As filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on April 28, 2017
File No. 002-35566
811-01976
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 x
Pre-Effective Amendment No. ¨
Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 x
and
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
Amendment No. 50 x
Sequoia Fund, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
9 West 57 th Street, Suite 5000
New York, NY 10019
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)
Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: (800) 686-6884
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(Name and Address of Agent for Service) David M. Poppe c/o Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc. 9 West 57 th Street Suite 5000 New York, New York 10019 |
Copy to: Paul M. Miller Seward & Kissel LLP 901 K Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20001 |
It is proposed that this filing will become effective:
| ¨ | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) | |
| x | on May 1, 2017 pursuant to paragraph (b) | |
| ¨ | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) | |
| ¨ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) | |
| ¨ | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) | |
| ¨ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of rule 485. |
If appropriate, check the following box:
| ¨ | this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. |
SEQUOIA FUND, INC.
Ticker: SEQUX
PROSPECTUS
May 1, 2017
Sequoia Fund, Inc.
9 West 57
th
Street, Suite 5000
New York, NY 10019-2701
(800) 686-6884
THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION HAS
NOT APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED
UPON THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY
REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
The Funds investment objective is long-term growth of capital.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
The Fund does not impose any sales charges, exchange fees or redemption fees.
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
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| Management Fees | 1.00 | % | ||
| Other Expenses | .07 | % | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses* | 1.07 | % | ||
| * | Does not reflect Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc.s (the Adviser) contractual reimbursement of a portion of the Funds operating expenses. This reimbursement is a provision of the Advisers investment advisory agreement with the Fund and the reimbursement will be in effect only so long as that investment advisory agreement is in effect. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Funds annual operating expenses and investment advisory fee, net of such reimbursement, were 1.00% and 0.93%, respectively |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Funds operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
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| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |||||||||
| $109 | $340 | $590 | $1,306 | |||||||||
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or turns over its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Funds performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 16% of the average value of its portfolio.
The Funds investment objective is long-term growth of capital. In pursuing this objective, the Fund focuses on investing in equity securities that it believes are undervalued at the time of purchase and have the potential for growth. A guiding principle is the consideration of equity securities, such as common stock, as units of ownership of a business and the purchase of them when the price appears low in relation to the value of the total enterprise.
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No weight is given to technical stock market studies. The balance sheet and earnings history and prospects of each company are extensively studied to appraise fundamental intrinsic value. The Fund normally invests in equity securities of U.S. and non-U.S. companies. The Fund may invest in securities of issuers with any market capitalization. The Fund typically sells the equity security of a company when the company shows deteriorating fundamentals, its earnings progress falls short of the Advisers expectations or its valuation appears excessive relative to its expected future earnings.
Ordinarily, the Funds portfolio is invested in equity securities of U.S. and non-U.S. companies. The Fund is not required, however, to be fully invested in equity securities and, in fact, usually maintains a portion of its total assets in cash and securities generally considered to be cash equivalents, including, but not limited to, short-term U.S. Government securities. Depending upon market conditions, cash reserves may be a significant percentage of the Funds net assets. The Fund usually invests its cash reserves principally in U.S. Government securities. The Fund is classified as non-diversified.
| | Market Risk . This is the risk that the value of the Funds investments will fluctuate as the stock markets fluctuate and that prices overall will decline, perhaps severely, over short-term or long-term periods. You may lose money by investing in the Fund. |
| | Value Investing Risk . Investing in undervalued securities involves the risk that such securities may never reach their expected market value, either because the market fails to recognize a securitys intrinsic worth or the expected value was misgauged. Such securities may decline in value even though they are already undervalued. |
| | Non-Diversification Risk . The Fund is non-diversified, meaning that it invests its assets in a smaller number of companies than many other funds. As a result, your investment in the Fund has the risk that changes in the value of a single security may have a significant effect, either negative or positive, on the Funds net asset value per share (NAV). |
| | Foreign (Non-U.S.) Risk . This is the risk that the value of the Funds investments in securities of foreign issuers will be affected adversely by foreign economic, social and political conditions and developments or by the application of foreign legal, regulatory, accounting and auditing standards or foreign taxation policies or by currency fluctuations and controls. The risks to the Fund and, therefore, to your investment in the Fund, of investing in foreign securities include expropriation, settlement difficulties, market illiquidity and higher transaction costs. The prices of foreign securities may move in a different direction than the prices of U.S. securities. In addition, the prices of foreign securities may be more volatile than the prices of U.S. securities. |
| | Currency Risk . This refers to the risk that securities that trade or are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar may be affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates. An increase in the strength of the U.S. Dollar relative to a foreign currency will generally cause the U.S. Dollar value of an investment denominated in that currency to decline. Currency risk may be hedged or unhedged. Unhedged currency exposure may result in gains or losses as a result of a change in the relationship between the U.S. Dollar and the respective foreign currency. |
| | Small-Cap and Mid-Cap Company Risk . Investing in securities of small-cap and mid-cap companies may involve greater risks than investing in securities of larger, more established issuers. Small-cap and mid-cap companies may be engaged in business within a narrow geographic region, be less well-known to the investment community and have more volatile share prices. These companies often lack |
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| management depth and have narrower market penetrations, less diverse product lines and fewer resources than larger companies. Moreover, the securities of such companies often have less market liquidity and, as a result, their stock prices often react more strongly to changes in the marketplace. |
| | Risks of Investing in a Managed Fund . Performance of individual securities can vary widely. The investment decisions of the Adviser may cause the Fund to underperform other investments or benchmark indices. The Fund may also underperform other mutual funds with similar investment strategies. The Adviser may be incorrect in assessing a particular industry or company, including the anticipated earnings growth of the company. The Adviser may not buy securities at the lowest possible prices or sell securities at the highest possible prices. As with any mutual fund investment, there can be no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment goals. |
| | Liquidity Risk . When there is no willing buyer and a security cannot be readily sold at the desired time or price, the Fund may need to accept a lower price or may not be able to sell the security at all. An inability to sell securities, at the Funds desired price or at all, can adversely affect the Funds value or prevent the Fund from being able to take advantage of other investment opportunities. |
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. As with any investment, you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
Bar Chart and Performance Information
The bar chart and the table shown below provide an indication of the historical risk of an investment in the Fund by showing changes in the Funds performance from year-to-year over a 10-year period and by showing how the Funds average annual returns for one, five, and ten years compare to the Standard & Poors 500 Index (S&P 500 Index), a broad-based securities market index. The Funds past performance, of course, does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future.
During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a quarter was 12.59% (4th quarter 2011) and the lowest return for a quarter was (19.95)% (4th quarter 2008).
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(for the periods ended December 31, 2016)
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| 1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||||||
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Sequoia Fund
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| Return Before Taxes | (6.90 | )% | 7.64 | % | 5.96 | % | ||||||
| Return After Taxes on Distributions | (10.66 | )% | 6.33 | % | 4.92 | % | ||||||
| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | (1.02 | )% | 6.01 | % | 4.81 | % | ||||||
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S&P 500 Index
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| (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 11.96 | % | 14.66 | % | 6.95 | % | ||||||
After-tax returns are estimates, which are calculated using the highest historical individual federal marginal income tax rates, and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. In some instances, the Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be greater than Return Before Taxes because the investor is assumed to be able to use the capital loss of the sale of Fund shares to offset other taxable gains. Actual after-tax returns depend on an individual investors tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts.
The Funds investment adviser is Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc.
David M. Poppe is the portfolio manager of the Fund and, subject to the investment parameters established from time to time by the Investment Committee of the Adviser, is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund's portfolio. The Investment Committee, which reflects the team approach used by the Adviser, is comprised of the following voting members:
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| Employee | Title |
Length of Service
with the Fund |
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David M. Poppe*
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President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of the Fund;
President and Director of the Adviser |
Since March 2006
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| John B. Harris | Director of the Fund; Analyst of the Adviser | Since May 2016 | ||||||
| Arman Gokgol-Kline | Analyst of the Adviser | Since May 2016 | ||||||
| Trevor Magyar | Analyst of the Adviser | Since May 2016 | ||||||
| D. Chase Sheridan | Analyst of the Adviser | Since May 2016 | ||||||
| * | Chair of the Investment Committee. |
Gregory Alexander, an analyst of the Adviser, is a non-voting member of the Investment Committee.
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Your purchase of Fund shares is subject to the following minimum initial investment amounts:
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| Type of Account | Minimum Initial Investment | |||
| Regular | $5,000 | |||
| IRA | $2,500 | |||
The Fund does not impose minimum investment amounts with respect to subsequent investments.
You may redeem your shares ( i.e. , sell your shares to the Fund) on any day the New York Stock Exchange (the Exchange) is open. You may redeem Fund shares by contacting the Fund: (i) by telephone at 1-800-686-6884; (ii) in writing c/o DST Systems Inc., P.O. Box 219477, Kansas City, Missouri 64121-9477; or (iii) through the Internet at www.sequoiafund.com (if you have online transaction capabilities). You may redeem Fund shares held indirectly through a financial intermediary by contacting that financial intermediary directly.
The Fund intends to make distributions that may be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains.
The Funds investment adviser is Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc. (the Adviser), 9 West 57 th Street, Suite 5000, New York, New York 10019-2701. The Adviser is registered as an investment adviser with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Adviser, is a registered broker-dealer and a member of the Exchange.
The Adviser furnishes investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement (the Advisory Agreement). Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser receives an annual fee equal to 1.00% of the Funds average daily net assets. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is contractually obligated to reimburse the Fund for the amount, if any, by which the operating expenses of the Fund (including the investment advisory fee) in any year exceed the sum of 1½% of the average daily net asset value of the Fund for such year up to a maximum of $30 million of net assets plus 1.00% of the Funds average daily net asset value in excess of $30 million. This reimbursement will be in effect only so long as the Advisory Agreement is in effect. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Funds payment to the Adviser amounted to 0.93% of the Funds average daily net assets, after subtracting certain Fund operating expenses that the Adviser reimbursed to the Fund.
A discussion regarding the basis for the approval by the Board of Directors (the Board) of the Advisory Agreement will be available in the Funds semi-annual report to shareholders for the fiscal period ending June 30, 2017. A discussion regarding the basis for the Boards approval of the Funds prior investment advisory agreement is available in the Funds annual report to shareholders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
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David M. Poppe is the portfolio manager of the Fund and, subject to the investment parameters established from time to time by the Investment Committee of the Adviser, is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund's portfolio. The Investment Committee establishes investment parameters for the Fund and meets regularly to discuss such parameters. The following table lists the voting members of the Investment Committee and each person's principal occupation during the past five years:
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| Employee | Principal Occupation During the Past Five (5) Years | |||
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David M. Poppe*
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President and Director of the Adviser, with which he has been associated in a substantially similar capacity to his current position since prior to 2012. | |||
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John B. Harris
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Analyst of the Adviser, with which he has been associated in a substantially similar capacity to his current position since prior to 2012. | |||
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Arman Gokgol-Kline
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Analyst of the Adviser, with which he has been associated in a substantially similar capacity to his current position since prior to 2012. | |||
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Trevor R. Magyar
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Analyst of the Adviser, with which he has been associated in a substantially similar capacity to his current position since prior to 2012. | |||
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D. Chase Sheridan
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Analyst of the Adviser, with which he has been associated in a substantially similar capacity to his current position since prior to 2012. | |||
| * | Chair of the Investment Committee. Mr. Poppe, as portfolio manager of the Fund, may take actions for the Fund that are not within the investment parameters established by the Investment Committee in the event that he determines that events or circumstances require him to take such actions and it is not practicable to convene a meeting of the Investment Committee. |
Gregory Alexander, an analyst of the Adviser, with which he has been associated in a substantially similar capacity to this current position since prior to 2012, is a non-voting member of the Investment Committee.
The portfolio manager has been authorized by the Investment Committee to limit the value of the Fund's investment in any security from exceeding 20% of the Fund's net assets.
The Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI) provides additional information about the compensation of the voting members of the Investment Committee, other accounts managed by such persons, and such persons' ownership of the Funds securities.
On January 8, 2016, Stanley H. Epstein, Harriet P. Epstein, and SEP IRA A/C Peter Christopher Gardener, derivatively and on behalf of the Fund, filed a suit against the Adviser, Robert D. Goldfarb, David Poppe, Robert L. Swiggett and Roger Lowenstein (collectively, the Defendants) in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York. The Fund is also named in the suit as a Nominal Defendant. On May 9, 2016, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint, adding Edward Lazarus as an additional Defendant. The amended complaint asserts derivative claims in connection with certain of the Fund's investments against the Defendants for breach of fiduciary duty, aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty, breach of contract and gross negligence. The case is Epstein v. Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc. et al., 650100/2016, Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York (Manhattan). In February 2017, the Supreme Court granted the Defendants' motion to dismiss all claims in the action. In March 2017, the plaintiffs filed a Notice of Appeal.
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On March 14, 2016, Clive Cooper, individually and as a representative of a class, on behalf of DST Systems, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, filed a suit in the Southern District of New York against the Adviser, DST Systems, Inc., The Advisory Committee of the DST Systems, Inc. 401(K) Profit Sharing Plan, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of DST Systems, Inc., Jerome H. Bailey, Lynn Dorsey Bleil, Lowell L. Bryan, Gary D. Forsee, Gregg Wm. Givens, Charles Haldeman, Jr., Samuel G. Liss and John Does 1-20. The complaint asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty and violation of ERISA's prohibited transaction rules, co-fiduciary breach, and breach of trust in connection with certain investments made on behalf of the Plan. The case is Cooper v. DST Systems, Inc. et al., 1:16cv1900, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The plaintiffs in the action have dismissed without prejudice all claims against all of the defendants other than the Adviser, which is now the only defendant in the case. The Fund is not a defendant in this lawsuit.
The Adviser believes that the foregoing lawsuits are without merit and intends to defend itself vigorously against the allegations in them.
The Fund calculates its NAV at the close of regular trading on the Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) each day the Exchange is open for business. Generally this means any weekday exclusive of New Years Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas. To calculate the NAV, the Funds assets are valued and totaled, liabilities are subtracted, and the balance, called net assets, is divided by the number of shares outstanding. The Fund values its assets at their current market value determined on the basis of market quotations or, if such quotations are not readily available or are determined to be unreliable, at fair value as determined in accordance with procedures established by and under the general supervision of the Funds Board.
When it uses fair value pricing, the Fund may take into account various factors that it deems appropriate, including developments related to the specific security, price and trading comparisons of securities of comparable issuers, the liquidity of the market for the security and current valuations of appropriate surrogates such as American Depository Receipts or foreign futures indices. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments. Accordingly, it is possible that the fair value price determined for a security will differ materially from the price that is realized upon the sale of that security.
The Fund expects to use fair value pricing for securities primarily traded on U.S. exchanges only under limited circumstances, such as the early closing of the Exchange on which a security is traded or suspension of trading in the security. The Fund may use fair value pricing more frequently for securities primarily traded in non-U.S. markets because, among other things, most foreign markets close well before the Fund values its securities at the close of the Exchange. The earlier close of these foreign markets gives rise to the possibility that significant events, including broad market movements, may have occurred in the interim.
Subject to its oversight, the Board has delegated responsibility for valuing the Funds assets to the Adviser. The Adviser values the Funds assets in accordance with the valuation policies and procedures approved by the Board.
Your order for purchase of shares is priced at the next-determined NAV calculated after your order is received in good order (see definition under Additional Purchase Information) by the Fund. If you purchase or redeem shares on a day when the Exchange is closed, the NAV will be determined as of the close of business on the next following day that the Exchange is open for trading. Since certain securities owned by the Fund trade on foreign exchanges that trade on weekends or other days when the Fund does not price its shares, the value of the Funds assets may change on days when you are unable to purchase or redeem shares.
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The Fund reserves the right to reject any order to purchase shares (including additional investments by existing shareholders).
You may purchase shares of the Fund directly by mail, by wire transfer or through the Internet at www.sequoiafund.com (if you have online transaction capabilities) or indirectly through participating financial intermediaries that have selling or other similar arrangements with the Fund. After you have established an account with the Fund directly and made your first purchase, you may make subsequent purchases by mail or telephone or through the Internet (if you have online transaction capabilities) or the Funds automatic investment plan. The Fund accepts purchase orders for fractional shares.
The Fund reserves the right to withdraw the offering of Fund shares at any time, without notice.
Important Note to New Taxable Investors : As of March 31, 2017, the net unrealized appreciation of the Fund's portfolio was approximately 48.44% of the Fund's net assets. If the Fund sells appreciated securities and distributes the profit, the distributed appreciation will be taxable to you either as capital gains or as ordinary income, depending upon how long the Fund held the appreciated securities. You should carefully consider the potential tax effects prior to making an investment in the Fund.
Federal law requires all financial institutions, including the Fund, to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person opening an account with the Fund. If you are opening an account with the Fund and do not provide the requested information, the Fund (or its transfer agent) may not be able to open an account for you. If the Fund (or its transfer agent) is unable to verify your identity, or believes that it has identified potentially criminal activity, the Fund reserves the right to close your account or take such other action it deems reasonable or required by law.
The Fund may impose limitations or restrictions on purchases of Fund shares periodically to protect the implementation of the Funds investment strategy or objective. When Fund assets reach a level at which additional inflows can be invested without impairing the implementation of the Funds investment strategy or objective, the Fund may remove an existing limitation or restriction on purchases of Fund shares.
When the Fund imposes a limitation or restriction on purchases of Fund shares or modifies a limitation or restriction, the Fund will post information concerning the limitation or restriction or modification on its website at www.sequoiafund.com. Investors may request information about any limitation or restriction by calling the Fund at 800-686-6884.
The Fund retains the right to make exceptions to any limitation or restriction on purchases of Fund shares. The SAI provides more information about why and when the Fund may impose limitations or restrictions on purchases of Fund shares.
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To make your initial purchase of Fund shares by mail, complete the appropriate account application (located on the Funds website), make a check payable to Sequoia Fund, Inc., and send the completed account application and check to:
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If by mail: Sequoia Fund, Inc. c/o DST Systems, Inc. P.O. Box 219477 Kansas City, MO 64121-9477 |
If via express delivery,
registered or certified mail: Sequoia Fund, Inc. c/o DST Systems, Inc. 430 West 7 th Street Kansas City, MO 64105 |
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Please note that an account cannot be opened by mail without a completed and signed account application.
To make subsequent purchases by mail, make a check payable to Sequoia Fund, Inc. and mail the check to the above-referenced address that corresponds to the method of delivery. Please include your account number on the check. You will be charged a fee (minimum of $5.00) for any check used for the purchase of Fund shares that is returned unpaid.
The Fund does not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be their agents. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services of purchase orders does not constitute receipt by the Funds transfer agent. The share price used to fill the purchase order is the next price calculated by the Fund after the Funds transfer agent receives the order in proper form at the P.O. Box provided for regular mail delivery or the office address provided for express mail delivery.
The transfer agent has adopted reasonable procedures to protect against unauthorized or ambiguous transactions. Assuming the transfer agent acts properly on your instructions and follows such procedures, neither the Fund, nor the transfer agent, will be responsible for any losses due to unauthorized or ambiguous instructions.
To open an account with the Fund and make an initial purchase of Fund shares by wire, call 1-800-686-6884 for details. You must complete the appropriate account application prior to purchasing Fund shares by wire.
To make subsequent purchases by wire, wire your funds using the instructions set forth below. As indicated below, please include the Funds name and your account number on the wiring instructions.
UMB Bank, N.A.
ABA #101000695
Sequoia Fund, Inc.
DDA Acct. #9871691772
Ref: (Name and Account Number)
Wired funds must be received by the Fund prior to the close of the Exchange on any day in order to receive the Funds NAV for that day. Heavy wire traffic over the Federal Reserve System may delay the arrival of purchase orders made by wire.
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You may open only the following types of accounts at www.sequoiafund.com: individual, joint, Transfer on Death, UGMA/UTMA and Traditional, SEP, Rollover and Roth IRAs (Eligible Online Accounts). Once you have opened an account online with the Fund and registered for online transaction privileges, you may make initial and additional purchases of Fund shares online. To purchase shares online, you must have Automated Clearing House (ACH) instructions on your account. The ACH network is an electronic funds transfer system, which is governed by rules established by NACHA (National Automated Clearing House Association) (an electronic payments association) and the Federal Reserve. Purchases of Fund shares online will be completed via ACH, and the amount of the purchase will be deducted from your bank account. Your account with the Fund will be credited with Fund shares on the trade date, but the dollar amount will not post until it clears the banking system.
If you plan to purchase Fund shares through the Internet, please review the important information below under Information about Online Account Information and Transactions.
You may not make initial purchases of Fund shares by telephone. You may, however, make additional purchases of Fund shares by telephone if you have elected such option on the account application and provided the Fund with the necessary information to complete such purchases. Call 1-800-686-6884 for details. Purchases of Fund shares by telephone will be completed via ACH, and the amount of the purchase will be deducted from your bank account. Your account with the Fund will be credited with the additional shares on the trade date, but the dollar amount will not post until it clears the banking system.
You may not make initial purchases of Fund shares by ACH other than through online transaction privileges. You may, however, make additional purchases of Fund shares by ACH if you have elected the automatic investment plan option on the account application and provided the Fund with the necessary information to complete such purchases. Through the automatic investment plan, you can make fixed, periodic purchases of Fund shares by means of automatic money transfers (ACH transfers) from your bank account. Such purchases are accepted on the 1st day and 15th day of each month. Please allow up to 15 days to establish the automatic investment plan for your Fund account. The Fund may amend or terminate the terms and conditions of the automatic investment plan option at any time, and will notify you at least 30 days in advance if it does so.
You can cancel or modify the automatic investment plan with respect to your Fund account by making your cancellation or modification request: (i) in writing and sending the request to the address listed below; or (ii) through the Internet at www.sequoiafund.com.
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If by mail: Sequoia Fund, Inc. c/o DST Systems, Inc. P.O. Box 219477 Kansas City, MO 64121-9477 |
If via express delivery,
registered or certified mail: Sequoia Fund, Inc. c/o DST Systems, Inc. 430 West 7 th Street Kansas City, MO 64105 |
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Please allow up to three days to cancel or modify the automatic investment plan for your Fund account.
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Orders for the purchase of Fund shares will not be accepted unless they are in good order. A purchase order is generally in good order if an acceptable form of payment accompanies the purchase order and the order includes:
| (i) | Your account number; |
| (ii) | The number of shares to be purchased or the dollar value of the amount to be purchased; |
| (iii) | Any required signatures of all account owners exactly as they are registered on the account; |
| (iv) | Any required signature guarantees; and |
| (v) | Any supporting legal documentation that is required in the case of estates, trusts, corporations or partnerships, and for certain types of other accounts. |
Checks must be payable in U.S. dollars and must be drawn on a U.S. bank. Third-party checks ( i.e ., any check which is not made payable to the Fund, DST Systems, Inc. or a retirement account custodian), credit cards, money orders, travelers checks, bearer securities, cashiers checks and cash will not be accepted. You will be charged a fee (minimum of $5.00) for any check used for the purchase of Fund shares that is returned unpaid. If you purchased Fund shares by check, you may not receive the proceeds of a subsequent redemption request until there is a reasonable belief that the check has cleared, which may take up to 15 calendar days after the purchase date.
The transfer agent has adopted reasonable procedures to protect against unauthorized transactions made by telephone. Assuming the transfer agent acts properly on telephone instructions and follows such procedures, neither the Fund nor the transfer agent will be responsible for any losses due to transactions authorized by telephone.
You also may purchase shares for an individual retirement account, or IRA, including a Roth IRA. IRA investments are available for regular contributions as well as for qualified rollover contributions of distributions received from certain employer-sponsored pension and profit-sharing plans and from other IRAs. All assets in the IRA are automatically invested in Fund shares. There is an annual fee of $12.00 for an IRA account.
You may redeem your shares ( i.e. , sell your shares to the Fund) on any day the Exchange is open. Your redemption price is the next NAV calculated after your order is received by the Fund. There is no redemption charge. Normally, payment for shares redeemed will be made within three days after receipt by the transfer agent of a written request in good order. The Fund has the right to take up to seven days to pay your redemption proceeds, and may postpone payment longer in the event of an emergency as determined by the SEC. If you purchased Fund shares by check you may not receive redemption proceeds until there is reasonable belief that the check has cleared, which may take up to 15 days after payment has been received. Wires for direct accounts are subject to a $10.00 fee.
| | You may send a written request for redemption to: |
Sequoia Fund, Inc.
c/o DST Systems Inc.
P.O. Box 219477
Kansas City, MO 64121-9477
| | Your request must include your account number and the number of shares to be redeemed or the dollar value of the amount to be redeemed. If your redemption request is more than $50,000, if your address has |
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| changed within the 60 days prior to the request, or if you would like your check to be sent to a third party or an address other than the address of record, your redemption request must include a signature guarantee. A signature guarantee may be obtained from a domestic bank or trust company, broker, dealer, clearing agency, savings association, or other financial institution. An acknowledgment by a notary public is not acceptable. If your request involves a redemption amount of more than $250,000, please include your telephone number. Certain shareholders, such as corporations, trusts and estates, may be required to submit additional documentation. The Fund participates in the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (STAMP) Paperless Legal Program. Requests received with a Medallion Signature Guarantee will be reviewed for the proper criteria to meet the guidelines of the program and may not require additional documentation. |
| | If you choose to have your redemption proceeds sent to the bank of record, please indicate if you would like to receive the proceeds via ACH (2 business days) or wire (next business day, subject to a $10 wire fee (your bank also may charge a fee)). If you are providing new bank instructions, the request must include a signature guarantee. A signature guarantee may be obtained from a domestic bank or trust company, broker, dealer, clearing agency, savings association, or other financial institution. An acknowledgment by a notary public is not acceptable. |
| | If your shares are held in certificate form, your request must be accompanied by the outstanding certificates representing such shares together with a standard form of stock power signed by the registered owner or owners of such shares. The signature on the stock power must be guaranteed. |
You may make a redemption request of $50,000 or less (per account per business day) by telephone or through the Internet, which does not require a signature guarantee, unless your address has changed within the 60 days prior to the request. All other redemption requests must have signature guarantees as described above.
If you plan to redeem Fund shares through the Internet, please review the important information below under Information about Online Account Information and Transactions.
| | Unless otherwise prohibited by law, the Fund may pay the redemption price to you in cash or in portfolio securities, or partly in cash and partly in portfolio securities. |
| | The Fund has adopted a policy under which the Fund may limit cash payments in connection with redemption requests to $250,000 during any ninety (90) day period. As a result, the Fund may pay you in securities or partly in securities if the amount of Fund shares that you redeem is more than $250,000. |
| | It is highly likely that the Fund will pay you in securities or partly in securities if you make a redemption (or series of redemptions) in an amount greater than $250,000. |
| | When satisfying redemption requests with portfolio securities, the Fund will deliver portfolio securities to you regardless of whether you have a brokerage or bank account into which you can take delivery of the securities. |
| | If your redemption request involves more than $250,000 (or if your redemption request together with other redemption requests during any ninety (90) day period equal in the aggregate more than $250,000) and you have a brokerage or bank account into which portfolio securities can be delivered, you must provide the Fund with information about the brokerage or bank account, including the name of the broker or bank, their Depository Trust Company (DTC) participant account number and your brokerage or bank account number, and your telephone number at the time of your redemption request. |
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| | If your redemption request involves more than $250,000 (or if your redemption request together with other redemption requests during any ninety (90) day period equal in the aggregate more than $250,000) and you do not have a brokerage or bank account into which the portfolio securities can be delivered, the Fund will determine the value of the portfolio securities to be delivered to you in redemption as of the date of redemption and: |
| | If the portfolio securities are certificated, the Fund will send you by registered mail a certificate or certificates representing the securities promptly upon its receipt of the certificate or certificates from the issuer or issuers. The issuer or issuers of the portfolio securities may not send certificates representing the securities to the Fund for a period of days. You may be unable to sell certificated portfolio securities registered in your name until you have received the certificate evidencing the securities; or |
| | If the portfolio securities are not certificated, the Fund will send you a letter by registered mail confirming that the portfolio securities have been registered in your name by the transfer agent of the issuer. |
| | As noted above, the Fund may take up to seven days to satisfy a redemption request. To avoid delays in receiving portfolio securities, you should establish a brokerage or bank account into which the securities can be delivered and, as set forth above, provide the Fund with the brokerage or bank account information at the time of your redemption request. |
| | You should understand that you will incur brokerage and other costs in connection with the sale of any portfolio security that you receive in connection with a redemption request. You should also understand that, as a result of subsequent market volatility, the net proceeds from the ultimate sale of any securities that you receive upon a redemption may vary, either positively or negatively, and perhaps significantly, from the redemption value of your Fund shares. If provided with notice in advance of your chosen redemption date, the Funds management will assist you to the extent possible to minimize this potential market exposure by providing you in advance with a list of the approximate number and value of the portfolio securities that you will receive. |
| | You may elect an Automatic Withdrawal Plan (the Plan), at no cost, if you own or purchase shares of the Fund valued at $10,000 or more. Call 1-800-686-6884 for details and to establish a Plan. |
| | Under the Plan, you may designate fixed payment amounts that you will receive monthly or quarterly from the Plan Account consisting of shares of the Fund that you deposit. |
| | Any cash dividends and capital gains distributions on shares held in the Plan Account are automatically reinvested. |
| | Sufficient shares will be redeemed at NAV to provide the cash necessary for each withdrawal payment. |
| | Redemptions for the purpose of withdrawals are made on or about the 15 th day of the month at that days NAV, and checks are mailed promptly thereafter. |
| | If shares are registered in the name of a trustee or other fiduciary, payment will be made only to the fiduciary. |
| | As withdrawal payments may include a return of principal, they cannot be considered a guaranteed annuity or actual yield of income to the investor. Continued withdrawals in excess of income will reduce and possibly exhaust invested principal, especially in the event of a market decline. Consult your financial adviser about whether the Plan is appropriate for you. |
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To open an Eligible Online Account, please visit www.sequoiafund.com. Once you have opened an account online, you may check your Fund account balance, purchase or redeem shares of the Fund through the website and establish online transactional privileges (which require you to enter into a users agreement to enroll for these privileges). Transactions through the website are subject to the same minimums as other transaction methods.
To purchase shares online, you must have ACH instructions on your account. Only bank accounts held at domestic financial institutions that are ACH members can be used for transactions through the Funds website. Payment for purchases of Fund shares through the website may be made only through an ACH debit of your bank account.
The Fund limits the amount that you may redeem through the website to $50,000 or less per day. Redemption proceeds may be sent by check or, if your account has bank information, by wire or ACH. Redemptions will be paid by check, wire or ACH transfer only to the address or bank account of record.
You should be aware that the Internet is an unsecured, unstable, and unregulated environment. Your ability to use the Funds website for transactions is dependent upon the Internet and equipment, software and systems provided by various vendors and third parties. While the Fund and its service providers have established reasonable security and other procedures addressing online privileges, they cannot assure you that inquiries, account information or trading activity will be completely secure. There may also be delays, malfunctions or other inconveniences generally associated with this medium. There may also be times when the website is unavailable for Fund transactions or other purposes. Should this happen, you should consider purchasing or redeeming shares by another method.
Neither the Fund nor its affiliates or its transfer agent will be liable for any such delays or malfunctions or for unauthorized interception or access to communications or account information, provided the Fund and its service providers have followed their procedures addressing online privileges. In addition, neither the Fund nor its affiliates or its transfer agent will be liable for any loss, liability, cost or expense for following instructions communicated through the Internet, including fraudulent or unauthorized instructions, provided the Fund or its service provider accepting the instructions reasonably believe the instructions were genuine.
The Fund historically has been less at risk for frequent purchases and redemptions of shares of the Fund by shareholders of the Fund (market timing) than other mutual funds. In addition, the Fund historically has not experienced significant shareholder turnover. Nonetheless, because market timing activities can be detrimental to the Funds performance, the Fund, as a policy, discourages market timing and has a policy of monitoring trading of the Funds shares for frequent purchases and redemptions. Consequently, the Fund has implemented certain surveillance procedures designed to detect and deter market timing. Under these procedures, the Funds Chief Compliance Officer (the CCO) reviews direct shareholder transactions for potential market timing activity. If the Funds CCO determines that certain transactions rise to the level of market timing, the accounts in which those transactions have taken place may be immediately blocked and future purchases or exchange activity will be restricted or eliminated for such account or accounts for such term as the CCO shall determine.
Certain financial organizations such as broker-dealers, banks, and service providers have made arrangements with the Fund so that an investor may purchase or redeem shares through such organizations. In certain situations, the financial organizations may designate another financial entity to receive purchase and redemption orders on the Funds behalf. The Fund will be deemed to have received purchase or redemption instructions when a financial organization receives the instructions, provided that the instructions are in good order and have been transmitted
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in a timely manner. Client orders received prior to the close of the Exchange (currently 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time), will be priced at the Funds NAV next calculated following the close of regular trading on that day. If you are a client of a securities broker or other financial organization, such organization may charge a separate transaction fee or a fee for administrative service in connection with investments in Fund shares and may impose different account minimums and other requirements. These fees and requirements would be in addition to those imposed by the Fund. If you are investing through a broker or other financial organization, please refer to the organizations program materials for any additional special provisions or conditions that may be different from those described in this Prospectus (for example, some or all of the services and privileges described may not be available to you).
Securities brokers and other financial organizations have the responsibility for transmitting purchase orders and funds, and of crediting their clients accounts following redemptions, in a timely manner in accordance with their client agreements and this Prospectus.
Publications other than those distributed by the Fund may contain comparisons of Fund performance to the performance of various indices and investments for which reliable data is widely available. These publications may also include averages, performance rankings, or other information prepared by Morningstar, Lipper, or other recognized organizations providing mutual fund statistics. The Fund is not responsible for the accuracy of any data published by third-party organizations.
Each state has rules governing the definition and treatment of unclaimed property. Triggers include inactivity ( e.g. , no owner-generated activity for a certain period), returned mail ( e.g. , when mail sent to a shareholder is returned by the post office, or RPO, as undeliverable), or a combination of both inactivity and returned mail. Once property is flagged as unclaimed, an attempt is made to contact the shareholder, but if that attempt is unsuccessful, the account may be considered abandoned and escheated to the state. More information on unclaimed property and how to maintain an active account is available through your state or by calling 800-686-6884.
Dividends and capital gains distributions, if any, declared by the Fund on its outstanding shares will, at the election of each shareholder, be paid in cash or in additional whole or fractional shares of the Fund. If paid in additional shares, the shares will have an aggregate NAV equal to the cash amount of the dividend or distribution. You may elect to receive dividends and distributions in cash or in shares at the time you order shares. You may change your election at any time prior to the record date for a particular dividend or distribution by sending a written request to:
Sequoia Fund, Inc.
c/o DST Systems, Inc.
P.O. Box 219477
Kansas City, MO 64121-9477
There is no sales charge or other charge in connection with the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions.
For federal income tax purposes, distributions of net income (including any short-term capital gains) by the Fund are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gains. The Funds distributions also may be subject to state and local taxes.
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A portion of the Funds distributions may be treated as qualified dividend income, taxable to individuals, trusts, and estates at the same preferential tax rates as long-term capital gains. A distribution is treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that the Fund receives dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations, provided that holding period and other requirements are met.
Unrealized capital gains represent a substantial portion of the value of your investment in the Fund. As of March 31, 2017, the net unrealized appreciation of the Funds portfolio was approximately 48.44% of the Funds net assets. If the Fund sells appreciated securities and distributes the profit, the distributed appreciation will be taxable to you either as capital gains or as ordinary income, depending upon how long the Fund held the appreciated securities. You should carefully consider these potential tax effects on your investment in the Fund.
Dividends and distributions are taxable to you whether you receive the amount in cash or reinvest the amount in additional shares of the Fund. In addition, the redemption of Fund shares is a taxable transaction for federal income tax purposes whether paid in cash or in kind. If you buy shares just before the Fund deducts a distribution from its NAV, you will pay the full price for the shares and then receive a portion of the price back as a taxable distribution.
Each year shortly after December 31, the Fund will send you tax information stating the amount and type of all its distributions for the year. You should consult your tax adviser about the federal, state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Fund in your particular situation.
You may obtain copies of the Funds most recent Prospectus, SAI, annual and semi-annual reports and account applications by visiting the Funds website at www.sequoiafund.com.
Due to the relatively high cost to the Fund of maintaining low balance accounts, the Fund requests that you maintain an account balance of more than $2,000. If your account balance is $2,000 or less for 90 days or longer, the Fund reserves the right to redeem the shares in your account at their current NAV on the redemption date after giving you 60 days notice to increase the balance. The redemption of shares could have tax consequences for you. Your account may be transferred to the appropriate state if no activity occurs in the account within the time period specified by state law. A description of the Funds policies and procedures with respect to the disclosures of the Funds portfolio securities is available in the Funds SAI and on the Funds website at www.sequoiafund.com.
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The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Funds financial performance for the past five years. Certain information reflects financial results for a single share of the Fund. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). The information for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 has been audited by KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund, whose report, along with the Funds financial statements, is included in the Funds Annual Report, which is available upon request. The information for the three-year period ended December 31, 2014 was audited by other auditors.
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| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
|
Per Share Operating Performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the period) |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 207.26 | $ | 235.00 | $ | 222.92 | $ | 168.31 | $ | 145.50 | ||||||||||
|
Income from investment operations
|
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| Net investment (loss) | (0.43 | ) | (1.08 | ) | (0.61 | ) | (0.72 | ) | (0.41 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments | (15.16 | ) | (16.15 | ) | 17.23 | 58.73 | 23.22 | |||||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in net asset value from operations | (15.59 | ) | (17.23 | ) | 16.62 | 58.01 | 22.81 | |||||||||||||
|
Less distributions from
Net realized gains |
(30.39 | ) | (10.51 | ) | (4.54 | ) | (3.40 | ) | | |||||||||||
| Net asset value, end of period | $ | 161.28 | $ | 207.26 | $ | 235.00 | $ | 222.92 | $ | 168.31 | ||||||||||
| Total Return | (6.90 | )% | (7.31 | )% | 7.56 | % | 34.58 | % | 15.68 | % | ||||||||||
|
Ratios/Supplementary data
|
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| Net assets, end of period (in millions) | $ | 4,096 | $ | 6,741 | $ | 8,068 | $ | 8,039 | $ | 5,837 | ||||||||||
|
Ratio of expenses to average net assets
|
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| Before expenses reimbursed by Investment Adviser | 1.07 | % (a) | 1.03 | % | 1.03 | % | 1.02 | % | 1.03 | % | ||||||||||
| After expenses reimbursed by Investment Adviser | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.00 | % | ||||||||||
| Ratio of net investment (loss) to average net assets | (0.22 | )% | (0.42 | )% | (0.26 | )% | (0.37 | )% | (0.26 | )% | ||||||||||
| Portfolio turnover rate | 16 | % | 10 | % | 8 | % | 2 | % | 5 | % | ||||||||||
| (a) | Reflects reduction of 0.02% for expenses reimbursed by insurance company. |
17
For more information about the Fund, the following documents are available upon request:
The Funds Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to shareholders contain additional information on the Funds investments. In the Funds Annual Report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds performance during its last fiscal year. The Funds current Annual and Semi-Annual Reports are available on the Funds website: www.sequoiafund.com.
The Fund has an SAI, which contains more detailed information about the Funds operations and investment policies and procedures, including the Funds policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds portfolio holdings. The Funds SAI is incorporated by reference into (and is legally part of) this Prospectus. The Funds SAI is available on the Funds website: www.sequoiafund.com.
You may request a free copy of the current Annual/Semi-Annual Report or the SAI or make shareholder inquiries, by contacting your broker or other financial intermediary, or by contacting the Fund:
| By mail: |
Sequoia Fund, Inc.
9 West 57 th Street, Suite 5000 New York, N.Y. 10019-2701 |
| By phone: | (800) 686-6884 |
Or you may view or obtain these documents from the Securities and Exchange Commission (Commission):
| | Call the Commission at 1-202-551-8090 for information on the operation of the Public Reference Room. |
| | Reports and other information about the Fund are available on the EDGAR Database on the Commissions Internet site at www.sec.gov. |
| | Copies of the documents may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request to publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing to the Commissions Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549-1520. |
File No. 811-01976
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To the Clients of Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc., Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb LLC
and Shareholders of Sequoia Fund, Inc.
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc., Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb LLC and Sequoia Fund, Inc. (We) do not disclose nonpublic personal information about our clients (or former clients) or shareholders (or former shareholders) (You) to third parties except as described below.
We collect information about you (such as your name, address, social security number, assets and income) from our discussions with you, from documents that you may deliver to us and in the course of providing advisory services to you. We may use this information to open an account for you, to process a transaction for your account or otherwise in furtherance of our business. In order to service your account and effect your transactions, we may provide your personal information to firms that assist us in servicing your account and have a need for such information, such as a broker. We may also disclose such information to service providers that agree to protect the confidentiality of your information and to use the information only for the purposes for which we disclose the information to them. We do not otherwise provide nonpublic personal information about you to outside firms, organizations or individuals except to our attorneys, accountants and auditors and as permitted by law.
We restrict access to nonpublic personal information about you to our employees who need to know that information to provide products or services to you. We maintain physical, electronic and procedural safeguards that comply with federal standards to guard your personal information.
19
Sequoia Fund, Inc.
PROSPECTUS
May 1, 2017
SEQUOIA FUND, INC.
Ticker: SEQUX
9 West 57 th Street, Suite 5000
New York, New York 10019-2701
(Telephone: 800-686-6884)
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
May 1, 2017
This statement of additional information (“SAI”) for the Sequoia Fund (the “Fund”) is not a prospectus and is only authorized for distribution when preceded or accompanied by the Fund’s prospectus dated May 1, 2017, as amended or supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”). This SAI contains additional and more detailed information than that set forth in the Prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus. The Fund’s audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, included in the Fund’s annual report to shareholders (“Annual Report”), are incorporated into this SAI by reference and this SAI is incorporated by reference into the Prospectus. Copies of the Prospectus and the Annual Report may be obtained without charge by writing or calling the Fund at the address and telephone number set forth above or by accessing the Fund’s website: www.sequoiafund.com. The website does not form part of the Prospectus or SAI.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sequoia Fund, Inc. (the "Fund") is a no-load, non-diversified, open-end investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Fund seeks long-term growth of capital.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, POLICIES AND RISK CONSIDERATIONS
Ordinarily, the Fund’s portfolio is invested in equity securities of U.S. and non-U.S. companies. The Fund may also invest in restricted securities, certain special situations , debt securities and securities offered in initial public offerings. The following supplements the information contained in the Prospectus concerning the investment objective, strategies and policies and risks of investing in the Fund.
(a) Foreign Securities
Investments may be made in both domestic and foreign companies. Investors should recognize that investments in foreign companies involve certain considerations that are not typically associated with investing in domestic companies. An investment in a foreign company may be affected by changes in currency rates and in exchange control regulations. There may be less publicly available information about a foreign company than about a domestic company. Foreign companies may not be subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards comparable to those applicable to domestic companies. Foreign stock markets have substantially less volume than the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”) and securities of some foreign companies may be less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable domestic companies. Transaction costs and brokerage commission rates in foreign countries, which generally are fixed rather than subject to negotiation as in the United States, may be higher. Foreign security trading, settlement and custodial practices (including those involving securities settlement where assets may be released prior to receipt of payment) are often less developed than those in domestic markets, may be complex and may result in increased risk or substantial delays. There may be less government regulation and/or supervision of foreign stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies than in the United States. In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries there is a possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political or social instability, war, terrorism, nationalization, limitations on the repatriation of funds or other assets, or diplomatic developments that could affect investments in those countries. Certain foreign governments levy withholding or other taxes against dividend and interest income from, or transactions in, foreign securities. Although in some countries a portion of these taxes is recoverable by the Fund, the nonrecovered portion of foreign withholding taxes will reduce the income received from such securities. Individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from that of the United States in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.
(b) Restricted or Not Readily Marketable Securities
The Fund may invest in securities acquired in a privately-negotiated transaction from the issuer or a holder of the issuer’s securities and which may not be distributed publicly without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Such restricted securities may not thereafter ordinarily be sold by the Fund except in another private placement or under an effective registration statement filed pursuant to the Securities Act. The Fund will not invest in any restricted security if such investment would cause the then aggregate value of all of such restricted securities, as valued on the books of the Fund, to exceed 10% of the value of the Fund’s net assets (at the time of such investment and after giving effect thereto). Restricted securities are valued in accordance with the Fund’s valuation policies and procedures.
The purchase price and subsequent valuations of restricted securities may reflect a discount from the price at which such securities trade when they are not restricted, since the restriction makes them less liquid. The amount of the discount from the prevailing market price is expected to vary depending upon the type of security, the character of the issuer, the party who will bear the expenses of registering the restricted securities and prevailing supply and demand conditions.
The Fund may not make loans or invest in any restricted securities or other illiquid assets which will cause the then aggregate value of all such restricted securities and other illiquid assets to exceed 10% of the value of the Fund’s net assets (at the time of such investment and after giving effect thereto).
If, pursuant to the foregoing policy, the Fund were to assume substantial positions in particular securities with a limited trading market, the activities of the Fund could have an adverse effect on the liquidity and marketability of such securities, and the Fund may not be able to dispose of its holdings in these securities at reasonable price levels. There are other investment companies and other investment media engaged in operations similar to those of the Fund, and, to the extent that these organizations trade in the same securities, the Fund may be forced to dispose of its holdings at prices lower than otherwise would be obtained.
(c) Special Situations
The Fund intends to invest in special situations from time to time. A special situation arises when, in the opinion of the Fund’s management, the securities of a particular company will, within a reasonably estimable period of time, be accorded market recognition at an appreciated value solely by reason of a development particularly or uniquely applicable to that company and regardless of general business conditions or movements of the market as a whole. Developments creating special situations might include, among others, the following: liquidations, reorganizations, recapitalizations or mergers; material litigation; technological breakthroughs; and new management or management policies. Although large and well-known companies may be involved, special situations may involve much greater risk than is inherent in ordinary investment securities. The Fund will not, however, purchase securities of any company with a record of less than three years’ continuous operation (including that of predecessors) if such purchase would cause the Fund’s investments in all such companies to exceed 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets.
(d) Debt Securities
The Fund may invest in corporate and U.S. Government debt securities. Debt securities are used by issuers to borrow money. The issuer usually pays a variable, floating or fixed rate of interest, and must repay the amount borrowed, usually at the maturity of the security. The market value of such securities may fluctuate in response to interest rates and the creditworthiness of the issuer. Corporate debt securities include, but are not limited to, debt obligations of public and private corporations.
U.S. Government debt securities include direct obligations of the U.S. Government and obligations issued by U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities. Although certain securities issued by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, others are supported only by the credit of that agency or instrumentality. There is no guarantee that the U.S. Government will provide support to such agencies or instrumentalities and such securities may involve risk of loss of principal and interest. In addition, a security backed by the U.S. Treasury or the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government is guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity. The current market prices for such securities are not guaranteed and will fluctuate. Certain U.S. Government agency securities or securities of U.S. Government-sponsored entities are backed by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, or are supported only by the credit of the issuer or instrumentality. While the U.S. Government provides financial support to those U.S. Government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it will always do so and those securities are neither guaranteed nor issued by the U.S. Government. In the case of securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, shareholders are primarily exposed to interest rate risk.
The Fund’s investments in debt securities are subject to credit risk. An issuer’s credit quality depends on its ability to pay interest on and repay its debt and other obligations. Defaulted securities or those expected to default are subject to additional risks in that the securities may become subject to a plan or reorganization that can diminish or eliminate their value. The credit risk of a security may also depend on the credit quality of any bank or financial institution that provides credit enhancement for the security.
The ratings of debt securities by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, Fitch Ratings and other ratings agencies are a generally accepted barometer of credit risk. They are, however, subject to certain limitations from an investor’s standpoint. The rating of an issuer is heavily weighted by past developments and does not necessarily reflect probable future conditions. There is frequently a lag between the time a rating is assigned and the time it is updated. In addition, there may be varying degrees of difference in credit risk of securities within each rating category.
| 2 |
The Fund’s investments in debt securities are subject to interest rate risk, which is the risk that the value of a security will decline because of a change in general interest rates. Investments subject to interest rate risk usually decrease in value when interest rates rise and increase in value when interest rates decline. Also, debt securities with longer maturities typically experience a more pronounced change in value when interest rates change. The Fund may be subject to heightened interest rate risk due to rising interest rates as the current period of historically low interest rates may be ending.
(e) Initial Public Offerings
The Fund may invest in securities issued in initial public offerings (“IPOs”). IPO securities are subject to market risk and liquidity risk. Although companies can be any age or size at the time of their IPO, they are often smaller and have a limited operating history, which involves a greater potential for the value of their securities to be impaired following the IPO. The market value of recently issued IPO securities may fluctuate considerably due to factors such as the absence of a prior public market, unseasoned trading and speculation, a potentially small number of securities available for trading, limited information about the issuer, and other factors. These fluctuations could impact the net asset value per share (“NAV”) and return earned on the Fund’s shares. A purchase of IPO securities often involves higher transaction costs than those associated with the purchase of securities already traded on exchanges or markets.
(f) Other Investment Policies
The Fund will not seek to realize profits by anticipating short-term market movements and intends to purchase securities for growth of capital, in particular long-term capital appreciation. In any event, under ordinary circumstances, securities will typically be held for sufficient periods to qualify for long-term capital gain treatment for tax purposes. While the rate of portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor when management deems changes appropriate, it is anticipated that given the Fund’s investment objective, its annual portfolio turnover rate generally should not exceed 75%. The portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of the Fund’s purchases and sales of portfolio securities during the period in question by the monthly average of the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities during that period. Excluded from consideration in the calculation are U.S. Government securities and all other securities with maturities of one year or less when purchased by the Fund.
Under the 1940 Act, a diversified investment company may not, with respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any one issuer and may not own more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer. While the Fund is a non-diversified investment company under the 1940 Act and therefore is not subject to any statutory diversification requirements, it will be required to meet certain diversification tests each year in order to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), as it intends to do (see “Tax Considerations”). The Fund will not acquire more than 25% of any class of the securities of any issuer. The Fund reserves the right, without shareholder action, to diversify its investments to any extent it deems advisable or to become a diversified company, but once the Fund becomes a diversified company, it could not thereafter change its status to that of a non-diversified company without the approval of its shareholders.
The Fund has adopted certain investment restrictions as a matter of fundamental investment policy, which may not be changed without a shareholder vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities as defined in Section 2(a)(42) of the 1940 Act. The Fund may not:
1. Underwrite the securities of other issuers, except the Fund may, as indicated above (see “Restricted or Not Readily Marketable Securities”), acquire restricted securities under circumstances where, if such securities are sold, the Fund might be deemed to be an underwriter for purposes of the Securities Act.
2. Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate, but the Fund may purchase marketable securities of companies holding real estate or interests in real estate.
3. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts.
4. Make loans to other persons except by the purchase of a portion of an issue of publicly distributed bonds, debentures or other debt securities, except that the Fund may purchase privately sold bonds, debentures or other debt securities immediately convertible into equity securities subject to the restrictions applicable to the purchase of not readily marketable securities. (See “Restricted or Not Readily Marketable Securities”).
| 3 |
5. Borrow money except for temporary or emergency purposes and then only from banks and in an aggregate amount not exceeding 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the time any borrowing is made, provided that the term “borrow” shall not include the short-term credits referred to in paragraph 6 below.
6. Purchase securities on margin, but it may obtain such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities.
7. Make short sales of securities.
8. Purchase or sell puts and calls on securities.
9. Participate, on a joint or joint and several basis, in any securities trading account.
10. Purchase the securities of any other investment company except (1) in the open market where, to the best information of the Fund, no commission, profit or sales charge to a sponsor or dealer (other than the customary broker’s commission) results from such purchase, or (2) if such purchase is part of a merger, consolidation or acquisition of assets.
11. Invest in companies for the purpose of exercising management or control.
12. Invest more than 25% of the value of its net assets (at the time of purchase and after giving effect thereto) in the securities of any one issuer.
13. Issue senior securities, except as permitted by the 1940 Act.
14. Concentrate investments in an industry, as concentration may be defined under the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder (as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended from time to time) or by guidance regarding, interpretations of, or exemptive orders under, the 1940 Act or the rules or regulations thereunder published by appropriate regulatory authorities.
In connection with the qualification or registration of the Fund’s shares for sale under the securities laws of certain States, the Fund has agreed, in addition to the investment restrictions set forth above, that it will not (i) purchase material amounts of restricted securities, (ii) invest more than 5% of the value of its total assets in securities of unseasoned issuers (including their predecessors) which have been in operation for less than three years, and equity securities of issuers which are not readily marketable, (iii) invest any part of its assets in interests in oil, gas or other mineral or exploration or development programs (excluding readily marketable securities), (iv) purchase or retain any securities of another issuer of which those persons affiliated with the Fund or Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc., the Fund’s investment adviser (the “Adviser”), owning, individually, more than 1/2 of 1% of said issuer’s outstanding stock (or securities convertible into stock) own, in the aggregate, more than 5% of said issuer’s outstanding stock (or securities convertible into stock) and (v) invest in warrants (other than warrants acquired by the Fund as a part of a unit or attached to securities at the time of purchase), if as a result such warrants valued at the lower of cost or market, would exceed 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets at the time of purchase provided that not more than 2% of the Fund’s net assets at the time of purchase may be invested in warrants not listed on the Exchange or the NYSE MKT.
(g) Cybersecurity
As the use of the Internet and other technologies has become more prevalent in the course of business, the Fund and its service providers, including the Adviser, have become more susceptible to operational and financial risks associated with cybersecurity. Cybersecurity incidents can result from deliberate attacks, such as gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking” or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption, or from unintentional events, such as the inadvertent release of confidential information. Cybersecurity failures or breaches of the Fund or its service providers or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to cause disruptions and affect business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. While measures have been developed that are designed to reduce the risks associated with cybersecurity, there is no guarantee that those measures will be effective, particularly since the Fund does not control the cybersecurity defenses or plans of its service providers, financial intermediaries and companies in which it invests or with which it does business.
| 4 |
Board of Directors Information
The business and affairs of the Fund are overseen by the Board of Directors (the “Board”). Certain information concerning the Board is set forth below.
| * | The address for each of the Directors is 9 West 57th Street, Suite 5000, New York, NY 10019-2701. |
| ** | "Interested person," as defined in the 1940 Act, of the Fund because of an affiliation with the Adviser. |
| *** | Member of the Fund's Audit Committee and Nominating Committee. |
| § | The information reported includes the principal occupation during the last five years for each Director and, as applicable, other information relating to the professional experiences, attributes and skills relevant to each Director's qualifications to serve as Director. |
| + | Mr. Harris was elected as a Director of the Fund at a Board meeting held on May 20, 2016, and then was elected as a Director of the Fund at a special meeting of shareholders held on September 12, 2016. |
| ++ | Mr. Atkins was elected as a Director of the Fund at a special meeting of shareholders held on September 12, 2016. |
| +++ | Mr. Medley was elected as a Director of the Fund at a Board meeting held on March 14, 2016, and then was elected as a Director of the Fund at a special meeting of shareholders held on September 12, 2016. |
| (1) | Mr. Poppe is an officer, director and voting stockholder of the Adviser, which is the owner of 41,471 shares of the Fund's common stock. (See "Investment Adviser and Investment Advisory Contract" below). In addition, Mr. Poppe is a trustee and beneficiary of the Profit-Sharing Plan of the Adviser, which holds for its participants 228,612 shares of the Fund's common stock. |
| (2) | Mr. Harris is a voting stockholder of the Adviser, which is the owner of 41,471 shares of the Fund's common stock. |
| 5 |
Leadership Structure and the Board
The Board is responsible for overseeing the business affairs of the Fund and exercising all of its powers except those reserved for shareholders. Currently, the Board is composed of seven Directors, five of whom are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund (the “Independent Directors” or “Disinterested Directors”). The Disinterested Directors meet regularly in executive sessions among themselves and with their independent counsel to consider a variety of matters affecting the Fund. These sessions generally occur prior to scheduled Board meetings and at such other times as the Disinterested Directors may deem necessary. As discussed in further detail below, the Board has established two standing committees to assist the Board in performing its oversight responsibilities. The Fund has engaged the Adviser to manage the Fund, and the Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers to the Fund in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act and other applicable laws.
The Fund’s Amended and Restated By-Laws and the Nominating Committee Charter do not set forth any specific qualifications to serve as a Director. In evaluating a candidate for nomination or election as a Director, the Nominating Committee will take into account the contribution that the candidate would be expected to make to the diverse mix of experience, qualifications, attributes and skills that the Nominating Committee believes contributes to good governance for the Fund. The Chairman of the Board is a Disinterested Director. The Chairman’s role is to preside at all meetings of the Board and to act as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other Directors generally between meetings. The Chairman may also perform other such functions as may be provided by the Board from time to time.
Among the attributes or skills common to all Directors are their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the other Directors, the Adviser, other service providers, counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective and independent business judgment in the performance of their duties as Directors. Each Director’s ability to perform his duties effectively has been attained through the Director’s business, consulting, public service and/or academic positions and through experience from service as a board member of the Fund, public companies or other organizations as set forth above. Each Director’s ability to perform his duties effectively also has been enhanced by his educational background, professional training, and/or other life experiences.
It has been determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate in light of the characteristics and circumstances of the Fund, including factors such as the Fund’s investment strategy and style, the net assets of the Fund, the committee structure of the Fund, and the management, distribution and other service arrangements of the Fund. The Board believes that the current leadership structure allows the Board to exercise informed and independent judgment over matters under its purview, and it allocates areas of responsibility among service providers, committees of Directors and the full Board in a manner that enhances effective oversight. The Board believes that having a majority of Disinterested Directors is appropriate and in the best interest of the Fund, and that the Board leadership by Mr. Lazarus provides the Board with valuable insights that assist the Board as a whole with the decision-making process. The leadership structure of the Board may be changed at any time and in the discretion of the Board including in response to changes in circumstances or the characteristics of the Fund.
| 6 |
Risk Oversight
The Fund is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational, and valuation risks, among others. Day-to-day risk management functions are subsumed within the responsibilities of Fund management, the Adviser and other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), who carry out the Fund’s investment management and business affairs.
Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of the Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and Committee activities. The Board recognizes that it is not possible to identify all of the risks that may affect the Fund or to develop processes and controls to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. As part of its regular oversight of the Fund, the Board, directly or through a Committee, interacts with and reviews reports from, among others, the Adviser, the Chief Compliance Officer of the Fund, and the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by the Fund and relevant risk functions. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer of the Fund who oversees the implementation and testing of the Fund’s compliance program and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Fund and its principal service providers. In addition, as part of the Board’s periodic review of the Fund’s advisory and other service provider agreements, the Board may consider risk management aspects of their operations and the functions for which they are responsible. With respect to valuation, the Board periodically reviews valuation policies applicable to valuing the Fund’s portfolio securities. The Board may, at any time and in its discretion, change the manner in which it conducts its risk oversight role.
Committee Structure
The Board has two standing committees — an Audit Committee and a Nominating Committee. The members of the Audit and Nominating Committees are identified above. The function of the Audit Committee is to assist the Board in its oversight of the Fund’s financial reporting process. The Audit Committee met twice during the Fund’s most recently completed fiscal year. The function of the Nominating Committee is to nominate persons to fill any vacancies on the Board. The Nominating Committee does not consider for nomination candidates proposed by shareholders for election as Directors. The Nominating Committee met three times during the Fund’s most recently completed fiscal year.
Officer and Other Fund Information
Certain information concerning the Fund’s officers is set forth below.
| Name, Address * and Age |
Position(s)
– (Month and
Year First Elected) |
Principal
Occupation
during the past 5 years |
||
| David M. Poppe (52) | President and CEO (3/16) | See biography above. | ||
| Wendy Goodrich (51) | Executive Vice President (3/17) | Executive Vice President of the Adviser since November 2016; Managing Member of Absolute Return Consulting LLC until 2016. | ||
| Paul J. Greenberg (54) | Treasurer (12/13) | Chief Financial Officer of the Adviser since 2013; Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. until 2013. | ||
| Michael Sloyer (56) | General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer (12/13); Secretary (3/17) | General Counsel of the Adviser. | ||
| Michael Valenti (47) | Assistant Secretary (3/07) | Administrator of the Adviser. |
* The address for each of the Fund’s officers is 9 West 57 th Street, Suite 5000, New York, New York 10019-2701.
| 7 |
As of March 31, 2017, the Directors and officers of the Fund as a group owned less than 1% of the shares of the Fund.
The Fund does not pay any fees to, or reimburse expenses of, its Directors who are considered “interested persons” of the Fund. The aggregate compensation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 paid by the Fund to each of the Directors is set forth below. The Adviser does not provide investment advisory services to any investment companies registered under the 1940 Act other than the Fund.
| Name of Director |
Aggregate
Compensation from Fund |
Pension or Retirement
Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses |
Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon Retirement |
Total
Compensation from Fund |
||||||||||||
| David M. Poppe | $ | 0 | -0- | -0- | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
| John B. Harris * | $ | 0 | -0- | -0- | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
| Roger Lowenstein | $ | 80,000 | -0- | -0- | $ | 80,000 | ||||||||||
| Robert L. Swiggett | $ | 80,000 | -0- | -0- | $ | 80,000 | ||||||||||
| Edward Lazarus | $ | 80,000 | -0- | -0- | $ | 80,000 | ||||||||||
| Tim Medley ** | $ | 65,962 | -0- | -0- | $ | 65,962 | ||||||||||
| Peter Atkins *** | $ | 26,114 | -0- | -0- | $ | 26,114 | ||||||||||
| * |
Mr. Harris was elected as a Director of the Fund at a Board meeting held on May 20, 2016, and then was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on September 12, 2016. |
| ** |
Mr. Medley was elected as a Director of the Fund at a Board meeting held on March 14, 2016, and then was elected at a special meeting of shareholders held on September 12, 2016. |
| *** | Mr. Atkins was elected as a Director of the Fund at a special meeting of shareholders held on September 12, 2016. |
The Fund, the Adviser and Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb LLC, the Fund’s distributor (the “Distributor”), have each adopted a Code of Ethics that permits their personnel to invest in securities, including securities that may be held or purchased by the Fund. The Code of Ethics contains trading restrictions, pre-clearance procedures and reporting procedures designed to detect and prevent potential conflicts of interest when personnel from the Adviser engage in personal securities transactions.
The Fund has adopted the Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (“Procedures”), which are designed to ensure that the Adviser votes proxies, with respect to securities held by the Fund, in the best interests of the Fund. The Procedures require the Adviser to identify and address conflicts of interest between the Adviser or the Distributor (or any affiliated person of the Adviser, the Distributor or the Fund) and the shareholders of the Fund. If a material conflict of interest exists, the Adviser will determine whether voting in accordance with the guidelines set forth in the Procedures is in the best interests of the shareholders of the Fund or take some other appropriate action.
The Adviser, on behalf of the Fund, generally votes in favor of routine corporate housekeeping proposals including the election of directors (where no corporate governance issues are implicated). The Adviser, on behalf of the Fund, generally votes against poison pills and proposals for compensation plans deemed to be excessive. For all other proposals, the Adviser will determine whether a proposal is in the best interests of the shareholders of the Fund and may take into account the following factors, among others: (i) whether the proposal was recommended by management and the Adviser’s opinion of management; (ii) whether the proposal acts to entrench existing management; and (iii) whether the proposal fairly compensates management for past and future performance.
You may obtain a description of the Fund’s proxy voting policies and procedures, and information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30, without charge, by visiting the Fund’s web site at www.sequoiafund.com and use the “Shareholder Information” link to obtain all proxy information. This information may also be obtained from the Securities and Exchange Commission’s web site at www.sec.gov.
INVESTMENT ADVISER AND INVESTMENT ADVISORY CONTRACT
The Board, including a majority of the Directors, who are not parties to the Investment Advisory Contract (the “Contract”) or interested persons of any such party, approved the Contract at an in-person meeting of the Board called for that purpose and held on March 7, 2017, pursuant to the provisions of the 1940 Act. The Contract was approved by shareholders in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act at a special meeting of shareholders held on April 13, 2017, and became effective on April 17, 2017. The terms of the Contract provide that it is to remain in force until December 31, 2018 and thereafter for successive twelve-month periods computed from each January 1, provided that such continuance is specifically approved annually by vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities or by the Board, and by a majority of the Directors who are not parties to the Contract or interested persons of any such party, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
| 8 |
Pursuant to the terms of the Contract, the Adviser furnishes advice and recommendations with respect to the Fund’s portfolio of securities and investments and provides persons satisfactory to the Fund’s Board to act as officers and employees of the Fund. Such officers and employees, as well as certain directors of the Fund, may be directors, officers or employees of the Adviser or its affiliates.
In addition, the Adviser, or its affiliates, are obligated under the Contract to pay or reimburse the Fund for the following expenses incurred by the Fund: (i) the compensation of any of the Fund’s directors, officers and employees who are interested persons of the Adviser or its affiliates (other than by reason of being directors, officers or employees of the Fund), (ii) fees and expenses of registering the Fund’s shares under the appropriate federal securities laws and of qualifying its shares under applicable State Blue Sky laws, including expenses attendant upon renewing and increasing such registrations and qualifications, and (iii) expenses of printing and distributing the Fund’s Prospectus and sales and advertising materials. The Fund is responsible and has assumed the obligation for payment of all of its other expenses including: (a) brokerage and commission expenses, (b) federal, state or local taxes, including issue and transfer taxes, incurred by or levied on the Fund, (c) interest charges on borrowings, (d) compensation of any of the Fund’s directors, officers or employees who are not interested persons of the Adviser or its affiliates (other than by reason of being directors, officers or employees of the Fund), (e) charges and expenses of the Fund’s custodian, transfer agent and registrar, (f) costs of proxy solicitations, (g) legal and auditing expenses, and (h) payment of all investment advisory fees (including the fee payable to the Adviser under the Contract).
The Contract is terminable on 60 days' written notice by vote of a majority of the Fund's outstanding shares or by vote of majority of the Fund's entire Board, or by the Adviser on 60 days' written notice and automatically terminates in the event of its assignment. The Contract provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Adviser, or of reckless disregard of its obligations thereunder, the Adviser is not liable for any action or failure to act in accordance with its duties thereunder.
For the services provided by the Adviser under the Contract, the Adviser receives from the Fund a management fee equal to 1.00% per annum of the Fund's average daily net asset values. The management fee is accrued daily and paid monthly.
Under the terms of the Contract, the Adviser is contractually obligated to reimburse the Fund for the amount, if any, by which the operating expenses of the Fund (including the management fee) in any year exceed the sum of 1½% of the average daily net asset value of the Fund for such year up to a maximum of $30 million of net assets, plus 1.00% of the average daily net asset value in excess of $30 million. The reimbursement will be in effect only so long as the Contract is in effect. Operating expenses for the purposes of the Contract do not include the expenses listed in clauses (a), (b) and (c) above. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Fund incurred operating expenses of $54,880,933 of which the Adviser reimbursed the Fund $3,517,864. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, the Fund incurred operating expenses of $85,739,843 of which the Adviser reimbursed the Fund $2,215,274. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014, the Fund incurred operating expenses of $81,878,960 of which the Adviser reimbursed the Fund $1,870,975.
The Adviser acts as an investment adviser to other persons, firms or corporations (including investment companies), and has numerous advisory clients besides the Fund, none of which, however, is a registered investment company.
The Adviser is registered as an investment adviser with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. The Distributor, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Adviser, serves as the Fund's distributor and primary broker.
As a result of his position as President and CEO of the Adviser, Mr. Poppe controls the day-to-day management of the Adviser.
| 9 |
Management Fee
The following chart sets forth, for each of the last three years, (i) the management fee that was received by the Adviser, (ii) the portion, if any, of such fee reimbursed to the Fund pursuant to the expense limitation described above and (iii) the net amount received by the Adviser from the Fund.
| Year Ended | Management Fee | Amount Reimbursed |
Net
Amount
Received |
|||||||||
| December 31, 2014 | $ | 79,857,902 | $ | 1,870,975 | $ | 77,986,927 | ||||||
| December 31, 2015 | $ | 83,374,569 | $ | 2,215,274 | $ | 81,159,295 | ||||||
| December 31, 2016 | $ | 51,213,068 | $ | 3,517,864 | $ | 47,695,204 | ||||||
Portfolio Manager and Investment Committee
The Adviser manages the investment portfolio and the general business affairs of the Fund pursuant to the Contract. David M. Poppe is the portfolio manager of the Fund and, subject to the investment parameters established from time to time by the Investment Committee the Adviser (the “Committee”), is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund's portfolio. The Committee, which reflects the team approach used by the Adviser, is comprised of the following voting members and meets regularly to determine the current investment parameters of the Fund: David M. Poppe, John B. Harris, Arman Gokgol-Kline, Trevor Magyar and D. Chase Sheridan. Gregory Alexander is a non-voting member of the Committee.
Mr. Poppe, as portfolio manager of the Fund, may take actions for the Fund that are not within the investment parameters established by the Committee in the event that he determines that events or circumstances require him to take such actions and it is not practicable to convene a meeting of the Committee. Mr. Poppe has been authorized by the Committee to limit the value of the Fund's investment in any security from exceeding 20% of the Fund's net assets.
The Fund does not directly compensate the members of the Committee. Each Committee member's compensation is paid solely by the Adviser in the form of a fixed salary and bonus. In addition, each Committee member also receives a percentage of the net profits of the Adviser based on his share ownership of the Adviser. The net profits of the Adviser include profits of the Distributor (if any), a portion of which is derived from the Fund's use of the Distributor to effect securities transactions. The Committee members are not compensated based directly on the performance of the Fund. The Fund, with net assets of $4,096,413,832 at December 31, 2016, is the sole registered investment company managed by the Committee and its members. The advisory fee paid by the Fund is not based on the performance of the Fund.
The following tables provide information regarding other pooled investment vehicles and other accounts over which the voting Committee members also have day-to-day management responsibilities. The tables provide the numbers of such accounts, the total assets in such accounts and the number of accounts and total assets whose fees are based on performance. The information is provided as of December 31, 2016.
OTHER POOLED INVESTMENT VEHICLES
| Portfolio Manager | Total Number of Other Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed | Total Assets of Other Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed | Number of Other Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed with Performance-based Fees | Total Assets of Other Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed with Performance-based Fees | ||||||||||||
| David M. Poppe | 2 | $ | 795,000 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
| John B. Harris | 3 | $ | 270,060,000 | 2 | $ | 226,823,000 | ||||||||||
| Arman Gokgol-Kline | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
| Trevor Magyar | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
| D. Chase Sheridan | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
| 10 |
OTHER ACCOUNTS
| Portfolio Manager | Total Number of Other Accounts Managed | Total Assets of Other Accounts Managed | Number of Other Accounts Managed with Performance-based Fees | Total Assets of Other Accounts Managed with Performance-based Fees | ||||||||||||
| David M. Poppe | 24 | $ | 182,406,000 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
| John B. Harris | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
| Arman Gokgol-Kline | 11 | $ | 8,517,000 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
| Trevor Magyar | 0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
| D. Chase Sheridan | 4 | $ | 9,606,000 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Potential conflicts of interest may arise for any Committee member between the management of the investments of the Fund and the management of the investments of the other pooled vehicles and other accounts. Although such accounts and vehicles are managed in a similar manner to the Fund, the accounts and vehicles are not subject to the same regulatory requirements and restrictions as the Fund. In addition, concentrations of securities and cash may differ between any account or vehicle and the Fund due to many factors and circumstances.
The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures designed to ensure that investment allocations and trading practices are fair to its clients and that no client is disadvantaged over any other client over time. The Adviser has also adopted a Code of Ethics that is designed to detect and prevent conflicts of interest when investment personnel of the Adviser engage in personal securities transactions.
The dollar ranges of the Fund's equity securities owned directly or beneficially by the voting Committee members as of December 31, 2016 are set forth below:
DOLLAR RANGE OF EQUITY SECURITIES OF THE FUND
| David M. Poppe | over $1,000,000 |
| John B. Harris | $500,001 - $1,000,000 |
| Arman Gokgol-Kline | over $1,000,000 |
| Trevor Magyar | $500,001 - $1,000,000 |
| D. Chase Sheridan | $500,001 - $1,000,000 |
DISTRIBUTOR AND DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Adviser, is the Fund's Distributor. Pursuant to the agreement between the Fund and the Distributor (the “Distribution Agreement”), the Distributor serves as the Fund’s distributor and principal underwriter and as such is authorized to solicit orders from the public to purchase shares of the Fund’s common stock. The Distributor acts in this capacity merely as the Fund’s agent, and all subscriptions must be accepted by the Fund as principal.
The Distribution Agreement was approved through December 31, 2018 by a vote, cast in person, of the Directors, including a majority of the Directors who are not “interested persons”, as defined in the 1940 Act, at their meeting held on March 7, 2017. The Distribution Agreement continues in effect so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually (1) by the Directors of the Fund and by vote of a majority of the Directors of the Fund who are not parties to the Distribution Agreement or affiliated persons, as defined in the 1940 Act, of any such party (other than as directors of the Fund), or (2) by vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act).
The Fund paid no underwriting commissions to the Distributor for the years ended December 31, 2014, December 31, 2015 or December 31, 2016.
| 11 |
BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (“BNY Mellon” or the “Administrator”) provides certain administration and accounting services to the Fund pursuant to a Fund Administration and Accounting Services Agreement between the Fund and BNY Mellon.
The Administrator provides various administrative and accounting services necessary for the operations of the Fund, including certain valuation support and accounting services, financial reporting services, tax services and fund administration services.
For providing such services, the Administrator receives a base fee and an asset-based fee, computed daily and paid monthly. The Fund also reimburses the Administrator for certain out-of-pocket expenses. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Fund incurred $159,527 in administration and accounting services fees.
ALLOCATION OF PORTFOLIO BROKERAGE
The Fund has authorized the Adviser to use the Distributor to effect securities transactions for the Fund. The Fund has adopted procedures incorporating the standards of Rule 17e-1 of the 1940 Act, which require that the commissions paid to the affiliated broker-dealer be reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received, or to be received, by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities during a comparable period of time.
The Fund and the Adviser generally do not direct the Fund’s portfolio transactions to persons or firms to obtain brokerage or research services provided by such person or firm. While neither the Fund nor the Adviser has a present intention of doing so, the Adviser may execute transactions in the Fund’s portfolio securities through persons or firms which supply Section 28(e) eligible brokerage or research services to the Adviser, but only when consistent with the Fund’s policy to seek the most favorable markets, prices and executions in its securities transactions. In these limited circumstances, the Adviser may direct orders to a broker-dealer in recognition of the brokerage or research services it furnishes to the Adviser and pay commissions to the broker-dealer in excess of the amounts other broker-dealers would have charged for executing the orders. The services that the Adviser may obtain in these limited circumstances include attendance at seminars and conferences and meetings with corporate executives of issuers whose securities are held in client accounts or that are under consideration by the Adviser. The Adviser would not attempt to allocate among its clients the relative costs or benefits of the services obtained, believing that the services, in the aggregate, assist the Adviser in fulfilling its overall duty to its clients. The Adviser would periodically determine in good faith that the commissions paid for the services are reasonable in relation to the value of the services provided by broker-dealers, viewed either in terms of a particular transaction or the Adviser’s overall duty to its clients.
The Fund may invest in some instances in securities which are not listed on a national securities exchange but are traded in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market or the third market. It may also execute transactions in listed securities through the third market. Where transactions are executed in the OTC market or the third market, the Adviser seeks to deal with primary market makers and to execute transactions on the Fund’s behalf, except in those circumstances where, in the opinion of management, better prices and executions may be available elsewhere. The Fund does not allocate brokerage business in return for sales of the Fund’s shares.
| 12 |
The following chart sets forth figures pertaining to the Fund’s brokerage during the last three years:
| Year Ended |
Total
Brokerage
Commissions Paid* |
Brokerage
Commissions Paid to the Distributor* |
||||||
| December 31, 2014 | $ | 358,318 | $ | 358,318 | ||||
| December 31, 2015 | $ | 394,404 | $ | 394,404 | ||||
| December 31, 2016 | $ | 1,272,509 | ** | $ | 1,272,509 | ** | ||
* This amount includes foreign securities transaction fees of $131,342, $92,382 and $44,716 paid in connection with foreign securities transactions for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2014, December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
**The total brokerage commissions paid by the Fund increased materially from the previous year due to an increase in the number of portfolio transactions.
During the year ended December 31, 2016, the brokerage commissions and fees paid to the Distributor, an affiliated person of the Fund, represented 100% of the total brokerage commissions and fees paid by the Fund during such year and were paid on account of transactions having an aggregate dollar value equal to 100% of the aggregate dollar value of all portfolio transactions of the Fund during such year for which commissions and fees were paid.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
To prevent the misuse of non-public information about the Fund’s portfolio, it is the policy of the Fund and its affiliated persons not to disclose to third parties non-public information of a material nature about the Fund’s specific portfolio holdings. Disclosure of non-public information about the Fund’s specific portfolio holdings may be made when the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for making the disclosure, such as making disclosures to the Fund’s brokers or other service providers. The Fund requires parties to whom non-public information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings has been disclosed to keep such information confidential. The Fund also prohibits such parties from trading on the basis of such information. The Fund receives no compensation for such disclosures. The Fund has procedures for preventing the unauthorized disclosure of material non-public information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings. The Fund, Adviser and Distributor have each adopted a Code of Ethics that prohibits Fund or advisory personnel from using non-public information for their personal benefit.
The Fund publicly files a portfolio report on a quarterly basis, either by way of a shareholder report or a filing on Form N-Q, within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter. These reports are available to the public on the Fund’s website or by calling the Fund’s toll-free telephone number. Any exception to the Fund’s policy must be approved by an officer of the Fund and reported to the Chief Compliance Officer, who reports to the Board. Changes in the disclosure policy of the Fund will be approved by the Board.
The net asset value of each share (“NAV”) of the Fund’s common stock on which the subscription and redemption prices are based is determined as of the close of regular trading of the Exchange (generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) each day the Exchange is open for business (each a “Fund Business Day”). The Exchange is closed on New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas. To calculate the NAV, the Fund’s assets are valued and totaled, liabilities are subtracted, and the balance, called net assets, is divided by the number of shares outstanding.
For purposes of this computation, readily marketable portfolio securities listed on the Exchange are valued at the last quoted sales price on the business day as of which such value is being determined. If there has been no sale on the Exchange, the security is valued at the mean of the last bid and asked prices on such day. If no bid and asked prices are quoted on the Exchange, then the security is valued by such method as the Board shall determine in good faith to reflect its fair market value.
Securities traded on a foreign exchange are valued at the official closing price (or, in the absence of an official closing price, the last quoted sales price, or, in the absence of an official closing price and last quoted sales price, the mean of the last bid and asked prices) on the last business day on the principal exchange on which the security is primarily traded. Values for securities listed on a foreign exchange are converted into their U.S. Dollar equivalent at the foreign exchange rate in effect at the close of the Exchange on that day.
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Readily marketable securities not listed on the Exchange or on a foreign securities exchange but listed on other national securities exchanges are valued at the last quoted sales price on the business day as of which such value is being determined. If there has been no sale on such exchange, the security is valued at the mean of the last bid and asked prices on such day. If no bid and asked prices are quoted on such exchange, then the security is valued by such method as the Board shall determine in good faith to reflect its fair market value. Securities traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. (“NASDAQ”) are valued using the NASDAQ Official Closing Price.
Treasury Bills with remaining maturities of 60 days or less are valued at their amortized cost. Under the amortized cost method of valuation, an instrument is valued at cost and the interest payable at maturity upon the instrument is accrued as income, on a daily basis, over the remaining life of the instrument. A Treasury Bill with a remaining maturity in excess of 60 days is valued on the basis of market quotations and estimates until the 60th day prior to maturity, at which point it is valued at amortized cost. In that event, the “cost” of the security is deemed to be the security’s stated market value on the 61st day prior to maturity.
All other assets of the Fund, including restricted and not readily marketable securities, are valued in accordance with the Fund’s valuation procedures established by and under the supervision of the Board. Portfolio securities for which market quotations are not readily available or are determined to be unreliable are valued at fair value as determined by the Adviser as of the valuation time in accordance with the Fund’s valuation procedures.
For purposes of determining the Fund’s NAV each day, the value of all assets and liabilities initially expressed in a foreign currency is converted into U.S. Dollars at the foreign exchange rate in effect at the close of the Exchange on that day.
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES
Purchases: General
The Fund reserves the right to withdraw the offering of Fund shares at any time, without notice. The Fund also reserves the right to reject any order, whether direct or through an intermediary, to purchase shares (including additional purchases by existing shareholders).
Purchases: Limitations or Restrictions
The Fund may impose limitations or restrictions on purchases of Fund shares periodically to protect the implementation of the Fund’s investment strategy or objective or otherwise control the Fund’s asset levels. The Fund may, for example, take one or more of the following actions to limit or restrict purchases of Fund shares:
| · | Permit only existing shareholders to add to their existing accounts through the purchase of additional Fund shares and through the reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gain distributions on any shares owned; |
| · | Limit the ability to open new accounts through financial intermediaries and other financial services organizations; |
| · | Limit shareholders’ ability to add to their accounts through the Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”) or increase the AIP amount; |
| · | Limit the ability of sponsors of qualified contribution retirement plans (for example, 401(k) plans, profit sharing plans and money purchase plans), 403(b) plans or 457 plans and other intermediaries to permit purchases by new plans or existing participants; |
| · | Limit the ability of financial intermediaries and financial advisers to purchase shares for any new or existing client; and |
| · | Prohibit new purchases by existing shareholders and any new investor and transfers of Fund shares by an existing shareholder to any new investor. |
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When Fund assets reach a level at which additional inflows can be invested without impairing the implementation of the Fund’s investment strategy or objective, the Fund may remove an existing limitation or restriction on purchases of Fund shares.
When the Fund imposes a limitation or restriction on purchases of Fund shares or modifies it, the Fund will post information concerning the limitation or restriction or modification on its website at www.sequoiafund.com.
The Fund retains the right to make exceptions to any limitation or restriction on purchases of Fund shares.
Redemptions
The right of redemption may not be suspended or (other than by reason of a shareholder’s delay in furnishing the required documentation following certain oral redemption requests) the date of payment upon redemption postponed for more than seven days after a shareholder’s redemption request in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Prospectus, except for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings) or during which the Commission determines that trading thereon is restricted, or for any period during which an emergency (as determined by the Commission) exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable or as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund fairly to determine its NAV, or for such other period as the Commission may by order permit for the protection of shareholders of the Fund.
Additional Purchase and Redemption Information
You may visit the Fund online at www.sequoiafund.com. In addition to checking your Fund account balance, you may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund through the website. The Fund has entered into an agreement with a third-party service provider pursuant to which it supports the Fund’s online capabilities. A provision of that agreement limits the service provider’s liability to the Fund such that the service provider’s liability would not exceed (i) as to any single claim, an amount exceeding the aggregate fees received by the service provider during the three months preceding the occurrence from which the claim arises and (ii) as to all claims, an amount exceeding the aggregate fees received by service provider during the most recent 12-month term of services with respect to which the claim arises.
Payments to Intermediaries
Certain financial intermediaries holding Fund shares for the benefit of their customers provide recordkeeping and other administrative services to those customers investing in the Fund. The Adviser has agreed to pay certain of these financial intermediaries an asset-based fee ranging up to 0.10% of the average daily net assets attributable to the intermediary for providing such recordkeeping and administrative services to its customers.
The Fund is a “non-diversified” investment company, which means the Fund is not limited (subject to the investment restrictions set forth above) in the proportion of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. However, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Fund has qualified, and for each fiscal year thereafter the Fund intends to conduct its operations so as to qualify, to be taxed as a “regulated investment company” for purposes of the Code (a “RIC”), which will relieve the Fund of any liability for Federal income tax on that part of its net ordinary taxable income and net realized long-term capital gain which it distributes to shareholders. Such qualification does not involve supervision of management or investment practices or policies by any government agency. To so qualify, among other requirements, the Fund will limit its investments so that, at the close of each quarter of the taxable year, (i) not more than 25 percent of the market value of the Fund’s total assets will be invested in the securities of a single issuer (the “25% test”), and (ii) with respect to 50 percent of the market value of its total assets, not more than 5 percent of the market value of its total assets will be invested in the securities of a single issuer and the Fund will not own more than 10 percent of the outstanding voting securities of a single issuer (the “50% test”). The Fund’s investments in U.S. Government securities are not subject to these limitations. The Fund will not lose its status as a RIC if the Fund fails to meet the 25% test or the 50% test at the close of a particular quarter due to fluctuations in the market values of its securities. Investors should consult their own counsel for a complete understanding of the requirements the Fund must meet to qualify as a RIC. The following discussion relates solely to the Federal income tax treatment of dividends and distributions by the Fund and assumes the Fund qualifies as a RIC. Investors should consult their own counsel for further details and for the application of state and local tax laws to their particular situation.
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Distributions of net ordinary taxable income (including any realized short-term capital gain) by the Fund to its shareholders are taxable to the recipient shareholders as ordinary income and, to the extent determined each year, are eligible, in the case of corporate shareholders, for the 70 percent dividends-received deduction, subject to reduction of the amount eligible for deduction if the aggregate qualifying dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations in any year are less than 100% of its gross income (excluding long-term capital gains from securities transactions). Under provisions of the current tax law, a corporation’s dividends-received deduction will be disallowed, however, unless the corporation holds shares in the Fund at least 46 days during the 90-day period beginning 45 days before the date on which the corporation becomes entitled to receive the dividend. Furthermore, the dividends-received deduction will be disallowed to the extent a corporation’s investment in shares of the Fund is financed with indebtedness. In view of the Fund’s investment policies, dividends from domestic corporations may be a large part of the Fund’s ordinary taxable income and, accordingly, a large part of such distributions by the Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction; however, this is largely dependent on the Fund’s investment policy for a particular year and therefore cannot be predicted with certainty.
A portion of the Fund’s distributions may be treated as “qualified dividend income,” taxable to individuals, trusts, and estates at the same preferential tax rates as long-term capital gains. A distribution is treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that the Fund receives dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations, provided that both the Fund and the individual satisfy certain holding period and other requirements. To the extent the Fund’s distributions are attributable to other sources, such as interest or capital gains, the distributions are not treated as qualified dividend income.
For federal income tax purposes, dividends declared and payable to shareholders of record as of a date in October, November or December of a given year but actually paid during the immediately following January will be treated as if paid by the Fund on December 31 of that calendar year and will be taxable to such shareholders for the year declared and not for the year in which the shareholders actually receive the dividend.
Cost Basis Reporting . Mutual funds are required to report to the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) the “cost basis” of shares acquired by a shareholder on or after January 1, 2012 (“covered shares”) and subsequently redeemed. These requirements do not apply to investments through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement plan. The “cost basis” of a share is generally its purchase price adjusted for dividends, return of capital, and other corporate actions. Cost basis is used to determine whether a sale of the shares results in a gain or loss. The amount of gain or loss recognized by a shareholder on the sale or redemption of shares is generally the difference between the cost basis of such shares and their sale price. If you redeem covered shares during any year, then the Fund will report the cost basis of such covered shares to the IRS and you on Form 1099-B along with the gross proceeds received on the redemption, the gain or loss realized on such redemption and the holding period of the redeemed shares.
A mutual fund company is required to know the cost accounting method you would like used when the company calculates the gain or loss associated with your redemption requests, either at the time of the redemption or prior to the redemption requests. If the mutual fund company does not have that information on file, it is required to use a default method to determine the cost basis.
The Fund has chosen the High Cost method as its default cost accounting method. Under the High Cost method, the shares with the highest cost are redeemed first. This default method will be utilized after all shares held prior to January 1, 2012 (“noncovered shares”) are redeemed.
The Fund also offers the following methods of calculating cost basis for purposes of computing the gain or loss associated with a redemption request:
· Average Cost – Values the cost of shares in an account by averaging the effect of all purchases made after January 1, 2012 in the account.
· First-In First-Out – Shares acquired first in the account are the first shares depleted.
· Last-In First-Out – Shares acquired last in the account are the first shares depleted.
· Low Cost – Shares acquired with the lowest cost per share are the first shares depleted.
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· Loss/Gain Utilization – Depletes shares with losses before gains, consistent with the objective of minimizing taxes. For shares that yield a loss, shares owned one year or less (short-term shares) will be redeemed before shares owned more than one year (long-term shares). For gains, long-term shares will be redeemed before short-term shares. With favorable long-term gains rates, long-term gains are given priority over short-term gains to reduce tax liability.
· Specific Lot Identification – The shareholder selects which lots to deplete at the time the redemption is requested. When choosing this method, the shareholder must select one of the following secondary methods as an alternate in the event a specific lot for depletion is not provided: First-In First-Out; Last-In First-Out; High Cost; Low Cost or Loss/Gain Utilization.
If you do not wish to utilize the High Cost calculation chosen by the Fund, you may elect to utilize a different accounting method for your future redemption activity. If you elect a method other than High Cost or Specific Lot Identification, the method you choose will not be utilized until all shares held prior to January 1, 2012 are redeemed. If you elect Specific Lot Identification as your cost method, you may select from both covered and non-covered shares for your redemption request. The Fund does not maintain historic lot information for non-covered shares. Be sure to consult your tax advisor regarding which method may be right for you.
The authorized capital stock of the Fund consists of 100,000,000 shares of common stock, each having $.10 par value.
The Fund is a Maryland corporation. The Articles of Incorporation of the Fund give the Fund the right to purchase for cash the shares of common stock evidenced by any stock certificate presented for transfer at a purchase price equal to the aggregate NAV determined as of the next close of business of the Exchange after such certificate is presented for transfer, computed as in the case of a redemption of shares.
The Fund’s shares have non-cumulative voting rights, which means that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of directors can elect 100% of the directors if they choose to do so, and in such event the holders of the remaining less than 50% of the shares voting for such election of directors will not be able to elect any person or persons to the Board.
To the knowledge of the Fund, the following persons owned of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund as of the close of business on March 31, 2017:
| Name and Address | Number of Shares | % of Shares | ||
| Charles Schwab & Co Inc. | 2,981,846.9030 | 12.20 % | ||
|
211 Main St. San Francisco, CA 94105-1905 |
CUSTODIAN, REGISTRAR AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICING AGENT, COUNSEL AND INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Bank of New York Mellon, 225 Liberty Street, New York, New York 10286, acts as custodian for the Fund’s securities portfolio and cash. Subject to the supervision of the Board, The Bank of New York Mellon may enter into sub-custodial agreements for the holding of the Fund’s foreign securities.
DST Systems, Inc., 333 W. 11 th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64105, serves as the registrar and shareholder servicing agent for the Fund.
Seward & Kissel LLP, 901 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20001, serves as counsel to the Fund.
KPMG LLP, 345 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10154, serves as independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund.
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The financial statements of the Fund for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 and the corresponding report of KPMG LLP are incorporated herein by reference to the Fund’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. The Annual Report dated December 31, 2016 was filed on Form N-CSR with the Commission on March 1, 2017. The annual report is available without charge upon request by contacting the Fund at 1-800-686-6884.
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Sequoia Fund
Part C – Other Information
| Item 28. | Exhibits |
The following Exhibits are filed as part of this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registrant's Registration Statement:
| (a) | (1) | Articles of Incorporation - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (1)(a) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 2-35566 and 811-01976) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on April 17, 1998. |
| (2) | Articles of Amendment - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (1)(b) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 2-35566 and 811-01976) filed with the SEC on April 17, 1998. | |
| (3) | Articles of Amendment - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (1)(c) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 2-35566 and 811-01976) filed with the SEC on April 17, 1998. | |
| (4) | Articles of Amendment - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (1)(d) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 2-35566 and 811-01976) filed with the SEC on April 17, 1998. | |
| (5) | Articles of Amendment - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (1)(e) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 2-35566 and 811-01976) filed with the SEC on April 17, 1998. | |
| (6) | Articles Supplementary - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a)(6) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 48 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 2-35566 and 811-01976) filed with the SEC on April 29, 2002. | |
| (b) | Amended and Restated By-Laws – Filed herewith. | |
| (c) | Not Applicable. | |
| (d) | Investment Advisory Contract between the Registrant and Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc. – Filed herewith. | |
| (e) | Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb LLC – Filed herewith. | |
| (f) | Not Applicable. | |
| (g) | (1) | Amended and Restated Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon (“BNYM”), dated July 15, 2013 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (g)(1)of Post-Effective Amendment No. 68 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 2-35566 and 811-01976) filed with the SEC on April 28, 2015. |
| (2) | Foreign Custody Manager Agreement between the Registrant and BNYM, dated July 15, 2013 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (g)(2) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 68 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 2-35566 and 811-01976) filed with the SEC on April 28, 2015. |
| (h) | (1)(a) | Services Agreement between the Registrant and Data-Sys-Tance, Inc. - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (9) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 2-35566 and 811-01976) filed with the SEC on April 17, 1998. |
| (1)(b) | Amendment to Services Agreement between the Registrant and Data-Sys-Tance, Inc., dated May 17, 2014 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(1)(b) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 68 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 2-35566 and 811-01976) filed with the SEC on April 28, 2015. | |
| (1)(c) | Amendment to Services Agreement between the Registrant and Data-Sys-Tance, Inc., dated June 3, 2015 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(1)(c) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 70 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 2-35566 and 811-01976) filed with the SEC on April 29, 2016. | |
| (2) | Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement between the Registrant and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc., dated June 30, 2014 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (h)(2) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 68 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 2-35566 and 811-01976) filed with the SEC on April 28, 2015. |
| (i) | Opinion and Consent of Seward & Kissel LLP – Filed herewith. | |
| (j) | Consent of KPMG LLP – Filed herewith. | |
| (k) | Not Applicable. | |
| (l) | Not Applicable. | |
| (m) | Not Applicable. | |
| (n) | Not Applicable. | |
| (o) | Reserved. | |
| (p) | (1) | Amended and Restated Code of Ethics, dated September 12, 2016 – Filed herewith. |
| (2) | Code of Ethics of the Independent Directors of the Registrant, dated September 12, 2016 – Filed herewith. | |
| Other Exhibits: Powers of Attorney for Messrs. Harris and Atkins – Filed herewith. | ||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | ||
| Positions and | ||||
| Positions and Offices | Offices with | |||
| Name | with Underwriter | Registrant | ||
| David M. Poppe | President and Director | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||
| Wendy Goodrich | Executive Vice President | Executive Vice President | ||
| Paul J. Greenberg | Financial and Operations Principal | Treasurer | ||
| Michael Sloyer | General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer | Secretary, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Amendment to its Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the 1933 Act and has duly caused this Amendment to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of New York and the State of New York, on the 28 th day of April, 2017.
| SEQUOIA FUND, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ David M. Poppe | |
|
David M. Poppe
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director |
||
Pursuant to the requirements of the 1933 Act, this Amendment to the Registrant’s Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Capacity | Date | ||
| (1) Principal Executive Officer: | ||||
| By: /s/ David M. Poppe | President, CEO and Director | April 28, 2017 | ||
| David M. Poppe | ||||
| (2) Principal Financial and Accounting Officer: | ||||
| By: /s/Paul J. Greenberg | Treasurer | April 28, 2017 | ||
| Paul J. Greenberg | ||||
| (3) All of the Directors: | ||||
| By: /s/ David M. Poppe | April 28, 2017 | |||
| David M. Poppe | ||||
| Roger Lowenstein* | April 28, 2017 | |||
| Edward Lazarus* | April 28, 2017 | |||
| Robert L. Swiggett* | April 28, 2017 | |||
| Tim Medley* | April 28, 2017 | |||
| Peter Atkins* | April 28, 2017 | |||
| John B. Harris* | April 28, 2017 | |||
| * | By: /s/ David M. Poppe | April 28, 2017 | ||
| David M. Poppe | ||||
| Attorney-in-Fact | ||||
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
| (b) | Amended and Restated By-Laws |
| (d) | Investment Advisory Contract between the Registrant and Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc. |
| (e) | Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb LLC |
| (i) | Opinion and Consent of Seward & Kissel LLP |
| (j) | Consent of KPMG LLP |
| (p)(1) | Amended and Restated Code of Ethics, dated September 12, 2016 |
| (p)(2) | Code of Ethics of the Independent Directors of the Registrant, dated September 12, 2016 |
| Other Exhibits: | Powers of Attorney for Messrs. Harris and Atkins |
Exhibit (b)
BY-LAWS OF SEQUOIA FUND, INC.
(Amended and Restated as of December 5, 2016)
ARTICLE I
Offices
Section 1. Principal Office in Maryland. The principal office shall be in the City of Baltimore, State of Maryland.
Section 2. Other Offices. The Corporation may have offices also at such other places within and without the State of Maryland as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or as the business of the Corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
Meetings of Stockholders
Section 1. Place of Meeting. Meetings of stockholders shall be held at such place, either within the State of Maryland or at such other place within the United States, as shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors.
Section 2. Annual Meetings. The Corporation shall not be required to hold an annual meeting of its stockholders in any year in which the election of directors is not required to be acted upon under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”). In the event that the Corporation shall be required to hold an annual meeting of stockholders to elect directors by the 1940 Act, such meeting shall be held within 120 days (or such other time period as required by applicable law) of the occurrence of the event requiring the meeting. Any stockholders’ meeting held in accordance with this section shall for all purposes constitute the annual meeting of stockholders for the year in which the meeting is held.
Section 3. Notice of Annual Meeting. Written or printed notice of the annual meeting, stating the place, date and hour thereof, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat not less than ten or more than ninety days before the date of the meeting.
Section 4. Special Meetings. Special meetings of stockholders may be called by the chairman of the Board of Directors or the president and/or chief executive officer and shall be called by the secretary upon the written request of holders of shares entitled to cast not less than twenty-five per cent of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting. Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of such meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on thereat. In the case of such request for a special meeting, upon payment by such stockholders to the Corporation of the estimated reasonable cost of preparing and mailing a notice of such meeting, the secretary shall give the notice of such meeting. The secretary shall not be required to call a special meeting to consider any matter which is substantially the same as a matter acted upon at any special meeting of stockholders held within the preceding twelve months unless requested to do so by holders of shares entitled to cast not less than a majority of all votes entitled to be cast at such meeting.
Section 5. Notice of Special Meeting. Written or printed notice of a special meeting of stockholders, stating the place, date, hour and purpose thereof, shall be given by the secretary to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat not less than ten nor more than ninety days before the date fixed for the meeting.
Section 6. Business of Special Meetings. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice thereof.
Section 7. Quorum. The holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business.
Section 8. Voting. When a quorum is present at any meeting, the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast shall decide any question brought before such meeting, unless the question is one upon which by express provision of the 1940 Act, as from time to time in effect, or other statutes or rules or orders of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor thereto or of the Articles of Incorporation a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question.
Section 9. Proxies. Each stockholder shall at every meeting of stockholders be entitled to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of the Common Stock having voting power held by such stockholder, but no proxy shall be voted after three years from its date, unless otherwise provided in the proxy.
Section 10. Record Date. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date which shall be not more than ninety days and, in the case of a meeting of stockholders, not less than ten days prior to the date on which the particular action requiring such determination of stockholders is to be taken. In lieu of fixing a record date, the Board of Directors may provide that the stock transfer books shall be closed for a stated period but not to exceed, in any case, twenty days. If the stock transfer books are closed for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders, such books shall be closed for at least ten days immediately preceding such meeting. If no record date is fixed and the stock transfer books are not closed for the determination of stockholders: (1) The record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of, or to vote at, a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day on which notice of the meeting of stockholders is mailed or the day thirty days before the meeting, whichever is the closer date to the meeting and (2) The record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive payment of a dividend or an allotment of any rights shall be at the close of business on the day on which the resolution of the Board of Directors, declaring the dividend or allotment of rights, is adopted, provided that the payment or allotment date shall not be more than sixty days after the date of the adoption of such resolution.
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Section 11. Inspectors of Election. The directors, in advance of any meeting, may, but need not, appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting or any adjournment thereof. If an inspector or inspectors are not appointed, the person presiding at the meeting may, but need not, appoint one or more inspectors. In case any person who may be appointed as an inspector fails to appear or act, the vacancy may be filled by appointment made by the directors in advance of the meeting or at the meeting by the person presiding thereat. Each inspector, if any, before entering upon the discharge of his duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector at such meeting with strict impartiality and according to the best of his ability. The inspectors, if any, shall determine the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, the validity and effect of proxies, and shall receive votes, ballots or consents, hear and determine all challenges and questions arising in connection with the right to vote, count and tabulate all votes, ballots or consent determine the result, and do such acts as are proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all stockholders. On request of the person presiding at the meeting or any stockholder, the inspector or inspectors, if any, shall make a report in writing of any challenge, question or matter determined by him or them and execute a certificate of any fact found by him or them.
Section 12. Informal Action by Stockholders. Except to the extent prohibited by the 1940 Act, as from time to time in effect, or rules or orders of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor thereto, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of stockholders may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing, setting forth such action, is signed by all the stockholders entitled to vote on the subject matter thereof and any other stockholders entitled to notice of a meeting of stockholders (but not to vote thereat) have waived in writing any rights which they may have to dissent from such action, and such consent and waiver are filed with the records of the Corporation.
ARTICLE III
Board of Directors
Section 1. Number of Directors. The number of directors constituting the entire Board of Directors (which was initially seven (9/12/80)) may be increased or decreased from time to time by the vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors within the limits permitted by law but at no time may be more than twenty. The tenure of office of a director in office at the time of any decrease in the number of directors shall not be affected as a result thereof. Except as provided for in Section 2 of this Article, the directors shall be elected to hold office by stockholders at an annual meeting of stockholders when an annual meeting for that purpose is required to be held under the 1940 Act, and each director shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders or until his successor is elected and qualified. Any director may resign at any time upon written notice to the Corporation. Any director may be removed, either with or without cause, at any meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present by the affirmative vote of the majority of the votes entitled to be cast thereon, and the vacancy in the Board of Directors caused by such removal may be filled by the stockholders at the time of such removal. Directors need not be stockholders.
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Section 2. Vacancies and Newly-created Directorships. Any vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors for any cause other than by reason of an increase in the number of directors may be filled by a majority of the remaining members of the Board of Directors although such majority is less than a quorum. Any vacancy occurring by reason of an increase in the number of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum. A director elected by the Board of Directors to fill a vacancy shall be elected to hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders or until his successor is elected and qualifies.
Section 3. Tenure. A director may serve the Corporation in that capacity subject to the mandatory retirement policy, which requires any director of the Corporation to retire upon attaining the age of 75, except for (a) existing directors of the Corporation who are age 75 or older as of June 9, 2008 and (b) existing directors of the Corporation who, upon attaining the age of 75, have served in that capacity for less than five years, in which case any such director may continue to serve until he or she has served for a total of five years. Subject to the mandatory retirement policy, a director may otherwise serve without restriction as to tenure of service or age provided that the director has the continuing ability to serve, and that on an annual basis, the independent directors, in consultation with the chief executive officer shall independently consider and affirmatively evaluate the abilities of a director to serve in that capacity.
Section 4. Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by the Board of Directors which shall exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Articles of Incorporation or by these By-Laws conferred upon or reserved to the stockholders.
Section 5. Annual Meeting. The first meeting of each newly elected Board of Directors shall be held immediately following the adjournment of the annual meeting of stockholders and at the place thereof. No notice of such meeting to the directors shall be necessary in order legally to constitute the meeting, provided a quorum shall be present. In the event such meeting is not so held, the meeting may be held at such time and place as shall be specified in a notice given as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the Board of Directors.
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Section 6. Other Meetings. The Board of Directors of the Corporation or any committee thereof may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of Maryland. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the chairman of the Board of Directors or the president and/or chief executive officer and shall be called by the secretary on the written request of two or more directors. Notice of special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be given by the secretary to each director at least three days before the meeting if by mail or at least 24 hours before the meeting if given in person or by telephone or by telegraph. The notice need not specify the business to be transacted.
Section 7. Quorum and Voting. At meetings of the Board of Directors, two of the directors in office at the time, but in no event less than one-third of the entire Board of Directors, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The action of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the action of the Board of Directors. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.
Section 8. Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the entire Board of Directors, appoint from among its members an executive committee and other committees of the Board of Directors, each committee to be composed of two or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may, to the extent provided in the resolution, delegate to such committees, in the intervals between meetings of the Board of Directors, any or all of the powers of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, except the power to declare dividends, to issue stock or to recommend to stockholders any action requiring stockholders' approval. Such committee or committees shall have the name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors. Unless the Board of Directors designates one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace an absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee, the members of any such committee present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting may, whether or not they constitute a quorum, unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any absent or disqualified member of such committee. At meetings of any such committee, a majority of the members or alternate members of such committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the members or alternate members present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the committee.
Section 9. Minutes of Committee Meetings. The committees shall keep regular minutes of their proceedings.
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Section 10. Informal Action by Board of Directors and Committees. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if a written consent thereto is signed by all members of the Board of Directors or of such committee, as the case may be, and such written consent is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.
Section 11. Meetings by Conference Telephone. The members of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or committee by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time and such participation shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
Section 12. Fees and Expenses. The directors may be paid their expenses of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like reimbursement and compensation for attending committee meetings.
ARTICLE IV
Notices
Section 1. General. Notices to directors and stock-holders mailed to them at their post office addresses appearing on the books of the Corporation shall be deemed to be given at the time when deposited in the United States mail.
Section 2. Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of the statutes, of the Articles of Incorporation or of these By-Laws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent of notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.
ARTICLE V
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Officers
Section 1. General. The officers of the Corporation shall include a president and/or chief executive officer, a secretary, a treasurer, and a chief compliance officer. The Board of Directors shall elect such officers of the Corporation annually. The Board of Directors may also choose such vice presidents and additional officers or assistant officers as it may deem advisable. Any number of offices, except the offices of president and vice president, may be held by the same person. No officer shall execute, acknowledge or verify any instrument in more than one capacity if such instrument is required by law to be executed, acknowledged or verified by two or more officers.
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Section 2. Other Officers and Agents. The Board of Directors may appoint such vice presidents, and additional officers or assistant officers and agents as it desires who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors.
Section 3. Tenure of Officers. The officers of the Corporation shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Directors, subject to the mandatory retirement policy, which requires any officer of the Corporation to retire upon attaining the age of 75. Subject to the mandatory retirement policy, each officer shall otherwise hold his office until his successor is elected and qualifies or until his earlier resignation or removal. Any officer may resign at any time upon written notice to the Corporation. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors when, in its judgment, the best interests of the Corporation will be served thereby. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation by death, retirement, resignation, removal or otherwise shall be filled by the Board of Directors.
Section 4. Chairman of the Board of Directors. The chairman of the Board of Directors shall be designated by the Board of Directors for a two-year term, with the initial two-year term to begin at January 1, 2009, and shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors. The position of chairman of the Board of Directors shall rotate among the independent directors, with no independent director serving for successive terms. The chairman shall have such other duties and powers as may be determined by the Board of Directors from time to time. The chairman shall not be an officer of the Corporation except as otherwise determined by resolution of the Board of Directors or amendment of these By-laws.
Section 5. President and Chief Executive Officer. The president and/or chief executive officer shall have general and active management of the business of the Corporation, shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as are usually incident to a president or chief executive officer of a corporation, shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors from time to time, and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect. The president and/or chief executive officer shall execute on behalf of the Corporation, and may affix the seal of the Corporation to all instruments requiring such execution, except where such instruments are required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors to some other officer or agent of the Corporation.
The president and/or chief executive officer shall, in the absence of the chairman of the Board of Directors, preside at all meetings of the stockholders or the Board of Directors. In the absence or inability to act of the chairman of the Board of Directors, the president and/or chief executive officer shall perform all of the duties and may exercise all of the powers of the chairman of the Board of Directors. He also shall have such other powers and shall perform such other duties as may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the Board of Directors from time to time.
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Section 6. Vice Presidents. The vice presidents shall act under the direction of the president and in the absence or disability of the president shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of the president. They shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the president or the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe. The Board of Directors may designate one or more executive vice presidents or may otherwise specify the order of seniority of the vice presidents and, in that event, the duties and powers of the president shall descend to the vice presidents in the specified order of seniority.
Section 7. Secretary. The secretary shall act under the direction of the chairman of the Board of Directors. Subject to such direction, he shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of stockholders and record the proceedings in a book to be kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the committees designated by the Board of Directors when required. He shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the president or the Board of Directors. He shall keep in safe custody the seal of the Corporation and shall affix the seal or cause it to be affixed to any instrument requiring it.
Section 8. Assistant Secretaries. The assistant secretaries in the order of their seniority, unless otherwise determined by the president or the Board of Directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary. They shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the president or the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.
Section 9. Treasurer. The treasurer shall act under the direction of the chairman of the Board of Directors. Subject to such direction, he shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. He shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the president or the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the president and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all his transactions as treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation.
Section 10. Assistant Treasurers. The assistant treasurers in the order of their seniority, unless otherwise determined by the president or the Board of Directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the treasurer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the treasurer. They shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the president or the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.
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Section 11. Chief Compliance Officer. The chief compliance officer shall be responsible for administering the Corporation’s policies and procedures, adopted in accordance with Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act (“Rule 38a-1”), or otherwise, that are reasonably designed to prevent violation of federal securities laws in connection with the Corporation’s activities. The chief compliance officer shall be authorized to compel all officers, employees and agents of the Corporation to produce the books and records of the investment adviser, distributor, transfer agent and other service provider (each a “Service Provider”) to the Corporation and shall have all such other powers and perform such other duties as are consistent with the administration of the Corporation’s compliance policies and procedures and the chief compliance officer’s other responsibilities under Rule 38a-1 and as shall from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors. The chief compliance officer shall make recommendations to the Corporation and the Service Providers as to any amendments that the chief compliance officer believes are necessary and desirable to carry out or improve the compliance policies and procedures. The chief compliance officer shall be subject to the oversight of the Board of Directors, which shall have the exclusive authority to hire and remove the chief compliance officer. The chief compliance officer shall prepare and make the annual report to the Board concerning the compliance policies and procedures as required by Rule 38a-1.
The chief compliance officer shall receive such reasonable compensation, from the Corporation or otherwise, for the performance of his duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.
ARTICLE VI
Capital Stock
Section 1. General. Every holder of Common Stock of the Corporation who has made full payment of the consideration for such stock shall be entitled upon request to have a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by, the chairman of the Board of Directors, the president and/or chief executive officer or a vice president and countersigned by the treasurer or an assistant treasurer or the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of whole shares of Common Stock owned by him in the Corporation.
Section 2. Fractional Share Interests or Scrip. The Corporation may, but shall not be obliged to, issue fractions of a share of Common Stock, arrange for the disposition of fractional interests by those entitled thereto, pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share of Common Stock as of the time when those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or issue scrip or other evidence of ownership which shall entitle the holder to receive a certificate for a full share of Common Stock upon the surrender of such scrip or other evidence of ownership aggregating a full share. Fractional shares of Common Stock shall have proportionately to the respective fractions represented thereby all the rights of whole shares, including the right to vote, the right to receive dividends and distributions and the right to participate upon liquidation of the Corporation, excluding however the right to receive a stock certificate representing such fractional shares. The Board of Directors may cause such scrip or evidence of ownership to be issued subject to the condition that it shall become void if not exchanged for certificates representing full shares of Common Stock before a specified date or subject to the condition that the shares of Common Stock for which such scrip or evidence of ownership is exchangeable may be sold by the Corporation and the proceeds thereof distributed to the holders of such script or evidence of ownership, or subject to any other reasonable conditions which the Board of Directors shall deem advisable, including provision for forfeiture of such proceeds to the Corporation if not claimed within a period of not less than three years after the date of the original issuance of scrip certificates.
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Section 3. Signatures on Certificates. Any of or all the signatures on a certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall cease to be such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued with the same effect as if he were such officer at the date of issue. The seal of the Corporation or a facsimile thereof may, but need not, be affixed to certificates of stock.
Section 4. Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of any affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate or certificates to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate or certificates alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.
Section 5. Transfer of Shares. Upon request by the registered owner of shares, and if a certificate has been issued to represent such shares upon surrender to the Corporation or a transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate for shares of Common Stock duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, subject to the Corporation's rights to purchase such shares, it shall be the duty of the Corporation, if it is satisfied that all provisions of the Articles of Incorporation, of the By-Laws and of the law regarding the transfer of shares have been duly complied with, to record the transaction upon thereto upon request for such certificate, and cancel the old certificate, if any.
Section 6. Registered Owners. The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the person registered on its books as the owner of shares to be the exclusive owner for all purposes including redemption, voting and dividends, and the Corporation shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Maryland.
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Section 7. Right of Corporation to Purchase Shares.
| (a) | The Board of Directors in its sole and absolute discretion upon presentation for transfer of any certificate evidencing Common Stock of the Corporation, may purchase for the Corporation, without prior notice, the share or shares of Common Stock represented by such certificate by paying therefor a sum in cash equal to the net asset value of such share or shares, computed in accordance with the Articles of Incorporation and these By-laws, as of the close of business of the New York Stock Exchange on the day the certificate for such share or shares is received for transfer, provided such share is received by the Corporation prior to such close of business; if such share is received by the Corporation after such close of business or on a day on which the New York Stock Exchange is not open for unrestricted trading, the net asset value shall be determined as of the close of business of said Exchange on the first business day on which said Exchange is open for unrestricted trading next succeeding such day of receipt; provided, however, that written advice to the transferor and proposed transferee of such share or shares of such purchase must be given within seven days following the date of the receipt of the certificate representing such share or shares and payment of the purchase price shall be made as soon as is reasonably practicable thereafter. |
| (b) | The Board of Directors may authorize one or more officers of the Corporation to exercise its right to purchase any Common Stock of the Corporation in specific cases or generally. |
ARTICLE VII
Net Asset Value
For the purposes of the computation of net asset value, as referred to in the Articles of Incorporation or these By-Laws, the following rules shall apply:
| (a) | The net asset value of each share of Common Stock of the Corporation for the purpose of the issue or sale of such Common Stock at its net asset value shall be determined as of the close of business of the New York Stock Exchange on the date on which the subscription for such Common Stock is accepted provided such subscription is accepted prior to such close of business; if such subscription is accepted after such close of business or if such date of acceptance is a day on which the New York Stock Exchange is not open for unrestricted trading, the net asset value shall be determined as of the close of business of said Exchange on the first business day thereafter on which subscriptions for Common Stock are accepted by the Corporation and on which said Exchange is open for unrestricted trading. |
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| (b) | The net asset value of each share of Common Stock of the Corporation surrendered to the Corporation for redemption pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation or these By-Laws shall be determined as of the close of business of the New York Stock Exchange on the date on which such Common Stock is so surrendered, provided such share is received by the Corporation prior to such close of business; if such share is received by the Corporation after such close of business or on a day on which the New York Stock Exchange is not open for unrestricted trading, the net asset value shall be determined as of the close of business of said Exchange on the first business day on which said Exchange is open for unrestricted trading next succeeding such date of receipt. |
| (c) | The net asset value of each share of Common Stock of the Corporation as of the close of business of the New York Stock Exchange on any day shall be the quotient obtained by dividing the value, at such close, of the net assets of the Corporation (i.e., the value of the assets of the Corporation less its liabilities exclusive of capital stock and surplus) by the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at such close, all determined and computed as follows: |
(1) The assets of the Corporation shall be deemed to include
(A) all cash on hand, on deposit, or on call,
(B) all bills and notes and accounts receivable,
| (C) | all shares of stock and subscription rights and other securities owned or contracted for by the Corporation, other than shares of its own Common Stock, |
| (D) | all stock and cash dividends and cash distributions to be received by the Corporation and not yet received by it but declared to stockholders of record on or before the time at which the net asset value is being determined, |
| (E) | all interest accrued on any interest bearing securities owned by the Corporation and |
| (F) | all other property of every kind and nature including prepaid expenses; the value of such assets to be determined in accordance with the valuation policies and procedures of the Corporation adopted by the Board of Directors. |
(2) The liabilities of the Corporation shall include:
| (A) | all bills and notes and accounts payable, |
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| (B) | all administrative expenses payable and/or accrued (including management and advisory fees payable and/or accrued, including in the case of any contingent feature thereof, an estimate based on the facts existing at the time), |
| (C) | all contractual obligations for the payment of money or property, including the amount of any unpaid dividend declared upon the Corporation's Common Stock and payable to stockholders of record on or before the time at which net asset value is being determined, |
| (D) | all reserves, if any, authorized or approved by the Board of Directors for taxes, including reserves for taxes at current rates based on any unrealized appreciation in the value of the assets of the Corporation and |
| (E) | all other liabilities of the Corporation of whatsoever kind and nature except liabilities represented by outstanding capital stock and surplus of the Corporation. |
(3) For the purposes hereof:
| (A) | Common Stock subscribed for shall not be deemed to be outstanding until immediately after the time as of which its net asset value is determined as provided in the Articles of Incorporation next following the acceptance of the subscription therefor and the subscription price thereof shall not be deemed to be an asset of the Corporation until such time, but immediately thereafter such capital stock shall be deemed to be outstanding and until paid the subscription price thereof shall be deemed to be an asset of the Corporation. |
| (B) | Common Stock surrendered for redemption by the Corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation or purchased by the Corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation or these By-Laws shall be deemed to be outstanding to and including the time as of which its net asset value is determined as provided in the Articles of Incorporation but not thereafter, and thereupon and until paid the redemption or purchase price thereof shall be deemed to be a liability of the Corporation. |
| (C) | Changes in the holdings of the Corporation's portfolio securities shall be accounted for on a trade date basis. |
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| (D) | Expenses, including management and advisory fees, shall be included to date of calculation. In addition to the foregoing, the Board of Directors is empowered subject to applicable legal requirements, in its absolute discretion, to establish other methods for determining the net asset value of each share of Common Stock of the Corporation and to determine other times within which not asset value shall be in effect for purposes of computing the price at which stock shall be issued, redeemed or repurchased. |
ARTICLE VIII
Miscellaneous
Section 1. Reserves. There may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or for the purchase of additional property, or for such other purpose as the Board of Directors shall think conducive to the interest of the Corporation, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve.
Section 2. Dividends . Dividends upon the Common Stock of the Corporation may, subject to the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation and of the provisions of applicable law, be declared by the Board of Directors at any time. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property or in shares of the Corporation's Common Stock, subject to the provisions of the statute and of the Articles of Incorporation and of applicable law.
Section 3. Capital Gains Distributions. The amount and number of capital gains distributions paid to the stockholders during each fiscal year shall be determined by the Board of Directors. Each such payment shall be accompanied by a statement as to the source of such payment, to the extent required by law.
Section 4. Checks. All checks or demands for money and notes of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.
Section 5. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 6. Seal. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization and the words "Corporate Seal, Maryland". The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in another manner reproduced.
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Section 7. Filing of By-Laws. A certified copy of the By-Laws, including all amendments, shall be kept at the principal office of the Corporation in the State of Maryland.
Section 8. Annual Report. The books of account of the Corporation shall be examined by an independent firm of public accountants at the close of each annual fiscal period of the Corporation and at such other times, if any, as may be directed by the Board of Directors of the Corporation. Within 120 days of the close of each annual fiscal period a report based upon such examination at the close of that fiscal period shall be mailed to each stockholder of the Corporation of record at the close of such annual fiscal period, unless the Board of Directors shall set another record date, at his address as the same appears on the books of the Corporation. Each such report shall contain such information as is required to be set forth therein by the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder. Such report shall also be submitted at the annual meeting of the stockholders and filed within twenty days thereafter at the principal office of the Corporation in the State of Maryland. In any year in which the Corporation is not required to hold an annual meeting, the report shall be placed on file at the Corporation's principal office in the State of Maryland within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year.
Section 9. Stock Ledger. The Corporation shall maintain at its principal office outside of the State of Maryland an original or duplicate stock ledger containing the names and addresses of all stockholders and the number of shares of stock held by each stockholder. Such stock ledger may be in written form or in any other form capable of being converted into written form within a reasonable time for visual inspection.
Section 10. Custodian. All securities and similar investments owned by the Corporation shall be held by a custodian which shall be either a trust company or a national bank of good standing, having a capital surplus and undivided profit aggregating not less than two million dollars ($2,000,000), or a member firm of the New York Stock Exchange. The terms of custody of such securities and cash shall include such provisions required to be contained therein by the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Upon the resignation or inability to serve of any such custodian the Corporation shall:
| (a) | use its best efforts to obtain a successor custodian, |
| (b) | require the cash and securities of the Corporation held by the custodian to be delivered directly to the successor custodian, and |
| (c) | in the event that no successor custodian can be found, submit to the stockholders of the Corporation, before permitting delivery of such cash and securities to anyone other than a successor custodian, the question whether the Corporation shall be dissolved or shall function without a custodian; provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall prevent the termination of any agreement between the Corporation and any such custodian by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of all the capital stock of the Corporation at the time outstanding and entitled to vote. |
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Upon its resignation or inability to serve and pending action by the Corporation as set forth in this section, the custodian may deliver any assets of the Corporation held by it to a qualified bank or trust company in the City of New York, or to a member firm of the New York Stock Exchange selected by it, such assets to be held subject to the terms of custody which governed such retiring custodian.
Section 11. Investment Adviser. The Corporation may enter into a management or advisory, underwriting, distribution or administration contract with any person, firm, partnership, association or corporation but such contract or contracts shall continue in effect only so long as such continuance is specifically approved annually by a majority of the Board of Directors or by vote of the holders of a majority of the voting Securities of the Corporation, and in either case by vote of a majority of the directors who are not parties to such contract or interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
ARTICLE IX
Amendments
The Board of Directors shall have the power, by a majority vote of the entire Board of Directors at any meeting thereof, to make, alter and repeal by-laws of the Corporation.
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Exhibit (d)
INVESTMENT ADVISORY CONTRACT
SEQUOIA FUND, INC.
9 West 57th Street, Suite 5000
New York, New York 10019-2701
April 17, 2017
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc.
9 West 57th Street, Suite 5000
New York, New York 10019-2701
Dear Sirs:
We herewith confirm our agreement with you as follows:
1. We are engaged in the business of investing and reinvesting our capital in securities of the type and in accordance with the limitations specified in our Certificate of Incorporation, By-Laws, Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Investment Company Act, and any representations made in our Prospectus, all in such manner and to such extent as may from time to time be authorized by our Board of Directors. We enclose copies of the documents listed above and will from time to time furnish you with amendments thereof. We will also keep you currently advised as to the make-up of our portfolio of securities.
2. (a) We hereby employ you to advise us in respect of investing and reinvesting our capital as above specified, and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, to provide management and other services specified below.
(b) You on your own motion will advise us whenever in your opinion conditions are such as to make it desirable that a specified security or group of securities be eliminated from the portfolio or added to it. You will also keep us in touch with important developments affecting our portfolio and on your own initiative will furnish us from time to time with such information as you may believe appropriate for this purpose, whether concerning the individual companies whose securities are included in our portfolio, or the industries in which they engage, or the economy generally. Similar information is to be furnished us with reference to securities which you may believe desirable for inclusion in our portfolio. You will also furnish us with such statistical information with respect to the securities which we may hold or contemplate purchasing as you may believe appropriate or as we reasonably may request. In advising us, you will bear in mind the limitations imposed by our Certificate of Incorporation and statement of policy included in our Registration Statement under the Investment Company Act and the limitations in the Internal Revenue Code in respect of regulated investment companies.
(c) It is understood that you will from time to time employ or associate with you such persons as you believe to be particularly fitted to assist you in the execution of this agreement, the compensation of such persons to be paid by you. No obligation may be incurred on our behalf in any such respect. During the continuance of this agreement you will provide persons satisfactory to our Board of Directors to serve as officers and employees of our corporation, if elected or appointed as the case may be. These shall be a president, a secretary, a treasurer, and such additional officers and employees as may reasonably be necessary for the conduct of our business. You or your affiliates (other than us) shall pay the entire salaries and wages of all of our officers, directors, and employees who are interested persons of you or your affiliates (other than by reason of being our directors, officers or employees), and the salaries of such persons shall not be deemed to be expenses incurred by us for purposes of paragraph 3 hereof.
3. It is further agreed that you or your affiliates shall be responsible for the following expenses incurred by us during each year or portion thereof that this agreement is in effect between us: (i) the compensation of any of our directors, officers and employees who are interested persons of you or your affiliates (other than by reason of being our directors, officers or employees), (ii) fees and expenses of registering our shares under the appropriate Federal securities laws and of qualifying our shares under applicable State Blue Sky laws, including expenses attendant upon renewing and increasing such registrations and qualifications, and (iii) expenses of printing and distributing our prospectus and sales and advertising materials. We shall be responsible and hereby assume the obligation for payment of all our other expenses, including (a) brokerage and commission expenses, (b) Federal, State or local taxes, including issue and transfer taxes, incurred by or levied on us, (c) interest charges on borrowings, (d) compensation of any of our directors, officers or employees who are not interested persons of you or your affiliates (other than by reason of being our directors, officers or employees), (e) charges and expenses of our custodian, transfer agent and registrar, (f) costs of proxy solicitations, (g) legal and auditing expenses and (h) payment of all investment and advisory fees (including the fees payable to you hereunder). However, you shall reimburse us for the excess, if any, in any year of our operating expenses over 1 1/2% of our average daily net asset values up to a maximum of $30,000,000, plus 1% of our average daily net asset values in excess of $30,000,000. Such operating expenses will not include expenses listed in clauses (a), (b) and (c). Computations under this expense limitation shall be made monthly during our fiscal year, on the basis of the average daily net asset values and operating expenses thus far during such year, and the amount of the excess, if any, over the prorated amount of the expense limitation shall be paid by you to us (or, where such amount of the excess is less than the monthly payment by us to you of the management fee set forth below, shall be deducted from such monthly payment of the management fee), after taking into account, however, any previous monthly payments under the operating expense limitation during such fiscal year. This operating expense limitation will be prorated for the portion of the fiscal year from April 17, 2017 through December 31, 2017.
4. We shall expect of you, and you will give us the benefit of, your best judgment and efforts in rendering these services to us, and we agree as an inducement to your undertaking these services that you shall not be liable hereunder for any mistake of judgment or in any event whatsoever, except for lack of good faith, provided that nothing herein shall be deemed to protect, or purport to protect, you against any liability to us or to our security holders to which you would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of your duties hereunder or by reason of your reckless disregard of your obligations and duties hereunder.
5. In consideration of the foregoing we will pay you, for each year or portion of a year during which this agreement is effective between us, a management fee of 1.00% per annum of our average daily net asset values. The management fee will be accrued daily and paid to you at the end of each month of our fiscal year.
6. This agreement shall become effective on April 17, 2017, and shall continue in force until December 31, 2018 and thereafter for successive twelve-month periods (computed from each January 1) provided that such continuance is specifically approved annually by vote of a majority of our outstanding voting securities (as defined in the Investment Company Act) or by our Board of Directors; and by a majority of our directors who are not parties to this agreement or interested persons, as defined in the Investment Company Act, of any such party (other than as directors of our corporation) cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. This agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of our outstanding voting securities (as so defined), or by a vote of a majority of our entire Board of Directors on sixty days’ written notice to you, or by you on sixty days’ written notice to us.
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7. This agreement may not be transferred, assigned, sold or in any manner hypothecated or pledged by you and this agreement shall terminate automatically in the event of its assignment. The terms “transfer”, “assignment” and “sale” as used in this paragraph shall have the meanings ascribed thereto by governing law and any interpretation thereof contained in rules or regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder.
8. Except to the extent necessary to perform your obligations hereunder, nothing herein shall be deemed to limit or restrict your right, or the right of any of your officers, directors or employees who may also be a director, officer or employee of ours, or persons otherwise affiliated with us (within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940) to engage in any other business or to devote time and attention to the management or other aspects of any other business, whether of a similar or dissimilar nature, or to render services of any kind to any other corporation, firm, individual or association. It is understood that you and your affiliates may render similar investment advisory services to clients other than us for compensation which may be more or less than the compensation charged to us for such services.
9. It is understood that, whether or not we follow the investment advice and recommendations given by you to us thereunder, the provisions contained herein concerning your compensation hereunder shall be binding on you and us. If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, will you kindly so indicate by signing and returning to us the enclosed copy hereof.
Very truly yours,
SEQUOIA FUND, INC.
By: /s/ David M. Poppe
David M. Poppe
President and CEO
Accepted By:
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc.
By: /s/ Wendy Goodrich
Wendy Goodrich
Executive Vice President
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Exhibit (e)
Sequoia Fund, Inc.
9 West 57th Street, Suite 5000
New York, New York 10019-2701
April 17, 2017
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb LLC
9 West 57th Street, Suite 5000
New York, New York 10019-2701
RE: Distribution Agreement
This is to confirm that, in consideration of the agreements on your part herein contained and on the terms and conditions set forth herein, we have agreed that you shall be, for the period of this agreement, the exclusive distributor, as our agent, for the unsold portion of such number of shares of our Common Stock (par value $.10 per share) as may from time to time be effectively registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (hereinafter referred to as the “Act”).
1. We hereby agree to offer through you as our agent, and to solicit through you as our agent, offers to subscribe to, the unsold balance of shares of our Common Stock as shall then be effectively registered under the Act, and you are appointed our agent for such purpose.
All subscriptions for our shares obtained by you shall be directed to us for acceptance and shall not be binding on us until accepted by us. You shall have no authority to make binding subscriptions on our behalf. We reserve the right to sell our shares directly to investors, whether or not such sales shall have been solicited by us.
The right given to you under this agreement shall not apply to shares issued in connection with:
| (a) | the merger or consolidation of any other investment company with us, |
| (b) | our acquisition by purchase or otherwise of all or substantially all of the assets or stock of any other investment company, or |
| (c) | the reinvestment in our shares by our stockholders of dividends or other distributions or any other offering of shares to our stockholders. |
2. You will use your best efforts to obtain subscriptions to our shares upon the terms and conditions contained herein and in the then current Prospectus, including the offering price. You will send to us promptly all subscriptions placed with you.
We shall advise you of the net asset value per share as of the close of business of the New York Stock Exchange on the last day of each month and at such other times as it shall have been determined by us.
We shall furnish you from time to time, for use in connection with the offering of our shares, such other information with respect to us and our shares as you may reasonably request.
We shall supply you with such copies of our current Prospectus in effect from time to time as you may request.
You are not authorized to give any information or to make any representations, other than those contained in the Registration Statement or Prospectus, as then in effect, filed under the Act covering our shares or which we may authorize in writing.
You may use employees and agents at your cost and expense to assist you in carrying out your obligations hereunder but no such employee or agent shall be deemed to be our agent or have any rights under this agreement.
3. We reserve the right to suspend the offering of our shares at any time, in the absolute discretion of our Board of Directors, and upon notice of such suspension you shall cease to offer our shares hereunder.
4. Both of us will cooperate with each other in taking such action as may be necessary to qualify our shares for sale under the securities laws of such states as we may designate, provided that, unless required by law, regulation or other authority, you shall not be required to register as a broker-dealer or file a consent to service of process in any such state. Pursuant to our Investment Advisory Contract, Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc., our investment adviser, or its affiliates shall pay all expenses of the qualification of our shares and our qualification under such laws and all expenses of registration of our shares under the Act. In connection therewith, you shall pay the fees and expenses of qualifying our shares under applicable State Blue Sky laws, including expenses attendant upon renewing and increasing such qualifications. You shall also pay all expenses relating to your broker-dealer qualification.
5. We represent to you that our Registration Statement and Prospectus (as in effect from time to time) under the Act have been or will be, as the case may be, carefully prepared in conformity with the requirements of the Act and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) thereunder.
We represent and warrant to you that our Registration Statement and Prospectus contain or will contain all statements required to be stated therein in accordance with the Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC, and that all statements of fact contained or to be contained therein are or will be true and correct at the time indicated or the effective date as the case may be; that neither our Registration Statement nor our Prospectus, when it shall become effective or be authorized for use, will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading to a purchaser of our shares.
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We will from time to time file such amendment or amendments to our Registration Statement and Prospectus as, in the light of future developments, shall, in the opinion of our counsel, be necessary in order to have our Registration Statement and Prospectus at all times contain all material facts required to be stated therein or necessary to make any statements therein not misleading to a purchaser of our shares, but, if we shall not file such amendment or amendments within fifteen days after receipt by us of a written request from you to do so, you may, at your option, terminate this agreement immediately.
We shall not file any amendment to our Registration Statement or Prospectus without giving you reasonable notice thereof in advance; provided, however, that nothing in this agreement contained shall in any way limit our right to file at any time such amendments to our Registration Statement and/or Prospectus, of whatever character, as we may deem advisable, such right being in all respects absolute and unconditional.
We represent and warrant to you that any amendment to our Registration Statement or Prospectus hereafter filed by us will, when it becomes effective, contain all statements required to be stated therein in accordance with the Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC, that all statements of fact contained therein will, when the same shall become effective, be true and correct and that no such amendment, when it becomes effective, will include an untrue statement of a material fact or will omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading to a purchaser of our shares.
6. We agree to indemnify, defend and hold you, and any person who controls you within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act, free and harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, liabilities and expenses (including the cost of investigating or defending such claims, demands or liabilities and any counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) which you or any such controlling person may incur, under the Act, or under common law or otherwise, arising out of or based upon any alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in our Registration Statement or Prospectus in effect from time to time under the Act or arising out of or based upon any alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated in either thereof or necessary to make the statements in either thereof not misleading; provided, however, that in no event shall anything herein contained be so construed as to protect you against any liability to us or our security holders to which you would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence, in the performance of your duties, or by reason of your reckless disregard of your obligations and duties under this agreement.
Our agreement to indemnify you and any such controlling person as aforesaid is expressly conditioned upon our being notified of any action brought against you or any such controlling person, such notification to be given by letter or by telegram addressed to us at our principal office in New York, N.Y., and sent to us by the person against whom such action is brought, within ten days after the summons or other first legal process shall have been served. The failure so to notify us of any such action shall not relieve us from any liability which we may have to the person against whom such action is brought by reason of any such alleged untrue statement or omission otherwise than on account of our indemnity agreement contained in this paragraph 6.
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We will be entitled to assume the defense of any suit brought to enforce any such claim, demand or liability, but, in such case, such defense shall be conducted by counsel of good standing chosen by us and approved by you. In the event we do elect to assume the defense of any such suit and retain counsel of good standing approved by you, the defendant or defendants in such suit shall bear the fees and expenses of any additional counsel retained by any of them; but in case we do not elect to assume the defense of any such suit, or in case you do not approve of counsel chosen by us, we will reimburse you or the controlling person or persons named as defendant or defendants in such suit, for the reasonable fees and expenses of any counsel retained by you or them.
Our indemnification agreement contained in this paragraph numbered 6 and our representations and warranties in this agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of you or any controlling person and shall survive the sale of any of our shares made pursuant to subscriptions obtained by you. This agreement of indemnity will inure exclusively to your benefit, to the benefit of your successors and assigns, and to the benefit of any controlling persons and their successors and assigns.
We agree promptly to notify you of the commencement of any litigation or proceedings against us in connection with the issue and sale of any of our common stock.
7. You agree to indemnify, defend and hold us, our several officers and directors, and any person who controls us within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act, free and harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, liabilities and expenses (including the cost of investigating or defending such claims, demands or liabilities and any counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) which we, our officers or directors, or any such controlling person may incur under the Act or under common law or otherwise, but only to the extent that such liability or expense incurred by us, our officers or directors or such controlling person resulting from such claims or demands shall arise out of or be based upon any alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in information furnished in writing by you to us for use in our Registration Statement or Prospectus in effect from time to time under the Act, or shall arise out of or be based upon any alleged omission to state a material fact in connection with such information required to be stated in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or necessary to make such information not misleading.
Your agreement to indemnify us, our officers and directors, and any such controlling person as aforesaid is expressly conditioned upon your being notified of any action brought against us, our officers or directors or any such controlling person, such notification to be given by letter or telegram addressed to you at your principal office in New York, New York, and sent to you by the person against whom such action is brought, within ten days after the summons or other first legal process shall have been served.
You shall have a right to control the defense of such action, with counsel of your own choosing, satisfactory to us, if such action is based solely upon such alleged misstatement or omission on your part, and in any other event you or such controlling person shall each have the right to participate in the defense or preparation of the defense of any such action.
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The failure so to notify you of any such action shall not relieve you from any liability which you may have to us, our officers or directors, or to such controlling person by reason of any such untrue statement of omission on your part otherwise than on account of your indemnity agreement contained in this paragraph 7.
8. We agree to advise you immediately:
| (a) | of any request by the SEC for amendments to our Registration Statement or Prospectus or for additional information, |
| (b) | in the event of the issuance by the SEC of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of our Registration Statement or Prospectus or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose, |
| (c) | of the happening of any material event which makes untrue any statement made in our Registration Statement or Prospectus or which requires the making of a change in either thereof in order to make the statements therein not misleading, and |
| (d) | of all action of the SEC with respect to any amendments to our Registration Statement or Prospectus which may from time to time be filed with the SEC under the Act. |
9. This agreement shall become effective on April 17, 2017, and shall remain in effect until December 31, 2018, and thereafter automatically for successive twelve-month periods (computed from each January 1), provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by our Board of Directors, including a majority of our directors who are not parties to this agreement or interested persons of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, or by vote of a majority of our outstanding voting securities.
This agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of outstanding voting securities, or by a vote of a majority of our entire Board of Directors, on sixty days’ written notice to you, or by you on sixty days’ written notice to us.
10. This agreement may not be transferred, assigned, sold or in any manner hypothecated or pledged by you and this agreement shall terminate automatically in the event of any such transfer, assignment, sale, hypothecation or pledge. The terms “transfer,” “assignment” and “sale” as used in this paragraph shall have the meanings ascribed thereto by governing law and any interpretation thereof contained in rules or regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder.
11. Except to the extent necessary to perform your obligations hereunder, nothing herein shall be deemed to limit or restrict your right, or the right of any of your officers, directors or employees who may also be a director, officer or employee of ours, or persons otherwise affiliated with us (within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940), to engage in any other business or to devote time and attention to the management or other aspects of any other business, whether of a similar or dissimilar nature, or to render services of any kind to any other corporation, firm, individual or association.
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If you accept the terms of this Distribution Agreement, please sign and return the enclosed copy.
Very truly yours,
SEQUOIA FUND, INC.
By:
/s/ David M. Poppe
David M. Poppe
President and CEO
ACCEPTED:
April 17, 2017
RUANE, CUNNIFF & GOLDFARB LLC
By:
/s/ Wendy Goodrich
Wendy Goodrich
Executive Vice President
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Exhibit (i)
SEWARD & KISSEL LLP
901 K Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001
Telephone: (202) 737-8833
Facsimile: (202) 737-5184
April 28, 2017
Sequoia Fund, Inc.
9 West 57 th Street, Suite 5000
New York, New York 10019-2701
Dear Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to Sequoia Fund, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the registration of an indefinite number of shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $.10 per share (the “Shares”), under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”). The Company is registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
As counsel to the Company, we have participated in the preparation of the Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A relating to the Shares (File Nos. 2-35566 and 811-01976) (as so amended, the “Registration Statement”). We have examined the Charter and By-Laws of the Company and have examined and relied upon such corporate records of the Company and such other documents as we have deemed to be necessary to render the opinion expressed herein.
Based on such examination, we are of the opinion that the Shares to be offered for sale pursuant to the Registration Statement are, to the extent of the number of Shares authorized to be issued by the Company in its Charter, duly authorized and, when sold, issued and paid for as contemplated by the Registration Statement, will have been validly issued and will be fully paid and nonassessable under the laws of the State of Maryland.
We do not express an opinion with respect to any laws other than the laws of Maryland applicable to the authorization, valid issuance and nonassessability of shares of common stock of corporations formed pursuant to the provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law. Accordingly, our opinion does not extend to, among other laws, the federal securities laws or the securities or “blue sky” laws of Maryland or any other jurisdiction. Members of this firm are admitted to the bars of the State of New York and the District of Columbia.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm in the Statement of Additional Information included therein.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Seward & Kissel LLP
Exhibit (j)
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors
Sequoia Fund, Inc.:
We consent to the use of our report dated February 24, 2017, with respect to the statement of assets and liabilities, including the schedule of investments, of Sequoia Fund, Inc. as of December 31, 2016, and the related statement of operations for the year then ended, the statements of changes in net assets and the financial highlights for each of the years in the two-year period then ended, incorporated herein by reference and to the references to our firm under the headings “Financial Highlights” in the Prospectus and “Custodian, Registrar and Shareholder Servicing Agent, Counsel and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” and “Financial Statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’ in the Statement of Additional Information.
/s/ KPMG LLP
New York, New York
April 26, 2017
Exhibit (p)(1)
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc.,
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb LLC and
Sequoia Fund, Inc.
Code of Ethics
(Amended and Restated as of September 12, 2016)
| 1. | Introduction |
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc. (the “Adviser”), the Sequoia Fund, Inc. (the “Fund”) and Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb LLC, the Fund’s distributor (the “Distributor”), believe that adherence to the highest ethical standards is essential to maintaining the continuing confidence of its clients. Therefore, the Adviser, the Fund and the Distributor adopt the following Code of Ethics (the “Code”) and Policies for Preventing Insider Trading (the “Insider Trading Policy”) to establish procedures designed to address potential conflicts of interest resulting from the personal securities trading of employees, officers and directors of the Adviser, the Fund (except for those non-employee directors of the Fund (“Independent Directors”) who are covered by a separate Code of Ethics), and the Distributor (collectively, “Covered Persons”).
| 2. | Definitions |
The following definitions of underlined terms apply for purposes of the Code and the Insider Trading Policy in addition to the definitions contained elsewhere herein.
| (a) | “ Advisers Act ” means the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. |
| (b) | “ Beneficial Ownership ” means ownership by any person who has or shares a direct or indirect financial interest in a Covered Security. Beneficial Ownership shall be interpreted in the same manner as defined in Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”). |
| (c) | “ Client ” means any person or entity (i) for which the Adviser provides advisory services and (ii) for which the Adviser receives an advisory fee or, in certain limited circumstances, for which the Adviser does not receive an advisory fee. |
| (d) | “ Company Act ” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. |
| (e) | “ Covered Security ” means the instruments commonly known as securities (as defined in Section 2(a)(36) of the Company Act) and includes any derivative of a security, commodities, options or forward contracts, but does not include shares of open-end investment companies registered under the Company Act (other than shares of exchange-traded funds and shares of mutual funds for which the Adviser acts as an investment adviser or the Distributor acts as principal underwriter), direct obligations of the Government of the United States, bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and high quality short term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements. |
| (f) | “ Designated Supervisory Person ” refers to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser, the Fund, and the Distributor. |
| (g) | “ Fund ” means Sequoia Fund, Inc. |
| (h) | “ Head of Trading ” refers to the current head of trading of the Adviser or, if not applicable, such other properly registered trader(s) designated by management of the Adviser. “Trading Department” refers to Head of Trading and any qualified and properly registered trader. |
| (i) | “ Initial Public Offering ” or “ IPO ” means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “1933 Act”), the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of the 1934 Act. |
| (j) | “ Insider Trading Policy ” means the “Policies for Preventing and Detecting Insider Trading” adopted by the Adviser and the Distributor. |
| (k) | “ Limited Offering ” means an offering that is exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. This includes private placements of interests of private funds (i.e., hedge funds). |
| (l) | “ Personal Account ” means an account in which a Covered Person has any Beneficial Ownership . The Covered Person’s Personal Accounts include accounts of: |
| (i) | the Covered Person’s spouse (other than a legally separated or divorced spouse) and minor children; |
| (ii) | any immediate family member who lives in the Covered Person’s household, including stepchildren, grandchildren, parents, stepparents, grandparents, brothers, sisters, parents-in-law, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law and adoptive relationships; |
| (iii) | any persons to whom the Covered Person provides primary financial support and either (A) whose financial affairs the Covered Person controls or (B) for whom the Covered Person provides discretionary advisory services; and |
| (iv) | any partnership, corporation or other entity of which the Covered Person has a 25% or greater interest or exercises effective control. |
Notwithstanding the above, for purposes of the Code, accounts of the “Acacia” and “Wishbone” private funds, including any such funds established in the future and excluding any personal-related funds, will be treated as Client Accounts and not as “ Personal Accounts ”.
| (m) | “ Purchase ” or “ sale ” of a Covered Security includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a Covered Security . |
| (n) | A Covered Security is “ Under Active Consideration ” for purchase or sale when it is subject to active analytical review in anticipation of developing or refining an investment opinion or it may be a candidate to be purchased or sold, in each case of the foregoing, at the current market price (or at a price within 5% of the market price as determined by the Trading Department ) on behalf of a Client . |
| 3. | Objectives of the Code |
| (a) | The Code is designed to ensure that the personal securities transactions of Covered Persons are conducted in accordance with the following standards: |
| (i) | A duty at all times to place first the interests of Clients ; |
| (ii) | The requirement that all personal securities transactions be conducted consistent with the Code and in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an individual’s responsibility and position of trust; |
| (iii) | The fundamental standard that Covered Persons not take inappropriate advantage of their positions; and |
| (iv) | The fundamental standard that all Covered Persons must comply with the federal securities laws. |
| (b) | Prohibited Conduct. Even if a transaction is otherwise permitted by the Code, all Covered Persons are prohibited from: |
| (i) | acting in any manner to defraud any Client ; |
| (ii) | making to any Client , to the Trading Department or to the Designated Supervisory Person any untrue statement of a material fact or omitting to state to such person a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading; |
| (iii) | engaging in any act, practice or course of business which does or could defraud or deceive any Client ; |
| (iv) | engaging in any manipulative practice with respect to any Client ; or |
| (v) | revealing to any other person (except in the normal course of his or her duties on behalf of a Client ) any information regarding securities transactions by any Client or the consideration by any Client or the Adviser of any such securities transactions. |
| 4. | Personal Trading and Other Restrictions and Procedures |
| (a) | Transactions in Covered Securities must be effected in accordance with the following provisions: |
| (i) | Preclearance of Personal Securities Transactions . |
| (A) | Unless exempt pursuant to Section 5 below, ALL personal transactions of a Covered Person in Covered Securities (including those that are available through an IPO or Limited Offering ) must be pre-cleared. A member of the Trading Department (assuming that he has no personal interest in the subject transaction, if so, then the Designated Supervisory Person or any qualified and properly registered trader) may approve the transaction if he concludes that the transaction is not likely to have any adverse economic impact on a Client . A preclearance request is made by completing the “Preclearance Request,” a copy of which is attached as Exhibit B, or by e-mailing the request to the Trading Department (Trading@ruanecunniff.com) . |
NOTE: Personal securities transactions of a Covered Person involving the acquisition of the Beneficial Ownership of any security (not just a Covered Security ) offered through an IPO or Limited Offering must be pre-cleared in the same manner as a Covered Security through the Trading Department or the Designated Supervisory Person .
| (B) | A preclearance request will not be approved if there is a “pending buy or sell order” for the Covered Security for any Client or if the Covered Security is Under Active Consideration for purchase or sale on behalf of a Client . A “pending buy or sell order” means an order specifying that it must be executed at the “market price” or at a price within 5% of the market price at the time of the request. |
| (C) | A Covered Person submitting a preclearance request by e-mail shall be notified by e-mail if the request is rejected. The email shall include an explanation for the rejection of the request. |
| (ii) | Commingling of Covered Person Trades with Client Trades. Orders for Clients and Covered Persons for Covered Securities may not be commingled unless the Trading Department has determined that commingling would not disadvantage any Client. |
| (iii) | Board Service . Covered Persons who serve on the board of a publicly traded company or who have a material business relationship involving the issuer of a Covered Security Under Active Consideration must (in addition to complying with the requirements of Section 4(c) below) disclose such board service or business relationship to the Trading Department before recommending the purchase or sale of an affected Covered Security . |
| (b) | Personal transactions involving shares of the Fund are subject to the preclearance requirements in Section 4(a)(i) of the Code. |
| (c) | Outside Business Activities (Including Service as an Officer or Director of a Company). Any outside business activity of a Covered Person , including service as an officer of any company or director (or similar position) on the board of any company or as a member of a creditors committee of any company, must be approved by the Designated Supervisory Person . An Approval Form for Outside Business Activities is attached as Exhibit C . |
| 5. | Exempted Transactions |
| (a) | Except with respect to transactions involving securities offered in an IPO or Limited Offering , the requirements of Section 4(a)(i) of the Code do not apply to: |
| (i) | transactions in Covered Securities over which the Covered Person has no influence or control (e.g., transactions effected for a blind trust in which the Covered Person is a beneficiary, but over which the Covered Person has no influence or control) or that are effected pursuant to an automatic reinvestment plan, such as a dividend reinvestment plan; |
| (ii) | purchases effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of the issuer’s securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired; and |
| (iii) | purchases or sales of securities issued by local governmental subdivisions such as cities, towns, villages, counties or special districts, as well as securities issued by states and political subdivisions or agencies of states (commonly referred to as “municipal securities”). |
| (b) | Shareholders of the Adviser and Members of the Distributor . A shareholder of the Adviser or a member of the Distributor who is not an employee, officer or director of the Adviser or a member, officer or manager of the Distributor, shall not be subject to the provisions of this Code unless the shareholder owns 25% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the Adviser or the Distributor, as appropriate. |
| 6. | Reporting |
| (a) | Personal Accounts to be maintained at Clearing Broker of Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb LLC . Personal Accounts should be maintained at the clearing broker of Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb LLC (“Clearing Broker”). Clearing Broker will provide monthly reports to the Adviser regarding Covered Person trading. Each Covered Person who maintains a Personal Account at a broker other than Clearing Broker must receive approval for such account from the Designated Supervisory Person and must direct the broker to submit to the Designated Supervisory Person a duplicate copy of the confirmation of each personal transaction in Covered Securities in such Personal Account and a copy of the Covered Person’s monthly or quarterly statements for the account. All such statements must be received by the Adviser, the Distributor or the Fund, as applicable, within 30 days after the close of the month or quarter covered by such statement and must contain (i) the date of any transaction, the title, and as applicable, the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of shares and the principal amount of each Covered Security involved, (ii) the nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition), and (iii) the price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was effected. |
| (b) | Statement of Security Ownership . Covered Persons must, within ten (10) days of commencement of employment with the Adviser, the Distributor or the Fund, and annually thereafter, submit a statement or other equivalent report to the Designated Supervisory Person listing (i) the title and type, as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares and principal amount of Covered Securities in which the Covered Person has any Beneficial Ownership , (ii) business activities in which the Covered Person has a significant role (including any service as an officer or director of a private or publicly traded company) and (iii) the names of the brokerage firms or banks where the Covered Person maintains a securities account and the date the account was established. The statement must be current as of a date no more than 30 days before the statement is submitted. Statements under this Section shall carry the date when submitted to the Designated Supervisory Person . Each Covered Person must submit initial and annual statements or equivalent reports even if the Covered Person has no holdings to list in the statements or reports. |
| (c) | Annual Certification of Code . Each Covered Person must certify annually that he or she has read and understands the Code and the Insider Trading Policy, recognizes that he or she is subject thereto and has complied with their provisions and disclosed holdings and reported all personal securities transactions required to be disclosed or reported thereunder even if the Covered Person had no holdings to disclose or transactions to report during the period. A form of certification is attached as Exhibit A . Such certificates and reports are to be given to the Designated Supervisory Person . |
| (d) | Confidentiality of Reports . All reports furnished pursuant to this Section will be kept confidential, subject to the rights of inspection by the Designated Supervisory Person , the Securities and Exchange Commission, FINRA or other regulatory bodies and by other third parties pursuant to applicable law. |
| (e) | Acknowledgement of Receipt . The Designated Supervisory Person is responsible for providing each Covered Person with a copy of this Code and any amendments thereto. Each Covered Person is responsible for providing the Designated Supervisory Person with a written acknowledgement of receipt of the Code and any amendments thereto. The Designated Supervisory Person is responsible for ensuring that all such written acknowledgements are received. |
POLICIES FOR PREVENTING AND DETECTING INSIDER TRADING
SECTION I. Insider Trading Policy
A. Introduction
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc. and Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb LLC (each, a “Firm” and together, the “Firms”) seek to foster a reputation for integrity and professionalism. To further that goal, this Insider Trading Policy implements procedures to deter the misuse of material, nonpublic information in securities transactions.
Trading securities while in possession of material, nonpublic information or improperly communicating that information to others may expose you to stringent penalties. Criminal sanctions may include a fine of up to $5,000,000 for individuals and $25,000,000 for corporate entities and/or twenty years imprisonment for individuals. Finally, you may be sued by investors seeking to recover damages for insider trading violations.
The Firms view seriously any violation of this Insider Trading Policy. Violations may constitute grounds for disciplinary sanctions, including dismissal.
B. Scope of the Insider Trading Policy
This Insider Trading policy will be applied and interpreted broadly. This Insider Trading policy applies to securities trading and information handling by directors, managers, officers and employees of the Firms including family members, and extends to activities within and outside their duties at the Firms.
The law of insider trading is unsettled; an individual legitimately may be uncertain about the application of the Insider Trading policy in a particular circumstance. Often, asking a single question can clarify application of this policy and applicable law, potentially preventing disciplinary action or complex legal problems. You should direct any questions relating to the Insider Trading policy to the Designated Supervisory Person. You also must notify the Designated Supervisory Person immediately if you have any reason to believe that a violation of the Insider Trading policy has occurred or is about to occur.
C. Insider Trading Policy
The Firms forbid any officer, director, manager or employee from trading, either personally or on behalf of others, including accounts managed by the Adviser, on material nonpublic information or communicating material nonpublic information to others in violation of the law. This conduct is frequently referred to as “insider trading.” Every officer, director, manager and employee must read and retain this Insider Trading Policy. Any questions regarding the Firms’ policy and procedures should be referred to the Designated Supervisory Person.
The term “insider trading” is not defined in the federal securities laws, but generally is used to refer to the use of material nonpublic information to trade in securities (whether or not one is an “insider”) or to communications of material nonpublic information to others.
While the law concerning insider trading is not static, it is generally understood that the law prohibits:
| a. | trading by an insider, while in possession of material nonpublic information, or |
| b. | trading by a non-insider, while in possession of material nonpublic information, where the information either was disclosed to the non-insider in violation of an insider’s duty to keep it confidential or was misappropriated, or |
| c. | communicating material nonpublic information to others. |
The elements of insider trading and the penalties for such unlawful conduct are discussed below. If, after reviewing this Policy Statement, you have any questions you should consult the Designated Supervisory Person.
D. Who is an Insider?
The concept of “insider” is broad. It includes officers, directors, managers and employees of a company. In addition, a person can be a “temporary insider” if he or she enters into a special confidential relationship in the conduct of a company’s affairs and as a result is given access to information solely for the company’s purposes. A temporary insider can include, among others, a company’s attorneys, accountants, consultants, bank lending officers, members of a creditors committee and the employees of such organizations. In addition, the Adviser or the Distributor may become a temporary insider of a company it advises or for which it performs other services. According to the U.S. Supreme Court, the company must expect the outsider to keep the disclosed nonpublic information confidential and the relationship must at least imply such a duty before the outsider will be considered an insider.
| E. | What is Material Information? |
Trading on nonpublic information is not a basis for liability unless the information is material. “Material information” generally is defined as information for which there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in making his or her investment decisions, or if it is reasonably certain to have a substantial effect on the price of a company’s securities. Information that supervised persons (e.g., officers, directors, managers and employees) should consider material includes, but is not limited to: dividend changes, earnings estimates, changes in previously released earnings estimates, significant merger or acquisition proposals or agreements, major litigation, liquidation problems, information concerning a proposed private offering (private investment in public equity or “PIPE”) and extraordinary management developments.
Material information does not have to relate to a company’s business, but may also relate to the market for a company’s securities. For example, in Carpenter v. U.S. , 108 U.S. 316 (1987), the Supreme Court considered as material certain information about the contents of a forthcoming newspaper column that was expected to affect the market price of a security. In that case, a Wall Street Journal reporter was found criminally liable for disclosing to others the dates that reports on various companies would appear in the Journal and whether those reports would be favorable or not.
No simple “bright line” test exists to determine when information is material; assessments of materiality involve a highly fact-specific inquiry. For this reason, you should direct any questions about whether information is material to the Designated Supervisory Person.
| F. | What is Nonpublic Information? |
Information is nonpublic until it has been effectively communicated to the market place. One must be able to point to some fact to show that the information is generally public. For example, information found on the Internet, in a report filed with the SEC, or appearing in Dow Jones, Reuters Economic Services , The Wall Street Journal or other publications of general circulation would be considered public.
| G. | Contacts with Public Companies, Use of Expert Networks and Other Circumstances. |
(a) For the Firms, contacts with public companies represent an important part of our research efforts and other services. For example, the Adviser may make investment decisions on the basis of the Adviser’s conclusions formed through such contacts and analysis of publicly-available information. Difficult legal issues arise, however, when, in the course of these contacts, a Firm’s employee or other person subject to this Insider Trading Policy becomes aware of material, nonpublic information. This could happen, for example, if a Firm employee serves as a director on the board of a publicly traded company, if a company’s Chief Financial Officer prematurely discloses quarterly results to an analyst or if an investor relations representative makes a selective disclosure of adverse news to a handful of investors. In such situations, that Firm must make a judgment as to its further conduct. To protect yourself, our clients and the Firms, you should contact the Designated Supervisory Person immediately and before trading in the securities of a company on whose board you serve, if you believe that you may have received material, nonpublic information.
(b) The Adviser’s use of expert networks, matching services or other industry consultants to obtain research, analysis or other data about issuers could raise the specter of access to material, non-public information. Personnel at these “expert networks” may have a confidential or other relationship with the issuer, as discussed above in Section D.
(c) Material, nonpublic information may be obtained in a variety of other situations (i.e., other than those identified in (a) and (b) above and Section G below). For example, a person might inadvertently obtain material, nonpublic information through:
| • | participation in industry meetings; |
| • | interaction with third-party service providers such as legal, banking, brokerage, administrative and printing firms; |
| • | family or personal relationships with insiders or others in the financial services industry; |
| • | participation on creditor committees; |
| • | brokerage relationships providing invitations and access to “PIPE” transactions; |
| • | the ownership of debt and equity securities of the same issuer; |
| • | interactions with clients (including private fund investors) who are corporate insiders; or |
| • | interaction with other persons in the financial services industry. |
| H. | Tender Offers. |
Tender offers represent a particular concern in the law of insider trading for two reasons. First, tender offer activity often produces extraordinary gyrations in the price of the target company’s securities. Trading during this time period is more likely to attract regulatory attention (and produces a disproportionate percentage of insider trading cases). Second, the SEC has adopted a rule which expressly forbids trading and “tipping” while in possession of material, nonpublic information regarding a tender offer received from the tender offeror, the target company or anyone acting on behalf of either. The employees of the Firms and others subject to this Insider Trading Policy should exercise special caution any time they become aware of nonpublic information relating to a tender offer.
| I. | Bases for Liability |
| i. | Fiduciary Duty Theory |
In 1980, the Supreme Court found that there is no general duty to disclose before trading on material nonpublic information, but that such a duty arises only where there is a fiduciary relationship. That is, there must be a relationship between the parties to the transaction such that one party has a right to expect that the other party will disclose any material nonpublic information or refrain from trading. Chiarella v. U.S. , 445 U.S. 22 (1980).
In Dirks v. SEC , 463 U.S. 646 (1983), the Supreme Court stated alternate theories under which non-insiders can acquire the fiduciary duties of insiders: they can enter into a confidential relationship with the company through which they gain information (e.g., attorneys, accountants), or they can acquire a fiduciary duty to the company’s shareholders as “tippees” if they are aware or should have been aware that they have been given confidential information by an insider who has violated his fiduciary duty to the company’s shareholders.
However, in the “tippee” situation, a breach of duty occurs only if the insider personally benefits, directly or indirectly, from the disclosure. The benefit does not have to be pecuniary, but can be a gift, a reputational benefit that will translate into future earnings, or even evidence of a relationship that suggests a quid pro quo.
| ii. | Misappropriation Theory |
Another basis for insider trading liability is the “misappropriation” theory, where liability is established when trading occurs on material nonpublic information that was stolen or misappropriated from any other person. In U.S. v. Carpenter , supra , the Court found, in 1987, a columnist defrauded The Wall Street Journal when he stole information from the Journal and used it for trading in the securities markets. It should be noted that the misappropriation theory can be used to reach a variety of individuals not previously thought to be encompassed under the fiduciary duty theory.
| J. | Penalties for Insider Trading |
Penalties for trading on or communicating material nonpublic information are severe, both for individuals involved in such unlawful conduct and their employers. A person can be subject to some or all of the penalties below even if he or she does not personally benefit from the violation. Penalties include:
| – | civil injunctions |
| – | treble damages |
| – | disgorgement of profits |
| – | jail sentences |
| – | fines for the person who committed the violation of up to three time the profit gains or loss avoided, whether or not the person actually benefited, and |
| – | fines for the employer or other controlling person of up to the greater of $1,000,000 or three times the amount of the profit gains or loss avoided. |
In addition, any violation of this Insider Trading Policy can be expected to result in serious sanctions by the Firms, including dismissal of the persons involved.
| SECTION II. | PROCEDURES TO IMPLEMENT THE POLICY OF THE FIRMS |
The following procedures have been established to aid the officers, directors, managers and employees (i.e., supervised persons) of the Firms in avoiding insider trading, and to aid the Firms in preventing, detecting and imposing sanctions against insider trading. Every officer, director, manager and employee (i.e., supervised persons) of the Firms must follow these procedures or risk serious sanctions, including dismissal, substantial personal liability and criminal penalties. If you have any questions about these procedures you should consult the Designated Supervisory Person.
A. Identifying Insider Information
Before trading for yourself or others, including accounts managed by the Adviser or for whom either of the Firms performs services, in the securities of a company about which you may have potential inside information, ask yourself the following questions:
| i. | Is the information material? Is this information that an investor would consider important in making his or her investment decisions? Is this information that would substantially affect the market price of the securities if generally disclosed? |
| ii. | Is the information nonpublic? To whom has this information been provided? Has the information been effectively communicated to the marketplace on the Internet, by being published in Reuters , The Wall Street Journal or other publications of general circulation? |
If, after consideration of the above, you believe that the information is material and nonpublic, or if you have questions as to whether the information is material and nonpublic, you should take the following steps:
| i. | Report the matter immediately to the Designated Supervisory Person. |
| ii. | Do not purchase or sell the securities on behalf of yourself or others, including accounts managed by the Adviser or for whom either of the Firms perform services. |
| iii. | Do not communicate the information inside or outside the Firm, other than to the Designated Supervisory Person. |
| iv. | After the Designated Supervisory Person has reviewed the issue, you will be instructed to continue the prohibitions against trading and communication, or you will be allowed to trade and communicate the information. |
B. Personal Securities Trading.
The Firms have adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code”), which, among other things, restricts personal securities trading and requires preclearance of personal securities transactions. Transactions permitted under the Code may nevertheless be prohibited under this Insider Trading Policy.
All officers, directors, managers and employees of the Firms shall submit to the Designated Supervisory Person a report of every securities transaction in which they, their families (including the spouse, minor children and adults living in the same household as the officer, director, manager or employee), have a beneficial interest.
C. High-Risk Trading Activities.
Certain high-risk trading activities, if used in the management of the Firms’ officers’, directors’, managers’ or employees’ personal trading portfolios are risky not only because of the nature of the securities transactions themselves, but also because of the potential that action necessary to close out the transaction may become prohibited during the pendency of the transactions. Examples of such activities include short sales of common stock and trading in derivative instruments such as option contracts to purchase (“call”) or sell (“put”) securities at certain predetermined prices. Officers, directors, managers and employees of either of the Firms should understand that short sales and trading in derivative instruments involve special risks--derivative instruments, for example, ordinarily have greater price volatility than the underlying security. The fulfillment of the obligations owned by each officer, director, manager and employee to the Firms may heighten those risks. For example, if a Firm becomes aware of material, nonpublic information about the issuer of the underlying securities, that Firm’s personnel may find themselves “frozen” in a position in a derivative security. A Firm will not bear any losses resulting in personal accounts through the implementation of this Insider Trading Policy.
D. Restricting Access to Material Nonpublic Information
Information in your possession that you identify as material and nonpublic may not be communicated to anyone, including persons within either of the Firms, except as provided in paragraph 1 above. In addition, care should be taken so that such information is secure. For example, files containing material nonpublic information should be sealed; access to computer files containing material nonpublic information should be restricted, and conversations containing such information, if appropriate at all, should be conducted in private (for example not by cellular telephone), to avoid potential interception.
E. Resolving Issues Concerning Insider Trading
If, after consideration of the items set forth in paragraph 1, doubt remains as to whether information is material or nonpublic, or if there is any unresolved question as to the applicability or interpretation of the foregoing procedures, or as to the propriety of any action, it must be discussed with the Designated Supervisory Person before trading or communicating the information to anyone.
F. Use of Expert Networks and Industry Consultants
To the extent the Adviser engages expert networks, matching services or other industry consultants who are compensated by the Adviser for providing research, analysis or other data (“Consultants”), the Designated Supervisory Person will determine the extent to which any of the measures identified in the Adviser’s Expert Network Policy should be taken.
G. Restricted Lists
Although the Adviser does not typically receive confidential information from portfolio companies, it may, if it receives such information take appropriate procedures to establish restricted lists in certain securities.
Our Designated Supervisory Person may place certain securities on a “Restricted List.” Supervised persons are prohibited from personally, or on behalf of an advisory account, purchasing or selling securities during any period they are listed. Our Designated Supervisory Person will take steps to immediately inform Trading of the securities listed on or removed from the Restricted List.
H. Acknowledgment
Persons subject to the Code of Ethics/Insider Trading Policy must certify initially and annually thereafter that they have read and understand the foregoing procedures and will comply in all respects with such procedures and that they understand that any violation of the Insider Trading Policy may lead to sanctions, including dismissal. A form of certification is attached as Exhibit A .
| SECTION III. | SUPERVISORY PROCEDURES |
The roles of the Head of Trading and the Designated Supervisory Person are critical to the implementation and maintenance of the Firms’ policy and procedures against insider trading. Supervisory Procedures can be divided into two classifications--prevention of insider trading and detection of insider trading.
A. Prevention of Insider Trading
To prevent insider trading, the Firms should:
| i. | distribute and review the Firms’ policy and procedures with new employees and periodically review them with existing directors, managers, officers and employees |
| ii. | answer questions regarding the Firms’ policy and procedures |
| iii. | resolve issues of whether information received by an officer, director, manager or employee of a Firm is material and nonpublic |
| iv. | review on a regular basis and update as necessary the Firms’ policy and procedures |
| v. | when it has been determined that an officer, director, manager or employee of a Firm has material, nonpublic information |
| a. | implement measures to prevent dissemination of such information, and |
| b. | if necessary, restrict officer, directors, managers and employees from trading the securities. |
| vi. | promptly review and either approve or disapprove, in writing, each request of an officer, director, manager or employee for clearance to trade in specified securities. |
B. Detection of Insider Trading
To detect insider trading, the Designated Supervisory Person should:
| i. | Monitor trading activities of the relevant Firm’s own account, if any, on a daily basis in addition to review of trade confirmations and monthly customer statements provided by any FINRA Member broker-dealer with whom that Firm may establish an account (transactions in that Firm’s account). |
| ii. | Monitor trading activities of a Firm’s employees through review of duplicates of confirmations and account statements provided by any FINRA Member broker-dealer with whom the employee has an account (the Firms recommend that all employees maintain their Personal Accounts, as defined in Section 2 of the Firms’ Code, at Clearing Broker but if, with the permission of the Designated Supervisory Person, a Personal Account is maintained at a brokerage firm other than the Clearing Broker, a duplicate of all brokerage confirmations and monthly statements should be sent to the Designated Supervisory Person). |
| iii. | Coordinate the review of such reports with other appropriate officers, directors, managers or employees of the appropriate Firm. |
| iv. | Promptly investigate all reports of any possible violations of the Firms’ Policy and Statement. |
C. Special Reports
Promptly, upon learning of a potential violation of the Firms’ Insider Trading Policy, the Designated Supervisory Person should prepare a written report to senior management or legal counsel, as appropriate, providing full details and recommendations for further action which may include any or all of the following:
| i. | the name of particular securities involved, if any, |
| i. | the date(s) the Designated Supervisory Person learned of the potential violation and began investigating, |
| ii. | the accounts and individuals involved, |
| iii. | actions taken as a result of the investigation, if any, and |
| iv. | recommendations for further action. |
D. General Reports to Management and/or the Board of Directors or Managers
On an as-needed or periodic basis, it may be useful for the Designated Supervisory Person to prepare a written report to the management and/or the Board of Directors of the Adviser or the Board of Managers of the Distributor setting forth some or all of the following:
| i. | a summary of existing procedures to detect and prevent insider trading, |
| ii. | a summary of changes in procedures made in the last year, |
| iii. | full details of any investigation since the last report (either internal or by a regulatory agency) of any suspected insider trading, the results of the investigation and a description of any changes in procedures prompted by any such investigation, |
| iv. | an evaluation of the current procedures and a description of anticipated changes in procedures, and |
| v. | a description of each Firm’s continuing educational program regarding insider trading, including the dates of such programs since the last report to management. |
| E. | Sanctions |
Upon learning of a violation of the Code, the Fund, the Adviser or the Distributor, may impose such sanctions as it deems appropriate, including, among other things, disgorgement of profits, censure, suspension or termination of service. Further, such violation may also be a violation of the federal securities laws or other federal and state laws. Any such person who is suspected of violating the Code should be reported immediately to the Designated Supervisory Person .
| F. | Recordkeeping |
| (a) | The Designated Supervisory Person will keep the following records: |
| (i) | a copy of each Code that is in effect, or at any time within the past five years was in effect, maintained in an easily accessible place; |
| (ii) | a record of any violation of the Code and of any action taken as a result of the violation, maintained in an easily accessible place for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs; |
| (iii) | a copy of each report made by Covered Persons maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the report is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place; |
| (iv) | a record of all persons currently or within the past five years, who are or were required to make reports or who are or were responsible for reviewing these reports, maintained in an easily accessible place; and |
| (v) | a copy of all preclearance requests (including those relating to investments in IPOs and limited offerings) and determinations related thereto. |
| (vi) | a copy of every report required by Section G(f) of this Code must be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place. |
| G. | Administration of the Code |
(a) The Head of Trading, the Designated Supervisory Person or any qualified and properly registered trader will be responsible for approving preclearance requests.
(b) The Designated Supervisory Person or his designee will be responsible for reviewing reports of securities holdings, brokerage confirmations and periodic statements to determine whether all Covered Persons are complying with the Code.
(c) The Designated Supervisory Person will inform Covered Persons of their reporting and other obligations under the Code.
(d) The Designated Supervisory Person will maintain a current list of all Covered Persons subject to the Code.
(e) The Designated Supervisory Person will periodically report to the President of the Adviser regarding the administration of the Code.
(f) The Designated Supervisory Person will submit a written report annually to the Board of Directors of the Fund (i) describing any issues arising under the Code since the last such report, including, but not limited to, information about material violations of the Code and sanctions imposed in response to the material violations; and (ii) certifying that the Fund, the Adviser and the Distributor have each adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Covered Persons from violating the Code.
H. Annual Review & Reports
On an annual basis, the Adviser’s Board of Directors and the Board of Managers of the Distributor will re-evaluate the current policies and procedures in place.
Approved by action of the Adviser’s Board of Directors, Sequoia Fund, Inc.’s Board of Directors and the Board of Managers of the Distributor on September 12, 2016.
By: /s/ Todd Ruoff
Todd Ruoff
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc.
By: /s/ Todd Ruoff
Todd Ruoff
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb LLC
By: /s/ Todd Ruoff
Todd Ruoff
Sequoia Fund, Inc.
EXHIBIT A
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc.,
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb LLC and
Sequoia Fund, Inc.
Acknowledgement/Certification Form
I certify that I have received a copy the Code of Ethics (and any amendments thereto) and a copy of the Insider Trading Policies and Procedures (and any amendments thereto) and that I have read and understand them and agree to abide by them. I understand that any violation of the Code of Ethics or of the Insider Trading Policy may lead to sanctions, including dismissal.
I further certify that I have submitted to the Designated Supervisory Person all holdings reports and instructed all firms where I maintain an account to supply to the Designated Supervisory Person duplicate copies of confirmations and monthly/quarterly account statements containing the information required by the Code of Ethics. I understand that the reports, confirmations and statements must be submitted to the Designated Supervisory Person even if I have no holdings to disclose or transactions to report as indicated below:
[If applicable for Initial Holdings Report: I certify that I currently have no holdings to report.]
[If applicable for Annual Holdings Report: I certify that I have no holdings [and transactions] (other than those previously reported) to report for the year ended ____________, ____.]
| Date:_________________ | ___________________________ |
| (Signature) | |
| ____________________________ | |
| (Print Name) |
EXHIBIT B
Request Date:
PRECLEARANCE REQUEST
I hereby request preclearance for the following trade(s) for the account of
|
___________________________________
(Note Purchase or Sale) Security Number
of Shares Broker/Firm
_______________________________________________________________________________________
|
Please signify your approval by signing below.
Approved: ________________________
| Trading Desk | Covered Person Signature |
EXHIBIT C
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc.
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb LLC
report on outside business activities
| To: | Designated Supervisory Person/Compliance Officer |
| From: | [Covered Person] |
| Subject: | Outside Business Activities |
Pursuant to the Code, you are required to submit to the Compliance Officer a description of any business activities outside of the Adviser or Distributor in which you have a significant role, including service as an officer or director of any company or on a creditors committee of an issuer. Please describe your outside business activities in the space provided below.
Personnel are not permitted to engage in any outside business activity without prior written authorization from the Designated Supervisory Person .
Additionally, please include information as to whether any family members serve on the board of directors of any company, including a publicly traded company, are otherwise employed by such publicly-traded company or are employed by a brokerage firm or investment bank. Relevant information includes such family member’s name, their relation to you, the company for which such family member works and their title within the organization.
Description of outside business activities:
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
If you do not have an outside business activity and if no family members are employed by a publicly traded or private company, please check the following box: ¨
| Date: | ||||
| Signature | ||||
| Print Name: |
Exhibit (p)(2)
CODE OF
ETHICS
OF THE INDEPENDENT Directors
OF Sequoia Fund, Inc.
Effective September 12, 2016
OVERVIEW
The Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Sequoia Fund, Inc. (the “Fund”) has adopted this code of ethics (the “Code”) applicable to Directors who are not “interested persons” of the Fund, as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”) (the “Independent Directors” or “Subject Persons”).
This Code is separate and distinct from other codes of ethics that the Board of the Fund has approved applicable to Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc. (the “Adviser”), the Fund’s investment adviser, Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb LLC (the “Distributor”), the Fund’s distributor, and their officers, directors, and employees.
This Code is administered by the Chief Compliance Officer of the Fund (the “CCO”).
SECTION I. SCOPE AND GENERAL PURPOSE
A. Personal Investment Activities . It is unlawful for a Subject Person in connection with his or her purchase or sale (directly or indirectly) of a Security Held or to be Acquired by the Fund (as defined in Appendix B hereto), to:
| · | employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud the Fund; |
| · | to make any untrue statement of material fact to the Fund or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made to the Fund, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading; |
| · | to engage in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on the Fund; or |
| · | to engage in any manipulative practice with respect to the Fund. |
B. Insider Trading. It is unlawful for a Subject Person to use material, non-public information in violation of the federal securities laws (“insider trading”). The Fund’s policy on insider trading applicable to a Subject Person is set forth on Appendix A hereto.
If a Subject Person becomes aware of any potential violation of this Code, he or she shall report such matter to the CCO as soon as reasonably practicable.
SECTION II. PERSONAL TRADING REPORTING OBLIGATIONS
Except as provided below, a Subject Person is ordinarily not required to report his or her personal securities transactions to the Fund or its representatives under this Code. A Subject Person is, however, required to deliver to the CCO a transaction report containing the information set forth in Appendix B if the Subject Person knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as an Independent Director, should have known, that during the fifteen-day period immediately before or after a transaction by such Subject Person in a Covered Security (as defined in Appendix B, and including securities both directly and indirectly beneficially owned by such Subject Person), the Fund purchased or sold such Covered Security, or the Fund or the Adviser considered purchasing or selling such Covered Security.
SECTION III. ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
A. Review of Reports
The CCO and the Audit Committee of the Fund shall review any reports delivered by a Subject Person pursuant to this Code at the next regularly scheduled meeting of the Committee or sooner if deemed necessary by the CCO and the Chair of the Committee. Any such review shall give special attention to evidence, if any, of violations or potential violations of the antifraud provisions of the federal securities law or the procedural requirements or ethical standards of this Code.
B. Investigations of Potential Violations
The Audit Committee of the Fund with the assistance of the CCO, shall investigate any potential violation of the provisions of this Code. After completion of such investigation, the Committee shall determine whether a violation has occurred and, if so, make a recommendation to the Board of the Fund as to any action to be taken in response thereto. Any member of the Committee who is alleged to have been involved in a violation shall be excluded from any vote as to whether a violation has occurred or with respect to any action to be taken.
C. Recordkeeping
The Fund must maintain the following records and make these records available to the Securities and Exchange Commission at any time and from time to time for reasonable periodic, special or other examination:
| · | A copy of this Code as currently in effect, or at any time within the past five years was in effect, must be maintained in an easily accessible place. |
| · | A record of any violation of this Code, and of any action taken as a result of the violation, must be maintained in an easily accessible place for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs. |
| · | A copy of each report made by a Subject Person under the Code and each report required under Section III.E below must be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the report is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place. |
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| · | A record of all Subject Persons, currently or within the past five years, who are subject to the Code, and of individual(s) responsible for reviewing reports made under the Code, must be maintained in an easily accessible place. |
D. Amendments
Any amendment to this Code must be approved by a majority of the Directors of the Board of the Fund including a majority of the Independent Directors.
E. Annual Report
On at least an annual basis, (i) the CCO, in consultation with the Audit Committee of the Fund shall provide the Board of the Fund with a written report that describes issues that arose under this Code since the prior such report, including information relating to material violations of this Code and any actions taken, procedures adopted or sanctions imposed as a result of such violations, and (ii) the CCO shall provide the Board of the Fund with a certification that the Fund has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent the Subject Persons from violating the Code.
F. Certification
Each Subject Person must sign a certification (substantially in the form of Appendix C hereto) promptly after i) the effective date of this Code or ii) becoming a Subject Person, which certification acknowledges that the Subject Person: (i) has received a copy of this Code and any amendments hereto, (ii) has read and understands all the provisions of this Code, and (iii) agrees to comply with the provisions of this Code.
| 3 |
APPENDIX A
Insider Trading Policy
While the law concerning insider trading is not static or clearly defined, the federal securities laws are generally understood to prohibit:
| 1. | Trading by an insider, while in possession of material, non-public information; |
| 2. | Trading by a non-insider, while in possession of material, non-public information, where the information either was disclosed to the non-insider in violation of an insider’s duty to keep it confidential or was misappropriated; |
| 3. | An insider communicating material, non-public information to others; |
| 4. | A non-insider communicating material, non-public information to others where the information either was disclosed to the non-insider in violation of an insider’s duty to keep it confidential or was misappropriated; and |
| 5. | Trading while in possession of material, non-public information regarding a tender offer. |
It is the Fund’s policy that:
| 1. | No Subject Person may trade in any security (including any equity or fixed income instruments), either personally or on behalf of others, while in possession of material, non-public information relating to the issuer of that security; |
| 2. | No Subject Person may communicate material, non-public information to any other person; |
| 3. | No Subject Person in possession of material, non-public information may recommend trading a security in an issuer to which the information relates, or otherwise recommend the purchase or sale of any such security; and |
| 4. | No Subject Person shall trade in violation of federal securities laws in a security subject to a tender offer while in possession of material, non-public information relating to the tender offer or the issuer of the security. |
Any questions regarding the Fund’s insider trading policy should be addressed to the CCO of the Fund.
| 4 |
appendix b
Transaction Report
| 1. | Content of Transactions Report |
| A. | For Transactions in Covered Securities |
| · | The date of the transaction, the title, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of shares and the principal amount of each Covered Security involved; |
| · | The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition); |
| · | The price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was effected; |
| · | The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through which the transaction was effected; and |
| · | The date that the Subject Person submits the report. |
| B. | For Newly Established Accounts Holding any Securities |
| · | The name of the broker, dealer or bank with whom the Subject Person established the account; |
| · | The date the account was established; and |
| · | The date that the Subject Person submits the report. |
| 2. | Timing of Transaction Report |
| · | No later than thirty (30) days after the end of a calendar quarter in which the reportable transaction occurred. |
| 3. | Definition of “Covered Security” and “Security Held or to be Acquired by the Fund” |
| A. | “Covered Security” means the instruments commonly known as securities (as defined in Section 2(a)(36) of the 1940 Act) and includes any derivative of a security, commodities, options or forward contracts, but does not include shares of open-end investment companies registered under the 1940 Act (other than shares of exchange-traded funds and shares of mutual funds for which the Adviser acts as an investment adviser or the Distributor acts as principal underwriter), direct obligations of the Government of the United States, bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and high quality short term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements. |
| 5 |
| B. | “Security Held or to be Acquired by the Fund” means: |
| · | Any Covered Security which, within the most recent 15 days: |
| o | Is or has been held by the Fund; or |
| o | Is being or has been considered by the Fund or its investment adviser for purchase by the Fund; and |
| · | Any option to purchase or sell, and any security convertible into or exchangeable for, a Covered Security described above. |
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appendix C
Certificate of Acknowledgement
| 1. | I hereby acknowledge receipt of the Code of Ethics of the Independent Directors of Sequoia Fund, Inc. as effective [ ], 2016 (the “ Code ”). |
| 2. | I hereby certify that I have read, understand and am in full compliance with the Code and that I agree to abide by its requirements and procedures. |
| 3. | I hereby acknowledge that failure to comply fully with the Code may subject me to disciplinary action. |
| 4. | I hereby acknowledge that I have been informed of my reporting obligations pursuant to the Code. |
| Signature | Date | |
| Printed Name |
| 7 |
Exhibit (other)
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that the person whose signature appears below hereby revokes all prior powers granted by the undersigned to the extent inconsistent herewith and constitutes and appoints David M. Poppe, to act as attorney-in-fact and agent, with power of substitution and resubstitution, for the undersigned in any and all capacities, solely for the purpose of executing the Registration Statement, and any amendments thereto, on Form N-1A of Sequoia Fund, Inc. and filing the same, with exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
| /s/ John B. Harris | |
| John B. Harris |
Dated: April 25, 2017
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that the person whose signature appears below hereby revokes all prior powers granted by the undersigned to the extent inconsistent herewith and constitutes and appoints David M. Poppe, to act as attorney-in-fact and agent, with power of substitution and resubstitution, for the undersigned in any and all capacities, solely for the purpose of executing the Registration Statement, and any amendments thereto, on Form N-1A of Sequoia Fund, Inc. and filing the same, with exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
| /s/ Peter Atkins | |
| Peter Atkins |
Dated: April 24, 2017