JUNIATA VALLEY FINANCIAL CORP (Form: 10-K, Received: 03/15/2017 13:01:04)

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year ended December 31, 2016

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________________ to __________________

Commission File No. 0-13232

Juniata Valley Financial Corp.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania		23-2235254
(State or other jurisdiction of		(IRS Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)

Bridge and Main Streets, PO Box 66
Mifflintown, PA		17059-0066
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (717) 436-8211

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, par value $1.00

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act)

Yes ¨ No x

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was $82,624,552. ⁽¹⁾

There were 4,757,193 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of March 4, 2017.

(1) The aggregate dollar amount of the voting stock set forth equals the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock outstanding, reduced by the amount of Common Stock held by officers, directors, shareholders owning in excess of 10% of the Company’s Common Stock and the Company’s employee benefit plans multiplied by the last reported sale price for the Company’s Common Stock on June 30, 2016, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. The information provided shall not be construed as an admission that any officer, director or 10% shareholder of the Company, or any employee benefit plan, may be deemed an affiliate of the Company or that such person or entity is the beneficial owner of the shares reported as being held by such person or entity, and any such inference is hereby disclaimed.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

(Specific sections incorporated are identified under applicable items herein)

Certain portions of the Company’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2016 are incorporated by reference in Parts I and II of this Report. The Company’s Annual Report to Shareholders is attached to this Report as Exhibit 13.1.

With the exception of the information incorporated by reference in Parts I and II of this Report, the Company’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2016 is not to be deemed "filed" with the Securities and Exchange Commission for any purpose.

Certain portions of the Company’s Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with its 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Report; provided, however, that any information in such Proxy Statement that is not required to be included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K shall not be deemed to be incorporated herein or filed for the purposes of the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Other documents incorporated by reference are listed in the Exhibit Index.

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

Juniata Valley Financial Corp. (the “Company” or “Juniata”) is a Pennsylvania corporation that was formed in 1983 as a result of a plan of merger and reorganization of The Juniata Valley Bank (the “Bank”). The plan received regulatory approval on June 7, 1983, and Juniata, a one-bank holding company, registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956. The Bank is the oldest independent commercial bank in Juniata and Mifflin Counties, having originated under a state bank charter in 1867. The Company has one reportable segment, consisting of the Bank, as described in Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the Company’s 2016 Annual Report to Shareholders (“2016 Annual Report”).

Nature of Operations

Juniata operates primarily in central and northern Pennsylvania with the purpose of delivering financial services within its local markets. The Company provides retail and commercial banking services through 15 offices in the following locations: five community offices in Juniata County; five community offices in Mifflin County, as well as a financial services office; two community offices in McKean County; one community office in each of Potter, Perry and Huntingdon Counties; and a loan production office in Centre County.

The Company offers a full range of consumer and commercial banking services. Consumer banking services include: Internet banking; mobile banking; telephone banking; twelve automated teller machines; personal checking accounts; club accounts; checking overdraft privileges; money market deposit accounts; savings accounts; debit cards; certificates of deposit; individual retirement accounts; secured lines of credit; construction and mortgage loans; and safe deposit boxes. Commercial banking services include: low and high-volume business checking accounts; Internet account management services; remote deposit capability; ACH origination; payroll direct deposit; commercial lines of credit; commercial letters of credit; and commercial term and demand loans.

The Bank also provides comprehensive trust, asset management and estate services, and the Company has a contractual arrangement with a broker-dealer to offer a full range of financial services, including annuities, mutual funds, stock and bond brokerage services and long-term care insurance to the Bank’s customers. Management believes the Bank has a relatively stable deposit base with no major seasonal depositor or group of depositors. Most of the Company’s commercial customers are small and mid-sized businesses in central and northern Pennsylvania.

Juniata’s loan underwriting policies are updated periodically and are presented for approval to the Board of Directors of the Bank. The purpose of the policies is to grant loans on a sound and collectible basis, to invest available funds in a safe, profitable manner, to serve the credit needs of the communities in Juniata’s primary market area and to ensure that all loan applicants receive fair and equal treatment in the lending process. It is the intent of the underwriting policies to seek to minimize loan losses by requiring careful investigation of the credit history of each applicant, verifying the source of repayment and the ability of the applicant to repay, securing those loans in which collateral is deemed to be required, exercising care in the documentation of the application, review, approval and origination process and administering a comprehensive loan collection program.

The major types of investments held by Juniata consist of obligations and securities issued by U.S. government agencies or corporations, obligations of state and local political subdivisions, mortgage-backed securities and common stock. Juniata’s investment policy directs that investments be managed in a way that provides necessary funding for the Company’s liquidity needs and adequate collateral to pledge for public funds held and, as directed by the Asset Liability Committee, manages interest rate risk. The investment policy specifies the types of permitted investments owned, addresses credit quality of investments and includes limitations by investment types and issuer.

The Company’s primary source of funds is deposits, consisting of transaction type accounts, such as demand deposits and savings accounts, and time deposits, such as certificates of deposit. The majority of deposits are held by customers residing or located in Juniata’s market area. No material portion of the deposits has been obtained from a single or small group of customers, and the Company believes that the loss of any customer’s deposits or a small group of customers’ deposits would not have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Other sources of funds used by the Company include retail repurchase agreements, borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh and lines of credit established with various correspondent banks for overnight funding.

Competition

The Bank’s service area is characterized by a high level of competition for banking business among commercial banks, savings and loan associations and other financial institutions located inside and outside the Bank’s market area. The Bank actively competes with dozens of such banks and institutions for local consumer and commercial deposit accounts, loans and other types of banking business. Many competitors have substantially greater financial resources and larger branch systems than those of the Bank.

In commercial transactions, the Company believes that the Bank’s legal lending limit to a single borrower (approximately $7,966,000 as of December 31, 2016) enables it to compete effectively for the business of small and mid-sized businesses. However, this legal lending limit is considerably lower than that of various competing institutions and thus may act as a constraint on the Bank’s effectiveness in competing for larger financings.

In consumer transactions, the Bank believes that it is able to compete on a substantially equal basis with larger financial institutions because it offers competitive interest rates on savings and time deposits and on loans.

In competing with other banks, savings and loan associations and financial institutions, the Bank seeks to provide personalized services through management’s knowledge and awareness of its service areas, customers and borrowers. In management’s opinion, larger institutions often do not provide sufficient attention to the retail depositors and the relatively small commercial borrowers that comprise the Bank’s primary customer base.

Other competitors, including credit unions, consumer finance companies, insurance companies and money market mutual funds, compete with many of the lending and deposit services offered by the Bank. The Bank also competes with insurance companies, investment counseling firms, mutual funds and other business firms and individuals in corporate and trust investment management services.

Supervision and Regulation

General

The Company operates in a highly regulated industry, and thus may be affected by changes in state and federal regulations and legislation. As a registered bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “Bank Holding Company Act”), the Company is subject to supervision and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (FRB) and is required to file periodic reports and information regarding its business operations and those of the Bank with the FRB. In addition, under the Pennsylvania Banking Code of 1965, the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities has the authority to examine the books, records and affairs of the Company and to require any documentation deemed necessary to ensure compliance with the Pennsylvania Banking Code.

The Bank Holding Company Act requires the Company to obtain FRB approval before: acquiring more than a five percent ownership interest in any class of the voting securities of any bank; acquiring all or substantially all of the assets of a bank; or merging or consolidating with another bank holding company. In addition, the Bank Holding Company Act prohibits a bank holding company from acquiring the assets, or more than five percent of the voting securities, of a bank located in another state, unless such acquisition is specifically authorized by the statutes of the state in which the bank is located.

The Company is generally prohibited under the Bank Holding Company Act from engaging in, or acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of more than five percent of the voting shares of any company engaged in, nonbanking activities unless the FRB, by order or regulation, has found such activities to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. In making such determination, the FRB considers whether the performance of these activities by a bank holding company can reasonably be expected to produce benefits to the public that outweigh the possible adverse effects.

A satisfactory safety and soundness rating, particularly with regard to capital adequacy, and a satisfactory Community Reinvestment Act rating are generally prerequisites to obtaining federal regulatory approval to make acquisitions and open branch offices. As of December 31, 2016, the Bank was rated “outstanding” under the Community Reinvestment Act and was a “well capitalized” bank. An institution’s Community Reinvestment Act rating is considered in determining whether to grant approvals relating to charters, branches and other deposit facilities, relocations, mergers, consolidations and acquisitions. Less than satisfactory performance may be the basis for denying an application.

There are various legal restrictions on the extent to which the Company and its non-bank subsidiaries can borrow or otherwise obtain credit from the Bank. In general, these restrictions require that any such extensions of credit must be secured by designated amounts of specified collateral and are limited, as to any one of the Company or such non-bank subsidiaries, to ten percent of the lending bank’s capital stock and surplus and, as to the Company and all such non-bank subsidiaries in the aggregate, to 20 percent of the Bank’s capital stock and surplus. Further, the Company and the Bank are prohibited from engaging in certain tie-in arrangements in connection with any extension of credit, lease or sale of property or furnishing of services.

As a bank chartered under the laws of Pennsylvania, the Bank is subject to the regulations and supervision of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities. These government agencies conduct regular safety and soundness and compliance reviews that have resulted in satisfactory evaluations to date. Some of the aspects of the lending and deposit business of the Bank that are regulated by these agencies include personal lending, mortgage lending and reserve requirements.

The operations of the Bank are also subject to numerous Federal, state and local laws and regulations which set forth specific restrictions and procedural requirements with respect to interest rates on loans, the extension of credit, credit practices, the disclosure of credit terms and discrimination in credit transactions. The Bank also is subject to certain limitations on the amount of cash dividends that it can pay to the Company. See Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, contained in the 2016 Annual Report, which is included in Exhibit 13 to this report and incorporated by reference in this Item 1.

Under FRB policy, the Company is expected to act as a source of financial strength to the Bank and Liverpool Community Bank (“LCB”), of which the Company owns 39.16%, and to commit resources to support the Bank and LCB in circumstances where they might not be in a financial position to support themselves. Consistent with the “source of strength” policy for subsidiary banks, the FRB has stated that, as a matter of prudent banking, a bank holding company generally should not maintain a rate of cash dividends unless its net income available to common stockholders has been sufficient to fully fund the dividends and the prospective rate of earnings retention appears to be consistent with the Company’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition.

As a public company, the Company is subject to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and regulations relating to periodic reporting, proxy solicitation and insider trading.

FDIC Insurance

The FDIC is an independent federal agency that insures the deposits, up to prescribed statutory limits, of federally insured banks and savings institutions and safeguards the safety and soundness of the banking and savings industries. The FDIC administers the Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”). Since 2008, the standard maximum deposit insurance coverage per depositor, has been $250,000. The FDIC deposit insurance coverage limit applies per depositor, per insured depository institution for each account ownership category. The FDIC has been given greater latitude in setting the assessment rates for insured depository institutions which could be used to impose minimum assessments.

The FDIC is authorized to set the reserve ratios for the Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”) annually at between 1.15% and 1.5% of estimated insured deposits. FDIC assessment rates currently range from 12 to 50 basis points. Institutions in the lowest risk category, Risk Category I, pay between 12 and 14 basis points. Initial base assessment rates range between 12 and 45 basis points – 12 -16 basis points for Category I. The initial base rates for risk categories II, III and IV were 20, 30 and 45 basis points, respectively. For institutions in any risk category, assessment rates rose above initial rates for institutions relying significantly on secured liabilities. Assessment rates increased for institutions with a ratio of secured liabilities (repurchase agreements, Federal Home Loan Bank advances, secured Federal Funds purchased and other secured borrowings) to domestic deposits of greater than 15%, with a maximum of 50% above the rate before such adjustment.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (“Dodd Frank Act”) revised the statutory authorities governing the FDIC’s management of the DIF. Key requirements from the Dodd-Frank Act have resulted in the FDIC’s adoption of the following amendments: (1) redefined the assessment base used to calculate deposit insurance assessments to “average consolidated total assets minus average tangible equity”; (2) raised the DIF’s minimum reserve ratio to 1.35 percent and removed the upper limit on the reserve ratio; (3) revised adjustments to the assessment rates by eliminating one adjustment and adding another; and (4) revised the deposit insurance assessment rate schedules due to changes to the assessment base. Revised rate schedules and other revisions to the deposit insurance assessment rules became effective April 1, 2011. Though deposit insurance assessments maintain a risk-based approach, the FDIC’s changes effective April 1, 2011, impose a more extensive risk-based assessment system on large insured depository, institutions with at least $10 billion in total assets since they are more complex in nature and could pose greater risk. Due to the changes to the assessment base and assessment rates, as well as the DIF restoration time frame, the impact on the Company’s deposit insurance assessments resulted in lower premiums from 2011 through 2016 and will likely continue in future years.

Under the Reform Act, the FDIC may terminate the insurance of an institution’s deposits upon finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe and unsound practices, is in an unsafe and unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC. The Company does not know of any practice, condition or violation that might lead to termination of its deposit insurance.

In addition, all insured institutions of the FDIC are required to pay assessments to fund interest payments on bonds issued by the Financing Corporation, an agency of the Federal government established to finance resolutions of insolvent thrifts. These assessments, the current quarterly rate of which is approximately .00135 of the asset assessment base, will continue until the Financing Corporation bonds mature in 2017.

Community Reinvestment Act

Under the Community Reinvestment Act, the Bank has a continuing and affirmative obligation, consistent with its safe and sound operation, to help meet the credit needs of its entire community, including low and moderate income neighborhoods. However, the Community Reinvestment Act does not establish specific lending requirements or programs for financial institutions nor does it limit an institution’s discretion to develop the types of products and services that it believes are best suited to its particular community. The Community Reinvestment Act also requires;

the applicable regulatory agency to assess an institution’s record of meeting the credit needs of its community;

public disclosure of an institution’s CRA rating; and

that the applicable regulatory agency provides a written evaluation of an institution’s CRA performance utilizing a four-tiered descriptive rating system.

Capital Regulation

The United States is a member of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (the “Basel Committee”) that provides a forum for regular international cooperation on banking supervisory matters. The Basel Committee develops guidelines and supervisory standards and is best known for its international standards on capital adequacy.

In December 2010, the Basel Committee released its final framework for strengthening international capital and liquidity regulation, officially identified by the Basel Committee as “Basel III”. In July 2013, the FRB approved final rules to implement the Basel III capital framework which revises the risk-based capital requirements applicable to bank holding companies and depository institutions described above. The new minimum regulatory capital requirements established by the U.S. Basel III Capital Rules became effective for the Company on January 1, 2015, and will be fully phased in on January 1, 2019.

When fully phased in, Basel III requires financial institutions to maintain: (a) Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) to risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% “capital conservation buffer” (which is added to the 4.5% CET1 ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7.0%); (b) a minimum ratio of tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%, plus the capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 6.0% tier 1 capital ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5% upon full implementation); (c) a minimum ratio of total (that is, tier 1 plus tier 2) capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 8.0% total capital ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum total capital ratio of 10.5% upon full implementation); and (d) as a newly adopted international standard, a minimum leverage ratio of 3.0%, calculated as the ratio of tier 1 capital to a bank’s balance sheet exposures plus certain off-balance sheet exposures (computed as the average for each quarter of the month-end ratios for the quarter).

As a result of the capital conservation buffer rules, once in effect, if the Company’s bank subsidiary (The Juniata Valley Bank) fails to maintain the required minimum capital conservation buffer, the Company may be unable to obtain capital distributions from it, which could negatively impact the Company’s ability to pay dividends, service debt obligations or repurchase common stock. In addition, such a failure could result in a restriction on the Company’s ability to pay certain cash bonuses to executive officers, negatively impacting the Company’s ability to retain key personnel.

As of December 31, 2016, the Company believes its current capital levels would meet the fully phased-in minimum capital requirements, including capital conservation buffer, as prescribed in the U.S. Basel III Capital Rules.

Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 (the "1991 Act"), a bank holding company is required to guarantee that any "undercapitalized" (as such term is defined in the statute) insured depository institution subsidiary will comply with the terms of any capital restoration plan filed by such subsidiary with its appropriate federal banking agency up to the lesser of (i) an amount equal to 5% of the institution's total assets at the time the institution became undercapitalized, or (ii) the amount which is necessary (or would have been necessary) to bring the institution into compliance with all capital standards as of the time the institution failed to comply with such capital restoration plan.

See Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, contained in the 2016 Annual Report and incorporated by reference in this Item 1, for a table that provides the Company’s risk based capital ratios and leverage ratio.

Federal banking agencies have broad powers to take corrective action to resolve problems of insured depository institutions. The extent of these powers depends upon whether the institutions in question are “well capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized”, “significantly undercapitalized,” or “critically undercapitalized.” As of December 31, 2016, the Bank was a “well-capitalized” bank, as defined by the FDIC.

All of the bank regulatory agencies have issued rules that amend their capital guidelines for interest rate risk and require such agencies to consider in their evaluation of a bank's capital adequacy the exposure of a bank's capital and economic value to changes in interest rates. These rules do not establish an explicit supervisory threshold. The agencies intend, at a subsequent date, to incorporate explicit minimum requirements for interest rate risk into their risk based capital standards and have proposed a supervisory model to be used together with bank internal models to gather data and hopefully propose, at a later date, explicit minimum requirements.

Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act

On November 12, 1999, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (“GLB”) became law. GLB permits commercial banks to affiliate with investment banks. It also permits bank holding companies which elect financial holding company status to engage in any type of financial activity, including securities, insurance, merchant banking/equity investment and other activities that are financial in nature. The Company has not elected financial holding company status. The merchant banking provisions allow a bank holding company to make a controlling investment in any kind of company, financial or commercial. GLB allows a bank to engage in virtually every type of activity currently recognized as financial or incidental or complementary to a financial activity. A commercial bank that wishes to engage in these activities is required to be well capitalized, well managed and to have a satisfactory or better Community Reinvestment Act rating. GLB also allows subsidiaries of banks to engage in a broad range of financial activities that are not permitted for banks themselves. Although the Company and the Bank have not commenced these types of activities to date, GLB enables them to evaluate new financial activities that would complement the products already offered to enhance non-interest income.

Federal banking regulators have adopted rules that limit the ability of banks and other financial institutions to disclose non-public information about consumers to nonaffiliated third parties. These limitations require disclosure of privacy policies to consumers and, in some circumstances, allow consumers to prevent disclosure of certain personal information to a nonaffiliated third party. The privacy provisions of the GLB Act affect the Company by limiting how consumer information is transmitted and conveyed to outside vendors.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 implemented a broad range of corporate governance, accounting and reporting measures for companies, like Juniata, that have securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Specifically, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the various regulations promulgated under the Act, established, among other things: (i) requirements for audit committees, including independence, expertise, and responsibilities; (ii) additional responsibilities relating to financial statements for the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of reporting companies; (iii) standards for auditors and regulation of audits, including independence provisions that restrict non-audit services that accountants may provide to their audit clients; (iv) increased disclosure and reporting obligations for reporting companies and their directors and executive officers, including accelerated reporting of stock transactions and a prohibition on trading during pension blackout periods; and (v) a range of civil and criminal penalties for fraud and other violations of the securities laws. In addition, Sarbanes-Oxley required stock exchanges, such as NASDAQ, to institute additional requirements relating to corporate governance in their listing rules.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires the Company to include in its Annual Report on Form 10-K a report by management and an attestation report by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm on the adequacy of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Management’s internal control report must, among other things, set forth management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Anti-Money Laundering Initiatives and the USA Patriot Act

A major focus of governmental policy on financial institutions in recent years has been aimed at combating money laundering and terrorist financing. The USA Patriot Act of 2001 (“USA Patriot Act”) imposes significant compliance and due diligence obligations, creates criminal and financial liability for non-compliance and expands the extra-territorial jurisdiction of the U.S. The United States Treasury has issued a number of regulations that apply various requirements of the USA Patriot Act to financial institutions. These regulations require financial institutions to maintain appropriate policies, procedures and controls to detect, prevent and report money laundering and terrorist financing and to verify the identity of their customers. Failure of a financial institution to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing, or to comply with all of the relevant laws or regulations, could have serious legal and reputational consequences for the institution.

Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation

The U.S. has instituted economic sanctions which restrict transactions with designated foreign countries, nationals and others. These are typically known as the “OFAC rules” because they are administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”). The OFAC-administered sanctions target countries in various ways. Generally, however, they contain one or more of the following elements: (i) restrictions on trade with or investment in a sanctioned country, including prohibitions against direct or indirect imports from and exports to a sanctioned country, and prohibitions on “U.S. persons” engaging in financial transactions which relate to investments in, or providing investment-related advice or assistance to, a sanctioned country; and (ii) a blocking of assets in which the government or specially designated nationals of the sanctioned country have an interest, by prohibiting transfers of property subject to U.S. jurisdiction (including property in the possession or control of U.S. persons). Blocked assets (e.g., property and bank deposits) cannot be paid out, withdrawn, set off or transferred in any manner without a license from OFAC. Failure to comply with these sanctions could have serious legal and reputational consequences for the institution.

Consumer Protection Statutes and Regulations

The Company is subject to many federal consumer protection statutes and regulations including the Truth in Lending Act, Truth in Savings Act, Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Fair Housing Act, Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act and Home Mortgage Disclosure Act. Among other things, these acts:

require banks to disclose credit terms in meaningful and consistent ways;

prohibit discrimination against an applicant in any consumer or business credit transaction;

prohibit discrimination in housing-related lending activities;

require banks to collect and report applicant and borrower data regarding loans for home purchases or improvement projects;

require lenders to provide borrowers with information regarding the nature and cost of real estate settlements;

prohibit certain lending practices and limit escrow account amounts with respect to real estate transactions; and

prescribe possible penalties for violations of the requirements of consumer protection statutes and regulations.

On November 17, 2009, the FRB published a final rule amending Regulation E, which implements the Electronic Fund Transfer Act. The final rule limits the ability of a financial institution to assess an overdraft fee for paying automated teller machine transactions and one-time debit card transactions that overdraw a customer’s account, unless the customer affirmatively consents, or opts in, to the institution’s payment of overdrafts for these transactions.

Dodd-Frank Act

The Dodd-Frank Act resulted in significant financial regulatory reform. The Dodd-Frank Act also changed the responsibilities of the current federal banking regulators. Among other things, the Dodd-Frank Act created the Financial Oversight Council, with oversight authority for monitoring and regulating systemic risk, and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), which has broad regulatory and enforcement powers over consumer financial products and services. Effective July 21, 2011, the CFPB became responsible for administering and enforcing numerous federal consumer financial laws enumerated in the Dodd-Frank Act. The Dodd Frank Act also provided that, for banks with total assets of more than $10 billion, the CFPB would have exclusive or primary authority to examine those banks for, and enforce compliance with, the federal consumer financial laws. Although not subject to examination by the CFPB, the Company remains subject to the review and supervision of other applicable regulatory authorities, and such authorities may enforce compliance with regulations issued by the CFPB.

The scope of the Dodd-Frank Act impacts many aspects of the financial services industry, and it requires the development and adoption of numerous regulations, some of which have not yet been issued. The effects of the Dodd-Frank Act on the financial services industry will depend, in large part, upon the extent to which regulators exercise the authority granted to them under the Dodd-Frank Act and the approaches taken in implementing those regulations. Additional uncertainty regarding the effects of the Dodd-Frank Act exists due to court decisions and the potential for additional legislative changes to the Dodd-Frank Act.

The Dodd-Frank Act's provisions that have received the most public attention have generally been those which apply only to larger institutions with total consolidated assets of $50 billion or more. However, the Dodd-Frank Act contains numerous other provisions that affect all bank holding companies, including the Company.

The following is a list of significant provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, and, if applicable, the resulting regulatory rules adopted, that apply (or will apply), most directly to the Company and its subsidiary:

Federal deposit insurance - On April 1, 2011, the FDIC's revised deposit insurance assessment base changed from total domestic deposits to average total assets, minus average tangible equity. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act created a two scorecard system, one for large depository institutions that have more than $10 billion in assets and another for highly complex institutions that have over $50 billion in assets.

Debit card interchange fees - In June 2011, the FRB adopted regulations, which became effective on October 1, 2011, setting maximum permissible interchange fees issuers can receive or charge on electronic debit card transaction fees and network exclusivity arrangements (the "Current Rule").

Interest on demand deposits - Beginning in July 2011, depository institutions were no longer prohibited from paying interest on business transaction and other accounts.

Stress testing - In October 2012, the FRB issued final rules regarding company-run stress testing. In accordance with these rules, a company whose assets exceed $10 billion is required to conduct an annual stress test in the manner specified, and using assumptions for baseline, adverse and severely adverse scenarios announced by the FRB . The stress test is designed to assess the potential impact of various scenarios on a company’s earnings, capital levels and capital ratios over at least a nine-quarter time horizon. If applicable, the Company's board of directors and its senior management are required to consider the results of the stress test in the normal course of business, including as part of its capital planning process and the evaluation of the adequacy of its capital. While the Company believes that both the quality and magnitude of its capital base are sufficient to support its current operations given its risk profile, this requirement is not applicable to the Company because its assets are under $10 billion.

Ability-to-pay rules and qualified mortgages - As required by the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFPB issued a series of final rules in January 2013 amending Regulation Z, implementing the Truth in Lending Act, by requiring mortgage lenders to make a reasonable and good faith determination, based on verified and documented information, that a consumer applying for a residential mortgage loan has a reasonable ability to repay the loan according to its terms. These final rules, most of which became effective January 10, 2014, prohibit creditors, such as the Company, from extending residential mortgage loans without regard for the consumer's ability to repay and add restrictions and requirements to residential mortgage origination and servicing practices. In addition, these rules restrict the imposition of prepayment penalties and compensation practices relating to residential mortgage loan origination. Mortgage lenders are required to determine consumers' ability to repay in one of two ways. The first alternative requires the mortgage lender to consider eight underwriting factors when making the credit decision. Alternatively, the mortgage lender can originate "qualified mortgages," which are entitled to a presumption that the creditor making the loan satisfied the ability-to-repay requirements. In general, a "qualified mortgage" is a residential mortgage loan that does not have certain high risk features, such as negative amortization, interest-only payments, balloon payments, or a term exceeding 30 years. In addition, to be a qualified mortgage, the points and fees paid by a consumer cannot exceed 3% of the total loan amount, and the borrower's total debt-to-income ratio must be no higher than 43% (subject to certain limited exceptions for loans eligible for purchase, guarantee or insurance by a government sponsored entity or a federal agency).

Compliance with these rules has increased Juniata's overall regulatory compliance costs and required changes to the underwriting practices of the Company with respect to mortgage loans.

Integrated disclosures under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act and the Truth in Lending Act - In December 2013, the CFPB issued final rules revising and integrating previously separate disclosures required under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) and the Truth in Lending Act (TILA) in connection with certain closed-end consumer mortgage loans. These final rules became effective August 1, 2015 and require lenders to provide a new Loan Estimate, combining content from the former Good Faith Estimate required under RESPA and the initial disclosures required under TILA not later than the third business day after submission of a loan application, and a new Closing Disclosure, combining content of the former HUD-1 Settlement Statement required under RESPA and the final disclosures required under TILA at least three days prior to the loan closing.

Volcker Rule — As mandated by the Dodd-Frank Act, in December 2013, the OCC, FRB, FDIC, SEC and Commodity Futures Trading Commission issued a final rule (the "Final Rules") implementing certain prohibitions and restrictions on the ability of a banking entity and non-bank financial company supervised by the FRB to engage in proprietary trading and have certain ownership interests in, or relationships with, a "covered fund" (the so-called "Volcker Rule"). The Final Rules generally treat as a covered fund any entity that would be an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act") but for the application of the exemptions from SEC registration set forth in Section 3(c)(1) (fewer than l00 beneficial owners) or Section 3(c)(7) (qualified purchasers) of the 1940 Act. The Final Rules also require regulated entities to establish an internal compliance program that is consistent with the extent to which it engages in activities covered by the Volcker Rule, which must include making regular reports about those activities to regulators. Although the Final Rules provide some tiering of compliance and reporting obligations based on size, the fundamental prohibitions of the Volcker Rule apply to banking entities of any size, including the Company. In December 2014, the FRB extended, until July 21, 2016, the date by which banking entities must conform their activities and investments to the requirements of the Final Rules, and announced its intention to grant an additional one-year extension of the conformance period to July 21, 2017.

While the Company does not engage in proprietary trading or in any other activities prohibited by the Final Rules, the Company will continue to evaluate whether any of its investments fall within the definition of a "covered fund" and would need to be disposed of by the extended deadline. However, based on the Company's evaluation to date, it does not currently expect that the Final Rules will have a material effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations.

Incentive compensation — As required by the Dodd-Frank Act, a joint interagency proposed regulation was issued in April 2011. The proposed rule would require the reporting of incentive-based compensation arrangements by a covered financial institution and prohibit incentive-based compensation arrangements at a covered financial institution that provides excessive compensation or that could expose the institution to inappropriate risks that could lead to material financial loss. The proposed rule, if adopted as currently proposed, could limit the manner in which the Company structures incentive compensation for its executives.

National Monetary Policy

In addition to being affected by general economic conditions, the earnings and growth of the Bank and, therefore, the earnings and growth of the Company, are affected by the policies of regulatory authorities, including the FRB and the FDIC. An important function of the FRB is to regulate the money supply and credit conditions. Among the instruments used to implement these objectives are open market operations in U.S. government securities, setting the discount rate and changes in financial institution reserve requirements. These instruments are used in varying combinations to influence overall growth and distribution of credit, bank loans, investments and deposits, and their use may also affect interest rates charged on loans or paid on deposits.

The monetary policies and regulations of the FRB have had a significant effect on the operating results of commercial banks in the past and are expected to continue to do so in the future. The effects of such policies upon the future businesses, earnings and growth of the Company cannot be predicted with certainty.

Employees

As of December 31, 2016, the Company had a total of 120 full-time and 48 part-time employees.

Additional Information

The Company files annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You may read and copy any reports, statements and other information we file at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operations of the Public Reference Room. Our SEC filings are also available on the SEC’s Internet site (http://www.sec.gov).

The Company’s common stock is quoted under the symbol “JUVF” on the OTC-Pink Bulletin Board, an automated quotation service, made available through, and governed by, the NASDAQ system. You may also read reports, proxy statements and other information we file at the offices of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., 1735 K Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006.

The Company’s Internet address is www.JVBonline.com. At that address, we make available, free of charge, the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (see “Investor Information” section of website), as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.

In addition, we will provide, at no cost, paper or electronic copies of our reports and other filings made with the SEC (except for exhibits). Requests should be directed to JoAnn N. McMinn, Chief Financial Officer, Juniata Valley Financial Corp., PO Box 66, Mifflintown, PA 17059, 717-436-8211.

The information on the websites listed above is not and should not be considered to be part of this annual report on Form 10-K and is not incorporated by reference in this document.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

An investment in the Company's common stock involves certain risks, including, among others, the risks described below. In addition to the other information contained in this report, you should carefully consider the following risk factors in analyzing whether to make or to continue an investment in the Company:

RISKS RELATED TO INTEREST RATES AND LIQUIDITY

Fluctuations in market interest rates, particularly in a continuing period of low market interest rates, and relative balances of rate-sensitive assets to rate-sensitive liabilities, can negatively impact net interest margin and net interest income.

The operations of financial institutions such as the Company are dependent to a large degree on net interest income, which is the difference between interest income from loans and investments and interest expense on deposits and borrowings.

An institution's net interest income is significantly affected by market rates of interest that in turn are affected by prevailing economic conditions, by the fiscal and monetary policies of the federal government and by the policies of various regulatory agencies. The FRB regulates the national money supply in order to manage recessionary and inflationary pressures. In doing so, the FRB may use techniques such as engaging in open market transactions of U.S. Government securities, changing the discount rate and changing reserve requirements against bank deposits. The use of these techniques may also affect interest rates charged on loans and paid on deposits. The interest rate environment, which includes both the level of interest rates and the shape of the U.S. Treasury yield curve, has a significant impact on net interest income.

Low market interest rates have pressured the net interest margin in recent years. Interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments, have been originated, acquired or repriced at lower rates, reducing the average rate earned on those assets. While the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings, has also declined, the decline has not always occurred at the same pace as the decline in the average rate earned on interest-earning assets, resulting in a narrowing of the net interest margin.

Competition sometimes requires the Company to lower rates charged on loans more than the decline in market rates would otherwise indicate. Competition may also require the Company to pay higher rates on deposits than market rates would otherwise indicate. Thus, although loan demand has improved in recent years, intense competition among lenders has continued to place downward pressure on loan yields, also narrowing the net interest margin. Further, due to historically low market interest rates, rates paid on deposits have tended to reach a natural floor below which it is difficult to further reduce such rates.

Like all financial institutions, the Company's consolidated statement of financial condition is affected by fluctuations in interest rates. Volatility in interest rates can also result in disintermediation, which is the flow of deposits away from financial institutions into direct investments, such as US Government and corporate securities and other investment vehicles, including mutual funds, which, because of the absence of federal insurance premiums and reserve requirements, generally pay higher rates of return than bank deposit products. See "Item 7: Management's Discussion of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Item 7A: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk”.

See the section entitled “Market / Interest Rate Risk” and Table 5 – Maturity Distribution” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition in the 2016 Annual Report, incorporated by reference in this Item 1A, for a discussion of the effects on net interest income over a twelve month period beginning on December 31, 2016 of simulated interest rate changes.

Capital and liquidity strategies, including the expected impact of the capital and liquidity requirements proposed by the Basel III standards, may require the Company to maintain higher levels of capital, which could restrict the amount of capital that the Company has available to deploy for income generating and other activities.

In July 2013, the FRB approved the final rules implementing the Basel III capital standards (the “Basel III Rules”) which substantially revise the risk-based capital requirements applicable to bank holding companies and depository institutions. See previous Capital Regulation discussion.

As of December 31, 2016, the Company believes its current capital levels would meet the fully phased-in minimum capital requirements as prescribed in the U.S. Basel III Capital Rules. However, the new rules, which began phase-in starting January 1, 2015 and will be fully phased in by 2019, effectively require financial institutions to maintain higher capital levels. As a result, Juniata may have to maintain capital in the form of assets that contribute less income to Juniata and that are not available for deployment as loans or other interest-income generating assets, funding of capital projects or other growth initiatives.

Competition on rates of deposit and for loan growth may negatively impact the Company’s net interest margin.

There is significant competition among banks in the market areas served by the Company. In addition, as a result of deregulation of the financial industry, the Bank also competes with other providers of financial services such as savings and loan associations, credit unions, consumer finance companies, securities firms, insurance companies, the mutual funds industry, full service brokerage firms and discount brokerage firms, some of which are subject to less extensive regulations than the Company with respect to the products and services they provide. Some of the Company’s competitors have greater resources than the Company and, as a result, may have higher lending limits and may offer other services not offered by the Company. See "Item 1: Business - Competition." Competition may adversely affect the rates the Company pays on deposits and charges on loans, thereby potentially adversely affect the Company’s profitability. The Company’s profitability depends upon its continued ability to successfully compete in the markets it serves. Further, intense competition among lenders is contributing to downward pressure on loan yields.

Changes in interest rates or disruption in liquidity markets may adversely affect the Company’s sources of funding.

The Company must maintain sufficient sources of liquidity to meet the demands of its depositors and borrowers, support its operations and meet regulatory expectations. The Company’s liquidity practices emphasize core deposits and repayments and maturities of loans and investments as its primary sources of liquidity. These primary sources of liquidity can be supplemented by FHLB advances, borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank and lines of credit from correspondent bank. Lower-cost, core deposits may be adversely affected by changes in interest rates, and secondary sources of liquidity can be more costly to the Company than funding provided by deposit account balances having similar maturities. In addition, adverse changes in the Company’s results of operations or financial condition, regulatory actions involving the Company, or changes in regulatory, industry or market conditions could lead to increases in the cost of these secondary sources of liquidity, the inability to refinance or replace these secondary funding sources as they mature, or the withdrawal of unused borrowing capacity under these secondary funding sources.

While the Company attempts to manage its liquidity through various techniques, the assumptions and estimates used do not always accurately forecast the impact of changes in customer behavior. For example, the Company may face limitations on its ability to fund loan growth if customers move funds out of the Company’s bank subsidiaries’ deposit accounts in response to increases in interest rates. In the years following the 2008 financial crisis, even as the general level of market interest rates remained low by historical standards, depositors frequently avoided higher-yielding and higher-risk alternative investments, in favor of the safety and liquidity of non-maturing deposit accounts. These circumstances contributed to significant growth in non-maturing deposit account balances at the Company, and at depository financial institutions generally. Should interest rates rise, customers may become more sensitive to interest rates when making deposit decisions and considering alternative opportunities. This increased sensitivity to interest rates could cause customers to move funds into higher-yielding deposit accounts offered by the Company’s bank subsidiary, require the Company’s bank subsidiary to offer higher interest rates on deposit accounts to retain customer deposits or cause customers to move funds into alternative investments or deposits of other banks or non-bank providers. Technology and other factors have also made it more convenient for customers to transfer low-cost deposits into higher-cost deposits or into alternative investments or deposits of other banks or non-bank providers. Movement of customer deposits into higher-yielding deposit accounts offered by the Company’s bank subsidiary, the need to offer higher interest rates on deposit accounts to retain customer deposits or the movement of customer deposits into alternative investments or deposits of other banks or non-bank providers could increase the Company’s funding costs, reduce its net interest margin and/or create liquidity challenges.

Market conditions have been negatively impacted by disruptions in the liquidity markets in the past, and such disruptions or an adverse change in the Company's results of operations or financial condition could, in the future, have a negative impact on secondary sources of liquidity. If the Company is not able to continue to rely primarily on customer deposits to meet its liquidity and funding needs, continue to access secondary, non-deposit funding sources on favorable terms or otherwise fails to manage its liquidity effectively, the Company’s ability to continue to grow may be constrained and the Company’s liquidity, operating margins, results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.

Regulators are increasingly emphasizing liquidity planning at both the bank and Company levels.

Due to regulatory limitations on the Corporation’s ability to rely on short-term borrowings, any significant movements of deposits away from traditional depository accounts which negatively impacts the Corporation’s loan-to-deposit ratio could restrict its ability to achieve growth in loans or require the Corporation to pay higher interest rates on deposit products in order to retain deposits to fund loans.

Liquidity must also be managed at the holding company level. Banking regulators carefully scrutinize liquidity at the holding company level, in addition to consolidated and bank liquidity levels. For safety and soundness reasons, banking regulations limit the amount of cash that can be transferred from subsidiary banks to the parent company in the form of loans and dividends. Generally, these limitations are based on a subsidiary bank’s regulatory capital levels and net income. These factors have affected some institutions' ability to pay dividends and have required some institutions to establish borrowing facilities at the holding company level.

COMPLIANCE AND REGULATORY RISKS

The increasing time and expense associated with regulatory compliance and risk management could negatively impact our results of operations.

The time, expense and internal and external resources associated with regulatory compliance continue to increase. Thus, balancing the need to address regulatory changes and effectively managing growth in non-interest expenses has become more challenging than it has been in the past.

The Company and the Bank are extensively regulated under federal and state banking laws and regulations that are intended primarily for the protection of depositors, federal deposit insurance funds and the banking system as a whole. In general, these laws and regulations establish: the eligible business activities for the Company; certain acquisition and merger restrictions; limitations on intercompany transactions such as loans and dividends; capital adequacy requirements; requirements for anti-money laundering programs; consumer lending and other compliance requirements. While these statutes and regulations are generally designed to minimize potential loss to depositors and the FDIC insurance funds, they do not eliminate risk, and compliance with such statutes and regulations increases the Company’s expense, requires management’s attention and can be a disadvantage from a competitive standpoint with respect to non-regulated competitors and larger bank competitors.

Compliance with banking statutes and regulations is important to the Company's ability to engage in new activities and to consummate additional acquisitions. Bank regulators are scrutinizing banks through longer and more extensive bank examinations in both the safety and soundness and compliance areas. The results of such examinations could result in a delay in receiving required regulatory approvals for potential new activities and transactional matters. In the event that the Company's compliance record would be determined to be unsatisfactory, such approvals may not be able to be obtained. Federal and state banking regulators also possess broad powers to take supervisory actions, as they deem appropriate. These supervisory actions may result in higher capital requirements, higher deposit insurance premiums and limitations on the Company's operations that could have a material adverse effect on its business and profitability.

In addition, the Company is subject to changes in federal and state tax laws as well as changes in banking and credit regulations, accounting principles, governmental economic and monetary policies and collection efforts by taxing authorities.

Financial reform legislation is likely to have a significant impact on the Company’s business and results of operations; however, until more implementing regulations are adopted, the extent to which the legislation will impact the Company is uncertain.

In July, 2010, the President of the United States signed into law the Dodd-Frank Act. Among other things, the Dodd-Frank Act created the Financial Stability Oversight Council, with oversight authority for monitoring and regulating systemic risk, and the CFPB, which has broad regulatory and enforcement powers over consumer financial products and services. The Dodd-Frank Act also changed the responsibilities of the current federal banking regulators, imposed additional corporate governance and disclosure requirements in areas such as executive compensation and proxy access, and private equity activities of banks.

The scope of the Dodd-Frank Act impacted many aspects of the financial services industry. However, its implementation requires the development and adoption of many regulations, some of which have not yet been proposed, adopted or fully implemented. The ultimate effect of the Dodd-Frank Act on the financial services industry will depend, in large part, upon the extent to which regulators exercise the authority granted to them under the Dodd-Frank Act and the approaches taken in implementing regulations. Additional uncertainty regarding the effect of the Dodd-Frank Act exists due to court decisions and the potential for additional legislative changes to the Dodd-Frank Act. The delay in the implementation of many of the regulations mandated by the Dodd-Frank Act has resulted in a lack of clear regulatory guidance to banks. The resulting uncertainty has caused banks to take a cautious approach to business initiatives and planning. The Company has been impacted, and will likely continue to be in the future, by the so-called Durbin Amendment to the Dodd-Frank Act, which reduced debit card interchange revenue of banks and revised deposit insurance assessments. It also is likely to be impacted by the Dodd-Frank Act in the areas of corporate governance, capital requirements, risk management, stress testing and regulation under consumer protection laws.

Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFPB was given rulemaking authority over most providers of consumer financial services in the U.S., examination and enforcement authority over the consumer operations of large banks, as well as interpretive authority with respect to numerous existing consumer financial services regulations. The CFPB began exercising these oversight authorities over the largest banks during 2011.

In January 2013, the CFPB issued a series of final rules related to mortgage loan origination and mortgage loan servicing, most provisions of which became effective January 10, 2014. These rules prohibit creditors, such as the Bank, from extending residential mortgage loans without regard for the consumer's ability to repay, provide certain safe harbor protections for the origination of loans that meet the requirements for a "qualified mortgage," add restrictions and requirements to residential mortgage origination and servicing practices and restrict the imposition of prepayment penalties and compensation practices relating to residential mortgage loan origination. Compliance with these rules has increased the Company’s overall regulatory compliance costs and required the Bank to change its underwriting practices. Moreover, these rules may adversely affect the volume of mortgage loans that the Bank originates and may subject it to increased potential liability related to its residential loan origination activities. In December 2013, the CFPB issued final rules revising and integrating previously separate disclosures required under the Truth in Lending Act and RESPA in connection with closed-end consumer mortgages. These final rules became effective August 1, 2015, and compliance with these rules required the Corporation to adapt its systems and procedures to accommodate the use of new disclosure forms to be provided to closed-end consumer mortgage borrowers at the time of application and at the time of closing for those loans within the timeframes required under these new rules.

RISKS RELATED TO OPERATIONS

Cyber security incidents could disrupt business operations, result in the loss of critical and confidential information, and adversely impact our reputation and results of operations.

The Company’s computer systems, software and networks are subject to ongoing cyber incidents, such as unauthorized access; mishandling or misuse of information; loss or destruction of data (including confidential customer information); account takeovers; unavailability of service; computer viruses or other malicious code; cyber attacks designed to obtain confidential information, destroy data, disrupt or degrade service, sabotage systems or cause other damage; denial of service attacks; and other events. Cyber threats may arise from human error, fraud or malice on the part of employees or third parties, including third party vendors, or may result from accidental technological failure. In addition, parties intent on penetrating our systems may also attempt to fraudulently induce employees, customers, third parties or other users of our systems to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our data or that of the Company’s customers. Cyber security incidents, depending on their nature and scope, could potentially result in the misappropriation, destruction, corruption or unavailability of critical data and confidential or proprietary information (the Company’s own or that of third parties) and the disruption of business operations. The potential consequences of a material cyber security incident include reputational damage, litigation with third parties, and increased cyber security protection and remediation costs, which in turn could adversely affect the Company’s competitiveness and results of operations. The Company carries insurance to partially offset the risk of loss, however, there can be no assurance that the limits are sufficient to minimize a related loss.

Potential disruption or failure of network and information processing systems and those of third-party vendors may negatively impact our operations.

The Company's business activities are dependent on its ability to accurately and timely process, record and monitor a large number of transactions. If any of its financial, accounting, network or other information processing systems fail or have other significant shortcomings, the Company could be materially adversely affected. The Company outsources some of it processing and other activities to third party vendors. Third parties with which the Company does business could be sources of operational risk to the Company, including the risk that the third parties' own network and information processing systems could fail. Any of these occurrences could materially diminish the Company's ability to operate one or more of the Company's businesses, or cause the Company to suffer financial loss, a disruption of its business, regulatory sanctions or damage to its reputation, any of which could materially adversely affect the Company.

The Company may be subject to disruptions or failures of the Company's financial, accounting, network and information processing systems arising from events that are wholly or partially beyond the Company's control, which may include, for example, computer viruses or electrical or telecommunications outages, denial of service attacks or hacking targeting the Company's network or information processing systems or the Company's websites, natural disasters, disease pandemics or other damage to property or physical assets or terrorist acts. The Company has developed an emergency recovery program, which includes plans to maintain or resume operations in the event of an emergency, and has contingency plans in the event that operations or systems cannot be resumed or restored. The emergency recovery program is periodically reviewed and updated, and components of the emergency recovery program are periodically tested and validated. The Company also reviews and evaluates the emergency recovery programs of vendors which provide certain third-party systems that the Company considers critical. Nevertheless, there is no guarantee that these measures or any other measures can provide absolute security. In addition, because the methods used to cause cyber attacks change frequently or, in some cases, are not recognized until launched, the Corporation may be unable to implement effective preventive measures or proactively address these methods. Resulting disruptions or failures affecting any of our systems may give rise to interruption in service to customers, damage to the Company's reputation and loss or liability to the Company.

Failure by the Company to keep up with technological advancements in deployment of services and efficiency of operations may make it more vulnerable to competition.

The financial services industry is continually undergoing rapid technological change, with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to better serve customers and to reduce costs. The Company’s future success depends, in part, upon its ability to address the needs of its customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in the Company’s operations. Many of the Company’s financial institution competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements, and new payment services developed and offered by non-financial institution competitors pose an increasing threat to the traditional payment services offered by financial institutions. The Company may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services, be successful in marketing these products and services to its customers, or effectively deploy new technologies to improve the efficiency of its operations. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Further, the costs of new technology, including personnel, can be high in both absolute and relative terms. There can be no assurance, given the fast pace of change and innovation, that the Company’s technology, either purchased or developed internally, will meet or continue to meet the needs of the Company and the needs of its customers.

ECONOMIC AND CREDIT RISKS

Difficult economic conditions and real estate markets, including protracted periods of low-growth and sluggish loan demand, can negatively impact the Company’s income, and result in higher charge-offs as borrowers’ ability to repay is negatively impacted by those conditions.

Lending money is an essential part of the banking business, and the revenues derived from lending activities are the most significant segment of the Company’s income statement. Extended periods of sluggish loan demand can materially affect the composition of the Company’s consolidated statement of financial condition, reducing the ratio of loans to deposits and the Company’s profitability. Adverse changes in the economy and real estate markets and the duration of economic downturns can negatively affect the solvency of businesses and consumers. Borrowers’ inability to repay loans causes increases in non-performing assets, which may result in elevated collection and carrying costs related to such non-performing assets and increases in loan charge-offs, significantly impacting the loan loss provision charged to earnings to fund the allowance for loan losses. The risk of non-payment is affected by credit risks of the borrower, changes in economic and industry conditions, the duration of the loan and, in the case of a collateralized loan, uncertainties as to the future value of the collateral supporting the loan. Historically, commercial loans have presented a greater risk of non-payment than consumer loans. The application of various federal and state laws, including bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on these loans.

The Company has established an allowance for loan losses that management believes to be adequate to offset probable losses on the Company’s existing loans. However, there is no precise method of estimating loan losses. The Company determines the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses based on many quantitative and qualitative factors, including, but not limited to: the size and composition of the loan portfolio; changes in risk ratings; changes in collateral values; delinquency levels; historical losses; and economic conditions. In addition, as the Company’s loan portfolio grows, it will generally be necessary to increase the allowance for credit losses through additional provisions, which will impact the Company’s operating results. If the Company’s assumptions and judgments regarding such matters prove to be inaccurate, its allowance for credit losses might not be sufficient, and additional provisions for credit losses might need to be made. Depending on the amount of such provisions for credit losses, the adverse impact on the Company’s earnings could be material. Also, there can be no assurance that any future declines in real estate market conditions, general economic conditions or changes in regulatory policies will not require the Company to increase its allowance for loan losses, through additional loan loss provisions, which could reduce earnings.

Investment securities losses, including other-than-temporary declines in the value of securities which may result in charges to earnings, could negatively impact our results of operations.

Price fluctuations in securities markets, as well as other market events, could have an impact on the Company’s results of operations. As described below, the Company’s holding of certain securities and the revenues the Company earns from its trust and investment management services business are particularly sensitive to those events:

Equity investments:

As of December 31, 2016, the Company’s equity investments were comprised primarily of publicly traded financial institutions. The value of the securities in the Company’s equity portfolio may be affected by a number of factors. General economic conditions and uncertainty surrounding the financial institution sector as a whole impacts the value of these securities. Declines in bank stock values in general, as well as deterioration in the performance of specific banks, could result in other-than-temporary impairment charges. Considerations used to determine other-than-temporary impairment status to individual holdings include the length of time the stock has remained in an unrealized loss position, and the percentage of unrealized loss compared to the carrying cost of the stock, dividend reduction or suspension, market analyst reviews and expectations, and other pertinent news that would affect expectations for recovery or further decline.

Municipal securities:

As of December 31, 2016, the Company had approximately $26.7 million of municipal securities issued by various municipalities in its investment portfolio. Ongoing uncertainty with respect to the financial viability of municipal insurers places greater emphasis on the underlying strength of issuers. Increasing pressure on local tax revenues of issuers due to adverse economic conditions could also have a negative impact on the underlying credit quality of issuers.

Investment management and trust services revenue:

The Company’s investment management and trust services revenue is also impacted by fluctuations in the securities markets. A portion of this revenue is based on the value of the underlying investment portfolios. If the values of those investment portfolios decrease, whether due to factors influencing U.S. securities markets, in general, or otherwise, the Company’s revenue could be negatively impacted. In addition, the Company’s ability to sell its brokerage services is dependent, in part, upon consumers’ level of confidence in securities markets.

RISKS RELATED TO INVESTMENT IN THE COMPANY’S STOCK

The Corporation is a holding company and relies on dividends from its subsidiaries for substantially all of its revenue and its ability to make dividends, distributions and other payments.

The Company is a separate and distinct legal entity from the Bank, and depends on the payment of dividends from the Bank for substantially all of its revenues. As a result, the Company's ability to make dividend payments on its common stock depends primarily on certain federal and state regulatory considerations and the receipt of dividends and other distributions from its subsidiaries. There are various regulatory and prudential supervisory restrictions, which may change from time to time, that impact the ability of the Bank to pay dividends or make other payments to the Company. There can be no assurance that the Bank will be able to pay dividends at past levels, or at all, in the future. If the Company does not receive sufficient cash dividends or is unable to borrow from the Bank, then the Company may not have sufficient funds to pay dividends to its shareholders, repurchase its common stock or service its debt obligations.

"Anti-takeover" provisions may keep shareholders from receiving a premium for their shares.

The Articles of Incorporation of the Company presently contain certain provisions, such as staggered Board of Directors terms and super majority voting requirements for transactions not approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, which may be deemed to be "anti-takeover" in nature in that such provisions may deter, discourage or make more difficult the assumption of control of the Company by another Company or person through a tender offer, merger, proxy contest or similar transaction or series of transactions. In addition, provisions of Pennsylvania and applicable banking laws could similarly make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of the Company. The overall effects of the "anti-takeover” provisions may be to discourage, make more costly or more difficult, or prevent a future takeover offer, thereby preventing shareholders from receiving a premium for their securities in a takeover offer. These provisions may also increase the possibility that a future bidder for control of the Company will be required to act through arms-length negotiation with the Company’s Board of Directors. Copies of the Articles of Incorporation of the Company are on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Pennsylvania Secretary of State.

If the Company fails to maintain an effective system of internal controls, it may not be able to accurately report its financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, current and potential shareholders could lose confidence in the Company’s financial reporting, which could harm its business and the trading price of its common stock.

The Company has established a process to document and evaluate its internal controls over financial reporting in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related regulations, which require annual management assessments of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting and a report by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control. In this regard, management has dedicated internal resources, engaged outside consultants and adopted a detailed work plan to (i) assess and document the adequacy of internal controls over financial reporting, (ii) take steps to improve control processes, where appropriate, (iii) validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented and (iv) maintain a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s efforts to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the related regulations regarding the Company’s assessment of its internal controls over financial reporting and the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm audit of internal control are likely to continue to result in increased expenses. The Company’s management and audit committee have given the Company’s compliance with Section 404 a high priority. The Company cannot be certain that these measures will ensure that the Company implements and maintains adequate controls over its financial processes and reporting in the future. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm the Company’s operating results or cause the Company to fail to meet its reporting obligations. If the Company fails to correct any issues in the design or operating effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting or fails to prevent fraud, current and potential shareholders could lose confidence in the Company’s financial reporting, which could harm its business and the trading price of its common stock.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

The physical properties of the Company are all owned or leased by the Bank.

The Bank owns and operates, for banking purposes, the buildings located at:

One South Main Street, Mifflintown, Pennsylvania

218 Bridge Street, Mifflintown, Pennsylvania (its corporate headquarters)

1762 Butcher Shop Road, Mifflintown, Pennsylvania (operations center and Trust offices)

301 Market Street, Port Royal, Pennsylvania (branch office)

30580 Rt. 35, McAlisterville, Pennsylvania (branch office)

Four North Market Street, Millerstown, Pennsylvania (branch office)

17428 Tuscarora Creek Road, Blairs Mills, Pennsylvania (branch office)

One East Market Street, Lewistown, Pennsylvania (branch office)

20 Prince Street, Reedsville, Pennsylvania (branch office)

100 West Water Street, Lewistown, Pennsylvania (branch office)

320 South Logan Boulevard, Burnham, Pennsylvania (branch office)

571 Main Street, Richfield, Pennsylvania (branch office)

64 Main Street, Port Allegany, Pennsylvania (branch office)

118 East Second Street, Coudersport, Pennsylvania (branch office)

The Bank leases five offices:

Branch Offices –

5294 West River Road, Mifflintown, Pennsylvania (lease expires December 31, 2017)

Wal-Mart Supercenter, Route 522 South, Lewistown, Pennsylvania (lease expires November 2022)

52 West Mill Street, Port Allegany, Pennsylvania (lease expires July 1, 2018)

Financial Services Office –

129 South Main Street, Suite 600, Lewistown, Pennsylvania (lease expires October 2019)

Loan Production Office –

1366 South Atherton Street, State College, Pennsylvania (lease expires November 2018)

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The nature of the Company’s and Bank’s business, at times, generates litigation involving matters arising in the ordinary course of business. However, in the opinion of management, there are no proceedings pending to which the Company or the Bank is a party or to which its property is subject, which, if adversely determined, would be material in relation to their financial condition. In addition, no material proceedings are pending or are known to be threatened or contemplated against the Company by government authorities or others.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information:

Information regarding the market for the Company’s stock, the market price of the stock and dividends that the Company has paid is included in the Company’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2016, in the section entitled “Common Stock Market Prices and Dividends,” and is incorporated by reference in this Item 5.

Holders:

As of March 4, 2017, there were 1,824 registered holders of the Company’s outstanding common stock.

For information concerning the Company’s Equity Compensation Plans, see “Item 12: Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters”.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities:

None

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers:

					Total Number of
					Shares Purchased as		Maximum Number of
	Total Number		Average		Part of Publicly		Shares that May Yet Be
	of Shares		Price Paid		Announced Plans or		Purchased Under the
Period	Purchased		per Share		Programs		Plans or Programs

October 1-31, 2016		-	$	-		-		26,649
November 1-30, 2016		-		-		-		26,649
December 1-31, 2016		48,370		18.80		48,370		178,279

Totals		48,370	$	18.80		48,370		178,279

Performance Graph:

The following graph shows the yearly percentage change in the Company’s cumulative total shareholder return on its common stock from December 31, 2011 to December 31, 2016 compared with the Russell 3000 Index and a peer group defined by Juniata. The peer group consists of the following ten bank holding companies: CBT Financial Corporation (CBTC), CCFNB Bancorp, Inc. (CCFN), Dimeco, Inc. (DIMC), Emclaire Financial Corp. (EMCF), ENB Financial Corp (ENBP), First Community Financial Corporation (FMFP), Franklin Financial Services Corporation (FRAF), Kish Bancorp, Inc. (KISB), Mid Penn Bancorp, Inc. (MPB) and Riverview Financial Corporation (RIVE).

	Period Ending
Index	12/31/11		12/31/12		12/31/13		12/31/14		12/31/15		12/31/16
Juniata Valley Financial Corp.		100.00		105.31		107.59		116.27		118.11		128.26
Russell 3000		100.00		116.42		155.47		175.00		175.84		198.23
JUVF Peer Group Index*		100.00		120.51		139.57		159.60		164.07		194.82

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The section entitled “Five Year Financial Summary - Selected Financial Data” in the Company’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2016 is incorporated by reference in this Item 6.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition” and “Results of Operations” in the Company’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2016 is incorporated by reference in this Item 7.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

The section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis – Financial Condition – Market / Interest Rate Risk” in the Company’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2016 is incorporated by reference in this Item 7A.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2016 is incorporated by reference in this Item 8.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Attached as exhibits to this Form 10-K are certifications of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), which are required in accordance with Rule 13a-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). This “Controls and Procedures” section includes information concerning the controls and controls evaluation referred to in the certifications.

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, with the participation of its CEO and CFO, conducted an evaluation, as of December 31, 2016, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)). Based on this evaluation, the Company’s CEO and CFO concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective in reaching a reasonable level of assurance that management is timely alerted to material events relating to the Company during the period when the Company’s periodic reports are being prepared.

Conclusion Regarding Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a – 15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act. The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the evaluation under the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) , the Company’s management concluded that internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2016.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for the preparation, integrity and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated financial statements and notes included in this annual report have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and as such, include some amounts that are based on management’s best estimates and judgments.

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting. The system of internal control over financial reporting, as it relates to the financial statements, is evaluated for effectiveness by management and tested for reliability through a program of internal audits and management testing and review. Actions are taken to correct potential deficiencies as they are identified. Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations, including the possibility that a control can be circumvented or overridden and misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. Also, because of changes in conditions, internal control effectiveness may vary over time. Accordingly, even an effective system of internal control will provide only a reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation.

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) .

Based on our assessment, management concluded that as of December 31, 2016, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective and meets the criteria of the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) .

The independent registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated financial statements included in the annual report has issued an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Marcie A. Barber
Marcie A. Barber, President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ JoAnn N. McMinn
JoAnn N. McMinn, Chief Financial Officer

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Effectiveness of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Juniata Valley Financial Corp.

Mifflintown, Pennsylvania

We have audited Juniata Valley Financial Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiary’s, The Juniata Valley Bank, (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying “Item 9A, Report on Management’s Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting.” Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the COSO criteria .

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows of Juniata Valley Financial Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, The Juniata Valley Bank for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, and our report dated March 15, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

March 15, 2017

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Incorporated by reference herein is information appearing in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 16, 2017 (the “Proxy Statement”) under the captions “Directors of the Company”, “Executive Officers of the Company”, “Corporate Governance and Board Matters” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance”. The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics that is applicable to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer and other designated senior officers, which can be found in the Investor Information – Governance Documents section of the Company’s website at www.JVBonline.com. The Company will file its Proxy Statement on or before April 7, 2017.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Incorporated by reference herein is the information contained in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Compensation Discussion and Analysis”, “Director’s Compensation” and “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation”.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Incorporated by reference herein is the information contained in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Stock Ownership by Management and Beneficial Owners”. Additionally, the following table contains information regarding equity compensation plans approved by shareholders, which include a stock option plan for the Company’s employees and an employee stock purchase plan. The Company has no equity compensation plans that were not approved by shareholders.

Equity Compensation Plan Information
Plan Category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights		Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights		Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column a)
	a
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders		139,155	$	17.97		351,879

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders		-		-
Total		139,155	$	17.97		351,879

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Incorporated by reference herein is the information contained in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Related Party Transactions” and “Corporate Governance and Board Matters”.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Incorporated by reference herein is information contained in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm”.

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

	(a)(1)

	The following consolidated financial statements of the Company are filed as part of this Form 10-K:

(i)

	Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms

	(ii)

	Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015

	(iii)

	Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014

	(iv)

	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014

(v)

	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014

	(vi)

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014

	(vii)

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(a)(2) Financial Statements Schedules . All financial statement schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and have therefore been omitted.

(a)(3) Exhibits .

3.1		Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i) to the Company’s Form 8-K Current Report filed with the SEC on November 12, 2015)

3.2		Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 21, 2007)

3.3		Bylaw Amendment – (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2012)
10.1		Form of 1999 Directors Deferred Compensation Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2009) *
10.2		Form of Amendments to the 1999 Directors Deferred Compensation Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2011) *

10.3		Form of Director Supplemental Life Insurance/ Split Dollar Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2009) *

10.4		Employee Annual Incentive Plan, (filed herewith)*■

10.5		Change of Control Severance Agreement with JoAnn N. McMinn (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 8, 2005).*

10.6		Salary Continuation Agreement with JoAnn N. McMinn (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2008)*

10.7		Salary Continuation Agreement with Marcie A. Barber (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2008)*

10.8		Change of Control Severance Agreement with Marcie A. Barber (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 27, 2008).*

10.9		Long Term Incentive Plan of Juniata Valley Financial Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s 2016 proxy statement filed with the SEC on April 8, 2016)*

10.10		Technology Outsourcing Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 22, 2010).

13.1		Annual Report to Shareholders

21.1		Subsidiaries of Juniata Valley Financial Corp.

23.1		Consent of BDO USA, LLP

31.1		Rule 13a-4(d) Certification of Marcie A. Barber

31.2		Rule 13a-4(d) Certification of JoAnn N. McMinn

32.1		Section 1350 Certification of Marcie A. Barber

32.2		Section 1350 Certification of JoAnn N. McMinn

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

*Denotes a compensatory plan.

(b) Exhibits . The exhibits required to be filed as part of this report are submitted as a separate section of this report.

n Denotes that portions of such Plan have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and such confidential information has been filed separately with the Securities Exchange Commission.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

JUNIATA VALLEY FINANCIAL CORP. (REGISTRANT)
	Date: March 15, 2017

	/s/ Marcie A. Barber
	By: Marcie A. Barber
	Director, President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

/s/ Timothy I. Havice
Timothy I. Havice			March 15, 2017
Chairman

/s/ Philip E. Gingerich, Jr.
Philip E. Gingerich, Jr.			March 15, 2017
Vice Chairman

/s/ Charles L. Hershberger
Charles L. Hershberger			March 15, 2017
Secretary

/s/ Marcie A. Barber
Marcie A. Barber			March 15, 2017
Director and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Martin L. Dreibelbis
Martin L. Dreibelbis			March 15, 2017
Director

/s/ Gary E. Kelsey
Gary E. Kelsey			March 15, 2017
Director

/s/ Jan G. Snedeker
Jan G. Snedeker			March 15, 2017
Director

/s/ Richard M. Scanlon
Richard M. Scanlon, DMD			March 15, 2017
Director

/s/ Bradley J. Wagner
Bradley J. Wagner			March 15, 2017
Director

/s/ JoAnn N. McMinn
JoAnn N. McMinn			March 15, 2017
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

Exhibit 10.4

Employee Annual Incentive Plan

Plan Document

Plan Effective: January 1, 2004

Revised/Approved: January 31, 2017

Employee Annual Incentive Plan

I. Introduction/Purpose

This Employee Annual Incentive Plan has been developed as a meaningful compensation tool for employees at all levels, who through high levels of performance, contribute to the success and profitability of Juniata Valley Financial Corp (Company). The Plan is designed to support organizational objectives, financial goals, and the best interests of the shareholders as defined in the Bank’s Strategic Plan, by making available additional, variable, and contingent at-risk compensation, in the form of cash awards.

The Employee Annual Incentive Plan is based upon the achievement of required financial targets and other defined objectives consistent with those contained in the Strategic Plan. The formulas and awards have been carefully constructed to integrate the interests of the shareholder as well as enable the Bank to attract, retain, and motivate high quality personnel and support the continued growth and profitability of the Company.

The Plan is not meant to be a substitute for salary increases, but supplemental to base salary and a reward for performance that contributes to outstanding levels of long-term achievement.

While risk is an inherent aspect of business, this compensation plan is designed to reward executives for certain levels of performance without encouraging undue risk taking which could materially threaten the safety and soundness of the organization or business unit.

II. Plan Year

The Plan year for this program will be the calendar year. The effective date of the Plan is January 1, 2004. The performance measures for this will be determined, calculated and approved annually.

III. Participation

In order to be eligible, an individual must meet the following criteria:

Must have been employed prior to July 1 of the Plan year;

Must be employed in a full-time or part-time position; and

Must receive an overall rating of “Good” or better on his/her most recent individual performance evaluation prior to the Plan year award.

A participant's eligibility ceases at termination of employment (other than retirement, death or disability), and the participant will not receive any awards under the Plan for the year of termination. Termination as a result of retirement (as defined in the company’s retirement plans), death, or disability will provide pro-rated awards in the Plan through the last working date for the year in which termination occurred. If the participant dies during the Plan year, his/her designated beneficiary shall receive a pro-rated share of any award for which he/she would have been eligible.

Due to the various levels of responsibility of the positions within the Bank, the Board of Directors has selected the following Tiers of participation for the Employee Annual Incentive Plan. These tiers will generally be based upon position responsibility and grade level.

Tier 1 – President and Chief Executive Officer

Tier 2 – Executive Vice President/Chief Financial Officer

Tier 3 –■

Tier 4 – ■)

Tier 5 – ■

IV. Performance Factors

The annual portion of the Plan is based upon company financial performance factors which may change from year to year. In general, these factors may be measures such as return on assets, return on equity, net income, earnings per share or similar indicators. The factors and weighing of the factors are determined at the beginning of each Plan year. Each factor has quantifiable objectives consisting of threshold, target and optimum goals. The Company’s financial performance factors for the current year can be found in Exhibit A.

V. Award Calculation and Distribution

Awards under the Plan are calculated according to determination of the established performance factors at year end. Company performance between the threshold and target, and target and optimum is interpolated. Awards are determined by taking the determined award percentage times eligible compensation.

With regard to discretionary changes to award amounts relative to individual performance, please reference the following:

Tier 4 ■

Tier 3 ■.

Tier 2 (Executive Vice President/Chief Financial Officer) – After the award is calculated according to the financial performance factors, the President and Chief Executive Officer may increase or decrease the award up to 10%* (of the calculated award amount) based on the participant’s individual performance for the year.

Tier 1 (President and Chief Executive Officer) – After the award is calculated according to the financial performance factors, the Board may increase or decrease the award up to 10% (of the calculated award amount) based on the participant’s individual performance for the year.

*All discretionary adjustments within the 10% (of the calculated award amount) being made by the President and Chief Executive Officer will be reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors.

Bank performance below threshold will result in no awards being paid under the Plan. In the event this occurs, the President and Chief Executive Officer will have discretion to grant individual awards, with approval by the Board of Directors, for performance bonuses to those individuals who have achieved a high level of individual performance within their divisions.

Annual awards are paid in cash less normal payroll tax withholding. Awards will be paid within 75 days following the end of the plan year. Any participant terminating employment (except retirement, death, or disability) prior to the actual payment of the award will forfeit that award.

While every effort has been made to ensure that this incentive plan does not motivate or reward undue risk taking, any results deemed to have been the result of inappropriate risk will be backed out of incentive payments. The Board of Directors has the discretion to lever incentive payments down by as much as 100% if it is determined that excessive risk has been taken. This can be done on an individual or overall basis, as appropriate.

VI. Clawback

Awards will be recalculated if the relevant company performance measures upon which they are based are restated or otherwise adjusted within the 36-month period following the public release of the financial information. Any material overpayments or adjustments required by law will be owed back to the company.

VII. Administration

Eligible Compensation for purpose of this Plan is defined as a participant’s W-2 gross wages net of any option activity results, taxable retirement earnings, prior year commissions and bonuses and any other imputed income resulting from employee benefits.

The Board of Directors of the Bank may amend the Plan at any time.

Once established, performance factors will remain in place for the year, unless the Board of Directors decides otherwise.

Participation, performance factors, thresholds, targets and any other participation features are established each Plan year and may change from year to year according to the strategic objectives of the bank.

At least annually, the Chief Financial Officer acting as the highest ranking risk officer will review this Plan and provide a detailed report including a detailed assessment regarding any risk issues inherent in the Plan. This risk report and the plan document in full will be reviewed by the Personnel and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors to ensure that the plan design is consistent with the compensation philosophy of Juniata Valley Bank and that the plan does not motivate undue risk taking. The annual review will also include the market competitiveness of the plan, the plan’s alignment with the Bank’s strategic plan, an assessment of how the plan meets the objectives in the Introduction of this document, plus the plan’s impact on the overall safety and soundness of the Bank. The Committee will then provide a report and recommendations to the full Board of Directors who are responsible to approve the Plan. The Board of Directors of the Bank may amend the Plan at any time.

The Plan does not constitute a contract of employment, and participation in the Plan does not give any employee the right to be retained by the Bank or any right or claim to an award under the Plan unless specifically accrued under the terms of this Plan.

Any right of a participant or his or her beneficiary to the payment of an award under this Plan may not be assigned, transferred, pledged or encumbered.

Any adjustments to the financial performance results utilized in this Plan because of extraordinary gains or losses or other items must be approved by the Board of Directors.

VIII. Plan Approval

This Plan has been amended and approved by the Board of Directors of Juniata Valley Financial Corp on

	.

By

Board of Directors
Juniata Valley Financial Corp

Exhibit A: Bank Performance Factors and Award Schedule

Plan Year 2017

2017 Goals

Performance Measures

(Basic) Earnings Per Share (75%)

Threshold

Target

Optimum

1.045

1.10

1.21

Return on Average Equity (25%)
Threshold			Target			Optimum
	8.028	%		8.45	%		9.295	%

2017 Award Schedule

President &
CEO

EVP/CFO

Tier 1*

Tier 2*

Tier 3*

Tier 4

Tier 5

Min

12.00

10.00

■

Target

20.00

16.00

■

Max

30.00

24.00

■

NOTE: Awards will be interpolated for performance levels between threshold and target and target and maximum.

*Please see additional notes for these Tiers:

Tier 4 ■ .

Tier 3 ■

Tier 2 (Executive Vice President/Chief Financial Officer) – After the award is calculated according to the financial performance factors, the President and Chief Executive Officer may increase or decrease the award up to 10%* (of the calculated award amount) based on the participant’s individual performance for the year.

Tier 1 (President and Chief Executive Officer) – After the award is calculated according to the financial performance factors, the Board may increase or decrease the award up to 10% (of the calculated award amount) based on the participant’s individual performance for the year.

*All discretionary adjustments within the 10% (of the calculated award amount) being made by the President and Chief Executive Officer will be reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors.

Exhibit 13.1

Five-Year Financial Summary - Selected Financial Data

(In thousands of dollars, except share and per share data)

BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION	2016			2015			2014			2013			2012
at December 31
Assets	$	580,354		$	583,928		$	480,529		$	448,782		$	448,869
Deposits		455,822			457,126			380,884			379,645			386,751
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses		375,574			374,565			292,521			275,511			274,219
Investments		154,448			156,186			145,629			128,262			124,911
Goodwill		5,448			5,381			2,046			2,046			2,046
Short-term borrowings		32,196			35,057			20,544			13,797			5,436
Long-term debt		25,000			22,500			22,500			-			-
Stockholders' equity		59,090			59,962			49,856			49,984			50,297
Number of shares outstanding		4,755,630			4,798,086			4,187,441			4,196,266			4,218,361

Average for the year
Assets		577,341			489,323			470,660			450,031			454,057
Stockholders' equity		61,209			51,131			50,704			49,571			49,766
Weighted average shares outstanding		4,801,245			4,240,319			4,192,761			4,210,336			4,231,404

INCOME STATEMENT INFORMATION
Years Ended December 31
Total interest income	$	20,469		$	17,379		$	16,932		$	16,734		$	18,170
Total interest expense		2,268			2,042			2,598			2,900			3,648
Net interest income		18,201			15,337			14,334			13,834			14,522
Provision for loan losses		466			502			357			415			1,411
Other income		5,418			4,505			4,334			4,233			4,592
Other expenses		17,178			16,199			13,570			13,146			13,077
Income before income taxes		5,975			3,141			4,741			4,506			4,626
Federal income tax expense		819			83			525			505			978
Net income	$	5,156		$	3,058		$	4,216		$	4,001		$	3,648

PER SHARE DATA
Earnings per share - basic	$	1.07		$	0.72		$	1.01		$	0.95		$	0.86
Earnings per share - diluted		1.07			0.72			1.01			0.95			0.86
Cash dividends		0.88			0.88			0.88			0.88			0.88
Book value		12.43			12.50			11.91			11.91			11.92

FINANCIAL RATIOS
Return on average assets		0.89	%		0.62	%		0.90	%		0.89	%		0.80	%
Return on average equity		8.42			5.98			8.31			8.07			7.33
Dividend payout		81.96			120.57			87.52			92.65			102.08
Average equity to average assets		10.60			10.45			10.77			11.02			10.96
Loans to deposits (year end)		82.39			81.94			76.80			72.57			70.90

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

The information contained in this Annual Report contains forward looking statements (as such term is defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the regulations thereunder) including statements which are not historical facts or that reflect trends or management's intentions, plans, beliefs, expectations or opinions. Such forward looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and may be affected by various factors which may cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward looking statements including, without limitation:

the impact of adverse changes in the economy and real estate markets, including protracted periods of low-growth and sluggish loan demand;

the effect of market interest rates, particularly following a period of low market interest rates and current market uncertainties, and relative balances of rate-sensitive assets to rate-sensitive liabilities, on net interest margin and net interest income;

the effect of competition on rates of deposit and loan growth and net interest margin;

increases in non-performing assets, which may result in increases in the allowance for credit losses, loan charge-offs and elevated collection and carrying costs related to such non-performing assets;

other income growth, including the impact of regulatory changes which have reduced debit card interchange revenue; investment securities gains and losses, including other than temporary declines in the value of securities which may result in charges to earnings;

the level of other expenses, including salaries and employee benefit expenses;

the increasing time and expense associated with regulatory compliance and risk management; the uncertainty and lack of clear regulatory guidance associated with the delay in implementing many of the regulations mandated by the Dodd Frank Act;

capital and liquidity strategies, including the expected impact of the capital and liquidity requirements modified by the Basel III standards;

changes in the applicable federal income tax rate that could result in the reversal of net deferred tax assets and the reduction of current tax expense;

the Company’s failure to identify and to address cyber-security risks;

the Company’s ability to keep pace with technological changes;

the Company’s ability to attract and retain talented personnel;

the Company’s reliance on its subsidiary for substantially all of its revenues and its ability to pay dividends;

the effects of changes in relevant accounting principles and guidelines on the Company’s financial condition: and

failure of third party service providers to perform their contractual obligations.

Certain of these risks, uncertainties and other factors are discussed in this Annual Report or in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, a copy of which may be obtained from the Company upon request and without charge (except for the exhibits thereto).

OVERVIEW

This discussion concerns Juniata Valley Financial Corp. (“Company” or “Juniata”) and its wholly owned subsidiary, The Juniata Valley Bank (“Bank”). The overview is intended to provide a context for the following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included in this annual report. We have attempted to identify the most important matters on which our management focuses in evaluating our financial condition and operating performance and the short-term and long-term opportunities, challenges and risks (including material trends and uncertainties) which we face. We also discuss the actions we are taking to address these opportunities, challenges and risks. The Overview is not intended as a summary of, or a substitute for review of, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Nature of Operations

Juniata is a bank holding company that delivers financial services within its market, primarily central Pennsylvania. The Company owns one bank, the Bank, which provides retail and commercial banking services through 15 offices in Juniata, Mifflin, Perry, Huntingdon, McKean, Potter and Centre counties. On November 30, 2015, Juniata acquired FNBPA Bancorp, Inc. (“FNBPA”), a Pennsylvania corporation. Under the terms of a merger agreement between the parties, FNBPA merged with and into Juniata, with Juniata continuing as the surviving entity. Simultaneously with the consummation of the foregoing merger, First National Bank of Port Allegany (“FNB”), a nationally chartered bank and wholly-owned subsidiary of FNBPA, merged with and into The Juniata Valley Bank, a Pennsylvania state-chartered bank and wholly-owned subsidiary of Juniata. The trade name “JVB Northern Tier” is used to reference the former offices and service area of FNB. Additionally, Juniata owns 39.16% of Liverpool Community Bank ("LCB"), carried as an unconsolidated subsidiary and accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

The Bank provides a full range of consumer and commercial services. Consumer services include Internet, mobile and telephone banking, an automated teller machine network, personal checking accounts, interest checking accounts, savings accounts, insured money market accounts, debit cards, certificates of deposit, club accounts, secured and unsecured installment loans, construction and mortgage loans, safe deposit facilities, credit lines with overdraft checking protection, individual retirement accounts, health savings accounts, on-line bill payment and other on-line and mobile services. Commercial banking services include small and high-volume business checking accounts, on-line account management services, ACH origination, payroll direct deposit, commercial lines and letters of credit, commercial term and demand loans and repurchase agreements.

The Bank also provides a variety of trust, asset management and estate services. The Bank offers annuities, mutual funds, stock and bond brokerage services and long-term care insurance products through an arrangement with a broker-dealer and insurance brokers. Management believes the Company has a relatively stable deposit base with no major seasonal depositor or group of depositors. Most of the Company’s commercial customers are small and mid-sized businesses in central Pennsylvania.

Economic and Industry-Wide Factors Relevant to Juniata

As a financial services organization, Juniata’s core business is most influenced by the movement of interest rates. Lending and investing is done daily, using funding from deposits and borrowings, resulting in net interest income, the most significant portion of operating results. Through the use of asset/liability management tools, the Company continually evaluates the effects that possible changes in interest rates could have on operating results and balance sheet growth. Using this information, along with analysis of competitive factors, management designs and prices its products and services.

General economic conditions are relevant to Juniata’s business. In addition, economic factors impact customers’ needs for financing, thus affecting loan growth. Additionally, changes in the economy can directly impact the credit strength of existing and potential borrowers.

Focus of Management

The management of Juniata believes that it is important to know who and what we are in order to be successful. We must be aligned in our efforts to achieve goals. We’ve identified the four characteristics that define the Company and the personnel that support it. We are Committed, Capable, Caring and Connected . Management seeks to be the preeminent financial institution in its market area and measures its success by five key elements.

Shareholder Satisfaction

Above all else, management is committed to maximizing the value of our shareholders’ investment, through both stock value appreciation and dividend returns. Remaining connected to our communities will allow us to identify the financial needs of our market and to deliver those products and services capably . In doing so, we will profitably grow the balance sheet and enhance core earnings, while maintaining capital and liquidity levels well exceeding all regulatory guidelines.

Customer Relationships

We are committed to maximizing customer satisfaction. We are sensitive to the expanding array of financial services and financial service providers available to our customers, both locally and globally. We are committed to fostering a complete customer relationship by helping clients identify their current and future financial needs and offering practical and affordable solutions to both. As our customers’ lifestyles change, the channels through which we deliver our services must change as well. One element of the Company’s strategic plan is to provide connection through every means available, wherever we are needed, whether through a stand-alone branch, in-store boutique, ATM or via on-line and mobile banking anywhere internet or cell phone signals can be received.

Balance Sheet Growth

We are capable of profitable balance sheet growth. Rapid growth should not be a substitute for careful fiscal and strategic management. It is our goal to continue quality growth despite intense competition by paying careful attention to the needs of our customers. We will continue to maintain high credit standards, knowing that lending under the right circumstances is the proper way to maintain soundness and profitability. We believe we consistently pay fair market rates on all deposits, and have invested wisely and conservatively in compliance with self-imposed standards, minimizing risk of asset impairment. We aspire to increase our market share within the current communities that we serve, and to expand in contiguous areas through acquisition and investment. As part of our strategic plan for growth, we continue to actively seek opportunities for acquisitions of branches or stakes in other financial institutions, similar to those that have occurred in prior years. Late in 2015, we consummated one such acquisition and have completed integration of the operation of our JVB Northern Tier region.

Operating Results

We are capable of producing profitability ratios that exceed those of many of our peers. Recognizing that net interest margins have narrowed for banks in general and that they may not return to the ranges experienced in the past, we also focus on the importance of providing fee-generating services in which customers find value. Offering a broad array of services prevents us from becoming too reliant on one form of revenue. It has also been our philosophy to spend conservatively and to implement operating efficiencies where possible to keep non-interest expense from escalating in areas that can be controlled. In 2016, we continued to make advances in technological resources, placing data and information in the hands of our customers and employees, committed to optimizing the customer experience.

Connection to the Community

We are active corporate citizens of the communities we serve. Although the world of banking has transitioned to global availability through electronics, we believe that our community banking philosophy is not only still valid, but essential. Despite technological advances, banking is still a personal business, particularly in the rural areas we serve. We believe that our customers shop for services and value a relationship with an institution involved in the same community, with the same interests in its prosperity. We have a foundation and a history in each of the communities we serve. Management takes an active role in local business and industry development organizations to help attract and retain commerce in our market area. We provide businesses, large and small, with financial tools and financing needed to grow and prosper. We have always been committed to responsible lending practices. We invest locally by including local municipal bonds in our investment portfolio and participating in funding for such projects as low income and elderly housing. We support charitable programs that benefit the local communities, not only with monetary contributions, but also through the personal involvement of our caring employees.

Juniata’s Opportunities

Soundness and stability

Our financial condition is strong. We enjoy strong capital and liquidity ratios that significantly exceed regulatory guidelines. Our business model includes a plan for growth without sacrificing profitability or integrity. We believe an opportunity exists for banks such as ours to offer the trusted, personal service of a locally managed institution that has roots in the community reaching back 150 years.

Expansion of customer base

Our strategic focus is based on leveraging our collective knowledge of the Company’s primary and contiguous markets to identify lending or fee-based opportunities consistent with our risk parameters and profitability targets. We continue to develop our sales team through mentoring and by making employee education paramount. We continually seek and implement back-room efficiencies. We recognize change is taking place in a world where convenience and mobility are priorities for consumers and businesses when choosing a financial institution with whom to do business. We offer full-featured secure mobile banking that includes remote check deposit for use on home computers and all mobile devices for consumers. For businesses, we provide options for cash management and remote deposit. We offer identity protection to the families of our customers, which we believe to be a true value-added service, with features that go far beyond traditional banking services, and sets us apart from other financial institutions in our market area. On November 30, 2015, with the acquisition of FNBPA, we expanded our market into the northern tier region of Pennsylvania and have integrated the JVB brand there.

Delivery system enhancements

We seek to continually enhance our customer delivery system, both through technology and physical facilities. We actively seek opportunities to expand our branch network through acquisitions. We believe that it is imperative that our customers have convenient and easy access to personal financial services that complement their particular lifestyle, whether it is through electronic or personal delivery. We achieved an early entry into the mobile banking arena in 2011 and have since expanded online delivery each year following, including consumer remote deposit and Touch ID. Our suite of online services includes the convenience of online loan applications for residential mortgages, home equity, vehicle and other personal loans. Online and mobile banking features include full bill-pay and monetary transfers between internal and external accounts. Our ATM network is equipped with all highly functional state-of-the art machines. Our Customer Care Center became operational in 2016, providing dedicated service to address all customer inquiries and provide outreach through our new social media sites. In 2016, we introduced mobile deposit for our small business customers through our business mobile app. The rollout of a fully redesigned JVBonline.com website was completed in 2016 as well. In 2017, online deposit account opening will become available and construction will be completed on a new branch facility, featuring a highly interactive and complete customer experience.

Juniata’s Challenges

Net interest margin compression

Low market interest rates have pressured the net interest margin for most banks, including Juniata, in recent years. Loans have been originated, acquired or repriced at lower rates, reducing the average rate earned on those assets. While the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings, has also declined, the decline has not always occurred at the same pace as the decline in the average rate earned on interest-earning assets, which can result in a narrowing of the net interest margin. We believe that increasing the net interest margin will continue to be a challenge until general market rates rise more significantly.

Competition

Each year, competition becomes more intense and global in nature. To meet this challenge, we attempt to stay in close contact with our customers, monitoring their satisfaction with our services through surveys, personal visits and networking in the communities we serve. We strive to meet or exceed our customers’ expectations and deliver consistent high-quality service. We believe that our customers have become acutely aware of the value of local service, and we strive to maintain their confidence.

Rate environment

We intend to continue making what we believe to be rational pricing decisions for loans, deposits and non-deposit products. This strategy can be difficult to maintain, as many of our peers appear to continue pricing for growth, rather than long-term profitability and stability. We believe that a strategy of “growth for the sake of growth” results in lower profitability, and such actions by large groups of banks have had an adverse impact on the entire financial services industry. We intend to maintain our core pricing principles, which we believe protect and preserve our future as a sound community financial services provider, proven by results.

Regulated Company

The Company is subject to banking regulation, as well as regulation by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and, as such, must comply with many laws, including the USA Patriot Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”) and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Management has established a Disclosure Committee for Financial Reporting, an internal group at Juniata that seeks to ensure that current and potential investors in the Company receive full and complete information concerning our financial condition. Juniata has incurred direct and indirect costs associated with compliance with the SEC’s filing and reporting requirements imposed on public companies by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as adherence to new and existing banking regulations and stronger corporate governance requirements. Regulatory burdens continue to increase as evidenced by the provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act that impact the Company in the areas of corporate governance, capital requirements and restrictions on fees that may be charged to consumers.

APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared based upon the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), the most significant of which are described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. Certain of these policies, particularly with respect to allowance for loan losses and the investment portfolio, require numerous estimates and economic assumptions, based upon information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. As such, over time, they may prove inaccurate or vary and may significantly affect the Company’s reported results and financial position in future periods.

The accounting policy for establishing the allowance for loan losses relies to a greater extent on the use of estimates than other areas and, as such, has a greater possibility of producing results that could be different from those currently reported. Changes in underlying factors, assumptions or estimates in the allowance for loan losses could have a material impact on the Company’s future financial condition and results of operations. The section of this Annual Report to Shareholders entitled “Allowance for Loan Losses” provides management’s analysis of the Company’s allowance for loan losses and related provision expense. The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb probable losses in the loan portfolio. Management’s determination of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is based upon an evaluation of individual credits in the loan portfolio, historical loan loss experience, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This determination is inherently subjective, as it requires material estimates, including the amounts and timing of future cash flows expected to be received on impaired loans that may be susceptible to significant change.

Considerations used by management to determine other-than-temporary impairment status of individual holdings within the investment securities portfolio are based partially upon estimations of fair value and potential for recovery. As market conditions and perception can unpredictably affect the value of individual investments in the future, these determinations could have a material impact on the Company’s future financial condition and results of operations.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

2016

Financial Performance Overview

Net income for Juniata in 2016 was $5,156,000, representing a 68.6% increase as compared to net income for 2015. The comparability of the results of operations for 2016 were significantly impacted by the acquisition of FNBPA Bancorp, Inc. (“FNBPA”) on November 30, 2015, which increased loans and deposits by approximately $47 million and $78 million, respectively, on that date. During the integration of the new market area products were standardized and customer fee structures were made uniform while efficiencies and economies of scale were identified and implemented throughout the year in 2016. Additionally, Juniata incurred non-interest expense in conjunction with the acquisition in both 2016 and 2015 of $347,000 and $1,806,000, respectively, as well as a gain on the sale of certain loans obtained in the acquisition. Exclusive of these expenses and gain and the corresponding tax impact, net income for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $5,310,000, an increase of $941,000, or 21.5%, over net income of $4,369,000 in 2015. Operating results included those of FNBPA beginning on December 1, 2015.

Earnings per share on a fully diluted basis increased from $0.72 in 2015 to $1.07, in 2016. When adjusted for the impact of tax-effected non-recurring merger and acquisition items, earnings per share was $1.11 in 2016 as compared to $1.03 in 2015. The net interest margin, on a fully tax-equivalent basis, increased from 3.56% in 2015 to 3.57% in 2016. The ratio of non-interest income (excluding gains on sales of securities) to average assets declined slightly from 0.92% in 2015 to 0.90% in 2016, while the ratio of non-interest expense to average assets decreased by 33 basis points to 2.98%. Of the 33 basis point improvement in the non-interest expense ratio, 31 basis points was due to the reduction in merger-related expenses. Because the Company has varying levels of merger and acquisition-related costs and revenues, Management believes it is meaningful for a performance comparison presentation to segregate and exclude those items in a non-GAAP disclosure. Five-year historical ratios are presented below, followed by a reconciliation of non-GAAP comparative disclosures for the most recent three years.

	2016			2015			2014			2013			2012

Return on average assets		0.89	%		0.62	%		0.90	%		0.89	%		0.80	%
Return on average equity		8.42			5.98			8.31			8.07			7.33
Yield on earning assets		3.87			3.88			3.94			4.09			4.39
Cost to fund earning assets		0.43			0.59			0.60			0.71			0.88
Net interest margin (fully tax equivalent)		3.57			3.56			3.48			3.53			3.68
Non-interest income (excluding gains on sales or calls of securities and securities impairment charges) to average assets		0.90			0.92			0.92			0.94			1.01
Non-interest expense to average assets		2.98			3.31			2.88			2.92			2.88
Net non-interest expense to average assets		2.08			2.39			1.96			1.98			1.87

Non-GAAP presentation of comparative net income and performance ratios	2016			2015			2014
Net Income, as reported	$	5,156		$	3,058		$	4,216
Merger and acquisition costs		347			1,806			-
Merger-related gains on sale of loans		(113	)		-			-
Tax impact of merger and acquisition costs		(80	)		(495	)		-
Net income, exclusive of merger and acquisition costs, net of corresponding tax impact	$	5,310		$	4,369		$	4,216
Return on average assets, adjusted		0.92	%		0.89	%		0.90	%
Return on average equity, adjusted		8.68	%		8.54	%		8.31	%
Earnings per share, adjusted	$	1.11		$	1.03		$	1.01

Juniata strives to attain consistently high earnings levels each year by protecting the core (repeatable) earnings base through conservative growth strategies that minimize stockholder and balance-sheet risk, while serving its rural Pennsylvania customer base. This approach has helped achieve solid performances year after year. The Company considers the return on assets (“ROA”) ratio to be a key indicator of its success and constantly scrutinizes the broad categories of the income statement that impact this profitability indicator. Summarized below are the components of net income (in thousands of dollars) and the contribution of each to ROA for 2016 and 2015.

	2016						2015
				% of Average						% of Average
				Assets						Assets
Net interest income	$	18,201			3.15	%	$	15,337			3.13	%
Provision for loan losses		(466	)		(0.08	)		(502	)		(0.10	)

Customer service fees		1,736			0.30			1,563			0.32
Debit card fee income		1,044			0.18			866			0.18
BOLI		371			0.06			378			0.08
Trust fees		454			0.08			396			0.08
Commissions from sales of non-deposit products		223			0.04			347			0.07
Income from unconsolidated subsidiary		222			0.04			238			0.05
Insurance-related gains		364			0.06			98			0.02
Security gains		218			0.04			13			0.00
Mortgage banking income		158			0.03			190			0.04
Other noninterest income		628			0.11			416			0.09
Total noninterest income		5,418			0.94			4,505			0.92

Employee expense		(9,184	)		(1.59	)		(7,911	)		(1.62	)
Occupancy and equipment		(1,798	)		(0.31	)		(1,558	)		(0.32	)
Data processing expense		(1,807	)		(0.31	)		(1,589	)		(0.32	)
Director compensation		(238	)		(0.04	)		(192	)		(0.04	)
Professional fees		(539	)		(0.09	)		(430	)		(0.09	)
Taxes, other than income		(437	)		(0.08	)		(368	)		(0.08	)
FDIC insurance premiums		(375	)		(0.06	)		(318	)		(0.06	)
(Loss) gain on sales of other real estate owned		(150	)		(0.03	)		14			0.00
Intangible amortization		(105	)		(0.02	)		(51	)		(0.01	)
Merger and acquisition expense		(347	)		(0.06	)		(1,806	)		(0.37	)
Amortization of investment in partnership		(479	)		(0.08	)		(479	)		(0.10	)
Other noninterest expense		(1,719	)		(0.30	)		(1,511	)		(0.31	)
Total noninterest expense		(17,178	)		(2.98	)		(16,199	)		(3.31	)

Income tax expense		(819	)		(0.14	)		(83	)		(0.02	)
Net income	$	5,156			0.89	%	$	3,058			0.62	%

Average assets	$	577,341					$	489,323

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is the amount by which interest income on earning assets exceeds interest expense on interest bearing liabilities. Net interest income is the most significant component of revenue, comprising approximately 78% of total revenues (the total of net interest income and non-interest income, exclusive of security gains) for 2016. Interest spread measures the absolute difference between average rates earned and average rates paid. Because some interest earning assets are tax-exempt, an adjustment is made for analytical purposes to present all assets on a fully tax-equivalent basis. Net interest margin is the percentage of net return on average earning assets on a fully tax-equivalent basis and provides a measure of comparability of a financial institution’s performance.

Both net interest income and net interest margin are impacted by interest rate changes, changes in the relationships between various rates and changes in the composition of the average balance sheet. Additionally, product pricing, product mix and customer preferences dictate the composition of the balance sheet and the resulting net interest income. Table 1 shows average asset and liability balances, average interest rates and interest income and expense for the years 2016, 2015 and 2014. Table 2 further shows changes attributable to the volume and rate components of net interest income.

Table 1

AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS AND NET INTEREST INCOME ANALYSIS

(Dollars in thousands)

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016								2015								2014
	Average								Average								Average
ASSETS	Balance					Yield/			Balance					Yield/			Balance					Yield/
	(1)			Interest		Rate			(1)			Interest		Rate			(1)			Interest		Rate
Interest earning assets:
Loans:
Taxable (5)	$	348,914		$	16,653		4.77	%	$	280,920		$	13,894		4.95	%	$	260,613		$	13,840		5.31	%
Tax-exempt		30,263			906		2.99			25,208			751		2.98			20,995			625		2.98
Total loans (8)		379,177			17,559		4.63			306,128			14,645		4.78			281,608			14,465		5.14
Investment securities:
Taxable		124,611			2,475		1.99			112,459			2,267		2.02			111,649			1,950		1.75
Tax-exempt		23,807			418		1.76			28,687			465		1.62			34,203			513		1.50
Total investment securities		148,418			2,893		1.95			141,146			2,732		1.94			145,852			2,463		1.69

Interest bearing deposits		770			13		1.69			597			2		0.34			1,368			3		0.23
Federal funds sold		675			4		0.52			32			0		0.25			455			1		0.22
Total interest earning assets		529,040			20,469		3.87			447,903			17,379		3.88			429,283			16,932		3.94

Non-interest earning assets:
Cash and due from banks		9,553								7,417								7,618
Allowance for loan losses		(2,572	)							(2,349	)							(2,313	)
Premises and equipment		7,017								6,506								6,314
Other assets (7)		34,303								29,846								29,758
Total assets	$	577,341							$	489,323							$	470,660
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Interest bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits (2)	$	121,479			253		0.21		$	98,618			161		0.16		$	97,920			163		0.17
Savings deposits		96,869			102		0.11			74,268			76		0.10			65,275			65		0.10
Time deposits		139,387			1,456		1.04			130,843			1,440		1.10			147,745			2,128		1.44
Other, including short and long-term borrowings, and other interest bearing liabilities		46,310			457		0.99			44,941			365		0.81			27,589			242		0.88
Total interest bearing liabilities		404,045			2,268		0.56			348,670			2,042		0.59			338,529			2,598		0.77

Non-interest bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits		105,536								84,295								77,399
Other		6,551								5,227								4,028
Stockholders' equity		61,209								51,131								50,704
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	577,341							$	489,323							$	470,660

Net interest income				$	18,201							$	15,337							$	14,334
Net margin on interest earning assets (3)							3.44	%							3.42	%							3.34	%
Net interest income and margin -
Tax equivalent basis (4)				$	18,883		3.57	%				$	15,964		3.56	%				$	14,920		3.48	%

Notes:

(1)

Average balances were calculated using a daily average.

(2)

Includes interest-bearing demand and money market accounts.

(3)

Net margin on interest earning assets is net interest income divided by average interest earning assets.

(4)

Interest on obligations of states and municipalities is not subject to federal income tax. In order to make the net yield comparable on a fully taxable basis, a tax equivalent adjustment is applied against the tax-exempt income utilizing a federal tax rate of 34%.

Table 2

RATE - VOLUME ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST INCOME

(Dollars in thousands)

	2016 Compared to 2015									2015 Compared to 2014
	Increase (Decrease) Due To (6)									Increase (Decrease) Due To (6)
	Volume			Rate			Total			Volume			Rate			Total

Interest earning assets:
Loans:
Taxable (5)	$	3,260		$	(501	)	$	2,759		$	1,039		$	(985	)	$	54
Tax-exempt		151			4			155			126			-			126
Total loans (8)		3,411			(497	)		2,914			1,165			(985	)		180
Investment securities:
Taxable		242			(34	)		208			14			303			317
Tax-exempt		(84	)		37			(47	)		(87	)		39			(48	)
Total investment securities		158			3			161			(73	)		342			269

Interest bearing deposits		1			10			11			(2	)		1			(1	)
Federal funds sold		4			-			4			(1	)		-			(1	)
Total interest earning assets		3,574			(484	)		3,090			1,089			(642	)		447

Interest bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits (2)		42			50			92			1			(3	)		(2	)
Savings deposits		24			2			26			9			2			11
Time deposits		91			(75	)		16			(225	)		(463	)		(688	)
Other, including short-term borrowings, and other interest bearing liabilities		11			81			92			142			(19	)		123
Total interest bearing liabilities		168			58			226			(73	)		(483	)		(556	)

Net interest income	$	3,406		$	(542	)	$	2,864		$	1,162		$	(159	)	$	1,003

(5)

Non-accruing loans are included in the above table until they are charged off.

(6)

The change in interest due to rate and volume has been allocated to volume and rate changes in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.

(7)

Includes net unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale: $(1,302) in 2016, $897 in 2015 and $(38) in 2014.

(8)

Interest income includes loan fees of $78, $93 and $153, in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

On average, total loans outstanding in 2016 increased from 2015 by 23.9%, to $379,177,000. Average yields on loans decreased by 15 basis points in 2016 when compared to 2015. As shown in the preceding Rate – Volume Analysis of Net Interest Income Table 2, the decrease in yield reduced interest income on loans by approximately $497,000, while the increase in volume increased interest income by $3,411,000, resulting in an aggregate increase in interest recorded on loans of $2,914,000. The increase in average loan volumes in 2016 was due to two factors, nearly equal in impact; the acquisition of FNBPA and organic growth. The prime rate increased by 25 basis points in December 2015 after 7 years unchanged. It remained at 3.50% throughout 2016 until mid-December when it increased by 25 basis points to 3.75%. Increased yield on prime-related loans in 2016 was offset by new loans originating at lower rates than maturing loans.

During 2016, cash flows from maturities, sales and repayments of investment securities were primarily used to fund a portion of the loan growth and to reinvest in the investment portfolio. Additional funds from deposit growth were likewise invested in the securities portfolio. As a result, average balances of investment securities increased by $7,272,000, and this volume increase accounted for a $158,000 increase in interest income as compared to 2015. The improvement in the overall yield of the investment portfolio between 2015 and 2016 further increased net interest income by $3,000.

In total, yield on earning assets in 2016 was 3.87% as compared to 3.88% in 2015, a decrease of 1 basis point. On a fully tax equivalent basis, yield on earning assets decreased from 4.02% in 2015 to 4.00% in 2016.

Average interest bearing liabilities increased by $55,375,000 in 2016, as compared to 2015. Within the categories of interest bearing liabilities, deposits increased on average by $54,006,000, and borrowings increased by $1,369,000 on average. Deposits assumed in the merger with FNBPA were the primary reason for the increase in average deposits. In total, average interest bearing transaction accounts and savings accounts increased $45,462,000 while average time deposits increased $8,544,000. In 2016, time deposits accounted for 39.0% of total interest-bearing deposits. During 2015 and 2014, time deposits represented 43.1% and 47.5%, respectively, of all interest-bearing deposits. Changes in total interest-bearing liabilities increased interest expense by $168,000 in 2016 as compared to 2015, while changes in interest rates further increased interest expense by $58,000. Non-interest bearing liabilities used to fund earning assets included demand deposits, which increased $21,241,000 on average. The percentage of interest earning assets funded by non-interest bearing liabilities was approximately 23.6% in 2016 versus 22.2% in 2015. The total cost to fund earning assets (computed by dividing the total interest expense by the total average earning assets) in 2016 was 0.43%, as compared to 0.46% in 2015.

Net interest income was $18,201,000 for 2016, an increase of $2,864,000 when compared to 2015. Increases in volumes contributed $3,406,000 toward the improved net interest income, partially offset by a $542,000 reduction of net interest income due to rate changes.

Provision for Loan Losses

Juniata’s provision for loan losses is determined as a result of an analysis of the adequacy level of the allowance for loan losses. In order to closely reflect the potential losses within the current loan portfolio based upon current information known, the Company carries no unallocated allowance. Using the process of analysis described in “Application of Critical Accounting Policies” earlier in this discussion, the Company determined that a provision of $466,000 was appropriate for 2015, a decrease of $36,000 when compared to 2015 when the total loan loss provision was $502,000. The lower provision in 2016 primarily resulted from the relatively unchanged loan volumes in 2016 versus 2015; in 2016, the provision exceeded net charge-offs by $245,000. The discussion included in the Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses in the section below titled “Financial Condition” explains the information and analysis used to arrive at the provision for 2016.

Non-interest Income

The Company remains committed to providing comprehensive services and products to meet the current and future financial needs of our customers. We believe that our responsiveness to customers’ needs surpasses that of our competitors, and we measure our success by the customer acceptance of fee-based services. We continually explore avenues to enhance product offerings in areas beneficial to customers. We offer a variety of options for financing to home-buyers that includes a secondary market lending program, providing significant fee income. We continue to add new features and services for our electronic banking clientele. We make fraud protection services available to all consumer depositors. We provide alternative investment opportunities through an arrangement with a broker dealer, and integrate the delivery of non–traditional products with our Trust and Wealth Management Division. This arrangement enables us to meet the investment needs of a varied customer base and to better identify our clients’ needs for traditional trust services.

Fee-generated non-interest revenues consist of customer service fees derived from deposit accounts, trust relationships and sales of non-deposit products. In 2016, revenues from these services totaled $2,413,000, representing an increase of $107,000, or 4.6%, from 2015 revenues, primarily due to increases in fees earned from customer deposit services. Total fees from customer deposits increased by $173,000, or 11.1%, due primarily to larger customer base resulting from the FNBPA acquisition that closed on November 30, 2015. Fees from estate settlements increased by $41,000, or 56.2%, in 2016 as compared to 2015, and non-estate fees increased by $17,000, or 5.3%. Variance in fees from estate settlements occurs because estate settlements occur sporadically and are not necessarily consistent year to year. Non-estate fees are repeatable revenues that generally increase and decrease in relation to movements in interest rates as market values of trust assets under management increase or decrease and as new relationships are established. Commissions from sales of non-deposit products decreased in 2016, in comparison to 2015, by $124,000, or 35.7%, as sales declined.

Fees generated by debit card activity increased by $178,000, or 20.6%, in 2016 as compared to the prior year. General increased usage of debit cards was augmented by the increased service area in the Company’s Northern Tier market.

Fees and income derived from the origination, sale and servicing of residential mortgage loans (mortgage banking income) was $158,000 in 2016, a decrease of $32,000, or 16.8%, compared to 2015, as activity declined. Other non-interest-related fees derived from loan activity increased by $45,000 when comparing 2016 to 2015, primarily due to revenues generated from title insurance fees. Gains of $364,000 and $98,000 were recorded in 2016 and 2015, respectively, as a result of life insurance claims.

The Company owns 39.16% of the stock of Liverpool Community Bank (“LCB”) and accounts for its ownership through the equity method. As such, 39.16% of the income of LCB is recorded by Juniata as non-interest income. As a result of this investment, $222,000 was recorded as income in 2016, compared to $238,000 in 2015. Earnings on bank-owned life insurance and annuities decreased in 2016 by $7,000, or 1.9%, when compared to the previous year, because investment in BOLI was lower, and crediting rates were reduced.

In 2016, student loans that were included in the FNBPA acquisition were sold, generating an accounting gain of $113,000; no similar corresponding gain was recorded in the 2015 period. Gains realized from the sale and calls of investment securities during 2016 were $218,000, compared to $13,000 during 2015.

As a percentage of average assets, non-interest income (excluding securities gains and losses) was 0.90% and 0.92% in 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Non-interest Expense

Management strives to control non-interest expense where possible in order to achieve maximum operating results.

In 2016, total non-interest expense increased by $979,000, or 6.0%, when compared to 2015. The primary driver in the change in non-interest expense was attributable to merger and acquisition costs of $347,000 and $1,806,000 recorded in 2016 and 2015, respectively. Exclusive of these costs, non-interest expense increased by $2,438,000, or 16.9%. Compensation expense for 2016 increased by $788,000 as compared to 2015, due to a number of offsetting factors, including the full year effect of the increase in full-time equivalent employment (due to the addition of personnel from JVB Northern Tier), lower commissions paid for sales of non-deposit products, and higher levels of accruals for employee incentive bonus, pursuant to the Company’s Employee Annual Incentive Plan. Costs of employee benefits was $485,000 higher in 2016 than in 2015. Payroll taxes increased, as a result of higher employee compensation costs, and the cost of providing medical coverage within the Company’s self-funded plan increased by $245,000. Additionally, costs associated with maintaining the Company’s defined benefit plans increased by $109,000 in 2016 versus 2015 and employer contributions to the defined contribution plan increased by $71,000. Also included in the increase of employee benefit expense was $64,000 relating to accelerated vesting for a supplemental retirement arrangement following the death of a participant.

Data processing expense increased by $218,000, or 13.7%, in 2016 as compared to 2015, as a result of an increased number of customer accounts serviced, in addition to new on-line features being made available to customers, such as on-line consumer loan applications. Occupancy and equipment expense increased in the aggregate by $240,000, or 15.4%, due to the maintenance, real estate taxes and upgraded equipment necessary to standardize the new Northern Tier offices, as well as maintenance and repairs in other facilities and equipment. Costs associated with loan documentation and foreclosure activities (included in “other non-interest expense) increased in 2016 as compared to 2015 by $91,000. The increase in “other non-interest expense” also included higher regulatory assessments of $75,000, due to the increased asset size of the Company.

Amortization expense associated with the Bank’s investment in a low-income housing project, which first became applicable during the second quarter of 2013, was more than offset by the recording of the benefit of the tax credit from the project in both 2016 and 2015. Amortization was $479,000 in both 2016 and 2015. Amortization is scheduled to continue through 2023 at similar amounts.

Variances in director compensation, professional fees, FDIC insurance premiums, non-income taxes, amortization of intangibles and net gains and losses on sales of assets, which in the aggregate, increased 37.1% in 2016 versus 2015, are due to the increased asset size of the Company following the late 2015 FNBPA acquisition.

As a percentage of average assets, non-interest expense was 2.98% in 2016 as compared to 3.31% in 2015. Exclusive of merger and acquisition expenses, the ratio was 2.92% in 2016 versus 2.94% in 2015.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense for 2016 amounted to $819,000 versus $83,000 in 2015. Both periods included the effect of a tax credit in the amount of $570,000. The tax credit was available to the Company as a result of an equity investment in a low income housing project. The effective tax rate in 2016 was 13.7% versus 2.6% in 2015. See Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on income taxes.

Net Income

For comparative purposes, the following table sets forth earnings, in thousands of dollars, and selected earnings ratios for the past three years.

As reported	2016			2015			2014
Net Income	$	5,156		$	3,058		$	4,216
Return on average assets		0.89	%		0.62	%		0.90	%
Return on average equity		8.42	%		5.98	%		8.31	%

Outlook for 2017

Despite a 25 basis point increase in mid-December 2016, both the national prime rate and the federal funds rate have remained at a historically low levels since 2008. We expect, and are prepared for, the interest rate environment to begin to change more significantly in 2017. And, because rate movement can occur quickly and significantly, we are managing our interest sensitive assets and liabilities with an understanding of the rate risk involved with rapidly rising rates. We enter 2017 with cautious optimism for economic growth which could spark lending opportunities, and the potential of de-regulation for community banking. Our focus will remain on identifying opportunities for fee services, and delivering service enhancements throughout our market area. We will maintain the conservative lending and investing philosophies and responsible deposit pricing that have resulted in our healthy net interest margin and solid balance sheet.

Also necessary to our success is the satisfaction level of our customers and employees. In recent years, we have introduced many new avenues of service delivery through technology, and continue to evaluate new technology. We’ve enhanced our consumer mobile banking apps with remote deposit, enabling quick and easy deposit of checks, and now offer the same functionality to our small business owners through our business mobile app. Consumer mobile banking was further enhanced with Touch ID, giving our customers even faster, more responsive mobile banking experience. We added to our online banking the ease and convenience of consumer loan applications. With a re-designed and updated website, in which we incorporated a chat feature, we expect to further our outreach to the segment of the population that prefers to do business on-line. But for those who do not, we maintain fully staffed offices throughout our market area and plan to unveil a newly constructed and progressively designed branch in Juniata County that will offer a highly interactive and complete customer experience. Lastly, our new Customer Care Center is now our dedicated resource for all manner of customer inquiries and plans to expand our social media presence in 2017.

Expanding our customer base and enhancing our engagement with our customers remain priorities. In 2016, we expanded our marketing efforts to reach a broader consumer base. We believe that it is imperative that all consumers have convenient and easy access to personal financial services that complement their changing lifestyles, whether through electronic or personal delivery. Convenience and mobility remain priorities for a large segment of the population in deciding with whom one will do business, and thus we have made it our priority to provide such convenience.

In recent years, attempts to defraud consumers have continued to grow. For several years we have had mechanisms in place to detect and thwart fraud attempts against our customers before monetary loss. We believe our customers value the service. We reach beyond fraud detection on singular deposit accounts and provide the opportunity for full ID protection for families of our depositors. This service accompanies a complete line-up of accounts, designed to support the lifestyles and needs of our clientele. While over 80% of our consumer account holders are taking advantage of this service, we plan to continue marketing more broadly its features and benefits to further increase deposit market share, particularly in our new Northern Tier region.

Additionally, in 2017, our business development plan continued to expand and reward more horizontal integration, extending the opportunities for cross selling across departmental lines. We strive to be the financial services provider of choice to those within our market area.

Management is aware of the challenges facing us in the coming year. We are positioned to reward our stockholders with a good return on their investment in our Company while maintaining strong capital and liquidity levels. The confidence of our stockholders and the trust of our community are vital to our ongoing success.

2015

Financial Performance Overview

Net income for Juniata in 2015 was $3,058,000, representing a 27.4% decrease as compared to net income for 2014. The comparability of the results of operations for 2015 were significantly impacted by the acquisition of FNBPA Bancorp, Inc. (“FNBPA”) on November 30, 2015. Juniata incurred $1,806,000 of non-recurring expense in conjunction with the acquisition of FNBPA during 2015. Exclusive of these expenses and the corresponding tax impact, net income for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $4,369,000, an increase of $153,000, or 3.6%, over net income of $4,216,000 in 2014. Operating results for the year included those of FNBPA beginning on December 1, 2015.

Earnings per share on a fully diluted basis decreased from $1.01 in 2014 to $0.72 in 2015. When adjusted for the impact of tax-effected non-recurring merger and acquisition costs, earnings per share was $1.03 in 2015. The net interest margin, on a fully tax-equivalent basis, increased from 3.48% in 2014 to 3.56% in 2015. The ratio of non-interest income (excluding gains on sales of securities) to average assets remained unchanged at 0.92% in both 2015 and 2014, while the ratio of non-interest expense to average assets increased by 43 basis points to 3.31%. Of the increase in the non-interest expense ratio, 37 basis points related to the non-recurring merger and acquisition costs. A reconciliation of non-GAAP comparative disclosures for the 2015 and 2014 periods is presented earlier in the 2016 Financial Performance Overview.

Summarized below are the components of net income (in thousands of dollars) and the contribution of each to ROA for 2015 and 2014.

	2015						2014
				% of Average						% of Average
				Assets						Assets
Net interest income	$	15,337			3.13	%	$	14,334			3.05	%
Provision for loan losses		(502	)		(0.10	)		(357	)		(0.08	)

Customer service fees		1,563			0.32			1,278			0.27
Debit card fee income		866			0.18			847			0.18
BOLI		378			0.08			391			0.08
Trust fees		396			0.08			438			0.09
Commissions from sales of non-deposit products		347			0.07			352			0.07
Income from unconsolidated subsidiary		238			0.05			236			0.05
Insurance-related gains		98			0.02			165			0.04
Security gains		13			0.00			9			0.00
Mortgage banking income		190			0.04			214			0.05
Other noninterest income		416			0.09			404			0.09
Total noninterest income		4,505			0.92			4,334			0.92

Employee expense		(7,911	)		(1.62	)		(7,320	)		(1.56	)
Occupancy and equipment		(1,558	)		(0.32	)		(1,463	)		(0.31	)
Data processing expense		(1,589	)		(0.32	)		(1,545	)		(0.33	)
Director compensation		(192	)		(0.04	)		(205	)		(0.04	)
Professional fees		(430	)		(0.09	)		(396	)		(0.08	)
Taxes, other than income		(368	)		(0.08	)		(340	)		(0.07	)
FDIC insurance premiums		(318	)		(0.06	)		(310	)		(0.07	)
(Loss) gain on sales of other real estate owned		14			0.00			(22	)		(0.00	)
Intangible amortization		(51	)		(0.01	)		(45	)		(0.01	)
Merger and acquisition expense		(1,806	)		(0.37	)		-			0.00
Amortization of investment in partnership		(479	)		(0.10	)		(479	)		(0.10	)
Other noninterest expense		(1,511	)		(0.31	)		(1,445	)		(0.31	)
Total noninterest expense		(16,199	)		(3.31	)		(13,570	)		(2.88	)

Income tax expense		(83	)		(0.02	)		(525	)		(0.11	)
Net income	$	3,058			0.62	%	$	4,216			0.90	%

Average assets	$	489,323					$	470,660

Net Interest Income

On average, total loans outstanding in 2015 increased from 2014 by 8.7%, to $306,128,000. Average yields on loans decreased by 36 basis points in 2015 when compared to 2014. As shown in the preceding Rate – Volume Analysis of Net Interest Income Table 2, the decrease in yield reduced interest income on loans by approximately $985,000, while the increase in volume increased interest income by $1,165,000, resulting in an aggregate increase in interest recorded on loans of $180,000. While the prime rate had remained unchanged at 3.25% from December of 2008 through mid-December 2015, most new and refinanced portfolio loans were priced at lower rates than maturing loans during 2015, contributing to the decrease in overall yield. Because the acquisition of FNBPA was consummated on November 30, 2015, the increase in average loans outstanding for 2015 was affected only slightly by the loans acquired in the business combination, increasing average loan balances by approximately $3,822,000. The remaining increase of $24,520,000 was attributable to increased loan demand and participations with other banks.

During 2015, cash flows from maturities, sales and repayments of investment securities were primarily used to fund a portion of the loan growth and to reinvest in the investment portfolio. Additionally, the acquired investment portfolio from the merger, approximately $35.5 million, was immediately sold and the proceeds used to fund the cash needs of the merger and reinvest into securities with characteristics consistent with the Company’s investment policy. The portfolio reinvestment was principally focused on government sponsored agency mortgage backed securities with relatively short weighted average lives and similar risk characteristics to government sponsored agency bonds and investments that can be used for pledging requirements. As a result, while average balances of investment securities decreased by $4,706,000, and this volume decrease accounted for a $73,000 decrease in interest income as compared to 2014, the improvement in the overall yield of the investment portfolio between 2014 and 2015 further increased net interest income by $342,000.

In total, yield on earning assets in 2015 was 3.88% as compared to 3.94% in 2014, a decrease of 6 basis points. On a fully tax equivalent basis, yield on earning assets decreased from 4.08% in 2014 to 4.02% in 2015.

Average interest bearing liabilities increased by $10,141,000 in 2015, as compared to 2014. Within the categories of interest bearing liabilities, deposits decreased on average by $7,211,000, and borrowings increased by $17,352,000 on average, in order to fund the increase in earning assets. Deposits assumed in the merger with FNBPA increased interest-bearing liabilities on average by approximately $4,888,000 in 2015, and non-interest bearing deposits by approximately $1,809,000. In total, average interest bearing transaction accounts and savings accounts increased $9,691,000 while average time deposits decreased $16,902,000. This shift away from time deposits continued a trend that has been occurring for several years. Management believes this trend reflects the consumers’ response to historical low interest rates. In 2015, time deposits accounted for 43.1% of total interest-bearing deposits. During 2014 and 2013, time deposits represented 47.5% and 51.2%, respectively, of all interest-bearing deposits. Changes in total interest-bearing liabilities reduced interest expense by $73,000 in 2015 as compared to 2014, while decreases in interest rates further reduced interest expense by $483,000. Non-interest bearing liabilities used to fund earning assets included demand deposits, which increased $6,896,000 on average. The percentage of interest earning assets funded by non-interest bearing liabilities was approximately 22.2% in 2015 versus 21.1% in 2014. The total cost to fund earning assets (computed by dividing the total interest expense by the total average earning assets) in 2015 was 0.46%, as compared to 0.60% in 2014.

Net interest income was $15,337,000 for 2015, an increase of $1,003,000 when compared to 2014. Increases in volumes contributed $1,162,000 toward the improved net interest income, partially offset by a $159,000 reduction of net interest income due to rate changes.

Provision for Loan Losses

Management performed an analysis following the process described in “Application of Critical Accounting Policies” earlier in this discussion, and determined that a provision for loan losses of $502,000 was appropriate for 2015, an increase of $145,000 when compared to 2014 when the total loan loss provision was $357,000. The higher provision in 2015 primarily resulted from the increase in loan volumes in 2015; in 2015, the provision exceeded net charge-offs by $98,000.

Non-interest Income

In 2015, revenues from fee-generated services (customer service fees derived from deposit accounts, trust relationships and sales of non-deposit products) totaled $2,306,000, representing an increase of $238,000, or 10.5%, from 2014 revenues, primarily due to increases in fees earned from customer deposit services. Total fees from customer deposits increased by $285,000, or 22.3%, due primarily to fees earned from the new deposit product line introduced in 2014. Fees from estate settlements increased by $32,000 in 2015 as compared to 2014, and non-estate fees decreased by $74,000, due to the final settlement of several trust accounts in 2014. Variance in fees from estate settlements occurs because estate settlements occur sporadically and are not necessarily consistent year to year. Non-estate fees are repeatable revenues that generally increase and decrease in relation to movements in interest rates as market values of trust assets under management increase or decrease and as new relationships are established. Commissions from sales of non-deposit products decreased in 2015, in comparison to 2014, by $5,000.

Fees and income derived from the origination, sale and servicing of residential mortgage loans (mortgage banking income) was $190,000 in 2015, a decrease of $24,000, or 11.2%, compared to 2014, as refinancing activity declined. Other non-interest-related fees derived from loan activity decreased by $15,000 when comparing 2015 to 2014. Gains of $98,000 and $165,000 were recorded in 2015 and 2014, respectively, as a result of life insurance claims

The Company owns 39.16% of the stock of Liverpool Community Bank (“LCB”) and accounts for its ownership through the equity method. As such, 39.16% of the income of LCB is recorded by Juniata as non-interest income. As a result of this investment, $238,000 was recorded as income in 2015, compared to $236,000 in 2014. Earnings on bank-owned life insurance and annuities decreased in 2015 by $13,000, or 3.3%, when compared to the previous year, because investment in BOLI was lower and crediting rates were reduced.

As a percentage of average assets, non-interest income (excluding securities gains and losses) was 0.92% in both 2015 and 2014.

Non-interest Expense

In 2015, total non-interest expense increased by $2,629,000, or 19.4%, when compared to 2014. The primary driver in the change in non-interest expense was attributable to non-recurring merger and acquisition costs of $1,806,000 recorded in 2015. Exclusive of these costs, non-interest expense increased by $823,000, or 13.4%. Compensation expense for 2015 increased by $219,000 as compared to 2014, due to a number of offsetting factors, including an increase in full-time equivalent employment (due to the addition of personnel from JVB Northern Tier), lower commissions paid for sales of non-deposit products, and lower levels of accruals for employee incentive bonus, pursuant to the Company’s Employee Annual Incentive Plan. Costs of employee benefits was $372,000 higher in 2015 than in 2014. Payroll taxes increased, as a result of higher employee compensation costs, and the cost of providing medical coverage within the Company’s self-funded plan increased by $275,000. Additionally, costs associated with maintaining the Company’s defined benefit plans increased by $62,000 in 2015 versus 2014 and employer contributions to the defined contribution plan increased by $27,000.

Data processing expense increased by $44,000 in 2015 as compared to 2014, as new electronic delivery services were initiated for the benefit of consumer and business customers. Occupancy and equipment expense increased in the aggregate by $95,000, or 6.5%, due to maintenance and repairs in facilities and equipment. Costs associated with loan documentation and foreclosure activities (included in “other non-interest expense) increased in 2015 as compared to 2014 by $74,000.

Amortization expense associated with the Bank’s investment in a low-income housing project, which first became applicable during the second quarter of 2013, was more than offset by the recording of the benefit of the tax credit from the project in both 2015 and 2014. Amortization was $479,000 in both 2015 and 2014. Amortization is scheduled to continue through 2023 at similar amounts.

Small variances in director compensation, professional fees, net gains and losses on sales of assets, amortization of intangibles and FDIC insurance essentially offset each other.

As a percentage of average assets, non-interest expense was 3.31% in 2015 as compared to 2.88% in 2014. Exclusive of merger and acquisition expenses the ratio was 2.94% in 2015.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense for 2015 amounted to $83,000 versus $525,000 in 2014. Both periods included the effect of a tax credit in the amounts of $570,000 and $575,000, respectively. The tax credit was available to the Company as a result of an equity investment in a low income housing project. The Company’s effective tax rate in 2015 was 2.6% versus 11.1% in 2014. See Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on income taxes.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Balance Sheet Summary

Juniata functions as a financial intermediary and, as such, its financial condition is best analyzed in terms of changes in its uses and sources of funds, and is most meaningful when analyzed in terms of changes in daily average balances. The table below sets forth average daily balances for the last three years and the dollar change and percentage change for the past two years.

Table 3

Changes in Uses and Sources of Funds

(Dollars in thousands)

	2016									2015									2014
	Average			Increase(Decrease)						Average			Increase(Decrease)						Average
	Balance			Amount			%			Balance			Amount			%			Balance
Funding Uses:
Taxable loans	$	348,914		$	67,994			24.2	%	$	280,920		$	20,307			7.8	%	$	260,613
Tax-exempt loans		30,263			5,055			20.1			25,208			4,213			20.1			20,995
Taxable securities		124,611			12,152			10.8			112,459			810			0.7			111,649
Tax-exempt securities		23,807			(4,880	)		(17.0	)		28,687			(5,516	)		(16.1	)		34,203
Interest bearing deposits		770			173			29.0			597			(771	)		(56.4	)		1,368
Federal funds sold		675			643			2,009.4			32			(423	)		(93.0	)		455
Total interest earning assets		529,040			81,137			18.1			447,903			18,620			4.3			429,283
Investment in:
Unconsolidated subsidiary		4,614			171			3.8			4,443			207			4.9			4,236
Low income housing		3,419			(206	)		(5.7	)		3,625			(433	)		(10.7	)		4,058
BOLI and annuities		14,888			(72	)		(0.5	)		14,960			203			1.4			14,757
Goodwill and intangible assets		5,754			3,332			137.6			2,422			277			12.9			2,145
Other non-interest earning assets		23,703			6,281			36.1			17,422			(1,110	)		(6.0	)		18,532
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities		(1,505	)		(2,402	)		(267.8	)		897			935			2,460.5			(38	)
Less: Allowance for loan losses		(2,572	)		(223	)		(9.5	)		(2,349	)		(36	)		(1.6	)		(2,313	)

Total uses	$	577,341		$	88,018			18.0	%	$	489,323		$	18,663			4.0	%	$	470,660

Funding Sources:
Interest bearing demand deposits	$	121,479		$	22,861			23.2	%	$	98,618		$	698			0.7	%	$	97,920
Savings deposits		96,869			22,601			30.4			74,268			8,993			13.8			65,275
Time deposits under $100,000		109,054			3,250			3.1			105,804			(12,890	)		(10.9	)		118,694
Time deposits over $100,000		30,333			5,294			21.1			25,039			(4,012	)		(13.8	)		29,051
Repurchase agreements		4,711			(5	)		(0.1	)		4,716			451			10.6			4,265
Short-term borrowings		15,713			(596	)		(3.7	)		16,309			11,306			226.0			5,003
Long-term debt		24,406			1,906			8.5			22,500			5,548			32.7			16,952
Other interest bearing liabilities		1,480			64			4.5			1,416			47			3.4			1,369
Total interest bearing liabilities		404,045			55,375			15.9			348,670			10,141			3.0			338,529
Demand deposits		105,536			21,241			25.2			84,295			6,896			8.9			77,399
Other liabilities		6,551			1,324			25.3			5,227			1,199			29.8			4,028
Stockholders' equity		61,209			10,078			19.7			51,131			427			0.8			50,704

Total sources	$	577,341		$	88,018			18.0	%	$	489,323		$	18,663			4.0	%	$	470,660

Overall, total average assets increased by $88,018,000, or 18.0%, for the year 2016 compared to 2015, following an increase of $18,663,000, or 4.0%, in 2015 over average assets in 2014. The large increase in 2016 was primarily due to the acquisition of FNBPA in the fourth quarter of 2015. The ratio of average earning assets to total average assets was consistent at 91% in each of the last three years, while the ratio of average interest-bearing liabilities to total average assets decreased slightly each of the last three years, at 72% in 2014, 71% in 2015 and 70% in 2016. Although Juniata’s investment in its unconsolidated subsidiary, investment in a low income elderly housing project and its bank owned life insurance and annuities are not classified as interest-earning assets, income is derived directly from those assets. These instruments have represented 4.0% and 4.7% of total average assets in 2016 and 2015, respectively. A more detailed discussion of the Company’s earning assets and interest bearing liabilities will follow in the Sections titled “Loans”, “Investments”, “Deposits” and “Market/Interest Rate Risk”.

Loans

Loans outstanding at the end of each year consisted of the following (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2016		2015		2014		2013		2012
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	40,827	$	34,171	$	23,738	$	26,281	$	19,296
Real estate - commercial		123,711		127,213		90,000		74,471		69,187
Real estate - construction		35,206		26,672		20,713		19,681		18,092
Real estate - mortgage		154,905		164,617		140,676		140,459		153,122
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		13,616		17,524		15,730		12,702		12,769
Personal		10,032		6,846		4,044		4,204		5,034
Total	$	378,297	$	377,043	$	294,901	$	277,798	$	277,500

From year-end 2015 to year-end 2016, total loans outstanding increased by $1,254,000, following an increase of $82,142,000 in 2015 when compared to year-end 2014. The following table summarizes how the ending balances (in thousands) changed annually in each of the last three years.

Loans	2016			2015			2014
Beginning balance	$	377,043		$	294,901		$	277,798
Net new loans (repayments)		1,750			38,004			17,891
Loans acquired through merger, net of fair value adjustments		-			45,372			-
Loans charged off		(279	)		(415	)		(275	)
Loans transferred to other real estate owned and other adjustments to carrying value		(217	)		(819	)		(513	)
Net change		1,254			82,142			17,103

Ending balance	$	378,297		$	377,043		$	294,901

The loan portfolio was comprised of approximately 44% consumer loans and 56% commercial loans (including construction) on December 31, 2016 as compared to 45% consumer loans and 55% commercial loans on December 31, 2015. Management believes that diversification in the loan portfolio is important and performs a loan concentration analysis on a quarterly basis. The highest loan concentration by activity type was commercial real estate loans secured by income-producing property, with debt service on this category of loans being reliant upon the cash flow generated by the property. In the aggregate, loans in this category had outstanding balances of $67,000,000 at December 31, 2016, or 125.9% of the Bank’s capital. Components of this concentration group with balances considered for general reserve purposes are as follows:

NAIC Definition	Outstanding Balance		% of Bank Capital
Lessors of residential buildings and dwellings	$	34,824,000		65.42	%
Lessors of non-residential buildings		20,120,000		37.80	%
Hotels and Motels		12,056,000		22.65	%
Total	$	67,000,000		125.87	%

Given the reserves allocated to this sector over the past several years and the continuing softness in the market, management has assigned an additional concentration risk factor to this group of loans when analyzing the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. See Note 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

During 2016, there was growth in commercial, real estate construction and personal loans, largely offset by decreases in consumer mortgages, commercial real estate and obligations of states and political subdivisions. In 2015, exclusive of the loans acquired through the acquisition of FNBPA, there was growth in the commercial, commercial real estate and construction lines of business, primarily as a result of participation opportunities with other banks as well as new business development. This growth was offset somewhat by the decrease in loans to states and political subdivisions and residential real estate loans. The ongoing decline in residential real estate loans is a result of the secondary market continuing to offer more appealing fixed rates and longer terms to borrowers. Juniata is willing, able and continues to lend to qualifying businesses and individuals and is optimistic about increasing opportunities for loans in the newly acquired JVB Northern Tier region. Management also believes that the economic climate is improving and is resulting in loan growth. Our business model closely aligns lenders and community office managers’ efforts to effectively develop referrals and existing customer relationships. Continued emphasis is placed on responsiveness and personal attention given to customers, which we believe differentiates the Bank from its competition. Nearly all commercial loans are either variable or adjustable rate loans, while non-mortgage consumer loans generally have fixed rates for the duration of the loan.

Juniata strives to offer fair, competitive rates and to provide optimal service in order to attract loan growth. Emphasis will continue to be placed upon attracting the entire customer relationship of our borrowers.

The loan portfolio carries the potential risk of past due, non-performing or, ultimately, charged-off loans. The Bank attempts to manage this risk through credit approval standards and aggressive monitoring and collection efforts. Where prudent, the Bank secures commercial loans with collateral consisting of real and/or tangible personal property. Management believes that non-performing loans will continue to decline in 2017. The Company maintains a dedicated credit administration division, in response to the need for heightened credit review, both in the loan origination process and in the ongoing risk assessment process. With stringent credit standards in place, Juniata’s lending strategy stresses quality growth, diversified by product. A standardized credit policy is in place throughout the Company, and the credit committee of the Board of Directors reviews and approves all loan requests for amounts that exceed management’s approval levels. The Company makes credit judgments based on a customer’s existing debt obligations, collateral, ability to pay and general economic trends. See Note 3 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The allowance for loan losses has been established in order to absorb probable losses on existing loans. A quarterly provision or credit is charged to earnings to maintain the allowance at adequate levels. Charge-offs and recoveries are recorded as adjustments to the allowance. The allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2016 was 0.72% of total loans, net of unearned interest, as compared to 0.66% of total loans, net of unearned interest, at the end of 2015. Loans that Juniata acquired through the combination with FNBPA on November 30, 2015 are recorded at fair value with no carryover of the related allowance for loan losses. The acquired loans are excluded from coverage by the loan loss reserve unless losses on the acquired loans exceed the fair value adjustments recorded. Through loan amortization and other scheduled payments, the excluded balances are becoming a smaller percentage of total outstanding loans, contributing to the increase in the allowance as a percentage of total loans. The allowance increased $245,000 when compared to December 31, 2015, as a result of net charge-offs of $221,000 offset by the provision of $466,000. Net charge-offs for 2016 and 2015 were 0.06% and 0.13% of average loans, respectively.

At December 31, 2016, non-performing loans (as defined in Table 4 below), as a percentage of the allowance for loan losses, were 195.1% as compared to 148.9% at December 31, 2015. Non-performing loans were 1.40% of loans as of December 31, 2016, and 0.98% of loans as of December 31, 2015. Management believes that the increased levels of nonperforming loans in 2016 will be reduced in 2017 as a number of large long-term non-performing loans are expected to be brought current or liquidated in the upcoming year. All $5,312,000 of non-performing loans at December 31, 2016 are collateralized with real estate.

Table 4

Non-Performing Loans

	2016		2015		2014		2013		2012
	(In thousands)
Nonaccrual loans	$	4,733	$	3,688	$	4,880	$	5,952	$	8,846
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more, exclusive of loans acquired with credit deterioration		554		2		400		251		742
Restructured loans in default and non-accruing		25		-		366		-		-
Total non-performing loans	$	5,312	$	3,690	$	5,646	$	6,203	$	9,588

Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as non-accrual loans. Accrual of interest on loans is generally discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or reasonable doubt exists as to the full, timely collection of principal or interest. However, it is the Company’s policy to continue to accrue interest on loans over 90 days past due as long as (1) they are guaranteed or well secured and (2) there is an effective means of timely collection in process. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, all unpaid interest credited to income in the current year is reversed against current period income, and unpaid interest accrued in prior years is charged against the allowance for loan losses. Interest received on nonaccrual loans generally is either applied against principal or reported as interest income, according to management’s judgment as to the collectability of principal. Generally, accruals are resumed on loans only when the obligation is brought fully current with respect to interest and principal, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt. The Company’s nonaccrual and charge-off policies are the same, regardless of loan type . During 2016, gross interest income that would have been recorded if loans on nonaccrual status had been current was $423,000, of which $37,000 was collected and included in net income.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The amount of allowance for loan losses is determined through a critical quantitative and qualitative analysis performed by management that includes significant assumptions and estimates. It is maintained at a level deemed sufficient to absorb probable estimated losses within the loan portfolio, and supported by detailed documentation. To assess potential credit weaknesses, it is critical to analyze observable trends that may be occurring.

Management systematically monitors the loan portfolio and the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses on a quarterly basis to provide for probable losses inherent in the portfolio. The Bank’s methodology for maintaining the allowance is highly structured and contains two components: a component for loans that are deemed to be impaired and a component for contingencies.

Component for impaired loans:

A loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loans and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis by the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

The estimated fair values of substantially all of the Company’s impaired loans are measured based on the estimated fair value of the loan’s collateral. For commercial loans secured with real estate, estimated fair values are determined primarily through third-party appraisals. When a real estate secured loan becomes impaired, a decision is made regarding whether an updated certified appraisal of the real estate is necessary. This decision is based on various considerations, including the age of the most recent appraisal, the loan-to-value ratio based on the current appraisal and the condition of the property. Appraised values may be discounted to arrive at the estimated selling price of the collateral, which is considered to be the estimated fair value. The discounts also include the estimated costs to sell the property. For commercial loans secured by non-real estate collateral, estimated fair values are determined based on the borrower’s financial statements, inventory reports, aging accounts receivable, equipment appraisals or invoices. Indications of value from these sources are generally discounted based on the age of the financial information or the quality of the assets. For such loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The Company generally does not separately identify individual consumer segment loans for impairment analysis, unless such loans are subject to a restructuring agreement.

Loans whose terms are modified are classified as troubled debt restructurings if the Company grants borrowers concessions and it is deemed that those borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions granted under a troubled debt restructuring generally involve a below-market interest rate based on the loan’s risk characteristics or an extension of a loan’s stated maturity date. Nonaccrual troubled debt restructurings are restored to accrual status if principal and interest payments, under the modified terms, are current for a sustained period of time after modification. Loans classified as troubled debt restructurings are designated as impaired.

As of December 31, 2016, 41 loans, with aggregate outstanding balances of $12,547,000, were evaluated for impairment. A collateral analysis was performed on each of these 41 loans in order to establish a portion of the reserve needed to carry impaired loans at no higher than fair value. As a result of this analysis, two loans were determined to have insufficient collateral, and specific reserves were established in the amount of $56,000. Also included as impaired loans were loans in the amount of $1,056,000 that were acquired with credit impairment.

Component for contingencies:

A contingency is an existing condition, or set of circumstances, involving uncertainty as to possible gain or loss to the Company that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. These conditions may be considered in relation to individual loans or in relation to groups of similar types of loans. If the conditions are met, a provision is made even though the particular loans that are uncollectible may not be identifiable.

The component of the allowance for contingencies relates to other loans that have been segmented into risk rated categories as follows:

Commercial, financial and agricultural

Real estate – commercial

Real estate - construction

Real estate – mortgage

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

Personal

Contingency allowance evaluation consists of several key elements. The borrower’s overall financial condition, repayment sources, guarantors and value of collateral, if appropriate, are evaluated quarterly or when credit deficiencies arise, such as delinquent loan payments. Credit quality risk ratings include regulatory classifications of special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss. Loans classified as special mention have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If uncorrected, the potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects. Loans classified as substandard have one or more well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Substandard loans include loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified as substandard with the added characteristic that collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current conditions and facts, is highly improbable. Loans classified as a loss are considered uncollectible and are charged to the allowance for loan losses. Loans not classified are rated pass. Specific reserves may be established for larger, individual classified loans as a result of this evaluation, as discussed above. Remaining loans are categorized into large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans and are collectively evaluated for impairment. This computation is generally based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. The historical loss experience is averaged over a ten-year period for each of the portfolio segments. The ten-year timeframe was selected in order to capture activity over a wide range of economic conditions and has been consistently used for the past seven years. The qualitative risk factors are reviewed for relevancy each quarter and include:

National, regional and local economic and business conditions, as well as the condition of various market segments, including the underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans;

Nature and volume of the portfolio and terms of loans;

Experience, ability and depth of lending and credit management and staff;

Volume and severity of past due, classified and nonaccrual loans, as well as other loan modifications;

Existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the level of such concentrations; and

Effect of external influences, including competition, legal and regulatory requirements.

Each factor is assigned a value to reflect improving, stable or declining conditions based on management’s best judgment using relevant information available at the time of the evaluation. Adjustments to the factors are supported through documentation of changes in conditions in a narrative accompanying the allowance for loan loss calculation.

A summary of activity in the allowance for loan loss for the last five years (in thousands) is shown below. The area most affected by charge-offs in each of the five years presented was real estate – mortgages, whose balances accounted for approximately 41% of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2016. In 2016, the Company recorded net charge-offs of $221,000. Due to relatively low growth in net loans outstanding, low charge-offs, charge-offs and little deterioration in fair value of impaired loans during 2016, the provision for loan loss in 2016 was 7% lower than in 2015. With the provision exceeding net charge-offs, the loan loss allowance increased by 9.9% over the allowance level in December 31, 2015. Management’s analysis indicated that the loan loss allowance of $2,723,000 at December 31, 2016 was adequate.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014			2013			2012
Balance of allowance - beginning of period	$	2,478		$	2,380		$	2,287		$	3,281		$	2,931
Loans charged off:
Commercial, financial and agricultural		4			11			20			4			25
Real estate - commercial		146			66			92			-			-
Real estate - construction		-			24			18			117			193
Real estate - mortgage		103			305			125			1,281			852
Personal		26			9			20			29			1
Total charge-offs		279			415			275			1,431			1,071

Recoveries of loans previously charged off:
Commercial, financial and agricultural		-			7			4			13			8
Real estate - commercial		24			-			5			-			-
Real estate - mortgage		15			1			-			-			-
Personal		19			3			2			9			2
Total recoveries		58			11			11			22			10

Net charge-offs		221			404			264			1,409			1,061
Provision for loan losses		466			502			357			415			1,411
Balance of allowance - end of period	$	2,723		$	2,478		$	2,380		$	2,287		$	3,281

Ratio of net charge-offs during period to average loans outstanding		0.06	%		0.13	%		0.09	%		0.51	%		0.38	%

The following tables show how the allowance for loan losses is allocated among the various types of outstanding loans and the percent of loans by type to total loans.

	Allocation of the Allowance for Loan Losses (in thousands)
	December 31,
	2016		2015		2014		2013		2012
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	318	$	264	$	222	$	253	$	179
Real estate - commercial		948		836		665		534		463
Real estate - construction		231		191		155		212		202
Real estate - mortgage		1,143		1,140		1,300		1,246		2,387
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		-		-		-		-		-
Personal		83		47		38		42		50
	$	2,723	$	2,478	$	2,380	$	2,287	$	3,281

	Percent of Loan Type to Total Loans
	2016			2015			2014			2013			2012
Commercial, financial and agricultural		10.8	%		9.1	%		8.0	%		9.5	%		7.0	%
Real estate - commercial		32.7	%		33.7	%		30.5	%		26.8	%		24.9	%
Real estate - construction		9.3	%		7.1	%		7.0	%		7.1	%		6.5	%
Real estate - mortgage		40.9	%		43.7	%		47.8	%		50.5	%		55.2	%
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		3.6	%		4.6	%		5.3	%		4.6	%		4.6	%
Personal		2.7	%		1.8	%		1.4	%		1.5	%		1.8	%
		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

Investments

Total investments, defined to include all interest earning assets except loans (i.e. investment securities available for sale (at fair value), federal funds sold, interest bearing deposits, Federal Home Loan Bank stock and other interest-earning assets), totaled $154,543,000 on December 31, 2016, representing an increase of $1,716,000 when compared to year-end 2015. The following table summarizes how the ending balances (in thousands) changed annually in each of the last three years.

	2016			2015			2014
Beginning balance	$	156,259		$	145,639		$	128,305
Purchases of investment securities		48,309			68,094			66,451
Investments acquired through merger		-			35,458			-
Sales, calls and maturities of investment securities		(47,974	)		(92,989	)		(50,533	)
Adjustment in market value of AFS securities		(1,434	)		(296	)		1,573
Amortization/Accretion		(740	)		(764	)		(634	)
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, net change		101			704			759
Interest bearing deposits with others, net change		22			413			(282	)
Net change		(1,716	)		10,620			17,334
Ending balance	$	154,543		$	156,259		$	145,639

O n average, investments increased by $8,088,000, or 5.7%, during 2016, following a decrease of $5,900,000, or 3.4%, during 2015. The decrease in 2015 was experienced as cash flows from maturing bonds and mortgage backed securities were used to fund loan growth. The increase in 2016 resulted from excess cash available from loan repayments.

The investment area is managed according to internally established guidelines and quality standards. Juniata segregates its investment securities portfolio into two classifications: those held to maturity and those available for sale. Juniata classifies all new marketable investment securities as available for sale, and currently holds no securities in the held to maturity or trading classifications. At December 31, 2016, the market value of the entire securities portfolio was less than amortized cost by $1,302,000 as compared to December 31, 2015, when market value was greater than amortized cost by $132,000. The weighted average life of the investment portfolio was 3.7 years on December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The weighted average maturity has remained short in order to achieve a desired level of liquidity. Table 5, “Maturity Distribution”, in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition shows the remaining maturity or earliest possible repricing for investment securities. The following table sets forth the maturities of securities (in thousands) and the weighted average yields of such securities by contractual maturities or call dates. Yields on obligations of states and public subdivisions are presented on a tax-equivalent basis.


	December 31, 2016					December 31, 2015					December 31, 2014
Securities			Weighted					Weighted					Weighted
	Fair		Average			Fair		Average			Fair		Average
Type and maturity	Value		Yield			Value		Yield			Value		Yield
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies and corporations
Within one year	$	-		-		$	1,003		2.13	%	$	4,566		1.96	%
After one year but within five years		19,331		1.38	%		24,264		1.34	%		38,723		1.28	%
After five years but within ten years		16,468		1.87	%		7,465		2.07	%		6,812		1.44	%
		35,799		1.61	%		32,732		1.53	%		50,101		1.37	%
Obligations of state and political subdivisions
Within one year		2,820		2.04	%		5,771		1.97	%		9,934		1.71	%
After one year but within five years		13,240		2.50	%		16,151		2.64	%		16,853		2.14	%
After five years but within ten years		10,599		3.00	%		7,282		3.42	%		8,748		3.27	%
After ten years		-		-			331		1.85	%		338		1.83	%
		26,659		2.65	%		29,535		2.66	%		35,873		2.29	%
Mortgage-backed securities
Within one year		-		-			-		-			-		-
After one year but within five years		104		1.37	%		242		1.35	%		537		2.08	%
After five years but within ten years		7,701		2.22	%		5,059		2.27	%		3,417		1.58	%
After ten years		77,897		2.13	%		82,440		2.16	%		51,475		2.13	%
		85,702		2.13	%		87,741		2.16	%		55,429		2.10	%

Equity securities		2,328					2,319					1,500
	$	150,488				$	152,327				$	142,903

Bank Owned Life Insurance and Annuities

The Company periodically insures the lives of certain bank officers in order to provide split-dollar life insurance benefits to some key officers and to offset the cost of providing post-retirement benefits through non-qualified plans. Some annuities are also owned to provide cash streams that match certain post-retirement liabilities. See Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The following table summarizes how the cash surrender values (in thousands) of these instruments changed annually in each of the last three years.

	2016			2015			2014
Beginning balance	$	14,905		$	14,807		$	14,848
BOLI increase in cash surrender value		349			362			386
BOLI receipt of death benefit		(651	)		(259	)		(450	)
Annuities net (decrease) increase in cash surrender value		28			(5	)		23
Net change		(274	)		98			(41	)
Ending balance	$	14,631		$	14,905		$	14,807

Investment in Unconsolidated Subsidiary

The Company owns 39.16% of the outstanding common stock of Liverpool Community Bank (LCB), Liverpool, Pennsylvania. This investment is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The investment was carried at $4,703,000 as of December 31, 2016. The Company increases its investment in LCB for its share of earnings and decreases its investment by any dividends received from LCB. The investment is evaluated quarterly for impairment. A loss in value of the investment which is determined to be other than a temporary decline would be recognized as a loss in the period in which such determination is made. Evidence of a loss in value might include, but would not necessarily be limited to, absence of an ability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or inability of LCB to sustain an earnings capacity which would justify the current carrying value of the investment. The carrying amount at December 31, 2016 represented an increase of $150,000 when compared to December 31, 2015. In connection with this investment, two representatives of Juniata serve on the Board of Directors of LCB.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Branch Acquisition

On September 8, 2006, the Company acquired a branch office in Richfield, PA. Goodwill at December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $2,046,000. Core deposit intangible of $431,000 was fully amortized as of December 31, 2016 and was $29,000 net of amortization of $402,000 at December 31, 2015. The core deposit intangible was being amortized over a ten-year period on a straight line basis. Goodwill is not amortized, but is measured annually for impairment. Core deposit intangible amortization expense of $29,000, $45,000 and $45,000 was recorded in each of the years 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

FNBPA Acquisition

On November 30, 2015, the Company completed its acquisition of FNBPA and as a result, recorded goodwill of $3,335,000, which was subsequently adjusted in 2016 to $3,402,000. In addition, core deposit intangible in the amount of $303,000 was recorded and will be amortized over a ten-year period using a sum of the year’s digits basis. Core deposit intangible amortization expense recorded in 2016 was $55,000 and for the succeeding five years beginning 2017 is estimated to be $49,000, $44,000, $38,000, $33,000 and $27,000 per year, respectively, and $53,000 in total for years after 2021. Other intangible assets were identified and recorded as of November 30, 2015, in the amount of $40,000 and are being amortized on a straight line basis over two years, through November 30, 2017. Expense recognized in 2016 was $20,000, and is projected to be $18,000 for 2017. Core deposit and other intangible assets, net of amortization, was $262,000 as of December 31, 2016.

The Company originates and sells residential mortgage loans into the secondary market, but retains the servicing on the loans. The mortgage servicing rights are valued based on the present value of estimated future cash flows on pools of mortgages stratified by rate and maturity date. The computed value is carried as an intangible asset. As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the fair value of mortgage servicing rights was $205,000.

Deferred Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset/liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, as well as operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards, if applicable. A valuation allowance is established against deferred tax assets when, in the judgment of management, it is more likely than not that such deferred tax assets will not become realizable. Management has determined that there was no need for a valuation allowance for deferred taxes as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded a net deferred tax asset of $1,249,000 and $1,054,000, respectively, which was carried as a non-interest earning asset. Significant components of the increase of $195,000 included:

A $357,000 increase in the deferred tax asset relating to unrealized losses on securities available for sale;

An increase of $129,000 in the carryforward for a tax credit for low income housing investment;

An increase of $62,000 in the deferred tax asset relating to defined benefit liabilities;

A decrease of $216,000 in the deferred tax asset relating to fair value adjustments to acquired assets and liabilities; and

A $76,000 decrease in the deferred tax asset relating to the allowance for loan losses.

The remainder of the difference was due to the various other changes in gross temporary tax differences. See Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other Non-interest Earning Assets

The following table summarizes the components of the non-interest earning asset category, and how the ending balances (in thousands) changed annually in each of the last three years.

	2016			2015			2014
Beginning balance	$	25,886		$	20,879		$	23,614
Cash and cash equivalents		(921	)		3,628			(1,813	)
Premises and equipment, net		(52	)		376			203
Other real estate owned		21			385			(49	)
Investment in low income housing		444			(479	)		(143	)
Other receivables and prepaid expenses, including deferred tax assets		(390	)		1,097			(933	)
Net change		(898	)		5,007			(2,735	)

Ending balance	$	24,988		$	25,886		$	20,879

Deposits

At December 31, 2016, total deposits were $455,822,000, a decrease of $1,304,000 as compared to the previous year end. At December 31, 2015, total deposits were $457,126,000, an increase of $76,242,000 from total deposits on December 31, 2014. Deposits assumed from the FNBPA acquisition accounted for an increase of $77,392,000. Otherwise, deposits decreased by $1,150,000 at December 31, 2015 as compared to December 31, 2014. The following table summarizes how the ending balances (in thousands) changed annually in each of the last three years.

				2015
				Exclusive of			FNBPA
	2016			Acquisition			Acquisition		2015		2014
Beginning balance	$	457,126							$	380,884	$	379,645

Demand deposits		(2,661	)		8,709			20,261		28,970		3,086
Interest bearing demand deposits		4,023			(3,114	)		21,845		18,731		5,808
Savings deposits		526			8,344			19,149		27,493		6,669
Time deposits		(3,192	)		(15,089	)		16,137		1,048		(14,324	)
Net change		(1,304	)		(1,150	)		77,392		76,242		1,239

Ending balance	$	455,822							$	457,126	$	380,884

The following table shows (in thousands of dollars) the comparison of average core deposits and average time deposits as a percentage of total deposits for each of the last three years.

	Changes in Deposits
	(Dollars in thousands)

	2016							2015								2014
	Average		Increase(Decrease)					Average		Increase(Decrease)						Average
	Balance		Amount		%			Balance		Amount			%			Balance
Core transaction deposits:
Money market	$	43,896	$	10,208		30.3	%	$	33,688	$	(3,686	)		(9.9	)%	$	37,374
Interest bearing demand		77,583		12,653		19.5			64,930		4,384			7.2			60,546
Savings		96,869		22,601		30.4			74,268		8,993			13.8			65,275
Demand		105,536		21,241		25.2			84,295		6,896			8.9			77,399
Total		323,884		66,703		25.9			257,181		16,587			6.9			240,594

Time deposits:
$100,000 and greater		30,333		5,294		21.1			25,039		(4,012	)		(13.8	)		29,051
Other		109,054		3,250		3.1			105,804		(12,890	)		(10.9	)		118,694
Total		139,387		8,544		6.5			130,843		(16,902	)		(11.4	)		147,745

Total deposits	$	463,271	$	75,247		19.4	%	$	388,024	$	(315	)		(0.1	)%	$	388,339

Average deposits increased $75,247,000, or 25.9%, to $463,271,000 in 2016 following a decrease in 2015 of $315,000, or 0.1%, to $388,024,000. Core transaction accounts increased by 25.9% and 6.9%, respectively, in 2016 and 2015. The large increase in 2016 is largely due to the acquisition of FNBPA in the fourth quarter of 2015. We also believe that, over the past several years, because of the market uncertainties that accompany uncertain economic periods, investors continued to move balances of available funds into safe, FDIC-insured banking institutions and particularly into liquid transaction accounts, while funds invested in time deposits declined. Due to the sustained low-interest rate environment that existed over the period, we believe many investors had been seeking higher yields than are available in time deposit products. We continue to provide alternatives to such investors through the sale of our wealth management (non-deposit) products and are seeing investors seeking dividend yields in the stock market as well.

The consumer continues to have a need for transaction accounts, and the Bank is continuing to focus on that need in order to build deposit relationships. Our products are geared toward low-cost convenience and ease for the customer. The Company’s strategy is to aggressively seek to grow customer relationships by staying in touch with customers’ changing needs and new methods of connectivity, in an effort to increase deposit (and loan) market share. The Bank offers identity protection services as an option for all consumer demand depositors. We believe this product to be a valuable and essential tool necessary to combat the upsurge in fraud and identity theft. This product is a unique benefit to our customers as there are no other banks in our immediate market that offer a similar service.

The Bank competes in the marketplace with many sources that offer products that directly compete with traditional banking products. In keeping with our desire to provide our customers with a full array of financial services, we supplement the services traditionally offered by our Trust Department by staffing our community offices with wealth management consultants that are licensed and trained to sell variable and fixed rate annuities, mutual funds, stock brokerage services and long-term care insurance. Although the sale of these products can reduce the Bank’s deposit levels, these products offer solutions for our customers that traditional bank products cannot and allow us to more completely service our customer base. Fee income from the sale of non-deposit products (primarily annuities and mutual funds) was $223,000 and $347,000 in 2016 and 2015, respectively, representing approximately 4.1% and 7.7%, respectively, of total non-interest income.

Other Interest Bearing Liabilities

Juniata funds its needs primarily with local deposits and when necessary, relies on external funding sources for additional funding requirements. These funding sources include credit facilities at correspondent banks and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh. Juniata’s average balances for all borrowings increased in 2016 by $1,369,000, following an increase of $17,352,000 in 2015 as compared to 2014. The increase in 2015 was related to the Company’s use of short-term borrowings to fund loan growth.

Changes in Borrowings
(Dollars in thousands)

	2016								2015							2014
	Average		Increase(Decrease)						Average		Increase(Decrease)					Average
	Balance		Amount			%			Balance		Amount		%			Balance
Repurchase agreements	$	4,711	$	(5	)		(0.1	)%	$	4,716	$	451		10.6	%	$	4,265
Short-term borrowings		15,713		(596	)		(3.7	)		16,309		11,306		226.0			5,003
Long-term debt		24,406		1,906			8.5			22,500		5,548		32.7			16,952
Other interest bearing liabilities		1,480		64			4.5			1,416		47		3.4			1,369
	$	46,310	$	1,369			3.0	%	$	44,941	$	17,352		62.9	%	$	27,589

Pension Plan

The Company has sponsored two noncontributory pension plans, the JVB Plan and the FNB Plan. The FNB Plan was assumed by the Company as part of the merger with FNBPA and was merged into the JVB Plan in 2016. The merged JVB Plan has unfunded liabilities that totaled $2,492,000 as of December 31, 2016. Through the JVB Plan, the Company provides pension benefits to substantially all employees that were employed as of December 31, 2007. Benefits are provided based upon an employee’s years of service and compensation through December 31, 2012. Effective December 31, 2012, the JVB Plan was amended to cease future service accruals after that date (i.e., it was frozen). The JVB Plan was amended in 2016 to provide pension benefits to all former FNBPA employees that were previously participants in the former FNB Plan at the same level of benefit provided in the FNB Plan. ASC Topic 715 gives guidance on the allowable pension expense that is recognized in any given year. In determining the appropriate amount of pension expense to recognize, management must make subjective assumptions relating to amounts and rates that are inherently uncertain. Please refer to Note 21 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Stockholders’ Equity

Total stockholders’ equity decreased by $872,000 in 2016. Net income in 2016 exceeded dividends by $930,000. The Company is well-capitalized and had the capacity to maintain the traditional dividend level in 2016 when net income was affected by merger and acquisition costs. The remaining change in stockholders’ equity resulted from a number of factors. The other comprehensive income associated with the Company’s defined benefit plan, net of tax, caused a decrease of $44,000. In 2016, changes in assumptions applied to the actuarial calculation of the projected benefit obligation resulted in the decrease. It is the Company’s practice to use the most recently updated mortality tables in the assumptions, which, when applied to the Company’s participant characteristics, was more than offset by the 25 basis point reduction in the discount rate assumption used to determine the benefit obligation. Substantially offsetting this change was a decrease in fair values of investment securities at year-end 2016 as compared to year-end 2015, reducing equity by $963,000. During 2016, shares repurchased into treasury, net of those reissued, reduced equity by $927,000. The following table summarizes how the components of equity (in thousands) changed annually in each of the last three years.

	2016			2015			2014
Beginning balance	$	59,962		$	49,856		$	49,984
Net income		5,156			3,058			4,216
Dividends		(4,226	)		(3,687	)		(3,690	)
Common stock issued to FNBPA stockholders		-			10,637			-
Common stock issued for stock plans		64			-			-
Stock-based compensation		67			57			47
Repurchase of stock, net of re-issuance		(927	)		47			(163	)
Net change in unrealized security gains		(963	)		(200	)		1,047
Defined benefit retirement plan adjustments, net of tax		(43	)		194			(1,585	)
Net change		(872	)		10,106			(128	)

Ending balance	$	59,090		$	59,962		$	49,856

Average stockholders' equity in 2016 was $61,209,000, an increase of 19.7% from $51,131,000 in 2015 and was $50,704,000 in 2014. At December 31, 2016, Juniata held 49,370 shares of stock in treasury versus none at December 31, 2015. Return on average equity increased to 8.42% in 2016 from 5.98% in 2015. Return on average equity was decreased in 2015 due to significant non-recurring merger and acquisition expenses recorded. See the discussion in 2016 Financial Overview section.

The Company periodically repurchases shares of its common stock under the share repurchase program approved by the Board of Directors. In December of 2016, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 200,000 shares of its common stock through its share repurchase program. The program will remain authorized until all approved shares are repurchased, unless terminated by the Board of Directors. Repurchases have typically been accomplished through open market transactions and have complied with all regulatory restrictions on the timing and amount of such repurchases. Shares repurchased have been added to treasury stock and accounted for at cost. These shares may be reissued for stock option exercises, employee stock purchase plan purchases, restricted stock awards, to fulfill dividend reinvestment program needs and to supply shares needed as consideration in an acquisition. During 2016, 2015 and 2014, 49,370, 3,504 and 12,322 shares, respectively, were repurchased in conjunction with this program. Shares remaining authorized for repurchase in the program were 178,279 as of December 31, 2016. On November 30, 2015, 555,555 treasury shares were reissued to former FNBPA shareholders in conjunction with the acquisition of FNBPA.

In each of the years 2016, 2015 and 2014, Juniata declared dividends of $0.88 per common share (See Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements regarding restrictions on dividends from the Bank to the Company). The dividend payout ratio was 82.0% and 120.6% in 2016 and 2015, respectively. The dividend payout ratio in 2015 was unusually high due to the impact on net income of non-recurring merger expenses. In January 2017, the Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.22 per share to stockholders of record on February 15, 2017, payable on March 1, 2017.

Juniata’s book value per share at December 31, 2016 was $12.43, as compared to $12.50 at each of December 31, 2015 and 2014. Juniata’s average equity to assets ratio for 2016, 2015 and 2014 was 10.60%, 10.45% and 10.77%, respectively. Refer also to the Capital Risk section in the Asset / Liability management discussion that follows.

Asset / Liability Management Objectives

Management believes that optimal performance is achieved by maintaining overall risks at a low level. Therefore, the objective of asset/liability management is to control risk and produce consistent, high quality earnings independent of changing interest rates. The Company has identified five major risk areas discussed below:

Liquidity Risk

Capital Risk

Market / Interest Rate Risk

Investment Portfolio Risk

Economic Risk

Liquidity Risk

Through liquidity risk management, we seek to maintain our ability to readily meet commitments to fund loans, purchase assets and other securities and repay deposits and other liabilities. Liquidity management also includes the ability to manage unplanned changes in funding sources and recognize and address changes in market conditions that affect the quality of liquid assets. Juniata has developed a methodology for assessing its liquidity risk through an analysis of its primary and total liquidity sources. Juniata relies on three main types of liquidity sources: (1) asset liquidity, (2) liability liquidity and (3) off-balance sheet liquidity.

Asset liquidity refers to assets that we are quickly able to convert into cash, consisting of cash, federal funds sold and securities. Short-term liquid assets generally consist of federal funds sold and securities maturing over the next twelve months. The quality of our short-term liquidity is very good: as federal funds are unimpaired by market risk and as bonds approach maturity, their value moves closer to par value. Liquid assets tend to reduce earnings when there is not an immediate use for such funds, since normally these assets generate income at a lower rate than loans or other longer-term investments.

Liability liquidity refers to funding obtained through deposits. The largest challenge associated with liability liquidity is cost. Juniata’s ability to attract deposits depends primarily on several factors, including sales effort, competitive interest rates and other conditions that help maintain consumer confidence in the stability of the financial institution. Large certificates of deposit, public funds and brokered deposits are all acceptable means of generating and providing funding. If the cost is favorable or fits the overall cost structure of the Bank, then these sources have many benefits. They are readily available, come in large block size, have investor-defined maturities and are generally low maintenance.

Off-balance sheet liquidity is closely tied to liability liquidity. Sources of off-balance sheet liquidity include Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings, repurchase agreements and federal funds lines with correspondent banks. These sources provide immediate liquidity to the Bank. They are available to be deployed when a need arises. These instruments also come in large block sizes, have investor-defined maturities and generally require low maintenance.

“Available liquidity” encompasses all three sources of liquidity when determining liquidity adequacy. It results from the Bank’s access to short-term funding sources for immediate needs and long-term funding sources when the need is determined to be permanent. Management uses both on-balance sheet liquidity and off-balance sheet liquidity to manage its liquidity position. The Company’s liquidity strategy seeks to maintain an adequate volume of high quality liquid instruments to facilitate customer liquidity demands. Management also maintains sufficient capital, which provides access to the liability and off-balance sheet sides of the balance sheet for funding. An active knowledge of debt funding sources is important to liquidity adequacy.

Contingency funding management involves maintaining contingent sources of immediate liquidity. Management believes that it must consider an array of available sources in terms of volume, maturity, cash flows and pricing. To meet demands in the normal course of business or for contingency, secondary sources of funding such as public funds deposits, collateralized loans, sales of investment securities or sales of loan receivables are considered.

It is the Company’s policy to maintain both a primary liquidity ratio and a total liquidity ratio of at least 10% of total assets. The primary liquidity ratio equals liquid assets divided by total assets, where liquid assets equal the sum of cash and due from banks, federal funds sold, interest-bearing deposits with other banks and available for sale securities. Total liquidity is comprised of all components noted in primary liquidity plus securities classified as held-to-maturity, if any. If either of these liquidity ratios falls below 10%, it is the Company’s policy to increase liquidity in a timely manner to achieve the required ratio.

It is the Company’s policy to maintain available liquidity at a minimum of 10% of total assets and contingency liquidity at a minimum of 7.5% of total assets.

Juniata is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) of Pittsburgh, which provides short-term liquidity and a source for long-term borrowings. The Bank uses this vehicle to satisfy temporary funding needs throughout the year. The Company had short-term borrowings of $27,700,000 on December 31, 2016 and $30,061,000 on December 31, 2015.

The Bank’s maximum borrowing capacity with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (“FHLB”) was $165,283,000 at December 31, 2016. In order to borrow additional amounts, the FHLB would require the Bank to purchase additional FHLB Stock. The FHLB is a source of both short-term and long-term funding. The Bank must maintain sufficient qualifying collateral to secure all outstanding advances.

Juniata needs to have liquid resources available to fulfill contractual obligations that require future cash payments. The table below summarizes the Company’s significant contractual obligations to third parties (in thousands of dollars), by type, that were fixed and determined at December 31, 2016. Further discussion of the nature of each obligation is included in the referenced note to the consolidated financial statements.

Contractual Obligations

		Payments Due by Period
						One to		Three to		More than
	Note			Less than		Three		Five		Five
	Reference	Total		One Year		Years		Years		Years
Certificates of deposits	13	$	137,938	$	48,258	$	36,215	$	39,806	$	13,659
Short-term borrowings and security repurchase agreements	14		32,196		32,196		-		-		-
Long-term debt	14		25,000		6,250		18,750		-		-
Operating lease obligations	15		435		145		162		123		5
Other long-term liabilities
3rd party data processor contract	24		792		528		264		-		-
Supplemental retirement and deferred compensation	21		2,870		278		551		516		1,525
		$	199,231	$	87,655	$	55,942	$	40,445	$	15,189

The schedule of contractual obligations (above) excludes expected defined benefit retirement payments that will be paid from the plan assets, as referenced in Note 21 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Capital Risk

The Company maintains sufficient core capital to protect depositors and stockholders and to take advantage of business opportunities while ensuring that it has resources to absorb the risks inherent in the business. Federal banking regulators have established capital adequacy requirements for banks and bank holding companies based on risk factors, which require more capital backing for assets with higher potential credit risk than assets with lower credit risk.

In December 2010, the Basel Committee released its final framework for strengthening international capital and liquidity regulation, officially identified by the Basel Committee as “Basel III”. In July 2013, the FRB approved final rules to implement the Basel III capital framework which revises the risk-based capital requirements applicable to bank holding companies and depository institutions. The new minimum regulatory capital requirements established by the U.S. Basel III Capital Rules became effective for the Company on January 1, 2015, and will be fully phased in on January 1, 2019.

When fully phased in, Basel III requires financial institutions to maintain: (a) Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) to risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% “capital conservation buffer” (which is added to the 4.5% CET1 ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7.0%); (b) a minimum ratio of tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%, plus the capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 6.0% tier 1 capital ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5% upon full implementation); (c) a minimum ratio of total (that is, tier 1 plus tier 2) capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 8.0% total capital ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum total capital ratio of 10.5% upon full implementation); and (d) as a newly adopted international standard, a minimum leverage ratio of 3.0%, calculated as the ratio of tier 1 capital balance sheet exposures plus certain off-balance sheet exposures (computed as the average for each quarter of the month-end ratios for the quarter).

As a result of the new capital conservation buffer rules, once in effect, if the Company’s bank subsidiary (The Juniata Valley Bank) fails to maintain the required minimum capital conservation buffer, the Company may be unable to obtain capital distributions from it, which could negatively impact the Company’s ability to pay dividends, service debt obligations or repurchase common stock. In addition, such a failure could result in a restriction on the Company’s ability to pay certain cash bonuses to executive officers, negatively impacting the Company’s ability to retain key personnel.

Market / Interest Rate Risk

Market risk is the exposure to economic loss that arises from changes in the values of certain financial instruments. The types of market risk exposures generally faced by financial institutions include equity market price risk, interest rate risk, foreign currency risk and commodity price risk. Due to the nature of its operations, only equity market price risk and interest rate risk are significant to the Company.

Equity market price risk is the risk that changes in the values of equity investments could have a material impact on the financial position or results of operations of the Company. The Company’s equity investments consist of common stocks of publicly traded financial institutions.

Recent changes in the values of financial institution stocks have significantly increased the likelihood of realizing significant gains in the near-term. Although the primary objective of the portfolio is to achieve value appreciation in the long term while earning consistent, attractive after-tax yields from dividends, stock holdings will be sold to execute Company objectives, including tax strategies. The carrying value of the financial institution stocks accounted for 0.4% of the Company’s total assets as of December 31, 2016. Management performs an impairment analysis on the entire investment portfolio, including the financial institution stocks on a quarterly basis. No “other-than-temporary” impairment was identified or recorded on stocks in 2016, 2015 or 2014; however, there is no assurance that declines in market values of the common stock portfolio in the future will not result in subsequent “other-than-temporary” impairment charges, depending upon facts and circumstances present.

The equity investments in the Corporation’s portfolio had a cost basis of $1,615,000 and a fair value of $2,328,000 at December 31, 2016, resulting in net unrealized gains in this portfolio of $713,000 at December 31, 2016.

In addition to its equity portfolio, the Company’s investment management and trust services revenue could be impacted by fluctuations in the securities markets. A portion of the Company’s trust revenue is based on the value of the underlying investment portfolios. If securities values decline, the Company’s trust revenue could be negatively impacted.

Interest rate risk creates exposure in two primary areas. First, changes in rates have an impact on the Company’s liquidity position and could affect its ability to meet obligations and continue to grow. Second, movements in interest rates can create fluctuations in the Company’s net interest income and changes in the economic value of equity.

The primary objective of the Company’s asset-liability management process is to maximize current and future net interest income within acceptable levels of interest rate risk while satisfying liquidity and capital requirements. Management recognizes that a certain amount of interest rate risk is inherent, appropriate and necessary to ensure profitability. A full simulation approach is used to assess earnings and capital at risk from movements in interest rates. First, all rate-sensitive assets and rate-sensitive liabilities are segregated into their respective repricing intervals to determine expected cash flows. Next, a multiplier (BETA) is assigned to rate sensitive instruments to apply management’s repricing behavior. Management reprices differently in rising and declining rates, so different Betas are used to better simulate, especially in regard to deposit pricing. Next, interest income or expense is modeled by determining the impact based on amount of contribution remaining over the following 12 months in the simulation. The model considers three major components of income simulation consisting of (1) determining repricing cash flows, (2) modeling management’s repricing behavior, and (3) accounting for the instruments positions within the 12 month simulation period. The net interest income effect is determined on a static basis (as if no other factors were present). As the table below indicates, based upon rate shock simulations on a static basis, the Company’s balance sheet is relatively rate-neutral as rates rise or decline through a 300 basis point change. The impact of a 400 basis point rate increase is more significant, as modeling assumptions project a liability sensitive position in that scenario. The modeled effects for increases and decreases to net interest income over a twelve-month period as a result of this modeling approach are shown in the table below. Juniata’s rate risk policies provide for maximum limits on net interest income that can be at risk for 100 through 400 basis point changes in interest rates, and Juniata is in compliance with those policy limits.

Effect of Interest Rate Risk on Net Interest Income

(Dollars in thousands)

Change in Interest Rates (Basis Points)			Total Change in Net Interest Income

	400		$	(1,032	)
	300			(168	)
	200			246
	100			268
	0			-
	(100	)		240
	(200	)		193
	(300	)		(116	)
	(400	)		(467	)

The net interest income at risk position remained within the guidelines established by the Company’s asset/liability policy in each of the above scenarios.

Table 5, presented below, illustrates the maturity distribution of the Company’s interest-sensitive assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2016. Earliest re-pricing opportunities for variable and adjustable rate products and scheduled maturities for fixed rate products have been placed in the appropriate column to compute the cumulative sensitivity ratio (ratio of interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities). Securities with call features are treated as though the call date is the maturity date. Through one year, the cumulative sensitivity ratio is 0.50, indicating a liability-sensitive balance sheet, when measured on a static basis.

Table 5

MATURITY DISTRIBUTION

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016

(Dollars in thousands)

Remaining Maturity / Earliest Possible Repricing

				Over One
	Within			Year But			Over
	One			Within Five			Five
	Year			Years			Years		Total
Interest Earning Assets
Interest bearing deposits	$	195		$	250		$	-	$	445
Investment securities:
Debt securities - taxable		27,852			9,499			-		37,351
Debt securities - tax-exempt		3,601			18,250			3,256		25,107
Mortgage-backed securities		12,711			41,584			31,407		85,702
Stocks		-			-			2,328		2,328
Loans:
Commercial, financial, and agricultural		17,892			15,851			7,084		40,827
Real estate - construction		8,436			4,125			22,645		35,206
Other loans		79,973			129,126			93,165		302,264
Total Interest Earning Assets		150,660			218,685			159,885		529,230
Interest Bearing Liabilities
Demand deposits		118,429			-			-		118,429
Savings deposits		95,449			-			-		95,449
Certificates of deposit over $100,000		9,976			14,897			7,648		32,521
Time deposits		38,279			61,107			6,031		105,417
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		4,496			-			-		4,496
Short-term borrowings		27,700			-			-		27,700
Long-term debt		6,250			18,750			-		25,000
Other interest bearing liabilities		1,545			-			-		1,545
Total Interest Bearing Liabilities		302,124			94,754			13,679		410,557
Gap	$	(151,464	)	$	123,931		$	146,206	$	118,673
Cumulative Gap	$	(151,464	)	$	(27,533	)	$	118,673

Cumulative sensitivity ratio		0.50			0.93			1.29

Commercial, financial and agricultural loans maturing after one year with:
Fixed interest rates				$	14,926		$	6,668	$	21,594
Variable interest rates					12,245			890		13,135
Total				$	27,171		$	7,558	$	34,729

Certificates of Deposit over $100,000
Maturing within 3 months	$	2,896
Maturing within 3 to 6 months		2,541
Maturing within 6 to 12 months		4,539
Matuirng after 1 year		22,545
	$	32,521

Investment Portfolio Risk

Management considers its investment portfolio risk as the amount of appreciation or depreciation the investment portfolio will sustain when interest rates change. The securities portfolio will decline in value when interest rates rise and increase in value when interest rates decline. Securities with long maturities, excessive optionality (as a result of call features) and unusual indexes tend to produce the most market risk during interest rate movements. Rate shocks of minus 100 and plus 100, 200, 300 and 400 basis points were applied to the securities portfolio to determine how Tier 1 capital would be affected if the securities portfolio had to be liquidated and all gains and losses were recognized. The test revealed that, as of December 31, 2016, the risk-based capital ratio would remain adequate under these scenarios.

Economic Risk

Economic risk is the risk that the long-term or underlying value of the Company will change if interest rates change. Economic value of equity (EVE) represents the change in the value of the balance sheet without regard to business continuity. Generally, banks are exposed to rising interest rates on an economic value of equity basis because of the inherent mismatch between longer duration assets compared to shorter duration liabilities. Rate shocks are applied to all financial assets and liabilities, using parallel and non-parallel rate shifts of 100 to 400 basis points to estimate the change in EVE under the various scenarios. As of December 31, 2016, a non-parallel 200 basis point increase shock in rates produced an estimated 9.8% decline in EVE, indicating a stable value well within Juniata’s policy guidelines.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has numerous off-balance sheet loan obligations that exist in order to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, unused lines of credit and letters of credit. Because many commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk that are not recognized in the consolidated financial statements. The Company does not expect that these commitments will have an adverse effect on its liquidity position.

Exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and financial guarantees written is represented by the contractual notional amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making these commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.

The Company had outstanding loan origination commitments aggregating $56,095,000 and $42,619,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. In addition, the Company had $3,889,000 and $4,661,000 outstanding in unused lines of credit commitments extended to its customers at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Letters of credit are instruments issued by the Company that guarantee payment by the Bank to the beneficiary in the event of default by the Company's customer in the non-performance of an obligation or service. Most letters of credit are extended for a one-year period. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Company holds collateral supporting those commitments for which collateral is deemed necessary. The amount of the liability as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 for guarantees under letters of credit issued is not material.

The maximum undiscounted exposure related to these guarantees at December 31, 2016 was $2,300,000, and the approximate value of underlying collateral upon liquidation that would be expected to cover this maximum potential exposure was $11,851,000 .

In 2009, the Company executed an agreement to obtain technology outsourcing services through an outside service bureau, and those services began in June 2010. The agreement provides for termination fees if the Company cancels the services prior to the end of the 8-year commitment period. The termination fee would be an amount equal to one hundred percent of the estimated remaining value of the terminated services if terminated in the first contract year, ninety percent of the estimated remaining value of the terminated services if terminated in the second contract year, eighty percent and seventy percent of the remaining value of the terminated services if terminated in the third and fourth contract years, respectively, and sixty percent of the remaining value of the terminated services if terminated in contract years five through eight. Termination fees are estimated to be approximately $475,000 at December 31, 2015. Since the Company does not expect to terminate these services prior to the end of the commitment period, no liability has been recorded at December 31, 2016.

The Company has no investment in or financial relationship with any unconsolidated entities that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on liquidity or the availability of capital resources.

Effects of Inflation

The performance of a bank is affected more by changes in interest rates than by inflation; therefore, the effect of inflation is normally not as significant to the Company as it is to other businesses and industries. During periods of high inflation, the money supply usually increases and banks normally experience above average growth in assets, loans and deposits. A bank’s operating expenses may increase during inflationary times as the price of goods and services increase.

A bank’s performance is also affected during recessionary periods. In times of recession, a bank usually experiences a tightening on its earning assets and on its profits. A recession is usually an indicator of higher unemployment rates, which could mean an increase in the number of nonperforming loans because of continued layoffs and other deterioration of consumers’ financial condition.

Report on Management’s Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Marcie A. Barber, President and Chief Executive Officer

JoAnn N. McMinn, Chief Financial Officer

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Effectiveness of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Juniata Valley Financial Corp.

Mifflintown, Pennsylvania

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the COSO criteria .

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

March 15, 2017

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Consolidated Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Juniata Valley Financial Corp.

Mifflintown, Pennsylvania

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition of Juniata Valley Financial Corp., and its wholly-owned subsidiary, The Juniata Valley Bank, (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall consolidated financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Juniata Valley Financial Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, The Juniata Valley Bank at December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated March 15, 2017, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

March 15, 2017

Juniata Valley Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

( in thousands, except share data)

	December 31,			December 31,
	2016			2015
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	9,464		$	10,385
Interest bearing deposits with banks		95			73
Cash and cash equivalents		9,559			10,458

Interest bearing time deposits with banks		350			350
Securities available for sale		150,488			152,327
Restricted investment in Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock		3,610			3,509
Investment in unconsolidated subsidiary		4,703			4,553
Residential mortgage loans held for sale		-			125
Student loans held for sale		-			1,683
Total loans		378,297			377,043
Less: Allowance for loan losses		(2,723	)		(2,478	)
Total loans, net of allowance for loan losses		375,574			374,565
Premises and equipment, net		6,857			6,909
Other real estate owned		638			617
Bank owned life insurance and annuities		14,631			14,905
Investment in low income housing partnership		3,812			3,368
Core deposit and other intangible		262			366
Goodwill		5,448			5,381
Mortgage servicing rights		205			205
Accrued interest receivable and other assets		4,217			4,607
Total assets	$	580,354		$	583,928
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Non-interest bearing	$	104,006		$	106,667
Interest bearing		351,816			350,459
Total deposits		455,822			457,126

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		4,496			4,996
Short-term borrowings		27,700			30,061
Long-term debt		25,000			22,500
Other interest bearing liabilities		1,545			1,471
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities		6,701			7,812
Total liabilities		521,264			523,966
Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, no par value:
Authorized - 500,000 shares, none issued		-			-
Common stock, par value $1.00 per share:
Authorized - 20,000,000 shares
Issued -
4,805,000 shares at December 31, 2016;
4,798,086 shares at December 31, 2015
Outstanding -
4,755,630 shares at December 31, 2016;
4,798,086 shares at December 31, 2015		4,805			4,798
Surplus		18,476			18,352
Retained earnings		39,945			39,015
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(3,209	)		(2,203	)
Cost of common stock in Treasury:
49,370 shares at December 31, 2016		(927	)		-
Total stockholders' equity		59,090			59,962
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	580,354		$	583,928

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Juniata Valley Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Income

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016		2015			2014
Interest income:
Loans, including fees	$	17,559	$	14,645		$	14,465
Taxable securities		2,475		2,267			1,950
Tax-exempt securities		418		465			513
Other interest income		17		2			4
Total interest income		20,469		17,379			16,932
Interest expense:
Deposits		1,811		1,677			2,356
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		5		5			4
Short-term borrowings		94		63			15
Long-term debt		328		275			207
Other interest bearing liabilities		30		22			16
Total interest expense		2,268		2,042			2,598
Net interest income		18,201		15,337			14,334
Provision for loan losses		466		502			357
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		17,735		14,835			13,977
Non-interest income:
Customer service fees		1,736		1,563			1,278
Debit card fee income		1,044		866			847
Earnings on bank owned life insurance and annuities		371		378			391
Trust fees		454		396			438
Commissions from sales of non-deposit products		223		347			352
Income from unconsolidated subsidiary		222		238			236
Fees derived from loan activity		232		187			202
Mortgage banking income		158		190			214
Gain on sales and calls of securities		218		13			9
Gain on sales of loans		113		-			-
Gain from life insurance proceeds		364		98			165
Other non-interest income		283		229			202
Total non-interest income		5,418		4,505			4,334
Non-interest expense:
Employee compensation expense		6,883		6,095			5,876
Employee benefits		2,301		1,816			1,444
Occupancy		1,137		1,039			993
Equipment		661		519			470
Data processing expense		1,807		1,589			1,545
Director compensation		238		192			205
Professional fees		539		430			396
Taxes, other than income		437		368			340
FDIC Insurance premiums		375		318			310
Loss (gain) on sales of other real estate owned		150		(14	)		22
Amortization of intangibles		105		51			45
Amortization of investment in low-income housing partnership		479		479			479
Merger and acquisition expense		347		1,806			-
Other non-interest expense		1,719		1,511			1,445
Total non-interest expense		17,178		16,199			13,570
Income before income taxes		5,975		3,141			4,741
Provision for income taxes		819		83			525
Net income	$	5,156	$	3,058		$	4,216
Earnings per share
Basic	$	1.07	$	0.72		$	1.01
Diluted	$	1.07	$	0.72		$	1.01
Cash dividends declared per share	$	0.88	$	0.88		$	0.88
Weighted average basic shares outstanding		4,801,245		4,240,319			4,192,761
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding		4,802,175		4,241,265			4,193,129

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Juniata Valley Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

( in thousands)

	Year ended December 31, 2016
	Before
	Tax			Tax			Net-of-Tax
	Amount			Effect			Amount
Net income	$	5,975		$	(819	)	$	5,156
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Available for sale securities :
Unrealized holding loss arising during the period		(1,215	)		413			(802	)
Unrealized holding loss from unconsolidated subsidiary		(17	)		-			(17	)
Less reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (1) (3)		(218	)		74			(144	)
Unrecognized pension net loss (2) (3)		(9	)		3			(6	)
Unrecognized pension loss due to change in assumptions (2) (3)		(305	)		104			(201	)
Amortization of pension net actuarial loss (2) (3)		248			(84	)		164
Other comprehensive loss		(1,516	)		510			(1,006	)
Total comprehensive income	$	4,459		$	(309	)	$	4,150

	Year ended December 31, 2015
	Before
	Tax			Tax			Net-of-Tax
	Amount			Effect			Amount
Net income	$	3,141		$	(83	)	$	3,058
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Available for sale securities :
Unrealized holding loss arising during the period		(291	)		99			(192	)
Unrealized holding gains from unconsolidated subsidiary		1			-			1
Less reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (1) (3)		(13	)		4			(9	)
Unrecognized pension net loss (2) (3)		(571	)		194			(377	)
Unrecognized pension gain due to change in assumptions (2) (3)		623			(212	)		411
Amortization of pension net actuarial loss (2) (3)		242			(82	)		160
Other comprehensive loss		(9	)		3			(6	)
Total comprehensive income	$	3,132		$	(80	)	$	3,052

	Year ended December 31, 2014
	Before
	Tax			Tax			Net-of-Tax
	Amount			Effect			Amount
Net income	$	4,741		$	(525	)	$	4,216
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Available for sale securities :
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period		1,582			(539	)		1,043
Unrealized holding gains from unconsolidated subsidiary		10			-			10
Less reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (1) (3)		(9	)		3			(6	)
Unrecognized pension net loss (2) (3)		(144	)		49			(95	)
Unrecognized pension loss due to change in assumptions (2) (3)		(2,297	)		781			(1,516	)
Amortization of pension net actuarial loss (2) (3)		40			(14	)		26
Other comprehensive loss		(818	)		280			(538	)
Total comprehensive income	$	3,923		$	(245	)	$	3,678

(1)

Amounts are included in (loss) gain on calls of securities on the Consolidated Statements of Income as a separate element within total non-interest income.

(2)

Amounts are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost and are included in employee benefits expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income as a separate element within total non-interest expense.

(3)

Income tax amounts are included in the provision for income taxes on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Juniata Valley Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014

	Number											Accumulated
	of											Other						Total
	Shares			Common					Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury			Stockholders'
	Outstanding			Stock		Surplus			Earnings			Loss			Stock			Equity

Balance at January 1, 2014		4,196,266		$	4,746	$	18,370		$	39,118		$	(1,659	)	$	(10,591	)	$	49,984
Net income										4,216									4,216
Other comprehensive loss													(538	)					(538	)
Cash dividends at $0.88 per share										(3,690	)								(3,690	)
Stock-based compensation activity							47												47
Purchase of treasury stock		(12,322	)													(222	)		(222	)
Treasury stock issued for stock plans		3,497					(8	)								67			59
Balance at December 31, 2014		4,187,441			4,746		18,409			39,644			(2,197	)		(10,746	)		49,856
Net income										3,058									3,058
Other comprehensive loss													(6	)					(6	)
Cash dividends at $0.88 per share										(3,687	)								(3,687	)
Stock-based compensation activity							57												57
Purchase of treasury stock		(3,504	)													(63	)		(63	)
Treasury stock issued for stock plans		6,334					(12	)								122			110
Common stock issued to
FNBPA stockholders		607,815			52		(102	)								10,687			10,637
Balance at December 31, 2015		4,798,086			4,798		18,352			39,015			(2,203	)		-			59,962
Net income										5,156									5,156
Other comprehensive loss													(1,006	)					(1,006	)
Cash dividends at $0.88 per share										(4,226	)								(4,226	)
Stock-based compensation activity							67												67
Purchase of treasury stock		(49,370	)													(927	)		(927	)
Common stock issued for stock plans		6,914			7		57												64
Balance at December 31, 2016		4,755,630		$	4,805	$	18,476		$	39,945		$	(3,209	)	$	(927	)	$	59,090

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Juniata Valley Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

( in thousands)

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Operating activities:
Net income	$	5,156		$	3,058		$	4,216
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for loan losses		466			502			357
Depreciation		595			506			494
Net amortization of securities premiums		740			764			634
Net amortization of loan origination costs		63			68			13
Deferred net loan origination (costs) fees		(124	)		(139	)		142
Amortization of core deposit intangible		105			51			45
Amortization of investment in low income housing partnership		479			479			479
Net amortization of purchase fair value adjustments		(9	)		(3	)		-
Net realized gain on sales and calls of securities		(218	)		(13	)		(9	)
Net loss (gain) on sales of other real estate owned		148			(14	)		22
Earnings on bank owned life insurance and annuities		(371	)		(378	)		(391	)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)		320			(66	)		194
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiary, net of dividends of $55, $55 and $48		(167	)		(183	)		(188	)
Stock-based compensation expense		67			57			47
Mortgage loans originated for sale		(1,582	)		(3,385	)		(3,759	)
Proceeds from loans sold to others		1,822			3,438			3,949
Gains on sales of loans		(228	)		(190	)		(214	)
Gain from life insurance proceeds		(364	)		(98	)		(165	)
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable and other assets		461			292			(41	)
(Decrease) increase in accrued interest payable and other liabilities		(1,056	)		497			83
Net cash provided by operating activities		6,303			5,243			5,908
Investing activities:
Purchases of:
Securities available for sale		(48,195	)		(67,047	)		(66,451	)
FHLB stock		(111	)		(704	)		(759	)
Premises and equipment		(542	)		(463	)		(697	)
Bank owned life insurance and annuities		(53	)		(54	)		(60	)
Proceeds from:
Sales of securities available for sale		4,304			53,213			14,631
Maturities of and principal repayments on securities available for sale		43,835			39,776			35,911
Sale of student loans		1,796			-			-
Bank owned life insurance and annuities		-			34			5
Life insurance claims		1,016			357			615
Sale of other real estate owned		144			644			396
Sale of other assets		20			-			-
Net cash received from acquisition of FNBPA		-			1,244			-
Investment in low income housing partnerships		(923	)		-			(336	)
Net decrease in interest bearing time deposits with banks		-			-			249
Net increase in loans		(1,750	)		(38,004	)		(17,891	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(459	)		(11,004	)		(34,387	)
Financing activities:
Net (decrease) increase in deposits		(1,293	)		(1,421	)		1,239
Net (decrease) increase in short-term borrowings and securities sold under agreements to repurchase		(2,861	)		14,513			6,747
Issuance of long-term debt		10,000			-			22,500
Repayment of long-term debt		(7,500	)		-			-
Cash dividends		(4,226	)		(3,687	)		(3,690	)
Purchase of treasury stock		(927	)		(63	)		(222	)
Common stock issued for employee stock plans		64			110			59
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(6,743	)		9,452			26,633
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(899	)		3,691			(1,846	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		10,458			6,767			8,613
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	9,559		$	10,458		$	6,767

Supplemental information:
Interest paid	2,237	$	2,105	$	2,584
Income taxes paid	200		100		50
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities:
Transfer of loans to other real estate owned	313	$	901	$	369
Transfer of loans to other assets	20		-		-
Securities sold settling after year-end	104		-		-
Supplemental schedule of assets and liabilities in connection with merger:
Assets acquired:
Interest bearing time deposits with banks	-		350		-
Securities	-		35,458		-
Loans	-		47,055		-
Property and equipment	-		419		-
Accrued interest receivable	-		550		-
Core deposit and other intangible assets	-		343		-
Deferred income taxes	-		732		-
Other real estate owned	-		114		-
Other assets	-		31		-
			85,052
Liabilities assumed:
Deposits	-		77,665		-
Pension liability	-		1,248		-
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities	-		81		-
	-		78,994		-

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

JUNIATA VALLEY FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014

1. Nature Of Operations

Juniata Valley Financial Corp. (“Juniata” or the “Company”) is a bank holding company operating in central Pennsylvania for the purpose of delivering financial services within its local market. Through its wholly-owned banking subsidiary, The Juniata Valley Bank (the “Bank”), Juniata provides retail and commercial banking and other financial services through 15 branch locations located in Juniata, Mifflin, Perry, McKean, Potter and Huntingdon Counties. Additionally, in Mifflin, Juniata and Centre Counties, the Company maintains three offices for loan production, trust services and wealth management sales. Each of the Company’s lines of business are part of the same reporting segment, whose operating results are regularly reviewed and managed by a centralized executive management group. As a result, the Company has only one reportable segment for financial reporting purposes. The Bank provides a full range of banking services, including on-line and mobile banking, an automatic teller machine network, checking accounts, identity protection products for consumers, savings accounts, money market accounts, fixed rate certificates of deposit, club accounts, secured and unsecured commercial and consumer loans, construction and mortgage loans, safe deposit facilities and credit loans with overdraft checking protection. The Bank also provides a variety of trust services. The Company has a contractual arrangement with a broker-dealer to allow the offering of annuities, mutual funds, stock and bond brokerage services and long-term care insurance to its local market. Most of the Company’s commercial customers are small and mid-sized businesses operating in the Bank’s local service area. The Bank operates under a state bank charter and is subject to regulation by the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Juniata is subject to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Bank and the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accounting policies of Juniata Valley Financial Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiary conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and to general financial services industry practices. A summary of the more significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements follows.

Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Juniata Valley Financial Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiary, The Juniata Valley Bank. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the determination of other-than-temporary impairment on securities, impairment of goodwill and the value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations.

Basis of presentation

Certain amounts previously reported have been reclassified to conform to the consolidated financial statement presentation for 2016. The reclassification had no effect on net income.

Significant group concentrations of credit risk

Most of the Company’s activities are with customers located within the Juniata Valley and the JVB Northern Tier regions. Note 6 discusses the types of securities in which the Company invests. Note 7 discusses the types of lending in which the Company engages.

As of December 31, 2016, credit exposure to lessors of residential buildings and dwellings represented 61.6% of capital and credit exposure to lessors of non-residential buildings represented 32.6% of capital. Otherwise, there were no concentrations of credit to any particular industry equaling more than 25% of total capital. The Bank’s business activities are geographically concentrated in the counties of Juniata, Mifflin, Perry, Huntingdon, Centre, Franklin, McKean, Potter and Snyder, Pennsylvania. The Bank has a diversified loan portfolio; however, a substantial portion of its debtors’ ability to honor their obligations is dependent upon the economy in central Pennsylvania.

Cash and cash equivalents

For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks, interest bearing demand deposits with banks and federal funds sold. Generally, federal funds are sold for one-day periods.

Interest bearing time deposits with banks

Interest-bearing time deposits with banks consist of certificates of deposits in other banks with maturities within five years.

Securities

Securities classified as available for sale, which include marketable investment securities, are stated at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Securities classified as available for sale are those securities that the Company intends to hold for an indefinite period of time but not necessarily to maturity. Any decision to sell a security classified as available for sale would be based on various factors, including significant movement in interest rates, changes in maturity mix of the Company’s assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, regulatory capital considerations and other similar factors. Investment securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity regardless of changes in market conditions, liquidity needs or changes in general economic conditions are classified as held to maturity and are stated at cost, adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount computed by the interest method over their contractual lives. Interest and dividends on investment securities available for sale and held to maturity are recognized as income when earned. Premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities. Gains or losses on the disposition of securities available for sale are based on the net proceeds and the adjusted carrying amount of the securities sold, determined on a specific identification basis. The Company had no securities classified as held to maturity at December 31, 2016 and 2015.

Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 320, Investments – Debt and Equity Securities , clarifies the interaction of the factors that should be considered when determining whether a debt security is other-than-temporarily impaired. For debt securities, management must assess whether (a) it has the intent to sell the security and (b) it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security prior to its anticipated recovery. These steps are taken before an assessment is made as to whether the entity will recover the cost basis of the investment. For equity securities, consideration is given to management’s intention and ability to hold the securities until recovery of unrealized losses in assessing potential other-than-temporary impairment. More specifically, factors considered to determine other-than-temporary impairment status for individual equity holdings include the length of time the stock has remained in an unrealized loss position, the percentage of unrealized loss compared to the carrying cost of the stock, dividend reduction or suspension, market analyst reviews and expectations, and other pertinent factors that would affect expectations for recovery or further decline.

In instances when a determination is made that an other-than-temporary impairment exists and the entity does not intend to sell the debt security and it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell the debt security prior to its anticipated recovery, the other-than-temporary impairment is separated into the amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to a decrease in cash flows expected to be collected from the debt security (the credit loss) and the amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to the credit loss is recognized in earnings. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income.

Management determines the appropriate classification of debt securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date.

Restricted Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

The Bank owns restricted stock investments in the Federal Home Loan Bank. Federal law requires a member institution of the Federal Home Loan Bank to hold stock according to a predetermined formula. The stock is carried at cost.

Management evaluates the restricted stock for impairment on an annual basis. Management’s determination of whether these investments are impaired is based on management’s assessment of the ultimate recoverability of the cost of these investments rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. The determination of whether a decline affects the ultimate recoverability of the cost of these investments is influenced by criteria such as (1) the significance of the decline in net assets of the FHLB as compared to the capital stock amount for the FHLB and the length of time this situation has persisted, (2) commitments by the FHLB to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such payments in relation to the operating performance of the FHLB, and (3) the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on institutions and, accordingly, on the customer base of the FHLB.

Management believes no impairment charge was necessary related to the FHLB restricted stock during 2016, 2015 or 2014.

Loans

Loans that the Company has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are stated at the outstanding unpaid principal balances, net of any deferred fees or costs and the allowance for loan losses. Interest income on all loans, other than nonaccrual loans, is accrued over the term of the loans based on the amount of principal outstanding. Unearned income is amortized to income over the life of the loans, using the interest method.

The loan portfolio is segmented into commercial and consumer loans. Commercial loans are comprised of the following classes of loans: (1) commercial, financial and agricultural, (2) commercial real estate, (3) real estate construction, a portion of (4) mortgage loans and (5) obligations of states and political subdivisions. Consumer loans are comprised of a portion of (4) mortgage loans and (6) personal loans.

Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as non-accrual loans. Accrual of interest on loans is generally discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or reasonable doubt exists as to the full, timely collection of principal or interest. However, it is the Company’s policy to continue to accrue interest on loans over 90 days past due as long as (1) they are guaranteed or well secured and (2) there is an effective means of collection in process. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, all unpaid interest credited to income in the current year is reversed against current period income and unpaid interest accrued in prior years is charged against the allowance for loan losses. Interest received on nonaccrual loans generally is either applied against principal or reported as interest income, according to management’s judgment as to the collectability of principal. Generally, accruals are resumed on loans only when the obligation is brought fully current with respect to interest and principal, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt.

The Company originates loans in the portfolio with the intent to hold them until maturity. At the time the Company no longer intends to hold loans to maturity based on asset/liability management practices, the Company transfers loans from its portfolio to held for sale at fair value. Any write-down recorded upon transfer is charged against the allowance for loan losses. Any write-downs recorded after the initial transfers are recorded as a charge to other non-interest expense. Gains or losses recognized upon sale are included in other non-interest income.

Loan origination fees and costs

Loan origination fees and related direct origination costs for a given loan are deferred and amortized over the life of the loan on a level-yield basis as an adjustment to interest income over the contractual life of the loan. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the amount of net unamortized origination fees carried as an adjustment to outstanding loan balances was $103,000 and $152,000, respectively.

Allowance for credit losses

The allowance for credit losses consists of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. The allowance for loan losses (“allowance”) represents management’s estimate of losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the consolidated statement of financial condition date and is recorded as a reduction to loans. The reserve for unfunded lending commitments represents management’s estimate of losses inherent in its unfunded lending commitments and is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated statement of financial condition, when necessary. The amount of the reserve for unfunded lending commitments is not material to the consolidated financial statements. The allowance for loan losses is increased by the provision for loan losses, and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for loan losses, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

For financial reporting purposes, the provision for loan losses charged to current operating income is based on management's estimates, and actual losses may vary from estimates. These estimates are reviewed and adjusted at least quarterly and are reported in earnings in the periods in which they become known.

Loans included in any class are considered for charge-off when:

principal or interest has been in default for 120 days or more and for which no payment has been received during the previous four months;

all collateral securing the loan has been liquidated and a deficiency balance remains;

a bankruptcy notice is received for an unsecured loan;

a confirming loss event has occurred; or

the loan is deemed to be uncollectible for any other reason.

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level considered adequate to offset probable losses on the Company’s existing loans. The analysis of the allowance for loan losses relies heavily on changes in observable trends that may indicate potential credit weaknesses. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance is based on the Bank’s past loan loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses and may require the Company to recognize additions to the allowance for loan losses based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination, which may not be currently available to management. Based on management’s comprehensive analysis of the loan portfolio, management believes the level of the allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2016 was adequate.

There are two components of the allowance: a specific component for loans that are deemed to be impaired; and a general component for contingencies.

The component of the allowance for contingencies relates to other loans that have been segmented into risk rated categories. The borrower’s overall financial condition, repayment sources, guarantors and value of collateral, if appropriate, are evaluated quarterly or when credit deficiencies arise, such as delinquent loan payments. Credit quality risk ratings include regulatory classifications of special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss. Loans classified as special mention have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If uncorrected, the potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects. Loans classified as substandard have one or more well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Substandard loans include loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified substandard with the added characteristic that collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current conditions and facts, is highly improbable. Loans classified as a loss are considered uncollectible and are charged to the allowance for loan losses. Loans not classified are rated pass. Specific reserves may be established for larger, individual classified loans as a result of this evaluation, as discussed above. Remaining loans are categorized into large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans and are collectively evaluated for impairment. This computation is generally based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. The historical loss experience is averaged over a ten-year period for each of the portfolio segments. The ten-year timeframe was selected in order to capture activity over a wide range of economic conditions and has been consistently used for the past seven years. The qualitative risk factors are reviewed for relevancy each quarter and include:

National, regional and local economic and business conditions, as well as the condition of various market segments, including the underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans;

Nature and volume of the portfolio and terms of loans;

Experience, ability and depth of lending and credit management and staff;

Volume and severity of past due, classified and nonaccrual loans, as well as other loan modifications;

Existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the level of such concentrations; and

Effect of external factors, including competition.

Acquired Loans

Loans that Juniata acquires through business combinations are recorded at fair value with no carryover of the related allowance for loan losses. Fair value of the loans involves estimating the amount and timing of principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected on the loans and discounting those cash flows at a market rate of interest.

The excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable discount and is recognized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan. The difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the nonaccretable discount. The nonaccretable discount includes estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loan. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will require Juniata to evaluate the need for an additional allowance for credit losses. Subsequent improvement in expected cash flows will result in the reversal of a corresponding amount of the nonaccretable discount which Juniata will then reclassify as accretable discount that will be recognized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan.

Acquired loans that met the criteria for impaired or nonaccrual of interest prior to the acquisition may be considered performing upon acquisition, regardless of whether the customer is contractually delinquent, if Juniata expects to fully collect the new carrying value (i.e. fair value) of the loans. As such, Juniata may no longer consider the loan to be nonaccrual or nonperforming and may accrue interest on these loans, including the impact of any accretable discount. In addition, charge-offs on such loans would be first applied to the nonaccretable difference portion of the fair value adjustment.

Loans acquired through business combinations that do not meet the specific criteria of ASC 310-30, but for which a discount is attributable at least in part to credit quality, are also accounted for in accordance with this guidance. As a result, related discounts are recognized subsequently through accretion based on the contractual cash flows of the acquired loans.

Loans Held for Sale

The Company also originates residential mortgage loans with the intent to sell. These individual loans are normally funded by the buyer immediately. The Company maintains servicing rights on these loans. Mortgage servicing rights are recognized as an asset upon the sale of a mortgage loan. A portion of the cost of the loan is allocated to the servicing right based upon relative fair value. Servicing rights are intangible assets and are carried at estimated fair value. Adjustments to fair value are recorded as non-interest income and included in gain on sales of loans in the consolidated statements of income.

In a business combination, the Company may acquire loans which it intends to sell. These loans are assigned a fair value by obtaining actual bids on the loans and adjusting for contingencies in the bids. These loans are carried at lower of cost or market value until sold, adjusted periodically if conditions change before the subsequent sale. Adjustments to fair value and gains or losses recognized upon sale are included in gains on sales of loans which is a component of non-interest income.

Commercial, Financial and Agricultural Lending

The Company originates commercial, financial and agricultural loans primarily to businesses located in its primary market area and surrounding areas. These loans are used for various business purposes, which include short-term loans and lines of credit to finance machinery and equipment purchases, inventory and accounts receivable. Generally, the maximum term for loans extended on machinery and equipment is shorter and does not exceed the projected useful life of such machinery and equipment. Most business lines of credit are written with a five year maturity, subject to an annual review.

Commercial loans are generally secured with short-term assets; however, in many cases, additional collateral, such as real estate, is provided as additional security for the loan. Loan-to-value maximum values have been established by the Company and are specific to the type of collateral. Collateral values may be determined using invoices, inventory reports, accounts receivable aging reports, collateral appraisals, etc.

In underwriting commercial loans, an analysis of the borrower’s character, capacity to repay the loan, the adequacy of the borrower’s capital and collateral, as well as an evaluation of conditions affecting the borrower, is performed. Analysis of the borrower’s past, present and future cash flows is also an important aspect of the Company’s analysis.

Concentration analysis assists in identifying industry specific risk inherent in commercial, financial and agricultural lending. Mitigants include the identification of secondary and tertiary sources of repayment and appropriate increases in oversight.

Commercial, financial and agricultural loans generally present a higher level of risk than certain other types of loans, particularly during slow economic conditions.

Commercial Real Estate Lending

The Company engages in commercial real estate lending in its primary market area and surrounding areas. The Company’s commercial real estate portfolio is secured primarily by residential housing, commercial buildings, raw land and hotels. Generally, commercial real estate loans have terms that do not exceed 20 years, have loan-to-value ratios of up to 80% of the appraised value of the property and are typically secured by personal guarantees of the borrowers.

As economic conditions deteriorate, the Company reduces its exposure in real estate loans with higher risk characteristics. In underwriting these loans, the Company performs a thorough analysis of the financial condition of the borrower, the borrower’s credit history, and the reliability and predictability of the cash flow generated by the property securing the loan. Appraisals on properties securing commercial real estate loans originated by the Company are performed by independent appraisers.

Commercial real estate loans generally present a higher level of risk than certain other types of loans, particularly during slow economic conditions.

Real Estate Construction Lending

The Company engages in real estate construction lending in its primary market area and surrounding areas. The Company’s real estate construction lending consists of commercial and residential site development loans, as well as commercial building construction and residential housing construction loans.

The Company’s commercial real estate construction loans are generally secured with the subject property, and advances are made in conformity with a pre-determined draw schedule supported by independent inspections. Terms of construction loans depend on the specifics of the project, such as estimated absorption rates, estimated time to complete, etc.

In underwriting commercial real estate construction loans, the Company performs a thorough analysis of the financial condition of the borrower, the borrower’s credit history, the reliability and predictability of the cash flow generated by the project using feasibility studies, market data, etc. Appraisals on properties securing commercial real estate loans originated by the Company are performed by independent appraisers.

Real estate construction loans generally present a higher level of risk than certain other types of loans, particularly during slow economic conditions. The difficulty of estimating total construction costs adds to the risk as well.

Mortgage Lending

The Company’s real estate mortgage portfolio is comprised of consumer residential mortgages and business loans secured by one-to-four family properties. One-to-four family residential mortgage loan originations, including home equity installment and home equity lines of credit loans, are generated by the Company’s marketing efforts, its present customers, walk-in customers and referrals. These loans originate primarily within the Company’s market area or with customers primarily from the market area.

The Company offers fixed-rate and adjustable rate mortgage loans with terms up to a maximum of 25-years for both permanent structures and those under construction. The Company’s one-to-four family residential mortgage originations are secured primarily by properties located in its primary market area and surrounding areas. The majority of the Company’s residential mortgage loans originate with a loan-to-value of 80% or less. Home equity installment loans are secured by the borrower’s primary residence with a maximum loan-to-value of 80% and a maximum term of 15 years. Home equity lines of credit are secured by the borrower’s primary residence with a maximum loan-to-value of 90% and a maximum term of 20 years.

In underwriting one-to-four family residential real estate loans, the Company evaluates the borrower’s ability to make monthly payments, the borrower’s repayment history and the value of the property securing the loan. The ability to repay is determined by the borrower’s employment history, current financial conditions, and credit background. The analysis is based primarily on the customer’s ability to repay and secondarily on the collateral or security. Most properties securing real estate loans made by the Company are appraised by independent fee appraisers. The Company generally requires mortgage loan borrowers to obtain an attorney’s title opinion or title insurance, and fire and property insurance (including flood insurance, if necessary) in an amount not less than the amount of the loan. The Company does not engage in sub-prime residential mortgage originations.

Residential mortgage loans and home equity loans generally present a lower level of risk than certain other types of consumer loans because they are secured by the borrower’s primary residence. Risk is increased when the Company is in a subordinate position for the loan collateral.

Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions

The Company lends to local municipalities and other tax-exempt organizations. These loans are primarily tax-anticipation notes and, as such, carry little risk. Historically, the Company has never had a loss on any loan of this type.

Personal Lending

The Company offers a variety of secured and unsecured personal loans, including vehicle loans, mobile home loans and loans secured by savings deposits as well as other types of personal loans.

Personal loan terms vary according to the type and value of collateral and creditworthiness of the borrower. In underwriting personal loans, a thorough analysis of the borrower’s willingness and financial ability to repay the loan as agreed is performed. The ability to repay is determined by the borrower’s employment history, current financial conditions and credit background.

Personal loans may entail greater credit risk than do residential mortgage loans, particularly in the case of personal loans which are unsecured or are secured by rapidly depreciable assets, such as automobiles or recreational equipment. In such cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted personal loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance as a result of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation. In addition, personal loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability and, thus are more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount which can be recovered on such loans.

Other real estate owned

Assets acquired in settlement of mortgage loan indebtedness are recorded as other real estate owned (OREO) at fair value less estimated costs to sell, establishing a new cost basis. Costs to maintain the assets and subsequent gains and losses attributable to their disposal are included in other expense as realized. No depreciation or amortization expense is recognized. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the carrying value of other real estate owned was $638,000 and $617,000, respectively.

Goodwill and intangibles

The Company accounts for its business combinations using the purchase accounting method. Purchase accounting requires the total purchase price to be allocated to the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including certain intangible assets that must be recognized. Typically, this allocation results in the purchase price exceeding the fair value of net assets acquired, which is recorded as goodwill. Core deposit intangibles are a measure of the value of checking, money market and savings deposits acquired in business combinations accounted for under the purchase method. Core deposit intangibles and other identified intangibles with finite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives.

Goodwill and other intangible assets are tested for impairment annually or when circumstances arise indicating impairment may have occurred. In determining whether impairment has occurred, management considers a number of factors including, but not limited to, the market value of the Company’s stock, operating results, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows and current market data. There are inherent uncertainties related to these factors and management’s judgment in applying them to the analysis of impairment. Changes in economic and operating conditions, as well as other factors, could result in impairment in future periods. Any impairment losses arising from such testing would be reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income as a separate line item within operations. There were no impairment losses recognized as a result of periodic impairment testing in each of the three years ended December 31, 2016.

Mortgage servicing rights

The Company originates residential mortgage loans with the intent to sell. These individual loans are normally funded by the buyer immediately. The Company maintains servicing rights on these loans.

Mortgage servicing rights are recognized as an asset upon the sale of a mortgage loan. A portion of the cost of the loan is allocated to the servicing right based upon relative fair value. Servicing rights are intangible assets and are carried at estimated fair value. The carrying amount of mortgage servicing rights was $205,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015. Adjustments to fair value are recorded as non-interest income and included in gain on sales of loans in the consolidated statements of income.

The Company retains the servicing rights on certain mortgage loans sold to the FHLB and receives mortgage banking fee income based upon the principal balance outstanding. Total loans serviced for the FHLB were $21,705,000 and $21,841,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The mortgage loans sold to the FHLB and serviced by the Company are not reflected in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Premises and equipment and depreciation

Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed principally using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which range from 3 to 10 years for furniture and equipment and 25 to 50 years for buildings. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged against income as incurred. Costs of major additions and improvements are capitalized. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed on a straight line basis over the shorter of the assets’ useful life or the related lease term.

Trust assets and revenues

Assets held in a fiduciary capacity are not assets of the Bank or the Bank’s Trust Department and are, therefore, not included in the consolidated financial statements. Trust revenues are recorded on the accrual basis.

Bank owned life insurance, annuities and split-dollar arrangements

The cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance and annuities is carried as an asset, and changes in cash surrender value are recorded as non-interest income.

GAAP requires split-dollar life insurance arrangements to have a liability recognized related to the postretirement benefits covered by an endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangement. The accrued benefit liability was $949,000 and $887,000 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Related expenses for 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $61,000, $29,000 and $66,000, respectively.

Investments in low-income housing partnerships

Juniata has invested as a limited partner in a partnership that provides low-income housing in Lewistown, Pennsylvania. The carrying value of the investment in the limited partnership was $3,812,000 at December 31, 2016 and $3,368,000 at December 31, 2015. The partnership anticipates receiving $572,000 annually in low-income housing tax credits over ten years, which began in 2013. Amortization of the investment using the cost method is scheduled to occur over the same period as tax credits are earned. The maximum exposure to loss is limited to the carrying value of its investment at year-end.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes .

Current income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur.

Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of the evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms “examined” and “upon examination” also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes, if any, as a component of income tax expense.

Advertising

The Company follows the policy of charging costs of advertising to expense as incurred. Advertising expenses were $243,000, $222,000 and $169,000 in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Off-balance sheet financial instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the Bank has entered into off-balance sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded on the consolidated statement of financial condition when they are funded.

Transfer of financial assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Stock-based compensation

The Company sponsors a stock compensation plan for certain key officers which allows, among other stock-based compensation methods, for stock options and restricted stock awards. Prior to 2016, stock options were used exclusively for long-term compensation, but in 2016 restricted shares awards were used. Compensation expense for stock options granted and restricted stock awarded is measured using the fair value of the award on the grant date and is recognized over the vesting period. The Company recognized $67,000, $57,000 and $47,000 of expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, for stock-based compensation. The stock-based compensation expense amounts for stock options were derived based on the fair value of options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The following weighted average assumptions were used to value options granted in the periods indicated.

	2015			2014
Expected life of options		7.4 years			7 years
Risk-free interest rate		1.95	%		2.14	%
Expected volatility		21.42	%		21.39	%
Expected dividend yield		4.87	%		4.83	%

Segment reporting

Management does not separately allocate expenses, including the cost of funding loan demand, between the commercial, retail and trust operations of the Company. As such, discrete financial information is not available, and segment reporting would not be meaningful.

Subsequent events

The Company has evaluated events and transactions occurring subsequent to the consolidated statement of financial condition date of December 31, 2016, for items that should potentially be recognized or disclosed in the consolidated financial statements. The evaluation was conducted through the date these consolidated financial statements were issued.

3. Recent Accounting Standards Update (ASU)

Accounting Standards Update 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments

Issued: August 2016

Summary: ASU 2016-15 clarifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendments are intended to reduce diversity in practice.

Effective Date: The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. This Update will have no impact on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 , Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

Issued: June 2016

Summary: ASU 2016-13 requires credit losses on most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments to be measured using an expected credit loss model (referred to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) model). Under this model, entities will estimate credit losses over the entire contractual term of the instrument (considering estimated prepayments, but not expected extensions or modifications unless reasonable expectation of a troubled debt restructuring exists) from the date of initial recognition of that instrument.

The ASU also replaces the current accounting model for purchased credit impaired loans and debt securities. The allowance for credit losses for purchased financial assets with a more-than insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination (“PCD assets”), should be determined in a similar manner to other financial assets measured on an amortized cost basis. However, upon initial recognition, the allowance for credit losses is added to the purchase price (“gross up approach”) to determine the initial amortized cost basis. The subsequent accounting for PCD financial assets is the same expected loss model described above.

Further, the ASU made certain targeted amendments to the existing impairment model for available-for-sale (AFS) debt securities. For an AFS debt security for which there is neither the intent nor a more-likely-than-not requirement to sell, an entity will record credit losses as an allowance rather than a write-down of the amortized cost basis.

Effective Date: The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. While the Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the amended guidance on its Consolidated Financial Statements, it currently expects the ALLL to increase upon adoption given that the allowance will be required to cover the full remaining expected life of the portfolio upon adoption, rather than the incurred loss model under current U.S. GAAP. The extent of this increase is still being evaluated and will depend on economic conditions and the composition of the Company’s loan portfolio at the time of adoption. In preparation, the Company’s senior level management is evaluating a potential software provider and is assessing the sufficiency of data currently available through its core database.

Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 , Leases

Issued: February 2016

Summary: The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement.

Effective Date: The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company has determined that the provisions of ASU 2016-02 will result in an increase in assets to recognize the present value of the lease obligations with a corresponding increase in liabilities, however, the Company does not expect this to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows, as it has only operating lease obligations, which are minimal. Current operating lease obligations are discussed in Note 15.

Accounting Standards Update 2016-01, Measurement of Financial Instruments

Issued: January 2016

Summary: The amendments in this Update require all equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income (other than those accounted for under equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee). The amendments in this Update also require an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. In addition the amendments in this Update eliminate the requirement to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost for entities that are not public business entities and the requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet for public business entities.

Effective Date: For public entities, the amendments in the Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company currently holds a small portfolio of equity investments for which the fair value fluctuates with market activity. Had ASU 2016-01 become effective on January 1, 2017, the cumulative effect adjustment to income before tax would have been $713,000 (see Note 6). The cumulative adjustment that will be recognized upon adoption in the first quarter of 2018 will be dependent upon the size of the equity portfolio and the market values at that time.

Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)

Issued: May 2014

Summary: The amendments in this Update establish a comprehensive revenue recognition standard for virtually all industries under U.S. GAAP, including those that previously followed industry-specific guidance such as the real estate, construction and software industries. The revenue standard’s core principle is built on the contract between a vendor and a customer for the provision of goods and services. It attempts to depict the exchange of rights and obligations between the parties in the pattern of revenue recognition based on the consideration to which the vendor is entitled. To accomplish this objective, the standard requires five basic steps: (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

Effective Date and Transition: Public entities will apply the new standard for annual reports beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods therein. Three basic transition methods are available – full retrospective, retrospective with certain practical expedients, and a cumulative effect approach. Under the third alternative, an entity would apply the new revenue standard only to contracts that are incomplete under legacy U.S. GAAP at the date of initial application (e.g. January 1, 2017) and recognize the cumulative effect of the new standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. That is, prior years would not be restated and additional disclosures would be required to enable users of the financial statements to understand the impact of adopting the new standard in the current year compared to prior years that are presented under legacy U.S. GAAP. Early adoption is prohibited under U.S. GAAP. The Company is evaluating the effects this Update will have on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

Accounting Standards Update 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606):

Deferral of the Effective Date

Issued: August 2015

Summary: ASU 2015-14 defers the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard by one year. As such, it now takes effect for public entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. All other entities have an additional year. However, early adoption is permitted for any entity that chooses to adopt the new standard as of the original effective date. Early adoption is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that year . Because the amended guidance does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including loans and securities that are accounted for under other U.S. GAP, the Company’s preliminary analysis suggests that the adoption of this amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements, although the Company will also be subject to expanded disclosure requirements upon adoption and the Company’s recognition processes for wealth and asset management revenue, banking revenue and card and processing revenue may be affected. However, there are certain areas of the amended guidance, such as credit card interchange fees programs, which are subject to interpretation and for which the Company has not made final conclusions regarding the applicability and the related impact, if any. Accordingly, the results of the Company’s materiality analysis, as well as its selected adoption method, may change as these conclusions are reached.

4. Merger

On November 30, 2015, Juniata consummated the merger with FNBPA Bancorp, Inc. (“FNBPA”), a Pennsylvania corporation. FNBPA merged with, and into Juniata, with Juniata continuing as the surviving entity. Simultaneously with the consummation of the foregoing merger, First National Bank of Port Allegany (“FNB”), a national banking association and a wholly-owned subsidiary of FNBPA, merged with and into the Bank.

As part of this transaction, FNBPA shareholders received either 2.7813 shares of Juniata’s common stock or $50.34 in cash in exchange for each share of FNBPA common stock. As a result, Juniata issued 607,815 shares of common stock with an acquisition date fair value of approximately $10,637,000, based on Juniata’s closing stock price of $17.50 on November 30, 2015, and cash of $2,208,000, including cash in lieu of fractional shares. The fair value of total consideration paid was $12,845,000.

The assets and liabilities of FNB and FNBPA were recorded on the consolidated balances sheet at their estimated fair value as of November 30, 2015, and their results of operations have been included in the consolidated income statement since such date.

Included in the purchase price was goodwill and a core deposit intangible of $3,335,000 and $343,000, respectively. The core deposit intangible will be amortized over a ten-year period using a sum of the year’s digits basis. The goodwill will not be amortized, but will be measured annually for impairment or more frequently if circumstances require.

Core deposit intangible amortization expense projected for the succeeding five years beginning 2017 is estimated to be $49,000, $44,000, $38,000, $33,000 and $27,000 per year, respectively, and $53,000 in total for years after 2021.

The allocation of the purchase price is as follows, in thousands of dollars:

Purchase price assigned to FNBPA common shares exchanged for 607,815 Juniata common shares	$	10,637
Purchase price assigned to FNBPA common shares exchanged for cash		2,208
Total purchase price		12,845
FNBPA net assets acquired:
Tangible common equity		9,854
Adjustments to reflect assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value:
Total fair value adjustments		(523	)
Associated deferred income taxes		179
Fair value adjustment to net assets acquired, net of tax		(344	)
Total FNBPA net assets acquired		9,510
Goodwill resulting from the merger	$	3,335

The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, in thousands of dollars.

Total purchase price	$	12,845

Net assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents		3,452
Interest-bearing time deposits		350
Investment securities		35,458
Loans		47,055
Premises and equipment		419
Accrued interest receivable		550
Core deposit and other intangibles		343
Other real estate owned		114
Other assets		763
Deposits		(77,665	)
Accrued interest payable		(13	)
Other liabilities		(1,316	)
		9,510
Goodwill	$	3,335

As of November 30, 2015, the merger date, goodwill was recorded at $3,335,000. ASC 805 allows for adjustments to goodwill for a period of up to one year after the merger date for information that becomes available that reflects circumstances at the merger date. During 2016, such information became available and goodwill was adjusted by $67,000, to $3,402,000, to reflect the adjustments to fair value of two assets.

The fair value of the financial assets acquired included loans receivable with a gross amortized cost basis of $47,797,000. The table below illustrates the fair value adjustments made to the amortized cost basis in order to present a fair value of the loans acquired, in thousands of dollars.

Gross amortized cost basis at November 30, 2015	$	47,797
Market rate adjustment		(110	)
Credit fair value adjustment on pools of homogeneous loans		(73	)
Credit fair value adjustment on impaired loans		(559	)
Fair value of purchased loans at November 30, 2015	$	47,055

The market rate adjustment represents the movement in market interest rates, irrespective of credit adjustments, compared to the stated rates of the acquired loans. The credit adjustment made on pools of homogeneous loans represents the changes in credit quality of the underlying borrowers from the loan inception to the acquisition date. The credit adjustment on impaired loans is derived in accordance with ASC 310-30 and represents the portion of the loan balances that has been deemed uncollectible based on the Company’s expectations of future cash flows for each respective loan. The information about the acquired FNBPA impaired loan portfolio as of November 30, 2015 is as follows, in thousands of dollars.

Contractually required principal and interest at acquisition	$	2,488
Contractual cash flows not expected to be collected (nonaccretable discount)		(1,427	)
Expected cash flows at acquisition		1,061
Interest component of expected cash flows (accretable discount)		(157	)
Fair value of acquired loans	$	904

The following table presents unaudited pro forma information, in thousands, as if the merger between Juniata and FNBPA had been completed on January 1, 2014. The pro forma information does not necessarily reflect the results of operations that would have occurred had Juniata merged with FNBPA at the beginning of 2014. Supplemental pro forma earnings for 2015 were adjusted to exclude $1,637,000 of merger related costs (exclusive of the corresponding tax impact) incurred in 2015; the results for 2014 were adjusted to include these charges. The pro forma financial information does not include the impact of possible business model changes, nor does it consider any potential impacts of current market conditions or revenues, expense efficiencies or other factors.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2015		2014
Consolidated net interest income after loan loss provision	$	17,731	$	17,089
Consolidated noninterest income		4,841		4,745
Consolidated oninterest expense		17,124		18,358
Consolidated net income		4,862		3,353
Consolidated et income per common share	$	1.01	$	0.70

The amount of total revenue, consisting of interest income plus noninterest income, as well as the net income specifically related to FNBPA for the period beginning December 1, 2015, included in the consolidated statements of income of Juniata for the year ended December 31, 2015, was $242,000 and $61,000, respectively.

5. Restrictions on Cash and Due From Banks

The Bank is required to maintain cash reserve balances with the Federal Reserve Bank if vault cash is insufficient to cover the reserve requirement. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, no reserves were required to be held at the Federal Reserve Bank .

6. Securities

The Company’s investment portfolio includes primarily mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government sponsored agencies and backed by residential mortgages (approximately 57%), bonds issued by U.S. Government sponsored agencies (approximately 24%) and municipalities (approximately 18%) as of December 31, 2016. Most of the municipal bonds are general obligation bonds with maturities or pre-refunding dates within 5 years. The remaining 1% of the portfolio includes a group of equity investments in other financial institutions.

The amortized cost and fair value of securities as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, by contractual maturity, are shown below (in thousands). Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the securities may be called or prepaid with or without prepayment penalties.

	December 31, 2016
Securities Available for Sale					Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Fair		Unrealized		Unrealized
Type and maturity	Cost		Value		Gains		Losses
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies and corporations
Within one year	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
After one year but within five years		19,495		19,331		13		(177	)
After five years but within ten years		17,000		16,468		-		(532	)
		36,495		35,799		13		(709	)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions
Within one year		2,819		2,820		2		(1	)
After one year but within five years		13,268		13,240		39		(67	)
After five years but within ten years		10,923		10,599		16		(340	)
After ten years		-		-		-		-
		27,010		26,659		57		(408	)
Mortgage-backed securities		86,670		85,702		114		(1,082	)
Equity securities		1,615		2,328		713		-
Total	$	151,790	$	150,488	$	897	$	(2,199	)

	December 31, 2015
Securities Available for Sale					Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Fair		Unrealized		Unrealized
Type and maturity	Cost		Value		Gains		Losses
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies and corporations
Within one year	$	1,000	$	1,003	$	3	$	-
After one year but within five years		24,489		24,264		19		(244	)
After five years but within ten years		7,495		7,465		7		(37	)
		32,984		32,732		29		(281	)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions
Within one year		5,756		5,771		15		-
After one year but within five years		16,070		16,151		101		(20	)
After five years but within ten years		7,204		7,282		78		-
After ten years		330		331		1		-
		29,360		29,535		195		(20	)
Mortgage-backed securities		88,159		87,741		213		(631	)
Equity securities		1,692		2,319		645		(18	)
Total	$	152,195	$	152,327	$	1,082	$	(950	)

Certain obligations of the U.S. Government and state and political subdivisions are pledged to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and for other purposes as required or permitted by law. The carrying value of the pledged assets was $36,638,000 and $45,101,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

In addition to cash received from the scheduled maturities of securities, some investment securities available for sale are sold at current market values during the course of normal operations. Following is a summary of proceeds received from all investment securities transactions and the resulting realized gains and losses (in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Gross proceeds from sales of securities	$	4,304		$	53,213		$	14,631
Securities available for sale:
Gross realized gains from sold and called securities	$	139		$	83		$	43
Gross realized losses from sold and called securities		(21	)		(70	)		(34	)
Gross gains from business combinations		100			-			-

The following table shows gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Unrealized Losses at December 31, 2016
	Less Than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
	Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses			Value		Losses			Value		Losses
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies and corporations	$	32,783	$	(709	)	$	-	$	-		$	32,783	$	(709	)

Obligations of state and political subdivisions		17,437		(406	)		300		(2	)		17,737		(408	)
Mortgage-backed securities		68,989		(1,082	)		-		-			68,989		(1,082	)
Debt securities		119,209		(2,197	)		300		(2	)		119,509		(2,199	)

Total temporarily impaired securities	$	119,209	$	(2,197	)	$	300	$	(2	)	$	119,509	$	(2,199	)

At December 31, 2016, 21 U.S. Government and agency securities had unrealized losses that, in the aggregate, did not exceed 1% of amortized cost. None of these securities have been in a continuous loss position for 12 months or more.

At December 31, 2016, 38 obligations of state and political subdivision bonds had unrealized losses that, in the aggregate, did not exceed 1% of amortized cost. One of these securities has been in a continuous loss position for 12 months or more.

At December 31, 2016, 34 mortgage-backed securities had an unrealized loss that did not exceed 1% of amortized cost. None of these securities has been in a continuous loss position for 12 months or more.

The mortgage-backed securities in the Company’s portfolio are government sponsored enterprise (GSE) pass-through instruments issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), which guarantees the timely payment of principal on these investments.

The unrealized losses noted above are considered to be temporary impairments. The decline in the values of the debt securities is due only to interest rate fluctuations, rather than erosion of issuer credit quality. As a result, the payment of contractual cash flows, including principal repayment, is not at risk. As the Company does not intend to sell the securities, does not believe the Company will be required to sell the securities before recovery and expects to recover the entire amortized cost basis, none of the debt securities are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired.

Equity securities owned by the Company consist of common stock of various financial services providers (“Bank Stocks”) and are evaluated quarterly for evidence of other-than-temporary impairment. There was one equity security that was in an unrealized loss position on December 31, 2016, and has carried an unrealized loss for 12 months or more, with the unrealized loss at December 31, 2016 less than $1,000. Management has identified no other-than-temporary impairment as of, or for the years ended, December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 in the equity portfolio. Management continues to track the performance of each stock owned to determine if it is prudent to deem any further other-than-temporary impairment charges. The Company has the ability and intent to hold its equity securities until recovery of unrealized losses.

The following table shows gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by category and length of time that individual securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

	Unrealized Losses at December 31, 2015
	Less Than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
	Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses			Value		Losses			Value		Losses

Obligations of U.S. Government agencies and corporations	$	10,887	$	(102	)	$	12,814	$	(179	)	$	23,701	$	(281	)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions		7,469		(13	)		692		(7	)		8,161		(20	)
Mortgage-backed securities		57,454		(631	)		-		-			57,454		(631	)
Debt securities		75,810		(746	)		13,506		(186	)		89,316		(932	)

Equity securities		62		(3	)		75		(15	)		137		(18	)

Total temporarily impaired securities	$	75,872	$	(749	)	$	13,581	$	(201	)	$	89,453	$	(950	)

7. Loans and Related Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate pass rating and the classified ratings of special mention, substandard and doubtful within the Company’s internal risk rating system as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2016	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total

Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	34,510	$	5,104	$	1,213	$	-	$	40,827
Real estate - commercial		100,153		15,843		6,726		989		123,711
Real estate - construction		24,702		4,044		6,460		-		35,206
Real estate - mortgage		144,353		4,426		4,496		1,630		154,905
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		12,431		1,185				-		13,616
Personal		9,970		52		10		-		10,032
Total	$	326,119	$	30,654	$	18,905	$	2,619	$	378,297

As of December 31, 2015	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total

Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	30,814	$	1,853	$	1,504	$	-	$	34,171
Real estate - commercial		106,629		16,067		3,274		1,243		127,213
Real estate - construction		16,351		7,024		3,297		-		26,672
Real estate - mortgage		152,161		6,595		4,656		1,205		164,617
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		17,069		455				-		17,524
Personal		6,787		56		3		-		6,846
Total	$	329,811	$	32,050	$	12,734	$	2,448	$	377,043

The Company has certain loans in its portfolio that are considered to be impaired. It is the policy of the Company to recognize income on impaired loans that have been transferred to nonaccrual status on a cash basis, only to the extent that it exceeds principal balance recovery. A collateral analysis is performed on each impaired loan at least quarterly, and results are used to determine if a specific reserve is necessary to adjust the carrying value of each individual loan down to the estimated fair value. Generally, specific reserves are carried against impaired loans based upon estimated collateral value until a confirming loss event occurs or until termination of the credit is scheduled through liquidation of the collateral or foreclosure. Consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 totaled $1,778,000 and $382,000, respectively. Charge off will occur when a confirmed loss is identified. Professional appraisals of collateral, discounted for expected selling costs, are used to determine the charge-off amount. The following tables summarize information regarding impaired loans by portfolio class as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

	As of December 31, 2016						As of December 31, 2015
Impaired loans	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	436	$	439	$	-	$	475	$	475	$	-
Real estate - commercial		5,499		6,475		-		1,851		2,024		-
Acquired with credit deterioration		641		730		-		834		893		-
Real estate - construction		2,455		2,455		-		-		-		-
Real estate - mortgage		3,345		5,020		-		2,636		4,127		-
Acquired with credit deterioration		415		440		-		630		642		-
With an allowance recorded:
Real estate - mortgage	$	712	$	712	$	56	$	-	$	-	$	-
Total:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	436	$	439	$	-	$	475	$	475	$	-
Real estate - commercial		5,499		6,475		-		1,851		2,024		-
Acquired with credit deterioration		641		730		-		834		893		-
Real estate - construction		2,455		2,455		-		-		-		-
Real estate - mortgage		4,057		5,732		56		2,636		4,127		-
Acquired with credit deterioration		415		440		-		630		642		-
	$	13,503	$	16,271	$	56	$	6,426	$	8,161	$	-

	Year Ended December 31, 2016						Year Ended December 31, 2015						Year Ended December 31, 2014
Impaired loans	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Cash Basis Interest Income		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Cash Basis Interest Income		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Cash Basis Interest Income
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	456	$	29	$	-	$	238	$	25	$	-	$	48	$	1	$	2
Real estate - commercial		3,675		331		-		2,058		45		27		2,141		62		49
Acquired with credit deterioration		738		-		-		417		-		-		-		-		-
Real estate - construction		1,228		136		-		168		-		-		420		-		-
Real estate - mortgage		2,991		28		37		2,846		27		36		3,205		76		71
Acquired with credit deterioration		523		-		-		53		-		-		-		-		-
With an allowance recorded:
Real estate - commercial		-		-		-		-		-		-		119
Real estate - construction		-		-		-		-		-		-		739		-		-
Real estate - mortgage		356		-		-		448		-		-		631		-		5
Total:
Commercial, financial and agricultural		456		29		-		238		25		-		48	$	1	$	2
Real estate - commercial		3,675		331		-		2,058		45		27		2,260		62		49
Acquired with credit deterioration		738		-		-		417		-		-		-		-		-
Real estate - construction		1,228		136		-		168		-		-		1,159		-		-
Real estate - mortgage		3,347		28		37		3,294		27		36		3,836		76		76
Acquired with credit deterioration		523		-		-		53		-		-		-		-		-
	$	9,967	$	524	$	37	$	6,228	$	97	$	63	$	7,303	$	139	$	127

The following table presents nonaccrual loans by classes of the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

Nonaccrual loans:	December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Real estate - commercial	$	1,016	$	1,286
Real estate - mortgage		3,717		2,402
Total	$	4,733	$	3,688

Interest income not recorded based on the original contractual terms of the loans for nonaccrual loans was $281,000, $239,000 and $382,000 in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The aggregate amount of demand deposits that have been reclassified as loan balances at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $39,000 and $146,000, respectively.

The performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio is also monitored by analyzing the age of the loans receivable as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the past due status as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2016	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Loans Past Due greater than 90 Days and Accruing

Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	15		-		6	$	21	$	40,806	$	40,827	$	6
Real estate - commercial
Real estate - commercial		55		-		-		55		123,015		123,070		-
Acquired with credit deterioration		-		-		452		452		189		641		452
Real estate - construction		6		-		508		514		34,692		35,206		508
Real estate - mortgage
Real estate - mortgage		1,097		57		40		1,194		153,296		154,490		40
Acquired with credit deterioration		-		-		138		138		277		415		138
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		-		-		-		-		13,616		13,616		-
Personal		25		3		-		28		10,004		10,032		-
Total	$	1,198	$	60	$	1,144	$	2,402	$	375,895	$	378,297	$	1,144

As of December 31, 2015	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Loans Past Due greater than 90 Days and Accruing

Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	92		-		-	$	92	$	34,079	$	34,171	$	-
Real estate - commercial
Real estate - commercial		112		124		1,243		1,479		124,900		126,379		-
Acquired with credit deterioration		-		175		443		618		216		834		443
Real estate - construction		-		-		-		-		26,672		26,672		-
Real estate - mortgage										-
Real estate - mortgage		1,038		761		1,669		3,468		160,519		163,987		-
Acquired with credit deterioration		-		61		119		180		450		630		119
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		-		-		-		-		17,524		17,524		-
Personal		56		48		2		106		6,740		6,846		2
Total	$	1,298	$	1,169	$	3,476	$	5,943	$	371,100	$	377,043	$	564

The following table summarizes information regarding troubled debt restructurings by loan portfolio class as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, in thousands of dollars.

	Number of Contracts		Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Recorded Investment
As of December 31, 2016
Accruing troubled debt restructurings:
Real estate - mortgage		7	$	369	$	397	$	340

Non-accruing troubled debt restructurings:
Real estate - mortgage		1		25		25		23
		8	$	394	$	422	$	363
As of December 31, 2015
Accruing troubled debt restructurings:
Real estate - commercial		1	$	148	$	148	$	142
Real estate - mortgage		6		254		282		234

		7	$	402	$	430	$	376

The Company’s troubled debt restructurings are also impaired loans, which may result in a specific allocation and subsequent charge-off if appropriate. As of December 31, 2016, there were no specific reserves and no charge-offs relating to the troubled debt restructurings. The amended terms of the restructured loans vary, whereby interest rates have been reduced, principal payments have been reduced or deferred for a period of time and/or maturity dates have been extended.

As of December 31, 2016, one restructured loan with a balance of $44,000 was in default because it was delinquent in excess of 30 days with respect to the terms of the restructuring. There have been no defaults of troubled debt restructurings that took place during 2016, 2015 or 2014 within 12 months of restructure.

The following table summarizes loans whose terms have been modified, resulting in troubled debt restructurings during 2016, in thousands of dollars. There were no loans whose terms have been modified resulting in troubled debt restructurings during 2015.

	Number of Contracts		Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Recorded Investment
Year ended December 31, 2016
Accruing troubled debt restructurings:
Real estate - mortgage		3	$	189	$	189	$	186
		3	$	189	$	189	$	186

The following tables summarize loans and the activity in the allowance for loan losses by loan class, segregated into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):

Allowance for loan losses:	Commercial, financial and agricultural			Real estate - commercial			Real estate - construction			Real estate - mortgage			Obligations of states and political subdivisions		Personal			Total
Beginning Balance, January 1, 2016	$	264		$	836		$	191		$	1,140		$	-	$	47		$	2,478
Charge-offs		(4	)		(146	)		-			(103	)		-		(26	)		(279	)
Recoveries		-			24			-			15			-		19			58
Provisions		58			234			40			91			-		43			466
Ending balance, December 31, 2016	$	318		$	948		$	231		$	1,143		$	-	$	83		$	2,723

As of December 31, 2016	Commercial, financial and agricultural			Real estate - commercial			Real estate - construction			Real estate - mortgage			Obligations of states and political subdivisions		Personal			Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Ending balance	$	318		$	948		$	231		$	1,143		$	-	$	83		$	2,723
evaluated for impairment
individually	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	56		$	-	$	-		$	56
collectively	$	318		$	948		$	231		$	1,087		$	-	$	83		$	2,667


Loans:
Ending balance	$	40,827		$	123,711		$	35,206		$	154,905		$	13,616	$	10,032		$	378,297
evaluated for impairment
individually	$	436		$	5,499		$	2,455		$	4,057		$	-	$	-		$	12,447
collectively	$	40,391		$	117,571		$	32,751		$	150,433		$	13,616	$	10,032		$	364,794
Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	$	-			641		$	-		$	415		$		$	-		$	1,056

Allowance for loan losses:	Commercial, financial and agricultural			Real estate - commercial			Real estate - construction			Real estate - mortgage			Obligations of states and political subdivisions		Personal			Total
Beginning Balance, January 1, 2015	$	222		$	665		$	155		$	1,300		$	-	$	38		$	2,380
Charge-offs		(11	)		(66	)		(24	)		(305	)		-		(9	)		(415	)
Recoveries		7			-			-			1			-		3			11
Provisions		46			237			60			144			-		15			502
Ending balance, December 31, 2015	$	264		$	836		$	191		$	1,140		$	-	$	47		$	2,478

As of December 31, 2015	Commercial, financial and agricultural			Real estate - commercial			Real estate - construction			Real estate - mortgage			Obligations of states and political subdivisions		Personal			Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Ending balance	$	264		$	836		$	191		$	1,140		$	-	$	47		$	2,478
evaluated for impairment
individually	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-	$	-		$	-
collectively	$	264		$	836		$	191		$	1,140		$	-	$	47		$	2,478

Loans:
Ending balance	$	34,171		$	127,213		$	26,672		$	164,617		$	17,524	$	6,846		$	377,043
evaluated for impairment
individually	$	475		$	1,851		$	-		$	2,636		$	-	$	-		$	4,962
collectively	$	33,696		$	124,528		$	26,672		$	161,351		$	17,524	$	6,846		$	370,617
acquired with credit deterioration	$	-			834		$	-		$	630		$		$	-		$	1,464

Allowance for loan losses:	Commercial, financial and agricultural			Real estate - commercial			Real estate - construction			Real estate - mortgage			Obligations of states and political subdivisions		Personal			Total
Beginning Balance, January 1, 2014	$	253		$	534		$	212		$	1,246		$	-	$	42		$	2,287
Charge-offs		(20	)		(92	)		(18	)		(125	)		-		(20	)		(275	)
Recoveries		4			5			-			-			-		2			11
Provisions		(15	)		218			(39	)		179			-		14			357
Ending balance, December 31, 2014	$	222		$	665		$	155		$	1,300		$	-	$	38		$	2,380

As of December 31, 2014	Commercial, financial and agricultural			Real estate - commercial			Real estate - construction			Real estate - mortgage			Obligations of states and political subdivisions		Personal			Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Ending balance	$	222		$	665		$	155		$	1,300		$	-	$	38		$	2,380
evaluated for impairment
individually	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	150		$	-	$	-		$	150
collectively	$	222		$	665		$	155		$	1,150		$	-	$	38		$	2,230

Loans:
Ending balance	$	23,738		$	90,000		$	20,713		$	140,676		$	15,730	$	4,044		$	294,901
evaluated for impairment
individually	$	1		$	2,264		$	336		$	3,952		$	-	$	-		$	6,553
collectively	$	23,737		$	87,736		$	20,377		$	136,724		$	15,730	$	4,044		$	288,348

8. Pledged Assets

The Bank must maintain sufficient qualifying collateral with the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) in order to secure borrowings. Therefore, a Master Collateral Agreement has been entered into which pledges all mortgage related assets as collateral for future borrowings. Mortgage related assets could include loans or investment securities. As of December 31, 2016, the amount of loans included in qualifying collateral was $229,352,000, for a collateral value of $165,283,000. No investment securities are included in qualifying collateral as of December 31, 2016.

9. Bank Owned Life Insurance and Annuities

The Company holds bank-owned life insurance (BOLI) and deferred annuities with a combined cash value of $14,631,000 and $14,905,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. As annuitants retire, the deferred annuities may be converted to payout annuities to create payment streams that match certain post-retirement liabilities. The cash surrender value on the BOLI and annuities decreased in 2016 by $274,000, the net change resulting from proceeds from life insurance claim payments, premium payments and earnings recorded as non-interest income. The net increase in cash surrender value on the BOLI and annuities was $98,000 and $411,000 in 2015 and 2014, respectively. The contracts are owned by the Bank in various insurance companies. The crediting rate on the policies varies annually based on the insurance companies’ investment portfolio returns in their general fund and market conditions. Changes in cash value of BOLI and annuities in 2016 and 2015 are shown below (in thousands):

	Life Insurance			Deferred Annuities			Total
Balance as of January 1, 2015	$	14,397		$	410		$	14,807

Earnings		321			16			337
Premiums on existing policies		41			13			54
Annuity payments received		-			(34	)		(34	)
Net proceeds from life insurance claim		(259	)		-			(259	)
Balance as of December 31, 2015		14,500			405			14,905

Earnings		309			15			324
Premiums on existing policies		40			13			53
Net proceeds from life insurance claim		(651	)		-			(651	)
Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	14,198		$	433		$	14,631

10. Premises And Equipment

Premises and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2016			2015
Land	$	1,126		$	1,126
Buildings and improvements		9,460			9,226
Furniture, computer software and equipment		5,166			4,901
		15,752			15,253
Less: accumulated depreciation		(8,895	)		(8,344	)
	$	6,857		$	6,909

Depreciation expense on premises and equipment charged to operations was $595,000 in 2016, $506,000 in 2015 and $494,000 in 2014.

11. Goodwill and other intangible assets

Branch Acquisition

FNBPA Acquisition

On November 30, 2015, the Company completed its acquisition of FNBPA and, as a result, recorded goodwill of $3,335,000. In 2016, an adjustment was made to increase goodwill to $3,402,000. Core deposit intangible in the amount of $303,000 was recorded and is being amortized over a ten-year period using a sum of the year’s digits basis. Other intangible assets were identified and recorded as of November 30, 2015, in the amount of $40,000 and are being amortized on a straight line basis over two years, through November 30, 2017.

The following table shows the amortization schedule for each of the intangible assets recorded.

	FNBPA		FNBPA		Branch
	Acquisition		Acquisition		Acquisition
	Core		Other		Core
	Deposit		Intangible		Deposit
	Intangible		Assets		Intangible
Beginning Balance at Acquisition Date	$	303	$	40	$	431
Amortization expense recorded prior to December 31, 2013		-		-		312
Amortization expense recorded in Years ended:
December 31, 2014		-		-		45
December 31, 2015		4		2		45
December 31, 2016		55		20		29
Unamortized balance as of December 31, 2016		244		18		-

Scheduled Amortization expense for years ended:
December 31, 2017		49		18
December 31, 2018		44		-
December 31, 2019		38		-
December 31, 2020		33		-
December 31, 2021		27		-
After December 31, 2021		53		-

12. Investment in Unconsolidated Subsidiary

On September 1, 2006, the Company invested in Liverpool Community Bank (formerly known as The First National Bank of Liverpool) (“LCB”), Liverpool, Pennsylvania, by purchasing 39.16% of its outstanding common stock. This investment is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The investment was carried at $4,703,000 and $4,553,000 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company increases its investment in LCB for its share of earnings and decreases its investment by any dividends received from LCB. The investment is evaluated quarterly for impairment. A loss in value of the investment which is determined to be other than a temporary decline would be recognized as a loss in the period in which such determination is made. Evidence of a loss in value might include, but would not necessarily be limited to, absence of an ability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or inability of LCB to sustain an earnings capacity which would justify the current carrying value of the investment.

13. Deposits

Deposits consist of the following (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2016		2015
Demand, non-interest bearing	$	104,006	$	106,667
Interest-bearing demand and money market		118,429		114,406
Savings		95,449		94,923
Time deposits, $250,000 or more		5,773		5,222
Other time deposits		132,165		135,908
	$	455,822	$	457,126

Aggregate amount of scheduled maturities of time deposits as of December 31, 2016 include the following (in thousands):

	Time Deposits
Maturing in:	$250,000 or more		Other		Total Time Deposits
2017	$	351	$	47,907	$	48,258
2018		862		16,390		17,252
2019		1,705		17,258		18,963
2020		513		25,416		25,929
2021		808		13,069		13,877
Later		1,534		12,125		13,659
	$	5,773	$	132,165	$	137,938

14. Borrowings

Short term borrowings as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and the related maximum amounts outstanding at the end of any month in each of the three years then ended are presented below (dollars in thousands).

	December 31,						Maximum Outstanding at Any Month End
	2016		2015		2014		2016		2015		2014
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	$	4,496	$	4,996	$	4,594	$	6,018	$	5,106	$	5,197
Short-term borrowings with Federal Home Loan Bank
Overnight advances		27,700		30,061		9,700		32,300		35,234		9,700
Mid-term repo		-		-		6,250		-		6,250		6,250
	$	32,196	$	35,057	$	20,544

The following table presents supplemental information related to short-term borrowings (dollars in thousands).

	Securities sold under agreements to repurchase									Short-term borrowings with Federal Home Loan Bank
	2016			2015			2014			2016			2015			2014
Amount outstanding as of December 31	$	4,496		$	4,996		$	4,594		$	27,700		$	30,061		$	15,950
Weighted average interest rate as of December 31		0.18	%		0.10	%		0.10	%		0.74	%		0.44	%		0.32	%
Average amount outstanding during the year		4,712			4,716			4,265			15,696			16,309			4,998
Weighted average interest rate during the year		0.11	%		0.10	%		0.10	%		0.60	%		0.38	%		0.31	%

Long-term debt is comprised only of FHLB advances with an original maturity of one year or more. Outstanding balances were $25,000,000 and $22,500,000 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The following table summarizes the scheduled maturities of long-term debt as of December 31, 2016 (in thousands).

Year			Weighted Average Interest Rate
2017	$	6,250		1.10	%
2018		10,000		1.33	%
2019		8,750		1.57	%
2020		-
2021		-
Thereafter		-
	$	25,000		1.36	%

The Bank has repurchase agreements with several of its depositors, under which customers’ funds are invested daily into an interest bearing account. These funds are carried by the Company as short-term debt. It is the Company’s policy to have repurchase agreements collateralized 100% by U.S. Government securities. As of December 31, 2016, the securities that serve as collateral for securities sold under agreements to repurchase had a fair value of $7,880,000. The interest rate paid on these funds is variable and subject to change daily.

The Bank’s maximum borrowing capacity with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (“FHLB”) is $165,283,000, with a balance of $52,700,000 outstanding as of December 31, 2016. In order to borrow additional amounts, the FHLB would require the Bank to purchase additional FHLB Stock. The FHLB is a source of both short-term and long-term funding. The Bank must maintain sufficient qualifying collateral to secure all outstanding advances. Qualifying collateral is defined by the FHLB and includes outstanding balances of the Company’s real estate loans, excluding loans with certain risk mitigants, including delinquencies and loans made to insiders, borrowers with low credit scores or loans with high loan-to-value ratios.

15. Operating Lease Obligations

The Company has entered into a number of arrangements that are classified as operating leases. The operating leases are for several branch and office locations. The majority of the branch and office location leases are renewable at the Company’s option. Future minimum lease commitments are based on current rental payments. Rental expense charged to operations, including license fees for branch offices, was $142,000, $127,000 and $124,000 in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

The following is a summary of future minimum rental payments for the next five years required under operating leases that have initial or remaining noncancellable lease terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

Years ending December 31,
2017	$	145
2018		84
2019		78
2020		60
2021		63
2022 and beyond		5
Total minimum payments required	$	435

16. Income Taxes

The components of income tax expense for the three years ended December 31 were (in thousands):

	2016		2015			2014
Current tax expense	$	499	$	149		$	331
Deferred tax expense (benefit)		320		(66	)		194
Total tax expense	$	819	$	83		$	525

A reconciliation of the statutory income tax expense computed at 34% to the income tax expense included in the consolidated statements of income follows (dollars in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Income before income taxes	$	5,975		$	3,141		$	4,741
Statutory tax rate		34.0	%		34.0	%		34.0	%
Federal tax at statutory rate		2,032			1,068			1,612
Tax-exempt interest		(427	)		(391	)		(358	)
Net earnings on BOLI		(84	)		(99	)		(93	)
Gain from life insurance proceeds		(124	)		(34	)		(56	)
Dividend from unconsolidated subsidiary		(15	)		(15	)		(13	)
Stock-based compensation		23			20			16
Federal tax credits		(572	)		(570	)		(575	)
Merger and acquisition expenses		-			115			-
Other permanent differences		(14	)		(11	)		(8	)
Total tax expense	$	819		$	83		$	525
Effective tax rate		13.7	%		2.6	%		11.1	%

Deductible temporary differences and taxable temporary differences gave rise to a net deferred tax asset for the Company as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. The components giving rise to the net deferred tax asset are detailed below (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2016			2015
Deferred Tax Assets
Allowance for loan losses	$	413		$	489
Deferred directors' compensation		534			511
Employee and director benefits		535			534
Qualified pension liability		847			785
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale		429			-
Unrealized loss from securities impairment		106			236
Investment in low income housing project		159			96
Fair value adjustments to acquired assets and liabilities		277			493
Tax credit carryforward		209			80
Valuation reserves on other real estate owned		70			24
Other		83			80
Total deferred tax assets		3,662			3,328

Deferred Tax Liabilities
Depreciation		(272	)		(288	)
Equity income from unconsolidated subsidiary		(645	)		(589	)
Loan origination costs		(440	)		(412	)
Prepaid expense		(386	)		(284	)
Unrealized gains on securities available for sale		-			(58	)
Annuity earnings		(79	)		(73	)
Fair value of mortgage servicing rights		(70	)		(70	)
Intangible assets		(42	)		(67	)
Goodwill		(479	)		(433	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(2,413	)		(2,274	)

Net deferred tax asset included in other assets	$	1,249		$	1,054

The Company has concluded that the deferred tax assets are realizable (on a more likely than not basis) through the combination of future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, certain tax planning strategies and expected future taxable income.

It is the Company’s policy to recognize interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. No significant income tax uncertainties were identified as a result of the Company’s evaluation of its income tax position. Therefore, the Company recognized no adjustment for unrecognized income tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. The Company is no longer subject to examination by taxing authorities for years before 2013. Tax years 2013 through the present, with limited exception, remain open to examination.

17. Stockholders’ Equity and Regulatory Matters

The Company is authorized to issue 500,000 shares of preferred stock with no par value. The Board has the ability to fix the voting, dividend, redemption and other rights of the preferred stock, which can be issued in one or more series. No shares of preferred stock have been issued.

The Company has a dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan. Under this plan, additional shares of Juniata Valley Financial Corp. stock may be purchased at the prevailing market prices with reinvested dividends and voluntary cash payments, within limits. To the extent that shares are not available in the open market, the Company has reserved common stock to be issued under the plan. Any adjustment in capitalization of the Company will result in a proportionate adjustment to the reserved shares for this plan. At December 31, 2016, 141,887 shares were available for issuance under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan.

The Company periodically repurchases shares of its common stock under a share repurchase program approved by the Board of Directors. Repurchases have typically been through open market transactions and have complied with all regulatory restrictions on the timing and amount of such repurchases. Shares repurchased have been added to treasury stock and accounted for at cost. These shares may be reissued for stock option exercises, stock awards, employee stock purchase plan purchases, to fulfill dividend reinvestment program needs and to supply shares needed for exchange in an acquisition. During 2016, 2015 and 2014, 49,370, 3,504 and 12,322 shares, respectively, were repurchased in conjunction with this program. Remaining shares authorized in the program were 178,279 as of December 31, 2016. On November 30, 2015, 555,555 treasury shares were reissued to former FNBPA shareholders in conjunction with the acquisition of FNBPA.

The Company and the Bank are subject to risk-based capital standards by which bank holding companies and banks are evaluated in terms of capital adequacy. These regulatory capital requirements are administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s and the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s and Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to each maintain minimum amounts and ratios. The requirements were revised and became effective on a phased-in basis beginning January 1, 2015 and include the establishment of a Common Equity Tier I level. Juniata’s and the Bank’s Total, Tier I and Common Equity Tier I capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined in the regulations), and Tier I capital (as defined in the regulations) to average assets (as defined in the regulations) are set forth in the table below. The new risk-based capital rules require that banks and holding companies maintain a “capital conservation buffer” of 250 basis points in excess of the “minimum capital ratio”. The minimum capital ratio is equal to the prompt corrective action adequately capitalized threshold ratio. The capital conservation buffer will be phased in over four years beginning on January 1, 2016, with a maximum buffer of 0.625% of risk weighted assets for 2016, 1.25% for 2017, 1.875% for 2018 and 2.5% for 2019 and thereafter. Failure to maintain the required capital conservation buffer will result in limitations on capital distributions and on discretionary bonuses to executive officers. Management believes, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, that the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.

As of December 31, 2016, the most recent notification from the regulatory banking agencies categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as “well capitalized”, the Bank must maintain minimum Total risk-based, Tier I risk-based, Common Equity Tier I risk-based and Tier I leverage ratios as set forth in the table. To the knowledge of management, there are no conditions or events since these notifications that have changed the Bank’s category.

The table below provides a comparison of the Company’s and the Bank’s risk-based capital ratios and leverage ratios to the minimum regulatory requirements as of the dates indicated (dollars in thousands).

						Minimum					Minimum
						Requirement					Capital
Juniata Valley Financial Corp. (Consolidated)						For Capital					Adequacy
						Adequacy					With Capital
	Actual					Purposes					Buffer
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
As of December 31, 2016:
Total Capital	$	58,375		15.34	%	$	30,442		8.00	%	$	32,820		8.625	%
(to Risk Weighted Assets)
Tier 1 Capital		55,331		14.54	%		22,831		6.00	%		25,210		6.625	%
(to Risk Weighted Assets)
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital		55,331		14.54	%		17,124		4.50	%		19,502		5.125	%
(to Risk Weighted Assets)
Tier 1 Capital		55,331		9.68	%		22,872		4.00	%		22,872		4.000	%
(to Average Assets) Leverage

As of December 31, 2015:
Total Capital	$	57,098		15.03	%	$	30,385		8.00	%		N/A		N/A
(to Risk Weighted Assets)
Tier 1 Capital		54,338		14.31	%		22,789		6.00	%		N/A		N/A
(to Risk Weighted Assets)
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital		54,338		14.31	%		17,092		4.50	%		N/A		N/A
(to Risk Weighted Assets)
Tier 1 Capital		54,338		11.23	%		19,352		4.00	%		N/A		N/A
(to Average Assets) Leverage

																Minimum Regulatory
						Minimum					Minimum					Requirements to be
						Requirement					Capital					"Well Capitalized"
The Juniata Valley Bank						For Capital					Adequacy					under Prompt
						Adequacy					With Capital					Corrective
	Actual					Purposes					Buffer					Action Provisions
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
As of December 31, 2016:
Total Capital	$	51,102		13.60	%	$	30,053		8.00	%	$	32,401		8.625	%	$	37,566		10.00	%
(to Risk Weighted Assets)
Tier 1 Capital		48,217		12.84	%		15,026		4.00	%		24,888		6.625	%		30,053		8.00	%
(to Risk Weighted Assets)
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital		48,217		12.84	%		16,905		4.50	%		19,253		5.125	%		24,418		6.50	%
(to Risk Weighted Assets)
Tier 1 Capital		48,217		8.39	%		22,991		4.00	%		22,991		4.000	%		28,739		5.00	%
(to Average Assets) Leverage

As of December 31, 2015:
Total Capital	$	51,491		14.11	%	$	29,186		8.00	%		N/A		N/A		$	36,482		10.00	%
(to Risk Weighted Assets)
Tier 1 Capital		48,861		13.39	%		14,593		4.00	%		N/A		N/A			29,186		8.00	%
(to Risk Weighted Assets)
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital		48,861		13.39	%		16,417		4.50	%		N/A		N/A			23,713		6.50	%
(to Risk Weighted Assets)
Tier 1 Capital		48,861		10.21	%		19,146		4.00	%		N/A		N/A			23,932		5.00	%
(to Average Assets) Leverage

Certain regulatory restrictions exist regarding the ability of the Bank to transfer funds to the Company in the form of cash dividends, loans or advances. At December 31, 2016, $33,218,000 of undistributed earnings of the Bank, included in the consolidated stockholders’ equity, was available for distribution to the Company as dividends without prior regulatory approval, subject to the regulatory capital requirements above.

18. Calculation Of Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (EPS) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the Company. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate solely to outstanding stock options and are determined using the treasury stock method. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(Amounts, except earnings per share, in thousands)

Net income	$	5,156	$	3,058	$	4,216

Weighted-average common shares outstanding		4,801		4,240		4,193

Basic earnings per share	$	1.07	$	0.72	$	1.01

Weighted-average common shares outstanding		4,801		4,240		4,193

Common stock equivalents due to effect of stock options		1		1		-

Total weighted-average common shares and equivalents	$	4,802	$	4,241	$	4,193

Diluted earnings per share	$	1.07	$	0.72	$	1.01

Anti-dilutive stock options outstanding		401		103		100

19. Accumulated other Comprehensive loss

Components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax as of December 31 of each of the last three years consist of the following (in thousands):

	12/31/2016			12/31/2015			12/31/2014
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities	$	(866	)	$	96		$	296
Unrecognized expense for defined benefit pension		(2,343	)		(2,299	)		(2,493	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(3,209	)	$	(2,203	)	$	(2,197	)

20. Fair Value Measurement

Fair value measurement and disclosure guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. Additional guidance is provided on determining when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability has significantly decreased. The guidance also includes guidance on identifying circumstances when a transaction may not be considered orderly.

Fair value measurement and disclosure guidance provides a list of factors that a reporting entity should evaluate to determine whether there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability in relation to normal market activity for the asset or liability. When the reporting entity concludes there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, further analysis of the information from that market is needed, and significant adjustments to the related prices may be necessary to estimate fair value in accordance with fair value measurement and disclosure guidance.

This guidance clarifies that, when there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, some transactions may not be orderly. In those situations, the entity must evaluate the weight of the evidence to determine whether the transaction is orderly. The guidance provides a list of circumstances that may indicate that a transaction is not orderly. A transaction price that is not associated with an orderly transaction is given little, if any, weight when estimating fair value.

Fair value measurement and disclosure guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The price in the principal (or most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability is not adjusted for transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities; it is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact and (iv) willing to transact.

Fair value measurement and disclosure guidance requires the use of valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets and liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount on a discounted basis. The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost). Valuation techniques should be consistently applied. Inputs to valuation techniques refer to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Inputs may be observable, meaning those that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, or unobservable, meaning those that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. In that regard, the guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 Inputs – Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

An asset’s or liability’s placement in the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below.

In general, fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where available. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that primarily use, as inputs, observable market-based parameters. Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments may include amounts to reflect counterparty credit quality, the Company’s creditworthiness, among other things, as well as unobservable parameters. Any such valuation adjustments are applied consistently over time. The Company’s valuation methodologies may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. While management believes the Company’s valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.

Securities Available for Sale

Debt securities classified as available for sale are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurement from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the debt securities’ terms and conditions, among other things. Equity securities classified as available for sale are reported at fair value using Level 1 inputs.

Impaired Loans

Certain impaired loans are reported on a non-recurring basis at the fair value of the underlying collateral since repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Other Real Estate Owned

Certain assets included in other real estate owned are carried at fair value as a result of impairment and accordingly are presented as measured on a non-recurring basis. Values are estimated using Level 3 inputs, based on appraisals that consider the sales prices of property in the proximate vicinity.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

The fair value of servicing assets is based on the present value of estimated future cash flows on pools of mortgages stratified by rate and maturity date and are considered Level 3 inputs.

The following table summarizes financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value (in thousands). There were no transfers of assets between fair value Level 1 and Level 2 during the years ended December 31, 2016 or 2015.

			(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
			Quoted Prices in		Significant		Significant
			Active Markets		Other		Other
	December 31,		for Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	2016		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Debt securities available-for-sale:
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies and corporations	$	35,799	$	-	$	35,799	$	-
Obligations of state and political subdivisions		26,659		-		26,659		-
Mortgage-backed securities		85,702		-		85,702		-
Equity securities available-for-sale		2,328		2,328		-		-

Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
Impaired loans		2,563		-		-		2,563
Other real estate owned		358		-		-		358
Mortgage servicing rights		205		-		-		205

			(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
			Quoted Prices in		Significant		Significant
			Active Markets		Other		Other
	December 31,		for Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	2015		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Debt securities available-for-sale:
Obligations of U.S. Government agencies and corporations	$	32,732	$	-	$	32,732	$	-
Obligations of state and political subdivisions		29,535		-		29,535		-
Mortgage-backed securities		87,741		-		87,741		-
Equity securities available-for-sale		2,319		2,319		-		-

Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
Impaired loans		2,232		-		-		2,232
Other real estate owned		150		-		-		150
Mortgage servicing rights		205		-		-		205

The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which Level 3 inputs have been used to determine fair value (in thousands):

December 31, 2016	Fair Value Estimate		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range			Weighted Average

Impaired loans	$	2,563	Appraisal of collateral (1)	Appraisal and liquidation adjustments (2)		7% - 58%			8.9	%
Other real estate owned		358	Appraisal of collateral (1)	Appraisal and liquidation adjustments (2)		30 - 72%			46	%
Mortgage servicing rights		205	Multiple of annual servicing fee	Estimated pre-payment speed, based on rate and term		300% - 400%			368	%

December 31, 2015	Fair Value Estimate		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range			Weighted Average

Impaired loans	$	2,232	Appraisal of collateral (1)	Appraisal and liquidation adjustments (2)		7% - 37%			16.1	%
Other real estate owned		150	Appraisal of collateral (1)	Appraisal and liquidation adjustments (2)		32	%		32	%
Mortgage servicing rights		205	Multiple of annual servicing fee	Estimated pre-payment speed, based on rate and term		300% - 400%			364	%

(1)

Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral that generally include various level 3 inputs which are not identifiable.

(2)

Appraisals may be adjusted downward by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. The range of liquidation expenses and other appraisal adjustments are presented as a percent of the appraisal.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent weaknesses in any estimation technique. Therefore, the fair value estimates herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in sales transactions on the dates indicated. The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of their respective year ends and have not been re-evaluated or updated for purposes of these consolidated financial statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different from the amounts reported at each year end.

The information presented below should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is provided only for a limited portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful.

The following describes the estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments as well as the significant methods and assumptions not previously disclosed used to determine these estimated fair values.

Carrying values approximate fair value for cash and due from banks, interest-bearing demand deposits with banks, restricted stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank, loans held for sale, interest receivable, mortgage servicing rights, non-interest bearing deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, short-term borrowings and interest payable. Other than cash and due from banks, which are considered Level 1 inputs, and mortgage servicing rights, which are Level 3 inputs, these instruments are Level 2 inputs.

Interest bearing time deposits with banks - The estimated fair value is determined by discounting the contractual future cash flows, using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Loans – For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and which entail no significant changes in credit risk, carrying values approximated fair value. Substantially all commercial loans and real estate mortgages are variable rate loans. The fair value of other loans (i.e. consumer loans and fixed-rate real estate mortgages) are estimated by calculating the present value of the cash flow difference between the current rate and the market rate, for the average maturity, discounted quarterly at the market rate.

Fixed rate time deposits - The estimated fair value is determined by discounting the contractual future cash flows, using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Long-term debt and other interest bearing liabilities – The fair values are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on incremental borrowing rates for similar types of arrangements.

Commitments to extend credit and letters of credit – The fair value of commitments to extend credit is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account market interest rates, the remaining terms and present credit-worthiness of the counterparties. The fair value of guarantees and letters of credit is based on fees currently charged for similar agreements.

The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows (in thousands):

Financial Instruments

(in thousands)

	December 31, 2016				December 31, 2015
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
	Value		Value		Value		Value
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	9,464	$	9,464	$	10,385	$	10,385
Interest bearing deposits with banks		95		95		73		73
Interest bearing time deposits with banks		350		350		350		350
Securities		150,488		150,488		152,327		152,327
Restricted investment in FHLB stock		3,610		3,610		3,509		3,509
Loans held for sale		-		-		1,808		1,808
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses		375,574		366,660		374,565		373,078
Mortgage servicing rights		205		205		205		205
Accrued interest receivable		1,582		1,582		1,806		1,806

Financial liabilities:
Non-interest bearing deposits		104,006		104,006		106,667		106,667
Interest bearing deposits		351,816		354,628		350,459		352,859
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		4,496		4,496		4,996		4,996
Short-term borrowings		27,700		27,700		30,061		30,061
Long-term debt		25,000		24,963		22,500		22,482
Other interest bearing liabilities		1,545		1,549		1,471		1,476
Accrued interest payable		268		268		238		238

Off-balance sheet financial instruments:
Commitments to extend credit		-		-		-		-
Letters of credit		-		-		-		-

The following presents the carrying amount, fair value and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments not previously disclosed as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, in thousands. This table excludes financial instruments for which the carrying amount approximates fair value.

					(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
					Quoted Prices in
					Active Markets		Significant		Significant
					for Identical		Other		Other
December 31, 2016	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Assets or Liabilities		Observable Inputs		Unobservable Inputs
Financial instruments - Assets
Interest bearing time deposits with banks	$	350	$	350	$	-	$	350	$	-
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses		375,574		366,660		-		-		366,660
Financial instruments - Liabilities
Interest bearing deposits		351,816		354,628		-		354,628		-
Long-term debt		25,000		24,963		-		24,963		-
Other interest bearing liabilities		1,545		1,549		-		1,549		-

					(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
					Quoted Prices in
					Active Markets		Significant		Significant
					for Identical		Other		Other
December 31, 2015	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Assets or Liabilities		Observable Inputs		Unobservable Inputs
Financial instruments - Assets
Interest bearing time deposits with banks	$	350	$	350	$	-	$	350	$	-
Loans held for sale		1,808		1,808		-		1,808		-
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses		374,565		373,078		-		-		373,078
Financial instruments - Liabilities
Interest bearing deposits		350,459		352,859		-		352,859		-
Long-term debt		22,500		22,482		-		22,482		-
Other interest bearing liabilities		1,471		1,476		-		1,476		-

21. Employee Benefit Plans

Long-Term Incentive Plan

The Company maintains the 2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), that amended and restated the former 2011 Stock Option Plan (the “2011 Plan”). The Plan continues in effect any outstanding awards under the 2011 Plan in accordance with the terms and conditions governing such awards immediately prior to the effective date of the Plan but expanded the types of awards authorized to include, among others, restricted stock. Under the provisions of the Plan, while active, options and other types of stock compensation can be granted to officers and key employees of the Company, as well as Directors.

The Plan is administered by a committee of the Board of Directors. The Committee determines, among other things, which officers and key employees receive stock compensation, the number of shares to be subject to each award, the option price, the duration of the option and the restricted period, as appropriate. The aggregate number of shares that may be issued upon the exercise of options under the Plan is 300,000 shares, and 174,825 shares were available for grant as of December 31, 2016.

During 2016, certain officers and key employees were issued restricted stock awards totaling 3,150 shares of Company stock. The awards carry a three-year restriction, until 2019. A recipient of the restricted shares will forfeit those shares in their entirety if employment is terminated prior to the vesting date for reasons other than retirement, death or disability. On the date of the awards, the fair value of the Company stock was $17.49 per share.

No stock options were awarded in 2016. Options granted prior to 2016 vest over three to five years and are exercisable at the grant price, which is at least the fair market value of the stock on the grant date. The Plan provides that the option price per share is not to be less than the fair market value of the stock on the day the option was granted, but in no event less than the par value of such stock. Options granted under the Plan are exercisable no earlier than one year after the date of grant and expire ten years after the date of the grant. All options previously granted under the Plans are scheduled to expire through February 17, 2025.

Total options outstanding at December 31, 2016 have exercise prices between $17.22 and $21.10, with a weighted average exercise price of $17.97 and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 6.0 years.

As of December 31, 2016, there was $73,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized through 2020.

Cash received from option exercises under the Plans for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $53,000. No options were exercised in 2014 or 2016.

A summary of the status of the outstanding stock options as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, and changes during the years ending on those dates is presented below:

	2016					2015					2014
	Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at beginning of year		142,524		$	18.07		109,816		$	18.13		83,930		$	18.50
Granted		-			-		35,800			17.80		33,525			17.72
Exercised		-			-		(3,092	)		17.22		-			-
Forfeited		(3,369	)		22.36		-			-		(7,639	)		20.44
Outstanding at end of year		139,155		$	17.97		142,524		$	18.07		109,816		$	18.13

Options exercisable at year-end		97,584					70,920					51,396

Weighted-average fair value of of options granted during the year									$	1.90				$	1.96

Intrinsic value of options exercised during the year									$	866				$	-

Intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2016				$	20,017

The following table summarizes characteristics of stock options as of December 31, 2016:

			Outstanding				Exercisable
Grant Date	Exercise Price		Shares		Contractual Average Life (Years)		Shares
10/16/2007		20.05		4,425		0.79		4,425
10/21/2008		21.10		6,100		1.80		6,100
10/20/2009		17.22		6,605		2.80		6,605
9/20/2011		17.75		13,850		4.72		13,850
3/20/2012		18.00		17,050		5.22		15,950
2/19/2013		17.65		21,800		6.14		18,160
2/18/2014		17.72		33,525		7.13		21,225
2/17/2015		17.80		35,800		8.13		11,269
				139,155				97,584

Defined Benefit Retirement Plans

The Company sponsors a defined benefit retirement plan (The Juniata Valley Bank Retirement Plan (“JVB Plan”)) which covers substantially all of its employees employed prior to December 31, 2007. As of January 1, 2008, the JVB Plan was amended to close the plan to new entrants. All active participants as of December 31, 2007 became 100% vested in their accrued benefit and, as long as they remained eligible, continued to accrue benefits until December 31, 2012. The benefits are based on years of service and the employee’s compensation. Effective December 31, 2012, the JVB Plan was amended to cease future service accruals after that date (i.e., it was frozen).

As a result of the FNBPA acquisition, the Company assumed sponsorship of a second defined benefit retirement plan (Retirement Plan for the First National Bank of Port Allegany (“FNB Plan”)) as of November 30, 2015, which covers substantially all former FNBPA employees that were employed prior to September 30, 2008. The FNBPA Plan was amended as of December 31, 2015 to cease future service accruals to previously unfrozen participants and is now considered to be “frozen”. Effective December 31, 2016, the FNB Plan was merged into the JVB Plan, which was amended to provide the same benefits to the class of participants previously included in the FNB Plan.

The Company’s funding policy is to contribute annually no more than the maximum amount that can be deducted for federal income tax purposes. Contributions are intended to provide for benefits attributed to service through December 31, 2012. The Company does not expect to contribute to the JVB Plan in 2017.

Management expects to record a $150,000 net periodic expense in 2017 for the JVB Plan, which includes expected amortization out of accumulated other comprehensive loss. The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, debt and equity instruments included in the JVB Plan’s assets at fair value as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands). Assets included in the JVB Plan that are not valued in the hierarchy table consist of cash and cash equivalents, totaling $179,000 and $250,000, at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

			(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
			Quoted Prices in		Significant Other		Significant Other
	December 31,		Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	2016		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
U.S. Government and agency securities	$	102	$	-	$	102	$	-
Corporate bonds and notes		3,501		-		3,501		-
Mutual funds
Value funds		3,066		3,066		-		-
Blend funds		3,411		3,411		-		-
Growth funds		2,590		2,590		-		-
Money market funds		991		991		-		-
	$	13,661	$	10,058	$	3,603	$	-

			(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
			Quoted Prices in		Significant Other		Significant Other
	December 31,		Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	2015		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
U.S. Government and agency securities	$	325	$	-	$	325	$	-
Corporate bonds and notes		4,156		-		4,156		-
Mutual funds
Value funds		1,878		1,878		-		-
Blend funds		1,433		1,433		-		-
Growth funds		1,500		1,500		-		-
Money market funds		172		172		-		-
	$	9,464	$	4,983	$	4,481	$	-

The measurement date for the JVB Plan is December 31. Information pertaining to the activity in the defined benefit plan is as follows (in thousands):

	Years ended December 31,
	2016			2015
Change in projected benefit obligation (PBO)
PBO at beginning of year	$	10,863		$	11,473
Assumption of liability from FNB Plan		5,061			-
Interest cost		666			450
Change in assumptions		305			(623	)
Actuarial loss		114			37
Benefits paid		(677	)		(474	)
PBO at end of year	$	16,332		$	10,863

Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$	9,713		$	10,130
Transfer of FNB Plan assets		3,903			-
Actual return on plan assets, net of expenses		901			57
Benefits paid		(677	)		(474	)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	$	13,840		$	9,713

Funded status, included in other (liabilities) assets	$	(2,492	)	$	(1,150	)

Amounts recognized in accumulated comprehensive loss before income taxes consist of:
Unrecognized actual loss	$	(3,550	)	$	(3,483	)

Accumulated benefit obligation	$	16,332		$	10,863

For the year ended December 31, 2015, the mortality assumptions were derived using the Adjusted RP-2014 White Collar Mortality Table. Incorporated into the most recent table are rates projected generationally using Scale MP-2015 to reflect mortality improvement. The impact on the benefit obligation for the mortality assumption change in 2015 was a decrease in the projected benefit obligation of $623,000. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the mortality assumptions were derived using the Adjusted RP-2014 White Collar Mortality Table. Incorporated into the table are rates projected generationally using Scale MP-2016 to reflect mortality improvement. The impact on the benefit obligation for the mortality assumption change in 2016 was an increase in the projected benefit obligation of $305,000.

Pension expense for the JVB Plan included the following components for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):

	2016			2015			2014

Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	$	666		$	450		$	426
Expected return on plan assets		(795	)		(592	)		(518	)
Recognized net actuarial loss		248			242			40
Net periodic benefit cost		119			100			(52	)

Net loss (gain)		173			(52	)		2,441
Amortization of net loss		(248	)		(242	)		(40	)
Net amortization (accretion)		-			-			-
Total recognized in other comprehensive loss (income)	$	(75	)	$	(294	)	$	2,401

Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other
comprehensive loss (income)	$	44		$	(194	)	$	2,349

Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations were:

	2016			2015			2014
Discount rate		4.00	%		4.25	%		4.00	%
Rate of compensation increase		N/A			N/A			N/A

Assumptions used to determine the net periodic benefit cost were:

	2016			2015			2014
Discount rate		4.25	%		4.00	%		4.75	%
Expected long-term return on plan assets		6.00			6.00			5.25
Rate of compensation increase		N/A			N/A			N/A

The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, debt and equity instruments included in the FNB Plan’s assets at fair value as of December 31, 2015 (in thousands).

			(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
			Quoted Prices in		Significant Other		Significant Other
	December 31,		Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	2015		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Mutual funds
Aggressive growth funds	$	1,003	$	1,003	$	-	$	-
Growth funds		589		589		-		-
Growth and income funds		1,433		1,433		-		-
Income		878		878		-		-
	$	3,903	$	3,903	$	-	$	-

The measurement date for the FNB Plan was December 31. Information pertaining to the activity in the defined benefit plan in 2015 is as follows (in thousands):

	2015
Change in projected benefit obligation (PBO)
PBO at December 1, 2015	$	5,249
Service cost		3
Interest cost		18
Change in assumptions		(87	)
Curtailment gain ($108) net of actuarial loss $2		(106	)
Benefits paid		(16	)
PBO at end of year	$	5,061

Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at December 1, 2015	$	4,001
Actual return on plan assets, net of expenses		(82	)
Benefits paid		(16	)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	$	3,903

Funded status, included in other (liabilities) assets	$	(1,158	)

Accumulated benefit obligation	$	5,061

Pension expense for the FNB Plan included the following components for the year ended December 31 (in thousands):

	2015
Service cost during the year	$	3
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation		18
Expected return on plan assets		(23	)
Net periodic benefit gain		(2	)

Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other
comprehensive income	$	(2	)

Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations were:

	2015
Discount rate		4.25	%
Rate of compensation increase		N/A

Assumptions used to determine the net periodic benefit cost were:

	2015
Discount rate		4.00	%
Expected long-term return on plan assets		6.00
Rate of compensation increase		N/A

The investment strategy and investment policy for the JVB Plan is to target the plan assets to contain 60% equity and 40% fixed income securities. The asset allocation as of December 31, 2016 was approximately 33% fixed income securities, 66% equities and 1% cash equivalents in the JVB Plan.

Future expected benefit payments (in thousands):

		2017				2018				2019				2020				2021				2022-2026
Estimated future benefit payments		$	671			$	712			$	797			$	813			$	827			$	4,338

Defined Contribution Plan

The Company has a Defined Contribution Plan under which employees, through payroll deductions, are able to defer portions of their compensation. The Company makes an annual non-elective fully vested contribution equal to 3% of compensation to each eligible participant. As of December 31, 2016, a liability of $214,000 was recorded to satisfy this obligation, and was credited to employees’ accounts by January 31, 2017. This liability at December 31, 2015 totaled $192,000 and was credited to employee accounts during 2016. Expense incurred under this plan was $211,000, $192,000 and $180,000 in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Defined Contribution Plan also includes an employer matching contribution for employees that elect to defer compensation into this program. The matching contribution in 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $179,000, $162,000 and $147,000, respectively.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan under which employees, through payroll deductions, are able to purchase shares of Company stock annually. The option price of the stock purchases is between 95% and 100% of the fair market value of the stock on the offering termination date as determined annually by the Board of Directors. The maximum number of shares which employees may purchase under the Plan is 250,000; however, the annual issuance of shares may not exceed 5,000 shares plus any unissued shares from prior offerings. There were 3,764 shares issued in 2016, 3,242 shares issued in 2015 and 3,497 shares issued in 2014 under this plan. At December 31, 2016, there were 177,054 shares reserved for issuance under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

Supplemental Retirement Plans

The Company has non-qualified supplemental retirement plans for directors and key employees. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the present value of the future liability associated with these plans was $323,000 and $392,000, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, $30,000, $34,000 and $39,000, respectively, was charged to expense in connection with these plans. The Company offsets the cost of these plans through the purchase of bank-owned life insurance and annuities. See Note 9.

Deferred Compensation Plans

The Company has entered into deferred compensation agreements with certain directors to provide each director an additional retirement benefit, or to provide their beneficiary a benefit, in the event of pre-retirement death. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the present value of the future liability was $1,570,000 and $1,504,000, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, $32,000, $30,000 and $33,000, respectively, was charged to expense in connection with these plans. The Company offsets the cost of these plans through the purchase of bank-owned life insurance. See Note 9.

Salary Continuation Plans

The Company has non-qualified salary continuation plans for key employees. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the present value of the future liability was $1,251,000 and $1,178,000, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, $185,000, $119,000 and $118,000, respectively, was charged to expense in connection with these plans. The Company offsets the cost of these plans through the purchase of bank-owned life insurance. See Note 9.

22. Financial Instruments With Off-Balance Sheet Risk

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments may include commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk that are not recognized in the consolidated financial statements.

Exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making these commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. The Company controls the credit risk of its financial instruments through credit approvals, limits and monitoring procedures; however, it does not generally require collateral for such financial instruments since there is no principal credit risk.

A summary of the Company’s financial instrument commitments is as follows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2016		2015
Commitments to grant loans	$	56,095	$	42,619
Unfunded commitments under lines of credit		3,889		4,661
Outstanding letters of credit		2,300		2,586

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since portions of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Bank evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained by the Bank upon extension of credit is based on management's credit evaluation of the counter-party. Collateral held varies but may include personal or commercial real estate, accounts receivable, inventory and equipment.

Outstanding letters of credit are instruments issued by the Bank that guarantee the beneficiary payment by the Bank in the event of default by the Bank’s customer in the non-performance of an obligation or service. Most letters of credit are extended for one year periods. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Bank holds collateral supporting those commitments for which collateral is deemed necessary. The amount of the liability as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 for guarantees under letters of credit issued is not material.

23. Related-Party Transactions

The Bank has granted loans to certain of its executive officers, directors and their related interests. These loans were made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with unrelated persons and, in the opinion of management, do not involve more than normal risk of collection. The aggregate dollar amount of these loans was $6,443,000 and $4,749,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. During 2016, $12,273,000 of new loans were made and repayments totaled $10,579,000. None of these loans were past due, in non-accrual status or restructured at December 31, 2016 or 2015.

24. Commitments And Contingent Liabilities

In 2009, the Company executed an agreement to obtain technology outsourcing services through an outside service bureau, and those services began in June 2010. The agreement provides for termination fees if the Company cancels the services prior to the end of the 8-year commitment period. The termination fee would be an amount equal to one hundred percent of the estimated remaining value of the terminated services if terminated in the first contract year, ninety percent of the estimated remaining value of the terminated services if terminated in the second contract year, eighty percent and seventy percent of the remaining value of the terminated services if terminated in the third and fourth contract years, respectively, and sixty percent of the remaining value of the terminated services if terminated in contract years five through eight. Termination fees are estimated to be approximately $475,000 at December 31, 2016. Since the Company does not expect to terminate these services prior to the end of the commitment period, no liability has been recorded at December 31, 2016.

The Company, from time to time, may be a defendant in legal proceedings relating to the conduct of its banking business. Most of such legal proceedings are a normal part of the banking business and, in management's opinion, the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company would not be materially affected by the outcome of such legal proceedings.

Additionally, the Company has committed to fund and sell qualifying residential mortgage loans to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh in the total amount of $10,000,000. As of December 31, 2016, $5,978,000 remains to be delivered on that commitment, of which $112,000 has been committed to borrowers.

25 . Subsequent Events

In January 2017, the Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.22 per share to shareholders of record on February 15, payable on March 1, 2017.

26. Juniata Valley Financial Corp. (Parent Company Only)

Financial information:

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands)

	December 31,
	2016		2015
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	96	$	89
Investment in bank subsidiary		52,674		54,279
Investment in unconsolidated subsidiary		4,703		4,553
Investment securities available for sale		1,841		1,399
Other assets		469		143
TOTAL ASSETS	$	59,783	$	60,463

LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and other liabilities	$	693	$	501

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY		59,090		59,962
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	59,783	$	60,463

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
INCOME
Interest and dividends on investment securities available for sale	$	59		$	34		$	32
Dividends from bank subsidiary		5,624			3,900			3,691
Income from unconsolidated subsidiary		222			238			236
Gain on sale of securities		166			19			-
Other non-interest income		-			1			1
TOTAL INCOME		6,071			4,192			3,960
EXPENSE
Merger-related expenses		66			279			-
Other non-interest expense		157			131			132
TOTAL EXPENSE		223			410			132
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND EQUITY IN UNDISTRIBUTED NET INCOME OF SUBSIDIARY		5,848			3,782			3,828
Income tax expense		47			27			25
		5,801			3,755			3,803
Undistributed net income (loss) of subsidiary		(645	)		(697	)		413
NET INCOME	$	5,156		$	3,058		$	4,216
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	4,150		$	3,052		$	3,678

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	5,156		$	3,058		$	4,216
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Undistributed net loss (income) of subsidiary		645			697			(413	)
Realized gains on sales of investment securities		(166	)		(19	)		-
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiary, net of dividends of $55, $55 and $48		(167	)		(183	)		(188	)
Stock-based compensation expense		67			57			47
Increase in other assets		(413	)		(112	)		(87	)
Increase in taxes payable		191			72			65
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and other liabilities		1			14			(20	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		5,314			3,584			3,620

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of available for sale securities		(470	)		-			-
Proceeds from the sale of available for sale securities		252			9			-
Net cash received from acquisition		-			4			-
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(218	)		13			-

Cash flows from financing activities:
Cash dividends		(4,226	)		(3,687	)		(3,690	)
Purchase of treasury stock		(927	)		(63	)		(222	)
Common stock issued for stock plans		64			110			59
Net cash used in financing activities		(5,089	)		(3,640	)		(3,853	)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		7			(43	)		(233	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		89			132			365
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	96		$	89		$	132

27. Quarterly Results Of Operations (Unaudited)

The unaudited quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 follow (in thousands, except per-share data):

	2016 Quarter ended
	March 31			June 30		September 30		December 31
Total interest income	$	5,187		$	5,077	$	5,049	$	5,156
Total interest expense		558			546		561		603
Net interest income		4,629			4,531		4,488		4,553
Provision for loan losses		121			113		132		100
Securities gains		-			128		6		84
Other income		1,179			1,217		1,565		1,239
Merger and acquisition expense		58			314		-		(25	)
Other expense		4,082			4,172		4,330		4,247
Income before income taxes		1,547			1,277		1,597		1,554
Income tax expense		255			162		150		252
Net income	$	1,292		$	1,115	$	1,447	$	1,302
Per-share data:
Basic earnings	$	.27		$	.23	$	.30	$	.27
Diluted earnings		.27			.23		.30		.27
Cash dividends		.22			.22		.22		.22

	2015 Quarter ended
	March 31			June 30		September 30		December 31
Total interest income	$	4,226		$	4,220	$	4,282	$	4,651
Total interest expense		565			496		479		502
Net interest income		3,661			3,724		3,803		4,149
Provision for loan losses		50			112		140		200
Securities gains (losses)		(17	)		1		19		10
Other income		1,017			1,129		1,175		1,171
Merger and acquisition expense		10			48		153		1,595
Other expense		3,594			3,573		3,549		3,677
Income before income taxes		1,007			1,121		1,155		(142	)
Income tax expense (benefit)		83			120		146		(266	)
Net income	$	924		$	1,001	$	1,009	$	124
Per-share data:
Basic earnings	$	.22		$	.24	$	.24	$	.02
Diluted earnings		.22			.24		.24		.02
Cash dividends		.22			.22		.22		.22

Common Stock Market Prices and Dividends

The common stock of Juniata Valley Financial Corp. is quoted under the symbol “JUVF” on the over-the-counter (“OTC-Pink”) Electronic Bulletin Board, a regulated electronic quotation service made available through, and governed by, the NASDAQ system. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had 1,824 stockholders of record.

The following table presents the quarterly high and low prices of the Company’s common stock and per common share cash dividends declared for each of the quarterly periods in 2016 and 2015.

	2016
Quarter Ended	High		Low		Dividends Declared
March 31	$	18.95	$	17.10	$	0.22
June 30		18.35		17.55		0.22
September 30		18.75		17.55		0.22
December 31		19.10		18.00		0.22

	2015
Quarter Ended	High		Low		Dividends Declared
March 31	$	18.75	$	17.80	$	0.22
June 30		18.90		17.55		0.22
September 30		19.95		17.28		0.22
December 31		19.50		17.50		0.22

As stated in “Note 17 – Stockholders’ Equity and Regulatory Matters” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company is subject to various regulatory capital requirements that limit the amount of capital available for dividends. While the Company expects to continue its policy of regular dividend payments, no assurance of future dividend payments can be given. Future dividend payments will depend upon maintenance of a strong financial condition, future earnings, capital and regulatory requirements, future prospects, business conditions and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors.

For further information on stock quotes, please contact any licensed broker-dealer, some of which make a market in Juniata Valley Financial Corp. stock.

Corporate Information

Corporate Headquarters

Juniata Valley Financial Corp.

128 Bridge Street

P.O. Box 66

Mifflintown, PA 17059

(855) 582-5101

JVBonline.com

Investor Information

JoAnn N. McMinn,

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

P.O. Box 66

Mifflintown, PA 17059

JoAnn.McMinn@JVBonline.com

Information Availability

Information about the Company’s financial performance may be found at www.JVBonline.com, following the “Investor Information” link.

All reports filed electronically by Juniata Valley Financial Corp. with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including the Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K, as well as any amendments to those reports, are also accessible at no cost on the SEC’s web site at www.SEC.gov.

Additionally, a copy of the Company’s Annual Report to the SEC on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 will be supplied without charge (except for exhibits) upon written request. Please direct all inquiries to Ms. JoAnn McMinn, as detailed above.

Pursuant to Part 350 of FDIC’s Annual Disclosure Regulation, Juniata Valley Financial Corp. will make available to you upon request, financial information about The Juniata Valley Bank. Please contact:

Ms. Danyelle Pannebaker

The Juniata Valley Bank

P.O. Box 66

Mifflintown, PA 17059

Investment Considerations

In analyzing whether to make, or to continue, an investment in Juniata Valley Financial Corp., investors should consider, among other factors, the information contained in this Annual Report and certain investment considerations and other information more fully described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, a copy of which can be obtained as described above.

Registrar and Transfer Agent

By regular mail:

Computershare

P.O. Box 30170

College Station, TX 77842-3170

United States

By overnight delivery

Computershare

211 Quality Circle, Suite 210

College Station, TX 77845

Telephone: (800) 368-5948

Website: www.Computershare.com/investor

Shareholders of record may access their accounts via the Internet to review account holdings and transaction history through Computershare’s website: www.Computershare.com/investor.

Information regarding the Company’s Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan, including a Prospectus, may be obtained by contacting Computershare, through the means listed above.

The Company offers a dividend direct deposit option whereby shareholders of record may have their dividends deposited directly into the bank account of their choice on the dividend payment date. Please contact Computershare for further information and to register for this service.

Annual Meeting of Shareholders

The Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Juniata Valley Financial Corp. will be held at 10:30 a.m., on Tuesday, May 16, 2017 at the Lewistown Country Club, 306 Country Club Road, Lewistown, Pennsylvania.

Exhibit 21.1

SUBSIDIARIES OF JUNIATA VALLEY FINANCIAL CORP.

Name of Subsidiary	State or Jurisdiction of Incorporation	Trade Name (If any)
The Juniata Valley Bank	Pennsylvania	None
Bridge and Main Streets
Mifflintown, PA 17059

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3D (No. 033-64369) filed with the SEC on November 17, 1995, Form S-8 (No. 333-02007) filed with the SEC on March 28, 1996, Form S-8 (No. 333-36610) filed with the SEC on May 9, 2000, Form S-3D (No. 333-129023) filed with the SEC on October 14, 2005, and Form S-8 (No. 333-174667) filed with the SEC on June 2, 2011 of Juniata Valley Financial Corp. of our reports dated March 15, 2017, relating to the consolidated financial statements and the effectiveness of Juniata Valley Financial Corp.’s internal control over financial reporting, which appear in this Annual Report to Shareholders, which is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
March 15, 2017

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Marcie A. Barber, Chief Executive Officer, certify that:

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Juniata Valley Financial Corp.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: 03/15/2017	/s/ Marcie A. Barber
	Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, JoAnn N. McMinn, Chief Financial Officer certify that:

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Juniata Valley Financial Corp.;

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: 03/15/2017	/s/ JoAnn N. McMinn
	Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 32.1

SECTION 1350 CERTIFICATION

I, Marcie A. Barber, of Juniata Valley Financial Corp., certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that:

The Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the annual period ended December 31, 2016 (“the Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m); and

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.

/s/ Marcie A. Barber
Chief Executive Officer		Date: 03/15/2017

Exhibit 32.2

SECTION 1350 CERTIFICATION

I, JoAnn N. McMinn, of Juniata Valley Financial Corp., certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that:

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.

/s/ JoAnn N. McMinn
Chief Financial Officer		Date: 03/15/2017