As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 21, 2017

File No. 002-16590

File No. 811-00945

  

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM N-1A

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

Under the SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

     
  Pre-Effective Amendment No.  
  Post-Effective Amendment No. 114 x

and/or

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

     
  Under the INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 ¨
  Amendment No. 115 x

(Check appropriate box or boxes)

 

 

Virtus Equity Trust

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

 

Area Code and Telephone Number: (800) 243-1574

101 Munson Street

Greenfield, Massachusetts 01301

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Kevin J. Carr, Esq.

Counsel

Virtus Investment Partners, Inc.

100 Pearl St.

Hartford, Connecticut 06103

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

 

Copies of All Correspondence to:

David C. Mahaffey, Esq.

Sullivan & Worcester LLP

1666 K Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20006

 

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):

 

  ¨ immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)

 

  ¨ on              pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 485

 

  ¨ 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

 

  ¨ on                or at such later date as the Commission shall order pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

 

  x 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

 

  ¨ on                pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.

 

If appropriate, check the following box:

 

  ¨ this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

 

 

 

 

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PROSPECTUS
VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST
[March __, 2018]
TICKER SYMBOL BY CLASS
FUND
A
C
I
R6
T
Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund
[TBD]
[TBD]
[TBD]
[TBD]
[TBD]
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. This prospectus contains important information that you should know before investing in Virtus Mutual Funds. Please read it carefully and retain it for future reference.
Not FDIC Insured
No Bank Guarantee
May Lose Value
[MISSING IMAGE: LG_VIRTUS-EDELIVERY.JPG]

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Virtus Mutual Funds
Table of Contents
FUND SUMMARIES
MORE INFORMATION ABOUT RISKS RELATED TO PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES AND FUND OPERATIONS

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Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund
Investment Objective
The fund has an investment objective of long-term capital appreciation, with dividend income a secondary consideration.
Fees and Expenses
The tables below illustrate all fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts in Class A Shares if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in Virtus Funds. You may qualify for sales charge discounts in Class T Shares if you invest at least $250,000 in the fund. More information on these and other discounts is available: (i) from your financial advisor or other financial intermediary; (ii) under “Sales Charges” on page 17 of the fund’s prospectus; (iii) with respect to purchase of shares through specific intermediaries, in Appendix A to the fund’s prospectus, entitled “Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers;” and (iv) under “Alternative Purchase Arrangements” on page 92 of the fund’s statement of additional information (“SAI”).
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Class A
Class C
Class I
Class R6
Class T
Maximum Sales Charge (load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) 5.75 % Non e Non e Non e 2.50 %
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (load) (as a percentage of the lesser of purchase price or redemption proceeds) Non e 1.00 % (a) Non e Non e Non e
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each
year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
Class A
Class C
Class I
Class R6
Class T
Management Fees [__] % [__] % [__] % [__] % [__] %
Distribution and Shareholder Servicing (12b-1) Fees [__] % [__] % [__] % [__] % [__] %
Other Expenses (b) [__] % [__] % [__] % [__] % [__] %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses [__] % [__] % [__] % [__] % [__] %
Less: Expense Reimbursement (c) [__] % [__] % [__] % [__] % [__] %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement (c) [__] % [__] % [__] % [__] % [__] %
(a)
The deferred sales charge is imposed on Class C Shares redeemed during the first year only.
(b)
Estimated for current fiscal year, as annualized.
(c)
The fund's investment adviser has contractually agreed to limit the fund's total operating expenses (excluding certain expenses, such as front-end or contingent deferred sales charges, taxes, leverage expenses, interest, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, unusual or infrequently occurring expenses (such as litigation), acquired fund fees and expenses, and dividend expenses, if any) so that such expenses do not exceed [___]% for Class A Shares, [___]% for Class C Shares, [___]% for Class I Shares, [___]% for Class R6 Shares and [___]% for Class T Shares through January 31, 2019. Following the contractual period, the adviser may discontinue these expense limitation arrangements at any time. Under certain conditions, the adviser may recapture fees waived and/or operating expenses reimbursed for a period of three years after the date on which such waiver or reimbursement incurred provided the recapture does not cause the fund to exceed its expense limitation in effect at the time of the waiver/reimbursement or recapture.
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes an investment of  $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated. It shows your costs if you sold your shares at the end of the period or continued to hold them. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, that the fund's operating expenses remain the same and that the expense reimbursement arrangement remains in place for the contractual period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
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Share Status
1 Year
3 Years
Class A
Sold or Held
$[__] $[__]
Class C
Sold
$[__] $[__]
Held
$[__] $[__]
Class I
Sold or Held
$[__] $[__]
Class R6
Sold or Held
$[__] $[__]
Class T
Sold or Held
$[__] $[__]
Portfolio Turnover
The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the fund’s performance. As of the date of this prospectus, the fund has not commenced operations; therefore, portfolio turnover information for the fund is not shown here.
Investments, Risks and Performance
Principal Investment Strategies
The fund pursues long-term capital appreciation in the small and medium market capitalization sectors while seeking to provide the risk characteristics of the less volatile large capitalization S&P 500 ® Index. The fund invests in a select group of small and mid-market capitalization companies believed to be undervalued relative to their future growth potential. The investment strategy emphasizes companies the subadviser believes to have a sustainable competitive advantage, strong management and low financial risk and to be able to grow over market cycles. Although the fund invests primarily in U.S. companies, it may invest in foreign securities and American Depositary Receipts.
Under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its assets in common stocks of small and medium market capitalization companies. As of the date of this Prospectus, the fund’s subadviser considers small and medium market capitalization companies for this purpose to be those companies that, at the time of initial purchase, have market capitalizations generally within the range of companies included in the Russell 2500 ® Index on a rolling three-year basis. On this basis, as of December 31, 2017, the total market capitalization range of companies included in the Russell 2500 ® Index over the past three years was $________ to $________. Generally, the fund expects to hold approximately 25 to 35 securities at any given time.
Principal Risks
The fund may not achieve its objective(s), and it is not intended to be a complete investment program. The value of the fund’s investments that supports your share value may decrease. If between the time you purchase shares and the time you sell shares the value of the fund’s investments decreases, you will lose money. Investment values can decrease for a number of reasons. Conditions affecting the overall economy, specific industries or companies in which the fund invests can be worse than expected, and investments may fail to perform as the subadviser expects. As a result, the value of your shares may decrease. Purchase and redemption activities by fund shareholders may impact the management of the fund and its ability to achieve its investment objective(s). The redemption by one or more large shareholders or groups of shareholders of their holdings in the fund could have an adverse impact on the remaining shareholders in the fund including by accelerating the realization of capital gains and increasing the fund's transaction costs. The principal risks of investing in the fund are:
>
Depositary Receipts Risk.  The risk that investments in foreign companies through depositary receipts will expose the fund to the same risks as direct investments in securities of foreign issuers.
>
Equity Securities Risk.  The risk that events negatively affecting issuers, industries or financial markets in which the fund invests will impact the value of the stocks held by the fund and, thus, the value of the fund’s shares over short or extended periods. Investments in a particular style or in small or medium-sized companies may enhance that risk.
>
Foreign Investing Risk.  The risk that the prices of foreign securities in the fund’s portfolio will be more volatile than those of domestic securities, or will be negatively affected by currency fluctuations, less regulated or liquid securities markets, or economic, political or other developments.
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>
Limited Number of Investments Risk.  The risk that the fund’s portfolio will be more susceptible to factors adversely affecting issuers of securities in the fund’s portfolio than would a fund holding a greater number of securities.
>
Market Volatility Risk.  The risk that the value of the securities in which the fund invests may go up or down in response to the prospects of individual issuers and/or general economic conditions. Such price changes may be temporary or may last for extended periods.
>
Small and Medium Market Capitalization Risk.  The risk that the fund's investments in small and medium market capitalization companies will increase the volatility and risk of loss to the fund, as compared with investments in larger, more established companies.
Performance Information
The fund has not had a full calendar year of operations; therefore, performance information is not shown here. Updated performance information is available at virtus.com or by calling 800-243-1574.
Management
The fund’s investment adviser is Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc. (“VIA”).
The fund’s subadviser is Kayne Anderson Rudnick Investment Management, LLC (“KAR”), an affiliate of VIA.
Portfolio Managers
>
Jon Christensen, CFA,  Portfolio Manager and Senior Research Analyst at KAR. Mr. Christensen has served as a Portfolio Manager of the fund since inception in [March 2018].
>
Julie Kutasov,  Portfolio Manager and Senior Research Analyst at KAR. Ms. Kutasov has served as a Portfolio Manager of the fund since inception in [March 2018].
>
Craig Stone,   Portfolio Manager and Senior Research Analyst at KAR. Mr. Stone has served as a Portfolio Manager of the fund since inception in [March 2018].
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
Minimum initial investments applicable to Class A and Class C Shares:

$2,500, generally

$100 for Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs), systematic purchase or exchange accounts

No minimum for defined contribution plans, asset-based fee programs, profit-sharing plans or employee benefit plans.
Minimum additional investments applicable to Class A and Class C Shares:

$100, generally

No minimum for defined contribution plans, asset-based fee programs, profit-sharing plans or employee benefit plans.
For Class I Shares, the minimum initial purchase is $100,000; there is no minimum for additional purchases.
Class R6 Shares are available only to the following investors without a minimum initial investment or minimum additional purchases: certain employer-sponsored retirement plans, including Section 401(k), 403(b) and 457, profit-sharing, money purchase pension and defined benefit plans and non-qualified deferred compensation plans, in each case provided that plan level or omnibus accounts are held on the books of the fund. Other institutional investors may be permitted to purchase Class R6 Shares subject to the fund’s determination of eligibility and may be subject to a $2,500,000 minimum initial investment requirement.
Class T Shares are available only through financial intermediaries. Your financial intermediary will provide you with the information you need to open an account and to buy or sell Class T Shares.
In general, you may buy or sell shares of the fund by mail or telephone on any business day. You also may buy and sell shares through a financial advisor, broker-dealer or other financial intermediary.
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Taxes
The fund’s distributions are taxable to you as either ordinary income or capital gains, except when your investment is through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Such tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of monies from those arrangements.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your financial advisor to recommend the fund over another investment.
No compensation, administrative payments, sub-transfer agency payments or service payments are paid to brokers or other entities from fund assets or the Distributor’s or an affiliate’s resources on sales of or investments in Class R6 Shares. Class R6 Shares do not carry sales commissions or pay Rule 12b-1 fees, or make payments to brokers or other entities to assist in, or in connection with, the sale of the fund’s shares.
Ask your financial advisor or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
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More Information About Fund Expenses
VIA has contractually agreed to limit the total operating expenses (excluding certain expenses, such as front-end or contingent deferred sales charges, taxes, leverage expenses, interest, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, unusual or infrequently occurring expenses (such as litigation), acquired fund fees and expenses, and dividend expenses, if any) through January 31, 2019 of the fund so that such expenses do not exceed, on an annualized basis, the amounts indicated in the following table.
Class A
Class C
Class I
Class R6
Class T
Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund [__] % [__] % [__] % [__] % [__] %
Following the contractual period, VIA may discontinue these limitation arrangements at any time. Under certain conditions, VIA may recapture fees waived and/or operating expenses reimbursed for a period of three years after the date on which such waiver or reimbursement incurred, provided the recapture does not cause the fund to exceed its expense limitation in effect at the time of the waiver/reimbursement or recapture.
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More Information About Investment Objectives and Principal Investment Strategies
The investment objectives and principal strategies of the fund are described in this section. The fund has a non-fundamental investment objective. A non-fundamental investment objective may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval. If a fund’s investment objective is changed, the prospectus will be supplemented to reflect the new investment objective. To the extent that there is a material change in the fund’s investment objective, shareholders will be provided with reasonable notice. There is no guarantee that a fund will achieve its objective.
Please see the statement of additional information (“SAI”) for additional information about the securities and investment strategies described in this prospectus and about additional securities and investment strategies that may be used by the fund.
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Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund
Non-Fundamental Investment Objective
The fund has an investment objective of long-term capital appreciation, with dividend income a secondary consideration.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its assets in common stocks of small and medium market capitalization companies. As of the date of this Prospectus, the fund’s subadviser considers small and medium market capitalization companies for this purpose to be those companies that, at the time of initial purchase, have market capitalizations generally within the range of companies included in the Russell 2500 ® Index on a rolling three-year basis. On this basis, as of December 31, 2017, the total market capitalization range of companies included in the Russell 2500 ® Index over the past three years was $________ to $________ billion.
The subadviser uses a blended growth and value strategy when selecting securities for investment. The subadviser uses a strategy emphasizing consistently growing, highly profitable, low-debt companies with rising cash flows which the subadviser deems to be of high quality. If a company meets these criteria, the subadviser researches and analyzes that company’s strength of management, relative competitive position in the industry and its financial structure. The subadviser uses proprietary models to assist in its analysis. Generally, the fund expects to hold approximately 25 to 35 securities at any given time.
Although the fund invests primarily in U.S. companies, it may invest in foreign securities and American Depositary Receipts.
The subadviser's sell discipline seeks to dispose of holdings that, among other things, achieve a target price, or are the subject of negative developments individually or as an industry, or as necessary to provide funding to upgrade and improve portfolio holdings or meet diversification requirements.
Temporary Defensive Strategy: During periods of adverse market conditions, the fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its principal investment strategies by holding all or part of its assets in cash or short-term money market instruments, including obligations of the U.S. Government, high-quality commercial paper, certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances, bank interest-bearing demand accounts, and repurchase agreements secured by U.S. Government securities. When this allocation happens, the fund may not achieve its objective.
Please see “More Information About Risks Related to Principal Investment Strategies” for information about the risks of investing in the fund. Please refer to “Additional Investment Techniques” for other investment techniques of the fund.
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More Information About Risks Related to Principal Investment Strategies
The fund may not achieve its objective, and is not intended to be a complete investment program.
Generally, the value of the fund’s investments that supports your share value may decrease. If between the time you purchase shares and the time you sell shares the value of the fund’s investments decreases, you will lose money.
Investment values can decrease for a number of reasons. Conditions affecting the overall economy, specific industries or companies in which the fund invests can be worse than expected and investments may fail to perform as the adviser or a subadviser expects. As a result, the value of your shares may decrease.
Specific risks of investing in the fund are identified in the below table and described in detail following the table.
Depositary Receipts
The fund may invest in American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) sponsored by U.S. banks, European Depositary Receipts (EDRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), ADRs not sponsored by U.S. banks, other types of depositary receipts (including non-voting depositary receipts), and other similar instruments representing securities of foreign companies.
Although certain depositary receipts may reduce or eliminate some of the risks associated with foreign investing, these types of securities generally are subject to many of the same risks as direct investment in securities of foreign issuers.
Equity Securities
Generally, prices of equity securities are more volatile than those of fixed income securities. The prices of equity securities will rise and fall in response to a number of different factors. In particular, equity securities will respond to events that affect entire financial markets or industries (such as changes in inflation or consumer demand) and to events that affect particular issuers (such as news about the success or failure of a new product). Equity securities also are subject to “stock market risk,” meaning that stock prices in general may decline over short or extended periods of time. When the value of the stocks held by the fund goes down, the value of the fund’s shares will be affected.

Small and Medium Market Capitalization Companies Risk.  Small and medium-sized companies often have narrower markets, fewer products or services to offer, and more limited managerial and financial resources than larger, more established companies. As a result, the performance of small and medium-sized companies may be more volatile, and they may face a greater risk of business failure, which could increase the volatility and risk of loss to the fund.
Foreign Investing
Investing in securities of non-U.S. companies involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies, and the values of non-U.S. securities may be more volatile than those of U.S. securities. The values of non-U.S. securities are subject to economic and political developments in countries and regions where the issuers operate or are domiciled, or where the securities are traded, such as changes in economic or monetary policies, and to changes in currency exchange rates. Values may also be affected by restrictions on receiving the investment proceeds from a non-U.S. country.
In general, less information is publicly available about non-U.S. companies than about U.S. companies. Non-U.S. companies are generally not subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards as are U.S. companies. Certain foreign issuers classified as passive foreign investment companies may be subject to additional taxation risk.
Limited Number of Investments
The risk that the fund’s portfolio will be more susceptible to factors adversely affecting issuers of securities in the fund’s portfolio than would a fund holding a greater number of securities.
Market Volatility
The value of the securities in which the fund invests may go up or down in response to the prospects of individual issuers and/or general economic conditions. Such price changes may be temporary or may last for extended periods.
Instability in the financial markets may expose the fund to greater market and liquidity risk and potential difficulty in valuing portfolio instruments that it holds. In response to financial markets that experienced extreme volatility, and in some cases a lack of liquidity, the U.S. Government and other governments have taken a number of unprecedented
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actions, including acquiring distressed assets from financial institutions and acquiring ownership interests in those institutions. The implications of government ownership and disposition of these assets are unclear. Additional legislation or government regulation may also change the way in which funds themselves are regulated, which could limit or preclude a fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.
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Management of the Funds
The Adviser
VIA is the investment adviser to the fund and is located at 100 Pearl Street, Hartford, CT 06103. VIA acts as the investment adviser for over 50 mutual funds and as adviser to institutional clients. As of December 31, 2017, VIA had approximately $[___] billion in assets under management. VIA has acted as an investment adviser for over 80 years and is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Virtus Investment Partners, Inc., a publicly traded multi-manager asset management business.
Subject to the direction of the fund’s Board of Trustees, VIA is responsible for managing the fund’s investment programs and for the general operations of the fund, including oversight of the fund’s subadvisers, and recommending their hiring, termination and replacement.
VIA has appointed and oversees the activities of the subadviser for the fund. The subadviser manages the investments of the fund to conform with its investment policies as described in this prospectus.
Management Fees
The fund pays VIA an investment management fee that is accrued daily against the value of the fund’s net assets at the following annual rates:
First $1 billion
$1+ billion
Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund [__] % [__] %
The Subadviser
KAR, an affiliate of VIA, is located at 1800 Avenue of the Stars, 2 nd Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90067. KAR acts as subadviser to mutual funds and as investment adviser to institutions and individuals. As of December 31, 2017, KAR had approximately $[___] billion in assets under management.
VIA pays the subadviser a subadvisory fee which is calculated on the fund’s average daily net assets at the following annual rate:
Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund 50% of Net Advisory Fee
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees approving the investment advisory and subadvisory agreements of the fund is expected to be available in the fund’s semiannual report covering the period from inception through March 31, 2018.
The fund and VIA have received an exemptive order from the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) that permits VIA, subject to certain conditions, and without the approval of shareholders, to: (a) select both unaffiliated subadvisers and certain wholly-owned affiliated subadvisers to manage all or a portion of the assets of a fund, and enter into subadvisory agreements with such subadvisers, and (b) materially amend subadvisory agreements with such subadvisers. In such circumstances, shareholders would receive notice of such action. The initial shareholder of the fund has approved the fund's operation in this manner and reliance by the fund on this exemptive order issued by the SEC.
Portfolio Management
The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the funds’ portfolios.
KAR
Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund
Jon Christensen, CFA (since inception [March 2018])
Julie Kutasov (since inception [March 2018])
Craig Stone (since inception [March 2018])
Jon Christensen, CFA. Mr. Christensen is a Portfolio Manager and Senior Research Analyst at KAR, with primary research responsibilities for the small- and mid-capitalization materials and processing sectors. Before joining KAR in 2001, he was a portfolio manager and senior research analyst for Doheny Asset Management. Mr. Christensen has approximately 20 years of investment industry experience.
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Julie Kutasov. Ms. Kutasov is a Portfolio Manager and Senior Research Analyst at KAR, with primary research responsibilities for the small- and mid-capitalization producer durables sector. Before joining KAR in 2001, Ms. Kutasov worked in the investment management group at Goldman Sachs. She has approximately 14 years of investment industry experience.
Craig Stone. Mr. Stone is a Portfolio Manager and Senior Research Analyst at KAR. Before joining KAR in 2000, Mr. Stone was a Portfolio Manager at Doheny Asset Management. He has approximately 26 years of investment industry experience.
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Risks Associated with Additional Investment Techniques and Fund Operations
In addition to the Principal Investment Strategies and Risks Related to Principal Investment Strategies, the fund may engage in additional investment techniques that present additional risks to the fund. Those additional investment techniques in which the fund is expected to engage, and their risks, as of the date of this prospectus are described below, although other techniques may be utilized from time to time. Many of the additional investment techniques that a fund may use, as well as other investment techniques that are relied upon to a lesser degree, are more fully described in the SAI.
Cybersecurity
With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, the funds have become potentially more susceptible to operational and information security risks through breaches in cybersecurity. In general, a breach in cybersecurity can result from either a deliberate attack or an unintentional event. Cybersecurity breaches may involve, among other things, infection by computer viruses or other malicious software code or unauthorized access to the digital information systems, networks or devices of the funds or their service providers (including, but not limited to, the funds’ investment adviser, transfer agent, custodian, administrators and other financial intermediaries) through “hacking” or other means, in each case for the purpose of misappropriating assets or sensitive information (including, for example, personal shareholder information), corrupting data or causing operational disruption or failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the funds. Any such cybersecurity breaches or losses of service may cause the funds to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption or lose operational capacity, which, in turn, could cause the funds to incur regulatory penalties, reputational damage, additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures, and/or financial loss. While the funds and their service providers have established business continuity plans and risk management systems designed to prevent or reduce the impact of cybersecurity attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems due in part to the ever-changing nature of technology and cybersecurity attack tactics, and there is a possibility that certain risks have not been adequately identified or prepared for. Cybersecurity risks may also impact issuers of securities in which the funds invest, which may cause the funds’ investments in such issuers to lose value.
Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)
ETFs invest in a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index. The risks associated with investing in ETFs generally reflect the risks of owning shares of the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities. Assets invested in ETFs incur a layering of expenses, including operating costs and advisory fees that fund shareholders indirectly bear; such expenses may exceed the expenses the fund would incur if it invested directly in the underlying portfolio of securities the ETF is designed to track. Shares of ETFs trade on a securities exchange and may trade at, above, or below their net asset value.
Foreign Investing
Investing in securities of non-U.S. companies involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies, and the values of non-U.S. securities may be more volatile than those of U.S. securities. The values of non-U.S. securities are subject to economic and political developments in countries and regions where the issuers operate or are domiciled, or where the securities are traded, such as changes in economic or monetary policies, and to changes in currency exchange rates. Values may also be affected by restrictions on receiving the investment proceeds from a non-U.S. country.
In general, less information is publicly available about non-U.S. companies than about U.S. companies. Non-U.S. companies are generally not subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards as are U.S. companies. Certain foreign issuers classified as passive foreign investment companies may be subject to additional taxation risk.

Currency Rate Risk.  Because the foreign securities in which a fund invests generally trade in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, changes in currency exchange rates will affect the fund’s net asset value, the value of dividends and interest earned, and gains and losses realized on the sale of securities. Because the value of each fund’s shares is calculated in U.S. dollars, it is possible for a fund to lose money by investing in a foreign security if the local currency of a foreign market depreciates against the U.S. dollar, even if the local currency value of the fund’s holdings goes up. Generally, a strong U.S. dollar relative to such other currencies will adversely affect the value of the fund’s holdings in foreign securities.
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Illiquid and Restricted Securities
Certain securities in which a fund invests may be difficult to sell at the time and price beneficial to the fund, for example due to low trading volumes or legal restrictions. When there is no willing buyer or a security cannot be readily sold, the fund may have to sell at a lower price or may be unable to sell the security at all. The sale of such securities may also require the fund to incur expenses in addition to those normally associated with the sale of a security.
Mutual Fund Investing
Through its investments in other mutual funds, a fund is exposed not only to the risks of the underlying funds’ investments but also to certain additional risks. Assets invested in other mutual funds incur a layering of expenses, including operating costs, advisory fees and administrative fees that you, as a shareholder in the fund, indirectly bear. Such fees and expenses may exceed the fees and expenses the fund would have incurred if it invested in the underlying fund’s assets directly. To the extent that the expense ratio of an underlying fund changes, the weighted average operating expenses borne by the fund may increase or decrease. An underlying fund may change its investment objective or policies without the approval of the fund, and the fund might be forced to withdraw its investment from the underlying fund at a time that is unfavorable to the fund. If a fund invests in closed-end funds, it may incur added expenses such as additional management fees and trading costs and additional risks associated with trading at a discount to NAV and use of leverage.
Operational
An investment in a fund, like any mutual fund, can involve operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors, human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel and errors caused by third-party service providers. The occurrence of any of these failures, errors or breaches could result in a loss of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage or other events, any of which could have a material adverse effect on a fund. While the funds seek to minimize such events through controls and oversight, there may still be failures that could cause losses to a fund.
Securities Lending
A fund may loan portfolio securities with a value up to one-third of its total assets to increase its investment returns. If the borrower is unwilling or unable to return the borrowed securities when due, the lending fund can suffer losses. In addition, there is a risk of delay in receiving additional collateral or in the recovery of the securities, and a risk of loss of rights in the collateral, in the event that the borrower fails financially. There is also a risk that the value of the investment of the collateral could decline, causing a loss to the lending fund.
Short-Term Investments
Short-term investments include money market instruments, repurchase agreements, certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances and other short-term instruments that are not U.S. Government securities. These securities generally present less risk than many other investments, but they are generally subject to credit risk and may be subject to other risks as well.
Unrated Fixed Income Securities
A fund’s subadviser has the authority to make determinations regarding the quality of unrated fixed-income securities for the purposes of assessing whether they meet the fund’s investment restrictions. However, analysis of unrated securities is more complex than that of rated securities, making it more difficult for the subadviser to accurately predict risk. Unrated fixed income securities may not be lower in quality than rated securities, but due to their perceived risk they may not have as broad a market as rated securities, making it more difficult to sell unrated securities.
U.S. and Foreign Government Obligations
Obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies, authorities and instrumentalities and backed by the full faith and credit of the United States only guarantee principal and interest will be timely paid to holders of the securities. The entities do not guarantee that the value of fund shares will increase, and in fact, the market values of such obligations may fluctuate. In addition, not all U.S. Government securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States; some are the obligation solely of the entity through which they are issued. There is no guarantee that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies and instrumentalities if not required to do so by law. Foreign obligations may not be backed by the government of the issuing country, and are subject to foreign investing risks.
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The funds may buy other types of securities or employ other portfolio management techniques. Please refer to the SAI for more detailed information about these and other investment techniques of the funds.
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Pricing of Fund Shares
How is the Share Price determined?
Each fund calculates a share price for each class of its shares. The share price (net asset value or “NAV”) for each class is based on the net assets of the fund and the number of outstanding shares of that class. In general, each fund calculates a share price for each class by:

adding the values of all securities and other assets of the fund;

subtracting liabilities; and

dividing the result by the total number of outstanding shares of that class.
Assets: Equity securities are valued at the official closing price (typically last sale) on the exchange on which the securities are primarily traded, or, if no closing price is available, at the last bid price. Shares of other investment companies are valued at such companies’ NAVs. Debt securities are valued on the basis of broker quotations or valuations provided by a pricing service, which in determining value utilizes information with respect to recent sales, market transactions in comparable securities, quotations from dealers, and various relationships between securities. Other assets, such as accrued interest, accrued dividends and cash are also included in determining a fund’s NAV. As required, some securities and assets are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by, or under the direction of, the Board of Trustees.
Liabilities: Accrued liabilities for class-specific expenses (if any), distribution fees, service fees and other liabilities are deducted from the assets of each class. Accrued expenses and liabilities that are not class-specific (such as management fees) are allocated to each class in proportion to each class’s net assets except where an alternative allocation can be more appropriately made.
Net Asset Value (NAV): The liabilities allocated to a class are deducted from the proportionate interest of such class in the assets of the applicable fund. The resulting amount for each class is then divided by the number of shares outstanding of that class to produce each class’s NAV per share.
The NAV per share of each class of each fund is determined as of the close of regular trading (normally 4:00 PM eastern time) on days when the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open for trading. A fund will not calculate its NAV per share class on days when the NYSE is closed for trading. If a fund (or underlying fund, as applicable) holds securities that are traded on foreign exchanges that trade on weekends or other holidays when the funds do not price their shares, the NAV of the fund’s shares may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem the fund’s shares.
How are securities fair valued?
If market quotations are not readily available or available prices are not reliable, the funds (or underlying fund, as applicable) determine a “fair value” for an investment according to policies and procedures approved by the Board of Trustees. The types of assets for which such pricing might be required include: (i) securities whose trading has been suspended; (ii) securities where the trading market is unusually thin or trades have been infrequent; (iii) debt securities that have recently gone into default and for which there is no current market quotation; (iv) a security whose market price is not available from an independent pricing source and for which otherwise reliable quotes are not available; (v) securities of an issuer that has entered into a restructuring; (vi) a security whose price as provided by any pricing source does not, in the opinion of the adviser/subadviser, reflect the security’s market value; (vii) foreign securities subject to trading collars for which no or limited trading takes place; (viii) securities where the market quotations are not readily available as a result of  “significant” events; and (ix) securities whose principal exchange or trading market is closed for an entire business day on which a fund needs to determine its NAV. This list is not inclusive of all situations that may require a security to be fair valued, nor is it intended to be conclusive in determining whether a specific event requires fair valuation.
The value of any portfolio security held by a fund for which market quotations are not readily available shall be determined in good faith and in a manner that assesses the security’s “fair value” on the valuation date (i.e., the amount that the fund might reasonably expect to receive for the security upon its current sale), based on a consideration of all available facts and all available information, including, but not limited to, the following: (i) the fundamental analytical data relating to the investment; (ii) the value of other relevant financial instruments, including derivative securities, traded on other markets or among dealers; (iii) an evaluation of the forces which influence the market in which these securities are purchased and sold ( e.g. , the existence of merger proposals or tender offers that might affect the value of
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the security); (iv) the type of the security; (v) the size of the holding; (vi) the initial cost of the security; (vii) trading volumes on markets, exchanges or among broker-dealers; (viii) price quotes from dealers and/or pricing services; (ix) values of baskets of securities traded on other markets, exchanges, or among dealers; (x) changes in interest rates; (xi) information obtained from the issuer, analysts, other financial institutions and/or the appropriate stock exchange (for exchange traded securities); (xii) an analysis of the company’s financial statements; (xiii) government (domestic or foreign) actions or pronouncements; (xiv) recent news about the security or issuer; (xv) whether two or more dealers with whom the adviser/subadviser regularly effects trades are willing to purchase or sell the security at comparable prices; and (xvi) other news events or relevant matters.
Certain foreign common stocks may be fair valued in cases where closing prices are not readily available or are deemed not reflective of readily available market prices. For example, events (such as movement in the U.S. securities market, or other regional and local developments) may occur between the time that foreign markets close (where the security is principally traded) and the time that the fund calculates its NAV (generally, the close of regular trading on the NYSE) that may impact the value of securities traded in these foreign markets. In such cases, information from an external vendor may be utilized to adjust closing market prices of certain foreign common stocks to reflect their fair value. Because the frequency of significant events is not predictable, fair valuation of certain foreign common stocks may occur on a frequent basis.
The value of a security, as determined using the funds’ fair valuation procedures, may not reflect such security’s market value.
At what price are shares purchased?
All investments received by the funds’ authorized agents in good order prior to the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 PM eastern time) will be executed based on that day’s NAV; investments received by the funds’ authorized agent in good order after the close of regular trading on the NYSE will be executed based on the next business day’s NAV. Shares credited to your account from the reinvestment of a fund’s distributions will be in full and fractional shares that are purchased at the closing NAV on the next business day on which the fund’s NAV is calculated following the dividend record date.
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Sales Charges
What are the classes and how do they differ?
Currently, the fund offers five classes of shares. Each class of shares has different sales and distribution charges. (See “Fund Fees and Expenses” in the fund’s “Fund Summary” previously in this prospectus.) For certain classes of shares, the fund has adopted distribution and service plans allowed under Rule 12b-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, that authorize the fund to pay distribution and service fees (“Rule 12b-1 Fees”) for the sale of its shares and for services provided to shareholders. The Rule 12b-1 Fees for each class of the fund are as follows:
Fund
Class A
Class C
Class I
Class R6
Class T
Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund 0.25 % 1.00 % None N/A 0.25 %
What arrangement is best for you?
The different classes of shares permit you to choose the method of purchasing shares that is most beneficial to you. In choosing a class of shares, consider the amount of your investment, the length of time you expect to hold the shares, whether you decide to receive distributions in cash or to reinvest them in additional shares, and any other personal circumstances. Depending upon these considerations, the accumulated distribution and service fees and contingent deferred sales charges of one class of shares may be more or less than the initial sales charge and accumulated distribution and service fees of another class of shares bought at the same time. Because distribution and service fees are paid out of a fund’s assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
Your financial representative should recommend only those arrangements that are suitable for you based on known information. In certain instances, you may be entitled to a reduction or waiver of sales charges. For instance, you may be entitled to a sales charge discount on Class A Shares and Class T Shares if you purchase more than certain breakpoints.
To determine your eligibility for a sales charge discount on Class A Shares, you may aggregate all of your accounts (including joint accounts, retirement accounts such as individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”), non-IRAs, etc.) and those of your spouse, domestic partner, children and minor grandchildren.
The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts may depend on whether you purchase your shares directly from the fund or through a financial intermediary. Different intermediaries may impose different sales charges (including partial reduction in or waivers of sales charges) other than those listed in this section. Such intermediary-specific sales charge variations are described in Appendix A to this prospectus, entitled “Intermediary Sales Charges Discounts and Waivers.” Appendix A is incorporated herein by reference and is legally part of this prospectus.
Your financial representative may request that you provide an account statement or other holdings information to determine your eligibility for a breakpoint and/or waiver and to make certain all involved parties have the necessary data. In all instances, it is the purchaser’s responsibility to notify the fund or the purchaser’s financial representative at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, in order to receive these waivers or discounts shareholders will have to purchase fund shares through another intermediary offering such waivers or discounts or directly from the fund if the fund offers such waivers or discounts.
Additional information about the classes of shares offered, sales charges, breakpoints and discounts follows in this section and also may be found in the SAI in the section entitled “How to Buy Shares.” Intermediary-specific sales charge variations are described in Appendix A to this prospectus, entitled “Intermediary Sales Charges Discounts and Waivers.” This information is available free of charge, and in a clear and prominent format, at the Individual Investors section of virtus.com. Please be sure that you fully understand these choices before investing. If you or your financial representative requires additional assistance, you may also contact Virtus Fund Services by calling toll-free 800-243-1574.
Class A Shares. If you purchase Class A Shares, you will pay a sales charge at the time of purchase equal to 5.75% of the offering price (6.10% of the amount invested). The sales charge may be reduced or waived under certain conditions. (See Initial Sales Charge Alternative – Class A Shares and “Class A Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers” below.) Generally, Class A Shares are not subject to any charges by the fund when redeemed; however, a contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) may be imposed on certain redemptions within 18 months of a finder’s fee being paid.
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For all Virtus fixed income funds and Virtus Rampart Sector Trend Fund, the CDSC is 0.50%; for all other Virtus funds, the CDSC is 1.00%. The 18 month period begins on the last day of the month preceding the month in which the purchase was made, and shares not subject to a finder’s fee will be deemed to be redeemed first. Class A Shares have lower distribution and service fees (0.25%) and as a result pay higher dividends than Class C Shares.
Class C Shares. If you purchase Class C Shares, you will not pay a sales charge at the time of purchase. If you sell your Class C Shares within the first year after they are purchased, you will pay a deferred sales charge of 1%. (See Deferred Sales Charge Alternative—Class C Shares below.) Class C Shares do not convert to any other class of shares of the fund, so the higher distribution and services fees paid by Class C Shares continue for the life of the account.
Class I Shares. Class I Shares are offered primarily to clients of financial intermediaries that (i) charge such clients an ongoing fee for advisory, investment, consulting, or similar services; or (ii) have entered into an agreement with the distributor to offer Class I Shares through a no-load network or platform. Such clients may include pension and profit sharing plans, other employee benefit trusts, endowments, foundations and corporations. Class I Shares are also offered to private and institutional clients of, or referred by, the adviser, the subadvisers or their affiliates, and to Trustees of the funds and trustees/directors of affiliated open- and closed-end funds, and directors, officers and employees of Virtus and its affiliates. If you are eligible to purchase and do purchase Class I Shares, you will pay no sales charge at any time. There are no distribution and service fees applicable to Class I Shares.
Class R6 Shares. Class R6 Shares are offered to the following investors (provided that they do not require or receive any compensation, administrative payments, sub-transfer agency payments or service payments with respect to Class R6 Shares) without a minimum initial investment: (i) qualified retirement plans, including, but not limited to, 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer sponsored 403(b) plans, defined benefit plans and other accounts or plans whereby Class R6 Shares are held on the books of a fund through plan level or omnibus accounts; (ii) banks and trust companies; (iii) insurance companies; (iv) registered investment companies; and (v) non-qualified deferred compensation plans. Other institutional investors may be permitted to purchase Class R6 Shares subject to the fund’s determination of eligibility and may be subject to a $2,500,000 minimum initial investment requirement. The minimum initial investment amount may be waived subject to the fund’s discretion. If you are eligible to purchase and do purchase Class R6 Shares, you will pay no sales charge at any time. There are no distribution and service fees applicable to Class R6 Shares.
Class T Shares. If you purchase Class T Shares, you will pay a sales charge at time of purchase equal to 2.50% of the offering price (2.56% of the amount invested). You may qualify for sales charge discounts in Class T Shares if you invest at least $250,000 in a fund. More information on these and other discounts is available: (i) from your financial intermediary; (ii) under “Sales Charges” in the funds’ prospectus; (iii) with respect to purchase of shares through specific intermediaries, in Appendix A to the fund’s prospectus, entitled “Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers;” and (iv) under “Alternative Purchase Arrangements” in the funds’ statement of additional information. Class T Shares are not subject to any sales charges by the fund when redeemed.
Initial Sales Charge Alternative—Class A Shares. The public offering price of Class A Shares is the NAV plus a sales charge that varies depending on the size of your purchase. (See “Class A Shares—Reduced Initial Sales Charges” in the SAI.) Shares purchased based on the automatic reinvestment of income dividends or capital gain distributions are not subject to any sales charges. The sales charge is divided between your investment dealer and the fund's underwriter, VP Distributors, LLC (“VP Distributors” or the “Distributor”).
Sales Charge you may pay to purchase Class A Shares
Sales Charge as a percentage of
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
Offering Price
Net Amount Invested
Under $50,000 5.75 % 6.10 %
$50,000 but under $100,000 4.75 4.99
$100,000 but under $250,000 3.75 3.90
$250,000 but under $500,000 2.75 2.83
$500,000 but under $1,000,000 2.00 2.04
$1,000,000 or more None None
Class A Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers
Investors may qualify for reduced or no initial (front-end) sales charges, as shown in the table above, through utilization of Combination Purchase Privilege, Letter of Intent, Right of Accumulation, Purchase by Associations or the Account
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Reinstatement Privilege. These programs are summarized below and are described in greater detail in the SAI. These reductions and waivers do not apply to any CDSC that may be applied to certain Class A Share redemptions.
Combination Purchase Privilege. Your purchase of any class of shares of these funds or any other Virtus Mutual Fund, if made at the same time by the same person, will be added together with any existing Virtus Mutual Fund account values to determine whether the combined sum entitles you to an immediate reduction in sales charges. A “person” is defined in this and the following sections as either: (a) any individual, his or her spouse or domestic partner, children and minor grandchildren purchasing shares for his, her or their own account (including an IRA account) including his, her or their own sole proprietorship or trust where any of the above is a named beneficiary; (b) a trustee or other fiduciary purchasing for a single trust, estate or single fiduciary account (even though more than one beneficiary may exist); (c) multiple accounts (up to 200) under a qualified employee benefit plan or administered by a third party administrator; or (d) trust companies, bank trust departments, registered investment advisers, and similar entities placing orders or providing administrative services with respect to accounts over which they exercise discretionary investment authority and which are held in a fiduciary, agency, custodial or similar capacity, provided all shares are held of record in the name, or nominee name, of the entity placing the order.
Letter of Intent. If you sign a Letter of Intent, your purchase of any class of shares of these funds or any other Virtus Mutual Fund, if made by the same person within a 13-month period, will be added together to determine whether you are entitled to an immediate reduction in sales charges. Sales charges are reduced based on the overall amount you indicate that you will buy under the Letter of Intent. The Letter of Intent is a mutually non-binding arrangement between you and Virtus Mutual Funds. Shares worth 5% of the Letter of Intent amount will be held in escrow (while remaining registered in your name) to secure payment of the higher sales charges applicable to the shares actually purchased in the event the full intended amount is not purchased.
Right of Accumulation. The value of your account(s) in any class of shares of these funds or any other Virtus Mutual Fund if made over time by the same person, may be added together at the time of each purchase to determine whether the combined sum entitles you to a prospective reduction in sales charges. You must provide certain account information to Virtus Mutual Funds or their agents at the time of purchase to exercise this right.
Gifting of Shares. If you make a gift of shares of a Virtus Mutual Fund, upon your request you may combine purchases, if made at the same time, of any class of shares of these funds or any other Virtus Mutual Fund at the sales charge discount allowed for the combined purchase. The receiver of the gift may also be entitled to a prospective reduction in sales charges in accordance with the funds’ right of accumulation or other provisions. You or the receiver of the gift must provide certain account information to Virtus Mutual Funds or their agents at the time of purchase to exercise this right.
Purchase by Associations. Certain groups or associations may be treated as a “person” and qualify for reduced Class A Share sales charges. The group or association must: (1) have been in existence for at least six months; (2) have a legitimate purpose other than to purchase mutual fund shares at a reduced sales charge; (3) work through an investment dealer; and (4) not be a group whose sole reason for existing is to consist of members who are credit card holders of a particular company, policyholders of an insurance company, customers of a bank or a broker-dealer or clients of an investment adviser.
Account Reinstatement Privilege. Subject to the funds’ policies and procedures regarding market timing, for 180 days after you sell your Class A Shares on which you previously paid a sales charge, you may purchase Class A Shares of any Virtus Mutual Fund at NAV, with no sales charge, by reinvesting all or part of your proceeds, but not more.
Sales at Net Asset Value. In addition to the programs summarized above, the funds may sell their Class A Shares at NAV without an initial sales charge to certain types of accounts or account holders, including, but not limited to: trustees of the Virtus Mutual Funds; directors, officers, employees and sales representatives of the adviser, a subadviser or the Distributor and corporate affiliates of the adviser, a subadviser or the Distributor; private clients of an adviser or subadviser to any of the Virtus Mutual Funds; registered representatives and employees of dealers with which the Distributor has sales agreements; and certain qualified employee benefit plans, endowment funds or foundations. Please see the SAI for more information about qualifying for purchases of Class A Shares at NAV.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge you may pay on Class A Shares
Investors buying Class A Shares on which a finder’s fee has been paid may incur a CDSC if they redeem their shares. For Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund and Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund, the CDSC may be imposed on redemptions within 12 months of a finder’s fee being paid; for all other funds, the CDSC may be imposed on redemptions within 18 months of a finder’s fee being paid. For Virtus fixed income funds and Virtus
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Rampart Sector Trend Fund, the CDSC is 0.50%; for all other Virtus Mutual Funds, the CDSC is 1.00%. The 12- or 18-month period, as applicable, begins on the last day of the month preceding the month in which the purchase was made, and shares not subject to a finder’s fee will be deemed to be redeemed first. The CDSC will be multiplied by the then current market value or the initial cost of the shares being redeemed, whichever is less.
Deferred Sales Charge Alternative—Class C Shares
Class C Shares are purchased without an initial sales charge; however, shares sold within one year of purchase are subject to a CDSC of 1.00%. The sales charge will be multiplied by the then-current market value or the initial cost of the shares being redeemed, whichever is less. No sales charge will be imposed on increases in NAV or on shares purchased through the reinvestment of income dividends or capital gain distributions. To minimize the sales charge, shares not subject to any charge will be redeemed first, followed by shares held the longest time. The date of purchase will be used to calculate the number of shares owned and time period held.
Deferred Sales Charge you may pay to sell Class C Shares
Year 1 2+
CDSC 1 % 0 %
Class A and Class C Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers
The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts may depend on whether you purchase your shares through a financial intermediary offering them. Different intermediaries may impose different sales charges (including partial reduction in or waivers of sales charges) other than those listed in this section, provided that they do not exceed the maximum sales charge listed. Such intermediary-specific sales charge variations are described in Appendix A to this prospectus, entitled “Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers.” Appendix A is incorporated herein by reference and is legally part of this prospectus.
Sales Charge you may pay to purchase Class T Shares
Sales Charge as a percentage of
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
Offering Price
Net Amount Invested
Under $250,000 2.50 % 2.56 %
$250,000 but under $500,000 2.00 2.04
$500,000 but under $1,000,000 1.50 1.52
$1,000,000 or more 1.00 1.01
Compensation to Dealers
Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class I Shares only
Dealers with whom the Distributor has entered into sales agreements receive a discount or commission on Class A Shares as described below.
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
Sales Charge as a
Percentage of Offering
Price
Sales Charge as a
Percentage of Amount
Invested
Dealer Discount as a
Percentage of Offering
Price
Under $50,000 5.75 % 6.10 % 5.00 %
$50,000 but under $100,000 4.75 4.99 4.25
$100,000 but under $250,000 3.75 3.90 3.25
$250,000 but under $500,000 2.75 2.83 2.25
$500,000 but under $1,000,000 2.00 2.04 1.75
$1,000,000 or more None None None
With respect to Class C Shares, the Distributor intends to pay investment dealers a sales commission of 1% of the sale price of Class C Shares sold by such dealers. Your broker, dealer or financial advisor may also charge you additional commissions or fees for their services in selling shares to you provided they notify the Distributor of their intention to do so.
Dealers and other entities that enter into special arrangements with the Distributor or the funds’ transfer agent, Virtus Fund Services, LLC (the “Transfer Agent”), may receive compensation for the sale and promotion of shares of these funds. Such fees are in addition to the sales commissions referenced above and may be based upon the amount of
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sales of fund shares by a dealer; the provision of assistance in marketing of fund shares; access to sales personnel and information dissemination services; and other criteria as established by the Distributor. Depending on the nature of the services, these fees may be paid either from the funds through distribution fees, service fees or, in some cases, the Distributor may pay certain fees from its own profits and resources.
Dealers and other entities that enter into special arrangements with the Distributor or the Transfer Agent may receive compensation from or on behalf of the funds for providing certain recordkeeping and related services to the funds or their shareholders. These fees may also be referred to as shareholder accounting fees, administrative services fees, sub-transfer agent fees or networking fees. They are not for the sale, promotion or marketing of fund shares.
From its own profits and resources, the Distributor may, from time to time, make payments to qualified wholesalers, registered financial institutions and third party marketers for marketing support services and/or retention of assets. These payments are sometimes referred to as “revenue sharing.” Among others, the Distributor has agreed to make such payments for marketing support services to AXA Advisors, LLC. Additionally, for Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund and Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund, the Distributor may pay broker-dealers a finder’s fee in an amount equal to 0.50% of eligible Class A Share purchases from $250,000 to $3,000,000 and 0.25% on amounts greater than $3,000,000. For all other Virtus fixed income funds and Virtus Rampart Sector Trend Fund, the Distributor may pay broker-dealers a finder’s fee in an amount equal to 0.50% of eligible Class A Share purchases from $1,000,000 to $3,000,000 and 0.25% on amounts greater than $3,000,000. For all other Virtus Mutual Funds, the Distributor may pay broker-dealers a finder’s fee in an amount equal to 1.00% of eligible Class A Share purchases from $1,000,000 to $3,000,000, 0.50% on amounts of  $3,000,001 to $10,000,000, and 0.25% on amounts greater than $10,000,000. Purchases of Class A Shares by an account in the name of a qualified employee benefit plan are eligible for a finder’s fee only if such plan has at least 100 eligible employees. A CDSC may be imposed on certain redemptions of such Class A investments. For Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund and Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund, the CDSC may be imposed on redemptions within 12 months of a finder’s fee being paid; for all other funds, the CDSC may be imposed on redemptions within 18 months of a finder’s fee being paid. For all Virtus fixed income funds and Virtus Rampart Sector Trend Fund, the CDSC is 0.50%; for all other Virtus Mutual Funds, the CDSC is 1.00%. For purposes of determining the applicability of the CDSC, the 12- or 18-month period, as applicable, begins on the last day of the month preceding the month in which the purchase was made. The Distributor will also pay broker-dealers a service fee of 0.25% beginning in the thirteenth month following purchase of Class A Shares on which a finder’s fee has been paid. VP Distributors reserves the right to discontinue or alter such fee payment plans at any time. Dealers must have an aggregate value of  $50,000 or more per Fund CUSIP to qualify for payment. VP Distributors reserves the right to discontinue or alter such fee payment plans at any time.
From its own resources or pursuant to the distribution and shareholder servicing plans, and subject to the dealers’ prior approval, the Distributor may provide additional compensation to registered representatives of dealers in the form of travel expenses, meals, and lodging associated with training and educational meetings sponsored by the Distributor. The Distributor may also provide gifts amounting in value to less than $100, and occasional meals or entertainment, to registered representatives of dealers. Any such travel expenses, meals, lodging, gifts or entertainment paid will not be preconditioned upon the registered representatives’ or dealers’ achievement of a sales target. The Distributor may, from time to time, reallow the entire portion of the sales charge on Class A Shares which it normally retains to individual selling dealers. However, such additional reallowance generally will be made only when the selling dealer commits to substantial marketing support such as internal wholesaling through dedicated personnel, internal communications and mass mailings.
The Distributor has also agreed to pay fees to certain distributors for preferred marketing opportunities. These arrangements may be viewed as creating a conflict of interest between these distributors and investors. Investors should make due inquiry of their selling agents to ensure that they are receiving the requisite point of sale disclosures and suitable recommendations free of any influence by reason of these arrangements.
The categories of payments the Distributor and/or the Transfer Agent may make to other parties are not mutually exclusive, and such parties may receive payments under more than one or all categories. These payments could be significant to a party receiving them, creating a conflict of interest for such party in making investment recommendations to investors. Investors should make due inquiry of any party recommending the funds for purchase to ensure that such investors are receiving the requisite point of sale disclosures and suitable recommendations free of any influence by reason of these arrangements.
A document containing information about sales charges, including breakpoint (volume) discounts, is available free of charge on the Internet at virtus.com . In the Individual Investors section, go to the tab “Investors Knowledge Base” and click on the link for Breakpoint (Volume) Discounts.
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Class R6 Shares Only
No compensation, administrative payments, sub-transfer agency payments or service payments are paid to brokers or other entities from fund assets or the Distributor’s or an affiliate’s resources on sales of or investments in Class R6 Shares. Class R6 Shares do not carry sales commissions or pay Rule 12b-1 fees, or make payments to brokers or other entities to assist in, or in connection with, the sale of the fund’s shares.
Class T Shares Only
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
Sales Charge as a
Percentage of Offering
Price
Sales Charge as a
Percentage of Amount
Invested
Dealer Discount as a
Percentage of Offering
Price
Under $250,000 2.50 % 2.56 % 2.50 %
$250,000 but under $500,000 2.00 2.04 2.00
$500,000 but under $1,000,000 1.50 1.52 1.50
$1,000,000 or more 1.00 1.01 1.00
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Your Account
Opening an Account
Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class I Shares Only
Your financial advisor can assist you with your initial purchase as well as all phases of your investment program. If you are opening an account by yourself, please follow the instructions outlined below.
The funds have established the following preferred methods of payment for fund shares:

Checks drawn on an account in the name of the investor and made payable to Virtus Mutual Funds;

Checks drawn on an account in the name of the investor’s company or employer and made payable to Virtus Mutual Funds; or

Wire transfers or Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) transfers from an account in the name of the investor, or the investor’s company or employer.
Payment in other forms may be accepted at the discretion of the funds; however, the funds generally do not accept such other forms of payment as cash equivalents (such as traveler’s checks, cashier’s checks, money orders or bank drafts), starter checks, credit card convenience checks, or certain third party checks. Please specify the name(s) of the fund or funds in which you would like to invest on the check or transfer instructions.
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. Accordingly, when you open an account, we will ask for your name, address, date of birth and other information that will allow us to identify you. We may check the information you provide against publicly available databases, information obtained from consumer reporting agencies, other financial institutions or other sources. If, after reasonable effort, we cannot verify your identity, we reserve the right to close the account and redeem the shares at the NAV next calculated after the decision is made by us to close the account.
Step 1.
Your first choice will be the initial amount you intend to invest in each fund.
Minimum initial investments applicable to Class A and Class C Shares:

$100 for individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”), accounts that use the systematic exchange privilege, or accounts that use the Systematic Purchase program. (See Investor Services and Other Information for additional details.)

There is no initial dollar requirement for defined contribution plans, asset-based fee programs, profit-sharing plans, or employee benefit plans. There is also no minimum for reinvesting dividends and capital gains into another account.

$2,500 for all other accounts.
Minimum additional investments applicable to Class A and Class C Shares:

$100 for any account.

There is no minimum additional investment requirement for defined contribution plans, asset-based fee programs, profit-sharing plans, or employee benefit plans. There is also no minimum additional investment requirement for reinvesting dividends and capital gains into another account.
Minimum initial investments applicable to Class I Shares:

$100,000 for any account for qualified investors. (Call Virtus Fund Services at 800-243-1574 for additional details.)
There is no minimum additional investment requirement applicable to Class I Shares.
Step 2.
Your second choice will be what class of shares to buy. Each share class, except Class I Shares and Class R6 Shares, has different sales and distribution charges. Because all future investments in your account will be made in the share class you choose when you open your account, you should make your decision carefully. Your financial advisor can help you pick the share class that makes the most sense for your situation.
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Step 3.
Your next choice will be how you want to receive any dividends and capital gain distributions. Your options are:

Receive both dividends and capital gain distributions in additional shares;

Receive dividends in additional shares and capital gain distributions in cash;

Receive dividends in cash and capital gain distributions in additional shares; or

Receive both dividends and capital gain distributions in cash.
No interest will be paid on uncashed distribution checks.
Class R6 Shares Only
If you are investing through a qualified retirement plan, bank or trust company, insurance company, registered investment company or non-qualified deferred compensation plan, your financial institution or financial intermediary will provide you with the information you need to open an account and buy Class R6 Shares. If you are a qualified institutional investor, please refer to the instructions above for Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class I Shares, except for the application of any minimum initial and/or additional purchase requirements.
Class T Shares Only
Class T Shares are available only through financial intermediaries. Your financial intermediary will provide you with the information you need to open an account and to buy Class T Shares.
All Share Classes
The funds reserve the right to refuse any purchase order for any reason. The fund will notify the investor of any such rejection in accordance with industry and regulatory standards, which is generally within three business days.
How to Buy Shares
Class A, Class C and Class I Shares Only
To Open An Account
Through a financial advisor Contact your advisor. Some advisors may charge a fee and may set different minimum investments or limitations on buying shares.
Through the mail Complete a new account application and send it with a check payable to the fund. Mail them to: Virtus Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 9874, Providence, RI 02940-8074.
Through express delivery Complete a new account application and send it with a check payable to the fund. Send them to: Virtus Mutual Funds, 4400 Computer Drive, Westborough, MA 01581-1722.
By Federal Funds wire Call us at 800-243-1574 (press 1, then 0).
By Systematic Purchase Complete the appropriate section on the application and send it with your initial investment payable to the fund. Mail them to: Virtus Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 9874, Providence, RI 02940-8074.
By telephone exchange Call us at 800-243-1574 (press 1, then 0).
Class R6 Shares Only
If you are investing through a qualified retirement plan, bank or trust company, insurance company, registered investment company or non-qualified deferred compensation plan, your financial institution or financial intermediary will provide you with the information you need to buy Class R6 Shares. If you are a qualified institutional investor, please refer to the instructions above for Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class I Shares.
Class T Shares Only
Class T Shares are available only through financial intermediaries. Your financial intermediary will provide you with the information you need to buy Class T Shares.
All Share Classes
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The price at which a purchase is effected is based on the NAV next determined after receipt of a purchase order in good order by the funds’ Transfer Agent or an authorized agent. A purchase order is generally in “good order” if an acceptable form of payment accompanies the purchase order and the order includes the appropriate application(s) and/or other form(s) and any supporting legal documentation required by the fund's Transfer Agent or an authorized agent, each in legible form.
Each fund reserves the right to refuse any order that may disrupt the efficient management of that fund.
How to Sell Shares
Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class I Shares Only
To Sell Shares
Through a financial advisor Contact your advisor. Some advisors may charge a fee and may set different minimums on redemptions of accounts.
Through the mail Send a letter of instruction to: Virtus Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 9874, Providence, RI 02940-8074. Be sure to include the registered owner’s name, fund and account number, and number of shares or dollar value you wish to sell.
Through express delivery Send a letter of instruction to: Virtus Mutual Funds, 4400 Computer Drive, Westborough, MA 01581-1722. Be sure to include the registered owner’s name, fund and account number, and number of shares or dollar value you wish to sell.
By telephone For sales up to $50,000, requests can be made by calling 800- 243-1574.
By telephone exchange Call us at 800-243-1574 (press 1, then 0).
Class R6 Shares Only
If you are investing through a qualified retirement plan, bank or trust company, insurance company, registered investment company or non-qualified deferred compensation plan, your financial institution or financial intermediary will provide you with the information you need to sell Class R6 Shares. If you are a qualified institutional investor, please refer to the instructions above for Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class I Shares.
Class T Shares Only
Class T Shares are available only through financial intermediaries. Your financial intermediary will provide you with the information you need to sell Class T Shares.
All Share Classes
You have the right to have the funds buy back shares at the NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in good order by the funds' Transfer Agent or an authorized agent. In the case of a Class C Share redemption, and certain Class A Share redemptions, you will be subject to the applicable contingent deferred sales charge, if any, for such shares. Subject to certain restrictions, shares may be redeemed by telephone or in writing. In addition, shares may be sold through securities dealers, brokers or agents who may charge customary commissions or fees for their services. The funds do not charge any redemption fees.
Regardless of the method used by the fund for payment (e.g., check, wire or electronic transfer (ACH)), payment for shares redeemed will normally be sent one business day after the request is received in good order by the transfer agent, or one business day after the trade has settled for trades submitted through the NSCC, but will in any case be made within seven days after tender. The right to redeem shares may be suspended and payment postponed during periods when the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings, or if permitted by rules of the SEC, during periods when trading on the NYSE is restricted or during any emergency which makes it impracticable for a fund to dispose of its securities or to determine fairly the value of its net assets or during any other period permitted by order of the SEC for the protection of investors. Furthermore, the Transfer Agent will not mail redemption proceeds until checks received for shares purchased have cleared, which may take up to 15 days or more.
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Things You Should Know When Selling Shares
You may realize a taxable gain or loss (for federal income tax purposes) if you redeem or exchange shares of the funds.
Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class I Shares
Redemption requests will not be honored until all required documents, in proper form, have been received. Additional documentation will be required for redemptions by organizations, fiduciaries, or retirement plans, or if a redemption is requested by anyone but the shareholder(s) of record. To avoid delay in redemption or transfer, shareholders having questions about specific requirements should contact the funds’ Transfer Agent at 800-243-1574.
Transfers between broker-dealer “street” accounts are governed by the accepting broker-dealer. Questions regarding this type of transfer should be directed to your financial advisor.
As stated in the applicable account applications, accounts associated with certain types of retirement plans and individual retirement accounts may incur fees payable to the Transfer Agent in the event of redeeming an account in full. Shareholders with questions about this should contact the funds’ Transfer Agent at 800-243-1574.
Redemptions by Mail
➔ If you are selling shares held individually, jointly, or as custodian under the Uniform Gifts to Minors Act or Uniform Transfers to Minors Act:
Send a clear letter of instruction if both of these apply:

The proceeds do not exceed $50,000.

The proceeds are payable to the registered owner at the address on record.
Send a clear letter of instructions with a signature guarantee when any of these apply:

You are selling more than $50,000 worth of shares.

The name or address on the account has changed within the last 30 days.

You want the proceeds to go to a different name or address than on the account.
➔ If you are selling shares held in a corporate or fiduciary account, please contact the funds’ Transfer Agent at 800-243-1574.
The signature guarantee, if required, must be a STAMP 2000 Medallion guarantee made by an eligible guarantor institution as defined by the funds’ Transfer Agent in accordance with its signature guarantee procedures. Guarantees using previous technology medallions will not be accepted. As of the date of this prospectus, the Transfer Agent’s signature guarantee procedures generally permit guarantees by banks, broker-dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations.
Selling Shares by Telephone
The Transfer Agent will use reasonable procedures to confirm that telephone instructions are genuine. Address and bank account information are verified, redemption instructions are taped, and all redemptions are confirmed in writing.
The individual investor bears the risk from instructions given by an unauthorized third party that the Transfer Agent reasonably believed to be genuine.
The Transfer Agent may modify or terminate the telephone redemption privilege at any time with 60 days’ notice to shareholders, except for instances of disruptive trading or market timing; in such cases, the telephone redemption privilege may be suspended immediately, followed by written notice. (See “Disruptive Trading and Market Timing” in this prospectus.)
During times of drastic economic or market changes, telephone redemptions may be difficult to make or temporarily suspended; however, shareholders would be able to make redemptions through other methods described above.
Class R6 Shares Only
If you are investing through a qualified retirement plan, bank or trust company, insurance company, registered investment company or non-qualified deferred compensation plan, your financial institution or financial intermediary will provide you with the information you need to know when selling Class R6 Shares. If you are a qualified institutional investor, please refer to the instructions above for Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class I Shares.
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Class T Shares Only
Class T Shares are available only through financial intermediaries. Your financial intermediary will provide you with the information you need to know when selling Class T Shares.
All Share Classes
Payment of Redemptions In Kind
Each fund reserves the right to pay large redemptions “in kind” (i.e., in securities owned by the fund) rather than in cash. Large redemptions are those that exceed $250,000 or 1% of the fund’s net assets, whichever is less, over any 90-day period. Additional documentation will be required for redemptions by organizations, fiduciaries, or retirement plans, or if a redemption is requested by anyone but the shareholder(s) of record. Investors who are paid redemption proceeds in kind will receive a pro rata share of the fund’s portfolio, which may include illiquid securities. Any securities received remain at market risk until sold. Brokerage commissions and capital gains may be incurred when converting securities received into cash. On any illiquid securities received, the investor will bear the risk of not being able to sell the securities at all.
Account Policies
Account Reinstatement Privilege
Subject to the fund’s policies and procedures regarding market timing, for 180 days after you sell your Class A Shares on which you previously paid a sales charge, you may purchase Class A Shares of the fund or of any Virtus Mutual Fund at NAV, with no sales charge, by reinvesting all or part of your proceeds, but not more. Send your written request to Virtus Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 9874, Providence, RI 02940-8074. You can call Virtus Mutual Funds at 800-243-1574 for more information.
Please remember, a redemption and reinvestment are considered to be a sale and purchase for tax-reporting purposes.
Annual Fee on Small Accounts
To help offset the costs associated with maintaining small accounts, the funds reserve the right to assess an annual $25 small account fee on fund accounts with a balance below $2,500. The small account fee may be waived in certain circumstances, such as for accounts that have elected electronic delivery of statements/regulatory documents and accounts owned by shareholders having multiple accounts with a combined value of over $25,000. The small account fee does not apply to accounts held through a financial intermediary.
The small account fee will be collected through the automatic sale of shares in your account. We will send you written notice before we charge the $25 fee so that you may increase your account balance above the minimum, sign up for electronic delivery, consolidate your accounts or liquidate your account. You may take these actions at any time by contacting your investment professional or the Transfer Agent.
Redemption of Small Accounts
Due to the high cost of maintaining small accounts, if your redemption activity causes your account balance to fall below $200, you may receive a notice requesting you to bring the balance up to $200 within 60 days. If you do not, the shares in the account will be sold at NAV, and a check will be mailed to the address of record. Any applicable sales charges will be deducted.
Distributions of Small Amounts
Distributions in amounts less than $10 will automatically be reinvested in additional shares of the fund.
Uncashed Checks
If any correspondence sent by a fund is returned by the postal or other delivery service as “undeliverable,” your dividends or any other distribution may be automatically reinvested in the fund.
If your distribution check is not cashed within six months, the distribution may be reinvested in the fund at the current NAV. You will not receive any interest on uncashed distribution or redemption checks. This provision may not apply to certain retirement or qualified accounts.
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Inactive Accounts
As required by the laws of certain states, if no activity occurs in an account within the time period specified by your state law, Virtus may be required to transfer the assets to your state under the state's abandoned property law.
Exchange Privileges
You should read the prospectus of the Virtus Mutual Fund(s) into which you want to make an exchange before deciding to make an exchange. You can obtain a prospectus from your financial advisor; by calling 800-243-4361; or on the Internet at virtus.com .

You may exchange shares of one fund for the same class of shares of another Virtus Mutual Fund ( e.g. , Class A Shares for Class A Shares). Class C Shares are also exchangeable for Class C1 Shares of those Virtus Mutual Funds offering them. Exchange privileges may not be available for all Virtus Mutual Funds and may be rejected or suspended.

Exchanges may be made by telephone (800-243-1574) or by mail (Virtus Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 9874, Providence, RI 02940-8074).

The amount of the exchange must be equal to or greater than the minimum initial investment required, unless the minimum has been waived (as described in the SAI).

The exchange of shares of one fund for shares of a different fund is treated as a sale of the original fund's shares and any gain on the transaction may be subject to federal income tax.

In certain circumstances, a fund, the Distributor or the Transfer Agent may enter into an agreement with a financial intermediary to permit exchanges from one class of a fund into another class of the same fund, subject to certain conditions. Such exchanges will only be permitted if, among other things, the financial intermediary agrees to follow procedures established by the fund, the Distributor or the Transfer Agent, which generally will require that the exchanges be carried out (i) within accounts maintained and controlled by the intermediary, (ii) on behalf of all or a particular segment of beneficial owners holding shares of the affected fund within those accounts, and (iii) all at once or within a given time period, or as agreed upon in writing by the fund, the Distributor or the Transfer Agent, and the financial intermediary. Shareholders owning shares of a fund through accounts established directly with the Transfer Agent (i.e., not using a financial intermediary) may be permitted to exchange shares of one class of the fund into another class of the same fund, at the discretion of the fund or the Transfer Agent. A shareholder’s ability to make this type of exchange may be limited by operational or other limitations of his or her financial intermediary or the fund. Under the Code, generally if a shareholder exchanges shares from one class of a fund into another class of the same fund, the transaction should not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes; however, each shareholder should consult both the relevant financial intermediary and the shareholder’s tax advisor regarding the treatment of any specific exchange carried out under the terms of this paragraph.

If your financial intermediary exchanges Class A Shares for which you already paid an initial sales charge for Class T Shares, the shares subject to the exchange will not be subject to a sales charge.
Disruptive Trading and Market Timing
These funds are not suitable for market timers, and market timers are discouraged from becoming investors. Your ability to make exchanges among Virtus Mutual Funds is subject to modification if we determine, in our sole opinion, that your exercise of the exchange privilege may disadvantage or potentially harm the rights or interests of other shareholders.
Frequent purchases, redemptions and exchanges, programmed exchanges, exchanges into and then out of a fund in a short period of time, and exchanges of large amounts at one time may be indicative of market timing and otherwise disruptive trading (“Disruptive Trading”) which can have risks and harmful effects for other shareholders. These risks and harmful effects include:

dilution of the interests of long-term investors, if market timers or others exchange into a fund at prices that are below the true value or exchange out of a fund at prices that are higher than the true value;

an adverse effect on portfolio management, as determined by the adviser or subadviser in its sole discretion, such as causing a fund to maintain a higher level of cash than would otherwise be the case, or causing a fund to liquidate investments prematurely; and

reducing returns to long-term shareholders through increased brokerage and administrative expenses.
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Additionally, the nature of the portfolio holdings of certain funds (or the underlying funds as applicable), may expose those funds to investors who engage in the type of market timing trading that seeks to take advantage of possible delays between the change in the value of a mutual fund’s portfolio holdings and the reflection of the change in the NAV of the fund’s shares, sometimes referred to as “time-zone arbitrage.” Arbitrage market timers seek to exploit possible delays between the change in the value of a mutual fund’s portfolio holdings and the NAV of the fund’s shares in funds that hold significant investments in foreign securities because certain foreign markets close several hours ahead of the U.S. markets. If an arbitrageur is successful, the value of the fund’s shares may be diluted if redeeming shareholders receive proceeds (and buying shareholders receive shares) based upon NAVs which do not reflect appropriate fair value prices.
In order to attempt to protect our shareholders from the potential harmful effects of Disruptive Trading, the funds’ Board of Trustees has adopted market timing policies and procedures designed to discourage Disruptive Trading. The Board of Trustees has adopted these policies and procedures as a preventive measure to protect all shareholders from the potential effects of Disruptive Trading, while also abiding by any rights that shareholders may have to make exchanges and provide reasonable and convenient methods of making exchanges that do not have the potential to harm other shareholders.
Excessive trading activity is measured by the number of roundtrip transactions in an account. A roundtrip transaction is one where a shareholder buys and then sells, or sells and then buys, shares of any fund within 30 days. Shareholders of the funds are limited to one roundtrip transaction within any rolling 30-day period. Roundtrip transactions are counted at the shareholder level. In considering a shareholder’s trading activity, the funds may consider, among other factors, the shareholder’s trading history both directly and, if known, through financial intermediaries, in the funds, in other funds within the Virtus Mutual Fund complex, in non-Virtus funds or in accounts under common control or ownership. We do not include exchanges made pursuant to the dollar cost averaging or other similar programs when applying our market timing policies. Systematic withdrawal and/or contribution programs, mandatory retirement distributions, and transactions initiated by a plan sponsor also will not count towards the roundtrip limits. The funds may permit exchanges that management believes, in the exercise of their judgment, are not disruptive. The size of the fund and the size of the requested transaction may be considered when determining whether or not the transaction would be disruptive.
Shareholders holding shares for at least 30 days following investment will ordinarily be in compliance with the funds’ policies regarding excessive trading activity. The funds may, however, take action if activity is deemed disruptive even if shares are held longer than 30 days, such as a request for a transaction of an unusually large size. The size of the fund and the size of the requested transaction may be considered when determining whether or not the transaction would be disruptive.
Under our market timing policies, we may modify your exchange privileges for some or all of the funds by not accepting an exchange request from you or from any person, asset allocation service, and/or market timing service made on your behalf. We may also limit the amount that may be exchanged into or out of any fund at any one time, or may revoke your right to make Internet, telephone or facsimile exchanges. We may reinstate Internet, telephone and facsimile exchange privileges after they are revoked, but we will not reinstate these privileges if we have reason to believe that they might be used thereafter for Disruptive Trading.
The funds currently do not charge exchange or redemption fees, or any other administrative charges on fund exchanges. The funds reserve the right to impose such fees and/or charges in the future.
Orders for the purchase of fund shares are subject to acceptance by the relevant fund. We reserve the right to reject, without prior notice, any exchange request into any fund if the purchase of shares in the corresponding fund is not accepted for any reason.
The funds do not have any arrangements with any person, organization or entity to permit frequent purchases and redemptions of fund shares.
We may, without prior notice, take whatever action we deem appropriate to comply with or take advantage of any state or federal regulatory requirement. The funds reserve the right to reject any purchase or exchange transaction at any time. If we reject a purchase or exchange for any reason, we will notify you of our decision in writing.
The funds cannot guarantee that their policies and procedures regarding market timing will be effective in detecting and deterring all Disruptive Trading.
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Retirement Plans
Shares of the funds may be used as investments under the following retirement plans: traditional IRA, rollover IRA, SEP-IRA, SIMPLE IRA, Roth IRA, 401(k) plans, profit-sharing, money purchase plans, and certain 403(b) plans. For more information, call 800-243-4361.
Investor Services and Other Information
Systematic Purchase is a systematic investment plan that allows you to have a specified amount automatically deducted from your checking or savings account and then deposited into your mutual fund account. (Complete the “Systematic Purchase” section on the application and include a voided check.)
Systematic Exchange allows you to automatically move money from one Virtus Mutual Fund to another on a monthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual basis. Shares of one Virtus Mutual Fund will be exchanged for shares of the same class of another Virtus Mutual Fund at the interval you select. (Complete the “Systematic Exchange” section on the application.) Exchange privileges may not be available for all Virtus Mutual Funds and may be rejected or suspended.
Telephone Exchange lets you exchange shares of one Virtus Mutual Fund for the same class of shares in another Virtus Mutual Fund, using our customer service telephone number (800-243-1574). (See the “Telephone Exchange” section on the application.) Exchange privileges may not be available for all Virtus Mutual Funds and may be rejected or suspended.
Systematic Withdrawal allows you to periodically redeem a portion of your account on a predetermined monthly, quarterly, semiannual, or annual basis. Sufficient shares from your account will be redeemed at the closing NAV on the applicable payment date, with proceeds to be mailed to you or sent through ACH to your bank (at your selection). For payments to be mailed, shares will be redeemed on the 15 th of the month so that the payment is made about the 20 th of the month. For ACH payments, you may select the day of the month for the payments to be made; if no date is specified, the payments will occur on the 15 th of the month. The minimum withdrawal is $25, and minimum account balance requirements continue to apply. Shareholders in the program must own Virtus Mutual Fund shares worth at least $5,000.
Disclosure of Fund Portfolio Holdings. A description of the funds' policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the funds' portfolio securities is available in the SAI.
Tax Status of Distributions
The funds plan to make distributions from net investment income at intervals stated in the table below and to distribute net realized capital gains, if any, at least annually.
Fund
Dividend Paid
Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund Semiannually
Distributions of short-term capital gains (gains on securities held for a year or less) and net investment income are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Certain distributions of long-term capital gains and certain dividends are taxable at a lower rate than ordinary income. Long-term capital gains, if any, which are distributed to shareholders and which are designated by a fund as capital gain distributions, are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain distributions regardless of the length of time you have owned your shares.
Unless you elect to receive distributions in cash, dividends and capital gain distributions are paid in additional shares. All distributions, whether paid in cash or in additional shares, are subject to federal income tax and may be subject to state, local and other taxes.
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Financial Highlights
As of the date of this prospectus, the fund has not commenced operations; therefore, financial highlights for the fund are not shown here.
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This Appendix A is part of, and is incorporated into, the prospectus.
Appendix A
Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers
Specific intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales load waivers or CDSC waivers, which are discussed below. In all instances, it is the purchaser's responsibility to notify the fund or the purchaser's financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, in order to receive these waivers or discounts shareholders will have to purchase fund shares through another intermediary offering such waivers or discounts or directly from the fund if the fund offers such waivers or discounts. Please see the section entitled “Sales Charges – What arrangement is best for you?” for more information on sales charges and waivers available for different classes.
Merrill Lynch
Effective April 10, 2017, shareholders purchasing fund shares through a Merrill Lynch platform or account will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this fund's prospectus or SAI.
Front-end Sales Load Waivers on Class A Shares available at Merrill Lynch

Employer-sponsored retirement, deferred compensation and employee benefit plans (including health savings accounts) and trusts used to fund those plans, provided that the shares are not held in a commission-based brokerage account and shares are held for the benefit of the plan.

Shares purchased by or through a 529 Plan.

Shares purchased through a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program.

Shares purchased by third party investment advisors on behalf of their advisory clients through Merrill Lynch's platform.

Shares of funds purchased through the Merrill Edge Self-Directed platform.

Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family).

Shares exchanged from Class C (i.e. level-load) shares of the same fund in the month of or following the 10-year anniversary of the purchase date.

Employees and registered representatives of Merrill Lynch or its affiliates and their family members.

Trustees of the fund, and employees of the fund's investment adviser or any of its affiliates, as described in this prospectus.

Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement).
CDSC Waivers on Class A Shares and Class C Shares available at Merrill Lynch

Death or disability of the shareholder.

Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the Fund’s prospectus

Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account.

Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70½.

Shares sold to pay Merrill Lynch fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Merrill Lynch

Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement.

Shares held in retirement brokerage accounts, that are exchanged for a lower cost share class due to transfer to certain fee based accounts or platforms (applicable to A and C shares only).
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Front-end Load Discounts on Class A Shares Available at Merrill Lynch: Breakpoints, Rights of Accumulation & Letters of Intent

Breakpoints as described in this prospectus.

Rights of Accumulation (ROA) which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchaser’s household at Merrill Lynch. Eligible fund family assets not held at Merrill Lynch may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets.

Letters of Intent (LOI) which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within a fund family, through Merrill Lynch, over a 13-month period of time.
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Virtus Mutual Funds
P.O. Box 9874
Providence, RI 02940-8074
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
You can find more information about the funds in the following documents:
Appendix A – Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers
Appendix A – Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers contains more information about specific sales charge discounts and waivers available for shareholders who purchase fund shares through a specific intermediary. Appendix A is incorporated hereby by reference and is legally part of this prospectus.
Annual and Semiannual Reports
Annual and semiannual reports contain more information about the funds’ investments. The annual report discusses the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the funds’ performance during the last fiscal year.
Statement of Additional Information (SAI)
The SAI contains more detailed information about the funds. It is incorporated by reference and is legally part of the prospectus.
To obtain free copies of these documents, you can download copies from the Individual Investors section of our website, virtus.com , or you can request copies by calling Virtus Fund Services toll-free at 800-243-1574. You may also call this number to request other information about the funds or to make shareholder inquiries.
Information about the funds (including the SAI) can be reviewed and copied at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. For information about the operation of the Public Reference Room, call 202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the funds are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s Internet site at sec.gov . You may also obtain copies upon payment of a duplicating fee by writing the Public Reference Section of the SEC, Washington, DC 20549-6009 or by electronic request at publicinfo@sec.gov .
Virtus Fund Services: 800-243-1574
Daily NAV Information
The daily NAV for each fund may be obtained from the Our Products section of our website, virtus.com .
Investment Company Act File No. 811-00945
XXXX
[3-18]​

     

 

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Virtus Equity Trust
101 Munson Street
Greenfield, MA 01301
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
[March __, 2018]
Virtus Equity Trust (the “Trust”) is an open-end management investment company issuing shares in [12] separate series or “Funds”, all of which are publicly offered and described herein:
TICKER SYMBOL BY CLASS
FUND
A
C
I
R6
T
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund
FMIVX
FMICX
PIMVX
VMVRX
VCVTX
Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund
PSTAX
SSTFX
PLXGX
VSTGX
Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund
PPTAX
PPTCX
PIPTX
VGQTX
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund
VMACX
VMCCX
VIMCX
VTMCX
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund
PHSKX
PSKCX
PICMX
VMGTX
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund
PKSAX
PKSCX
PKSFX
VSCRX
VTSCX
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund
PSGAX
PSGCX
PXSGX
VSGTX
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund
PQSAX
PQSCX
PXQSX
VQSRX
VQSTX
Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund
[TBD]
[TBD]
[TBD]
[TBD]
[TBD]
Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund
PDIAX
PGICX
PXIIX
VTECX
Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund
PHBLX
PSBCX
VSATX
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund
NAINX
POICX
VXTTX
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) relates to the Class A, Class C, Class I, Class R6 and Class T shares of the Funds. This SAI is not a prospectus, and it should be read in conjunction with the Prospectuses for the Funds dated [March __, 2018, as described below and as supplemented and amended from time to time. Each Fund’s Prospectuses are incorporated by reference into this SAI, and the portions of this SAI that relate to each Fund have been incorporated by reference into such Fund’s Prospectuses. The portions of this SAI that do not relate to a Fund do not form a part of such Fund’s SAI, have not been incorporated by reference into such Fund’s Prospectuses and should not be relied upon by investors in such Fund.
The Prospectuses may be obtained by downloading them from virtus.com ; by calling VP Distributors, LLC at 800.243.1574; or by writing to the Distributor at 100 Pearl Street, Hartford, CT 06103.
Capitalized terms used and not defined herein have the same meanings as those used in the Prospectuses.
The audited financial statements appear in each Fund’s annual report for its most recent fiscal year. The financial statements from the foregoing annual report are incorporated herein by reference. Shareholders may obtain a copy of the Annual Report dated September 30, 2017, without charge, by calling 800.243.1574 or by downloading it from virtus.com . The financial statements from the foregoing annual and semiannual reports are incorporated herein by reference.
Transfer Agent: 800.243.1574
Adviser Consulting Group: 800.243.4361
Telephone Orders: 800.367.5877
Web Site: virtus.com

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Glossary
1933 Act The Securities Act of 1933, as amended
1940 Act The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended
ACH Automated Clearing House, a nationwide electronic money transfer system that provides for the inter-bank clearing of credit and debit transactions and for the exchange of information among participating financial institutions
Administrator The Trust’s administrative agent, Virtus Fund Services, LLC
ADRs American Depositary Receipts
ADSs American Depositary Shares
Adviser The investment adviser to the Funds, Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc.
BNY Mellon BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc., the sub-administrative and accounting agent for the Funds
Board The Board of Trustees of Virtus Equity Trust (also referred to herein as the “Trustees”)
Capital Growth Fund Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund
CCO Chief Compliance Officer
CDRs Continental Depositary Receipts (another name for EDRs)
CDSC Contingent Deferred Sales Charge
CEA Commodity Exchange Act, which is the U.S. law governing trading in commodity futures
CFTC Commodity Futures Trading Commission, which is the U.S. regulator governing trading in commodity futures
Code The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which is the law governing U.S. federal taxes
Contrarian Value Fund Virtus Contrarian Value Fund
Custodian The custodian of the Funds’ assets, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Distributor The principal underwriter of shares of the Funds, VP Distributors, LLC
Duff  & Phelps Duff  & Phelps Investment Management Co., subadviser to the Strategic Allocation Fund (international equity portion) and Tactical Allocation Fund (international equity portion)
EDRs European Depositary Receipts (another name for CDRs)
Enhanced Core Equity Fund Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund
ETFs Exchange-traded Funds
FHFA Federal Housing Finance Agency, an independent Federal agency that regulates FNMA, FHLMC and the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks
FHLMC Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, also known as “Freddie Mac”, which is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned entirely by private stockholders
FINRA Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, a self-regulatory organization with authority over registered broker-dealers operating in the United States, including VP Distributors
Fitch Fitch Ratings, Inc.
FNMA Federal National Mortgage Association, also known as “Fannie Mae”, which is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders and subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Funds The series of the Trust discussed in this SAI
GDRs Global Depositary Receipts
GICs Guaranteed Investment Contracts
Global Quality Dividend Fund Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund
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GNMA Government National Mortgage Association, also known as “Ginnie Mae”, which is a wholly-owned United States Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development
IMF International Monetary Fund, an international organization seeking to promote international economic cooperation, international trade, employment and exchange rate stability, among other things
Independent Trustees Those members of the Board who are not “interested persons” as defined by the 1940 Act
IRA Individual Retirement Account
IRS The United States Internal Revenue Service, which is the arm of the U.S. government that administers and enforces the Code
JPMorgan JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
KAR Kayne Anderson Rudnick Investment Management, LLC, subadviser to the Capital Growth Fund, Global Quality Dividend Fund, Mid-Cap Core Fund, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Small-Cap Core Fund, Small-Cap Growth Fund, Small-Cap Value Fund, Small-Mid Cap Core Fund, Strategic Allocation Fund (domestic equity portion) and Tactical Allocation Fund (domestic equity portion)
LIBOR London Interbank Offering Rate, an interest rate at which banks can borrow funds, in marketable size, from other banks in the London interbank market
Mid-Cap Core Fund Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund
Mid-Cap Growth Fund Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund
Moody’s Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.
NAV Net Asset Value, which is the per-share price of a Fund
Newfleet Newfleet Asset Management, LLC, subadviser to the Strategic Allocation Fund (fixed income portion) and Tactical Allocation Fund (fixed income portion)
NYSE New York Stock Exchange
OCC Options Clearing Corporation, a large equity derivatives clearing corporation
PERLS Principal Exchange Rate Linked Securities
PNX Phoenix Life Insurance Company, which is the former parent company of Virtus Investment Partners, Inc., and certain of its corporate affiliates
Prospectuses The prospectuses for the Funds, as amended from time to time
PwC PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust
Rampart Rampart Investment Management Company, LLC, subadviser to the Enhanced Core Equity Fund
Regulations The Treasury Regulations promulgated under the Code
RIC Regulated Investment Company, a designation under the Code indicating a U.S.-registered investment company meeting the specifications under the Code allowing the investment company to be exempt from paying U.S. federal income taxes
S&P Standard & Poor’s Corporation
S&P 500 ® Index The Standard & Poor’s 500 ® Index, which is a free-float market capitalization-weighted index of 500 of the largest U.S. companies, calculated on a total return basis with dividends reinvested
SAI This Statement of Additional Information
Sasco Sasco Capital, Inc., subadviser to the Contrarian Value Fund
SEC U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
SIFMA Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (formerly, the Bond Market Association), a financial industry trade group consisting of broker-dealers and asset managers across the United States
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Small-Cap Core Fund Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund
Small-Cap Growth Fund Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund
Small-Cap Value Fund Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund
SMBS Stripped Mortgage-backed Securities
Strategic Allocation Fund Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund
Tactical Allocation Fund Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund
Transfer Agent The Trust’s transfer agent, Virtus Fund Services, LLC
Trust Virtus Equity Trust
VIA Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc., the Adviser to the Funds
Virtus Virtus Investment Partners, Inc., which is the parent company of the Adviser, the Distributor, the Administrator/Transfer Agent, Duff  & Phelps, KAR, Newfleet and Rampart
Virtus Fund Services Virtus Fund Services, LLC, the Administrator/Transfer Agent to the Funds
Virtus Mutual Funds The family of funds consisting of the Funds, the series of Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, the series of Virtus Asset Trust, the series of Virtus Opportunities Trust and the series of Virtus Retirement Trust
VP Distributors VP Distributors, LLC, the Trust's Distributor
VVIT Virtus Variable Insurance Trust, a separate trust consisting of several series advised by VIA and distributed by VP Distributors
World Bank International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs
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GENERAL INFORMATION AND HISTORY
The Trust was originally incorporated in New York in 1956, and on January 13, 1992, the Trust was reorganized as a Massachusetts business trust under the name of  “National Worldwide Opportunities Fund”. It was reorganized as a Delaware statutory trust on August 17, 2000. The Trust has operated as an open-end, diversified management investment company since May 1960. From June 30, 1993 to November 18, 1998, the Trust was named “Phoenix Worldwide Opportunities Fund”. From November 18, 1998 to June 28, 2004, the Trust was named “Phoenix-Aberdeen Worldwide Opportunities Fund”. From June 28, 2004 to October 20, 2008, the Trust was named “Phoenix Equity Trust”.
The Trust’s Prospectuses describe the investment objectives of the Funds and the strategies that each Fund will employ in seeking to achieve its investment objective. The respective investment objective(s) for each Fund are non-fundamental policies of the Funds that may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval upon 60 days’ notice.
Fund Type
Fund
Investment Objective(s)
Asset Allocation Strategic Income Fund * The fund has investment objectives of reasonable income, long-term capital growth and conservation of capital.
Tactical Allocation Fund * The fund has investment objectives of capital appreciation and income.
Equity Capital Growth Fund * The fund has an investment objective of long-term capital growth.
Contrarian Value Fund * The fund has an investment objective of long-term growth of capital.
Enhanced Core Equity Fund * The fund has investment objectives of capital appreciation and current income.
Global Quality Dividend Fund * The fund has an investment objective of total return, consisting of capital appreciation and current income.
Mid-Cap Core Fund The fund has an investment objective of long-term capital appreciation.
Mid-Cap Growth Fund * The fund has an investment objective of capital appreciation.
Small-Cap Core Fund * The fund has an investment objective of long-term capital appreciation, with dividend income a secondary consideration.
Small-Cap Growth Fund * The fund has an investment objective of long-term capital appreciation.
Small-Cap Value Fund * The fund has an investment objective of long-term capital appreciation.
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund The fund has an investment objective of long-term capital appreciation, with dividend income a secondary consideration.
*
Prior to October 1, 2008, these funds had “Phoenix” in their names instead of  “Virtus”.
Capital Stock and Organization of the Trust
The capitalization of the Trust consists solely of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest. The Trust currently offers shares in different series called Funds and different classes of those Funds. Holders of shares of a Fund have equal rights with regard to voting, redemptions, dividends, distributions, and liquidations with respect to that Fund. Shareholders of all Funds vote on the election of Trustees. On matters affecting an individual Fund (such as approval of an investment advisory agreement or a change in fundamental investment policies) and also on matters affecting an individual class (such as approval of matters relating to a Plan of Distribution for a particular class of shares), a separate vote of that Fund or class is required. The Trust does not hold regular meetings of shareholders of the Funds. The Board will call a meeting of shareholders of a Fund when at least 10% of the outstanding shares of that Fund so request
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in writing. If the Board fails to call a meeting after being so notified, the shareholders may call the meeting. The Board will assist the shareholders by identifying other shareholders or mailing communications, as required under Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act.
Shares are fully paid, nonassessable, redeemable and fully transferable when they are issued. Shares do not have cumulative voting rights, preemptive rights or subscription rights. The assets received by the Trust for the issue or sale of shares of each Fund, and any class thereof and all income, earnings, profits and proceeds thereof, are allocated to such Fund, and class, respectively, subject only to the rights of creditors, and constitute the underlying assets of such Fund or class. The underlying assets of each Fund are required to be segregated on the books of account, and are to be charged with the expenses in respect to such Fund and with a share of the general expenses of the Trust. Any general expenses of the Trust not readily identifiable as belonging to a particular Fund or class will be allocated by or under the direction of the Board as it determines to be fair and equitable. The Trust is not bound to recognize any transfer of shares of a Fund or class until the transfer is recorded on the Trust’s books pursuant to policies and procedures of the Transfer Agent.
As a Delaware statutory trust, the Trust’s operations are governed by its Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 17, 2000, as amended. A copy of the Trust’s Certificate of Trust, as amended, is on file with the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, and a copy of the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust has been filed with the SEC as an exhibit to the Trust’s registration statement. Upon the initial purchase of shares, the shareholder agrees to be bound by the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended. Generally, Delaware statutory trust shareholders are not personally liable for obligations of the Delaware statutory trust under Delaware law. The Delaware Statutory Trust Act (the “Delaware Act”) provides that a shareholder of a Delaware statutory trust shall be entitled to the same limitation of liability extended to shareholders of private for-profit corporations. The Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust expressly provides that the Trust has been organized under the Delaware Act and that the Declaration of Trust is to be governed by Delaware law. It is nevertheless possible that a Delaware statutory trust, such as the Trust, might become a party to an action in another state whose courts refused to apply Delaware law, in which case the Trust’s shareholders could be subject to personal liability. To guard against this risk, the Agreement and Declaration of Trust (i) contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Trust and provides that notice of such disclaimer may be given in each agreement, obligation and instrument entered into or executed by the Trust or its Trustees, (ii) provides for the indemnification out of Trust property of any shareholders held personally liable for any obligations of the Trust or any series of the Trust by reason of a claim or demand relating to such person being or having been a shareholder (as opposed to such person’s acts or omissions), and (iii) provides that the Trust shall, upon request, assume the defense of any claim made against any shareholder for any act or obligation of the Trust and satisfy any judgment thereon. Thus, the risk of a Trust shareholder incurring financial loss beyond his or her investment because of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which all of the following factors are present: (1) a court refused to apply Delaware law; (2) the liability arose under tort law or, if not, no contractual limitation of liability was in effect; and (3) the Trust itself would be unable to meet its obligations. In the light of Delaware law, the nature of the Trust’s business and the nature of its assets, the risk of personal liability to a Fund shareholder is remote.
The Agreement and Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trust shall indemnify each of its Trustees and officers against liabilities and expenses reasonably incurred by them, in connection with, or arising out of, any action, suit or proceeding, threatened against or otherwise involving such Trustee or officer, directly or indirectly, by reason of being or having been a Trustee or officer of the Trust. The Agreement and Declaration of Trust does not authorize the Trust to indemnify any Trustee or officer against any liability to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of or for willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of such person’s duties.
Under the Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Trust is not required to hold annual meetings to elect Trustees or for other purposes. It is not anticipated that the Trust will hold shareholders’ meetings unless required by law or the Declaration of Trust. The Trust will be required to hold a meeting to elect Trustees to fill any existing vacancies on the Board if, at any time, fewer than a majority of the Trustees have been elected by the shareholders of the Trust. The Board is required to call a meeting for the purpose of considering the removal of persons serving as Trustee if requested in writing to do so by the holders of not less than 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust.
Shares of the Trust do not entitle their holders to cumulative voting rights, so that the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Trust may elect all of the Trustees, in which case the holders of the remaining shares would not be able to elect any Trustees. As determined by the Trustees, shareholders are entitled to one vote for each dollar of NAV (number of shares held times the NAV of the applicable class of the applicable Fund).
Pursuant to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Trustees may create additional funds by establishing additional series of shares in the Trust. The establishment of additional series would not affect the interests of current
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shareholders in the existing Funds. Pursuant to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Trustees may establish and issue multiple classes of shares for each Fund.
Each share of each class of a Fund is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of the income earned on the assets belonging to that Fund which are attributable to such class as are declared in the discretion of the Trustees. In the event of the liquidation or dissolution of the Trust, shares of each class of each Fund are entitled to receive their proportionate share of the assets which are attributable to such class of such Fund and which are available for distribution as the Trustees in their sole discretion may determine. Shareholders are not entitled to any preemptive, conversion or subscription rights. All shares, when issued, will be fully paid and non-assessable by the Trust.
Subject to shareholder approval (if then required), the Trustees may authorize each Fund to invest all or part of its investable assets in a single open-end investment company that has substantially the same investment objectives, policies and restrictions as the Fund. As of the date of this SAI, the Trustees do not have any plan to authorize any Fund to so invest its assets.
Diversification of Funds
Each Fund is diversified under the 1940 Act. Each Fund also intends to diversify its assets to the extent necessary to qualify for tax treatment as a regulated investment company under the Code. (For information regarding qualification under the Code, see “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” in this SAI.)
Fund Names and Investment Policies
Each of the Funds other than the Capital Growth Fund, Contrarian Value Fund, Strategic Allocation Fund and Tactical Allocation Fund has a name that suggests a focus on a particular type of investment. In accordance with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act, each of these Funds has adopted a policy that it will, under normal circumstances, invest at least 80% of its assets in investments of the type suggested by its name. For this policy, “assets” means net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes. In addition, in appropriate circumstances, synthetic investments may be included in the 80% basket if they have economic characteristics similar to the other investments included in the basket. A Fund’s policy to invest at least 80% of its assets in such a manner is not a “fundamental” one, which means that it may be changed without a vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding shares as defined in the 1940 Act. However, under Rule 35d-1, shareholders must be given written notice at least 60 days prior to any change by a Fund of its 80% investment policy.
Portfolio Turnover
The portfolio turnover rate of each Fund is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities during the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the Fund's securities (excluding all securities, including options, with maturities at the time of acquisition of one year or less). All long-term securities, including long-term U.S. Government securities, are included. A high rate of portfolio turnover generally involves correspondingly greater brokerage commission expenses, which must be borne directly by the Fund. Turnover rates may vary greatly from year to year as well as within a particular year and also may be affected by cash requirements for redemptions of each Fund's shares by requirements that enable the Trust to receive certain favorable tax treatments. The portfolio turnover rate for each Fund is set forth in its summary prospectus and under "Financial Highlights" in the statutory prospectus.
For the Global Quality Dividend Fund, the increase in the fund’s portfolio turnover rate from 25% for fiscal year 2016 to 119% for fiscal year 2017 was attributable to changes in the fund's investment objective and principal investment strategies which were effective February 1, 2017.
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
The Trustees of the Trust have adopted policies with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio holdings. These policies provide that the Funds’ portfolio holdings information generally may not be disclosed to any party prior to the information becoming public. Certain limited exceptions are described below. Additionally, the Funds’ policies prohibit Virtus and the Funds’ service providers from entering into any agreement to disclose Fund portfolio holdings in exchange for any form of compensation or consideration. These policies apply to disclosures to all categories of persons, including individual investors, institutional investors, intermediaries who sell shares of the Funds, third parties providing services to the Funds (accounting agent, print vendors, etc.), rating and ranking organizations (Lipper, Morningstar, etc.) and affiliated persons of the Funds.
The Board has delegated to the Trust’s Administrator the authority to make decisions regarding requests for information on portfolio holdings prior to public disclosure. The Administrator generally carries out this duty through its chief compliance officer, in consultation with other officers representing various areas of management.
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The Trust’s CCO is responsible for monitoring the use of portfolio holdings information, for the Funds’ compliance with these policies and for providing reports to the Board regarding their compliance, including information with respect to any potential conflicts of interest between the interests of Fund shareholders and those of Virtus and its affiliates identified during the reporting period and how such conflicts were resolved.
Public Disclosures
In accordance with rules established by the SEC, each Fund sends semiannual and annual reports to shareholders that contain a full listing of portfolio holdings as of the second and fourth fiscal quarters, respectively, within 60 days of quarter end. The Funds also disclose complete portfolio holdings as of the end of the first and third fiscal quarters on Form N-Q, which is filed with the SEC within 60 days of quarter end. The Funds’ shareholder reports are available on Virtus’ Web site at virtus.com . Certain Funds also make publicly available on Virtus’ Web site a full listing of portfolio holdings as of the end of each month with a 30-day delay, while other of the Funds make such full listings available as of the end of each quarter with a 15-, 30- or 60-day delay. Portfolio holdings may be released sooner at the Administrator's discretion. Additionally, each Fund provides its top 10 holdings and summary composition data derived from portfolio holdings information on Virtus’ Web site. This information is posted to the Web site at the end of each month with respect to the top 10 holdings, and at the end of each quarter with respect to summary composition information, generally within 10 business days. With respect to certain Funds, the top 10 holdings and summary composition information may be reported on a one-month lag. This information will be available on the Web site until full portfolio holdings information becomes publicly available as described above. The Funds also provide publicly-available portfolio holdings information directly to ratings agencies, the frequency and timing of which is determined under the terms of the contractual arrangements with such agencies, and may provide to financial intermediaries, upon request, monthly portfolio holdings for periods included in publicly-available quarterly portfolio holdings disclosures.
Other Disclosures
The Administrator may authorize the disclosure of non-public portfolio holdings information under certain limited circumstances. The Funds’ policies provide that non-public disclosures of a Fund's portfolio holdings may only be made if  (i) the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for making such disclosure and (ii) the party receiving the non-public information enters into a confidentiality agreement, which includes a duty not to trade on the non-public information. The Administrator will consider any actual or potential conflicts of interest between Virtus and the Funds’ shareholders and will act in the best interest of the Funds’ shareholders with respect to any such disclosure of portfolio holdings information. If a potential conflict can be resolved in a manner that does not present detrimental effects to the Funds’ shareholders, the Administrator may authorize release of portfolio holdings information. Conversely, if the potential conflict cannot be resolved in a manner that does not present detrimental effects to the Funds’ shareholders, the Administrator will not authorize such release.
Ongoing Arrangements to Disclose Portfolio Holdings
As previously authorized by the Funds’ Board and/or the Funds’ Administrator, the Funds periodically disclose non-public portfolio holdings on a confidential basis to various service providers that require such information in order to assist the Funds in their day-to-day operations, as well as public information to certain ratings organizations. In addition to Virtus and its affiliates, the entities receiving non-public portfolio holdings as of the date of this SAI are described in the following table. The table also includes information as to the timing of these entities receiving the portfolio holdings information from the Funds.
Non-Public Portfolio Holdings Information
Type of Service Provider
Name of Service Provider
Timing of Release of Portfolio
Holdings Information
Adviser VIA Daily, with no delay
Subadviser Duff  & Phelps Daily, with no delay
Subadviser KAR Daily, with no delay
Subadviser Newfleet Daily, with no delay
Subadviser Rampart Daily, with no delay
Subadviser Sasco Daily, with no delay
Administrator Virtus Fund Services, LLC Daily, with no delay
Distributor VP Distributors, LLC Daily, with no delay
Custodian JPMorgan Daily, with no delay
Sub-Financial Agent BNY Mellon Daily, with no delay
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Type of Service Provider
Name of Service Provider
Timing of Release of Portfolio
Holdings Information
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm PwC Annual Reporting Period, within 5 business days of end of reporting period
Typesetting and Printing Firm for Financial Reports RR Donnelley & Sons Co. Quarterly, within 15 days of end of reporting period.
Proxy Voting Service Institutional Shareholder Services Daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly depending on subadviser
Reconciliation System for all Funds subadvised by KAR Fiserv, Inc. Daily
Portfolio Redistribution Firms Thomson Financial LLC Quarterly, with 20 day delay
Performance Analytics Firm FactSet Research Systems, Inc Daily, with no delay
Class Action Service Provider Battea Class Action Services, LLC Daily, with no delay
Financial Consulting Firm Rogercasey Monthly, with four day delay
Back-end Compliance Monitoring System Financial Tracking Technologies, LLC Daily, with no delay
Public Portfolio Holdings Information
Portfolio Redistribution Firms Bloomberg, Standard & Poor’s and Thomson Reuters Various frequencies depending on the fund, which includes: Calendar quarter with 30-day delay and fiscal quarter with a 60-day delay.
Rating Agencies Lipper Inc. and Morningstar Various frequencies depending on the fund, which includes: Calendar quarter with 30-day delay and fiscal quarter with a 60-day delay.
Virtus Public Web site Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. Various frequencies depending on the fund, which includes: Calendar quarter with 30-day delay and fiscal quarter with a 60-day delay.
These service providers are required to keep all non-public information confidential and are prohibited from trading based on the information or otherwise using the information except as necessary in providing services to the Funds. There is no guarantee that the Funds’ policies on use and dissemination of holdings information will protect the Funds from the potential misuse of holdings by individuals or firms in possession of such information.
Other Virtus Mutual Funds
In addition to the Funds of the Trust, the funds commonly referred to as “Virtus Mutual Funds” also include the series of Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, Virtus Asset Trust, Virtus Opportunities Trust and Virtus Retirement Trust. Virtus Mutual Funds are generally offered in multiple classes. The following chart shows the share classes offered by each Virtus Mutual Fund as of the date of this SAI:
Trust
Fund
Class/Shares
A
C
C1
I
R
R6
T
Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust
Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Duff  & Phelps Select MLP and Energy Fund
X
X
X
X
Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund
X
X
X
X
X
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Trust
Fund
Class/Shares
A
C
C1
I
R
R6
T
Virtus Asset Trust
Ceredex Large-Cap Value Equity Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Ceredex Small-Cap Value Equity Fund
X
X
X
X
Conservative Allocation Strategy Fund
X
X
X
X
Growth Allocation Strategy Fund
X
X
X
X
Seix Core Bond Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Seix Corporate Bond Fund
X
X
X
X
Seix Floating Rate High Income Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
X
X
X
Seix High Grade Municipal Bond Fund
X
X
X
Seix High Income Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Seix High Yield Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Seix Investment Grade Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
X
X
X
Seix Limited Duration Fund
X
X
Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
X
X
X
Seix Short-Term Bond Fund
X
X
X
X
Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond Fund
X
X
X
Seix Total Return Bond Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Seix U.S. Government Securities Ultra-Short Bond Fund
X
X
X
Seix U.S. Mortgage Fund
X
X
X
X
Seix Ultra-Short Bond Fund
X
X
Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund
X
X
X
Silvant Large-Cap Growth Stock Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Silvant Small-Cap Growth Stock Fund
X
X
X
X
WCM International Equity Fund
X
X
X
X
Zevenbergen Innovative Growth Stock Fund
X
X
X
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Trust
Fund
Class/Shares
A
C
C1
I
R
R6
T
Virtus Opportunities Trust
Duff  & Phelps Global Infrastructure Fund
X
X
X
X
Duff  & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Duff  & Phelps International Equity Fund
X
X
X
X
Duff  & Phelps International Real Estate Securities Fund
X
X
X
X
Duff  & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Herzfeld Fund
X
X
X
X
Horizon International Wealth Masters Fund
X
X
X
X
Horizon Wealth Masters Fund
X
X
X
X
KAR Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund
X
X
X
X
KAR International Small-Cap Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Newfleet Bond Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Newfleet CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
X
X
X
Newfleet High Yield Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund
X
X
X
X
Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund
X
X
X
X
X
X
Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
X
X
X
X
Rampart Alternatives Diversifier Fund
X
X
X
X
Rampart Equity Trend Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Rampart Global Equity Trend Fund
X
X
X
X
Rampart Low Volatility Equity Fund
X
X
X
X
Rampart Multi-Asset Trend Fund
X
X
X
X
Rampart Sector Trend Fund
X
X
X
X
Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund
X
X
X
X
X
Vontobel Global Opportunities Fund
X
X
X
X
Vontobel Greater European Opportunities Fund
X
X
X
X
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Trust
Fund
Class/Shares
A
C
C1
I
R
R6
T
Virtus Retirement Trust
DFA 2015 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
X
X
X
X
DFA 2020 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
X
X
X
X
DFA 2025 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
X
X
X
X
DFA 2030 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
X
X
X
X
DFA 2035 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
X
X
X
X
DFA 2040 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
X
X
X
X
DFA 2045 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
X
X
X
X
DFA 2050 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
X
X
X
X
DFA 2055 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
X
X
X
X
DFA 2060 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
X
X
X
X
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MORE INFORMATION ABOUT FUND INVESTMENT STRATEGIES & RELATED RISKS
The following investment strategies and policies supplement each Fund’s investment strategies and policies set forth in the Funds' prospectuses. Some of the investment strategies and policies described below and in each Fund's prospectus set forth percentage limitations on a Fund’s investment in, or holdings of, certain types of investments. Unless otherwise required by law or stated in this SAI, compliance with these strategies and policies will be determined immediately after the acquisition of such investments by the Fund. Subsequent changes in values, net assets, or other circumstances will not be considered when determining whether the investment complies with the Fund’s investment strategies and policies.
Investment Technique
Description and Risks
Fund-Specific Limitations
Debt Investing
Each Fund may invest in debt, or fixed income, securities. Debt, or fixed income, securities (which include corporate bonds, commercial paper, debentures, notes, government securities, municipal obligations, state- or state agency-issued obligations, obligations of foreign issuers, asset- or mortgage-backed securities, and other obligations) are used by issuers to borrow money and thus are debt obligations of the issuer. Holders of debt securities are creditors of the issuer, normally ranking ahead of holders of both common and preferred stock as to dividends or upon liquidation. The issuer usually pays a fixed, variable, or floating rate of interest and must repay the amount borrowed at the security’s maturity. Some debt securities, such as zero-coupon securities (discussed below), do not pay interest but may be sold at a deep discount from their face value.
Yields on debt securities depend on a variety of factors, including the general conditions of the money, bond, and note markets, the size of a particular offering, the maturity date of the obligation, and the rating of the issue. Debt securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields and are generally subject to greater price fluctuations in response to changes in market conditions than obligations with shorter maturities. An increase in interest rates generally will reduce the market value of portfolio debt securities, while a decline in interest rates generally will increase the value of the same securities. The achievement of a Fund’s investment objective depends in part on the continuing ability of the issuers of the debt securities in which the Fund invests to meet their obligations for the payment of principal and interest when due. Obligations of issuers of debt securities are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency, sovereign immunity, and other laws that affect the rights and remedies of creditors. There is also the possibility that, as a result of litigation or other conditions, the ability of an issuer to pay, when due, the principal of and interest on its debt securities may be materially affected.
Convertible Securities
A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, or other security that entitles the holder to acquire common stock or other equity securities of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specific price or formula. It generally entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued until the security matures or is redeemed, converted, or exchanged. Convertible securities may have several unique investment characteristics such as (1) higher yields than common stocks, but lower yields than comparable nonconvertible securities, (2) a lesser degree of fluctuation in value than the underlying stock since they have fixed income characteristics and (3) the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases.
Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to nonconvertible debt securities. Convertible securities often rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure and, therefore, are often viewed as entailing less risk than the corporation’s common stock, although the extent to which this is true depends in large measure on the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed income security. However, because convertible securities are often viewed by the issuer as future
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common stock, they are often subordinated to other senior securities and therefore are rated one category lower than the issuer’s nonconvertible debt obligations or preferred stock.
A convertible security may be subject to redemption or conversion at the option of the issuer at a predetermined price. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund could be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security and convert it to the underlying common stock. The Fund generally would invest in convertible securities for their favorable price characteristics and total return potential, and would normally not exercise an option to convert. The Fund might be more willing to convert such securities to common stock.
A Fund’s subadviser will select only those convertible securities for which it believes (a) the underlying common stock is a suitable investment for the Fund and (b) a greater potential for total return exists by purchasing the convertible security because of its higher yield and/or favorable market valuation. However, the Fund may invest in convertible debt securities rated less than investment grade. Debt securities rated less than investment grade are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” (For information about debt securities rated less than investment grade, see “High-Yield/High-Risk Fixed Income Securities (Junk Bonds)” under “Debt Investing” in this section of the SAI; for additional information about ratings on debt obligations, see Appendix A to this SAI.)
Corporate Debt Securities
Each Fund may invest in debt securities issued by corporations, limited partnerships and other similar entities. A Fund’s investments in debt securities of domestic or foreign corporate issuers include bonds, debentures, notes and other similar corporate debt instruments, including convertible securities that meet the Fund’s minimum ratings criteria or if unrated are, in the Fund’s subadviser’s opinion, comparable in quality to corporate debt securities that meet those criteria. The rate of return or return of principal on some debt obligations may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies or to the value of commodities, such as gold.
Dollar-denominated Foreign Debt Securities (“Yankee Bonds”)
Each Fund may invest in “Yankee bonds”, which are dollar-denominated instruments issued in the U.S. market by foreign branches of U.S. banks and U.S. branches of foreign banks. Since these instruments are dollar-denominated, they are not affected by variations in currency exchange rates. They are influenced primarily by interest rate levels in the United States and by the financial condition of the issuer, or of the issuer’s foreign parent. However, investing in these instruments may present a greater degree of risk than investing in domestic securities, due to less publicly available information, less securities regulation, war or expropriation. Special considerations may include higher brokerage costs and thinner trading markets. Investments in foreign countries could be affected by other factors including extended settlement periods. (See “Foreign Investing” in this section of the SAI for additional information about investing in foreign countries.)
Duration
Duration is a time measure of a bond’s interest-rate sensitivity, based on the weighted average of the time periods over which a bond’s cash flows accrue to the bondholder. Time periods are weighted by multiplying by the present value of its cash flow divided by the bond’s price. (A bond’s cash flows consist of coupon payments and repayment of capital.) A bond’s duration will almost always be shorter than its maturity, with the exception of zero-coupon bonds, for which maturity and duration are equal.
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Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs)
Generally, ETNs are senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities whose returns are linked to the performance of a particular market benchmark or strategy minus applicable fees. ETNs are traded on an exchange during normal trading hours. However, investors can also hold the ETN until maturity. At maturity, the issuer pays to the investor a cash amount equal to the principal amount, subject to the day’s market benchmark or strategy factor.
ETNs do not make periodic coupon payments or provide principal protection. ETNs are subject to credit risk, and the value of the ETN may drop due to a downgrade in the issuer’s credit rating, despite the underlying market benchmark or strategy remaining unchanged. The value of an ETN may also be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying assets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating, and economic, legal, political, or geographic events that affect the referenced underlying asset. When a Fund invests in ETNs it will bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by the ETN. The Fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. In addition, although an ETN may be listed on an exchange, the issuer may not be required to maintain the listing, and there can be no assurance that a secondary market will exist for an ETN.
ETNs are also subject to tax risk. No assurance can be given that the IRS will accept, or a court will uphold, how a Fund characterizes and treats ETNs for tax purposes. Further, the IRS and Congress are considering proposals that would change the timing and character of income and gains from ETNs.
An ETN that is tied to a specific market benchmark or strategy may not be able to replicate and maintain exactly the composition and relative weighting of securities, commodities or other components in the applicable market benchmark or strategy. Some ETNs that use leverage can, at times, be relatively illiquid and, thus, they may be difficult to purchase or sell at a fair price. Leveraged ETNs are subject to the same risks as other instruments that use leverage in any form.
The market value of ETNs may differ from that of their market benchmark or strategy. This difference in price may be due to the fact that the supply and demand in the market for ETNs at any point in time is not always identical to the supply and demand in the market for the securities, commodities or other components underlying the market benchmark or strategy that the ETN seeks to track. As a result, there may be times when an ETN trades at a premium or discount to its market benchmark or strategy.
High-Yield/High-Risk Fixed Income Securities (“Junk Bonds”)
Investments in securities rated “BB” or below by S&P or Fitch, or “Ba” or below by Moody’s generally provide greater income (leading to the name “high-yield” securities) and opportunity for capital appreciation than investments in higher quality securities, but they also typically entail greater price volatility, liquidity, and principal and income risk. These securities are regarded as predominantly speculative as to the issuer’s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payment obligations. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of lower-quality debt securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher-quality debt securities.
Interest-bearing securities typically experience appreciation when interest rates decline and depreciation when interest rates rise. The market values of low-rated securities tend to reflect individual corporate developments to a greater extent than do higher-rated securities, which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. Low-rated securities also tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than higher-rated securities. As a result, they
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generally involve more credit risks than securities in the higher-rated categories. During an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers of low-rated securities may experience financial stress and may not have sufficient revenues to meet their payment obligations. The issuer’s ability to service its debt obligations may also be adversely affected by specific corporate developments, the issuer’s inability to meet specific projected business forecasts or the unavailability of additional financing. The risk of loss due to default by an issuer of low-rated securities is generally considered to be significantly greater than issuers of higher-rated securities because such securities are usually unsecured and are often subordinated to other creditors. Further, if the issuer of a low-rated security defaulted, the applicable Fund might incur additional expenses in seeking recovery. Periods of economic uncertainty and changes would also generally result in increased volatility in the market prices of low-rated securities and thus in the applicable Fund’s NAV.
Low-rated securities often contain redemption, call or prepayment provisions which permit the issuer of the securities containing such provisions to, at its discretion, redeem the securities. During periods of falling interest rates, issuers of low-rated securities are likely to redeem or prepay the securities and refinance them with debt securities with a lower interest rate. To the extent an issuer is able to refinance the securities or otherwise redeem them, the applicable Fund may have to replace the securities with a lower yielding security which would result in lower returns for the Fund.
A Fund may have difficulty disposing of certain low-rated securities because there may be a thin trading market for such securities. Because not all dealers maintain markets in all low-rated securities, there is no established retail secondary market for many of these securities. The Funds anticipate that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of dealers or institutional investors. To the extent a secondary trading market does exist, it is generally not as liquid as the secondary market for higher-rated securities. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the market price of the security, and accordingly, the NAV of a particular Fund and its ability to dispose of particular securities when necessary to meet its liquidity needs, or in response to a specific economic event, or an event such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer. The lack of a liquid secondary market for certain securities may also make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing its respective portfolio. Market quotations are generally available on many low-rated issues only from a limited number of dealers and may not necessarily represent firm bids of such dealers or prices for actual sales. During periods of thin trading, the spread between bid and asked prices is likely to increase significantly. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of low-rated securities, especially in a thinly-traded market. If a Fund experiences unexpected net redemptions, it may be forced to liquidate a portion of its portfolio securities without regard to their investment merits. Due to the limited liquidity of low-rated securities, the Fund may be forced to liquidate these securities at a substantial discount. Any such liquidation would reduce the Fund’s asset base over which expenses could be allocated and could result in a reduced rate of return for the Fund.
Inverse Floating Rate Obligations
Certain variable rate securities pay interest at a rate that varies inversely to prevailing short-term interest rates (sometimes referred to as inverse floaters). For example, upon reset the interest rate payable on a security may go down when the underlying index has risen. During periods when short-term interest rates are relatively low as
No Fund will invest more than 5% of its assets in inverse floaters.
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compared to long-term interest rates, the Fund may attempt to enhance its yield by purchasing inverse floaters. Certain inverse floaters may have an interest rate reset mechanism that multiplies the effects of changes in the underlying index. While this form of leverage may increase the security’s yield, it may also increase the volatility of the security’s market value.
Similar to other variable and floating rate obligations, effective use of inverse floaters requires skills different from those needed to select most portfolio securities. If movements in interest rates are incorrectly anticipated, a Fund holding these instruments could lose money and its NAV could decline.
Letters of Credit
Debt obligations, including municipal obligations, certificates of participation, commercial paper and other short-term obligations, may be backed by an irrevocable letter of credit of a bank that assumes the obligation for payment of principal and interest in the event of default by the issuer. Only banks that, in the opinion of the relevant Fund’s subadviser, are of investment quality comparable to other permitted investments of the Fund may be used for Letter of Credit-backed investments.
Loan and Debt Participations and Assignments
A loan participation agreement involves the purchase of a share of a loan made by a bank to a company in return for a corresponding share of the borrower’s principal and interest payments. Loan participations of the type in which the Fund may invest include interests in both secured and unsecured corporate loans. When a Fund purchases loan assignments from lenders, it will acquire direct rights against the borrower, but these rights and the Fund’s obligations may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assignment lender. The principal credit risk associated with acquiring loan participation and assignment interests is the credit risk associated with the underlying corporate borrower. There is also a risk that there may not be a readily available market for participation loan interests and, in some cases, this could result in the Fund disposing of such securities at a substantial discount from face value or holding such securities until maturity.
In the event that a corporate borrower failed to pay its scheduled interest or principal payments on participations held by the Fund, the market value of the affected participation would decline, resulting in a loss of value of such investment to the Fund. Accordingly, such participations are speculative and may result in the income level and net assets of the Fund being reduced. Moreover, loan participation agreements generally limit the right of a participant to resell its interest in the loan to a third party and, as a result, loan participations may be deemed by the Fund to be illiquid investments. A Fund will invest only in participations with respect to borrowers whose creditworthiness is, or is determined by the Fund’s subadviser to be, substantially equivalent to that of issuers whose senior unsubordinated debt securities are rated B or higher by Moody’s or S&P. For the purposes of diversification and/or concentration calculations, both the borrower and issuer will be considered an “issuer.”
The Funds may purchase from banks participation interests in all or part of specific holdings of debt obligations. Each participation interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit or guarantee of the selling bank that the relevant Fund’s subadviser has determined meets the prescribed quality standards of the Fund. Thus, even if the credit of the issuer of the debt obligation does not meet the quality standards of the Fund, the credit of the selling bank will.
Loan participations and assignments may be illiquid and therefore subject to the Funds’ limitations on investments in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
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Municipal Securities and Related Investments
Tax-exempt municipal securities are debt obligations issued by the various states and their subdivisions (e.g., cities, counties, towns, and school districts) to raise funds, generally for various public improvements requiring long-term capital investment. Purposes for which tax-exempt bonds are issued include flood control, airports, bridges and highways, housing, medical facilities, schools, mass transportation and power, water or sewage plants, as well as others. Tax-exempt bonds also are occasionally issued to retire outstanding obligations, to obtain funds for operating expenses or to loan to other public or, in some cases, private sector organizations or to individuals.
Yields on municipal securities are dependent on a variety of factors, including the general conditions of the money market and the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligations and the rating of the issue. Municipal securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields and are generally subject to potentially greater capital appreciation and depreciation than obligations with shorter maturities and lower yields. The market prices of municipal securities usually vary, depending upon available yields. An increase in interest rates will generally reduce the value of portfolio investments, and a decline in interest rates will generally increase the value of portfolio investments. The ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective is also dependent on the continuing ability of the issuers of municipal securities in which the Fund invests to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal when due. The ratings of Moody’s and S&P represent their opinions as to the quality of municipal securities which they undertake to rate. Ratings are not absolute standards of quality; consequently, municipal securities with the same maturity, coupon, and rating may have different yields. There are variations in municipal securities, both within a particular classification and between classifications, depending on numerous factors. It should also be pointed out that, unlike other types of investments, municipal securities have traditionally not been subject to regulation by, or registration with, the SEC, although there have been proposals which would provide for such regulation in the future.
The federal bankruptcy statutes relating to the debts of political subdivisions and authorities of states of the United States provide that, in certain circumstances, such subdivisions or authorities may be authorized to initiate bankruptcy proceedings without prior notice to or consent of creditors, which proceedings could result in material and adverse changes in the rights of holders of their obligations.
Lawsuits challenging the validity under state constitutions of present systems of financing public education have been initiated or adjusted in a number of states, and legislation has been introduced to effect changes in public school financing in some states. In other instances there have been lawsuits challenging the issuance of pollution control revenue bonds or the validity of their issuance under state or federal law which could ultimately affect the validity of those municipal securities or the tax-free nature of the interest thereon.
Descriptions of some of the municipal securities and related investment types most commonly acquired by the Funds are provided below. In addition to those shown, other types of municipal investments are, or may become, available for investment by the Funds. For the purpose of each Fund’s investment restrictions set forth in this SAI, the identification of the “issuer” of a municipal security which is not a general obligation bond is made by the applicable Fund’s subadviser on the basis of the characteristics of the obligation, the most significant of which is the source of funds for the payment of principal and interest on such security.
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Municipal Bonds
Municipal bonds, which meet longer-term capital needs and generally have maturities of more than one year when issued, have two principal classifications: general obligation bonds and revenue bonds. Another type of municipal bond is referred to as an industrial development bond.
General Obligation Bonds
Issuers of general obligation bonds include states, counties, cities, towns, and regional districts. The proceeds of these obligations are used to fund a wide range of public projects, including construction or improvement of schools, highways and roads, and water and sewer systems. The basic security behind general obligation bonds is the issuer’s pledge of its full faith and credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. The taxes that can be levied for the payment of debt service may be limited or unlimited as to the rate or amount of special assessments.
Industrial Development Bonds
Industrial development bonds, which are considered municipal bonds if the interest paid is exempt from Federal income tax, are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to raise money to finance various privately operated facilities for business and manufacturing, housing, sports arenas and pollution control. These bonds are also used to finance public facilities such as airports, mass transit systems, ports and parking. The payment of the principal and interest on such bonds is dependent solely on the ability of the facility’s user to meet its financial obligations and the pledge, if any, of real and personal property so financed as security for such payment.
Revenue Bonds
The principal security for a revenue bond is generally the net revenues derived from a particular facility, group of facilities, or, in some cases, the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source. Revenue bonds are issued to finance a wide variety of capital projects including: electric, gas, water and sewer systems; highways, bridges, and tunnels; port and airport facilities; colleges and universities; and hospitals. Although the principal security behind these bonds may vary, many provide additional security in the form of a debt service reserve fund whose money may be used to make principal and interest payments on the issuer’s obligations. Housing finance authorities have a wide range of security; including partially or fully insured mortgages, rent subsidized and/or collateralized mortgages, and/or the net revenues from housing or other public projects. Some authorities provide further security in the form of a state’s ability (without obligation) to make up deficiencies in the debt service reserve fund.
Municipal Leases
Each Fund may acquire participations in lease obligations or installment purchase contract obligations (hereinafter collectively called “lease obligations”) of municipal authorities or entities. Although lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the municipality for which the municipality’s taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation may be backed by the municipality’s covenant to budget for, appropriate, and make the payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. In addition to the “non-appropriation” risk, these securities represent a relatively new type of financing that has not yet developed the depth of marketability associated with more conventional bonds. In the case of a “non-appropriation” lease, the Fund’s ability to recover under the lease in the event of non-appropriation or default will be limited solely to the repossession of the leased property in the event foreclosure might prove difficult. The Fund’s subadviser will evaluate the credit quality of a municipal lease and whether it will be
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considered liquid. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Investments” in this section of the SAI for information regarding the implications of these investments being considered illiquid.)
Municipal Notes
Municipal notes generally are used to provide for short-term working capital needs and generally have maturities of one year or less. Municipal notes include bond anticipation notes, construction loan notes, revenue anticipation notes and tax anticipation notes.
Bond Anticipation Notes
Bond anticipation notes are issued to provide interim financing until long-term financing can be arranged. In most cases, the long-term bonds then provide the money for the repayment of the notes.
Construction Loan Notes
Construction loan notes are sold to provide construction financing. After successful completion and acceptance, many projects receive permanent financing through FNMA or GNMA.
Revenue Anticipation Notes
Revenue anticipation notes are issued in expectation of receipt of other types of revenue, such as Federal revenues available under Federal revenue sharing programs.
Tax Anticipation Notes
Tax anticipation notes are issued to finance working capital needs of municipalities. Generally, they are issued in anticipation of various seasonal tax revenue, such as income, sales, use and business taxes, and are payable from these specific future taxes.
Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper
Tax-exempt commercial paper is a short-term obligation with a stated maturity of 365 days or less. It is issued by state and local governments or their agencies to finance seasonal working capital needs or as short-term financing in anticipation of longer-term financing.
Participation on Creditors’ Committees
While the Funds do not invest in securities to exercise control over the securities’ issuers, each Fund may, from time to time, participate on committees formed by creditors to negotiate with the management of financially troubled issuers of securities held by the Fund. Such participation may subject the relevant Fund to expenses such as legal fees and may deem the Fund an “insider” of the issuer for purposes of the Federal securities laws, and expose the Fund to material non-public information of the issuer, and therefore may restrict the Fund’s ability to purchase or sell a particular security when it might otherwise desire to do so. Participation by a Fund on such committees also may expose the Fund to potential liabilities under the federal bankruptcy laws or other laws governing the rights of creditors and debtors. A Fund will participate on such committees only when the Fund’s subadviser believes that such participation is necessary or desirable to enforce the Fund’s rights as a creditor or to protect the value of securities held by the Fund.
Payable in Kind (“PIK”) Bonds
PIK bonds are obligations which provide that the issuer thereof may, at its option, pay interest on such bonds in cash or “in kind”, which means in the form of additional debt securities. Such securities benefit the issuer by mitigating its need for cash to meet debt service, but also require a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of such cash. The Funds will accrue income on such investments for tax and accounting purposes, which is distributable to shareholders and which, because no cash is received at the time of accrual, may require the liquidation of other portfolio securities to satisfy the Funds’ distribution obligations. The market prices of PIK bonds generally are more volatile than the market prices of securities that pay interest periodically, and they are likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than would otherwise similar bonds on which regular cash payments of interest are being made.
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Ratings
The rating or quality of a debt security refers to a rating agency’s assessment of the issuer’s creditworthiness, i.e., its ability to pay principal and interest when due. Higher ratings indicate better credit quality, as rated by independent rating organizations such as Moody’s, S&P or Fitch, which publish their ratings on a regular basis. Appendix A provides a description of the various ratings provided for bonds (including convertible bonds), municipal bonds, and commercial paper.
After a Fund purchases a debt security, the rating of that security may be reduced below the minimum rating acceptable for purchase by the Fund. A subsequent downgrade does not require the sale of the security, but the Fund’s subadviser will consider such an event in determining whether to continue to hold the obligation. To the extent that ratings established by Moody’s or S&P may change as a result of changes in such organizations or their rating systems, a Fund will invest in securities which are deemed by the Fund’s subadviser to be of comparable quality to securities whose current ratings render them eligible for purchase by the Fund.
Credit ratings issued by credit rating agencies evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments of rated securities. They do not, however, evaluate the market-value risk and therefore may not fully reflect the true risks of an investment. In addition, credit rating agencies may or may not make timely changes in a rating to reflect changes in the economy or in the condition of the issuer that affect the market value of the security. Consequently, credit ratings are used only as a preliminary indicator of investment quality.
Sovereign Debt
Each Fund may invest in “sovereign debt,” which is issued or guaranteed by foreign governments (including countries, provinces and municipalities) or their agencies and instrumentalities. Sovereign debt may trade at a substantial discount from face value. The Funds may hold and trade sovereign debt of foreign countries in appropriate circumstances to participate in debt conversion programs. Emerging-market country sovereign debt involves a higher degree of risk than that of developed markets, is generally lower-quality debt, and is considered speculative in nature due, in part, to the extreme and volatile nature of debt burdens in such countries and because emerging market governments can be relatively unstable. The issuer or governmental authorities that control sovereign-debt repayment (“sovereign debtors”) may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or interest when due in accordance with the terms of the debt. A sovereign debtor’s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash-flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor’s policy towards the IMF, and the political constraints to which the sovereign debtor may be subject. Sovereign debtors may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others abroad to reduce principal and interest arrearage on their debt. The commitment of these third parties to make such disbursements may be conditioned on the sovereign debtor’s implementation of economic reforms or economic performance and the timely service of the debtor’s obligations. The sovereign debtor’s failure to meet these conditions may cause these third parties to cancel their commitments to provide funds to the sovereign debtor, which may further impair the debtor’s ability or willingness to timely service its debts. In certain instances, the Funds may invest in sovereign debt that is in default as to payments of principal or interest. In the event that the Funds hold non-performing sovereign debt, the Funds may incur additional expenses
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in connection with any restructuring of the issuer’s obligations or in otherwise enforcing their rights thereunder.
Brady Bonds
Each Fund may invest a portion of its assets in certain sovereign debt obligations known as “Brady Bonds.” Brady Bonds are issued under the framework of the Brady Plan, an initiative announced by former U.S. Treasury Secretary Nicholas F. Brady in 1989 as a mechanism for debtor nations to restructure their outstanding external indebtedness. The Brady Plan contemplates, among other things, the debtor nation’s adoption of certain economic reforms and the exchange of commercial bank debt for newly issued bonds. In restructuring its external debt under the Brady Plan framework, a debtor nation negotiates with its existing bank lenders as well as the World Bank or the IMF. The World Bank or IMF supports the restructuring by providing funds pursuant to loan agreements or other arrangements that enable the debtor nation to collateralize the new Brady Bonds or to replenish reserves used to reduce outstanding bank debt. Under these loan agreements or other arrangements with the World Bank or IMF, debtor nations have been required to agree to implement certain domestic monetary and fiscal reforms. The Brady Plan sets forth only general guiding principles for economic reform and debt reduction, emphasizing that solutions must be negotiated on a case-by-case basis between debtor nations and their creditors.
Brady Bonds are often viewed as having three or four valuation components: (i) the collateralized repayment of principal at final maturity; (ii) the collateralized interest payments; (iii) the uncollateralized interest payments; and (iv) any uncollateralized repayment of principal at maturity (these uncollateralized amounts constitute the “residual risk”). In light of the residual risk of Brady Bonds and, among other factors, the history of defaults with respect to commercial bank loans by public and private entities of countries issuing Brady Bonds, investments in Brady Bonds can be viewed as speculative.
Stand-by Commitments
Each Fund may purchase securities together with the right to resell them to the seller or a third party at an agreed-upon price or yield within specified periods prior to their maturity dates. Such a right to resell is commonly known as a stand-by commitment, and the aggregate price which a Fund pays for securities with a stand-by commitment may increase the cost, and thereby reduce the yield, of the security. The primary purpose of this practice is to permit the Fund to be as fully invested as practicable in municipal securities while preserving the necessary flexibility and liquidity to meet unanticipated redemptions. Stand-by commitments acquired by a Fund are valued at zero in determining the Fund’s NAV. Stand-by commitments involve certain expenses and risks, including the inability of the issuer of the commitment to pay for the securities at the time the commitment is exercised, non-marketability of the commitment, and differences between the maturity of the underlying security and the maturity of the commitment.
Strip Bonds
Strip bonds are debt securities that are stripped of their interest (usually by a financial intermediary) after the securities are issued. The market value of these securities generally fluctuates more in response to changes in interest rates than interest-paying securities of comparable maturity.
Tender Option Bonds
Tender option bonds are relatively long-term bonds that are coupled with the option to tender the securities to a bank, broker-dealer or other financial institution at periodic intervals and receive the face value of the bond. This investment structure is commonly used as a means of enhancing a security’s liquidity.
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Variable and Floating Rate Obligations
Each Fund may purchase securities having a floating or variable rate of interest. These securities pay interest at rates that are adjusted periodically according to a specific formula, usually with reference to some interest rate index or market interest rate (the “underlying index”). The floating rate tends to decrease the security’s price sensitivity to changes in interest rates. These securities may carry demand features permitting the holder to demand payment of principal at any time or at specified intervals prior to maturity. Accordingly, as interest rates decrease or increase, the potential for capital appreciation or depreciation is less than for fixed-rate obligations.
In order to most effectively use these investments, a Fund’s subadviser must correctly assess probable movements in interest rates. This involves different skills than those used to select most other portfolio securities. If the Fund’s subadviser incorrectly forecasts such movements, the Fund could be adversely affected by the use of variable or floating rate obligations.
The floating and variable rate obligations that the Funds may purchase include variable rate demand securities. Variable rate demand securities are variable rate securities that have demand features entitling the purchaser to resell the securities to the issuer at an amount approximately equal to amortized cost or the principal amount thereof plus accrued interest, which may be more or less than the price that the Fund paid for them. The interest rate on variable rate demand securities also varies either according to some objective standard, such as an index of short-term, tax-exempt rates, or according to rates set by or on behalf of the issuer.
When a Fund purchases a floating or variable rate demand instrument, the Fund’s subadviser will monitor, on an ongoing basis, the ability of the issuer to pay principal and interest on demand. The Fund’s right to obtain payment at par on a demand instrument could be affected by events occurring between the date the Fund elects to demand payment and the date payment is due that may affect the ability of the issuer of the instrument to make payment when due, except when such demand instrument permits same day settlement. To facilitate settlement, these same day demand instruments may be held in book entry form at a bank other than the Funds’ custodian subject to a sub-custodian agreement between the bank and the Funds’ custodian.
The floating and variable rate obligations that the Funds may purchase also include certificates of participation in such obligations purchased from banks. A certificate of participation gives the Fund an undivided interest in the underlying obligations in the proportion that the Fund’s interest bears to the total principal amount of the obligation. Certain certificates of participation may carry a demand feature that would permit the holder to tender them back to the issuer prior to maturity.
The income received on certificates of participation in tax-exempt municipal obligations constitutes interest from tax-exempt obligations.
Each Fund will limit its purchases of floating and variable rate obligations to those of the same quality as it otherwise is allowed to purchase. Similar to fixed rate debt instruments, variable and floating rate instruments are subject to changes in value based on changes in prevailing market interest rates or changes in the issuer’s creditworthiness.
A floating or variable rate instrument may be subject to a Fund’s percentage limitation on illiquid securities if there is no reliable trading market for the instrument or if the Fund may not demand payment of
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the principal amount within seven days. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
Zero and Deferred Coupon Debt Securities
Each Fund may invest in debt obligations that do not make any interest payments for a specified period of time prior to maturity (“deferred coupon” bonds) or until maturity (“zero coupon” bonds). The nonpayment of interest on a current basis may result from the bond’s having no stated interest rate, in which case the bond pays only principal at maturity and is normally initially issued at a discount from face value. Alternatively, the bond may provide for a stated rate of interest, but provide that such interest is not payable until maturity, in which case the bond may initially be issued at par. The value to the investor of these types of bonds is represented by the economic accretion either of the difference between the purchase price and the nominal principal amount (if no interest is stated to accrue) or of accrued, unpaid interest during the bond’s life or payment deferral period.
Because deferred and zero coupon bonds do not make interest payments for a certain period of time, they are generally purchased by a Fund at a deep discount and their value fluctuates more in response to interest rate changes than does the value of debt obligations that make current interest payments. The degree of fluctuation with interest rate changes is greater when the deferred period is longer. Therefore, when a Fund invests in zero or deferred coupon bonds, there is a risk that the value of the Fund’s shares may decline more as a result of an increase in interest rates than would be the case if the Fund did not invest in such bonds.
Even though zero and deferred coupon bonds may not pay current interest in cash, each Fund is required to accrue interest income on such investments and to distribute such amounts to shareholders. Thus, a Fund would not be able to purchase income-producing securities to the extent cash is used to pay such distributions, and, therefore, the Fund’s current income could be less than it otherwise would have been. Instead of using cash, the Fund might liquidate investments in order to satisfy these distribution requirements.
Derivative Investments
Each Fund may invest in various types of derivatives, which may at times result in significant derivative exposure. A derivative is a financial instrument whose performance is derived from the performance of another asset. Each Fund may invest in derivative instruments including, but not limited to: futures contracts, put options, call options, options on future contracts, options on foreign currencies, swaps, forward contracts, structured investments, and other equity-linked derivatives.
Each Fund may use derivative instruments for hedging (to offset risks associated with an investment, currency exposure, or market conditions) or in pursuit of its investment objective(s) and policies (to seek to enhance returns). When a Fund invests in a derivative, the risks of loss of that derivative may be greater than the derivative’s cost. No Fund may use any derivative to gain exposure to an asset or class of assets that it would be prohibited by its investment restrictions from purchasing directly. In addition to other considerations, a Fund’s ability to use derivative instruments may be limited by tax considerations. (See “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” in this SAI.)
Investments in derivatives may subject a Fund to special risks in addition to normal market fluctuations and other risks inherent in investment in securities. For example, a percentage of the Fund’s assets may be segregated to cover its obligations with respect to the derivative investment, which may make it more difficult for the Fund’s subadviser to meet redemption requests or other short-term obligations.
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Investments in derivatives in general are also subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. Investments in derivatives may not directly correlate with the price movements of the underlying instrument. As a result, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to additional risks that it would not be subject to if it invested directly in the securities underlying those derivatives. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than otherwise would be the case.
Commodity Interests
Certain of the derivative investment types permitted for the Funds may be considered commodity interests for purposes of the CEA and regulations approved by the CFTC. However, each Fund intends to limit the use of such investment types as required to qualify for exclusion or exemption from being considered a “commodity pool” or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in commodity interests under such regulations. As a result, except as otherwise noted below each Fund has filed a notice of exclusion under CFTC Regulation 4.5 or exemption under CFTC Regulation 4.13(a)(3).
The CFTC has adopted amendments to its rules that may affect the Funds’ ability to continue to claim exclusion or exemption from regulation. If a Fund’s use of these techniques would cause the Fund to be considered a “commodity pool” under the CEA, then the Adviser would be subject to registration and regulation as the Fund’s commodity pool operator, and the Fund’s subadviser may be subject to registration and regulation as the Fund’s commodity trading advisor. A Fund may incur additional expense as a result of the CFTC’s registration and regulation obligations, and the Fund’s use of these techniques and other instruments may be limited or restricted.
As of the date of this SAI, each Fund intends to limit the use of such investment types as required to qualify for exclusion from being considered a “commodity pool” or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in commodity interests under such regulations, and each Fund has filed a notice of exclusion under CFTC Regulation 4.5 or exemption under CFTC Regulation 4.13(a)(3).
Credit-linked Notes
Credit-linked notes are derivative instruments used to transfer credit risk. The performance of the notes is linked to the performance of the underlying reference obligation or reference portfolio (“reference entities”). The notes are usually issued by a special purpose vehicle that sells credit protection through a credit default swap agreement in return for a premium and an obligation to pay the transaction sponsor should a reference entity experience a credit event, such as bankruptcy. The special purpose vehicle invests the proceeds from the notes to cover its contingent obligation. Revenue from the investments and the money received as premium are used to pay interest to note holders. The main risk of credit linked notes is the risk of default to the reference obligation of the credit default swap. Should a default occur, the special purpose vehicle would have to pay the transaction sponsor, subordinating payments to the note holders. Credit linked notes also may not be liquid and may be subject to currency and interest rate risks as well.
Equity-linked Derivatives
Each Fund may invest in equity-linked derivative products, the performance of which is designed to correspond generally to the performance of a specified stock index or “basket” of stocks, or to a single stock. Investments in equity-linked derivatives involve the same risks associated with a direct investment in the types of securities such products are designed to track. There can be no assurance that the trading price of the equity-linked derivatives will equal the underlying value of the securities purchased to replicate a particular investment or that such basket will replicate the investment.
Investments in equity-linked derivatives may constitute investments in other investment companies. (See “Mutual Fund Investing” in this section of the SAI for information regarding the implications of a Fund investing in other investment companies.)
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Eurodollar Instruments
The Funds may invest in Eurodollar instruments. Eurodollar instruments are dollar-denominated certificates of deposit and time deposits issued outside the U.S. capital markets by foreign branches of U.S. banks and by foreign banks. Eurodollar futures contracts enable purchasers to obtain a fixed rate for the lending of funds and sellers to obtain a fixed rate for borrowings. A Fund might use Eurodollar instruments to hedge against changes in interest rates or to enhance returns.
Eurodollar obligations are subject to the same risks that pertain to domestic issuers, most notably income risk (and, to a lesser extent, credit risk, market risk, and liquidity risk). Additionally, Eurodollar obligations are subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of dollars, from flowing across its borders. Other risks include adverse political and economic developments, the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions, the imposition of foreign withholding taxes, and expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers. However, Eurodollar obligations will undergo the same type of credit analysis as domestic issuers in which a Fund invests.
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts, Futures and Options
Each Fund may engage in certain derivative foreign currency exchange and option transactions involving investment risks and transaction costs to which the Fund would not be subject absent the use of these strategies. If a Fund’s subadviser’s predictions of movements in the direction of securities prices or currency exchange rates are inaccurate, the adverse consequences to the Fund may leave the Fund in a worse position than if it had not used such strategies. Risks inherent in the use of option and foreign currency forward and futures contracts include: (1) dependence on the Fund’s subadviser’s ability to correctly predict movements in the direction of securities prices and currency exchange rates; (2) imperfect correlation between the price of options and futures contracts and movements in the prices of the securities or currencies being hedged; (3) the fact that the skills needed to use these strategies are different from those needed to select portfolio securities; (4) the possible absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular instrument at any time; and (5) the possible need to defer closing out certain hedged positions to avoid adverse tax consequences. The Fund’s ability to enter into futures contracts is also limited by the requirements of the Code for qualification as a regulated investment company. (See the “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” section of this SAI.)
A Fund may engage in currency exchange transactions to protect against uncertainty in the level of future currency exchange rates. In addition, a Fund may write covered put and call options on foreign currencies for the purpose of increasing its return.
A Fund may enter into contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies at a future date (“forward contracts”) and purchase and sell foreign currency futures contracts. For certain hedging purposes, the Fund may also purchase exchange-listed and over-the-counter put and call options on foreign currency futures contracts and on foreign currencies. A put option on a futures contract gives the Fund the right to assume a short position in the futures contract until the expiration of the option. A put option on a currency gives the Fund the right to sell the currency at an exercise price until the expiration of the option. A call option on a futures contract gives the Fund the right to assume a long position in the futures contract until the expiration of the option. A call option on a currency gives the Fund the right to purchase the currency at the exercise price until the expiration of the option.
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When engaging in position hedging, a Fund enters into foreign currency exchange transactions to protect against a decline in the values of the foreign currencies in which its portfolio securities are denominated (or an increase in the values of currency for securities which the Fund expects to purchase, when the Fund holds cash or short-term investments). In connection with position hedging, the Fund may purchase put or call options on foreign currency and on foreign currency futures contracts and buy or sell forward contracts and foreign currency futures contracts. (A Fund may also purchase or sell foreign currency on a spot basis, as discussed in “Foreign Currency Transactions” under “Foreign Investing” in this section of the SAI.)
The precise matching of the amounts of foreign currency exchange transactions and the value of the portfolio securities involved will not generally be possible since the future value of such securities in foreign currencies will change as a consequence of market movements in the value of those securities between the dates the currency exchange transactions are entered into and the dates they mature. It is also impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration or maturity of a forward or futures contract. Accordingly, it may be necessary for a Fund to purchase additional foreign currency on the spot market (and bear the expense of such purchase) if the market value of the security or securities being hedged is less than the amount of foreign currency the Fund is obligated to deliver and a decision is made to sell the security or securities and make delivery of the foreign currency. Conversely, it may be necessary to sell on the spot market some of the foreign currency received upon the sale of the portfolio security or securities if the market value of such security or securities exceeds the amount of foreign currency the Fund is obligated to deliver.
Hedging techniques do not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities which a Fund owns or intends to purchase or sell. They simply establish a rate of exchange which one can achieve at some future point in time. Additionally, although these techniques tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, they also tend to limit any potential gain which might result from the increase in value of such currency.
A Fund may seek to increase its return or to offset some of the costs of hedging against fluctuations in currency exchange rates by writing covered put options and covered call options on foreign currencies. In that case, the Fund receives a premium from writing a put or call option, which increases the Fund’s current return if the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a net profit. A Fund may terminate an option that it has written prior to its expiration by entering into a closing purchase transaction in which it purchases an option having the same terms as the option written.
A Fund’s currency hedging transactions may call for the delivery of one foreign currency in exchange for another foreign currency and may at times not involve currencies in which its portfolio securities are then denominated. A Fund’s subadviser will engage in such “cross hedging” activities when it believes that such transactions provide significant hedging opportunities for the Fund. Cross hedging transactions by a Fund involve the risk of imperfect correlation between changes in the values of the currencies to which such transactions relate and changes in the value of the currency or other asset or liability which is the subject of the hedge.
Foreign currency forward contracts, futures and options may be traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions may not be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States; may not involve a clearing mechanism and related guarantees; and are
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subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities. The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the United States of data on which to make trading decisions, (iii) delays in the relevant Fund’s ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets during non-business hours in the United States, (iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the United States, and (v) lesser trading volume.
The types of derivative foreign currency exchange transactions most commonly employed by the Funds are discussed below, although each Fund is also permitted to engage in other similar transactions to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment limitations and restrictions.
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts
A foreign currency forward contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days (“term”) from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are traded directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers.
A Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily in an amount not less than the value of the Fund’s total assets committed to forward foreign currency exchange contracts entered into for the purchase of a foreign currency. If the value of the securities specifically designated declines, additional cash or securities will be added so that the specifically designated amount is not less than the amount of the Fund’s commitments with respect to such contracts.
Foreign Currency Futures Transactions
Each Fund may use foreign currency futures contracts and options on such futures contracts. Through the purchase or sale of such contracts, a Fund may be able to achieve many of the same objectives attainable through the use of foreign currency forward contracts, but more effectively and possibly at a lower cost.
Unlike forward foreign currency exchange contracts, foreign currency futures contracts and options on foreign currency futures contracts are standardized as to amount and delivery period and are traded on boards of trade and commodities exchanges. It is anticipated that such contracts may provide greater liquidity and lower cost than forward foreign currency exchange contracts.
Purchasers and sellers of foreign currency futures contracts are subject to the same risks that apply to the buying and selling of futures generally. In addition, there are risks associated with foreign currency futures contracts similar to those associated with options on foreign currencies. (See “Foreign Currency Options” and “Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts”, each in this sub-section of the SAI.) The Fund must accept or make delivery of the underlying foreign currency, through banking arrangements, in accordance with any U.S. or foreign restrictions or regulations regarding the maintenance of foreign banking arrangements by U.S. residents and may be required to pay any fees, taxes or charges associated with such delivery which are assessed in the issuing country.
To the extent required to comply with SEC Release No. IC-10666, when entering into a futures contract or an option transaction, a Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily equal to the net amount of the Fund’s obligation. For foreign currency futures
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transactions, the prescribed amount will generally be the daily value of the futures contract, marked to market.
Futures contracts are designed by boards of trade which are designated “contracts markets” by the CFTC. Futures contracts trade on contracts markets in a manner that is similar to the way a stock trades on a stock exchange and the boards of trade, through their clearing corporations, guarantee performance of the contracts. As of the date of this SAI, the Funds may invest in futures contracts under specified conditions without being regulated as commodity pools. However, under recently amended CFTC rules the Funds’ ability to maintain the exclusions/exemptions from the definition of commodity pool may be limited. (See “Commodity Interests” in this section of the SAI.)
Foreign Currency Options
A foreign currency option provides the option buyer with the right to buy or sell a stated amount of foreign currency at the exercise price at a specified date or during the option period. A call option gives its owner the right, but not the obligation, to buy the currency, while a put option gives its owner the right, but not the obligation, to sell the currency. The option seller (writer) is obligated to fulfill the terms of the option sold if it is exercised. However, either seller or buyer may close its position during the option period for such options any time prior to expiration.
A call rises in value if the underlying currency appreciates. Conversely, a put rises in value if the underlying currency depreciates. While purchasing a foreign currency option can protect a Fund against an adverse movement in the value of a foreign currency, it does not limit the gain which might result from a favorable movement in the value of such currency. For example, if the Fund were holding securities denominated in an appreciating foreign currency and had purchased a foreign currency put to hedge against a decline in the value of the currency, it would not have to exercise its put. Similarly, if the Fund had entered into a contract to purchase a security denominated in a foreign currency and had purchased a foreign currency call to hedge against a rise in the value of the currency but instead the currency had depreciated in value between the date of purchase and the settlement date, the Fund would not have to exercise its call but could acquire in the spot market the amount of foreign currency needed for settlement.
The value of a foreign currency option depends upon the value of the underlying currency relative to the other referenced currency. As a result, the price of the option position may vary with changes in the value of either or both currencies and have no relationship to the investment merits of a foreign security, including foreign securities held in a “hedged” investment portfolio. Because foreign currency transactions occurring in the interbank market involve substantially larger amounts than those that may be involved in the use of foreign currency options, the Funds may be disadvantaged by having to deal in an odd lot market (generally consisting of transactions of less than $1 million) for the underlying foreign currencies at prices that are less favorable than for round lots.
As in the case of other kinds of options, the use of foreign currency options constitutes only a partial hedge, and a Fund could be required to purchase or sell foreign currencies at disadvantageous exchange rates, thereby incurring losses. The purchase of an option on a foreign currency may not necessarily constitute an effective hedge against fluctuations in exchange rates and, in the event of rate movements adverse to the Fund’s position, the Fund may forfeit the entire amount of the premium plus related transaction costs.
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Options on foreign currencies written or purchased by a Fund may be traded on U.S. or foreign exchanges or over the counter. There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for foreign currencies traded over the counter or any regulatory requirement that quotations available through dealers or other market sources be firm or revised on a timely basis. Quotation information available is generally representative of very large transactions in the interbank market and thus may not reflect relatively smaller transactions (i.e., less than $1 million) where rates may be less favorable. The interbank market in foreign currencies is a global, around-the-clock market. To the extent that the options markets are closed while the markets for the underlying currencies remain open, significant price and rate movements may take place in the underlying markets that are not reflected in the options market.
For additional information about options transactions, see “Options” under “Derivative Investments” in this section of the SAI.
Foreign Currency Warrants
Foreign currency warrants such as currency exchange warrants are warrants that entitle the holder to receive from the issuer an amount of cash (generally, for warrants issued in the United States, in U.S. dollars) that is calculated pursuant to a predetermined formula and based on the exchange rate between two specified currencies as of the exercise date of the warrant. Foreign currency warrants generally are exercisable upon their issuance and expire as of a specified date and time.
Foreign currency warrants may be used to reduce the currency exchange risk assumed by purchasers of a security by, for example, providing for a supplemental payment in the event the U.S. dollar depreciates against the value of a major foreign currency such as the Japanese Yen or Euro. The formula used to determine the amount payable upon exercise of a foreign currency warrant may make the warrant worthless unless the applicable foreign currency exchange rate moves in a particular direction (e.g., unless the U.S. dollar appreciates or depreciates against the particular foreign currency to which the warrant is linked or indexed).
Foreign currency warrants are severable from the debt obligations with which they may be offered, and may be listed on exchanges. Foreign currency warrants may be exercisable only in certain minimum amounts, and an investor wishing to exercise warrants who possesses less than the minimum number required for exercise may be required either to sell the warrants or to purchase additional warrants, thereby incurring additional transaction costs. Upon exercise of warrants, there may be a delay between the time the holder gives instructions to exercise and the time the exchange rate relating to exercise is determined, thereby affecting both the market and cash settlement values of the warrants being exercised. The expiration date of the warrants may be accelerated if the warrants should be delisted from an exchange or if their trading should be suspended permanently, which would result in the loss of any remaining “time value” of the warrants (i.e., the difference between the current market value and the exercise value of the warrants), and, if the warrants were “out-of-the-money,” in a total loss of the purchase price of the warrants.
Warrants are generally unsecured obligations of their issuers and are not standardized foreign currency options issued by the OCC. Unlike foreign currency options issued by OCC, the terms of foreign exchange warrants generally will not be amended in the event of governmental or regulatory actions affecting exchange rates or in the event of the imposition of other regulatory controls affecting the international currency markets. The initial public offering price of foreign currency warrants could be considerably in excess of the price
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that a commercial user of foreign currencies might pay in the interbank market for a comparable option involving larger amounts of foreign currencies. Foreign currency warrants are subject to significant foreign exchange risk, including risks arising from complex political or economic factors.
Performance Indexed Paper
Performance indexed paper is commercial paper the yield of which is linked to certain currency exchange rate movements. The yield to the investor on performance indexed paper is established at maturity as a function of spot exchange rates between the designated currencies as of or about the time (generally, the index maturity two days prior to maturity). The yield to the investor will be within a range stipulated at the time of purchase of the obligation, generally with a guaranteed minimum rate of return that is below, and a potential maximum rate of return that is above, market yields on commercial paper, with both the minimum and maximum rates of return on the investment corresponding to the minimum and maximum values of the spot exchange rate two business days prior to maturity.
Principal Exchange Rate Linked Securities (“PERLS”)
PERLS are debt obligations the principal on which is payable at maturity in an amount that may vary based on the exchange rate between the particular currencies at or about that time. The return on “standard” principal exchange rate linked securities is enhanced if the currency to which the security is linked appreciates against the base currency, and is adversely affected by increases in the exchange value of the base currency. “Reverse” PERLS are like the “standard” securities, except that their return is enhanced by increases in the value of the base currency and adversely impacted by increases in the value of other currency. Interest payments on the securities are generally made at rates that reflect the degree of currency risk assumed or given up by the purchaser of the notes (i.e., at relatively higher interest rates if the purchaser has assumed some of the currency exchange risk, or relatively lower interest rates if the issuer has assumed some of the currency exchange risk, based on the expectations of the current market). PERLS may in limited cases be subject to acceleration of maturity (generally, not without the consent of the holders of the securities), which may have an adverse impact on the value of the principal payment to be made at maturity.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts
Each Fund may use interest rate, foreign currency, dividend, volatility or index futures contracts. An interest rate, foreign currency, dividend, volatility or index futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified quantity of a financial instrument, foreign currency, dividend basket or the cash value of an index at a specified price and time. A futures contract on an index is an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract was originally written. Although the value of an index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical delivery of these securities is made. A public market exists in futures contracts covering several indexes as well as a number of financial instruments and foreign currencies, and it is expected that other futures contracts will be developed and traded in the future. Interest rate and volatility futures contracts currently are traded in the United States primarily on the floors of the Chicago Board of Trade and the International Monetary Market of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. Interest rate futures also are traded on foreign exchanges such as the London International Financial Futures Exchange and the Singapore International Monetary Exchange. Volatility futures also are traded on foreign exchanges such as Eurex. Dividend futures are also traded on foreign exchanges such as Eurex, NYSE Euronext Liffe, London Stock Exchange and the Singapore International Monetary Exchange.
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A Fund may purchase and write call and put options on futures. Futures options possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and indexes discussed above. A futures option gives the holder the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a long position (call) or short position (put) in a futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of option. Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the case of a put option, the opposite is true.
Except as otherwise described in this SAI, the Funds will limit their use of futures contracts and futures options to hedging transactions and in an attempt to increase total return, in accordance with Federal regulations. The costs of, and possible losses incurred from, futures contracts and options thereon may reduce the Fund’s current income and involve a loss of principal. Any incremental return earned by the Fund resulting from these transactions would be expected to offset anticipated losses or a portion thereof.
The Funds will only enter into futures contracts and futures options which are standardized and traded on a U.S. or foreign exchange, board of trade, or similar entity, or quoted on an automated quotation system.
When a purchase or sale of a futures contract is made by a Fund, the Fund is required to deposit with its custodian (or broker, if legally permitted) a specified amount of cash or U.S. Government securities (“initial margin”). The margin required for a futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be modified during the term of the contract. The initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the futures contract which is returned to the Fund upon termination of the contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. The Funds expect to earn interest income on their initial margin deposits. A futures contract held by a Fund is valued daily at the official settlement price of the exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund pays or receives cash, called “variation margin,” equal to the daily change in value of the futures contract. This process is known as “marking to market.” Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by the Fund but is instead a settlement between the Fund and the broker of the amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In computing daily NAV, the Fund will mark to market its open futures positions.
The Funds are also required to deposit and maintain margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by them. Such margin deposits will vary depending on the nature of the underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value of the option, and other futures positions held by the relevant Fund.
To the extent required to comply with SEC Release No. IC-10666, when entering into a futures contract or an option on a futures contract, a Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily equal to the prescribed amount. Generally, for cash-settled futures contracts the prescribed amount is the net amount of the Fund’s obligation, and for non-cash-settled futures contracts the prescribed about is the notional value of the reference obligation.
Futures contracts are designed by boards of trade which are designated “contracts markets” by the CFTC. Futures contracts trade on contracts markets in a manner that is similar to the way a stock trades on a stock exchange and the boards of trade, through their
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clearing corporations, guarantee performance of the contracts. A Fund’s ability to claim an exclusion or exemption from the definition of a commodity pool may be limited when the Fund invests in futures contracts. (See “Commodity Interests” in this SAI.)
The requirements of the Code for qualification as a regulated investment company also may limit the extent to which a Fund may enter into futures, futures options or forward contracts. (See the “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” section of this SAI.)
Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities, generally these obligations are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (same exchange, underlying security or index, and delivery month). If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is more, the Fund realizes a capital loss. Conversely, if an offsetting sales price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is less, the Fund realizes a capital loss. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations.
Positions in futures contracts and related options may be closed out only on an exchange which provides a secondary market for such contracts or options. The Fund will enter into an option or futures position only if there appears to be a liquid secondary market. However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option or futures contract at any specific time. Thus, it may not be possible to close out a futures or related option position. In the case of a futures position, in the event of adverse price movements the Fund would continue to be required to make daily margin payments. In this situation, if the Fund has insufficient cash to meet daily margin requirements it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet its margin obligations at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, the Fund may be required to take or make delivery of the securities underlying the futures contracts it holds. The inability to close out futures positions also could have an adverse impact on the Fund’s ability to hedge its portfolio effectively.
There are several risks in connection with the use of futures contracts as a hedging device. While hedging can provide protection against an adverse movement in market prices, it can also limit a hedger’s opportunity to benefit fully from a favorable market movement. In addition, investing in futures contracts and options on futures contracts will cause the Fund to incur additional brokerage commissions and may cause an increase in the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate.
The successful use of futures contracts and related options may also depend on the ability of the relevant Fund’s subadviser to forecast correctly the direction and extent of market movements, interest rates and other market factors within a given time frame. To the extent market prices remain stable during the period a futures contract or option is held by a Fund or such prices move in a direction opposite to that anticipated, the Fund may realize a loss on the transaction which is not offset by an increase in the value of its portfolio securities. Options and futures may also fail as a hedging technique in cases where the movements of the securities underlying the options and futures do not follow the price movements of the hedged portfolio securities. As a result, the Fund’s total return for the period may be less than if it had not engaged in the hedging transaction. The loss from investing in futures transactions is potentially unlimited.
Utilization of futures contracts by a Fund involves the risk of imperfect correlation in movements in the price of futures contracts and movements in the price of the securities which are being hedged. If the price of the futures contract moves more or less than the price of
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the securities being hedged, the Fund will experience a gain or loss which will not be completely offset by movements in the price of the securities. It is possible that, where a Fund has sold futures contracts to hedge its portfolio against a decline in the market, the market may advance and the value of securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may decline. If this occurred, the Fund would lose money on the futures contract and would also experience a decline in value in its portfolio securities. Where futures are purchased to hedge against a possible increase in the prices of securities before the Fund is able to invest its cash (or cash equivalents) in securities (or options) in an orderly fashion, it is possible that the market may decline; if the Fund then determines not to invest in securities (or options) at that time because of concern as to possible further market decline or for other reasons, the Fund will realize a loss on the futures that would not be offset by a reduction in the price of the securities purchased.
The market prices of futures contracts may be affected if participants in the futures market elect to close out their contracts through off-setting transactions rather than to meet margin deposit requirements. In such case, distortions in the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets could result. Price distortions could also result if investors in futures contracts opt to make or take delivery of the underlying securities rather than to engage in closing transactions because such action would reduce the liquidity of the futures market. In addition, from the point of view of speculators, because the deposit requirements in the futures markets are less onerous than margin requirements in the cash market, increased participation by speculators in the futures market could cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortions in the futures market and because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of securities and movements in the prices of futures contracts, a correct forecast of market trends may still not result in a successful hedging transaction.
Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, the purchase of put or call options on futures contracts involves less potential risk for the Fund because the maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the options plus transaction costs. However, there may be circumstances when the purchase of an option on a futures contract would result in a loss to the Fund while the purchase or sale of the futures contract would not have resulted in a loss, such as when there is no movement in the price of the underlying securities.
For additional information about options transactions, see “Options” under “Derivative Investments” in this section of the SAI.
Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities
Each Fund may purchase mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, which collectively are securities backed by mortgages, installment contracts, credit card receivables or other financial assets. Asset-backed securities represent interests in “pools” of assets in which payments of both interest and principal on the securities are made periodically, thus in effect “passing through” such payments made by the individual borrowers on the assets that underlie the securities, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the securities. The average life of asset-backed securities varies with the maturities of the underlying instruments, and the average life of a mortgage-backed instrument, in particular, is likely to be less than the original maturity of the mortgage pools underlying the securities as a result of mortgage prepayments, where applicable. For this and other reasons, an asset-backed security’s stated maturity may be different, and the security’s total return may be difficult to predict precisely.
If an asset-backed security is purchased at a premium, a prepayment rate that is faster than expected will reduce yield to maturity, while a prepayment rate that is slower than expected will have the opposite
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effect of increasing yield to maturity. Conversely, if an asset-backed security is purchased at a discount, faster than expected prepayments will increase yield to maturity, while slower than expected prepayments will decrease yield to maturity.
Prepayments of principal of mortgage-related securities by mortgagors or mortgage foreclosures affect the average life of the mortgage-related securities in the Fund’s portfolio. Mortgage prepayments are affected by the level of interest rates and other factors, including general economic conditions and the underlying location and age of the mortgage. In periods of rising interest rates, the prepayment rate tends to decrease, lengthening the average life of a pool of mortgage-related securities. The longer the remaining maturity of a security the greater the effect of interest rate changes will be. Changes in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal and in the market’s perception of its creditworthiness also affect the market value of that issuer’s debt securities.
In periods of falling interest rates, the prepayment rate tends to increase, shortening the average life of a pool. Because prepayments of principal generally occur when interest rates are declining, it is likely that the Fund, to the extent that it retains the same percentage of debt securities, may have to reinvest the proceeds of prepayments at lower interest rates than those of its previous investments. If this occurs, that Fund’s yield will correspondingly decline. Thus, mortgage-related securities may have less potential for capital appreciation in periods of falling interest rates than other fixed income securities of comparable duration, although they may have a comparable risk of decline in market value in periods of rising interest rates. To the extent that the Fund purchases mortgage-related securities at a premium, unscheduled prepayments, which are made at par, result in a loss equal to any unamortized premium.
Duration is one of the fundamental tools used by a Fund’s subadviser in managing interest rate risks including prepayment risks. Traditionally, a debt security’s “term to maturity” characterizes a security’s sensitivity to changes in interest rates. “Term to maturity,” however, measures only the time until a debt security provides its final payment, taking no account of prematurity payments. Most debt securities provide interest (“coupon”) payments in addition to a final (“par”) payment at maturity, and some securities have call provisions allowing the issuer to repay the instrument in full before maturity date, each of which affect the security’s response to interest rate changes. “Duration” therefore is generally considered a more precise measure of interest rate risk than “term to maturity.” Determining duration may involve a subadviser’s estimates of future economic parameters, which may vary from actual future values. Generally fixed income securities with longer effective durations are more responsive to interest rate fluctuations than those with shorter effective durations. For example, if interest rates rise by 1%, the value of securities having an effective duration of three years will generally decrease by approximately 3%.
Descriptions of some of the different types of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities most commonly acquired by the Funds are provided below. In addition to those shown, other types of mortgage-related and asset-backed investments are, or may become, available for investment by the Funds.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”)
CMOs are hybrid instruments with characteristics of both mortgage-backed and mortgage pass-through securities. Interest and prepaid principal on a CMO are paid, in most cases, monthly. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities
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guaranteed by entities such as GNMA, FHLMC, or FNMA, and their income streams.
CMOs are typically structured in multiple classes, each bearing a different stated maturity. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the prepayment experience of the collateral. CMOs provide for a modified form of call protection through a de facto breakdown of the underlying pool of mortgages according to how quickly the loans are repaid. Monthly payment of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, is first returned to investors holding the shortest maturity class. Investors holding the longer maturity classes typically receive principal only after the first class has been retired. An investor may be partially guarded against a sooner than desired return of principal because of the sequential payments.
FHLMC CMOs are debt obligations of FHLMC issued in multiple classes having different maturity dates and are secured by the pledge of a pool of conventional mortgage loans purchased by FHLMC. The amount of principal payable on each monthly payment date is determined in accordance with FHLMC’s mandatory sinking fund schedule. Sinking fund payments in the CMOs are allocated to the retirement of the individual classes of bonds in the order of their stated maturities. Payments of principal on the mortgage loans in the collateral pool in excess of the amount of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund obligation for any payment date are paid to the holders of the CMOs as additional sinking-fund payments. Because of the “pass-through” nature of all principal payments received on the collateral pool in excess of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund requirement, the rate at which principal of the CMOs is actually repaid is likely to be such that each class of bonds will be retired in advance of its scheduled maturity date. If collection of principal (including prepayments) on the mortgage loans during any semiannual payment period is not sufficient to meet FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund obligation on the next sinking fund payment date, FHLMC agrees to make up the deficiency from its general funds.
CMO Residuals
CMO residuals are derivative mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans. As described above, the cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of CMOs is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses of the issuer. The “residual” in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and, in particular, the prepayment experience on the mortgage assets. In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. In certain circumstances a Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in a CMO residual.
CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. The CMO residual market currently may not have the liquidity of other more established securities trading in other markets. CMO residuals may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability, may be deemed illiquid and therefore subject to the Funds’ limitations
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on investment in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
Mortgage Pass-through Securities
Mortgage pass-through securities are interests in pools of mortgage loans, assembled and issued by various governmental, government-related, and private organizations. Unlike other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates, these securities provide a monthly payment consisting of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs. “Modified pass-through” securities (such as securities issued by GNMA) entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
The principal governmental guarantor of U.S. mortgage-related securities is GNMA. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the United States Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of Federal Housing Administration insured or Veterans Administration guaranteed mortgages. Government-related guarantors whose obligations are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. FHLMC issues Participation Certificates that represent interests in conventional mortgages from FHLMC’s national portfolio. FNMA and FHLMC guarantee the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal on securities they issue, but the securities they issue are neither issued nor guaranteed by the United States Government.
Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/ or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments for such securities. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers. Such insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets a Fund’s investment quality standards. There can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. A Fund may buy mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees if, through an examination of the loan experience and practices of the originator/servicers and poolers, the
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Fund’s subadviser determines that the securities meet the Fund’s quality standards. Securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable and may therefore be subject to the Funds’ limitations on investments in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
Mortgage-backed securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, are not subject to the Funds’ industry concentration restrictions set forth in the “Investment Restrictions” section of this SAI by virtue of the exclusion from the test available to all U.S. Government securities. The Funds will take the position that privately-issued, mortgage-related securities, and other asset-backed securities, do not represent interests in any particular “industry” or group of industries. The assets underlying such securities may be represented by a portfolio of first lien residential mortgages (including both whole mortgage loans and mortgage participation interests) or portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC. Mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-related security may in turn be insured or guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration or the Department of Veterans Affairs. In the case of private issue mortgage-related securities whose underlying assets are neither U.S. Government securities nor U.S. Government-insured mortgages, to the extent that real properties securing such assets may be located in the same geographical region, the security may be subject to a greater risk of default than other comparable securities in the event of adverse economic, political or business developments that may affect such region and, ultimately, the ability of residential homeowners to make payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.
It is possible that the availability and the marketability (that is, liquidity) of the securities discussed in this section could be adversely affected by the actions of the U.S. Government to tighten the availability of its credit. On September 7, 2008, the FHFA, an agency of the U.S. Government, placed FNMA and FHLMC into conservatorship, a statutory process with the objective of returning the entities to normal business operations. FHFA will act as the conservator to operate FNMA and FHLMC until they are stabilized. The conservatorship is still in effect as of the date of this SAI and has no specified termination date. There can be no assurance as to when or how the conservatorship will be terminated or whether FNMA or FHLMC will continue to exist following the conservatorship or what their respective business structures will be during or following the conservatorship. FHFA, as conservator, has the power to repudiate any contract entered into by FNMA or FHLMC prior to its appointment if it determines that performance of the contract is burdensome and repudiation of the contract promotes the orderly administration of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s affairs. Furthermore, FHFA has the right to transfer or sell any asset or liability of FNMA or FHLMC without any approval, assignment or consent. If FHFA were to transfer any such guarantee obligation to another party, holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would have to rely on that party for satisfaction of the guarantee obligation and would be exposed to the credit risk of that party.
Other Asset-Backed Securities
Through trusts and other special purpose entities, various types of securities based on financial assets other than mortgage loans are increasingly available, in both pass-through structures similar to mortgage pass-through securities described above and in other structures more like CMOs. As with mortgage-related securities, these asset-backed securities are often backed by a pool of financial assets representing the obligations of a number of different parties. They often include credit-enhancement features similar to mortgage-related securities.
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Financial assets on which these securities are based include automobile receivables; credit card receivables; loans to finance boats, recreational vehicles, and mobile homes; computer, copier, railcar, and medical equipment leases; and trade, healthcare, and franchise receivables. In general, the obligations supporting these asset-backed securities are of shorter maturities than mortgage loans and are less likely to experience substantial prepayments. However, obligations such as credit card receivables are generally unsecured and the obligors are often entitled to protection under a number of consumer credit laws granting, among other things, rights to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thus reducing the balance due. Other obligations that are secured, such as automobile receivables, may present issuers with difficulties in perfecting and executing on the security interests, particularly where the issuer allows the servicers of the receivables to retain possession of the underlying obligations, thus increasing the risk that recoveries on defaulted obligations may not be adequate to support payments on the securities.
Stripped Mortgage-backed Securities (“SMBS”)
SMBS are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. They may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans. SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the interest-only or “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or “PO” class). The yield to maturity on an IO class security is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on a Fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories. The market value of the PO class generally is unusually volatile in response to changes in interest rates.
Although SMBS are purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers, these securities were only recently developed. As a result, established trading markets have not yet developed and, accordingly, these securities may be deemed illiquid and therefore subject to the Funds’ limitations on investment in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
Each Fund may invest in other mortgage-related securities with features similar to those described above, to the extent consistent with the relevant Fund’s investment objectives and policies.
Options
Each Fund may purchase or sell put and call options on securities, indices and other financial instruments. Options may relate to particular securities, foreign and domestic securities indices, financial instruments, volatility, credit default, foreign currencies or the yield differential between two securities. Such options may or may not be listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange and may or may not be issued by the OCC.
A call option for a particular security gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and a writer the obligation to sell, the underlying security at the stated exercise price before the expiration of the option,
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regardless of the market price of the security. A premium is paid to the writer by the purchaser in consideration for undertaking the obligation under the option contract. A put option for a particular security gives the purchaser the right to sell and a writer the obligation to buy the security at the stated exercise price before the expiration date of the option, regardless of the market price of the security.
To the extent required to comply with SEC Release No. IC-10666, options written by a Fund will be covered and will remain covered as long as the Fund is obligated as a writer. A call option is “covered” if the Fund owns the underlying security or its equivalent covered by the call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash consideration (or for additional cash consideration if such cash is segregated) upon conversion or exchange of other securities held in its portfolio. A call option is also covered if the Fund holds on a share-for-share or equal principal amount basis a call on the same security as the call written where the exercise price of the call held is equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written or greater than the exercise price of the call written if appropriate liquid assets representing the difference are segregated by the Fund. A put option is “covered” if the Fund maintains appropriate liquid securities with a value equal to the exercise price, or owns on a share-for-share or equal principal amount basis a put on the same security as the put written where the exercise price of the put held is equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put written.
A Fund’s obligation to sell an instrument subject to a covered call option written by it, or to purchase an instrument subject to a secured put option written by it, may be terminated before the expiration of the option by the Fund’s execution of a closing purchase transaction. This means that a Fund buys an option of the same series (i.e., same underlying instrument, exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously written. Such a purchase does not result in the ownership of an option. A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily be effected to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying instrument or to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms on such underlying instrument. The cost of such a closing purchase plus related transaction costs may be greater than the premium received upon the original option, in which event the Fund will experience a loss. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option. A Fund that has written an option and is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction will not be able to sell the underlying instrument (in the case of a covered call option) or liquidate the segregated assets (in the case of a secured put option) until the option expires or the optioned instrument is delivered upon exercise. The Fund will be subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the instrument during such period.
To the extent required to comply with SEC Release No. IC-10666, when entering into an option transaction, a Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily equal to the prescribed amount. For options transactions, the prescribed amount will generally be the market value of the underlying instrument but will not be less than the exercise price.
Options purchased are recorded as an asset and written options are recorded as liabilities to the extent of premiums paid or received. The amount of this asset or liability will be subsequently marked-to-market to reflect the current value of the option purchased or written. The current value of the traded option is the last sale price or, in the
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absence of a sale, the current bid price. If an option purchased by a Fund expires unexercised, the Fund will realize a loss equal to the premium paid. If a Fund enters into a closing sale transaction on an option purchased by it, the Fund will realize a gain if the premium received by the Fund on the closing transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the option, or a loss if it is less. If an option written by a Fund expires on the stipulated expiration date or if a Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction, it will realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the net premium received when the option is sold), and the liability related to such option will be eliminated. If an option written by a Fund is exercised, the proceeds of the sale will be increased by the net premium originally received and the Fund will realize a gain or loss.
Options trading is a highly specialized activity that entails more complex and potentially greater than ordinary investment risk. Options may be more volatile than the underlying instruments and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the underlying instruments themselves.
There are several other risks associated with options. For example, there are significant differences among the securities, currency, volatility, credit default and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation among these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options, whether traded over-the-counter or on an exchange, may be absent for reasons that include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities or currencies; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or the OCC may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading value; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by the OCC as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
The staff of the SEC currently takes the position that options not traded on registered domestic securities exchanges and the assets used to cover the amount of the Fund’s obligation pursuant to such options are illiquid, and are therefore subject to each Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities. However, for options written with “primary dealers” in U.S. Government securities pursuant to an agreement requiring a closing transaction at the formula price, the amount considered to be illiquid may be calculated by reference to a formula price. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
Options on Indexes and “Yield Curve” Options
Each Fund may enter into options on indexes or options on the “spread,” or yield differential, between two fixed income securities, in transactions referred to as “yield curve” options. Options on indexes and yield curve options provide the holder with the right to make or receive a cash settlement upon exercise of the option. With respect to options on indexes, the amount of the settlement will equal the difference between the closing price of the index at the time of exercise and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars, times a specified multiple. With respect to yield curve options, the
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amount of the settlement will equal the difference between the yields of designated securities.
With respect to yield curve options, a call or put option is covered if a Fund holds another call or put, respectively, on the spread between the same two securities and maintains in a segregated account liquid assets sufficient to cover the Fund’s net liability under the two options. Therefore, the Fund’s liability for such a covered option is generally limited to the difference between the amount of the Fund’s liability under the option it wrote less the value of the option it holds. A Fund may also cover yield curve options in such other manner as may be in accordance with the requirements of the counterparty with which the option is traded and applicable laws and regulations.
The trading of these types of options is subject to all of the risks associated with the trading of other types of options. In addition, however, yield curve options present risk of loss even if the yield of one of the underlying securities remains constant, if the spread moves in a direction or to an extent which was not anticipated.
Reset Options
In certain instances, a Fund may purchase or write options on U.S. Treasury securities, which provide for periodic adjustment of the strike price and may also provide for the periodic adjustment of the premium during the term of each such option. Like other types of options, these transactions, which may be referred to as “reset” options or “adjustable strike” options grant the purchaser the right to purchase (in the case of a call) or sell (in the case of a put), a specified type of U.S. Treasury security at any time up to a stated expiration date (or, in certain instances, on such date). In contrast to other types of options, however, the price at which the underlying security may be purchased or sold under a “reset” option is determined at various intervals during the term of the option, and such price fluctuates from interval to interval based on changes in the market value of the underlying security. As a result, the strike price of a “reset” option, at the time of exercise, may be less advantageous than if the strike price had been fixed at the initiation of the option. In addition, the premium paid for the purchase of the option may be determined at the termination, rather than the initiation, of the option. If the premium for a reset option written by a Fund is paid at termination, the Fund assumes the risk that (i) the premium may be less than the premium which would otherwise have been received at the initiation of the option because of such factors as the volatility in yield of the underlying Treasury security over the term of the option and adjustments made to the strike price of the option, and (ii) the option purchaser may default on its obligation to pay the premium at the termination of the option. Conversely, where a Fund purchases a reset option, it could be required to pay a higher premium than would have been the case at the initiation of the option.
Swap Agreements
Each Fund may enter into swap agreements on, among other things, interest rates, indices, securities and currency exchange rates. A Fund’s subadviser may use swaps in an attempt to obtain for the Fund a particular desired return at a lower cost to the Fund than if the Fund had invested directly in an instrument that yielded that desired return. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods typically ranging from a few weeks to more than one year. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” i.e., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign currency, or in a “basket” of securities representing a particular index. The
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“notional amount” of the swap agreement is only a fictive basis on which to calculate the obligations the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange. A Fund’s obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the “net amount”). A Fund’s obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily on the Fund’s accounting records (offset against any amounts owing to the Fund) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by specifically designating on the accounting records of the Fund liquid assets to avoid leveraging of the Fund’s portfolio.
Because swap agreements are two-party contracts and may have terms of greater than seven days, they may be considered to be illiquid and therefore subject to the Funds’ limitations on investment in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.) Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. A Fund’s subadviser will cause the Fund to enter into swap agreements only with counterparties that would be eligible for consideration as repurchase agreement counterparties under the Funds’ repurchase agreement guidelines. (See “Repurchase Agreements” in this section of the SAI.) Certain restrictions imposed on the Funds by the Code may limit the Funds’ ability to use swap agreements. (See the “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” section of this SAI.) The swaps market is a relatively new market and is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect a Fund’s ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Certain swap agreements are exempt from most provisions of the CEA and, therefore, are not regulated as futures or commodity option transactions under the CEA, pursuant to regulations of the CFTC. To qualify for this exemption, a swap agreement must be entered into by eligible participants and must meet certain conditions (each pursuant to the CEA and regulations of the CFTC). However, recent CFTC rule amendments dictate that certain swap agreements be considered commodity interests for purposes of the CEA. (See “Commodity Interests” in this section of the SAI for additional information regarding the implications of investments being considered commodity interests under the CEA.)
Recently, the SEC and the CFTC have developed rules under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act to create a new, comprehensive regulatory framework for swap transactions. Under the new regulations, certain swap transactions will be required to be executed on a regulated trading platform and cleared through a derivatives clearing organization. Additionally, the new regulations impose other requirements on the parties entering into swap transactions, including requirements relating to posting margin, and reporting and documenting swap transactions. A Fund engaging in swap transactions may incur additional expenses as a result of these new regulatory requirements. The Adviser is continuing to monitor the implementation of the new regulations and to assess their impact on the Funds.
Credit Default Swap Agreements
Each Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements. A credit default swap is a bilateral financial contract in which one party (the protection buyer) pays a periodic fee in return for a contingent payment by the protection seller following a credit event of a reference issuer. The protection buyer must either sell particular obligations issued by the reference issuer for its par value (or some other
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designated reference or strike price) when a credit event occurs or receive a cash settlement based on the difference between the market price and such reference price. A credit event is commonly defined as bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership, material adverse restructuring of debt, or failure to meet payment obligations when due. A Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If a Fund is a buyer and no event of default occurs, the Fund loses its investment and recovers nothing; however, if an event of default occurs, the Fund receives full notional value for a reference obligation that may have little or no value. As a seller, a Fund receives a periodic fee throughout the term of the contract, provided there is no default event; if an event of default occurs, the Fund must pay the buyer the full notional value of the reference obligation. The value of the reference obligation received by the Fund as a seller, coupled with the periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value the Fund pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the Fund.
As with other swaps, when a Fund enters into a credit default swap agreement, to the extent required by applicable law and regulation the Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily, equal to the Fund’s net exposure under the swap (the “Segregated Assets”). Generally, the minimum cover amount for a swap agreement is the amount owed by the Fund, if any, on a daily mark-to-market basis. With respect to swap contracts that provide for the netting of payments, the net amount of the excess, if any, of the Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap contract will be accrued on a daily basis and an amount of Segregated Assets having an aggregate market value at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained to cover the transactions in accordance with SEC positions. With respect to swap contracts that do not provide for the netting of payments by the counterparties, the full notional amount for which the Fund is obligated under the swap contract with respect to each swap contract will be accrued on a daily basis and an amount of Segregated Assets having an aggregate market value at least equal to the accrued full notional value will be maintained to cover the transactions in accordance with SEC positions. When the Fund sells protection on an individual credit default swap, upon a credit event, the Fund may be obligated to pay the cash equivalent value of the asset. Therefore, the cover amount will be the notional value of the underlying credit. With regard to selling protection on an index (CDX), as a practical matter, the Fund would not be required to pay the full notional amount of the index; therefore, only the amount owed by the Fund, if any, on a daily mark-to-market basis is required as cover.
Credit default swaps involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly. In addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risks. A Fund will enter into swap agreements only with counterparties deemed creditworthy by the Fund’s subadviser.
Equity Securities
The Funds may invest in equity securities. Equity securities include common stocks, preferred stocks and preference stocks; securities such as bonds, warrants or rights that are convertible into stocks; and depositary receipts for those securities.
Common stockholders are the owners of the company issuing the stock and, accordingly, usually have the right to vote on various corporate governance matters such as mergers. They are not creditors of the company, but rather, in the event of liquidation of the company, would be entitled to their pro rata shares of the company’s assets after creditors (including fixed income security holders) and, if
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applicable, preferred stockholders are paid. Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to dividends or upon liquidation. A preferred stockholder is a shareholder in the company and not a creditor of the company as is a holder of the company’s fixed income securities. Dividends paid to common and preferred stockholders are distributions of the earnings or other surplus of the company and not interest payments, which are expenses of the company. Equity securities owned by the Fund may be traded in the over-the-counter market or on a securities exchange and may not be traded every day or in the volume typical of securities traded on a major U.S. national securities exchange. As a result, disposition by the Fund of a portfolio security to meet redemptions by shareholders or otherwise may require the Fund to sell the security at less than the reported value of the security, to sell during periods when disposition is not desirable, or to make many small sales over a lengthy period of time. The market value of all securities, including equity securities, is based upon the market’s perception of value and not necessarily the book value of an issuer or other objective measure of a company’s worth.
Stock values may fluctuate in response to the activities of an individual company or in response to general market and/or economic conditions. Historically, common stocks have provided greater long-term returns and have entailed greater short-term risks than other types of securities. Smaller or newer issuers may be more likely to realize more substantial growth or suffer more significant losses. Investments in these companies can be both more volatile and more speculative. Fluctuations in the value of equity securities in which a Fund invests will cause the NAV of the Fund to fluctuate.
Securities of Small and Mid Capitalization Companies
While small and medium-sized issuers in which a Fund invests may offer greater opportunities for capital appreciation than larger market capitalization issuers, investments in such companies may involve greater risks and thus may be considered speculative. For example, smaller companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent on a limited management group. In addition, many small and mid-capitalization company stocks trade less frequently and in smaller volume, and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements, than stocks of larger companies. The securities of small and mid-capitalization companies may also be more sensitive to market changes than the securities of larger companies. When a Fund invests in small or mid-capitalization companies, these factors may result in above-average fluctuations in the NAV of the Fund’s shares. Therefore, a Fund investing in such securities should be considered as a long-term investment and not as a vehicle for seeking short-term profits. Similarly, an investment in a Fund solely investing in such securities should not be considered a complete investment program.
Market capitalizations of companies in which the Funds invest are determined at the time of purchase.
Unseasoned Companies
As a matter of operating policy, each Fund may invest to a limited extent in securities of unseasoned companies and new issues. The Adviser regards a company as unseasoned when, for example, it is relatively new to, or not yet well established in, its primary line of business. Such companies generally are smaller and younger than companies whose shares are traded on the major stock exchanges. Accordingly, their shares are often traded over-the-counter and their share prices may be more volatile than those of larger, exchange-listed companies. Generally a Fund will not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any one company with a record of fewer than three years’ continuous operation (including that of predecessors).
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Foreign Investing
The Funds may invest in a broad range of securities of foreign issuers, including equity, debt and convertible securities and foreign government securities. The Funds may purchase the securities of issuers from various countries, including countries commonly referred to as “emerging markets.” The Funds may also invest in domestic securities denominated in foreign currencies.
Investing in the securities of foreign companies involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These include differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, generally higher commission rates on foreign portfolio transactions, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, political instability which could affect U.S. investments in foreign countries, and potential restrictions on the flow of international capital. Foreign issuers may become subject to sanctions imposed by the United States or another country, which could result in the immediate freeze of the foreign issuers’ assets or securities. The imposition of such sanctions could impair the market value of the securities of such foreign issuers and limit a Fund’s ability to buy, sell, receive or deliver the securities. Additionally, dividends payable on foreign securities may be subject to foreign taxes withheld prior to distribution. Foreign securities often trade with less frequency and volume than domestic securities and therefore may exhibit greater price volatility. Changes in foreign exchange rates will affect the value of those securities which are denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Many of the foreign securities held by a Fund will not be registered with, nor will the issuers thereof be subject to the reporting requirements of, the SEC. Accordingly, there may be less publicly available information about the securities and about the foreign company or government issuing them than is available about a domestic company or government entity. Moreover, individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States economy in such respects as growth of Gross National Product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payment positions. Finally, the Funds may encounter difficulty in obtaining and enforcing judgments against issuers of foreign securities.
Securities of U.S. issuers denominated in foreign currencies may be less liquid and their prices more volatile than securities issued by domestic issuers and denominated in U.S. dollars. In addition, investing in securities denominated in foreign currencies often entails costs not associated with investment in U.S. dollar-denominated securities of U.S. issuers, such as the cost of converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars, higher brokerage commissions, custodial expenses and other fees. Non-U.S. dollar denominated securities may be subject to certain withholding and other taxes of the relevant jurisdiction, which may reduce the yield on the securities to the Funds and which may not be recoverable by the Funds or their investors.
The Trust may use an eligible foreign custodian in connection with its purchases of foreign securities and may maintain cash and cash equivalents in the care of a foreign custodian. The amount of cash or cash equivalents maintained in the care of eligible foreign custodians will be limited to an amount reasonably necessary to effect the Trust’s foreign securities transactions. The use of a foreign custodian invokes considerations which are not ordinarily associated with domestic custodians. These considerations include the possibility of expropriations, restricted access to books and records of the foreign custodian, inability to recover assets that are lost while under the control of the foreign custodian, and the impact of political, social or diplomatic developments.
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Settlement procedures relating to the Funds’ investments in foreign securities and to the Funds’ foreign currency exchange transactions may be more complex than settlements with respect to investments in debt or equity securities of U.S. issuers, and may involve certain risks not present in the Funds’ domestic investments. For example, settlement of transactions involving foreign securities or foreign currency may occur within a foreign country, and a Fund may be required to accept or make delivery of the underlying securities or currency in conformity with any applicable U.S. or foreign restrictions or regulations, and may be required to pay any fees, taxes or charges associated with such delivery. Such investments may also involve the risk that an entity involved in the settlement may not meet its obligations. Settlement procedures in many foreign countries are less established than those in the United States, and some foreign country settlement periods can be significantly longer than those in the United States.
Depositary Receipts
Each Fund permitted to hold foreign securities may also hold ADRs, ADSs, GDRs and EDRs. ADRs and ADSs typically are issued by an American bank or trust company and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. EDRs, which are sometimes referred to as CDRs, are issued in Europe typically by foreign banks and trust companies and evidence ownership of either foreign or domestic securities. GDRs are similar to EDRs and are designed for use in several international financial markets. Generally, ADRs and ADSs in registered form are designed for use in United States securities markets and EDRs in bearer form are designed for use in European securities markets. For purposes of a Fund’s investment policies, its investments in ADRs, ADSs, GDRs and EDRs will be deemed to be investments in the underlying foreign securities.
Depositary Receipts may be issued pursuant to sponsored or unsponsored programs. In sponsored programs, an issuer has made arrangements to have its securities traded in the form of Depositary Receipts. In unsponsored programs, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation of the program. Although regulatory requirements with respect to sponsored and unsponsored programs are generally similar, in some cases it may be easier to obtain financial information from an issuer that has participated in the creation of a sponsored program. Accordingly, there may be less information available regarding issuers of securities underlying unsponsored programs and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts. For purposes of the Fund’s investment policies, investments in Depositary Receipts will be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities. Thus, a Depositary Receipt representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock.
Depositary Receipts are generally subject to the same sort of risks as direct investments in a foreign country, such as currency risk, political and economic risk, and market risk, because their values generally depend on the performance of a foreign security denominated in its home currency. (The risks of foreign investing are addressed above in this section of the SAI under the heading “Foreign Investing.”) In addition to risks associated with the underlying portfolio of securities, receipt holders also must consider credit standings of the custodians and broker/dealer sponsors. The receipts are not registered with the SEC and qualify as Rule 144A securities which may make them more difficult and costly to sell. (For information about Rule 144A securities, see “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
Emerging Market Securities
The Funds may invest in countries or regions with relatively low gross national product per capita compared to the world’s major economies, and in countries or regions with the potential for rapid economic
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growth (emerging markets). Emerging markets will include any country: (i) having an “emerging stock market” as defined by the International Finance Corporation; (ii) with low-to-middle-income economies according to the World Bank; (iii) listed in World Bank publications as developing; or (iv) determined by the adviser to be an emerging market as defined above.
Certain emerging market countries are either comparatively underdeveloped or are in the process of becoming developed and may consequently be economically dependent on a relatively few or closely interdependent industries. A high proportion of the securities of many emerging market issuers may also be held by a limited number of large investors trading significant blocks of securities. While a Fund’s subadviser will strive to be sensitive to publicized reversals of economic conditions, political unrest and adverse changes in trading status, unanticipated political and social developments may affect the values of the Fund’s investments in such countries and the availability of additional investments in such countries.
The risks of investing in foreign securities may be intensified in the case of investments in emerging markets. Securities of many issuers in emerging markets may be less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable domestic issuers. Emerging markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of a Fund is uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of a Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of portfolio securities due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in value of portfolio securities or, if a Fund has entered into a contract to sell the security, in possible liability to the purchaser. Securities prices in emerging markets can be significantly more volatile than in the more developed nations of the world, reflecting the greater uncertainties of investing in less established markets and economies. In particular, countries with emerging markets may have relatively unstable governments, present the risk of nationalization of businesses, restrictions on foreign ownership, or prohibitions of repatriation of assets, and may have less protection of property rights than more developed countries.
Certain emerging markets may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors. In addition, a country could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances, whether because deterioration occurs in an emerging market’s balance of payments or for other reasons. The Funds could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to the Funds of any restrictions on investments.
Investments in certain foreign emerging market debt obligations may be restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times preclude investment in certain foreign emerging market debt obligations and increase the expenses of the Funds.
Foreign Currency Transactions
When investing in securities denominated in foreign currencies, the Funds will be subject to the additional risk of currency fluctuations. An adverse change in the value of a particular foreign currency as against the U.S. dollar, to the extent that such change is not offset by a gain in other foreign currencies, will result in a decrease in the
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Fund’s assets. Any such change may also have the effect of decreasing or limiting the income available for distribution. Foreign currencies may be affected by revaluation, adverse political and economic developments, and governmental restrictions. Further, no assurance can be given that currency exchange controls will not be imposed on any particular currency at a later date.
As a result of its investments in foreign securities, a Fund may receive interest or dividend payments, or the proceeds of the sale or redemption of such securities, in the foreign currencies in which such securities are denominated. In that event, the Fund may convert such currencies into dollars at the then current exchange rate. Under certain circumstances, however, such as where the Fund’s subadviser believes that the applicable rate is unfavorable at the time the currencies are received or the Fund’s subadviser anticipates, for any other reason, that the exchange rate will improve, the Fund may hold such currencies for an indefinite period of time.
In addition, a Fund may be required to receive delivery of the foreign currency underlying forward foreign currency contracts it has entered into. This could occur, for example, if an option written by the Fund is exercised or the Fund is unable to close out a forward contract. A Fund may hold foreign currency in anticipation of purchasing foreign securities.
A Fund may also elect to take delivery of the currencies’ underlying options or forward contracts if, in the judgment of the Fund’s subadviser, it is in the best interest of the Fund to do so. In such instances as well, the Fund may convert the foreign currencies to dollars at the then current exchange rate, or may hold such currencies for an indefinite period of time.
While the holding of currencies will permit a Fund to take advantage of favorable movements in the applicable exchange rate, it also exposes the Fund to risk of loss if such rates move in a direction adverse to the Fund’s position. Such losses could reduce any profits or increase any losses sustained by the Fund from the sale or redemption of securities, and could reduce the dollar value of interest or dividend payments received. In addition, the holding of currencies could adversely affect the Fund’s profit or loss on currency options or forward contracts, as well as its hedging strategies.
When a Fund effects foreign currency exchange transactions on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign exchange market, the Fund incurs expenses in converting assets from one currency to another. A Fund may also effect other types of foreign currency exchange transactions, which have their own risks and costs. For information about such transactions, please see “Foreign Currency Forward Contracts, Futures and Options” under “Derivatives” in this section of the SAI.
Foreign Investment Companies
Some of the countries in which the Funds may invest may not permit, or may place economic restrictions on, direct investment by outside investors. Investments in such countries may be permitted only through foreign government-approved or -authorized investment vehicles, which may include other investment companies. These funds may also invest in other investment companies that invest in foreign securities. Investing through such vehicles may involve frequent or layered fees or expenses and may also be subject to limitation under the 1940 Act. As a shareholder of another investment company, the Fund would bear, along with other shareholders, its pro rata portion of the other investment company’s expenses, including advisory fees. Those expenses would be in addition to the advisory and other expenses that the Fund bears directly in connection with its own operations. For additional information, see “Mutual Fund Investing” in this section of the SAI.
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Privatizations
The governments of some foreign countries have been engaged in programs of selling part or all of their stakes in government owned or controlled enterprises (“privatizations”). Privatizations may offer opportunities for significant capital appreciation. In certain foreign countries, the ability of foreign entities such as the Funds to participate in privatizations may be limited by local law, or the terms on which a Fund may be permitted to participate may be less advantageous than those for local investors. There can be no assurance that foreign governments will continue to sell companies currently owned or controlled by them or that privatization programs will be successful.
Funding Agreements
Each Fund may invest in funding agreements, which are insurance contracts between an investor and the issuing insurance company. For the issuer, they represent senior obligations under an insurance product. For the investor, and from a regulatory perspective, these agreements are treated as securities. These agreements, like other insurance products, are backed by claims on the general assets of the issuing entity and rank on the same priority level as other policy holder claims. Funding agreements typically are issued with a one-year final maturity and a variable interest rate, which may adjust weekly, monthly, or quarterly. Some agreements carry a seven-day put feature. A funding agreement without this feature is considered illiquid and will therefore be subject to the Funds’ limitations on investments in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.) Funding agreements are regulated by the state insurance board of the state where they are executed.
Guaranteed Investment Contracts
Each Fund may invest in GICs issued by U.S. and Canadian insurance companies. A GIC requires the investor to make cash contributions to a deposit fund of an insurance company’s general account. The insurance company then makes payments to the investor based on negotiated, floating or fixed interest rates. A GIC is a general obligation of the issuing insurance company and not a separate account. The purchase price paid for a GIC becomes part of the general assets of the insurance company, and the contract is paid from the insurance company’s general assets. Generally, a GIC is not assignable or transferable without the permission of the issuing insurance company, and an active secondary market in GICs does not currently exist. Therefore, these investments may be deemed to be illiquid, in which case they will be subject to the Funds’ limitations on investments in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
Illiquid and Restricted Securities
Each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in securities that are considered illiquid. Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been registered under the 1933 Act (“restricted securities”), securities that are otherwise not readily marketable, such as over-the-counter options, and repurchase agreements not entitling the holder to payment of principal in seven days. Such securities may offer higher yields than comparable publicly traded securities, and they also may incur higher risks.
Repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements and time deposits that do not provide for payment to the Fund within seven days after notice or which have a term greater than seven days are deemed illiquid securities for this purpose unless such securities are variable amount master demand notes with maturities of nine months or less or unless the Fund’s subadviser has determined that an adequate trading market exists for such securities or that market quotations are readily available.
The Small-Cap Core Fund may not invest, in the aggregate, more than 10% of net assets in illiquid securities.
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The Funds may purchase Rule 144A securities sold to institutional investors without registration under the 1933 Act and commercial paper issued in reliance upon the exemption in Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act, for which an institutional market has developed. Institutional investors depend on an efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily resold or on the issuer’s ability to honor a demand for repayment of the unregistered security.
Although the securities described in this section generally will be considered illiquid, a security’s contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of the security and therefore these securities may be determined to be liquid in accordance with guidelines established by the Board. The Trustees have delegated to each Fund’s subadviser the day-to-day determination of the liquidity of such securities in the respective Fund’s portfolio, although they have retained oversight and ultimate responsibility for such determinations. Although no definite quality criteria are used, the Trustees have directed the subadvisers to consider such factors as (i) the nature of the market for a security (including the institutional private resale markets); (ii) the terms of these securities or other instruments allowing for the disposition to a third party or the issuer thereof  (e.g. certain repurchase obligations and demand instruments); (iii) availability of market quotations; and (iv) other permissible factors. The Trustees monitor implementation of the guidelines on a periodic basis.
If illiquid securities exceed 15% of a Fund’s net assets after the time of purchase, the Fund will take steps to reduce in an orderly fashion its holdings of illiquid securities. Because illiquid securities may not be readily marketable, the relevant Fund’s subadviser may not be able to dispose of them in a timely manner. As a result, the Fund may be forced to hold illiquid securities while their price depreciates. Depreciation in the price of illiquid securities may cause the NAV of the Fund holding them to decline. A security that is determined by a Fund’s subadviser to be liquid may subsequently revert to being illiquid if not enough buyer interest exists.
Restricted securities ordinarily can be sold by the Fund in secondary market transactions to certain qualified investors pursuant to rules established by the SEC, in privately negotiated transactions to a limited number of purchasers or in a public offering made pursuant to an effective registration statement under the 1933 Act. When registration is required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses and a considerable time may elapse between the decision to sell and the sale date. If, during such period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than the price which prevailed when it decided to sell.
Restricted securities will be priced at fair value as determined in good faith by the Trustees or their delegate.
Leverage
Each Fund may employ investment techniques that create leverage, either by using borrowed capital to increase the amount invested, or investing in instruments, including derivatives, where the investment loss can exceed the original amount invested. Certain investments or trading strategies that involve leverage can result in losses that greatly exceed the amount originally invested.
The SEC takes the position that transactions that have a leveraging effect on the capital structure of a mutual fund or are economically equivalent to borrowing can be viewed as constituting a form of borrowing by the fund for purposes of the 1940 Act. These transactions can include buying and selling certain derivatives (such
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as futures contracts); selling (or writing) put and call options; engaging in sale-buybacks; entering into firm-commitment and stand-by commitment agreements; engaging in when-issued, delayed-delivery, or forward-commitment transactions; and other similar trading practices (additional discussion about a number of these transactions can be found throughout this section of the SAI). As a result, when a Fund enters into such transactions the transactions may be subject to the same requirements and restrictions as borrowing. (See “Borrowing” below for additional information.)
The following are some of the Funds’ permitted investment techniques that are generally viewed as creating leverage for the Funds.
Borrowing
A Fund’s ability to borrow money is limited by its investment policies and limitations, by the 1940 Act, and by applicable exemptions, no-action letters, interpretations, and other pronouncements issued from time to time by the SEC and its staff or any other regulatory authority with jurisdiction. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets made for temporary or emergency purposes. Any borrowings for temporary purposes in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets must maintain continuous asset coverage. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or for other reasons, a Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days (excluding Sundays and holidays) to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time.
Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of a Fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by earnings on the securities purchased. A Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with a borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.
Mortgage “Dollar-Roll” Transactions
Each Fund may enter into mortgage “dollar-roll” transactions pursuant to which it sells mortgage-backed securities for delivery in the future and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar securities on a specified future date. During the roll period, the Fund forgoes principal and interest paid on the mortgage-backed securities. The Fund is compensated for the lost interest by the difference between the current sales price and the lower price for the future purchase (often referred to as the “drop”) as well as by the interest earned on, and gains from, the investment of the cash proceeds of the initial sale. The Fund may also be compensated by receipt of a commitment fee. If the income and capital gains from the Fund’s investment of the cash from the initial sale do not exceed the income, capital appreciation and gain or loss that would have been realized on the securities sold as part of the dollar roll, the use of this technique will diminish the investment performance of the Fund compared with what the performance would have been without the use of the dollar roll.
Dollar-roll transactions involve the risk that the market value of the securities the Fund is required to purchase may decline below the agreed upon repurchase price of those securities. If the broker-dealer to whom the Fund sells securities becomes insolvent, the Fund’s right to purchase or repurchase securities may be restricted. Successful use of dollar rolls may depend upon the Fund’s subadviser’s ability to
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correctly predict interest rates and prepayments. There is no assurance that dollar rolls can be successfully employed.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
Reverse repurchase agreements are transactions in which the Fund sells a security and simultaneously commits to repurchase that security from the buyer, such as a bank or broker-dealer, at an agreed-upon price on an agreed-upon future date. The resale price in a reverse repurchase agreement reflects a market rate of interest that is not related to the coupon rate or maturity of the sold security. For certain demand agreements, there is no agreed-upon repurchase date and interest payments are calculated daily, often based upon the prevailing overnight repurchase rate.
Generally, a reverse repurchase agreement enables the Fund to recover for the term of the reverse repurchase agreement all or most of the cash invested in the portfolio securities sold and to keep the interest income associated with those portfolio securities. Such transactions are only advantageous if the interest cost to the Fund of the reverse repurchase transaction is less than the cost of obtaining the cash otherwise. In addition, interest costs on the money received in a reverse repurchase agreement may exceed the return received on the investments made by the Fund with those monies. Using reverse repurchase agreements to earn additional income involves the risk that the interest earned on the invested proceeds is less than the expense of the reverse repurchase agreement transaction.
Because reverse repurchase agreements are considered borrowing under the 1940 Act, while a reverse repurchase agreement is outstanding, the Fund will maintain cash and appropriate liquid assets in a segregated custodial account to cover its obligation under the agreement. A Fund will enter into reverse repurchase agreements only with parties that the Fund’s subadviser deems creditworthy, but such investments are still subject to the risks of leverage discussed above.
Master Limited Partnerships (“MLP”)
An investment in MLP units involves some risks that differ from an investment in the common stock of a corporation. Holders of MLP units have limited control on matters affecting the partnership. Conflicts of interest exist between common unit holders and the general partner, including those arising from incentive distribution payments. MLPs holding credit-related investments are subject to interest rate risk and the risk of default on payment obligations by debt issuers. MLPs that concentrate in a particular industry or a particular geographic region are subject to risks associated with such industry or region. The fees that MLPs charge for transportation of oil and gas products through their pipelines are subject to government regulation, which could negatively impact the revenue stream. Investing in MLPs also involves certain risks related to investing in the underlying assets of the MLPs and risks associated with pooled investment vehicles. These include the risk of environmental incidents, terrorist attacks, demand destruction from high commodity prices, proliferation of alternative energy sources, inadequate supply of external capital, and conflicts of interest with the general partner. There are also certain tax risks associated with investment in MLPs. The benefit derived from a Fund’s investment in MLPs is somewhat dependent on the MLP being treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, so any change to this status would adversely affect the price of MLP units. Historically, a substantial portion of the gross taxable income of MLPs has been offset by tax losses and deductions reducing gross income received by investors, and any change to these tax rules would adversely affect the price of an MLP unit. Certain MLPs may trade less frequently than other securities, and those with limited trading volumes may display volatile or erratic price movements.
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Money Market Instruments
Each Fund may invest in money market instruments, which are high-quality short-term investments. The types of money market instruments most commonly acquired by the Funds are discussed below, although each Fund is also permitted to invest in other types of money market instruments to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment limitations and restrictions.
Banker's Acceptances
A banker's acceptance is a time draft drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower usually in connection with an international commercial transaction (to finance the import, export, transfer or storage of goods). The borrower, as well as the bank, is liable for payment, and the bank unconditionally guarantees to pay the draft at its face amount on the maturity date. Most acceptances have maturities of six months or less and are traded in secondary markets prior to maturity.
Certificates of Deposit
Certificates of deposit are generally short-term, interest-bearing negotiable certificates issued by banks or savings and loan associations against funds deposited in the issuing institution. They generally may be withdrawn on demand but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties which could reduce the Fund’s yield. Deposits subject to early withdrawal penalties or that mature in more than seven days are treated as illiquid securities if there is no readily available market for the securities.
Commercial Paper
Commercial paper refers to short-term, unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations to finance short-term credit needs. Commercial paper is usually sold on a discount basis and has a maturity at the time of issuance not exceeding nine months.
Obligations of Foreign Banks and Foreign Branches of U.S. Banks
The money market instruments in which the Funds may invest include negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and time deposits of foreign branches of U.S. banks, foreign banks and their non-U.S. branches (Eurodollars), U.S. branches and agencies of foreign banks (Yankee dollars), and wholly-owned banking-related subsidiaries of foreign banks. For the purposes of each Fund’s investment policies with respect to money market instruments, obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks and of foreign banks are obligations of the issuing bank and may be general obligations of the parent bank. Such obligations, however, may be limited by the terms of a specific obligation and by government regulation. As with investment in non-U.S. securities in general, investments in the obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks and of foreign banks may subject a Fund to investment risks that are different in some respects from those of investments in obligations of domestic issuers.
Time Deposits
Time deposits are deposits in a bank or other financial institution for a specified period of time at a fixed interest rate for which a negotiable certificate is not received.
U.S. Government Obligations
Securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States Government include a variety of Treasury securities, which differ only in their interest rates, maturities, and times of issuance. Treasury bills have maturities of one year or less. Treasury notes have maturities of one to ten years, and Treasury bonds generally have maturities of greater than ten years.
Agencies of the United States Government which issue or guarantee obligations include, among others, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Farmers Home Administration, Federal Housing Administration, GNMA, Maritime Administration, Small Business Administration and The Tennessee Valley Authority. Obligations of instrumentalities of the United States Government include securities issued or guaranteed by, among others, FNMA, Federal Home Loan
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Banks, FHLMC, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Banks for Cooperatives, and the U.S. Postal Service. Some of these securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury, while still others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. There is no guarantee that the U.S. Government will provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities, now or in the future, if it is not obligated to do so by law. Accordingly, although these securities have historically involved little risk of loss of principal if held to maturity, they may involve more risk than securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government because the Fund must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the securities for repayment and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States if the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitment.
Mutual Fund Investing
Each Fund is authorized to invest in the securities of other investment companies subject to the limitations contained in the 1940 Act.
Investment companies in which the Fund may invest may include ETFs. An ETF is an investment company classified as an open-end investment company or unit investment trust that is traded similarly to a publicly traded company. Most ETFs seek to achieve the same return as a particular market index. That type of ETF is similar to an index fund in that it will primarily invest in the securities of companies that are included in a selected market index. An index-based ETF will invest in all of the securities included in the index, a representative sample of the securities included in the index, or other investments expected to produce returns substantially similar to that of the index. Other types of ETFs include leveraged or inverse ETFs, which are ETFs that seek to achieve a daily return that is a multiple or an inverse multiple of the daily return of a securities index. An important characteristic of these ETFs is that they seek to achieve their stated objectives on a daily basis, and their performance over longer periods of time can differ significantly from the multiple or inverse multiple of the index performance over those longer periods of time. ETFs also include actively managed ETFs that pursue active management strategies and publish their portfolio holdings on a frequent basis.
In connection with the management of its daily cash positions, each Fund may invest in securities issued by investment companies that invest in short-term debt securities (which may include municipal obligations that are exempt from Federal income taxes) and that seek to maintain a $1.00 NAV per share.
In certain countries, investments by the Funds may only be made through investments in other investment companies that, in turn, are authorized to invest in the securities that are issued in such countries. (See “Foreign Investment Companies” under “Foreign Investing” in this section of the SAI.)
Under the 1940 Act, a Fund generally may not own more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of an investment company, invest more than 5% of its total assets in any one investment company, or invest more than 10% of its total assets in the securities of investment companies. In some instances, a Fund may invest in an investment company in excess of these limits; for instance, with respect to investments in money market funds or investments made pursuant to exemptive rules adopted and/or orders granted by the SEC. The SEC has adopted exemptive rules to permit funds of funds to exceed these limits when complying with certain conditions, which differ depending upon whether the funds in which a fund of funds invests are affiliated or unaffiliated with the fund of funds. Many ETFs have obtained exemptive relief from the SEC to permit unaffiliated funds to invest in the ETF’s shares beyond the statutory limitations discussed above,
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subject to certain conditions. The Funds may rely on these exemptive rules and/or orders to invest in affiliated or unaffiliated mutual funds and/or unaffiliated ETFs. In addition to this, the Trust has obtained exemptive relief permitting the Funds to exceed the limitations with respect to investments in affiliated and unaffiliated funds that are not themselves funds of funds, subject to certain conditions.
The risks associated with investing in other investment companies generally reflect the risks of owning shares of the underlying securities in which those investment companies invest, although lack of liquidity in an investment company could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities. For purposes of complying with investment policies requiring a Fund to invest a percentage of its assets in a certain type of investments (e.g., stocks of small capitalization companies), the Fund generally will look through an investment company in which it invests, to categorize the investment company in accordance with the types of investments the investment company holds.
Certain investment companies in which the Funds may invest may be considered commodity pools under the CEA and applicable CFTC regulations. If a Fund invests in such an investment company, the Fund will be required to treat some or all of its holding of the investment company’s shares as a commodity interest for the purposes of determining whether the Fund is qualified to claim exclusion or exemption from regulation by the CFTC. (See “Commodity Interests” in this section of the SAI for additional information regarding the implications to the Funds of investing in commodity interests.)
Investors in each Fund should recognize that when a Fund invests in another investment company, the Fund will bear its pro rata portion of the other investment company’s expenses, including advisory fees, in addition to the expenses the Fund bears directly in connection with its own operations.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
Each Fund may invest in REITs. REITs pool investors’ funds for investment primarily in income producing commercial real estate or real estate related loans. A REIT is not taxed on income distributed to shareholders if it complies with several requirements relating to its organization, ownership, assets, and income and a requirement that it distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its taxable income (other than net capital gains) for each taxable year.
REITs can generally be classified as follows:
Equity REITs, which invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive their income primarily from rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value.
Mortgage REITs, which invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive their income primarily from interest payments.
Hybrid REITs, which combine the characteristics of both equity REITs and mortgage REITs.
REITs are structured similarly to closed-end investment companies in that they are essentially holding companies. An investor should realize that by investing in REITs indirectly through the Fund, he will bear not only his proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also, indirectly, similar expenses of the underlying REITs. (See “Mutual Fund Investing” in this section of the SAI.)
Selecting REITs requires an evaluation of the merits of each type of asset a particular REIT owns, as well as regional and local economics. Due to the proliferation of REITs in recent years and the relative lack of sophistication of certain REIT managers, the quality of
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REIT assets has varied significantly. The risks associated with REITs are similar to those associated with the direct ownership of real estate. These include declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, dependence on management skill, cash flow dependence, possible lack of availability of long-term mortgage funds, over-building, extended vacancies of properties, decreased occupancy rates and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in neighborhood values and the appeal of the properties to tenants and changes in interest rates.
Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying properties they own, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, equity and mortgage REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally are not diversified. Equity and mortgage REITs are also subject to potential defaults by borrowers, self-liquidation, and the possibility of failing to qualify for tax-free status of income under the Code and failing to maintain exemption from the 1940 Act. In the event of a default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting its investments. In addition, investment in REITs could cause the Fund to possibly fail to qualify as a regulated investment company. (See the “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” section of the SAI.)
Repurchase Agreements
Each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements by which the Fund purchases portfolio securities subject to the seller’s agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed-upon time and price. The repurchase price may be higher than the purchase price, the difference being income to the Fund, or the purchase and repurchase price may be the same, with interest payable to the Fund at a stated rate together with the repurchase price on repurchase. In either case, the income to the Fund is unrelated to the interest rate on the security.
A repurchase agreement must be collateralized by obligations that could otherwise be purchased by the Fund (except with respect to maturity), and these must be maintained by the seller in a segregated account for the Fund. The value of such collateral will be monitored throughout the term of the repurchase agreement in an attempt to ensure that the market value of the collateral always equals or exceeds the repurchase price (including accrued interest). If the value of the collateral dips below such repurchase price, additional collateral will be requested and, when received, added to the account to maintain full collateralization.
Repurchase agreements will be entered into with commercial banks, brokers and dealers considered by the relevant Fund’s subadviser to be creditworthy. However, the use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks such as default by, or insolvency of, the other party to the transaction. The Fund also might incur disposition costs in connection with liquidating the underlying securities or enforcing its rights.
Typically, repurchase agreements are in effect for one week or less, but they may be in effect for longer periods of time.
Repurchase agreements of more than seven days’ duration are subject to each Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities, which means that no more than 15% of the market value of a Fund’s total assets may be invested in repurchase agreements with a maturity of more than seven days and in other illiquid securities.
Securities Lending
Subject to certain investment restrictions, each Fund may, subject to the Trustees’ and Trust Treasurer’s approval, lend securities from its portfolio to brokers, dealers and financial institutions deemed creditworthy and receive, as collateral, cash or cash equivalents which at all times while the loan is outstanding will be maintained in amounts equal to at least 100% of the current market value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral will be invested in short-term securities that will increase the current income of the Fund lending its securities.
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A Fund will have the right to regain record ownership of loaned securities to exercise beneficial rights such as voting rights and subscription rights. While a securities loan is outstanding, the Fund is to receive an amount equal to any dividends, interest or other distributions with respect to the loaned securities. A Fund may pay reasonable fees to persons unaffiliated with the Trust for services in arranging such loans.
Even though securities lending usually does not impose market risks on the lending Fund, as with any extension of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery of the loaned securities and in some cases loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially. In addition, the value of the collateral taken as security for the securities loaned may decline in value or may be difficult to convert to cash in the event that a Fund must rely on the collateral to recover the value of the securities. Moreover, if the borrower of the securities is insolvent, under current bankruptcy law, the Fund could be ordered by a court not to liquidate the collateral for an indeterminate period of time. If the borrower is the subject of insolvency proceedings and the collateral held might not be liquidated, the result could be a material adverse impact on the liquidity of the lending Fund.
No Fund will lend securities having a value in excess of 33 1/3% of its assets, including collateral received for loaned securities (valued at the time of any loan).
Short Sales
Each Fund may sell securities short as part of its overall portfolio management strategies involving the use of derivative instruments and to offset potential declines in long positions in similar securities. A short sale is a transaction in which a Fund sells a security it does not own or have the right to acquire, or that it owns but does not wish to deliver, in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. A short sale is “against the box” to the extent the Fund contemporaneously owns, or has the right to obtain at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. All other short sales are commonly referred to as “naked” short sales.
When a Fund makes a short sale, the broker-dealer through which the short sale is made must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the party purchasing the security. The Fund is required to make a margin deposit in connection with such short sales; the Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and will often be obligated to pay over any dividends and accrued interest on borrowed securities. If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund covers its short position, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.
If a Fund sells securities short against the box, it may protect unrealized gains, but will lose the opportunity to profit on such securities if the price rises. If a Fund engages in naked short sales, the Fund’s risk of loss could be as much as the maximum attainable price of the security (which could be limitless) less the price paid by the Fund for the security at the time it was borrowed.
When a Fund sells securities short, to the extent required by applicable law and regulation the Fund will “cover” the short sale, which generally means that the Fund will segregate any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily, equal
The Small-Cap Core Fund may not engage in naked short sales. (Transactions in futures, options, swaps and forward contracts are not deemed to constitute selling securities short.).
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to the market value of the securities sold short, reduced by any amount deposited as margin. Alternatively, the Fund may “cover” a short sale by (a) owning the underlying securities, (b) owning securities currently convertible into the underlying securities at an exercise price equal to or less than the current market price of the underlying securities, or (c) owning a purchased call option on the underlying securities with an exercise price equal to or less than the price at which the underlying securities were sold short.
Special Situations
Each Fund may invest in special situations that the Fund’s subadviser believes present opportunities for capital growth. Such situations most typically include corporate restructurings, mergers, and tender offers.
A special situation arises when, in the opinion of the Fund’s subadviser, the securities of a particular company will, within a reasonably estimable period of time, be accorded market recognition at an appreciated value solely by reason of a development particularly or uniquely applicable to that company and regardless of general business conditions or movements of the market as a whole. Developments creating special situations might include, among others, the following: liquidations, reorganizations, recapitalizations, mergers, or tender offers; material litigation or resolution thereof; technological breakthroughs; and new management or management policies. Although large and well-known companies may be involved, special situations often involve much greater risk than is inherent in ordinary investment securities.
Temporary Investments
When business or financial conditions warrant, each Fund may assume a temporary defensive position by investing in money-market instruments, including obligations of the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities, obligations of foreign sovereigns, other debt securities, commercial paper including bank obligations, certificates of deposit (including Eurodollar certificates of deposit) and repurchase agreements. (See “Money Market Instruments” in this section of the SAI for more information about these types of investments.)
For temporary defensive purposes, during periods in which a Fund’s subadviser believes adverse changes in economic, financial or political conditions make it advisable, the Fund may reduce its holdings in equity and other securities and may invest up to 100% of its assets in certain short-term (less than twelve months to maturity) and medium-term (not greater than five years to maturity) debt securities and in cash (U.S. dollars, foreign currencies, or multicurrency units). The short-term and medium-term debt securities in which a Fund may invest for temporary defensive purposes will be those that the Fund’s subadviser believes to be of high quality (i.e., subject to relatively low risk of loss of interest or principal). If rated, these securities will be rated in one of the three highest rating categories by rating services such as Moody’s or S&P (i.e., rated at least A).
Warrants or Rights to Purchase Securities
Each Fund may invest in or acquire warrants or rights to purchase equity or fixed income securities at a specified price during a specific period of time. A Fund will make such investments only if the underlying securities are deemed appropriate by the Fund’s subadviser for inclusion in the Fund’s portfolio. Included are warrants and rights whose underlying securities are not traded on principal domestic or foreign exchanges. Warrants and stock rights are almost identical to call options in their nature, use and effect except that they are issued by the issuer of the underlying security, rather than an option writer, and they generally have longer expiration dates than call options. (See “Options” in this section of the SAI for information about call options.)
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Bonds with warrants attached to purchase equity securities have many characteristics of convertible bonds and their prices may, to some degree, reflect the performance of the underlying stock. However, unlike convertible securities and preferred stocks, warrants do not pay a fixed dividend. Bonds also may be issued with warrants attached to purchase additional fixed income securities at the same coupon rate. A decline in interest rates would permit a Fund holding such warrants to buy additional bonds at the favorable rate or to sell the warrants at a profit. If interest rates rise, the warrants would generally expire with no value.
A Fund may purchase put warrants and call warrants whose values vary depending on the change in the value of one or more specified securities indices (“index warrants”). Index warrants are generally issued by banks or other financial institutions and give the holder the right, at any time during the term of the warrant, to receive upon exercise of the warrant a cash payment from the issuer based on the value of the underlying index at the time of exercise. In general, if the value of the underlying index rises above the exercise price of the index warrant, the holder of a call warrant will be entitled to receive a cash payment from the issuer upon exercise based on the difference between the value of the index and the exercise price of the warrant; if the value of the underlying index falls, the holder of a put warrant will be entitled to receive a cash payment from the issuer upon exercise based on the difference between the exercise price of the warrant and the value of the index. The holder of a warrant would not be entitled to any payments from the issuer at any time when, in the case of a call warrant, the exercise price is greater than the value of the underlying index or, in the case of a put warrant, the exercise price is less than the value of the underlying index. If a Fund were not to exercise an index warrant prior to its expiration, then the Fund would lose the amount of the purchase price paid by it for the warrant.
A Fund will normally use index warrants in a manner similar to its use of options on securities indices. The risks of the Fund’s use of index warrants are generally similar to those relating to its use of index options. (See “Options” in this section of the SAI for information about index options.) Unlike most index options, however, index warrants are issued in limited amounts and are not obligations of a regulated clearing agency, but are backed only by the credit of the bank or other institution which issues the warrant. Also, index warrants generally have longer terms than index options. Although a Fund will normally invest only in exchange-listed warrants, index warrants are not likely to be as liquid as certain index options backed by a recognized clearing agency. In addition, the terms of index warrants may limit a Fund’s ability to exercise the warrants at such time, or in such quantities, as the Fund would otherwise wish to do.
When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Transactions
Each Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis. These transactions are also known as delayed delivery transactions. (The phrase “delayed delivery” is not intended to include purchases where a delay in delivery involves only a brief period required by the selling party solely to locate appropriate certificates and prepare them for submission for clearance and settlement in the customary way.) Delayed delivery transactions involve a commitment by the Fund to purchase or sell securities at a future date (ordinarily up to 90 days later). The price of the underlying securities (usually expressed in terms of yield) and the date when the securities will be delivered and paid for (the settlement date) are fixed at the time the transaction is negotiated. When-issued purchases and forward commitments are negotiated directly with the selling party.
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Fund-Specific Limitations
When-issued purchases and forward commitments enable the Fund to lock in what is believed to be an attractive price or yield on a particular security for a period of time, regardless of future changes in interest rates. For example, in periods of rising interest rates and falling bond prices, the Fund might sell debt securities it owns on a forward commitment basis to limit its exposure to falling prices. In periods of falling interest rates and rising prices, the Fund might sell securities it owns and purchase the same or similar securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, thereby obtaining the benefit of currently higher yields. The Fund will not enter into such transactions for the purpose of leverage.
The value of securities purchased on a when-issued or forward commitment basis and any subsequent fluctuations in their value will be reflected in the Fund’s NAV starting on the first business day after the date of the agreement to purchase the securities. The Fund will be subject to the rights and risks of ownership of the securities on the agreement date. However, the Fund will not earn interest on securities it has committed to purchase until they are paid for and received. A seller’s failure to deliver securities to the Fund could prevent the Fund from realizing a price or yield considered to be advantageous and could cause the Fund to incur expenses associated with unwinding the transaction.
When a Fund makes a forward commitment to sell securities it owns, the proceeds to be received upon settlement will be included in the Fund’s assets. Fluctuations in the market value of the underlying securities will not be reflected in the Fund’s NAV as long as the commitment to sell remains in effect. Settlement of when-issued purchases and forward commitment transactions generally takes place up to 90 days after the date of the transaction, but the Fund may agree to a longer settlement period.
The Funds will make commitments to purchase securities on a when-issued basis or to purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis only with the intention of completing the transaction and actually purchasing or selling the securities. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, a Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into. A Fund also may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. The Fund may realize a capital gain or loss in connection with these transactions.
When a Fund purchases securities on a when-issued or forward-commitment basis, the Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records securities having a value (determined daily) at least equal to the amount of the Fund’s purchase commitments. These procedures are designed to ensure that each Fund will maintain sufficient assets at all times to cover its obligations under when-issued purchases and forward commitments.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
Fundamental Investment Limitations
Each Fund is subject to the investment limitations enumerated in this section, which may be changed with respect to a particular Fund only by a vote of the holders of a majority of such Fund’s outstanding shares. As used in this SAI and in the Prospectuses, a “majority of the outstanding shares” of a Fund means the lesser of  (a) 67% of the shares of the particular Fund represented at a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of such Fund are present in person or by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of such Fund.
With respect to all of the Funds, except as noted, each Fund may not:
(1)
With respect to 75% of its total assets, purchase securities of an issuer (other than the U.S. Government, its agencies, instrumentalities or authorities or repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government securities
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and other investment companies), if: (a) such purchase would, at the time, cause more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets taken at market value to be invested in the securities of such issuer; or (b) such purchase would, at the time, result in more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer being held by the Fund.
(2)
Purchase securities if, after giving effect to the purchase, more than 25% of its respective total assets would be invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry (excluding the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities). The limitation does not prohibit any Fund (each, a “Fund of Funds”) from investing all or substantially all of its assets in the shares of one or more registered, open-end investment companies, and the limitation does not apply to the purchase of investment company shares by any such Fund of Funds. For purposes of determining the amount of each Fund’s total assets invested in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, as of the date of this SAI the Funds of Funds will not look through to the securities held by any underlying exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), unaffiliated mutual funds and/or closed-end funds in which such Funds invest.
(3)
Borrow money, except (i) in amounts not to exceed one-third of the value of the Fund’s total assets (including the amount borrowed) from banks, and (ii) up to an additional 5% of its total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes. For purposes of this restriction, (a) investment techniques such as margin purchases, short sales, forward commitments, and roll transactions, (b) investments in instruments such as futures contracts, swaps, and options and (c) short-term credits extended in connection with trade clearance and settlement, shall not constitute borrowing.
(4)
Issue “senior securities” in contravention of the 1940 Act. Activities permitted by exemptive orders or staff interpretations of the SEC shall not be deemed to be prohibited by this restriction.
(5)
Underwrite the securities issued by other persons, except to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities, the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter under applicable law.
(6)
Purchase or sell real estate, except that the Fund may (i) acquire or lease office space for its own use, (ii) invest in securities of issuers that invest in real estate or interests therein, (iii) invest in mortgage-related securities and other securities that are secured by real estate or interests therein, and (iv) hold and sell real estate acquired by the Fund as a result of the ownership of securities.
(7)
Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts, except the Fund may purchase and sell derivatives (including, but not limited to, options, futures contracts and options on futures contracts) whose value is tied to the value of a financial index or a financial instrument or other asset (including, but not limited to, securities indexes, interest rates, securities, currencies and physical commodities).
(8a)
Make loans, except that the Fund may (i) lend portfolio securities, (ii) enter into repurchase agreements, (iii) purchase all or a portion of an issue of debt securities, bank loan participation interests, bank certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, debentures or other securities, whether or not the purchase is made upon the original issuance of the securities and (iv) participate in an interfund lending program with other registered investment companies. (Applicable only to Contrarian Value Fund.)
(8b)
Lend securities or make any other loans if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of its total assets would be lent to other parties, except that the Fund may purchase debt securities, may enter into repurchase agreements and may acquire loans, loan participations and assignments (both funded and unfunded) and other forms of debt instruments. (Applicable to all Funds, except Contrarian Value Fund.)
Except with respect to investment restriction (3) above, if any percentage restriction described above for a Fund is adhered to at the time of investment, a subsequent increase or decrease in the percentage resulting from a change in the value of the Fund’s assets will not constitute a violation of the restriction. With respect to investment restriction (3), in the event that asset coverage for all borrowings shall at any time fall below 300 per centum, the Fund shall, within three days thereafter (not including Sundays and holidays) or such longer period as the SEC may prescribe by rules and regulations, reduce the amount of its borrowings to an extent that the asset coverage of such borrowings shall be at least 300 per centum.
Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions (Small-Cap Core Fund only)
The Trustees have adopted the following additional investment restrictions for the Small-Cap Core Fund. These restrictions are operating policies of the Fund and may be changed by the Trustees without shareholder approval.
The Fund may not:
(a)
purchase or write put, call, straddle or spread options except as described in the Prospectus or SAI;
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(b)
make short sales (except covered or “against the box” short sales) or purchases on margin, except that the Fund may obtain short-term credits necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of its portfolio securities and, as required in connection with permissible options, futures, short selling and leveraging activities as described elsewhere in the Prospectus and SAI;
(c)
mortgage, hypothecate, or pledge any of its assets as security for any of its obligations, except as required for otherwise permissible borrowings (including reverse repurchase agreements, dollar roll transactions, short sales, financial options and other hedging activities);
(d)
purchase the securities of any company for the purpose of exercising management or control (but this restriction shall not restrict the voting of any proxy);
(e)
purchase more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer;
(f)
purchase the securities of other investment companies, except as permitted by the 1940 Act and except as otherwise provided in the Prospectus (the Fund reserves the right to invest all of its assets in shares of another investment company);
(g)
participate on a joint basis in any trading account in securities, although the Adviser may aggregate orders for the sale or purchase of securities with other accounts it manages to reduce brokerage costs or to average prices;
(h)
invest, in the aggregate, more than 10% of its net assets in illiquid securities;
(i)
invest more than 5% of its net assets in indexed securities.
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
Trustees and Officers
The Board is responsible for the overall supervision of the Trust, including establishing the Funds’ policies and general supervision and review of their investment activities, and performs the various duties imposed on Trustees by the 1940 Act and Delaware statutory trust law. The officers, who administer the Funds’ daily operations, are appointed by the Board and generally are employees of the Administrator or one of its affiliates. The current Trustees and officers of the Trust performing a policy-making function and their affiliations and principal occupations for the past five years are set forth below. The Trust has no employees.
Unless otherwise noted, each Trustee of the Trust also serves as a Trustee of other Virtus Mutual Funds and the address of each individual is 100 Pearl Street, Hartford, CT 06103. There is no stated term of office for Trustees or officers of the Trust.
Independent Trustees*
Name and Year of Birth
Length of
Time Served
Number of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Trustee
Principal Occupation(s) During Past
5 Years
Other Directorships Held by Trustee
During Past 5 Years
Brown, Thomas J. YOB: 1945
Served since 2016.
[87]
Retired Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 2016), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios) and Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Trustee (since 2011), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); Director (since 2010), D’Youville Senior Care Center; and Director (since 2005), VALIC Company Funds (49 portfolios).
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Name and Year of Birth
Length of
Time Served
Number of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Trustee
Principal Occupation(s) During Past
5 Years
Other Directorships Held by Trustee
During Past 5 Years
Burke, Donald C. YOB: 1961
Served since 2016.
[91]
Retired. Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 2016), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios) and Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Director (since 2014) closed-end funds managed by Duff  & Phelps Investment Management Co. (4 funds); Director, Avista Corp. (energy company) (since 2011); Trustee, Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (2010 to 2014); and Director, BlackRock Luxembourg and Cayman Funds (2006 to 2010).
Gelfenbien, Roger A. YOB: 1943
Served since 2016.
[87]
Retired. Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 2016), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios) and Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Trustee (since 2000), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); and Director (since 1999), USAllianz Variable Insurance Product Trust (42 portfolios).
Harris, Sidney E. YOB: 1949
Served since 2017
[87]
Professor and Dean Emeritus (since April 2015), Professor (1997 to 2014), Dean (1997 to 2004), J. Mack Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University. Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios) and Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 1999) Total System Services, Inc.; Trustee (since 2013), KIPP Metro Atlanta; Trustee (2004 to 2017), RidgeWorth Funds; Trustee (2012 to 2017), International University of the Grand Bassam; and Trustee (2011 to 2015), Genspring Family Offices, LLC.
Mallin, John R. YOB: 1950
Served since 2016.
[87]
Partner/Attorney (since 2003), McCarter & English LLP Real Property Practice Group and Member (since 2014), Counselors of Real Estate. Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 2016), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios) and Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Director (since 2013), Horizons, Inc. (non-profit); and Trustee (since 1999), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios).
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Name and Year of Birth
Length of
Time Served
Number of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Trustee
Principal Occupation(s) During Past
5 Years
Other Directorships Held by Trustee
During Past 5 Years
McClellan, Hassell H. YOB: 1945
Served since 2015.
[87]
Retired. Professor (1984 to 2013), Wallace E. Carroll School of Management, Boston College. Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 2016), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Trustee (since 2015), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios); and Director (since 2010), Barnes Group, Inc. (diversified global components manufacturer and logistical services company); Trustee (since 2008), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); and Trustee (since 2000) and Chairperson (since 2017), John Hancock Fund Complex (collectively, 227 portfolios).
McDaniel, Connie D. YOB: 1958
Served since 2017
[87]
Retired. Vice President, Chief of Internal Audit, Corporate Audit Department (2009 to 2013); Vice President Global Finance Transformation (2007 to 2009); Vice President and Controller (1999 to 2007), The Coca-Cola Company. Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios) and Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (2005 to 2017), RidgeWorth Funds; and Trustee (since 2014), Total System Services, Inc.
McLouglin, Philip
Chairman
YOB: 1946
Served since 1993.
[95]
Retired Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Director and Chairman (since 2016), Virtus Total Return Fund Inc. and Virtus Global Dividend & Income Fund Inc.; Trustee and Chairman (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Director and Chairman (since 2014), Duff  & Phelps Select Energy MLP Fund Inc.; Trustee and Chairman (since 2011), Virtus Global Multi-Sector Income Fund; Chairman and Trustee (since 2003), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); Director (since 1995), closed-end funds managed by Duff  & Phelps Investment Management Co. (4 funds); Director (since 1991) and Chairman (since 2010), Lazard World Trust Fund (closed-end investment firm in Luxembourg); and Trustee (since 1989) and Chairman (since 2002), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios).
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Name and Year of Birth
Length of
Time Served
Number of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Trustee
Principal Occupation(s) During Past
5 Years
Other Directorships Held by Trustee
During Past 5 Years
McNamara, Geraldine M.
YOB: 1951
Served since 2001.
[91]
Retired. Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 2016) Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Trustee (since 2015), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); Director (since 2003), closed-end funds managed by Duff  & Phelps Investment Management Co. (4 funds); and Trustee (since 2001), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios).
Oates, James M.
YOB: 1946
Served since 1993.
[91]
Managing Director (since 1994), Wydown Group (consulting firm). Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Director (since 2016), Virtus Global Dividend & Income Fund Inc. and Virtus Total Return Fund Inc.; Trustee (since 2016) Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); Director (since 2014), Duff  & Phelps Select Energy MLP Fund Inc.; Trustee (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Trustee (since 2011), Virtus Global Multi-Sector Income Fund; Trustee (since 2005) and Chairperson (2005 to 2017), John Hancock Fund Complex (227 portfolios); Director (2002 to 2014), New Hampshire Trust Company; Chairman (2000 to 2016), Emerson Investment Management, Inc.; Non-Executive Chairman (2000 to 2014), Hudson Castle Group, Inc. (formerly IBEX Capital Markets, Inc.) (financial services); Chairman and Director (1999 to 2014), Connecticut River Bank; Director (since 1996), Stifel Financial; and Trustee (since 1987), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios).
Segerson, Richard E.
YOB: 1946
Served since 1983.
[87]
Retired. Managing Director (1998 to 2013), Northway Management Company. Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 2016) Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios) and Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); and Trustee (since 1983), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios).
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Name and Year of Birth
Length of
Time Served
Number of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Trustee
Principal Occupation(s) During Past
5 Years
Other Directorships Held by Trustee
During Past 5 Years
Verdonck, Ferdinand L.J.
YOB: 1942
Served since 2004.
[87]
Director (1998 to 2015), The J.P. Morgan Continental European Investment Trust; Director (2005 to 2013), Galapagos N.V. (biotechnology); Director (1998 to 2015) Groupe SNEF; Vice Chairman (since 2014), Affirmed Therapeutics (biotechnology); and Mr. Verdonck is also a director of several non-U.S. companies. Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 2016) Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios) and Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); and Trustee (since 2002), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios).
*Those Trustees listed as “Independent Trustees” are not “interested persons” of the Trust, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act.
Interested Trustee
Name and Year of Birth
Length of
Time Served
Number of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Trustee
Principal Occupation(s) During Past
5 Years
Other Directorships Held by Trustee
During Past 5 Years
Aylward, George R.
YOB: 1964
Served since 2006.
[93]
Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (since 2008), Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; and various senior officer positions with Virtus affiliates (since 2005). Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Chairman and Trustee (since 2015), Virtus ETF Trust II (2 funds); Trustee and President (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Director (since 2013), Virtus Global Funds, PLC (2 portfolios); Trustee (since 2012) and President (since 2010), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (since 2014), Duff  & Phelps Select Energy MLP Fund Inc.; Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer (since 2011), Virtus Global Multi-Sector Income Fund; Trustee (since 2006), Virtus Mutual Funds (49 portfolios); and Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (since 2006), Virtus Global Dividend & Income Fund Inc. and Virtus Total Return Fund Inc.
Mr. Aylward is an “interested person” as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, by reason of his position as President and Chief Executive Officer of Virtus, the ultimate parent company of the Adviser, and various positions with its affiliates including the Adviser.
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Officers of the Trust Who Are Not Trustees
Name, Address and Year of
Birth
Position(s) Held with the
Trust and Length of Time
Served
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
Bradley, W. Patrick
YOB: 1972
Executive Vice President (since 2016), Senior Vice President (2013 to 2016), Vice President (2011 to 2013), and Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2006). Executive Vice President, Fund Services (since 2016), and Senior Vice President, Fund Services (2010 to 2016), Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; various officer positions (since 2006) with Virtus affiliates; Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Executive Vice President (since 2016), Senior Vice President (2013 to 2016), Vice President (2011 to 2013), and Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2004), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust; Executive Vice President (since 2016), Senior Vice President (2013 to 2016), Vice President (2011 to 2013), Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2006), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex; Executive Vice President (since 2016), Senior Vice President (2013 to 2016), Vice President (2012 to 2013) and Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer (since 2010), Virtus Total Return Fund Inc. and Virtus Global Dividend & Income Fund Inc.; Executive Vice President (since 2016), Senior Vice President (2013 to 2016), Vice President (2011 to 2013), and Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2011), Virtus Global Multi-Sector Income Fund; Executive Vice President (since 2016), Senior Vice President (2014 to 2016), Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2014), Duff  & Phelps Select Energy MLP Fund Inc.; Vice President and Assistant Treasurer (since 2011), Duff  & Phelps Global Utility Income Fund Inc.; Director (since 2013), Virtus Global Funds, PLC; and Executive Vice President (since 2016), Senior Vice President (2013 to 2016), and Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust.
Carr, Kevin J.
YOB: 1954
Senior Vice President (since 2013), Vice President (2005 to 2013), and Chief Legal Officer, Counsel and Secretary (since 2005). Senior Vice President (since 2009), and Vice President, Counsel and Secretary (2008 to 2009), Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; various senior officer positions (since 2005) with Virtus affiliates; Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, Counsel and Secretary (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Senior Vice President (since 2013), Vice President (2005 to 2013), Chief Legal Officer, Counsel and Secretary (since 2005), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex; Senior Vice President (2013 to 2014), Vice President (2012 to 2013), Assistant Secretary (since 2012), Secretary and Chief Legal Officer (2005 to 2012), Virtus Total Return Fund Inc. and Virtus Global Dividend & Income Fund Inc.; Senior Vice President and Assistant Secretary (since 2017), Assistant Secretary (2013 to 2017), Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, Counsel and Secretary (2010 to 2013), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust; Vice President and Assistant Secretary (since 2011), Duff  & Phelps Global Utility Income Fund Inc.; Senior Vice President and Assistant Secretary (2013 to 2014), Vice President and Assistant Secretary (2012 to 2013), and Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, Counsel and Secretary (2011 to 2012), Virtus Closed-End Funds; and Senior Vice President and Assistant Secretary (since 2017) and Assistant Secretary (2013 to 2017), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust.
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Name, Address and Year of
Birth
Position(s) Held with the
Trust and Length of Time
Served
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
Engberg, Nancy J.
YOB: 1956
Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2017); Vice President (2011 to 2017) and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2011). Senior Vice President (since 2017), Vice President (2008 to 2017) and Chief Compliance Officer (2008 to 2011 and since 2016), Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; various officer positions (since 2003) with Virtus affiliates; Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Senior Vice President (since 2017), Vice President (2011 to 2017) and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2011), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex; Senior Vice President (since 2017), Vice President (2010 to 2016) and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2011), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust; Senior Vice President (since 2017), Vice President (2011 to 2016) and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2011), Virtus Global Multi-Sector Income Fund; Senior Vice President (since 2017), Vice President (2012 to 2016) and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2012), Virtus Total Return Fund Inc. and Virtus Global Dividend & Income Fund Inc.; Senior Vice President (since 2017), Vice President (2013 to 2016) and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust; Chief Compliance Officer (since 2015), ETFis Series Trust I; and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2015), Virtus ETF Trust II.
Waltman, Francis G.
YOB: 1962
Executive Vice President (since 2013), and Senior Vice President (2008 to 2013). Executive Vice President, Product Development (since 2009), Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; various senior officer positions (since 2006) with Virtus affiliates; Executive Vice President (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Executive Vice President (since 2013), Senior Vice President (2008 to 2013), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex; Executive Vice President (since 2013), and Senior Vice President (2010 to 2013), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust; Executive Vice President (since 2013), and Senior Vice President (2011 to 2013), Virtus Global Multi-Sector Income Fund; Executive Vice President (since 2014), Duff  & Phelps Select Energy MLP Fund Inc.; Director (since 2013), Virtus Global Funds PLC; and Executive Vice President (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust.
Leadership Structure and the Board of Trustees
The Board is currently composed of 13 trustees, including 12 Independent Trustees. In addition to four regularly scheduled meetings per year, the Board holds special meetings either in person or via telephone to discuss specific matters that may require consideration prior to the next regular meeting. As discussed below, the Board has established several standing committees to assist the Board in performing its oversight responsibilities, and each such committee has a chairperson. The Board may also designate working groups or ad hoc committees as it deems appropriate.
The Board has appointed Mr. McLoughlin, an Independent Trustee, to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s primary role is to participate in the preparation of the agenda for meetings of the Board and the identification of information to be presented to the Board with respect to matters to be acted upon by the Board. The Chairman also presides at all meetings of the Board and between meetings generally acts as a liaison with the Trust’s service providers, officers, legal counsel, and the other Trustees. The Chairman may perform such other functions as may be requested by the Board from time to time. Except for any duties specified herein or pursuant to the Trust’s Declaration of Trust or By-laws, or as assigned by the Board, the designation of Chairman does not impose on such Independent Trustee any duties, obligations or liability that is greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on such person as a member of the Board, generally.
The Board believes that this leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise informed and independent judgment over matters under its purview, and it allocates areas of responsibility among committees or working groups of Trustees and the full Board in a manner that enhances effective oversight. Mr. McLoughlin previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the company that is now Virtus; however, he is now an Independent Trustee due to (a) the fact that Virtus is no longer affiliated with The Phoenix Companies, Inc. (which was its parent company when Mr. McLoughlin retired) and (b) the passage of time. As a result of this balance, it is believed that Mr. McLoughlin has the ability to provide independent oversight of the Trust’s operations within the context of his
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detailed understanding of the perspective of the Adviser and the Trust’s other service providers. The Board therefore considers leadership by Mr. McLoughlin as enhancing the Board’s ability to provide effective independent oversight of the Trust’s operations and meaningful representation of the shareholders’ interests.
The Board also believes that having a super-majority of Independent Trustees is appropriate and in the best interest of the Funds’ shareholders. Nevertheless, the Board also believes that having an interested person serve on the Board brings corporate and financial viewpoints that are, in the Board’s view, crucial elements in its decision-making process. In addition, the Board believes that Mr. Aylward, who is currently the Chairman and President of the Adviser, and the President and Chief Executive Officer of Virtus, and serves in various executive roles with other affiliates of the Adviser who provide services to the Trust, provides the Board with the Adviser’s perspective in managing and sponsoring the Virtus Mutual Funds as well as the perspective of other service providers to the Trust. The leadership structure of the Board may be changed at any time and in the discretion of the Board, including in response to changes in circumstances or the characteristics of the Trust.
The Board has established several standing committees to oversee particular aspects of the Funds’ management. The members of each Committee are set forth below:
The Audit Committee
The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing the Funds’ accounting and auditing policies and practices. The Audit Committee reviews the Funds’ financial reporting procedures, their system of internal control, the independent audit process, and the Funds’ procedures for monitoring compliance with investment restrictions and applicable laws and regulations and with the Code of Ethics. The Audit Committee is composed entirely of Independent Trustees; its members are Thomas J. Brown, Chairperson, Donald C. Burke, Roger A. Gelfenbien, Connie D. McDaniel, Richard E. Segerson and Ferdinand L.J. Verdonck. The Committee met four times during the Trust’s last fiscal year.
The Compliance Committee
The Compliance Committee is responsible for overseeing the Funds’ compliance matters. The Compliance Committee oversees and reviews (1) information provided by the Funds’ officers, including the Funds’ CCO, the Funds’ investment adviser and other principal service providers, and others as appropriate; (2) the codes of ethics; (3) whistleblower reports; (4) cybersecurity programs; and (5) distribution programs. The Compliance Committee will be composed entirely of Independent Trustees; its members are Hassell H. McClellan, Chairperson, Sidney E. Harris, John R. Mallin, Geraldine M. McNamara, and James M. Oates. The Committee met four times during the Trust's last fiscal year.
The Executive Committee
The function of the Executive Committee is to serve as a delegate of the full Board, as well as act on behalf of the Board when it is not in session, subject to limitations as set by the Board. The Executive Committee is composed entirely of Independent Trustees; its members are Philip R. McLoughlin, Chairperson, Thomas J. Brown, Hassell H. McClellan and James M. Oates. The Executive Committee did not meet during the Trust's last fiscal year.
The Governance and Nominating Committee
The Governance and Nominating Committee is responsible for developing and maintaining governance principles applicable to the Funds, for nominating individuals to serve as Trustees, including as Independent Trustees, and annually evaluating the Board and Committees. The Governance and Nominating Committee is composed entirely of Independent Trustees; its members are James M. Oates, Chairperson, Philip R. McLoughlin and Geraldine M. McNamara. The Committee met four times during the Trust’s last fiscal year.
The Governance and Nominating Committee considers candidates for trusteeship and makes recommendations to the Board with respect to such candidates. There are no specific required qualifications for trusteeship. The committee considers all relevant qualifications of candidates for trusteeship, such as industry knowledge and experience, financial expertise, current employment and other board memberships, and whether the candidate would be qualified to be considered an Independent Trustee. The Board believes that having among its members a diversity of viewpoints, skills and experience and a variety of complementary skills enhances the effectiveness of the Board in its oversight role. The committee considers the qualifications of candidates for trusteeship in this context.
The Board has adopted a policy for consideration of Trustee nominees recommended by shareholders. With regards to such policy, an individual shareholder or shareholder group submitting a nomination must hold either individually or in the aggregate for at least one full year as of the date of nomination 5% of the shares of a series of the Trust, among other qualifications and restrictions. Shareholders or shareholder groups submitting nominees must comply with all requirements set forth in the Trust’s policy for consideration of Trustee nominees recommended by shareholders and
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any such submission must be in writing, directed to the Trust’s secretary. Any shareholder nominee recommendations should be sent to the attention of the committee in care of the Trust’s Secretary, and should include biographical information, including business experience for the past ten years and a description of the qualifications of the proposed nominee, along with a statement from the proposed nominee that he or she is willing to serve and meets the requirements to be an Independent Trustee, if applicable. Shareholder nominees for Trustee will be given the same consideration as any candidate provided the nominee meets certain minimum requirements.
Information about Each Trustee’s Qualification, Experience, Attributes or Skills
In addition to the information set forth above, the following provides further information about each Trustee’s specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills. The information in this section should not be understood to mean that any of the Trustees is an “expert” within the meaning of the federal securities laws.
George R. Aylward
In addition to his positions with the Trust, Mr. Aylward is a Director and the President and Chief Executive Officer of Virtus, the ultimate parent company of the Adviser. He also holds various executive positions with the Adviser, certain Funds’ subadvisers, the Distributor and the Administrator to the Trust, and various of their affiliates, and previously held such positions with the former parent company of Virtus. He therefore has experience in all aspects of the development and management of registered investment companies, and the handling of various financial, staffing, regulatory and operational issues. Mr. Aylward is a certified public accountant and holds an MBA, and he also serves as an officer and director/trustee of several open-end and closed-end funds managed by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Thomas J. Brown
Mr. Brown, currently retired, was employed in senior business and accounting roles with financial services companies for over twenty-five years, and he has over sixteen years of experience as a director/trustee of unaffiliated funds. Mr. Brown is also a trustee of several other open-end funds managed by the Adviser.
Donald C. Burke
Mr. Burke, currently retired, has extensive experience with mutual funds, including as president and Chief Executive Officer of a major fund complex, and subsequently as an independent trustee of another major fund complex. He also has extensive knowledge of the utility industry, derived from his service on the board of a public company involved in the production, transmission and distribution of energy. He is also a director/trustee of several open-end and closed-end funds managed by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Roger A. Gelfenbien
Mr. Gelfenbien, currently retired, was employed as an accountant and consultant in the financial services sector for over thirty years, as well as having over eleven years experience with an unaffiliated fund as a director. Mr. Gelfenbien is also a trustee of several other open-end funds managed by the Adviser.
Sidney E. Harris
Dr. Sidney Harris has extensive knowledge of best practices in executive management, familiarity with international business practices and expertise in corporate strategy implementation, risk management, technology, asset management compliance and investments. Dr. Harris is currently Professor and Dean Emeritus at the J. Mack Robinson College of Business at Georgia State University. He has been affiliated with the J. Mack Robinson College of Business since 1997, serving as Professor (1997 to 2014) and Dean (1997 to 2004). Most recently, Dr. Harris was Professor of Computer Information Systems, Management and International Business. Prior to joining Georgia State University, Dr. Harris was Professor (1987 to 1996) and former Dean (1991 to 1996) of the Peter F. Drucker Graduate School of Management at Claremont Graduate University (currently Peter F. Drucker and Masotoshi Ito Graduate School of Management). He served as Independent Trustee of the RidgeWorth Funds Board of Trustees (2004 to 2017) and as Independent Chairman (2007 to 2017). He served as a member of the RidgeWorth Funds Governance and Nominating Committee (2004 to 2017) and Audit Committee (2006 to 2017). Dr. Harris previously served on the Board of Transamerica Investors (1995 to 2005). Dr. Harris is a Director of Total System Services, Inc. He serves on the Board of Directors of KIPP Metro Atlanta and is Chairman of the International University of the Grand-Bassam (IUGB) Foundation.
John R. Mallin
Mr. Mallin is a real estate partner and former practice group leader for the Real Property Practice Group at McCarter & English LLP. During his career, he has been involved in all aspects of real estate development and financial transactions related to real estate. Mr. Mallin also has oversight and corporate governance experience as a director, including as a chair, of non-profit entities. Mr. Mallin is also a trustee of several other open-end funds managed by the Adviser.
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Hassell H. McClellan
Mr. McClellan, currently retired, has extensive business experience in advising and consulting with companies to improve the companies’ management and operations, as well as serving as a business educator at several colleges. Mr. McClellan also has over twelve years of experience as a director of unaffiliated funds. Mr. McClellan is also a trustee of several other open-end funds managed by the Adviser.
Connie D. McDaniel
Ms. McDaniel, currently retired, has extensive domestic and international business experience, particularly with respect to finance, strategic planning, risk management and risk assessment functions. She is retired from The Coca-Cola Company, where she served as Vice President and Chief of Internal Audit, Corporate Audit Department (2009 to 2013), Vice President, Global Finance Transformation (2007 to 2009), Vice President and Controller (1999 to 2007), and held various management positions (1989 to 1999). While at The Coca-Cola Company, Ms. McDaniel chaired that company’s Ethics and Compliance Committee (2009 to 2013) and developed a knowledge of corporate governance matters. Prior to The Coca-Cola Company, she was associated with Ernst & Young (1980 to 1989). Ms. McDaniel served as Independent Trustee of the RidgeWorth Funds Board of Trustees from 2005 to 2017. She was Chairman of the RidgeWorth Funds Audit Committee (2008 to 2017), designated Audit Committee Financial Expert (2007 to 2017) and a member of the RidgeWorth Funds Governance and Nominating Committee (2015 to 2017). Ms. McDaniel is also a Director of Total System Services, Inc. and currently serves as Chair of the Georgia State University Robinson College of Business Board of Advisors.
Philip R. McLoughlin
Mr. McLoughlin has an extensive legal, financial and asset management background. In 1971, he joined Phoenix Investment Partners, Ltd. (then, Phoenix Equity Planning Corp.), the predecessor of Virtus Investment Partners, Inc., as Assistant Counsel with responsibility for various compliance and legal functions. During his tenure, Mr. McLoughlin assumed responsibility for most functions in the firm's advisory, broker-dealer and fund management operations, and eventually ascended to the role of President. Mr. McLoughlin then served as General Counsel, and later Chief Investment Officer, of Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Company, the parent company of Phoenix Investment Partners. Among other functions, he served as the senior management liaison to the boards of directors of the insurance company's mutual funds and closed-end funds, and had direct oversight responsibility for the funds' portfolio managers. In 1994, Mr. McLoughlin was named Chief Executive Officer of Phoenix Investment Partners, and continued in that position, as well as Chief Investment Officer of Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Company, until his retirement in 2002.
Geraldine M. McNamara
Ms. McNamara was an executive at U.S. Trust Company of New York for 24 years, where she rose to the position of Managing Director. Her responsibilities at U.S. Trust included the oversight of U.S. Trust’s personal banking business. In addition to her managerial and banking experience, Ms. McNamara has experience in advising individuals on their personal financial management, which has given her an enhanced understanding of the goals and expectations that individual investors may have. Ms. McNamara is also a trustee of several open-end and closed-end funds managed by the Adviser and its affiliates.
James M. Oates
Mr. Oates was instrumental in the founding of a private global finance, portfolio management and administration company, and he has also served in executive and director roles for various types of financial services companies. As a senior officer and director of investment management companies, Mr. Oates has experience in investment management. He also previously served as chief executive officer of two banks, and holds an MBA. Mr. Oates also has experience as a director of other publicly traded companies and has served for a number of years as the Chairman of the Board of a large family of mutual funds unaffiliated with the Trust. Mr. Oates is also a director/trustee of several open-end and closed-end funds managed by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Richard E. Segerson
Mr. Segerson has served in financial and other executive roles with various operating companies, including serving as the Chief Financial Officer, Controller and Chief Operating Officer of such entities. These roles have provided him with an understanding of financial and operational issues, as has his experience as a public accountant. Mr. Segerson also has over 30 years of experience serving as a trustee to various mutual funds, and he holds an MBA. Mr. Segerson also has served for a number of years as the Managing Director of a family office, providing wealth management services to individuals. This experience enhances his understanding of the perspective of individual fund shareholders. Mr. Segerson is also a trustee of several other open-end funds managed by the Adviser.
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Ferdinand L.J. Verdonck
Mr. Verdonck brings to the Board a broad background in finance, investments, banking and international business. His experience includes serving as the chief financial officer of the U.S. subsidiary of an international company, and as a senior vice president of a major U.S. investment firm. He also holds degrees in both law and economics. Mr. Verdonck has served for more than 25 years on the boards and audit committees of various U.S. and foreign companies. He is also a trustee of several other open-end funds managed by the Adviser.
Board Oversight of Risk Management
As a registered investment company, the Trust is subject to a variety of risks, including investment risks, financial risks, compliance risks and regulatory risks. As part of its overall activities, the Board oversees the management of the Trust’s risk management structure by the Trust’s Adviser, Administrator, Distributor, officers and others. The responsibility to manage the Funds’ risk management structure on a day-to-day basis is subsumed within the other responsibilities of these parties.
The Board considers risk management issues as part of its general oversight responsibilities throughout the year at regular meetings of the Board and its committees, and within the context of any ad hoc communications with the Trust’s service providers and officers. The Trust’s Adviser, subadvisers, Distributor, officers and legal counsel prepare regular reports to the Board that address certain investment, valuation, compliance and other matters, and the Board as a whole or its committees may also receive special written reports or presentations on a variety of risk issues at the request of the Board, a committee, the Chairman or a senior officer.
The Board receives regular written reports describing and analyzing the investment performance of the Funds. In addition, the portfolio managers of the Funds and senior management of the Funds’ subadvisers meet with the Board periodically to discuss portfolio performance and answer the Board’s questions with respect to portfolio strategies and risks. To the extent that a Fund changes a primary investment strategy, the Board generally is consulted in advance with respect to such change.
The Board receives regular written reports from the Trust’s Chief Financial Officer that enable the Board to monitor the number of fair valued securities in the Funds’ portfolios, the reasons for the fair valuation and the methodology used to arrive at the fair value. Such reports also include information concerning illiquid securities within the Funds’ portfolios. The Board and/or the Audit Committee may also review valuation procedures and pricing results with the Funds’ independent auditors in connection with the review of the results of the audit of the Funds’ year-end financial statements.
The Board also receives regular compliance reports prepared by the compliance staff of the Adviser and meets regularly with the Trust’s CCO to discuss compliance issues, including compliance risks. As required under applicable rules, the Independent Trustees meet regularly in executive session with the CCO, and the CCO prepares and presents an annual written compliance report to the Board. The CCO, as well as the compliance staff of the Adviser and Virtus, provide the Board with reports on their examinations of functions and processes within the Adviser and the subadvisers that affect the Funds. The Board also adopts compliance policies and procedures for the Trust and approves such procedures for the Trust’s service providers. The compliance policies and procedures are specifically designed to detect and prevent violations of the federal securities laws.
In its annual review of the Funds’ advisory, subadvisory and distribution agreements, the Board reviews information provided by the Adviser, the subadvisers and the Distributor relating to their operational capabilities, financial conditions and resources. The Board may also discuss particular risks that are not addressed in its regular reports and processes.
The Board recognizes that it is not possible to identify all of the risks that may affect the Funds or to develop processes and controls to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. The Board periodically reviews the effectiveness of its oversight of the Funds and the other funds in the Virtus Mutual Funds family, and the processes and controls in place to limit identified risks. The Board may, at any time and in its discretion, change the manner in which it conducts its risk oversight role.
Trustees’ Fund Holdings as of December 31, 2017
As of December 31, 2017, the Trustees beneficially owned shares of the Funds as set forth in the table below.
Independent Trustees
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in a Fund of the Trust
Aggregate Dollar Range of Trustee
Ownership in all Funds Overseen
by Trustee in Family of Investment
Companies
[Thomas J. Brown
None
None
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Independent Trustees
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in a Fund of the Trust
Aggregate Dollar Range of Trustee
Ownership in all Funds Overseen
by Trustee in Family of Investment
Companies
Donald C. Burke
None
Over $100,000
Roger A. Gelfenbien
None
None
Sidney E. Harris *
None
Over $100,000
John R. Mallin
None
Over $100,000
Hassell H. McClellan
None
None
Connie D. McDaniel *
None
Over $100,000
Philip McLoughlin
Contrarian Value Fund – $1 – $10,000
Global Quality Dividend Fund – $10,001 – $50,000
Small-Cap Value Fund – $50,001 – $100,000
Strategic Growth Fund  – $50,001 – $100,000
Over $100,000
Geraldine M. McNamara
Contrarian Value Fund – $10,001 – $50,000
Over $100,000
James M. Oates
Contrarian Value Fund – Over $100,000
Small-Cap Value Fund – Over  $100,000
Over $100,000
Richard E. Segerson
None
Over $100,000
Ferdinand L.J. Verdonck
Contrarian Value Fund – $10,001 – $50,000
Enhanced Core Equity Fund – $10,001 – $50,000
Global Quality Dividend Fund– $50,001 – $100,000
Small-Cap Core Fund – $10,001 – $50,000
Over $100,000
Interested Trustee
George R. Aylward
Global Quality Dividend Fund – $1 – $10,000
Over $100,000
*
Became a trustee effective July 17, 2017. Fund ownership as of that date.
As of [February __, 2018, the Trustees and Officers of the Trust as a whole owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of any of the Funds or their classes. ]
Trustee Compensation
Trustees who are not employed by the Adviser or its affiliates receive an annual retainer and fees and expenses for attendance at Board and Committee meetings. Officers and employees of the Adviser of the Funds who are interested persons are compensated for their services by the Adviser of the Funds, or an affiliate of the Adviser of the Funds, and receive no compensation from the Funds. The Trust does not have any retirement plan for its Trustees.
For the Trust’s fiscal period ended September 30, 2017, the current Trustees received the following compensation:
Independent Trustees
Aggregate Compensation from Trust
Total Compensation From Trust and Fund
Complex Paid to Trustees
Thomas J. Brown
[$___]
[$___ (63 Funds) ]
Donald C. Burke
[$___]
[$___ (67 Funds) ]
Roger A. Gelfenbien
[$___]
[$___ (63 Funds) ]
Sidney E. Harris *
[$___]
[$___ (__ Funds) ]
John R. Mallin
[$___]
[$___ (63 Funds) ]
Hassell H. McClellan
[$___]
[$___ (63 Funds) ]
Connie D. McDaniel *
[$___]
[$___ (__ Funds) ]
Philip R. McLoughlin
[$___]
[$___ (72 Funds) ]
Geraldine M. McNamara
[$___]
[$___ (67 Funds) ]
James M. Oates
[$___]
[$___ (68 Funds) ]
Richard E. Segerson
[$___]
[$___ (63 Funds) ]
Ferdinand L.J. Verdonck
[$___]
[$___ (63 Funds) ]
Interested Trustee
George R. Aylward
None
None
*
Became a trustee effective July 17, 2017.
Sales Loads
The Trust’s Trustees are permitted to invest in Class I shares of each Fund without initial or subsequent minimum investment requirements. Class I shares do not carry a sales load.
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Code of Ethics
The Trust, its Adviser, subadvisers and Distributor have each adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. Personnel subject to the Codes of Ethics may purchase and sell securities for their personal accounts, including securities that may be purchased, sold or held by the Funds, subject to certain restrictions and conditions. Generally, personal securities transactions are subject to preclearance procedures, reporting requirements and holding period rules. The Codes also restrict personal securities transactions in private placements, initial public offerings and securities in which a Fund has a pending order. The Trust has also adopted a Code of Ethics for Chief Executive and Senior Financial Officers as required by Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Proxy Voting Policies
The Trust has adopted on behalf of the Funds a Policy Regarding Proxy Voting stating the Trust’s intention to exercise stock ownership rights with respect to portfolio securities in a manner that is reasonably anticipated to further the best economic interests of shareholders of the Funds. The Funds have committed to analyze and vote all proxies that are likely to have financial implications, and where appropriate, to participate in corporate governance, shareholder proposals, management communications and legal proceedings. The Funds must also identify potential or actual conflicts of interest in voting proxies and must address any such conflict of interest in accordance with the Policy.
The Policy stipulates that the Funds’ Adviser will vote proxies, or delegate such responsibility to a subadviser. The applicable voting party will vote proxies in accordance with this Policy, or its own policies and procedures, which in no event will conflict with the Trust’s Policy. The Adviser or applicable subadviser may engage a qualified, independent organization to vote proxies on its behalf  (a “delegate”). Matters that may affect substantially the rights and privileges of the holders of securities to be voted will be analyzed and voted on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration such relevant factors as enumerated in the Policy. The views of management of a portfolio company will be considered.
The Policy specifies certain factors that will be considered when analyzing and voting proxies on certain issues, including, but not limited to:

Corporate Governance Matters—tax and economic benefits of changes in the state of incorporation; dilution or improved accountability associated with anti-takeover provisions such as staggered boards, poison pills and supermajority provisions.

Stock Option and Other Management Compensation Issues—executive pay and spending on perquisites, particularly in conjunction with sub-par performance and employee layoffs.

Social and Corporate Responsibility Issues—the Adviser or subadviser will generally vote against shareholder social and environmental issue proposals.
The Funds and their delegates seek to avoid actual or perceived conflicts of interest of Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Adviser, subadviser, delegate, Distributor, or any affiliated person of the Funds, on the other hand.
Depending on the type and materiality, any conflicts of interest will be handled by (i) relying on the recommendations of an established, independent third party proxy voting vendor; (ii) voting pursuant to the recommendation of the delegate; (iii) abstaining; or (iv) where two or more delegates provide conflicting requests, voting shares in proportion to the assets under management of each delegate. The Policy requires each Adviser/subadviser or delegate to notify the President of the Trust of any actual or potential conflict of interest. No Adviser/subadviser or delegate may waive any conflict of interest or vote any conflicted proxies without the prior written approval of the Board or the President of the Trust.
The Policy further imposes certain record-keeping and reporting requirements on each Adviser/subadviser or delegate. Information regarding how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ending June 30 will be available free of charge by calling, toll-free, 800.243.1574, or on the SEC’s Web site at www.sec.gov.
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
As of [February ___], 2018, the persons who owned of record, or were known by the Trust to own beneficially, 5% or more of the outstanding shares of any class, or 25% or more of the outstanding shares of all classes, of the Funds included in this SAI are shown in Appendix B — Control Persons and Principal Shareholders.
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INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
Investment Adviser
The investment adviser to each of the Funds is Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc., located at 100 Pearl Street, Hartford, Connecticut 06103. VIA, an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Virtus, acts as the investment adviser for over 50 mutual funds and as adviser to institutional clients. VIA has acted as an investment adviser for over 80 years. As of December 31, 2017, VIA had approximately $[___] billion in assets under management.
Investment Advisory Agreement and Expense Limitation Agreement
The investment advisory agreement, approved by the Board, provides that the Trust will bear all costs and expenses (other than those specifically referred to as being borne by the Adviser) incurred in the operation of the Trust. Such expenses include, but shall not be limited to, all expenses incurred in the operation of the Trust and any public offering of its shares, including, among others, interest, taxes, brokerage fees and commissions, fees of Trustees who are not employees of VIA or any of its affiliates, expenses of Trustees, and shareholders’ meetings, expenses of printing and mailing proxy soliciting material, expenses of the insurance premiums for fidelity and other coverage, expenses of the repurchase and redemption of shares, expenses of the issue and sale of shares (to the extent not borne by VP Distributors under its agreement with the Trust), association membership dues, charges of custodians, transfer agents, dividend disbursing agents and financial agents, and bookkeeping, auditing and legal expenses. The Trust will also pay the fees and bear the expense of registering and maintaining the registration of the Trust and its shares with the SEC and registering or qualifying its shares under state or other securities laws and the expense of preparing and mailing prospectuses and reports to shareholders. If authorized by the Board, the Trust will also pay for extraordinary expenses and expenses of a non-recurring nature which may include, but shall not be limited to, the reasonable cost of any reorganization or acquisition of assets and the cost of legal proceedings to which the Trust is a party.
Each Fund will pay expenses incurred in its own operation and will also pay a portion of the Trust’s general administration expenses allocated on the basis of the asset values of the respective Funds.
For managing, or directing the management of, the investments of each fund, VIA is entitled to a fee, payable monthly, at the following annual rates as calculated on the value of each Fund’s average daily net assets:
Fund
Investment Advisory Fee
Small-Cap Core Fund
0.75%
Small-Cap Value Fund
0.70%
1 st $500 Million
Over $500 Million
Mid-Cap Growth Fund
0.80%
0.70%
1 st $1 Billion
$1+ Billion
Contrarian Value Fund
0.75%
0.70%
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund
[___]%
[___]%
1 st $1 Billion
$1+ Billion through $2 Billion
$2+ Billion
Capital Growth Fund
0.70%
0.65%
0.60%
Enhanced Core Equity Fund
0.75%
0.70%
0.65%
Global Quality Dividend Fund
0.75%
0.70%
0.65%
Mid-Cap Core Fund
0.80%
0.75%
0.70%
Strategic Allocation Fund
0.55%
0.50%
0.45%
Tactical Allocation Fund
0.70%
0.65%
0.60%
1 st $400 Million
$400+ Million through $1 Billion
$1+ Billion
Small-Cap Growth Fund
0.90%
0.85%
0.80%
VIA may waive any portion of its investment advisory fees or reimburse Fund expenses from time to time. VIA has contractually agreed to limit the annual operating expenses (excluding certain expenses, such as front-end or contingent deferred sales charges, taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, unusual or infrequently occurring expenses (such as litigation) and acquired fund fees and expenses, if any) of the following Funds (expressed as a percentage of daily net assets) through January 31, 2019:
Fund
Class A
Class C
Class I
Class R6
Class T
Capital Growth Fund 1.47 % 2.22 % 1.22 % 1.47 %
Contrarian Value Fund 1.48 % 2.23 % 1.23 % 1.09 % 1.48 %
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Fund
Class A
Class C
Class I
Class R6
Class T
Enhanced Core Equity Fund 1.20 % 1.95 % 0.95 % 1.20 %
Global Quality Dividend Fund 1.35 % 2.10 % 1.10 % 1.35 %
Mid-Cap Core Fund 1.20 % 1.95 % 0.95 % 1.20 %
Mid-Cap Growth Fund 1.40 % 2.15 % 1.15 % 1.40 %
Small-Cap Growth Fund 1.50 % 2.25 % 1.25 % 1.50 %
Small-Cap Value Fund 1.42 % 2.17 % 1.17 % 1.07 % 1.42 %
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund [___] % [___] % [___] % [___] % [___] %
Following the contractual period, the Adviser may discontinue these expense limitation arrangements at any time. Under certain conditions, the Adviser may recapture fees waived and/or operating expenses reimbursed under this arrangement, for a period of three years after the date on which such waiver or reimbursement incurred, provided the recapture does not cause the fund to exceed its expense limitation in effect at the time of the waiver/reimbursement or recapture.
The Adviser also may, at its discretion, from time to time pay for other Fund expenses from its own assets, or reduce the management fee of a Fund in excess of that required. Any fee reimbursed and/or any Fund expense absorbed by the Adviser pursuant to an agreed upon expense cap shall be reimbursed by the Fund to the Adviser, if so requested by the Adviser, provided the aggregate amount of the Fund’s current operating expense for such fiscal year does not exceed the applicable limitation on Fund expenses.
The investment advisory agreement also provides that the Adviser shall not be liable to the Trust or to any shareholder of the Trust for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust or by any shareholder of the Trust in connection with the matters to which the agreement relates, except a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard on the part of such Adviser in the performance of its duties thereunder.
Provided it has been approved by a vote of the majority of the outstanding shares of a Fund of the Trust which is subject to its terms and conditions, the investment advisory agreement continues from year to year with respect to such Fund so long as (1) such continuance is approved at least annually by the Board or by a vote of the majority of the outstanding shares of such Fund and (2) the terms and any renewal of the agreement with respect to such Fund have been approved by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the agreement or interested persons, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, of the Trust or the relevant Adviser, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. On sixty days’ written notice and without penalty the agreement may be terminated as to the Trust or as to a Fund by the Board or by the relevant Adviser and may be terminated as to a Fund by a vote of the majority of the outstanding shares of such Fund. The Agreement automatically terminates upon its assignment (within the meaning of the 1940 Act). The agreement provides that upon its termination, or at the request of the relevant Adviser, the Trust will eliminate all reference to Virtus from its name, and will not thereafter transact business in a name using the word Virtus.
Adviser Affiliates
George Aylward, Kevin Carr and Frank Waltman, each serve as an officer of the Trust and as an officer and/or director of the Adviser. The other principal executive officers and directors of the Adviser are: Michael Angerthal, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; Mark Flynn, Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Assistant Clerk; and David Fusco, Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer.
Advisory Fees
The following table shows the dollar amount of fees payable to VIA for its services with respect to each Fund, the amount of fees waived and/or expenses reimbursed by VIA, if any, and the actual fee received by VIA for the past three fiscal years.
For services to the Funds during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2016 and 2017, and the fiscal period ended September 30, 2017 * , the Adviser received fees of $17,240,594, $19,178,607 and [$______], respectively, under the investment advisory agreements in effect. Of these totals, the Adviser received fees from each Fund as follows:
Gross Advisory Fee ($)
Advisory Fee Waived and/or
Expenses Reimbursed ($)
Net Advisory Fee ($)
Fund **
3/31/2016
3/31/2017
9/30/2017
3/31/2016
3/31/2017
9/30/2017
3/31/2016
3/31/2017
9/30/2017
Capital Growth Fund 3,110,171 2,953,885
3,110,171 2,953,885
Contrarian Value Fund 2,442,666 1,673,361
2,442,666 1,673,361
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Gross Advisory Fee ($)
Advisory Fee Waived and/or
Expenses Reimbursed ($)
Net Advisory Fee ($)
Fund **
3/31/2016
3/31/2017
9/30/2017
3/31/2016
3/31/2017
9/30/2017
3/31/2016
3/31/2017
9/30/2017
Enhanced Core Equity Fund 1,164,434 1,207,707
202,324 215,495
962,110 992,212
Mid-Cap Core Fund 221,690 454,699
79,143 158,136
142,547 296,563
Global Quality Dividend Fund 536,079 478,251
61,526 71,770
474,553 406,481
Mid-Cap Growth Fund 706,098 687,968
75,916 91,392
630,182 596,576
Small-Cap Core Fund 2,310,806 2,885,862
2,310,806 2,885,862
Small-Cap Growth Fund 1,395,135 3,644,884
59,911 7,201
1,343,224 3,637,683
Small-Cap Value Fund 1,662,935 2,067,974
1,662,935 2,067,974
Strategic Allocation Fund 2,990,102 2,665,676
15,458 19,034
2,974,644 2,646,642
Tactical Allocation Fund 1,196,523 1,033,197
9,767 11,829
1,186,756 1,021,368
*
Effective September 30, 2017, the Trust moved its fiscal year to be September 30 of each year.
**
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund is not shown in the table because it was not in existence for the relevant periods.
Subadvisers and Subadvisory Agreements
VIA has entered into subadvisory agreements with respect to certain Funds. Each subadvisory agreement provides that VIA will delegate to the respective subadviser the performance of certain of its investment management services under the Investment Advisory Agreement with respect to each of the Funds for which that subadviser provides subadvisory services. Each subadviser furnishes at its own expense the office facilities and personnel necessary to perform such services. VIA remains responsible for the supervision and oversight of each subadviser’s performance. Each subadvisory agreement will continue in effect from year to year if specifically approved by the Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees. The subadvisory fees are paid by VIA out of its advisory fees from the Funds.
Duff  & Phelps — Strategic Allocation Fund (international equity portion) and Tactical Allocation Fund (international equity portion)
Duff  & Phelps is located at 200 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 500, Chicago, IL 60606, is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Virtus and an affiliate of VIA. Duff  & Phelps acts as adviser and subadviser to open- and closed-end funds and as investment adviser to institutions and individuals. As of December 31, 2017, Duff  & Phelps had approximately $[___] billion in assets under management.
For its services as a subadviser, VIA pays Duff  & Phelps a fee at the annual rate stated for each Fund.
Fund
Subadvisory Fee
Strategic Allocation Fund (international equity portion) 50% of the net advisory fee
Tactical Allocation Fund (international equity and portion)
50% of the net advisory fee
KAR — Capital Growth Fund, Global Quality Dividend Fund, Mid-Cap Core Fund, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Small-Cap Core Fund, Small-Cap Growth Fund, Small-Cap Value Fund, Small-Mid Cap Core Fund, Strategic Allocation Fund (domestic equity portion) and Tactical Allocation Fund (domestic equity portion)
KAR is located at 1800 Avenue of the Stars, 2nd Floor, Los Angeles, California 90067 and is a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Virtus and an affiliate of VIA. KAR acts as subadviser for mutual funds and as investment adviser to institutions and individuals. As of December 31, 2017 KAR had approximately $[___] billion in assets under management.
For its services as a subadviser, VIA pays KAR at the rate of 50% of the net advisory fee paid by each Fund for which KAR acts as subadviser.
Newfleet — Strategic Allocation Fund (fixed income portion) and Tactical Allocation Fund (fixed income portion)
Newfleet is located at 100 Pearl Street, Hartford, Connecticut 06103, and is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Virtus and an affiliate of VIA. Newfleet acts as subadviser to mutual funds and as adviser to institutions and individuals. As of December 31, 2017, Newfleet had approximately $[___] billion in assets under management.
For its services as a subadviser, VIA pays Newfleet a fee at the annual rate stated below for each Fund.
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Fund
Subadvisory Fee
Strategic Allocation Fund (fixed income portion) 50% of the net advisory fee
Tactical Allocation Fund (fixed income portion) 50% of the net advisory fee
Rampart Investment Management Company, LLC — Enhanced Core Equity Fund
Rampart is located at One International Place, 14th Floor, Boston, MA 02110 and is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Virtus and an affiliate of VIA. Rampart has been an investment adviser since 1983 and provides investment management services to mutual funds, institutions and high net worth investors. As of December 31, 2017, Rampart had approximately $[___] million in assets under management.
For its services as subadviser, VIA pays Rampart a fee at the rate of 50% of the net advisory fee paid by Enhanced Core Equity Fund.
Sasco — Contrarian Value Fund
Sasco is located at 10 Sasco Hill Road, Fairfield, Connecticut 06824 and has been an investment adviser since 1985. Sasco is an independent, employee-owned investment adviser. As of December 31, 2017, Sasco had approximately $[___] billion in assets under management.
For its services as a subadviser, VIA pays Sasco a fee at the rate of 47.5% of the net advisory fee paid by the Fund for which Sasco acts as a subadviser.
Subadvisory Fees
The following table shows the dollar amount of fees payable to each subadviser for managing the applicable Fund(s), the amount of expenses reimbursed by the subadviser, and the actual fee received by the subadviser for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2016 and 2017, and the fiscal period ended September 30, 2017 * .
Gross Subadvisory Fee ($)
Subadvisory Fee Waived and/or
Expenses Reimbursed ($)
Net Subadvisory Fee ($)
Fund **
3/31/2016
3/31/2017
9/30/2017
3/31/2016
3/31/2017
9/30/2017
3/31/2016
3/31/2017
9/30/2017
Capital Growth Fund 1,555,086 1,476,942
1,555,086 1,476,942
Contrarian Value Fund 1,160,266 794,847
1,160,266 794,847
Enhanced Core Equity Fund 582,217 603,854
(101,162 ) 107,742
481,055 496,112
Global Quality Dividend Fund 268,040 239,126
(30,763 ) 35,885
237,277 203,241
Mid-Cap Core Fund 110,845 227,349
(39,571 ) 78,768
71,273 148,581
Mid-Cap Growth Fund 353,049 343,984
(37,958 ) 45,696
315,091 298,288
Small-Cap Core Fund 1,155,403 1,442,931
1,155,403 1,442,931
Small-Cap Growth Fund 697,568 1,822,442
(25,956 ) 2,434
671,612 1,820,008
Small-Cap Value Fund 831,467 1,033,990
831,467 1,033,990
Strategic Allocation Fund (fixed income portion) 601,361 525,509
2,173
601,361 523,336
Strategic Allocation Fund (equity
portion) ***
893,690 360,024
2,498
893,690 357,526
Strategic Allocation Fund (domestic equity portion) *** N/A 335,509
N/A 2,452
N/A 333,057
Strategic Allocation Fund (international equity portion) *** N/A 111,796
N/A 817
N/A 110,979
Tactical Allocation Fund (fixed income portion) 194,428 186,806
2,302
194,428 184,504
Tactical Allocation Fund (equity portion) *** 403,833 151,523
1,963
403,833 149,560
Tactical Allocation Fund (domestic equity portion) *** N/A 130,029
N/A 1,562
N/A 128,467
Tactical Allocation Fund (international equity portion) *** N/A 48,241
N/A 579
N/A 47,662
*
Effective September 30, 2017, the Trust moved its fiscal year to be September 30 of each year.
**
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund is not shown in the table because it was not in existence for the relevant periods.
***
Effective September 7, 2016, Duff  & Phelps became subadviser for Strategic Allocation Fund’s and Tactical Allocation Fund’s international equity portion and KAR became subadviser for Strategic Allocation Fund’s and
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Tactical Allocation Fund’s domestic equity portion. Additionally, effective September 7, 2016, the subadviser for Strategic Allocation Fund’s and Tactical Allocation Fund’s equity portion, Euclid Advisors LLC (“Euclid”), was removed as subadviser. All subadvisory fees paid on the equity portion of the Strategic Allocation Fund’s and Tactical Allocation Fund’s assets prior to September 7, 2016 were paid to Euclid.
Administrator
Virtus Fund Services, LLC is the administrator of the Trust. Virtus Fund Services is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Virtus and an affiliate of the Adviser. For its services as administrator, the Administrator received an administration fee based upon the average net assets across all series of the Virtus Mutual Funds at the following annual rates:
First $15 billion 0.10%
$15+ billion to $30 billion 0.095%
$30+ billion to $50 billion 0.09%
Greater than $50 billion 0.085%
For the purposes of applying the fee breakpoints, the Virtus Mutual Funds’ average net assets may be aggregated with the average net assets of the series of VVIT.
The following table shows the dollar amount of fees paid to the Administrator for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2016 and 2017, and the fiscal period ended September 30, 2017, for its administrative services with respect to each Fund.
Administration Fee ($)
Fund *
3/31/2016
3/31/2017
9/30/17
Capital Growth Fund 431,709 413,093
Contrarian Value Fund 316,208 218,426
Enhanced Core Equity Fund 150,837 157,629
Global Quality Dividend Fund 69,421 62,422
Mid-Cap Core Fund 26,941 55,620
Mid-Cap Growth Fund 85,751 84,179
Small-Cap Core Fund 299,293 376,622
Small-Cap Growth Fund 150,676 400,313
Small-Cap Value Fund 230,790 289,172
Strategic Allocation Fund 528,150 474,471
Tactical Allocation Fund 166,049 144,492
*
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund is not shown in the table because it was not in existence for the relevant periods.
Sub-administrative and Accounting Agent
The Trust has entered into an agreement with BNY Mellon, 301 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, DE 19809, pursuant to which BNY Mellon acts as sub-administrative and accounting agent of the Trust. For its services in this capacity, BNY Mellon receives a fee based on the average net assets across all funds within the Virtus Mutual Funds at the following incremental rates:
First $15 billion 0.0175%
$15+ billion to $30 billion 0.0145%
$30+ billion to $50 billion 0.0120%
Greater than $50 billion 0.0100%
For the purposes of applying the fee breakpoints, the Virtus Mutual Funds’ average net assets may be aggregated with the average net assets of the series of VVIT.
Distributor
VP Distributors, a broker-dealer registered with FINRA and which is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Virtus and an affiliate of the Adviser and certain subadvisers, serves as distributor of the Funds’ shares. The principal office of VP Distributors is located at 100 Pearl Street, Hartford, Connecticut 06103. George R. Aylward, Kevin J. Carr and Nancy J. Engberg, each serve as an officer of the Trust and as an officer for the Distributor.
The Trust and VP Distributors have entered into an underwriting agreement under which VP Distributors has agreed to use its best efforts to find purchasers for Trust shares and the Trust has granted to VP Distributors the exclusive right to purchase from the Funds and resell, as principal, shares needed to fill unconditional orders for Fund shares. VP
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Distributors may sell Fund shares through its registered representatives or through securities dealers with whom it has sales agreements. VP Distributors may also sell Fund shares pursuant to sales agreements entered into with bank-affiliated securities brokers who, acting as agent for their customers, place orders for Fund shares with VP Distributors. It is not anticipated that termination of sales agreements with banks and bank affiliated securities brokers would result in a loss to their customers or a change in the NAV per share of a Fund of the Trust.
For its services under the underwriting agreement, VP Distributors receives sales charges on transactions in Fund shares and retains such charges less the portion thereof allowed to its registered representatives and to securities dealers and securities brokers with whom it has sales agreements. In addition, VP Distributors may receive payments from the Trust pursuant to the Distribution Plans described below.
During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2016 and 2017, and the fiscal period ended September 30, 2017, purchasers of shares of the Funds paid aggregate sales charges of $660,357, $1,877,008, and $[_________] respectively, of which the Distributor received net commissions of $15,922, $256,960 and [_________] respectively, for its services, the balance being paid to dealers. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, the Distributor received net commissions of $[_________] and deferred sales charges of $[_________] for Class A Shares and $[_________] for Class C Shares.
The underwriting agreement may be terminated at any time by 60 days’ written notice, without payment of a penalty, by the Distributor, by vote of a majority of the appropriate Class of outstanding voting securities of the Funds, or by vote of a majority of the Trust’s Trustees who are not parties to the underwriting agreement or “interested persons” of any party and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Distribution Plans or in any related agreements. The underwriting agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its “assignment,” as defined in Section 2(a)(4) of the 1940 Act.
The following table shows the dollar amount of sales charges paid to VP Distributors for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2016 and 2017, and the fiscal period ended September 30, 2017, with respect to sales of Class A Shares of each Fund and the amount of sales charges retained by the Distributor and not reallowed to other persons.
Aggregate Underwriting
Commissions ($)
Amount Retained by the
Distributor ($)
Amount Re-allowed ($)
Fund *
3/31/2016
3/31/2017
9/30/2017
3/31/2016
3/31/2017
9/30/2017
3/31/2016
3/31/2017
9/30/2017
Capital Growth Fund 136,808 92,003
26,839 17,514
109,969 74,489
Contrarian Value Fund 52,630 17,393
27,120 2,174
25,510 15,219
Enhanced Core Equity Fund 109,874 50,471
20,549 6,795
89,325 43,676
Global Quality Dividend Fund 25,448 22,013
8,598 2,473
16,850 19,540
Mid-Cap Core Fund 50,565 142,415
7,030 16,724
43,535 125,691
Mid-Cap Growth Fund 47,253 47,413
8,555 7,638
38,698 39,775
Small-Cap Core Fund 44,896 378,360
8,153 47,927
36,743 330,433
Small-Cap Growth Fund 78,209 848,288
13,504 105,782
64,705 742,506
Small-Cap Value Fund 24,121 154,304
3,145 19,694
20,976 134,610
Strategic Allocation Fund 147,194 105,926
(116,154 ) 18,631
263,348 87,295
Tactical Allocation Fund 41,057 18,422
8,584 2,926
32,473 15,496
*
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund is not shown in the table because it was not in existence for the relevant periods.
There were no sales charges paid to the Distributor with respect to Class A Shares of the Funds not mentioned below. Shareholders of the Funds below paid Class A deferred sales charges as follows:
Fund
Class A Shares
Deferred Sales
Charges ($)
Capital Growth Fund [2,400]
Contrarian Value Fund [—]
Enhanced Core Equity Fund [—]
Global Quality Dividend Fund [878]
Mid-Cap Core Fund [3,000]
Mid-Cap Growth Fund [1,120]
Small-Cap Core Fund [375]
Small-Cap Growth Fund [200]
Small-Cap Value Fund [1,375]
Strategic Allocation Fund [—]
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Fund
Class A Shares
Deferred Sales
Charges ($)
Tactical Allocation Fund [607]
Dealer Concessions
Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class I Shares Only
Dealers with whom the Distributor has entered into sales agreements receive a discount or commission on purchases of Class A Shares as set forth below.
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
Sales Charge
as Percentage
of Offering
Price (%)
Sales Charge
as Percentage
of Net Amount
Invested (%)
Dealer Discount
or Agency Fee
as Percentage of
Offering Price
(%)
Less than $50,000 5.75 6.10 5.00
$50,000 but under $100,000 4.75 4.99 4.25
$100,000 but under $250,000 3.75 3.90 3.25
$250,000 but under $500,000 2.75 2.83 2.25
$500,000 but under $1,000,000 2.00 2.04 1.75
$1,000,000 or more None None None
With respect to Class C Shares, the Distributor intends to pay investment dealers a sales commission of 1% of the sale price of Class C Shares sold by such dealers. Your broker, dealer or financial advisor may also charge you additional commissions or fees for their services in selling shares to you provided they notify the Distributor of their intention to do so.
Dealers and other entities that enter into special arrangements with the Distributor may receive compensation for the sale and promotion of shares of the Funds. Such fees are in addition to the sales commissions referenced above and may be based upon the amount of sales of fund shares by a dealer; the provision of assistance in marketing of Fund shares; access to sales personnel and information dissemination services; and other criteria as established by the Distributor. Depending on the nature of the services, these fees may be paid either from the funds through distribution fees, service fees or in some cases, the Distributor may pay certain fees from its own profits and resources.
Dealers and other entities that enter into special arrangements with the Distributor or the Transfer Agent may receive compensation from or on behalf of the funds for providing certain recordkeeping and related services to the funds or their shareholders. These fees may also be referred to as shareholder accounting fees, administrative services fees, sub-transfer agent fees or networking fees. They are not for the sale, promotion or marketing of Fund shares.
From its own profits and resources, the Distributor may, from time to time, make payments to qualified wholesalers, registered financial institutions and third party marketers for marketing support services and/or retention of assets. These payments are sometimes referred to as “revenue sharing.” Among others, the Distributor has agreed to make such payments for marketing support services to AXA Advisors, LLC. Additionally, for Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund and Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund, the Distributor may pay broker-dealers a finder’s fee in an amount equal to 0.50% of eligible Class A Share purchases from $250,000 to $3,000,000 and 0.25% on amounts greater than $3,000,000. For all other Virtus fixed income funds and Virtus Rampart Sector Trend Fund, the Distributor may pay broker-dealers a finder’s fee in an amount equal to 0.50% of eligible Class A Share purchases from $1,000,000 to $3,000,000 and 0.25% on amounts greater than $3,000,000. For all other Virtus Mutual Funds, the Distributor may pay broker-dealers a finder’s fee in an amount equal to 1.00% of eligible Class A Share purchases from $1,000,000 to $3,000,000, 0.50% on amounts of  $3,000,001 to $10,000,000, and 0.25% on amounts greater than $10,000,000. Purchases of Class A Shares by an account in the name of a qualified employee benefit plan are eligible for a finder’s fee only if such plan has at least 100 eligible employees. A CDSC may be imposed on certain redemptions of such Class A investments. For Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund and Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund, the CDSC may be imposed on redemptions within 12 months of a finder’s fee being paid; for all other funds, the CDSC may be imposed on redemptions within 18 months of a finder’s fee being paid. For all Virtus fixed income funds and Virtus Rampart Sector Trend Fund, the CDSC is 0.50%; for all other Virtus Mutual Funds, the CDSC is 1.00%. For purposes of determining the applicability of the CDSC, the 12- or 18-month period, as applicable, begins on the last day of the month preceding the month in which the purchase was made. The Distributor will also pay broker-dealers a service fee of 0.25% beginning in the thirteenth month following purchase of Class A Shares on which a finder’s fee has been paid. VP Distributors reserves the right to discontinue or alter such fee payment plans at any time.
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From its own resources or pursuant to the distribution and shareholder servicing plans, and subject to the dealers’ prior approval, the Distributor may provide additional compensation to registered representatives of dealers in the form of travel expenses, meals, and lodging associated with training and educational meetings sponsored by the Distributor. The Distributor may also provide gifts amounting in value to less than $100, and occasional meals or entertainment, to registered representatives of dealers. Any such travel expenses, meals, lodging, gifts or entertainment paid will not be preconditioned upon the registered representatives’ or dealers’ achievement of a sales target. The Distributor may, from time to time, reallow the entire portion of the sales charge on Class A Shares which it normally retains to individual selling dealers. However, such additional reallowance generally will be made only when the selling dealer commits to substantial marketing support such as internal wholesaling through dedicated personnel, internal communications and mass mailings.
The Distributor has also agreed to pay fees to certain distributors for preferred marketing opportunities. These arrangements may be viewed as creating a conflict of interest between these distributors and investors. Investors should make due inquiry of their selling agents to ensure that they are receiving the requisite point of sale disclosures and suitable recommendations free of any influence by reason of these arrangements.
The categories of payments the Distributor and/or the Transfer Agent may make to other parties are not mutually exclusive, and such parties may receive payments under more than one or all categories. These payments could be significant to a party receiving them, creating a conflict of interest for such party in making investment recommendations to investors. Investors should make due inquiry of any party recommending the funds for purchase to ensure that such investors are receiving the requisite point of sale disclosures and suitable recommendations free of any influence by reason of these arrangements.
A document containing information about sales charges, including breakpoint (volume) discounts, is available free of charge on the Internet at virtus.com . In the Individual Investors section, go to the tab “Investors Knowledge Base” and click on the link for Breakpoint (Volume) Discounts.
Class R6 Shares Only
No compensation, administrative payments, sub-transfer agency payments or service payments are paid to brokers or other entities from fund assets or the Distributor’s or an affiliate’s resources on sales of or investments in Class R6 Shares. Class R6 Shares do not carry sales commissions or pay Rule 12b-1 fees, or make payments to brokers or other entities to assist in, or in connection with, the sale of the fund’s shares.
Class T Shares
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
Sales Charge
as Percentage
of Offering
Price (%)
Sales Charge
as Percentage
of Net Amount
Invested (%)
Dealer Discount
or Agency Fee
as Percentage of
Offering Price
(%)
Under $250,000 2.50 2.56 2.50
$250,000 but under $500,000 2.00 2.04 2.00
$500,000 but under $1,000,000 1.50 1.52 1.50
$1,000,000 or more 1.00 1.01 1.00
Custodian
The Bank of New York Mellon, One Wall Street, New York, NY 10286, serves as the custodian (the “Custodian”) of the Funds’ assets. The Custodian designated by the Board holds the securities in the Funds’ portfolios and other assets for safe keeping. The Custodian does not and will not participate in making investment decisions for the Funds. The Trust has authorized the Custodian to appoint one or more sub-custodians for the assets of the Funds held outside the United States. The securities and other assets of each Fund are held by its Custodian or any sub-custodian separate from the securities and assets of each other Fund.
Transfer Agent and Sub-Transfer Agent
Virtus Fund Services acts as transfer agent for the Trust. Pursuant to a Transfer Agent and Service Agreement, Virtus Fund Services receives a fee, based on the average net assets at an annual rate ranging from [0.045% to 0.0025%], depending on asset class. Virtus Fund Services is authorized to engage subagents to perform certain shareholder servicing functions from time to time for which such agents shall be paid a fee by Virtus Fund Services or the Funds. Pursuant to an agreement among the Trust, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, BNY Mellon serves as sub-transfer agent to perform certain shareholder servicing functions for the Funds. For performing such services, BNY Mellon receives a monthly fee from the Funds. Fees paid by the Funds, in addition to the fee paid to Virtus Fund Services, will be reviewed and approved by the Board.
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Legal Counsel to the Trust and the Independent Trustees
Sullivan & Worcester, LLP, 1666 K Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006, acts as legal counsel to the Trust and its Independent Trustees and reviews certain legal matters for the Trust in connection with the shares offered by the Prospectus.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
[______] serves as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust. [___] audits the Trust’s annual financial statements and expresses an opinion thereon. The independent registered public accounting firm also provides other accounting and tax-related services as requested by the Trust from time to time. [___'s] business address is [_____].
DISTRIBUTION PLANS
The Trust has adopted a distribution plan for each class of shares (except Class I Shares and Class R6 Shares) (i.e., a plan for the Class A Shares, a plan for the Class C Shares and a plan for the Class T Shares; collectively, the “Plans”) in accordance with Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, to compensate the Distributor for the services it provides and for the expenses it bears under the underwriting agreement. Each class of shares pays a service fee at a rate of 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets of such class of the Fund and a distribution fee based on average daily net assets at the rate 0.75% per annum for Class C Shares.
Expenditures under the Plans may consist of: (i) commissions to sales personnel for selling shares of the Fund (including underwriting fees and financing expenses incurred in connection with the payment of commissions); compensation, sales incentives and payments to sales, marketing and service personnel; (iii) payments to broker-dealers and other financial institutions which have entered into agreements with the Distributor in the form of the Dealer Agreement for Virtus Mutual Funds for services rendered in connection with the sale and distribution of shares of the Fund; (iv) payment of expenses incurred in sales and promotional activities, including advertising expenditures related to the Fund; (v) the costs of preparing and distributing promotional materials; (vi) the cost of printing the Fund’s Prospectuses and SAI for distribution to potential investors; (vii) expenses related to the cost of financing or providing such financing from the Distributor’s or an affiliate’s resources in connection with the Distributor’s payment of such distribution expenses; and (viii) such other similar services that the Trustees determine are reasonably calculated to result in the sale of shares of the Fund. From the fees received, the Distributor expects to pay a quarterly fee to qualifying broker-dealer firms, as compensation for providing personal services and/or the maintenance of shareholder accounts, with respect to shares sold by such firms. In the case of shares of the Funds being sold to an affiliated fund of funds, fees payable under the Plans shall be paid to the distributor of the fund of funds. This fee will not exceed on an annual basis 0.25% of the average annual NAV of such shares, and will be in addition to sales charges on Fund shares which are re-allowed to such firms. To the extent that the entire amount of the fees received is not paid to such firms, the balance will serve as compensation for personal and account maintenance services furnished by the Distributor. The Distributor also pays to dealers an additional compensation with respect to Class C Shares at the rate of 0.75% of the average annual NAV of that class.
In order to receive payments under the Plans, participants must meet such qualifications to be established in the sole discretion of the Distributor, such as services to the Funds’ shareholders; or services providing the Funds with more efficient methods of offering shares to coherent groups of clients, members or prospects of a participant; or services permitting bulking of purchases or sales, or transmission of such purchases or sales by computerized tape or other electronic equipment; or other processing. Dealers must have an aggregate value of  $50,000 or more per Fund CUSIP to qualify for payment in that Fund class.
On a quarterly basis, the Funds’ Board reviews a report on expenditures under the Plans and the purposes for which expenditures were made. The Trustees conduct an additional, more extensive review annually in determining whether the Plans will be continued. By its terms, continuation of the Plans from year to year is contingent on annual approval by a majority of the Funds’ Trustees and by a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plans or any related agreements (the “Plan Trustees”). The Plans provide that they may not be amended to increase materially the costs which the Funds may bear pursuant to the Plans without approval of the shareholders of that class of the Funds and that other material amendments to the Plans must be approved by a majority of the Plan Trustees by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of considering such amendments. The Plans further provide that while they are in effect, the selection and nomination of Trustees who are not “interested persons” shall be committed to the discretion of the Trustees who are not “interested persons.” The Plans may be terminated at any time by vote of the Plan Trustees or a majority of the outstanding shares of the relevant class of the Funds.
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Rule 12b-1 Fees Paid
The following table shows Rule 12b-1 Fees paid by the Funds to VP Distributors with respect to Class A Shares and Class C Shares of each Fund for which such fees were paid for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, and the fiscal period ended September 30, 2017.
Fund
Rule 12b-1 Fees Paid ($)
Rule 12b-1 Fees Waived ($)
3/31/2017
9/30/2017
3/31/2017
9/30/2017
Capital Growth Fund 1,159,896 $ [______] N/A $ [______]
Contrarian Value Fund 591,148 $ [______] N/A $ [______]
Enhanced Core Equity Fund 637,660 $ [______] N/A $ [______]
Global Quality Dividend Fund 199,777 $ [______] N/A $ [______]
Mid-Cap Core Fund 155,125 $ [______] N/A $ [______]
Mid-Cap Growth Fund 247,395 $ [______] N/A $ [______]
Small-Cap Core Fund 520,170 $ [______] N/A $ [______]
Small-Cap Growth Fund 726,303 $ [______] N/A $ [______]
Small-Cap Value Fund 461,047 $ [______] N/A $ [______]
Strategic Allocation Fund 1,482,300 $ [______] N/A $ [______]
Tactical Allocation Fund 405,645 $ [______] N/A $ [______]
For the fiscal period ended September 30, 2017, the Funds paid Rule 12b-1 Fees in the amount of $[______] of which the Distributor received $[______] and unaffiliated broker-dealers received $[______]. The Rule 12b-1 payments were used for (1) compensation to dealers, $[______]; (2) compensation to sales personnel, $[______]; (3) advertising costs, $[______]; (4) printing and mailing of prospectuses to other than current shareholders, $[______]; and (6) other expenses, $[______].
No interested person of the Funds other than the Distributor and no Trustee who is not an interested person of the Funds, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, has had any direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plans or related agreements.
FINRA regards certain distribution fees as asset-based sales charges subject to FINRA sales load limits. FINRA’s maximum sales charge rule may require the Board to suspend distribution fees or amend the Plans.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interest
As described in each Fund’s prospectuses, the portfolio manager(s) who are responsible for the Funds are:
Fund
Portfolio Manager
Capital Growth Fund Doug Foreman
Contrarian Value Fund
Bruce Bottomley
Mark Helderman
Daniel Leary
Enhanced Core Equity Fund
Michael Davis
Brendan R. Finneran
Robert F. Hofeman, Jr.
Warun Kumar
Global Quality Dividend Fund Richard Sherry
Mid-Cap Core Fund
Jon Christensen
Craig Stone
Mid-Cap Growth Fund Doug Foreman
Small-Cap Core Fund
Todd Beiley
Jon Christensen
Small-Cap Growth Fund
Todd Beiley
Jon Christensen
Small-Cap Value Fund
Julie Kutasov
Craig Stone
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Fund
Portfolio Manager
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund
Jon Christensen
Julie Kutasov
Craig Stone
Strategic Allocation Fund (domestic equity portion only) Doug Foreman
Strategic Allocation Fund (international equity portion only) Frederick A. Brimberg
Strategic Allocation Fund (fixed income portion only)
David L. Albrycht
Stephen H. Hooker
Tactical Allocation Fund (domestic equity portion only) Doug Foreman
Tactical Allocation Fund (international equity portion only)
Frederick A. Brimberg
Tactical Allocation Fund (fixed income portion only) David L. Albrycht
There may be certain inherent conflicts of interest that arise in connection with the portfolio managers’ management of a Fund’s investments and the investments of any other accounts they manage. Such conflicts could include the aggregation of orders for all accounts managed by a particular portfolio manager, the allocation of purchases across all such accounts, the allocation of IPOs and any soft dollar arrangements that the relevant subadviser may have in place that could benefit the Funds and/or such other accounts. The Board has adopted on behalf of the Funds policies and procedures designed to address any such conflicts of interest to ensure that all transactions are executed in the best interest of the Funds’ shareholders. Each subadviser is required to certify its compliance with these procedures to the Board on a quarterly basis. There have been no material compliance issues with respect to any of these policies and procedures during the Funds’ most recent fiscal year. Additionally, any conflicts of interest between the investment strategies of a Fund and the investment strategies of other accounts managed by portfolio managers are not expected to be material since portfolio managers generally manage funds and other accounts having similar investment strategies.
The following tables provide information as of September 30, 2017, regarding all accounts managed by the portfolio managers and portfolio management team members for each of the funds as named in the prospectus. In the tables, Registered Investment Companies include all open and closed-end mutual funds. Pooled Investment Vehicles (PIVs) include, but are not limited to, securities of issuers exempt from registration under Section 3(c) of the Investment Company Act, such as private placements and hedge funds. Other accounts would include, but are not limited to, individual managed accounts, separate accounts, institutional accounts, pension funds, collateralized bond obligations and collateralized debt obligations. The portfolio managers managing the Funds may also manage or be members of management teams for other Virtus Mutual Funds or other similar accounts.
Other Accounts Managed (no Performance-Based Fees)
Registered Investment Companies
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
(PIVs)
Other Accounts
Portfolio Manager
Number of
Accounts
Total Assets
Number of
Accounts
Total Assets
Number of
Accounts
Total Assets
[David L. Albrycht
20
$10.5 billion
1
$53.1 million
None
N/A
Todd Beiley (1)
4
$1.28 billion
None
N/A
538
$2.83 billion
Bruce Bottomley (2)
None
N/A
None
N/A
24
$4.0 billion
Frederick A. Brimberg
5
$291 million
None
N/A
495
$112 million
Jon Christensen (1)
4
$1.36 billion
None
N/A
516
$2.82 billion
Michael Davis
9
$1.43 billion
None
N/A
None
N/A
Brenden R. Finneran
9
$1.43 billion
None
N/A
139
$498 million
Doug Foreman (1)
6
$1.04 billion
None
N/A
118
$206 million
Mark Helderman (2)
None
N/A
None
N/A
24
$4.0 billion
Robert F. Hofeman, Jr.
9
$1.43 billion
None
N/A
139
$498 million
Stephen H. Hooker
5
$1.06 billion
None
N/A
4
$179 million
Warun Kumar
9
$1.43 billion
None
N/A
None
N/A
Julie Kutasov (1)
4
$735 million
1
$66.0 million
419
$2.99 billion
Daniel Leary (2)
None
N/A
None
N/A
24
$4.0 billion
Richard Sherry (1)
2
$334 million
None
N/A
473
$769 million
Craig Stone (1)
6
$933 million
1
$66.0 million
475
$3.12 billion
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(1)
These investment professionals function as a team and are not segregated along product lines or by client type. The portfolio managers work on all core equity products and the data shown for these managers reflects firm-level numbers of accounts and assets under management segregated by investment vehicle type.
(2)
These investment professionals function as a team and are not segregated along product lines or by client type. The portfolio managers work on all core equity products and the data shown for these managers reflects firm-level numbers of accounts and assets under management segregated by investment vehicle type. ]
Other Accounts Managed (with Performance-Based Fees) (3)
Registered Investment Companies
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
(PIVs)
Other Accounts
Portfolio Manager
Number of
Accounts
Total Assets
Number of
Accounts
Total Assets
Number of
Accounts
Total Assets
[David L. Albrycht
2
$180 million
None
N/A
None
N/A
Bruce Bottomley
None
N/A
None
N/A
1
$750 million
Mark Helderman
None
N/A
None
N/A
1
$750 million
Stephen H. Hooker
1
$54.7 million
None
N/A
None
N/A
Daniel Leary
None
N/A
None
N/A
1
$750 million
(3) Table reflects all those portfolio managers who manage accounts with performance-based fees.]
Portfolio Manager Compensation
Duff  & Phelps, KAR, Newfleet and Rampart
Virtus and certain of its affiliated investment management firms, including Duff  & Phelps, KAR, Newfleet and Rampart (collectively, “Virtus”), believe that the firm’s compensation program is adequate and competitive to attract and retain high-caliber investment professionals. Investment professionals at Virtus receive a competitive base salary, an incentive bonus opportunity and a benefits package. Certain professionals who supervise and manage others also participate in a management incentive program reflecting their personal contribution and team performance. Certain key individuals also have the opportunity to take advantage of a long-term incentive compensation program, including potential awards of Virtus restricted stock units (“Virtus RSUs”) with multi-year vesting, subject to Virtus board of directors’ approval. Following is a more detailed description of Virtus’ compensation structure.
Base Salary. Each portfolio manager is paid a fixed base salary, which is designed to be competitive in light of the individual’s experience and responsibilities. Base salary is determined using compensation survey results of investment industry compensation conducted by an independent third party in evaluating competitive market compensation for its investment management professionals.
Incentive Bonus. Annual incentive payments are based on targeted compensation levels, adjusted based on profitability, investment performance factors and a subjective assessment of contribution to the team effort. The short-term incentive payment is generally paid in cash, but a portion may be made in Virtus RSUs. Individual payments are assessed using comparisons of actual investment performance with specific peer group or index measures. (Current benchmarks and/or peer groups are indicated in the table below.) Performance of the Funds managed is generally measured over one-, three- and five-year periods and an individual manager’s participation is based on the performance of each Fund/account managed.
Fund
Benchmark(s) and/or Peer Group
Capital Growth Fund Russell 1000 ®   Growth Index Tactical
Enhanced Core Equity Fund Lipper Large Cap Core Funds
Global Quality Dividend Fund Russell Developed Large Cap Index
Mid-Cap Core Fund Russell Mid-Cap Index
Small-Cap Core Fund Russell 2000 ® Index
Small-Cap Growth Fund Russell 2000 ® Growth Index
Small-Cap Value Fund Russell 2000 ®   Value Index
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund [TBD]
Strategic Allocation Fund (domestic equity portion) Lipper Large Cap Core Funds
Strategic Allocation Fund (international equity portion) Lipper Large Cap Core Funds
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Fund
Benchmark(s) and/or Peer Group
Strategic Allocation Fund (fixed income portion) Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index
Tactical Allocation Fund (fixed income portion) Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index
Tactical Allocation Fund (equity portions) Lipper Large Cap Core Funds
While portfolio manager compensation contains a performance component, this component is adjusted to reward investment personnel for managing within the stated framework and for not taking unnecessary risk. This approach ensures that investment management personnel remain focused on managing and acquiring securities that correspond to a Fund’s mandate and risk profile and are discouraged from taking on more risk and unnecessary exposure to chase performance for personal gain. Virtus believes it has appropriate controls in place to handle any potential conflicts that may result from a substantial portion of portfolio manager compensation being tied to performance.
Other benefits. Portfolio managers are also eligible to participate in broad-based plans offered generally to employees of Virtus and its affiliates, including 401(k), health and other employee benefit plans.
Sasco
Sasco is independently owned by its employees. All key investment professionals’ compensation is directly tied to the profitability of the firm since each has direct stock ownership, or an ownership profit interest in the firm. Each receives a fixed base salary plus bonus, or profit distribution, based on individual contribution and profitability of the firm. Bonuses can exceed 100% of base salary. Profits, after all expenses, are distributed and not retained in the business. Sasco has an employee Target Benefit Plan for all of its employees, including its portfolio managers. The Plan is administered by an independent actuarial firm. All compensation is pre-tax. There is no difference between the method used to determine compensation with respect to management of the Contrarian Value Fund and the other accounts managed by the portfolio managers.
Portfolio Manager Fund Ownership
The following chart sets forth the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each portfolio manager in each fund described in the funds’ prospectuses that he or she managed as of September 30, 2017:
Portfolio Manager
Dollar Range of Equity Securities Beneficially Owned in Fund
Managed
[David L. Albrycht
Strategic Allocation Fund – None
Tactical Allocation Fund – None
Todd Beiley
Small-Cap Core Fund – $1-$10,000
Small-Cap Growth Fund – $1-$10,000
Bruce Bottomley Contrarian Value Fund – $100,001-$500,000
Frederick A. Brimberg
Strategic Allocation Fund – None
Tactical Allocation Fund – None
Jon Christensen
Mid-Cap Core Fund – $100,001-$500,000
Small-Cap Core Fund – $50,001-$100,000
Small-Cap Growth Fund – $100,001-$500,000
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund – None *
Michael Davis Enhanced Core Equity Fund – None
Brendan R. Finneran Enhanced Core Equity Fund – $50,001-$100,000
Doug Foreman
Capital Growth Fund – $1-$10,000
Mid-Cap Growth Fund – $1-$10,000
Strategic Growth Fund – None
Tactical Allocation Fund – None
Mark Helderman Contrarian Value Fund – $100,001-$500,000
Robert F. Hofeman, Jr. Enhanced Core Equity Fund – $50,001-$100,000
Stephen H. Hooker Strategic Allocation Fund – None
Warun Kumar Enhanced Core Equity Fund – None
Julie Kutasov
Small-Cap Value Fund – $1-$10,000
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund – None *
Daniel Leary Contrarian Value Fund – $500,001-$1,000,000
Richard Sherry Global Quality Dividend Fund – $50,001-$100,000
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Portfolio Manager
Dollar Range of Equity Securities Beneficially Owned in Fund
Managed
Craig Stone
Mid-Cap Core Fund – $50,001-$100,000
Small-Cap Value Fund – $50,001-$100,000
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund – None * ]
*
The Small-Mid Cap Core Fund has been in existence since the date of this SAI.
BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES
In effecting transactions for the Funds, the adviser or applicable subadviser (throughout this section, "Subadviser") adheres to the Trust's policy of seeking best execution and price, determined as described below, except to the extent it is permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions for "brokerage and research services" as defined herein. The determination of what may constitute best execution and price in the execution of a securities transaction by a broker involves a number of considerations including, without limitation, the overall direct net economic result to the Funds (involving both price paid or received and any commissions and other costs paid), the efficiency with which the transaction is effected, the ability to effect the transaction at all where a large block is involved, availability of the broker to stand ready to execute possibly difficult transactions in the future, the financial strength and stability of the broker and its ability to provide research services. Such considerations are judgmental and are weighed by the Subadviser in determining the overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds.
The Subadviser may cause a Fund to pay a broker an amount of commission for effecting a securities transaction in excess of the amount of commission which another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the Subadviser determines in good faith that such amount of commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker. As provided in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, "brokerage and research services" include advising as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities, the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities; furnishing analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy and the performance of accounts, and effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto (such as clearance and settlement). Brokerage and research services provided by brokers to the Funds are considered to be in addition to and not in lieu of services required to be performed by each Subadviser under its contract with the Trust and may benefit both the Funds and other accounts of the Subadviser. Conversely, brokerage and research services provided by brokers to other accounts of the Subadviser may benefit the Funds.
If the securities in which a particular Fund invests are traded primarily in the over-the-counter market, where possible the Fund will deal directly with the dealers who make a market in the securities involved unless better prices and executions are available elsewhere. Such securities may be purchased directly from the issuer. Bonds and money market instruments are generally traded on a net basis and do not normally involve either brokerage commissions or transfer taxes.
Some fund transactions are, subject to the Conduct Rules of the FINRA and to obtaining best prices and executions, effected through dealers (excluding VP Distributors) who sell shares of the Funds.
The Trust has Board approved, policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent (i) the Subadvisers' personnel responsible for the selection of broker-dealers to effect fund portfolio securities transactions from taking into account, in making those decisions, a broker-dealer's promotion or sales efforts, and (ii) the Trust, its Adviser, Subadvisers and Distributor from entering into any agreement or other understanding under which the Funds direct brokerage transactions or revenue generated by those transactions to a broker-dealer to pay for distribution of Fund shares. These policies and procedures are designed to prevent the Trust from entering into informal arrangements to direct portfolio securities transactions to a particular broker.
The Trust has adopted a policy and procedures governing the execution of aggregated advisory client orders ("bunching procedures") in an attempt to lower commission costs on a per-share and per-dollar basis. According to the bunching procedures, no Subadviser shall aggregate transactions unless it believes in its sole discretion that such aggregation is consistent with its duty to seek best execution (which shall include the duty to seek best price) for the Funds. No advisory account of the Subadviser is to be favored over any other account and each account that participates in an aggregated order is expected to participate at the average share price for all transactions of the Subadviser in that security on a given business day, with all transaction costs shared pro rata based on the Fund's participation in the transaction. If the aggregated order is filled in its entirety, it shall be allocated among the Subadviser's accounts in accordance with the allocation order, and if the order is partially filled, it shall be allocated pro rata based on the allocation order. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the order may be allocated on a basis different from that specified in the allocation order if good reason for such different allocation is provided and approved in accordance
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with Subadviser’s policies and procedures adopted in accordance with the Trust’s policy. The Board will review these procedures from time to time as they deem appropriate.
The Funds of Funds generally do not invest directly in securities, but rather invest in ETFs and shares of underlying mutual funds. The shares of the underlying affiliated mutual funds are purchased at NAV of the shares of that fund without payment of a brokerage commission or a sales charge. The shares of ETFs are purchased through broker-dealers in transactions on a securities exchange, and the Funds will pay customary brokerage commissions for each purchase and sale.
The adviser or subadvisers to the underlying mutual funds execute the portfolio transactions for their respective fund(s). In allocating portfolio transactions, each underlying fund’s adviser or subadviser must comply with the brokerage and allocation procedures adopted by the board of trustees of the underlying mutual fund. The above discussion of the portfolio transactions and brokerage procedures of the Funds also applies to those underlying mutual funds that are affiliated with the Funds.
The following table shows aggregate amount of brokerage commissions paid by each Fund. This information is for the past three fiscal periods.
Aggregate Amount of Brokerage Commissions ($)
Fund
3/31/2016
3/31/2017
9/30/2017
Capital Growth Fund 124,902 142,345
Contrarian Value Fund 208,200 151,128
Enhanced Core Equity Fund 144,880 244,903
Global Quality Dividend Fund 36,170 49,188
Mid-Cap Core Fund 14,335 33,720
Mid-Cap Growth Fund 34,672 24,449
Small-Cap Core Fund 173,473 140,129
Small-Cap Growth Fund 140,449 442,719
Small-Cap Value Fund 107,461 122,405
Strategic Allocation Fund 257,531 240,168
Tactical Allocation Fund 111,744 74,216
In fiscal years ended March 31, 2016 and 2017, and the fiscal period ended September 30, 2017, no brokerage commissions were paid by the funds to any affiliate of the Funds, the Adviser or the Distributor, or to any affiliate of any affiliate of the Funds, the Adviser or the Distributor. Brokerage commissions of $[______] paid during the fiscal period ended September 30, 2017, were paid on portfolio transactions aggregating $[______] executed by brokers who provided research and other statistical information.
Investment decisions for the Trust are made independently from those of the other investment companies or accounts advised by the Subadvisers. It may frequently happen that the same security is held in the portfolio of more than one fund or account. Simultaneous transactions are inevitable when several funds or accounts are managed by the same investment adviser, particularly when the same security is suited for the investment objectives of more than one fund or account. When two or more funds or accounts advised by a Subadviser are simultaneously engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security, the transactions are allocated among the funds or accounts in a manner equitable to each fund or account. It is recognized that in some cases this system could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security as far as the Funds are concerned. In other cases, however, it is believed that the ability of the Funds to participate in volume transactions will produce better executions for the Funds. It is the opinion of the Board that the desirability of utilizing each Subadviser as an investment adviser to the Funds outweighs the disadvantages that may be said to exist from simultaneous transactions.
Securities of Regular Broker-Dealers
The Funds are required to identify the securities of their regular brokers or dealers (as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act) or their parent companies held by the Funds as of the close of their most recent fiscal year. During the fiscal period ended September 30, 2017, the Funds acquired securities of certain of the Funds’ regular broker dealers or the parents of such firms. The aggregate holdings of the Funds of those brokers or dealers as of September 30, 2017 (amounts in thousands, except shares) were as follows:
Fund
Broker/Dealer
Value ($)
[Strategic Allocation Fund Bank of America Securities LLC 4,418
Barclays Bank PLC 2,110
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Fund
Broker/Dealer
Value ($)
Citicorp Securities Services Inc. 1,736
Credit Suisse Group 817
Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. 566
Goldman Sachs & Co. 5,638
JPMorgan Chase & Co. 9,123
Morgan Stanley & Co. 5,272
UBS AG 5,171
Wells Fargo & Co. 7,434
Tactical Allocation Fund Bank of America Securities LLC 1,219
Barclays Bank PLC 161
Citicorp Securities Services Inc. 580
Credit Suisse Group 273
Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. 163
Goldman Sachs & Co. 1,540
JPMorgan Chase & Co. 2,613
Morgan Stanley & Co. 710
UBS AG 1,298
Wells Fargo & Co. 1,893]
During the fiscal period ended September 30, 2017, the Funds had no directed brokerage transactions to brokers for proprietary and third party research services.
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES
How to Buy Shares
For Class A Shares and Class C Shares, the minimum initial investment is $2,500 and the minimum subsequent investment is $100. However, both the initial and subsequent minimum investment amounts are $100 for investments pursuant to the “Systematic Purchase” plan, a bank draft investing program administered by the Transfer Agent, or pursuant to the Systematic Exchange privilege or for an IRA. In addition, there are no subsequent minimum investment amounts in connection with the reinvestment of dividend or capital gain distributions. For Class I Shares, the minimum initial investment is $100,000 and there is no subsequent minimum investment. For purchases of Class I Shares (i) by private clients of the adviser, subadviser and their affiliates, (ii) through certain programs and defined contribution plans with which the Distributor or Transfer Agent has an arrangement or (iii) by Trustees of the funds and directors, officers and employees of Virtus and its affiliates, the minimum initial investment is waived. Completed applications for the purchase of shares should be mailed to: Virtus Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 9874, Providence, RI 02940-8074.
Class R6 Shares are available only to the following investors without a minimum initial investment or minimum additional purchases: certain employer sponsored retirement plans, including profit-sharing and money purchase pension plans, defined benefit plans and non-qualified deferred compensation plans, and plans described in Section 401(k), 403(b) and 457 of the Internal Revenue Code, in each case provided that plan level or omnibus accounts are held on the books of the fund. Other institutional investors may be permitted to purchase Class R6 Shares subject to the fund’s determination of eligibility and may be subject to a $2,500,000 minimum initial investment requirement. If you are participating in an employer sponsored retirement plan, such as a 401(k) plan, profit-sharing plan, defined benefit plan or other employer-directed plan, your company will provide you with the information you need to open an account and buy Class R6 Shares. If you are a qualified institutional investor, completed applications for the purchase of shares should be mailed to: Virtus Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 9874, Providence, RI 02940-8074.
Class T Shares are available only through financial intermediaries. Your financial intermediary will provide you with the information you need to buy Class T Shares.
The Trust has authorized one or more brokers to accept on its behalf purchase and redemption orders. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to accept purchase and redemption orders on the Trust’s behalf. The Trust will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker’s authorized designee, accepts the order. Customer orders will be priced at the Funds’ NAVs next computed after they are received in good order by an authorized broker or the broker’s authorized designee.
Alternative Purchase Arrangements
Shares may be purchased from investment dealers at a price equal to their NAV per share, plus a sales charge which, at the election of the purchaser, may be imposed either (i) at the time of the purchase (the “initial sales charge alternative”) or (ii) on a contingent deferred basis (the “deferred sales charge alternative”). Certain Funds also offer
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Class I Shares that may be purchased by certain institutional investors at a price equal to their NAV per share. Orders received by dealers prior to the close of trading on the NYSE are confirmed at the offering price effective at that time, provided the order is received by an authorized broker or broker’s authorized designee prior to its close of business.
The alternative purchase arrangements permit an investor to choose the method of purchasing shares that is more beneficial given the amount of the purchase, the length of time the investor expects to hold the shares, whether the investor wishes to receive distributions in cash or to reinvest them in additional shares of the Funds, and other circumstances. Investors should consider whether, during the anticipated life of their investment in the Fund, the accumulated continuing distribution and services fees and CDSC on Class C Shares would be less than the initial sales charge and accumulated distribution services fee on Class A Shares purchased at the same time.
Investors should understand that the purpose and function of the CDSC and ongoing distribution and services fees with respect to the Class C Shares are the same as those of the initial sales charge and ongoing distribution and services fees with respect to the Class A Shares.
The distribution expenses incurred by the Distributor in connection with the sale of the shares will be paid, in the case of Class A Shares, from the proceeds of the initial sales charge and the ongoing distribution and service fee. For Class C Shares, the ongoing distribution and service fee will be used to pay for the distribution expenses incurred by the Distributor. Sales personnel of broker-dealers distributing the Funds’ shares may receive differing compensation for selling Class A Shares and Class C Shares.
Dividends paid by a Fund, if any, with respect to each class of shares will be calculated in the same manner at the same time on the same day, except that fees such as higher distribution and service fees and any incremental transfer agency costs relating to each class of shares will be borne exclusively by that class. (See “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” in this SAI.)
Class A Shares
Class A Shares incur a sales charge when they are purchased and enjoy the benefit of not being subject to any sales charge when they are redeemed, except that a CDSC may apply on certain redemptions on which a finder's fee has been paid. For Virtus Low Duration Income Fund and Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund, the CDSC may be imposed on redemptions within 12 months of a finder’s fee being paid; for all other funds, the CDSC may be imposed on redemptions within 18 months of a finder’s fee being paid. For Virtus fixed income fund and Virtus Rampart Sector Trend Fund the CDSC is 0.50%; for all other Virtus Mutual Funds, the CDSC is 1.00%. The CDSC period begins on the last day of the month preceding the month in which the purchase was made. Such deferred sales charges may be waived under certain conditions as determined by the Distributor. Class A Shares are subject to ongoing distribution and services fees at an annual rate of 0.25% of the Fund’s aggregate average daily net assets attributable to the Class A Shares. In addition, certain purchases of Class A Shares qualify for reduced initial sales charges. Shareholders of the Contrarian Value Fund who became shareholders through the reorganization of the FMI Sasco Contrarian Value Fund (the “Predecessor Value Fund”) received Class A Shares of the Contrarian Value Fund in exchange for their shares of the Predecessor Value Fund and are not required to pay a sales load for new purchases of Class A Shares of the Contrarian Value Fund.
Class C Shares
Class C Shares are purchased without an initial sales charge but are subject to a deferred sales charge if redeemed within one year of purchase. The deferred sales charge may be waived in connection with certain qualifying redemptions. Shares issued in conjunction with the automatic reinvestment of income distributions and capital gain distributions are not subject to any sales charges. Class C Shares are subject to ongoing distribution and service fees of up to 1.00% of each Fund’s aggregate average daily net assets attributable to Class C Shares. Class C Shares enjoy the benefit of permitting all of the investor’s dollars to work from the time the investment is made. The higher ongoing distribution and services fee paid by Class C Shares will cause such shares to have a higher expense ratio and to pay lower dividends, to the extent any dividends are paid, than those related to Class A Shares. Class C Shares do not convert to another class of shares and long term investors may therefore pay more through accumulated distribution fees than the economic equivalent of any applicable sales charge and accumulated distribution fees in the other classes.
Class I Shares
Class I Shares are offered primarily to clients of financial intermediaries that (i) charge such clients an ongoing fee for advisory, investment, consulting, or similar services; or (ii) have entered into an agreement with the Distributor to offer Class I Shares through a no-load network or platform. Such clients may include pension and profit sharing plans, other
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employee benefit trusts, endowments, foundations and corporations. Class I Shares are also offered to private and institutional clients of, or referred by, the Adviser, the subadvisers, their affiliates, and to Trustees of the funds and trustees/directors of affiliated open- and closed-end funds, and directors, officers and employees of Virtus and its affiliates.
Class R6 Shares
Class R6 Shares are available only to employer-sponsored retirement plans, including profit-sharing and money purchase pension plans, defined benefit plans and non-qualified deferred compensation plans, and plans described in Section 401(k), 403(b) and 457 of the Internal Revenue Code, where plan level or omnibus accounts are held on the books of the fund. Other institutional investors may be permitted to purchase Class R6 Shares subject to the fund’s determination of eligibility and may be subject to a $2,500,000 minimum initial investment requirement. Class R6 Shares are not available to traditional or Roth IRAs, Coverdell Savings Accounts, Keoghs, SEPs, SARSEPs, or Simple IRAs and are not available through retail, advisory fee-based wrap platforms. Individual shareholders who purchase Class R6 Shares through retirement platforms or other intermediaries are not eligible to hold Class R6 Shares outside of their respective plan or intermediary platform. If you are eligible to purchase and do purchase Class R6 Shares, you will pay no sales charge at any time. There are no distribution and service fees applicable to Class R6 Shares.
Class T Shares
Class T Shares incur a sales charge when they are purchased and enjoy the benefit of not being subject to any sales charge when they are redeemed. You may qualify for sales charge discounts in Class T Shares if you invest at least $250,000 in a fund. More information on these and other discounts is available: (i) from your financial intermediary; (ii) under “Sales Charges” in the funds’ prospectus; and (iii) with respect to purchase of shares through specific intermediaries, in Appendix A to the funds’ prospectus, entitled “Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers.” Class T Shares are subject to ongoing distribution and services fees at an annual rate of 0.25% of a fund’s aggregate average daily net assets attributable to Class T Shares.
Class A Shares — Reduced Initial Sales Charges
Investors choosing Class A Shares may be entitled to reduced inital sales charges. The ways in which initial sales charges may be avoided or reduced are described below. Investors buying Class A Shares on which a finder's fee has been paid may incur a CDSC if they redeem their shares within 18 months of purchase. For all Virtus fixed income funds and Virtus Rampart Sector Trend Fund, the CDSC is 0.50%; for all other Virtus Mutual Funds, the CDSC is 1.00%. The CDSC period begins on the last day of the month preceding the month in which the purchase was made. Such deferred sales charge may be waived under certain conditions as determined by the Distributor or Transfer Agent.
Qualified Purchasers
If you fall within any one of the following categories, you will not have to pay a sales charge on your purchase of Class A Shares, provided that such purchase is made upon the written assurance of the purchaser that the purchase is made for investment purposes and that the shares so acquired will not be resold except to the Fund:
(1) Trustee, director or officer of any Virtus Mutual Fund, or any other mutual fund advised, subadvised or distributed by the Adviser, Distributor or any of their corporate affiliates;
(2) Any director or officer, or any full-time employee or sales representative (for at least 90 days), of the applicable Fund’s Adviser, subadviser or Distributor;
(3) Any private client of an Adviser or subadviser to any Virtus Mutual Fund;
(4) Registered representatives and employees of securities dealers with whom the Distributor has sales agreements;
(5) Any qualified retirement plan exclusively for persons described above;
(6) Any officer, director or employee of a corporate affiliate of the Adviser, a subadviser or the Distributor;
(7) Any spouse or domestic partner, child, parent, grandparent, brother or sister of any person named in (1), (2), (4) or (6) above;
(8) Employee benefit plans for employees of the Adviser, Distributor and/or their corporate affiliates;
(9) Any employee or agent who retires from the Distributor and/or their corporate affiliates or from PNX, as long as, with respect to PNX employees or agents, such individual was employed by PNX prior to December 31, 2008;
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(10) Any Virtus direct account held in the name of a qualified employee benefit plan, endowment fund or foundation if, on the date of the initial investment, the plan, fund or foundation has assets of  $10,000,000 or more or at least 100 eligible employees;
(11) Any person with a direct rollover transfer of shares from an established Virtus Mutual Fund or Virtus qualified plan;
(12) Any state, county, city, department, authority or similar agency prohibited by law from paying a sales charge;
(13) Any unallocated account held by a third party administrator, registered investment adviser, trust company, or bank trust department which exercises discretionary authority and holds the account in a fiduciary, agency, custodial or similar capacity, if in the aggregate such accounts held by such entity equal or exceed $1,000,000;
(14) Any deferred compensation plan established for the benefit of any trustee or director of Virtus, any Virtus Mutual Fund, or any open-or closed-end fund advised, subadvised or distributed by the Adviser, the Distributor or any of their corporate affiliates.
If you fall within any one of the following categories, you also will not have to pay a sales charge on your purchase of Class A Shares:
(15) Individuals purchasing through an account with an unaffiliated brokerage firm having an agreement with the Distributor to waive sales charges for its clients;
(16) Purchasers of Class A Shares bought through investment advisers and financial planners who charge an advisory, consulting or other fee for their services and buy shares for their own accounts or the accounts of their clients;
(17) Retirement plans and deferred compensation plans and trusts used to fund those plans (including, for example, certain plans qualified or created under Sections 401(a), 403(b) or 457 of the Code), and “rabbi trusts” that buy shares for their own accounts, in each case if those purchases are made through a broker or agent or other financial intermediary that has made special arrangements with the Distributor for such purchases; or
(18) Clients of investment advisors or financial planners who buy shares for their own accounts but only if their accounts are linked to a master account of their investment advisor or financial planner on the books and records of the broker, agent or financial intermediary with which the Distributor has made such special arrangements. Each of the investors described in (15) through (18) may be charged a fee by the broker, agent or financial intermediary for purchasing shares.
Combination Purchase Privilege
Your purchase of any class of shares of these Funds or any other Virtus Mutual Fund, if made at the same time by the same person, will be added together with any existing Virtus Mutual Fund account values to determine whether the combined sum entitles you to an immediate reduction in sales charges. A “person” is defined in this and the following sections as either:
(a) Any individual, his or her spouse or domestic partner, children and minor grandchildren purchasing shares for his, her or their own account (including an IRA account) including his, her or their own sole proprietorship or trust where any of the above is the named beneficiary;
(b) A trustee or other fiduciary purchasing for a single trust, estate or single fiduciary account (even though more than one beneficiary may exist);
(c) Multiple accounts (up to 200) under a qualified employee benefit plan or administered by a third party administrator; or
(d) Trust companies, bank trust departments, registered investment advisers, and similar entities placing orders or providing administrative services with respect to accounts over which they exercise discretionary investment authority and which are held in a fiduciary, agency, custodial or similar capacity, provided all shares are held of record in the name, or nominee name, of the entity placing the order.
Right of Accumulation
The value of your account(s) in any class of shares of these Funds or any other Virtus Mutual Fund may be added together at the time of each purchase to determine whether the combined sum entitles you to a prospective reduction in sales charges. You must provide certain account information to the Funds and their agents at the time of purchase to exercise this right.
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Gifting of Shares
If you make a gift of shares of a Virtus Mutual Fund, upon your request you may combine purchases, if made at the same time, of any class of shares of these Funds or any other Virtus Mutual Fund at the sales charge discount allowed for the combined purchase. The receiver of the gift may also be entitled to a prospective reduction in sales charges in accordance with the funds’ right of accumulation or other provisions. You or the receiver of the gift must provide certain account information to Virtus Mutual Funds or their agents at the time of purchase to exercise this right.
Associations
Certain groups or associations may be treated as a “person” and qualify for reduced Class A Share sales charges. The group or association must: (1) have been in existence for at least six months; (2) have a legitimate purpose other than to purchase mutual fund shares at a reduced sales charge; (3) work through an investment dealer; and (4) not be a group whose sole reason for existing is to consist of members who are credit card holders of a particular company, policyholders of an insurance company, customers of a bank or a broker-dealer or clients of an investment adviser.
Letter of Intent
If you sign a Letter of Intent, your purchase of any class of shares of these Funds or any other Virtus Mutual Fund, if made by the same person within a 13-month period, will be added together to determine whether you are entitled to an immediate reduction in sales charges. Sales charges are reduced based on the overall amount you indicate that you will buy under the Letter of Intent. The Letter of Intent is a mutually non-binding commitment. Since the Funds and their agents do not know whether you will ultimately fulfill the Letter of Intent, shares worth 5% of the Letter of Intent amount will be set aside until you fulfill the Letter of Intent. When you buy enough shares to fulfill the Letter of Intent, these shares will no longer be restricted. If, on the other hand, you do not satisfy the Letter of Intent, or otherwise wish to sell any restricted shares, you will be given the choice of either buying enough shares to fulfill the Letter of Intent or paying the difference between any sales charge you previously paid and the otherwise applicable sales charge. You will be given 20 days to make this decision. If you do not exercise either election, the Transfer Agent will automatically redeem the number of your restricted shares needed to make up the deficiency in sales charges received. The Transfer Agent will redeem restricted Class A Shares before Class C Shares or Class C1 Shares. Oldest shares will be redeemed before selling newer shares. Any remaining shares will then be deposited to your account.
Class A and Class C Shares — Waiver of Deferred Sales Charges
The CDSC is waived on the redemption (sale) of Class A Shares and Class C Shares if the redemption is made:
(a)
within one year of death;
(i)
of the sole shareholder on an individual account,
(ii)
of a joint tenant where the surviving joint tenant is the deceased’s spouse or domestic partner,
(iii)
of the beneficiary of a Uniform Gifts to Minors Act (UGMA), Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA) or other custodial account, or
(iv)
of the “grantor” on a trust account;
(b)
within one year of disability, as defined in Code Section 72(m)(7);
(c)
as a mandatory distribution upon reaching age 70½ under certain retirement plans qualified under Code Sections 401, 408 or 403(b) or resulting from the tax-free return of an excess contribution to an IRA;
(d)
by 401(k) plans using an approved participant tracking system for participant hardships, death, disability or normal retirement, and loans which are subsequently repaid;
(e)
based on the exercise of exchange privileges among Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class C1 Shares of these Funds or any other Virtus Mutual Fund;
(f)
based on any direct rollover transfer of shares from an established Virtus Mutual Fund qualified plan into a Virtus Mutual Fund IRA by participants terminating from the qualified plan; and
(g)
based on the systematic withdrawal program.
If, as described in condition (a) above, an account is transferred to an account registered in the name of a deceased’s estate, the CDSC will be waived on any redemption from the estate account occurring within one year of the death.
Class A Shares and Class C Shares — Variations and Waivers of Sales Charges
Class A Shares and Class C Shares purchased through specific intermediaries may be eligible for additional scheduled variations in, and eliminations of, Class A and Class C sales charges. Information about these variations and waivers is available from your financial intermediary and in Appendix A to the fund’s prospectus, entitled “Intermediary Sales Charge Discounts and Waivers.”
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How to Redeem Shares
Customer orders will be priced at the Funds’ NAVs next computed after they are received in good order by the Funds’ Transfer Agent, an authorized broker or the broker’s authorized designee.
Under the 1940 Act, payment for shares redeemed must ordinarily be made within seven days after tender. The right to redeem shares may be suspended and payment postponed during periods when the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings, or if permitted by rules of the SEC, during periods when trading on the NYSE is restricted or during any emergency which makes it impracticable for a Fund to dispose of its securities or to determine fairly the value of its net assets or during any other period permitted by order of the SEC for the protection of investors. Furthermore, the Transfer Agent will not mail redemption proceeds until checks received for shares purchased have cleared, which may take up to 15 days or more.
Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class I Shares Only
The Trust has authorized one or more brokers to receive on its behalf purchase and redemption orders. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to accept purchase and redemption orders on the Trust’s behalf. The Trust will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker’s authorized designee, accepts the order.
Redemptions by Class A and Class C shareholders will be subject to the applicable deferred sales charge, if any. A shareholder should contact his/her broker-dealer if he/she wishes to transfer shares from an existing broker-dealer street name account to a street name account with another broker-dealer. The Funds have no specific procedures governing such account transfers.
Class R6 Shares Only
If you are investing through a qualified retirement plan, bank or trust company, insurance company, registered investment company or non-qualified deferred compensation plan, your financial institution or financial intermediary will provide you with the information you need to redeem Class R6. If you are a qualified institutional investor holding Class R6 Shares, please refer to the instructions in the funds’ prospectus.
Class T Shares Only
Class T Shares are available only through financial intermediaries. Your financial intermediary will provide you with the information you need to sell Class T Shares.
Redemption of Small Accounts
Each shareholder account in the Funds which has been in existence for at least one year and which has a value of less than $200, due to redemption activity may be redeemed upon the giving of not less than 60 days written notice to the shareholder mailed to the account address of record. During the 60-day period following such notice, the shareholder has the right to add to the account to bring its value to $200 or more. (See the Funds’ current Prospectuses for more information.)
Redemptions by Mail
Shareholders may redeem shares by making written request, executed in the full name of the account, directly to Virtus Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 9874, Providence, RI 02940-8074. (See the Funds’ current Prospectuses for more information.)
Redemptions by Telephone
Generally, shareholders may redeem by telephone up to $50,000 worth of their shares held in book-entry form. (See the Funds’ current Prospectuses for more information.) Corporations that have completed a Corporate Authorized Trader form may redeem more than $50,000 worth of shares in most instances.
Redemptions by Check (Certain Fixed Income Funds only)
Any shareholder of a Fixed Income Fund may elect to redeem shares held in his account by check. Please call us at 800-243-1574 for a listing of funds offering this feature. Checks will be sent to an investor upon receipt by the Transfer Agent of a completed application and signature card (attached to the application). If the signature card accompanies an individual’s initial account application, the signature guarantee section of the form may be disregarded. However, the Trust reserves the right to require that all signatures be guaranteed prior to the establishment of a check writing service account. When an authorization form is submitted after receipt of the initial account application, all signatures must be guaranteed regardless of account value.
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Checks may be drawn payable to any person in an amount of not less than $250, provided that immediately after the payment of the redemption proceeds the balance in the shareholder’s account is $250 or more.
When a check is presented to the Transfer Agent for payment, a sufficient number of full and fractional shares in the shareholder’s account will be redeemed to cover the amount of the check. The number of shares to be redeemed will be determined on the date the check is received by the Transfer Agent. Presently there is no charge to the shareholder for the check writing service, but this may be changed or modified in the future upon two weeks written notice to shareholders. Checks drawn from Class A and Class C accounts are subject to the applicable deferred sales charge, if any.
The check writing procedure for redemption enables a shareholder to receive income accruing on the shares to be redeemed until such time as the check is presented to the Transfer Agent for payment. Inasmuch as canceled checks are returned to shareholders monthly, no confirmation statement is issued at the time of redemption.
Shareholders utilizing withdrawal checks will be subject to the Transfer Agent’s rules governing checking accounts. A shareholder should make sure that there are sufficient shares in his or her account to cover the amount of any check drawn. If insufficient shares are in the account and the check is presented to the Transfer Agent on a banking day on which the Trust does not redeem shares (for example, a day on which the NYSE is closed), or if the check is presented against redemption proceeds of an investment made by check which has not been in the account for at least fifteen calendar days, the check may be returned marked “Non-sufficient Funds” and no shares will be redeemed. A shareholder may not close his or her account by a withdrawal check because the exact value of the account will not be known until after the check is received by the Transfer Agent.
Redemptions in Kind
To the extent consistent with state and federal law, each Virtus Mutual Fund may make payment of the redemption price either in cash or in kind. However, the Funds have elected to pay in cash all requests for redemption by any shareholder of record, limited in respect to each shareholder during any 90-day period to the lesser of  $250,000 or 1% of the NAV of the Fund at the beginning of such period. This election has been made pursuant to Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act and is irrevocable while the Rule is in effect unless the SEC, by order, permits the withdrawal thereof. In case of a redemption in kind, securities delivered in payment for shares would generally represent the shareholder’s proportionate share of the Fund’s current net assets and be valued at the same value assigned to them in computing the NAV per share of the Fund. A shareholder receiving such securities would incur brokerage costs when selling the securities.
Account Reinstatement Privilege
Shareholders who may have overlooked features of their investment at the time they redeemed have a privilege of reinvestment of their investment at NAV. (See the Funds’ current Prospectuses for more information.)
Returned/Uncashed Checks Policy
For the protection of Fund shareholders, if you have elected to receive dividends and other distributions in cash, and the check is returned to the Fund as undeliverable or you do not respond to mailings from Virtus with regard to uncashed distribution checks, we may take any of the following actions:

The distribution option on your account(s) will be changed to reinvest and all subsequent payments will be reinvested in additional shares of the Fund.

Any systematic withdrawal plan will be stopped immediately.

If a check is not presented for payment within six months, the Fund reserves the right to reinvest the check proceeds.

If reinvested, distributions will be reinvested in the Fund at the earliest date practicable after the waiting period at the then-current NAV of such Fund.

No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed dividend, distribution or redemption checks.
This policy may not apply to certain retirement or qualified accounts, closed accounts or accounts under the applicable Fund’s required minimum threshold.
Reinvestment of future distributions will continue until you notify us of your election to reinstate cash payment of the dividends and other distributions. You will also be required to confirm your current address and daytime telephone number.
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Pricing of Shares
The NAV per share of each class of each Fund generally is determined as of the close of regular trading (normally 4:00 PM eastern time) on days when the NYSE is open for trading. A Fund will not calculate its NAV per share class on days when the NYSE is closed for trading.
The NYSE will be closed on the following observed national holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. Since the Funds do not price securities on weekends or United States national holidays, the NAV of a Fund’s foreign assets may be significantly affected on days when the investor may not be able to purchase or sell shares of the Funds. The NAV per share of a Fund is determined by adding the values of all securities and other assets of the Fund, subtracting liabilities, and dividing by the total number of outstanding shares of the Fund. Assets and liabilities are determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and applicable rules and regulations of the SEC. The total liability allocated to a class, plus that class’s distribution fee and any other expenses allocated solely to that class, are deducted from the proportionate interest of such class in the assets of the Fund, and the resulting amount of each is divided by the number of shares of that class outstanding to produce the NAV per share.
A security that is listed or traded on more than one exchange generally is valued at the official closing price on the exchange representing the principal exchange for such security. Because of the need to obtain prices as of the close of trading on various exchanges throughout the world, the calculation of NAV may not take place for any Fund which invests in foreign securities contemporaneously with the determination of the prices of the majority of the portfolio securities of such Fund. The foreign currency exchange rate used to price the currency in which foreign securities are denominated is generally the 4 p.m. Eastern Time spot rate. If at any time a Fund has investments where market quotations are not readily available or are determined not to be reliable indicators of the value of the securities priced, such investments are valued at the fair value thereof as determined in good faith in accordance with policies and procedures approved by the Board.
Security valuation procedures for each Fund, which include nightly price variance as well as back-testing such as bi-weekly unchanged price, monthly secondary source and transaction analysis, have been approved by the Board. All internally fair valued securities are approved by a valuation committee (the “Valuation Committee”) appointed by the Board. The Valuation Committee is comprised of the treasurer and assistant treasurer of the Trust, along with two appointees of the Adviser and two appointees of the Administrator who are identified to the Board. All internally fair valued securities, referred to below, are updated daily and reviewed in detail by the Valuation Committee monthly unless changes occur within the period. The Valuation Committee reviews the validity of any model inputs and any changes to the model when applicable. Internal fair valuations are reviewed by the Board at least quarterly.
Each Fund utilizes a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels.

Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical securities

Level 2 – prices determined using other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.)

Level 3 – prices determined using significant unobservable inputs (including the valuation committee’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments)
The inputs or methodologies used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in those securities.
A description of the valuation techniques applied to a Fund’s major categories of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis is as follows:
Equity securities are valued at the official closing price (typically last sale) on the exchange on which the securities are primarily traded, or if no closing price is available, at the last bid price and are categorized as Level 1 in the hierarchy. Restricted equity securities and private placements that are not widely traded, are illiquid or are internally fair valued by the valuation committee, are generally categorized as Level 3 in the hierarchy.
Certain non-U.S. securities may be fair valued in cases where closing prices are not readily available or are deemed not reflective of readily available market prices. For example, significant events (such as movement in the U.S. securities market, or other regional and local developments) may occur between the time that non-U.S. markets close (where the security is principally traded) and the time that a Fund calculates its NAV that may impact the value of securities traded in these non-U.S. markets. In such cases the Funds fair value non-U.S. securities using an independent pricing service which considers the correlation of the trading patterns of the non-U.S. security to the intraday trading in the U.S.
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markets for investments such as ADRs, financial futures, exchange traded funds, and certain indexes as well as prices for similar securities. Such fair valuations are categorized as Level 2 in the hierarchy. Because the frequency of significant events is not predictable, fair valuation of certain non-U.S. common stocks may occur on a frequent basis.
Debt securities, including restricted securities, are valued based on evaluated quotations received from independent pricing services or from dealers who make markets in such securities. For most bond types, the pricing service utilizes matrix pricing which considers one or more of the following factors: yield or price of bonds of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, current cash flows, type, and current day trade information, as well as dealer supplied prices. These valuations are generally categorized as Level 2 in the hierarchy. Structured debt instruments such as mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities may also incorporate collateral analysis and utilize cash flow models for valuation and are generally categorized as Level 2 in the hierarchy. Pricing services do not provide pricing for all securities and therefore indicative bids from dealers are utilized which are based on pricing models used by market makers in the security and are generally categorized as Level 2 in the hierarchy. Debt securities that are not widely traded, are illiquid, or are internally fair valued by the valuation committee are generally categorized as Level 3 in the hierarchy.
Listed derivatives that are actively traded are valued based on quoted prices from the exchange and are categorized as Level 1 in the hierarchy.
Over-the-counter (OTC) derivative contracts, which include forward currency contracts and equity linked instruments, do not require material subjectivity as pricing inputs are observed from actively quoted markets and are categorized as Level 2 in the hierarchy.
Investments in open-end mutual funds are valued at their closing NAV each business day and are categorized as Level 1 in the hierarchy.
Short-term notes having a remaining maturity of 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, which approximates market, and are generally categorized as Level 2 in the hierarchy.
INVESTOR ACCOUNT SERVICES AND POLICIES
The Funds offer accumulation plans, withdrawal plans and reinvestment and exchange privileges. Certain privileges may not be available in connection with all classes. In most cases, changes to account services may be accomplished over the phone. Inquiries regarding policies and procedures relating to shareholder account services should be directed to the Transfer Agent at 800.243.1574. Broker-dealers may impose their own restrictions and limits on accounts held through the broker-dealer. Please consult with your broker-dealer for account restrictions and limit information. The Funds and their agents reserve the right to modify or terminate these services upon reasonable notice.
Exchanges
Under certain circumstances, shares of any Virtus Mutual Fund may be exchanged for shares of the same class of another Virtus Mutual Fund on the basis of the relative NAVs per share at the time of the exchange. Class C Shares are also exchangeable for Class C1 Shares of those Virtus Mutual Funds offering them. Exchanges are subject to the minimum initial investment requirement of the designated Fund, except if made in connection with the Systematic Exchange privilege described below. Shareholders may exchange shares held in book-entry form for an equivalent number (value) of the same class of shares of any other Virtus Mutual Fund, if currently offered. Exchanges will be based upon each Fund’s NAV per share next computed following receipt of a properly executed exchange request without sales charge. For all Virtus fixed income funds and Virtus Rampart Sector Trend Fund, the CDSC is 0.50%; for all other Virtus Mutual Funds, the CDSC is 1.00%. On exchanges with share classes that carry a CDSC, the CDSC schedule of the original shares purchased continues to apply. The exchange of shares is treated as a sale and purchase for federal income tax purposes. (See also “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” in this SAI.) Exchange privileges may not be available for all Virtus Mutual Funds, and may be rejected or suspended.
In certain circumstances, a Fund, the Distributor or the Transfer Agent may enter into an agreement with a financial intermediary to permit exchanges from one class of a Fund into another class of the same Fund, subject to certain conditions. Such exchanges will only be permitted if, among other things, the financial intermediary agrees to follow procedures established by the Fund, the Distributor or the Transfer Agent, which generally will require that the exchanges be carried out (i) within accounts maintained and controlled by the intermediary, (ii) on behalf of all or a particular segment of beneficial owners holding shares of the affected Fund within those accounts, and (iii) all at once or within a given time period, or as agreed upon in writing by the Fund, the Distributor or the Transfer Agent, and the financial intermediary. Shareholders owning shares of a Fund through accounts established directly with the Transfer Agent (i.e., not using a financial intermediary) may be permitted to exchange shares of one class of the Fund into another class of the same Fund, at the discretion of the Fund or the Transfer Agent. A shareholder’s ability to make this
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type of exchange may be limited by operational or other limitations of his or her financial intermediary or the Fund. Under the Code, generally if a shareholder exchanges shares from one class of a Fund into another class of the same Fund, the transaction should not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes; however, each shareholder should consult both the relevant financial intermediary and the shareholder’s tax advisor regarding the treatment of any specific exchange carried out under the terms of this paragraph.
Systematic Exchanges
If the conditions above have been met, you or your broker may, by telephone or written notice, elect to have shares exchanged for the same class of shares of another Virtus Mutual Fund automatically on a monthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual basis or may cancel this privilege at any time. If you maintain an account balance of at least $5,000, or $2,000 for tax qualified retirement benefit plans (calculated on the basis of the NAV of the shares held in a single account), you may direct that shares be automatically exchanged at predetermined intervals for shares of the same class of another Virtus Mutual Fund. Systematic exchanges will be executed upon the close of business on the 10 th day of each month or the next succeeding business day. Exchanges will be based upon each Fund’s NAV per share next computed after the close of business on the 10 th day of each month (or next succeeding business day), without sales charge. Systematic exchange forms are available from the Transfer Agent.
Dividend Reinvestment Across Accounts
If you maintain an account balance of at least $5,000, or $2,000 for tax qualified retirement benefit plans (calculated on the basis of the NAV of the shares held in a single account), you may direct that any dividends and distributions paid with respect to shares in that account be automatically reinvested in a single account of one of the other Virtus Mutual Funds at NAV. You should obtain a current prospectus and consider the objectives and policies of each Virtus Mutual Fund carefully before directing dividends and distributions to another Virtus Mutual Fund. Reinvestment election forms and prospectuses are available from the Transfer Agent. Distributions may also be mailed to a second payee and/or address. Requests for directing distributions to an alternate payee must be made in writing with a signature guarantee of the registered owner(s). To be effective with respect to a particular dividend or distribution, notification of the new distribution option must be received by the Transfer Agent at least three days prior to the record date of such dividend or distribution. If all shares in your account are repurchased or redeemed or transferred between the record date and the payment date of a dividend or distribution, you will receive cash for the dividend or distribution regardless of the distribution option selected.
Invest-by-Phone
This expedited investment service allows a shareholder to make an investment in an account by requesting a transfer of funds from the balance of the shareholder’s bank account. Once a request is phoned in, the Transfer Agent or its subagent will initiate the transaction by wiring a request for monies to the shareholder’s commercial bank, savings bank or credit union via ACH. The shareholder’s bank, which must be an ACH member, will in turn forward the monies to the Transfer Agent or its subagent for credit to the shareholder’s account. ACH is a computer based clearing and settlement operation established for the exchange of electronic transactions among participating depository institutions.
To establish this service, please complete an Invest-by-Phone Application and attach a voided check if applicable. Upon acceptance of the authorization form (usually within two weeks) shareholders may call toll free 800.367.5877 prior to 3:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) to place their purchase request. Instructions as to the account number and amount to be invested must be communicated to the Transfer Agent. The Transfer Agent or its subagent will then contact the shareholder’s bank via ACH with appropriate instructions. The purchase is normally credited to the shareholder’s account the day following receipt of the verbal instructions. The Fund may delay the mailing of a check for redemption proceeds of Fund shares purchased with a check or via Invest-by-Phone service until the Fund has assured itself that good payment has been collected for the purchase of the shares, which may take up to 15 days. The Trust and the Transfer Agent reserve the right to modify or terminate the Invest-by-Phone service for any reason or to institute charges for maintaining an Invest-by-Phone account.
Systematic Withdrawal Program
The Systematic Withdrawal Program allows you to periodically redeem a portion of your account on a predetermined monthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual basis. A sufficient number of full and fractional shares will be redeemed so that the designated payment is made on or about the 20 th day of the month. Shares are tendered for redemption by the Transfer Agent, as agent for the shareowner, on or about the 15 th of the month at the closing NAV on the date of redemption. The Program also provides for redemptions with proceeds to be directed through ACH to your bank account. For ACH payments, you may select the day of the month for the payments to be made; if no date is specified,
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the payments will occur on the 15 th of the month. In addition to the limitations stated below, withdrawals may not be less than $25 and minimum account balance requirements shall continue to apply.
Shareholders participating in the Program must own shares of a Fund worth $5,000 or more, as determined by the then current NAV per share, and elect to have all dividends reinvested. The purchase of shares while participating in the Program will ordinarily be disadvantageous to the Class A Shares investor since a sales charge will be paid by the investor on the purchase of Class A Shares at the same time as other shares are being redeemed. For this reason, investors in Class A Shares may not participate in an automatic investment program while participating in the Program.
Through the Program, Class C shareholders may withdraw up to 1% of their aggregate net investments (purchases, at initial value, to date net of non-Program redemptions) each month or up to 3% of their aggregate net investments each quarter without incurring otherwise applicable CDSCs. Class C shareholders redeeming more shares than the percentage permitted by the Program will be subject to any applicable CDSC on all shares redeemed. Accordingly, the purchase of share classes on which a CDSC may be payable will generally not be suitable for an investor who anticipates withdrawing sums in excess of the above limits shortly after purchase.
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
Qualification as a Regulated Investment Company
Each Fund within the Trust is separate for investment and accounting purposes and is treated as a separate corporation for United States federal income tax purposes. Each Fund has elected to qualify and intends to qualify as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. In each taxable year that a Fund qualifies as a RIC and distributes to its shareholders as dividends (not including “capital gains dividends,” discussed below) at least 90% of its ordinary investment income and short-term capital gains, with certain modifications, it (but not its shareholders) will be relieved of United States federal income tax on that portion of its net investment income and net capital gains that are currently distributed (or deemed distributed) to its shareholders. To the extent that a Fund fails to distribute all of its taxable income, it will be subject to corporate income tax (currently at a maximum rate of 35%) on any retained ordinary investment income or short-term capital gains and undistributed long-term capital gains.
Each Fund intends to make timely distributions, if necessary, sufficient in amount to avoid the non-deductible 4% excise tax that is imposed on a RIC to the extent that it fails to distribute, with respect to each calendar year, at least 98% of its ordinary income (not including tax-exempt interest) for such calendar year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income as determined for a one-year period ending on October 31 of such calendar year (or as determined on a fiscal year basis if the Fund’s fiscal year ends on November 30 or December 31, if the Fund so elects). In addition, an amount equal to any undistributed investment company taxable income or capital gain net income from the previous calendar year must also be distributed to avoid the excise tax. The excise tax is imposed on the amount by which the RIC does not meet the foregoing distribution requirements. If a Fund has taxable income that would be subject to the excise tax, the Fund intends to distribute such income so as to avoid payment of the excise tax. Notwithstanding the foregoing, there may be certain circumstances under which it would be appropriate for a Fund to pay the excise tax.
Each Fund must satisfy the following tests each year in order to qualify as a RIC: (a) derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities and certain other investment income; and (b) meet specified diversification requirements at the end of each quarter of each taxable year. Each Fund intends to satisfy these requirements. With respect to the diversification requirement, each Fund must also diversify its holdings so that, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of cash, cash items, United States government securities and securities of other RICs, and other securities limited generally with respect to any one issuer to not more than 5% of the total assets of that Fund and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than United States government securities or the securities of other RICs). In addition, the Fund may not hold more than 25% of the securities (other than of other RICs) of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or 25% of the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. Each Fund intends to comply with all of the foregoing criteria for qualification as a RIC; however, there can be no assurance that each Fund will so qualify and continue to maintain its status as a RIC. If in any taxable year a Fund does not qualify as a RIC or fails to distribute at least 90% of the Fund’s investment company taxable income, all of its taxable income will be taxed at corporate rates, the Fund would not be entitled to deduct distributions to shareholders, and any capital gain dividend would not retain its character in the hands of the shareholder for tax purposes. The Code provides relief for certain de minimis failures to meet the asset or income tests or for certain failures due to reasonable cause. These relief provisions may prevent a Fund from being disqualified as a RIC and/or reduce the amount of tax on the Fund’s income as a result of the failure to meet certain tests.
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Taxation of Debt Securities
Certain debt securities can be originally issued or acquired at a discount. Special rules apply under the Code to the recognition of income with respect to such debt securities. Under the special rules, a Fund may recognize income for tax purposes without a corresponding current receipt of cash. In addition, gain on a disposition of a debt security subject to the special rules may be treated wholly or partially as ordinary income, not capital gain.
A Fund may invest in certain investments that may cause it to realize income prior to the receipt of cash distributions, including securities bearing original issue discount. The level of such investments is not expected to affect a Fund’s ability to distribute adequate income to qualify as a RIC.
Taxation of Derivatives and Foreign Currency Transactions
Many futures contracts and foreign currency contracts entered into by a Fund and all listed non-equity options written or purchased by a Fund (including options on debt securities, options on futures contracts, options on securities indices and options on broad-based stock indices) are governed by Section 1256 of the Code. Absent a tax election to the contrary, gain or loss attributable to the lapse, exercise or closing out of any such position is treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gain or loss, and on the last trading day of a Fund’s taxable year (and, generally on October 31 for purposes of the 4% excise tax), all outstanding Section 1256 positions are marked-to-market (i.e., treated as if such positions were closed out at their closing price on such day), and any resulting gain or loss is treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gain or loss. Under certain circumstances, entry into a futures contract to sell a security may constitute a short sale for United States federal income tax purposes, causing an adjustment in the holding period of the underlying security or a substantially identical security in a Fund’s portfolio.
Equity options written by a Fund (covered call options on portfolio stock) will be subject to the provisions under Section 1234 of the Code. If a Fund writes a call option, no gain is recognized upon its receipt of a premium. If such an option lapses or is closed out, any gain or loss is treated as a short-term capital gain or loss. If such an option is exercised, any resulting gain or loss is a short-term or long-term capital gain or loss depending on the holding period of the underlying stock.
Positions of a Fund which consist of at least one stock and at least one stock option or other position with respect to a related security which substantially diminishes the Fund’s risk of loss with respect to such stock could be treated as a “straddle” that is governed by Section 1092 of the Code, the operation of which may cause deferral of losses, adjustments in the holding periods of stock or securities and conversion of short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. An exception to these straddle rules exists for any “qualified covered call options” on stock options written by a Fund.
Positions of a Fund which consist of at least one debt security not governed by Section 1256 of the Code and at least one futures or currency contract or listed non-equity option governed by Section 1256 of the Code which substantially diminishes the Fund’s risk of loss with respect to such debt security are treated as a “mixed straddle.” Although mixed straddles are subject to the straddle rules of Section 1092 of the Code, certain tax elections exist for them that reduce or eliminate the operation of these rules. Each Fund will monitor these transactions and may make certain tax elections in order to mitigate the operation of these rules and prevent disqualification of the Fund as a RIC for United States federal income tax purposes.
Under the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates which occur between the time a Fund accrues interest or other receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time it actually collects such receivables or pays such liabilities generally are treated as ordinary income or loss. Similarly, on disposition of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency and on disposition of certain futures contracts, forward contracts and options, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the security or contract and the date of disposition also are treated as ordinary income or loss. Generally, these gains and losses, referred to under the Code as Section 988 gains or losses, may increase or decrease the amount of each Fund’s investment company taxable income to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income.
These special tax rules applicable to options, futures and currency transactions could affect the amount, timing and character of a Fund’s income or loss and hence of its distributions to shareholders by causing holding period adjustments, converting short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses, and accelerating a Fund’s income or deferring its losses.
The IRS has not provided guidance on the tax consequences of certain investments and other activities that the Funds may make or undertake. While the Funds will endeavor to treat the tax items arising from these transactions in a manner believed to be appropriate, guarantees cannot be given that the IRS or a court will concur with the Funds’ treatment and that adverse tax consequences will not ensue.
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Taxation of Foreign Investments
If a Fund invests in stock of certain passive foreign investment companies, the Fund may be subject to special United States federal income taxation rules applicable to any “excess distribution” with respect to such stock or gain from the disposition of such stock treated as an “excess distribution.” The tax would be determined by allocating such distribution or gain ratably to each day of the Fund’s holding period for the stock. The distributions or gain so allocated to any taxable year of the Fund, other than the taxable year of the excess distribution or disposition, would be taxed to the Fund at the highest ordinary income rate in effect for such year, and the tax would be further increased by an interest charge to reflect the value of the tax deferral deemed to have resulted from the ownership of the foreign company’s stock. Any amount of distribution or gain allocated to the taxable year of the distribution or disposition would be included in the Fund’s investment company taxable income and, accordingly, would not be taxable to the Fund to the extent distributed by the Fund as a dividend to its shareholders. The Fund may elect to mark-to-market (i.e., treat as if sold at their closing market price on the same day) its investments in certain passive foreign investment companies and avoid any tax and/or interest charge on excess distributions.
The Funds may be subject to tax on dividend or interest income received from securities of non-United States issuers withheld by a foreign country at the source. The United States has entered into tax treaties with many foreign countries that entitle a Fund to a reduced rate of tax or exemption from tax on income. It is impossible to determine the effective rate of foreign tax in advance since the amount of a Fund’s assets to be invested within various countries is not known. Each Fund intends to operate so as to qualify for tax treaty benefits where applicable. If more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year is comprised of stock or securities issued by foreign corporations, the Fund may elect to “pass through” to the Fund’s shareholders the amount of foreign income taxes paid by the Fund. If a Fund does elect to “pass through,” each shareholder will receive a written statement from the Fund identifying the amount of such shareholder’s pro rata share of  (i) the foreign taxes paid and (ii) the Fund’s gross income from foreign sources. In addition, if at least 50% of the value of a Fund’s assets at the close of each quarter of the tax year is represented by interests in other RICs, then such Fund may “pass through” foreign income taxes paid without regard to whether more than 50% of the Fund’s total assets at the close of the tax year consisted of stock and securities issued by foreign corporations. If a Fund passes through foreign taxes, each shareholder will be required to include the amount of such shareholder’s pro rata share of such taxes in gross income (in addition to dividends actually received), and the shareholder will be entitled to deduct such foreign taxes (if the shareholder itemizes deductions) in computing taxable income or claim a credit against U.S. federal income tax liability, subject to limitations.
Taxation of Distributions to Shareholders
Certain qualified dividend income and long-term capital gains are taxed at a lower federal income tax rate (maximum 20%) for individual shareholders. The reduced rate for qualified dividend income applies to dividends from domestic corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations subject to various requirements and a minimum holding period applicable to both a Fund and its shareholders. Ordinary distributions made by a Fund to its shareholders are eligible for the reduced rate to the extent the underlying income in the Fund is qualified dividend income. An additional 3.8% tax will generally apply to the lesser of  (i) an individual’s net investment income or (ii) the excess of modified adjusted gross income over $200,000 (in the case of single filers) or $250,000 (in the case of a joint return).
Distributions made by a Fund from ordinary investment income and net short-term capital gains will be taxed to such Fund’s shareholders as ordinary dividend income to the extent of the earnings and profits of the Fund. Ordinary income dividends received by corporate shareholders of a Fund will qualify for the 70% dividends-received deduction to the extent the Fund designates such amounts as qualifying dividend distributions; however, the portion that may be so designated is subject to certain limitations. Distributions by a Fund that are reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends in written statements furnished to its shareholders (e.g., Form 1099) will be taxed to the shareholders as long-term capital gain, and will not be eligible for the corporate dividends-received deduction.
Dividends declared by a Fund to shareholders of record in October, November or December will be taxable to such shareholders in the year that the dividend is declared, even if it is not paid until the following year (so long as it is actually paid by the Fund in January of such following year). Also, shareholders will be taxable on amounts reported by a Fund in written statements to shareholders as capital gain dividends, even if such amounts are not actually distributed to them. Shareholders will be entitled to claim a credit against their own United States federal income tax liability for taxes paid by each Fund on such undistributed capital gains, if any.
Dividends and capital gain distributions will be taxable to shareholders as described above whether received in cash or in shares under a Fund’s distribution reinvestment plan. With respect to distributions received in cash or reinvested in shares purchased on the open market, the amount of the distribution for tax purposes will be the amount of cash distributed or allocated to the shareholder.
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Shareholders should be aware that the price of shares of a Fund that are purchased prior to a dividend or distribution by the Fund may reflect the amount of the forthcoming dividend or distribution. Such dividend or distribution, when made, would be taxable to shareholders under the principles discussed above even though the dividend or distribution may reduce the NAV of shares below a shareholder’s cost and thus represent a return of a shareholder’s investment in an economic sense.
A high portfolio turnover rate may result in the realization of larger amounts of short-term gains, which are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
Each Fund intends to accrue dividend income for United States federal income tax purposes in accordance with the rules applicable to RICs. In some cases, these rules may have the effect of accelerating (in comparison to other recipients of the dividend) the time at which the dividend is taken into account by the Fund as taxable income.
Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors about their tax situations.
Income and capital gain distributions are determined in accordance with rules set forth in the Code and the Regulations that may differ from United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.
Sale or Exchange of Fund Shares
Gain or loss will be recognized by a shareholder upon the sale of his or her shares in a Fund or upon an exchange of his or her shares in a Fund for shares in another Fund. Provided that the shareholder is not a dealer in such shares, such gain or loss will generally be treated as capital gain or loss, measured by the difference between the adjusted basis of the shares and the amount realized from the sale. Under current law, capital gains (whether long-term or short-term) of individuals and corporations are fully includable in taxable income. Capital losses (whether long-term or short-term) may offset capital gains plus (for non-corporate taxpayers only) up to $3,000 per year of ordinary income.
Redemptions, including exchanges, of shares may give rise to recognized gains or losses. All or a portion of a loss realized upon the redemption, including exchanges, of shares may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent shares are purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested dividends) within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after such redemption. Any loss realized upon a shareholder’s sale, redemption or other disposition of shares with a tax holding period of six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividend distributed with respect to such shares. The “wash sale” restrictions also apply to an investor who holds a security both within a tax-deferred account and in a taxable account; sales and repurchases between two accounts will be considered as wash sales.
Under certain circumstances, the sales charge incurred in acquiring shares of a Fund may not be taken into account in determining the gain or loss on the disposition of those shares. This rule applies where shares of a Fund are disposed of within 90 days after the date on which they were acquired and new shares of a RIC are acquired without a sales charge or at a reduced sales charge prior to January 31 of the calendar year following the calendar year of the disposition. In that case, the gain or loss realized on the disposition will be determined by excluding from the tax basis of the shares disposed of all or a portion of the sales charge incurred in acquiring those shares. This exclusion applies to the extent that the otherwise applicable sales charge with respect to the newly acquired shares is reduced as a result of the shareholder having incurred a sales charge initially. The portion of the sales charge affected by this rule will be treated as a sales charge paid for the new shares.
For shares of a Fund acquired on or after January 1, 2012, each shareholder’s Form 1099 will report the cost basis of any such shares that were redeemed, sold, or exchanged during the year, and the form will report whether the gain or loss is treated as short-term or long-term. This information will be reported to the IRS. Each shareholder should inform the Fund of such shareholder’s cost selection for tax reporting purposes at the time of the sale or exchange of Fund shares or provide in advance a standing cost basis method for the shareholder’s account. If a shareholder does not provide cost basis instructions, the Fund’s default method will be used.
Tax Information Notices
Written notices will be sent to shareholders (by United States mail and/or electronic delivery, as applicable) regarding the tax status of all distributions made (or deemed to have been made) during each taxable year, including the amount of qualified dividend income for individuals, the amount qualifying for the corporate dividends-received deduction (if applicable) and the amount of capital gain dividends, undistributed capital gains (if any), tax credits (if applicable), and cumulative return of capital (if any).
Important Notice Regarding Taxpayer IRS Certification and Backup Withholding
Pursuant to the Code and Regulations, the Funds may be required to withhold a percentage of all reportable payments, including any taxable dividends, capital gains distributions or share redemption proceeds, at the specified rate in effect when such payments are made, for an account which does not have a taxpayer identification number and certain
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required certifications. The Funds reserve the right to refuse to open an account for any person failing to provide a taxpayer identification number along with the required certifications. The Funds will furnish shareholders, within 31 days after the end of the calendar year, with the information that is required by the IRS for preparing income tax returns. The Fund will also provide this same information to the IRS in the manner required by the IRS. Depending on your state of residence, the information may also be filed with your state taxing authority.
Some shareholders may be subject to withholding of United States federal income tax on dividends and redemption payments from the Funds (“backup withholding”) at the specified rate in effect when such payments are made. Corporate shareholders and certain other shareholders specified in the Code generally are exempt from such backup withholding. Generally, shareholders subject to backup withholding will be (i) those for whom a certified taxpayer identification number is not on file with the Fund, (ii) those about whom notification has been received (either by the shareholder or the Fund) from the IRS that they are subject to backup withholding or (iii) those who, to the Fund’s knowledge, have furnished an incorrect taxpayer identification number. Generally, to avoid backup withholding, a shareholder must, at the time an account is opened, certify under penalties of perjury that the social security number or taxpayer identification number furnished is correct and that he or she is not subject to backup withholding. From time to time, the shareholder may also be requested to provide certification of the validity of their taxpayer identification number.
Foreign Shareholders
Dividends paid by any of the Funds from net investment income and net realized short-term capital gains to a shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual, a foreign trust or estate, a foreign corporation or a foreign partnership (a “foreign shareholder”) will be subject to United States withholding tax at a rate of 30% unless a reduced rate of withholding or a withholding exemption is provided under an applicable tax treaty. Foreign shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors concerning the applicability of the United States withholding tax and any foreign taxes.
Other Tax Consequences
In addition to the United States federal income tax consequences described above, there may be other foreign, United States federal, state or local tax considerations and estate tax considerations applicable to the circumstances of a particular investor. The foregoing discussion is based upon the Code, judicial decisions and administrative regulations, rulings and practices in effect as of December 2016, all of which are subject to change and which, if changed, may be applied retroactively to a Fund, its shareholders and/or its assets. No rulings have been sought from the IRS or any other tax authority with respect to any of the tax matters discussed above.
From time to time, proposals are introduced before the United States Congress that if enacted would affect the foregoing discussion with respect to taxes and could also affect the availability of certain investments to a Fund.
The information included in the Prospectus with respect to taxes, including this section entitled Dividends, Distributions and Taxes, is a general and abbreviated summary of applicable provisions of the Code and Regulations as interpreted by the courts and the IRS as of December 2016 and is not intended as tax advice to any person. The Code and Regulations, as well as the current interpretations thereof, may be changed at any time by legislative, judicial, or administrative action. Accordingly, prospective purchasers are urged to consult their own tax advisors with specific reference to their own tax situations, including the potential application of United States federal, state, local and foreign tax laws.
Except as expressly set forth above, the foregoing discussion of United States federal income tax law relates solely to the application of that law to United States persons, i.e., United States citizens and residents and United States corporations, partnerships, trusts and estates. Each shareholder who is not a United States person should consider the United States and foreign tax consequences of ownership of shares of a Fund, including the possibility that such a shareholder may be subject to a United States withholding tax at a rate of 30% (or at a lower rate under an applicable tax treaty) on amounts constituting ordinary income received by him or her, where such amounts are treated as income from United States sources under the Code. The foregoing discussion does not address the special tax rules applicable to certain classes of investors, such as dealers in securities or currencies, traders in securities, banks, tax-exempt entities, life insurance companies, persons holding an interest in a Fund as a hedge or as part of a straddle or conversion transaction, or holders whose functional currency is not the United States dollar.
Tax Sheltered Retirement Plans
Shares of the Funds are offered in connection with the following retirement plans: IRA, Rollover IRA, SEP-IRA, SIMPLE IRA, Roth IRA, 401(k), Profit-Sharing, Money Purchase Pension Plans and certain 403(b) Retirement Plans. Write or call the Distributor at 800.243.4361 for further information about the plans.
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PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
Performance information for the Funds (and any class of the Funds) may be included in advertisements, sales literature or reports to shareholders or prospective investors. Performance information in advertisements and sales literature may be expressed as a yield of a class of shares and as a total return of a class of shares.
The Funds may from time to time include in advertisements containing total return the ranking of those performance figures relative to such figures for groups of mutual funds having similar investment objectives as categorized by ranking services such as Lipper Analytical Services, Inc., CDA Investment Technologies, Inc., Weisenberger Financial Services, Inc. and Morningstar, Inc. Additionally, each Fund may compare its performance results to other investment or savings vehicles (such as certificates of deposit) and may refer to results published in various publications such as Changing Times, Forbes, Fortune, Money, Barrons, Business Week and Investor’s Business Daily, Stanger’s Mutual Fund Monitor, The Stanger Register, Stanger’s Investment Adviser, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Consumer Reports, Registered Representative, Financial Planning, Financial Services Weekly, Financial World, U.S. News and World Report, Standard & Poor’s The Outlook and Personal Investor . The Funds may from time to time illustrate the benefits of tax deferral by comparing taxable investments to investments made through tax-deferred retirement plans. The total return may also be used to compare the performance of each Fund against certain widely acknowledged outside standards or indices for stock and bond market performance, such as the S&P 500 ® Index, Dow Jones Industrial Average, Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index, Dow Jones Wilshire Real Estate Securities Index (Full Cap), Russell Midcap ® Growth Index, MSCI EAFE ® (Europe Australasia Far East) Index, Consumer Price Index, Barclays Corporate Index, and the Barclays T-Bond Index.
Advertisements, sales literature and other communications may contain information about the Funds’ and their subadvisers’ current investment strategies and management style. Current strategies and style may change to allow the Funds to respond quickly to changing market and economic conditions. From time to time the Funds may include specific portfolio holdings or industries in such communications. To illustrate components of overall performance, each Fund may separate its cumulative and average annual returns into income and capital gains components.
Performance information reflects only the performance of a hypothetical investment in each class during the particular time period on which the calculations are based. Performance information should be considered in light of a Fund’s investment objectives and policies, characteristics and quality of the portfolio, and the market condition during the given time period, and should not be considered as a representation of what may be achieved in the future.
Total Return
Standardized quotations of average annual total return for each class of shares will be expressed in terms of the average annual compounded rate of return for a hypothetical investment in such class of shares over periods of 1, 5 and 10 years or up to the life of the class of shares, calculated for each class separately pursuant to the following formula: P((1+T)(n)) = ERV (where P = a hypothetical initial payment of  $1,000, T = the average annual total return, n = the number of years, and ERV = the ending redeemable value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of the period). All total return figures reflect the deduction of a proportional share of each class’s expenses (on an annual basis), deduction of the maximum initial sales load in the case of Class A Shares and the maximum CDSC applicable to a complete redemption of the investment in the case of Class C Shares, and assume that all dividends and distributions on each class of shares are reinvested when paid.
For average “after-tax” total return, the SEC rules mandate several assumptions, including that the calculations use the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates at the time of reinvestment, and that the calculations do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. These returns, for instance, assume that an investor has sufficient capital gains of the same character from other investments to offset any capital losses from the redemption. As a result, returns after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares may exceed returns after taxes on distributions (but before sale of Fund shares). These returns are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements.
The Funds may also compute cumulative total return for specified periods based on a hypothetical account with an assumed initial investment of  $10,000. The cumulative total return is determined by dividing the NAV of this account at the end of the specified period by the value of the initial investment and is expressed as a percentage. Calculation of cumulative total return reflects payment of the Class A Share’s maximum sales charge of 5.75% for the Funds and assumes reinvestment of all income dividends and capital gain distributions during the period.
The Funds also may quote annual, average annual and annualized total return and cumulative total return performance data, for any class of shares of the Funds, both as a percentage and as a dollar amount based on a hypothetical $10,000 investment for various periods other than those noted above. Such data will be computed as described above,
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except that (1) the rates of return calculated will not be average annual rates, but rather, actual annual, annualized or cumulative rates of return and (2) the maximum applicable sales charge will not be included with respect to annual, annualized or cumulative rate of return calculations.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The fiscal year of the Trust ends on September 30. The Trust will send financial statements to its shareholders at least semiannually. An annual report containing financial statements audited by the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm, _______________________, will be sent to shareholders each year and is available without charge upon request.
The Funds’ financial statements for the Trust’s fiscal period ended September 30, 2017, appearing in the Funds’ 2017 Annual Report to Shareholders, are incorporated herein by reference.
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APPENDIX A — DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
A-1 and P-1 Commercial Paper Ratings
The Trust will only invest in commercial paper which at the date of investment is rated A-1 by Standard & Poor’s Corporation or P-1 by Moody’s Investors Services, Inc. (Moody’s), or, if not rated, is issued or guaranteed by companies which at the date of investment have an outstanding debt issue rated AA or higher by Standard & Poor’s or Aa or higher by Moody’s.
Commercial paper rated A-1 by Standard & Poor’s Corporation (“S&P”) has the following characteristics: Liquidity ratios are adequate to meet cash requirements. Long-term senior debt is rated “A” or better. The issuer has access to at least two additional channels of borrowing. Basic earnings and cash flow have an upward trend with allowance made for unusual circumstances. Typically, the issuer’s industry is well established and the issuer has a strong position within the industry. The reliability and quality of management are unquestioned.
The rating P-1 is the highest commercial paper rating assigned by Moody’s. Among the factors considered by Moody’s in assigning ratings are the following: (1) evaluation of the management of the issuer; (2) economic evaluation of the issuer’s industry or industries and an appraisal of speculative-type risks which may be inherent in certain areas; (3) evaluation of the issuer’s products in relation to competition and customer acceptance; (4) liquidity; (5) amount and quality of long-term debt; (6) trend of earnings over a period of ten years; (7) financial strength of a parent company and the relationship which exists with the issuer; and (8) recognition by the management of obligations which may be present or may arise as a result of public interest questions and preparations to meet such obligations.
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.
Aaa — Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as "gilt-edge.” Interest payments are protected by a large or exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa — Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group, they comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuations of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
A — Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa — Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Moody’s also provides credit ratings for preferred stocks. Preferred stock occupies a junior position to bonds within a particular capital structure.
aaa — An issue which is rated “aaa” is considered to be a top-quality preferred stock. This rating indicates good asset protection and the least risk of dividend impairment within the universe of preferred stocks.
aa — An issue which is rated “aa” is considered a high-grade preferred stock. This rating indicates that there is a reasonable assurance that earnings and asset protection will remain relatively well maintained in the foreseeable future.
a — An issue which is rated “a” is considered to be an upper-medium grade preferred stock. While risks are judged to be somewhat greater than in the “aaa” and “aa” classifications, earnings and asset protections are, nevertheless, expected to be maintained at adequate levels.
baa — An issue which is rated “baa” is considered to be a medium grade preferred stock, neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Earnings and asset protection appear adequate at present but may be questionable over any great length of time.
Moody’s ratings for municipal notes and other short-term loans are designated Moody’s Investment Grade (MIG). This distinction is in recognition of the differences between short-term and long-term credit risk. Loans bearing the designation MIG 1 are of the best quality, enjoying strong protection by establishing cash flows of funds for their
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servicing or by established and broad-based access to the market for refinancing, or both. Loans bearing the designation MIG 2 are of high quality, with margins of protection ample although not so large as in the preceding group. A short term issue having a demand feature (i.e., payment relying on external liquidity and usually payable on demand rather than fixed maturity dates) is differentiated by Moody’s with the use of the Symbol VMIG, instead of MIG.
The Moody’s Prime-2 rating and above indicates a strong capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations.
Standard and Poor’s Corporation Corporate Bond Ratings
AAA — Bonds rated AAA have the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s Corporation. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AA — Bonds rated AA have a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and differ from AAA issues only in small degree.
A — Bonds rated A have a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal, although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than bonds in higher rated categories.
BBB — Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for bonds in this category than in higher rated categories.
S&P’s top ratings for municipal notes issued after July 29, 1984 are SP-1 and SP-2. The designation SP-1 indicates a very strong capacity to pay principal and interest. A “+” is added for those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics. An “SP-2” designation indicates a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest.
Commercial paper rated A-2 or better by S&P is described as having a very strong degree of safety regarding timeliness and capacity to repay. Additionally, as a precondition for receiving an S&P commercial paper rating, a bank credit line and/or liquid assets must be present to cover the amount of commercial paper outstanding at all times.
Fitch’s Corporate Bond Ratings
AAA — Bonds rated AAA are considered to be investment grade and of the highest credit quality. The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and repay principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events.
AA — Bonds rated AA are considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is very strong, although not quite as strong as bonds rated AAA. Because bonds rated in the AAA and AA categories are not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable future developments, short-term debt of these issuers is generally rated F-1+.
A— Bonds rated A are considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances than bonds with higher ratings.
BBB — Bonds rated BBB are considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are more likely to have an adverse impact on these bonds and, therefore, impair timely payment. The likelihood that the ratings of these bonds will fall below investment grade is higher than for bonds with higher ratings.
BB — Bonds rated BB are considered speculative. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal may be affected over time by adverse economic changes. However, business and financial alternatives can be identified which could assist the obligor in satisfying its debt service requirements.
B — Bonds rated B are considered highly speculative. While bonds in this class are currently meeting debt service requirements, the probability of continued timely payment of principal and interest reflects the obligor’s limited margin of safety and the need for reasonable business and economic activity throughout the life of the issue.
CCC — Bonds rated CCC have certain identifiable characteristics, which, if not remedied, may lead to default. The ability to meet obligations requires an advantageous business and economic environment.
CC — Bonds rated CC are minimally protected. Default in payment of interest and/or principal seems probable over time.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DDD, DD and D — Bonds rated DDD, DD and D are in actual default of interest and/or principal payments. Such bonds are extremely speculative and should be valued on the basis of their ultimate recovery value in liquidation or reorganization of the obligor. DDD represents the highest potential for recovery on these bonds and D represents the lowest potential for recovery.
Plus (+) and minus (–) signs are used with a rating symbol to indicate the relative position of a credit within the rating categories.
A-3

 

 

 

 

APPENDIX B — CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

 

The following table sets forth information as of [         ], 2018, with respect to each person who owns of record or is known by the Trust to own of record or beneficially own 5% or more of any class of any Fund’s outstanding securities and the name of each person who has beneficial ownership, either directly or through one or more controlled companies, of more than 25% of the voting securities of a Fund, as noted below.

 

*These entities are omnibus accounts for many individual shareholder accounts. The Funds are not aware of the size or identity of the underlying individual accounts.

 

[To be filed by amendment]

 

 

  B- 1  

 

 

 

VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST

 

PART C — OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 28. Exhibits

 

(a) Agreement and Declaration of Trust.

 

1. Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Registrant, dated August 17, 2000, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit a) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 69 (File No. 002-16590) on October 30, 2000, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

2. Amendment to the Declaration of Trust of the Registrant, dated November 16, 2006, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit a.2) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 85 (File No. 002-16590) on October 25, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

3. Second Amendment to the Declaration of Trust of the Registrant, dated August 20, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit a.3) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 106 (File No. 002-16590) on July 20, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

4. Third Amendment to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Registrant, dated November 17, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit a.4) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 110 (File No. 002-16590) on April 10, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

5. Fourth Amendment to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Registrant, dated June 2, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit a.5) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 (File No. 002-16590) on July 26, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(b) Bylaws.

 

1. Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant dated November 16, 2005, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit b.1) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 84 (File No. 002-16590) on October 27, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

2. Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant, dated August 23, 2006, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit b.2) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 84 (File No. 002-16590) on October 27, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

3. Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant, dated November 17, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit b.3) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 (File No. 002-16590) on July 27, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(c) See Articles III, V and VI of Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust and Articles II, VII and VIII of Registrant’s By-Laws, each as amended.

 

(d) Investment Advisory Contracts.

 

1. Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and Virtus Investment Advisors, Inc. (“VIA”) effective November 20, 2002, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.i) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 (File No. 002-16590) on October 28, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

a) First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA, made as of October 21, 2004, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.ii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 79 (File No. 002-16590) on October 21, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

b) Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA dated July 29, 2005, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.iii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 83 (File No. 002-16590) on October 25, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

c) Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA dated July 13, 2007, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.iv) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 85 (File No. 002-16590) on October 25, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

d) Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA dated March 10, 2008, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.v) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 (File No. 002-16590) on June 6, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

e) Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA dated June 22, 2009, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.vi) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 (File No. 002-16590) on June 22, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

 

  

f) Sixth Amendment to Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA effective January 1, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.vii) with the Registration Statement (File No. 333-165702) on Form N-14 on March 25, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

g) Seventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA effective June 25, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.viii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 (File No. 002-16590) on July 28, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

h) *Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA effective May 8, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.h) herewith.

 

i) Ninth Amendment to Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA effective March [ ], 2017, to be filed by amendment.

 

2. Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Kayne Anderson Rudnick Investment Management, LLC (“Kayne Anderson Rudnick”) dated March 10, 2008, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.4.a) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 (File No. 002-16590) on June 6, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

a) First Amendment to Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Kayne Anderson Rudnick dated June 22, 2009, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.4.b) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 (File No. 002-16590) on June 22, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

b) Second Amendment to Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Kayne Anderson Rudnick dated September 1, 2009, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.4.c) with the Registration Statement (File No. 333-163916) on Form N-14 on December 22, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

c) Third Amendment to Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Kayne Anderson Rudnick dated January 1, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.4.d) with the Registration Statement (File No. 333-165702) on Form N-14 on March 25, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

d) Fourth Amendment to Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Kayne Anderson Rudnick dated September 30, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.4.e) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 (File No. 002-16590) on July 27, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

3. Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Kayne Anderson Rudnick dated February 22, 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.4.f) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 (File No. 002-16590) on July 27, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

4. Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Kayne Anderson Rudnick dated November 2, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.4) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 110 (File No. 002-16590) on April 10, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference .

 

5. Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Kayne Anderson Rudnick dated March [ ], 2017, to be filed by amendment.

 

6. Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Newfleet Asset Management, LLC (formerly SCM Advisors, LLC) (“Newfleet”) dated June 8, 2009, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.5.a) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 (File No. 002-16590) on June 22, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

a) First Amendment to Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Newfleet dated January 1, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.5.b) with the Registration Statement (File No. 333-165702) on Form N-14 on March 25, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

7. Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Sasco Capital, Inc. (“Sasco”) dated October 21, 2004, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.2.a) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 79 (File No. 002-16590) on October 21, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

a) First Amendment to Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Sasco, dated September 1, 2006, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.2.b) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 84 (File No. 002-16590) on October 27, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

b) Second Amendment to Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Sasco dated January 1, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.2.c) with the Registration Statement (File No. 333-165702) on Form N-14 on March 25, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

8. Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Rampart Investment Management Company, LLC (“Rampart”) dated December 8, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.7) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 (File No. 002-16590) on July 28, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

 

 

9. Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Duff & Phelps Investment Management Co. (“Duff & Phelps”) dated November 2, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.8) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 110 (File No. 002-16590) on April 10, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(e) Underwriting Agreement

 

1. Underwriting Agreement between Registrant and VP Distributors, LLC (“VP Distributors”), made as of November 19, 1997, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit 6.1) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 (File No. 002-16590) on October 6, 1998, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

2. Form of Sales Agreement between VP Distributors and dealers, effective January 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit e.2) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to the Registration Statement of Virtus Retirement Trust (“VRT”; formerly known as Virtus Institutional Trust) (File No. 033-80057) on January 8, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

a) *Amended Annex A to Form of Sales Agreement between VP Distributors and dealers effective September 2017 filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit e.2.a) herewith .

 

(f) Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Program, effective February 9, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit f) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement of Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (“VAST”) on April 10, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(g) Custodian Agreement

 

1. Custody Agreement between VAST and The Bank of New York Mellon dated March 21, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.1) with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement of VAST on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

a) Amendment to Custody Agreement between VAST and The Bank of New York Mellon dated as of August 19, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.1.a) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement of VAST on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.

  

b) Amendment to Custody Agreement between VAST and The Bank of New York Mellon effective May 19, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.1.b) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement of VAST on May 29, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

c) Amendment to Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated as of September 1, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.1.c) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 24 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement of VAST on February 26, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

d) *Joinder Agreement and Amendment to Custody Agreement between VAST, Virtus Equity Trust (“VET”) and Virtus Opportunities Trust (“VOT”) (collectively, “Virtus Mutual Funds”), Virtus Asset Trust (“VAT”), VRT, Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (“VVIT”) and The Bank of New York Mellon dated September 11, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.1.d) herewith.

 

(h) Other Material Contracts

 

1. Amended and Restated Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services, LLC (“Virtus Fund Services”)) dated January 1, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.6) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to the Registration Statement of Virtus Insight Trust (“VIT”) (File No. 033-64915) on February 25, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

a) Amendment to Amended and Restated Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) effective as of April 14, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.8) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 51 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

b) Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Transfer Agent and Service Agreement between the Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) effective as of March 15, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.16), with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

c) Corrected Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Transfer Agent and Service Agreement between the Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and Virtus Fund Services, LLC, effective as of January 1, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.1.c) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (File No. 002-16590) on July 28, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

 

 

d) Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of January 1, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.1.d) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (File No. 002-16590) on July 28, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

e) Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of January 8, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.1.e) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to the Registration Statement of VRT (File No. 033-80057) on January 8, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

f) Sixth Amendment to Amended and Restated Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, VAT and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of June 12, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.1.f) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 to the Registration Statement of VAT (File No. 333-08045) on June 22, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

2. Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (“BNY Mellon”), dated April 15, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.6) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 27, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

a) Adoption and Amendment Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAST, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of March 21, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.b) with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 4 to VAST’s Registration Statement (File No. 333-191940) on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

b) Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAST, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of March 21, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.a) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to VAST’s Registration Statement (File No. 333-191940) on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

c) Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among VAST, Virtus Mutual Funds, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon dated as of June 1, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.c) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 to the Registration Statement of VOT (033-65137) on January 20, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

d) Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAST, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of November 12, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.c) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 80 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on January 22, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

e) Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAST, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of May 28, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.d) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 18 to VAST’s Registration Statement (File No. 333-191940) on June 5, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

f) Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAST, VRT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of December 10, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.e) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to the Registration Statement of VRT (File No. 033-80057) on January 8, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

g) Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAST, VRT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of February 1, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.g) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 (File No. 002-16590) on July 26, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

h) *Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAST, VRT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of February 1, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.h) herewith.

 

i) *Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAT, VAST, VRT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of September 18, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.i) herewith.

 

j) *Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAT, VAST, VRT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of January 1, 2018, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.j) herewith.

 

3. Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services), effective as of January 1, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on February 25, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

 

  

a) First Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) effective as of April 14, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.8) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

b) Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services), effective as of June 30, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.9) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

c) Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services), effective as of September 14, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.10), with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

d) Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) effective as of January 1, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.11), with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

e) Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) effective as of March 15, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.12), with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

f) Sixth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services), effective as of August 28, 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.f) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 29, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

g) Seventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services), effective as of December 18, 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.g) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 29, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

h) Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of June 10, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.h), with Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on June 10, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

i) Ninth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of December 18, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.i), with Post-Effective Amendment No. 70 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on January 27, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

j) Tenth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of November 13, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.j) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on November 12, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

k) Eleventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of January 1, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.k) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 80 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on January 27, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

l) Twelfth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of March 19, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.l) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 82 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on March 13, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

m) Thirteenth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of January 8, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.m) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to the Registration Statement of VRT (File No. 033-80057) on January 8, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

 

 

n) Fourteenth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of December 1, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.n) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 to the Registration Statement of VOT (033-65137) on January 20, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

o) Fifteenth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, VAT and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of June 12, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.o) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 to the Registration Statement of VAT (File No. 333-08045) on June 22, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

4. Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, effective as of January 1, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.5) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on February 25, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

a) First Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, effective as of June 30, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.13) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

b) Second Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, effective as of September 14, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.14) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

c) Third Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, effective as of March 15, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.15) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

d) Fourth Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, effective as of August 28, 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.d) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 29, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

e) Fifth Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, effective as of December 18, 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.e) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 29, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

f) Sixth Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, effective as of June 10, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.f) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on June 10, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

g) Seventh Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, effective as of December 18, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.g) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 70 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on January 27, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

h) Joinder Agreement and Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAST, VVIT, VATS Offshore Fund, Ltd. (“VATS”), Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated February 24, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.h) with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3 to VAST’s Registration Statement (File No. 333-191940) on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

i) Joinder Agreement to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, VVIT, VAST, VATS, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated December 10, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.i) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to the Registration Statement of VRT (File No. 033-80057) on January 8, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

j) Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VVIT, VRT, VAST, VATS, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon dated July 27, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.j) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement of VAST on April 10, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

 

  

k) Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VVIT, VRT, VAST, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon dated April, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.k) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 (File No. 002-16590) on July 26, 2017 , and incorporated herein by reference.

 

l) *Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VVIT, VRT, VAST, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon dated September 21, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.l) herewith.

 

5. *Revised Fifteenth Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement between Registrant and VIA effective July 31, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.5) herewith.

 

6. Sixteenth Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement between Registrant and VIA effective March [ ], 2017, to be filed by amendment.

  

7. Amended and Restated Fee Waiver Agreement between Registrant and VP Distributors effective as of June 30, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.6) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 (File No. 002-16590) on July 27, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

8. Fee Waiver Agreement between Registrant and VIA effective as of October 26, 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.8) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 97 (File No. 002-16590) on July 26, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

9. Form of Indemnification Agreement with each trustee of Registrant, effective as of October 24, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.9) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 (File No. 033-65137) to the Registration Statement of VOT on January 20, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

a) Form of Joinder Agreement and Amendment to the Indemnification Agreement with George R. Aylward, Philip R. McLoughlin, Geraldine M. McNamara, James M. Oates, Richard E. Segerson and Ferdinand L.J. Verdonck, effective as of January 18, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.7.a) to the Registration Statement of VAT on June 22, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

b) Form of Joinder Agreement and Amendment to the Indemnification Agreement with Thomas J. Brown, Donald C. Burke, Roger A. Gelfenbien, John R. Mallin, and Hassell H. McClellan, effective as of February 27, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.7.b) to the Registration Statement of VAT on June 22, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

10. Form of Indemnification Agreement with Sidney E. Harris and Connie D. McDaniel, effective as of July 17, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.9) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 (File No. 002-16590) on July 26, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

  

(i) Legal Opinion

 

1. Opinion as to legality of the shares filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit i.1) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 (File No. 002-16590) on November 12, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

2. Opinion of Counsel as to legality of shares dated October 24, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit i.2) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 108 (File No. 002-16590) on November 1, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

3. Opinion of Counsel as to legality of the shares dated April 5, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit i.3) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 110 (File No. 002-16590) on April 10, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

4. Opinion of Counsel as to legality of the shares dated March [___], 2017, to be filed by amendment.

 

5. Consent of Sullivan & Worcester LLP to be filed by amendment.

 

(j) Other Opinions

 

1. Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, to be filed by amendment.

 

 

 

 

(k) Not applicable.

 

(l) Not applicable.

 

(m) Rule 12b-1 Plans

 

1. Class A Shares Amended and Restated Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), effective March 1, 2007, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.1) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 85 (File No. 002-16590) on October 25, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

a) Amendment No. 1 to Class A Shares Amended and Restated Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act effective March 10, 2008, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.4) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 88 (File No. 002-16590) on March 10, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

b) Amendment No. 2 to Class A Shares Amended and Restated Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act dated June 22, 2009, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.7) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 (File No. 002-16590) on June 22, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

2. Class B Shares Amended and Restated Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act effective March 1, 2007, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.3) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 88 (File No. 002-16590) on March 10, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

a) Amendment No. 1 to Class B Shares Amended and Restated Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act effective March 10, 2008, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.5) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 88 (File No. 002-16590) on March 10, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

3. Class C Shares Amended and Restated Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act effective March 1, 2007, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.2) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 85 (File No. 002-16590) on October 25, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

a) Amendment No. 1 to Class C Shares Amended and Restated Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act effective March 10, 2008, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.6) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 88 (File No. 002-16590) on March 10, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

b) Amendment No. 2 to Class C Shares Amended and Restated Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act effective June 22, 2009, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.8) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 (File No. 002-16590) on June 22, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

4. Class T Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.4) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 110 (File No. 002-16590) on April 10, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(n) Rule 18f-3 Plan

 

1. *Amended and Restated Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 effective as of August 10, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit n) herewith.

 

2. Amended and Restated Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 effective March [ ], 2017, to be filed by amendment.

  

(o) Reserved

 

(p) Codes of Ethics

 

1. *Amended and Restated Code of Ethics of the Virtus Funds effective October 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.1) herewith.

 

2. *Amended and Restated Code of Ethics of VIA, VP Distributors and other Virtus Affiliates (including Duff & Phelps, Kayne Anderson Rudnick, Newfleet and Rampart) dated October 1, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.2) herewith.

 

3. Code of Ethics of Sasco filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.3) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 (File No. 002-16590) on July 27, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

(q) Powers of Attorney

 

1. Power of Attorney for Trustees George R. Aylward, Leroy Keith, Jr., Philip R. McLoughlin, Geraldine M. McNamara, James M. Oates, Richard E. Segerson and Ferdinand L.J. Verdonck, dated June 2, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit q) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 (File No. 002-16590) on July 28, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

 

2. Power of Attorney for Trustee Hassell H. McClellan, dated January 21, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit r) with VOT’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 82 (File 033-65137) on March 13, 2015, and incorporated by reference.

 

3. Power of Attorney for Trustees Thomas J. Brown, Donald C. Burke, Roger A. Gelfenbien and John R. Mallin, dated June 30, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit q.3) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 87 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on July 8, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

4. Power of Attorney for Trustees Sidney E. Harris and Connie D. McDaniel dated June 26, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit q.4) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 (File No. 002-16590) on July 26, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

________________________

* Filed herewith

 

Item 29. Persons Controlled By or Under Common Control with the Fund

 

None.

 

Item 30. Indemnification

 

The indemnification of Registrant’s principal underwriter against certain losses is provided for in Section 16 of the Underwriting Agreement incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit e.1. Indemnification of Registrant’s Custodian is provided for in section 7, among others, of the Master Global Custody Agreement incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit g.1. The indemnification of Registrant’s Transfer Agent is provided for in Article 6 of the Amended and Restated Transfer Agency and Service Agreement incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit h.1. The Trust has entered into Indemnification Agreements with each trustee, the form of which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit h.8, whereby the Registrant shall indemnify the trustee for expenses incurred in any proceeding in connection with the trustee’s service to the Registrant subject to certain limited exceptions.

 

In addition, Article VII sections 2 and 3 of the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust incorporated herein by reference to Exhibits a.1-4, provides in relevant part as follows:

 

“A Trustee, when acting in such capacity, shall not be personally liable to any Person, other than the Trust or a Shareholder to the extent provided in this Article VII, for any act, omission or obligation of the Trust, of such Trustee or of any other Trustee. The Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any neglect or wrongdoing of any officer, agent, employee, Manager or Principal Underwriter of the Trust. The Trust (i) may indemnify an agent of the Trust or any Person who is serving or has served at the Trust’s request as an agent of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise and (ii) shall indemnify each Person who is, or has been, a Trustee, officer or employee of the Trust and any Person who is serving or has served at the Trust’s request as a director, officer, trustee, or employee of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise, in the case of (i) and (ii), to the fullest extent consistent with the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and in the manner provided in the By-Laws; provided that such indemnification shall not be available to any of the foregoing Persons in connection with a claim, suit or other proceeding by any such Person against the Trust or a Series (or Class) thereof.

 

All persons extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim against the Trust or the Trustees shall look only to the assets of the appropriate Series (or Class thereof if the Trustees have included a Class limitation on liability in the agreement with such person as provided below), or, if the Trustees have yet to establish Series, of the Trust for payment under such credit, contract or claim; and neither the Trustees nor the Shareholders, nor any of the Trust’s officers, employees or agents, whether past, present or future, shall be personally liable therefor.

 

Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and every other act or thing whatsoever executed or done by or on behalf of the Trust or the Trustees by any of them in connection with the Trust shall conclusively be deemed to have been executed or done only in or with respect to his or their capacity as Trustee or Trustees, and such Trustee or Trustees shall not be personally liable thereon. …

 

… A Trustee shall be liable to the Trust and to any Shareholder solely for her or his own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. The Trustees may take advice of counsel or other experts with respect to the meaning and operation of this Declaration of Trust, and shall be under no liability for any act or omission in accordance with such advice nor for failing to follow such advice.”

 

 

 

 

 

In addition, Article III section 7 of such Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides for the indemnification of shareholders of the Registrant as follows: “If any Shareholder or former Shareholder shall be exposed to liability by reason of a claim or demand relating to such Person being or having been a Shareholder, and not because of such Person's acts or omissions, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or such Person's heirs, executors, administrators, or other legal representatives or in the case of a corporation or other entity, its corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled to be held harmless from and indemnified out of the assets of the Trust against all cost and expense reasonably incurred in connection with such claim or demand, but only out of the assets held with respect to the particular Series of Shares of which such Person is or was a Shareholder and from or in relation to which such liability arose. The Trust may, at its option and shall, upon request by the Shareholder, assume the defense of any claim made against the Shareholder for any act or obligation of the Trust and satisfy any judgment thereon from the assets held with respect to the particular series.”

 

Article VI Section 2 of the Registrant’s Bylaws incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit B.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 27, 2006, provides in relevant part, subject to certain exceptions and limitations, “every agent shall be indemnified by the Trust to the fullest extent permitted by law against all liabilities and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him or her in connection with any proceeding in which he or she becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his or her being or having been an agent.” Such indemnification would not apply in the case of any liability to which the Registrant would otherwise be subject by reason of or for willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of such person’s duties.

 

The Investment Advisory Agreement, Subadvisory Agreements, Master Global Custody Agreement, Sub-Administration Agreement and Sub-Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, each as amended, respectively provide that the Registrant will indemnify the other party (or parties, as the case may be) to the agreement for certain losses. Similar indemnities to those listed above may appear in other agreements to which the Registrant is a party.

 

The Registrant, in conjunction with VIA, the Registrant’s Trustees, and other registered investment management companies managed by VIA, maintains insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a Trustee, officer, employee, or agent of the Registrant, or who is or was serving at the request of the Registrant as a trustee, director, officer, employee or agent of another trust or corporation, against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by him or arising out of his position. However, in no event will Registrant maintain insurance to indemnify any such person for any act for which the Registrant itself is not permitted to indemnify him.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser and Subadvisers

 

See “Management of the Funds” in the Prospectus and “Investment Advisory and Other Services” and “Management of the Trust” in the Statement of Additional Information which is included in this Post-Effective Amendment. For information as to the business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature of directors and officers of the Adviser and Subadvisers, reference is made to the Adviser’s and each Subadviser’s current Form ADV filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and incorporated herein by reference.

 

Adviser SEC File No.:
VIA 801-5995
Duff & Phelps 801-14813
Kayne Anderson Rudnick 801-24241
Newfleet 801-51559
Rampart 028-16791
Sasco 801-25958

 

 

 

 

 

Item 32. Principal Underwriter

 

(a) VP Distributors, LLC serves as the principal underwriter for the following registrants: Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, Virtus Asset Trust, Virtus Equity Trust, Virtus Opportunities Trust, Virtus Variable Insurance Trust and Virtus Retirement Trust.

 

(b) Directors and executive officers of VP Distributors, 100 Pearl Street, Hartford, CT 06103 are as follows:

 

Name and Principal Business Address

Positions and Offices with Distributor

Positions and Offices

with Registrant

     
George R. Aylward Executive Vice President

President and Trustee

 

Kevin J. Carr Vice President, Counsel and Secretary

Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, Counsel and Secretary

 

Nancy J. Engberg Senior Vice President and Assistant Secretary

Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer

 

David Hanley Senior Vice President and Treasurer

None

 

David C. Martin Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer

None

 

Barry Mandinach President

None

 

Francis G. Waltman Executive Vice President Executive Vice President

 

(c) To the best of the Registrant’s knowledge, no commissions or other compensation was received by any principal underwriter who is not an affiliated person of the Registrant or an affiliated person of such affiliated person, directly or indirectly, from the Registrant during the Registrant’s last fiscal year.

 

Item  33. Location of Accounts and Records

 

Persons maintaining physical possession of accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act and the Rules promulgated thereunder include:

 

   
Secretary of the Trust: Principal Underwriter:

Kevin J. Carr, Esq.

100 Pearl Street

Hartford, CT 06103

VP Distributors, LLC

100 Pearl Street

Hartford, CT 06103

   
Investment Adviser: Custodian:

Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc.

100 Pearl Street

Hartford, CT 06103

The Bank of New York Mellon

One Wall Street

New York, NY 10286

   

Fund Accountant, Sub-Administrator, Sub-Transfer

Agent and Dividend Dispersing Agent:

Administrator and Transfer Agent:

BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc.

301 Bellevue Parkway

Wilmington, DE 19809

Virtus Fund Services, LLC

100 Pearl Street

Hartford, CT 06103

 

 

 

   
Subadviser to: Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund  and Tactical Allocation Fund Subadviser to: Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund and Tactical Allocation Fund

Newfleet Asset Management, LLC

100 Pearl Street

Hartford, CT 06103

Duff & Phelps Investment Management Co.

200 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 500

Chicago, IL 60606 

   

Subadviser to: Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund

 

Subadviser to: Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund, Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund, Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund (, Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund, Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund, Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund, Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund, Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund  and Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund

Rampart Investment Management Company, LLC

One International Place, 14 th Floor

Boston, MA 02110 

Kayne Anderson Rudnick Investment Management, LLC

1800 Avenue of the Stars, 2 nd Floor

Los Angeles, CA 90067

   
Subadviser to: Virtus Contrarian Value Fund  

Sasco Capital, Inc.

10 Sasco Hill Road

Fairfield, CT 06824

 

 

Item  34. Management Services

 

Not applicable.

 

Item  35. Undertakings

 

Not applicable.

 

 

 

 

 

PART C — OTHER INFORMATION

 

Exhibit List

 

d.1.h Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement
e.2.a Amended Annex A to Form of Sales Agreement
g.1.d Joinder Agreement and Amendment to Custody Agreement
h.2.h Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement
h.2.i Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement
h.2.j Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement
h.4.l Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement
h.5 Revised Fifteenth Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement
n.1 Amended and Restated Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3
p.1 Amended and Restated Code of Ethics of the Virtus Funds
p.2 Amended and Restated Code of Ethics of VIA, VP Distributors and other Virtus Affiliates

 

 

 

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Hartford and the State of Connecticut on the 21 st day of December, 2017.

 

 

VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST  
     
By: /s/ George R. Aylward  
  George R. Aylward  
  President  

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this amendment to the registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated on the 21 st day of December, 2017.

 

Signature

 

Title

 

 
       
/s/ George R. Aylward  

 

 

George R. Aylward

  Trustee and President (principal executive officer)  
       
/s/ W. Patrick Bradley      

W. Patrick Bradley

 

 

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

(principal financial and accounting officer)

 
       
*      

Thomas J. Brown

 

Trustee

 
       
*      

Donald C. Burke

 

Trustee

 
       
*      

Roger A. Gelfenbien

 

Trustee

 
       
*      

Sidney E. Harris

 

Trustee

 
       
*      

John R. Mallin

 

Trustee

 
       
*      

Hassell H. McClellan

 

Trustee

 
       
*      

Connie D. McDaniel

 

Trustee

 
       
*      

Philip R. McLoughlin

 

Trustee and Chairman

 
       
*      

Geraldine M. McNamara

  Trustee  
       
*      

James M. Oates

  Trustee  
       

  *

   

Richard E. Segerson

 

Trustee

 
       
*      

Ferdinand L.J. Verdonck

  Trustee  

 

 

*By:

 

/s/ George R. Aylward

 
  *George R. Aylward, Attorney-in-Fact, pursuant to a power of attorney  

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit d.1.h

 

EIGHTH AMENDMENT

TO AMENDED AND RESTATED

INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT

 

THIS AMENDMENT effective as of the 8 th day of May, 2017 amends that certain Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement dated as of November 20, 2002, and amended as of October 21, 2004, July 29, 2005, July 13, 2007, March 10, 2008, June 22, 2009, January 1, 2010 and June 25, 2010 (the “Agreement”), by and between Virtus Equity Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”), and Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc., a Massachusetts corporation (the “Adviser”), as follows:

 

 

1. The names of the series party to this agreement have been changed as follows: Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund is now Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund; Virtus Quality Small-Cap Fund is now Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund; Virtus Balanced Fund is now Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund; Virtus Growth & Income Fund is now Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund; Virtus Mid-Cap Core Fund is now Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund; Virtus Quality Large-Cap Value Fund is now Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund; Virtus Strategic Growth Fund is now Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund; Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund is now Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund; Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund is now Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund; and Virtus Mid-Cap Value Fund is now Virtus Contrarian Value Fund.

 

2. Schedule A is hereby deleted and Schedule A attached hereto is substituted in its place.

 

3. Except as expressly amended hereby, all provisions of the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and are unchanged in all other respects. All initial capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Agreement, as amended.

 

4. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts (including executed counterparts delivered and exchanged by facsimile transmission) with the same effect as if all signing parties had originally signed the same document, and all counterparts shall be construed together and shall constitute the same instrument. For all purposes, signatures delivered and exchanged by facsimile transmission shall be binding and effective to the same extent as original signatures.

 

 

 

 

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto intending to be legally bound have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized officers or other representatives.

 

  VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST
     
     
  By: /s/ W. Patrick Bradley
  Name: W. Patrick Bradley
  Title: Executive Vice President, Chief Financial  Officer  & Treasurer
     
  VIRTUS INVESTMENT ADVISERS, INC.
     
     
  By: /s/ Francis G. Waltman
  Name: Francis G. Waltman
  Title: Executive Vice President

 

 

 

 

SCHEDULE A

 

Series Investment Advisory Fee  
     
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund 0.75%  
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund 0.70%  

 

  1 st $1 Billion  

$1+ Billion through

$2 Billion

  $2+ Billion
           
Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund 0.55%   0.50%   0.45%
Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund 0.75%   0.70%   0.65%
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund 0.80%   0.75%   0.70%
Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund 0.75%   0.70%   0.65%
Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund 0.70%   0.65%   0.60%
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund 0.70%   0.65%   0.60%

 

  1 st $400 Million  

$400+ Million through

$1 Billion

  $1+ Billion
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund (fka Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund) 0.90%   0.85%   0.80%

 

  1 st $500 Million   Over $500 Million
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund 0.80%   0.70%

 

  1 st $1 Billion   $1+ Billion
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund 0.75%   0.70%

 

 

 

Exhibit e.2.a

 

100 Pearl Street
Hartford, CT 06103

800.248.7971 VIRTUS.COM

 

 

 

 

 

Virtus Mutual Funds Sales Agreement

Amended Annex A September 2017

VP Distributors, LLC

 

 

 

Virtus Mutual Funds and Available Share Classes

 

 

 

ALTERNATIVES   EQUITY  
Virtus Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund A C I R6 T* Virtus Ceredex Large-Cap Value Equity Fund A C I R6 T*
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Infrastructure Fund A C I T* Virtus Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity Fund A C I R6 T*
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund A C I R6 T* Virtus Ceredex Small-Cap Value Equity Fund A C I T*
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Real Estate Sec Fund A C I T* Virtus Contrarian Value Fund A C I R6 T*
Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund A C I R6 T* Virtus Horizon Wealth Masters Fund A C I T*
Virtus Duff & Phelps Select MLP and Energy Fund A C I T* Virtus KAR Captial Growth Fund A C I T*
Virtus Rampart Alternatives Diversifier Fund A C I T* Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund A C I T*
    Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund A C I T*
ASSET ALLOCATION   Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund A C I R6 T*
Virtus Conservative Allocation Strategy Fund A C I T* Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund A C I T*
Virtus Growth Allocation Strategy Fund A C I T* Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund A C I R6 T*
Virtus Herzfeld Fund A C I T* Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund A C I T*
Virtus Rampart Multi-Asset Trend Fund A C I T* Virtus Rampart Equity Trend Fund A C I R6 T*
Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund A C T* Virtus Rampart Low Volatility Equity Fund A C I T*
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund A C T* Virtus Rampart Sector Trend Fund A C I T*
    Virtus Silvant Large-Cap Growth Stock Fund A C I R6 T*
    Virtus Silvant Small-Cap Growth Stock Fund A C I R6 T*
    Virtus Zevenbergen Innovative Growth Stock Fund A I T*

 

* Class T shares are registered as of the date of this Annex A, but they are not expected to commence operations or be available for sale unless/until sufficient demand is expressed; in the event that Class T shares become available for sale, notice will be provided but no further amendment to this Annex A will be required for their sale.

 

Applicable waivers of Class A sales charges and Class A & C contingent deferred sales charges are described in the prospectus.

 

(Continued on next page)

 

 

VP Distributors, LLC 100 Pearl Street, Hartford, CT 06103

 

Marketing: (800) 243-4361 Customer Service: (800) 243-1574 www.Virtus.com

 

   

 

 

100 Pearl Street
Hartford, CT 06103

800.248.7971 VIRTUS.COM

 

 

Virtus Mutual Funds Sales Agreement

Amended Annex A September 2017

VP Distributors, LLC

 

 

 

Virtus Mutual Funds and Available Share Classes

 

 

 

FIXED INCOME   INTERNATIONAL/GLOBAL  
Virtus Newfleet Bond Fund A C I R6 T* Virtus Duff & Phelps International Equity Fund A C I T*
Virtus Newfleet CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A I T* Virtus Horizon International Wealth Masters Fund A C I T*
Virtus Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund A C I R6 T* Virtus KAR Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund A C I T*
Virtus Newfleet High Yield Fund A C I R6 T* Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund A C I T*
Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund A C I T* Virtus KAR International Small-Cap Fund A C I R6 T*
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund A C I R6 T* Virtus Rampart Global Equity Trend Fund A C I T*
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund A C C1 I R6 T* Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund A C I R6 T*
Virtus Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund A C I R6 T* Virtus Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund A C I R6 T*
Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A C I T* Virtus Vontobel Global Opportunities Fund A C I T*
Virtus Seix Core Bond Fund A I R R6 T* Virtus Vontobel Greater European Opportunities Fund A C I T*
Virtus Seix Corporate Bond Fund A C I T* Virtus WCM International Equity Fund A I R6 T*
Virtus Seix Floating Rate High Income Fund A C I R6 T*    
Virtus Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A I T* TARGET DATE  
Virtus Seix High Grade Municipal Bond Fund A I T* Virtus DFA 2015 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A I R6 T*
Virtus Seix High Income Fund A I R R6 T* Virtus DFA 2020 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A I R6 T*
Virtus Seix High Yield Fund A I R R6 T* Virtus DFA 2025 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A I R6 T*
Virtus Seix Investment Grade Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A I T* Virtus DFA 2030 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A I R6 T*
Virtus Seix Limited Duration Fund I T* Virtus DFA 2035 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A I R6 T*
Virtus Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A I T* Virtus DFA 2040 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A I R6 T*
Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond Fund A C I T* Virtus DFA 2045 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A I R6 T*
Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond Fund A I T* Virtus DFA 2050 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A I R6 T*
Virtus Seix Total Return Bond Fund A I R R6 T* Virtus DFA 2055 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A I R6 T*
Virtus Seix U.S. Govt Securities Ultra-Short Bond Fund I R6 T* Virtus DFA 2060 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A I R6 T*
Virtus Seix U.S. Mortgage Fund A C I T*    
Virtus Seix Ultra-Short Bond Fund I T*    
Virtus Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund A I T*    

 

* Class T shares are registered as of the date of this Annex A, but they are not expected to commence operations or be available for sale unless/until sufficient demand is expressed; in the event that Class T shares become available for sale, notice will be provided but no further amendment to this Annex A will be required for their sale.

 

Applicable waivers of Class A sales charges and Class A & C contingent deferred sales charges are described in the prospectus.

 

 

VP Distributors, LLC 100 Pearl Street, Hartford, CT 06103

 

Marketing: (800) 243-4361 Customer Service: (800) 243-1574 www.Virtus.com

 

  2  

 

 

 

Class A Shares

 

 

Equity, Asset Allocation, International/Global, Alternative, Target Date Retirement Income Funds

 

Amount of       Dealer Discount  
Transaction   Sales Charge     or Agency Fee  
Plus Applicable Rights   As Percentage of     As Percentage of  
of Accumulation:   Offering Price     Offering Price  
             
Less than $50,000     5.75 %     5.00 %
$50,000 but under $100,000     4.75       4.25  
$100,000 but under $250,000     3.75       3.25  
$250,000 but under $500,000     2.75       2.25  
$500,000 but under $1,000,000     2.00       1.75  
$1,000,000 or more     None       None  

 

Newfleet Bond, Newfleet Credit Opportunities, Newfleet High Yield, Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond,

Seix High Income, Seix Core Bond, Seix Corporate Bond, Seix Total Return Bond, Seix High Yield Funds

 

Amount of       Dealer Discount  
Transaction   Sales Charge     or Agency Fee  
Plus Applicable Rights   As Percentage of     As Percentage of  
of Accumulation:   Offering Price     Offering Price  
             
Less than $50,000     3.75 %     3.25 %
$50,000 but under $100,000     3.50       3.00  
$100,000 but under $250,000     3.25       2.75  
$250,000 but under $500,000     2.25       2.00  
$500,000 but under $1,000,000     1.75       1.50  
$1,000,000 or more     None       None  

 

Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond, Newfleet CA Tax-Exempt Bond, Newfleet Senior Floating Rate, Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond

Seix High Grade Municipal Bond, Seix Investment Grade Tax-Exempt Bond, Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond,

Seix Floating Rate High Income, Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Funds

 

Amount of       Dealer Discount  
Transaction   Sales Charge     or Agency Fee  
Plus Applicable Rights   As Percentage of     As Percentage of  
of Accumulation:   Offering Price     Offering Price  
             
Less than $50,000     2.75 %     2.25 %
$50,000 but under $100,000     2.25       2.00  
$100,000 but under $250,000     1.75       1.50  
$250,000 but under $500,000     1.25       1.00  
$500,000 but under $1,000,000     1.00       1.00  
$1,000,000 or more     None       None  

 

       Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond, Newfleet Low Duration Income, Seix Short-Term Bond Fund, Seix Short-Term

Municipal Bond, Seix U.S Mortgage Bond Funds

 

Amount of       Dealer Discount  
Transaction   Sales Charge     or Agency Fee  
Plus Applicable Rights   As Percentage of     As Percentage of  
of Accumulation:   Offering Price     Offering Price  
             
Less $100,000     2.25 %     2.00 %
$100,000 but under $250,000     1.75       1.50  
$250,000 or more      None        None  

 

  3  

 

 

 

Class A Shares continued

 

 

12b-1 Fees: 0.15% - Virtus Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond, Virtus Seix High Grade Municipal Bond, Virtus Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond, Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond and Virtus Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Funds Only - For providing shareholder services which include, but are not limited to, transmitting prospectuses, statements of additional information, shareholder reports, proxy statements and other materials to shareholders; providing educational materials; providing facilities to answer questions about the Funds; receiving and answering correspondence; assisting shareholders in completing application forms and selecting dividend and other account options and providing such other information and services as VP Distributors, LLC (“VPD”) or a Fund may reasonably request, VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.15% annually. The Service Fee is based on the average daily net asset value of Class A shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. Dealers must have an aggregate value of $50,000 or more per Fund CUSIP to qualify for payment in that Fund class. The Service Fee for shares on which a Finder’s Fee has been paid will commence in the thirteenth month following purchase of Class A shares. See the last page of this Annex A for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.

 

12b-1 Fees: 0.20% - Virtus Seix U.S. Mortgage and Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond Funds Only - For providing shareholder services which include, but are not limited to, transmitting prospectuses, statements of additional information, shareholder reports, proxy statements and other materials to shareholders; providing educational materials; providing facilities to answer questions about the Funds; receiving and answering correspondence; assisting shareholders in completing application forms and selecting dividend and other account options and providing such other information and services as VPD or a Fund may reasonably request, VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.20% annually. The Service Fee is based on the average daily net asset value of Class A shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. Dealers must have an aggregate value of $50,000 or more per Fund CUSIP to qualify for payment in that Fund class. The Service Fee for shares on which a Finder’s Fee has been paid will commence in the thirteenth month following purchase of Class A shares. See the last page of this Annex A for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.

 

12b-1 Fees: 0.25% - All other Class A Funds- For providing shareholder services which include, but are not limited to, transmitting prospectuses, statements of additional information, shareholder reports, proxy statements and other materials to shareholders; providing educational materials; providing facilities to answer questions about the Funds; receiving and answering correspondence; assisting shareholders in completing application forms and selecting dividend and other account options and providing such other information and services as VPD or a Fund may reasonably request, VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.25% annually. The Service Fee is based on the average daily net asset value of Class A shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. Dealers must have an aggregate value of $50,000 or more per Fund CUSIP to qualify for payment in that Fund class. The Service Fee for shares on which a Finder’s Fee has been paid will commence in the thirteenth month following purchase of Class A shares. See the last page of this Annex A for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.

 

Finder’s Fee and CDSC Applicable to Virtus Sector Trend and Fixed Income Funds (excluding Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund, Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund, Virtus Seix U.S Mortgage Fund, Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond Fund and Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond Fund): VPD may pay broker-dealers a Finder’s Fee in an amount equal to 0.50% of eligible Class A Share purchases from $1,000,000 to $3,000,000 and 0.25% on amounts greater than $3,000,000. Purchases by an account in the name of a qualified employee benefit plan are eligible for a Finder’s Fee only if such plan has at least 100 eligible employees. A contingent deferred sales charge of 0.50% may apply on certain redemptions made within 18 months following purchases of Class A shares on which a Finder’s Fee has been paid to a dealer. The 18 month period begins on the last day of the month preceding the month in which the purchase was made.

 

Finder’s Fee and CDSC Applicable to Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund, Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund, Virtus Seix U.S Mortgage Fund, Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond Fund and Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond Fund: VPD may pay broker-dealers a Finder’s Fee in an amount equal to 0.50% of eligible Class A Share purchases from $250,000 to $3,000,000 and 0.25% on amounts greater than $3,000,000. Purchases by an account in the name of a qualified employee benefit plan are eligible for a Finder’s Fee only if such plan has at least 100 eligible employees. A contingent deferred sales charge of 0.50% may apply on certain redemptions made within 12 months following purchases of Class A shares on which a Finder’s Fee has been paid to a dealer. The 12 month period begins on the last day of the month preceding the month in which the purchase was made.

 

Finder’s Fee and CDSC Applicable to Equity, Asset Allocation, International/Global, Alternative and Target Date Retirement Income Funds Class A Shares: (excluding Virtus Sector Trend Fund) VPD may pay broker-dealers a Finder’s Fee in an amount equal to 1.00% of eligible Class A Share purchases from $1,000,000 to $3,000,000, 0.50% on amounts of $3,000,001 to $10,000,000 and 0.25% on amounts greater than $10,000,000. Purchases by an account in the name of a qualified employee benefit plan are eligible for a Finder’s Fee only if such plan has at least 100 eligible employees. A contingent deferred sales charge of 1% may apply on certain redemptions made within 18 months following purchases of Class A shares on which a Finder’s Fee has been paid to a dealer. The 18 month period begins on the last day of the month preceding the month in which the purchase was made.

 

  4  

 

 

 

Class C Shares

 

 

Sales Commission:

1% for all Class C Funds except Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund

0% for Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund

When original purchases of the Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund Class C are exchanged to other Class C or C1 shares, the dealer will receive a 1% sales commission.

 

CDSC: 1% for all Class C Funds, except Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund (no CDSC). Dealers maintaining omnibus accounts, upon redemption of a customer account within the time frames specified below, shall charge such customer account the appropriate contingent deferred sales charge as indicated and shall forward the proceeds to VPD. The CDSC on applicable Class C shares is 1% for one year from each purchase.

 

Distribution Fee: 0.25% - 0.75% VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.25% annually for Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund, and 0.75% annually for all other Class C Funds, based on the average daily net asset value of Class C shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. The Class C Trail Fee is paid beginning in the 13th month following each purchase. There is no hold for the Class C Trail Fee for the Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund. See the last page of this Annex A for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.

 

Service Fee: 0.25% For providing shareholder services which include, but are not limited to, transmitting prospectuses, statements of additional information, shareholder reports, proxy statements and other materials to shareholders; providing educational materials; providing facilities to answer questions about the Funds; receiving and answering correspondence; assisting shareholders in completing application forms and selecting dividend and other account options and providing such other information and services as VPD or a Fund may reasonably request, VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.25% annually, based on the average daily net asset value of Class C shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. The Class C Service Fee is paid beginning in the 13 th month following each purchase. There is no hold for the Class C Service Fee for the Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund. See the last page of this Annex A for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.

 

 

Class C1 Shares – Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund only

 

 

Dealer Concession: 1%

 

CDSC: 1% for one year from the date of each purchase.

 

Service Fee: 0.25% For providing shareholder services which include, but are not limited to, transmitting prospectuses, statements of additional information, shareholder reports, proxy statements and other materials to shareholders; providing educational materials; providing facilities to answer questions about the Funds; receiving and answering correspondence; assisting shareholders in completing application forms and selecting dividend and other account options and providing such other information and services as VPD or a Fund may reasonably request, VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.25% annually, based on the average daily net asset value of Class C1 shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. The Class C1 Service Fee is paid beginning in the 13 th month following each purchase. See the last page of this Annex A for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.

 

Distribution Fee: 0.75% VPD intends to pay a quarterly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.75% annually, based on the average daily net asset value of Class C1 shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. The Class C1 Distribution Fee is paid beginning in the 13 th month following each purchase. See the last page of this Annex A for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.

 

 

Class R Shares

 

 

Service Fees: 0.25% For providing shareholder services which include, but are not limited to, transmitting prospectuses, statements of additional information, shareholder reports, proxy statements and other materials to shareholders; providing educational materials; providing facilities to answer questions about the Funds; receiving and answering correspondence; assisting shareholders in completing application forms and selecting dividend and other account options and providing such other information and services as VPD or a Fund may reasonably request, VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.25% annually, based on the average daily net asset value of Class R shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. Dealers must have an aggregate value of $50,000 or more per Fund CUSIP to qualify for payment in that Fund class. See below for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.

 

Distribution Fee: 0.25% VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.25% annually, based on the average daily net asset value of Class R shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. Dealers must have an aggregate value of $50,000 or more per Fund CUSIP to qualify for payment in that Fund class. See below for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.

 

  5  

 

 

 

Class I Shares

 

 

There is no dealer compensation payable on Class I shares, and they do not pay any 12b-1 distribution or service fees.

 

 

Class R6 Shares

 

 

R6 Shares are available only to certain employer-sponsored retirement plans, including Section 401(k), 403(b) and 457, profit-sharing, money purchase pension and defined benefit plans and non-qualified deferred compensation plans, in each case provided that plan level or omnibus accounts are held on the books of the fund. Other institutional investors may be permitted to purchase Class R6 Shares subject to the fund’s determination of eligibility and may be subject to a $2,500,000 minimum initial investment requirement. No compensation, administrative payments, sub-transfer agency payments or service payments are paid to dealers or other entities from fund assets or VPD’s or an affiliate’s resources on sales of or investments in Class R6 Shares. Class R6 Shares do not carry sales commissions or pay Rule 12b-1 fees, or make payments to dealers or other entities to assist in, or in connection with, the sale of the fund’s shares.

 

 

Class T Shares **

 

 

Class T shares will be available if/when they are opened by the Fund and will be available only through financial intermediaries.

 

Amount of      
Transaction   Sales Charge  
At Offering Price   Paid to Dealer  
       
Less than $250,000     2.50 %
$250,000 but under $500,000     2.00  
$500,000 but under $1,000,000     1.50  
$1,000,000 or more     1.00  

 

12b-1 Fees: 0.25% For providing shareholder services which include, but are not limited to, transmitting prospectuses, statements of additional information, shareholder reports, proxy statements and other materials to shareholders; providing educational materials; providing facilities to answer questions about the Funds; receiving and answering correspondence; assisting shareholders in completing application forms and selecting dividend and other account options and providing such other information and services as VPD or a Fund may reasonably request, VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.25% annually, based on the average daily net asset value of Class T shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. Dealers must have an aggregate value of $50,000 or more per Fund CUSIP to qualify for payment in that Fund class. See below for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.

 

** Effective upon inception of this share class

 

 

Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees – All Share Classes

 

 

Applicable Service and Distribution Fees are paid pursuant to one or more distribution and/or service plans (“Plan”) adopted by certain of the Funds. Payment of these fees will automatically terminate in the event such Plan terminates or is not continued or in the event that this Agreement terminates, is assigned or ceases to remain in effect. VP Distributors shall be under no obligation to pay any fees hereunder to the extent such fees have not been paid to VP Distributors by the applicable Fund(s). In addition, these fees may be terminated at any time, without the payment of an penalty, by vote of a majority of the members of the Funds’ Board of Trustees who are not interested persons of the Funds and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of any Fund or Funds on not more than sixty days' written notice to any other party to the Agreement.

 

VPD 80A (Sept 2017 rev.)

 

  6  

 

Exhibit g.1.d

 

JOINDER AGREEMENT AND AMENDMENT

TO

CUSTODY AGREEMENT

 

This Joinder Agreement and Amendment (“Amendment”) dated September 5, 2017 and effective the 11 th day of September 2017 is by and between Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, Virtus Equity Trust, Virtus Opportunities Trust, Virtus Retirement Trust, Virtus Asset Trust and Virtus Variable Insurance Trust, (each, the “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) and The Bank of New York Mellon (“BNY Mellon”).

 

BACKGROUND:

 

A. BNY Mellon and the Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust entered into a Custody Agreement dated as of March 21, 2014, as amended (the “Agreement”) relating to BNY Mellon’s provision of custody services.

 

B. Each Fund and BNY Mellon desire that each Fund be a party to the Agreement and receive the custody services set forth in the Agreement and desire to amend the Agreement as set forth herein.

 

C. This Background section is incorporated by reference into and made a part of this Amendment.

 

TERMS:

 

The parties hereby agree that:

 

1. By executing this Agreement, each Fund and BNY Mellon agrees to become a party to, and be bound by, and to comply with the terms of the Agreement in the same manner as if each of the undersigned were an original signatory to the Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, each investment company listed at Schedule I shall be considered to have a separate agreement with BNY Mellon and hereby appoints BNY Mellon to provide custody services in accordance with the terms set forth in the Agreement. BNY Mellon accepts such appointment and agrees to furnish such services.

 

2. Section 1 of the Agreement is hereby amended and supplemented by adding the following Definitions:

 

Economic Sanctions Compliance Program ” shall mean those programs, policies, procedures and measures designed to ensure compliance with, and prevent violations of, Sanctions.

 

 

 

 

Sanctions ” shall mean all economic sanctions, laws, rules, regulations, executive orders and requirements administered by any governmental authority of the U.S. (including the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control) that are applicable to the Fund.”

 

3. Section 8 of the Agreement is hereby amended and supplemented by adding the following:

 

8.8         Sanctions .

 

(a)       Throughout the term of this Agreement, the Fund shall maintain, and comply with, compliance policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure the Fund’s compliance with applicable Sanctions.

 

(b)       To the extent available to the Fund, the Fund will promptly provide to the Custodian such information as the Custodian reasonably requests in connection with the matters referenced in this Section 8.8, including information regarding the Accounts, the assets held or to be held in the Accounts, the source thereof, and the identity of any individual or entity having or claiming an interest therein. The Custodian may decline to act or provide services in respect of any Account, and take such other actions as it, in its reasonable discretion, deems necessary or advisable, in connection with the matters referenced in this Section 8.8. If the Custodian declines to act or provide services as provided in the preceding sentence, except as otherwise prohibited by applicable law or official request, the Custodian will inform the Fund as soon as reasonably practicable.

 

4. Section 10.2 of the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

 

10.2      Termination .

 

a. This Agreement shall continue through October 9, 2022 (the “Initial Term”).

 

b. Upon the expiration of the Initial Term, this Agreement shall continue automatically until terminated in accordance with this Section 10.2; provided however, that this Agreement may be terminated at the end of its Initial Term or any subsequent date by Custodian upon 90 days’ prior written notice to the other parties, and by the Fund upon 60 days’ prior written notice to Custodian.

 

c. In the event of termination, all reasonable actual expenses associated with movement of records and materials and conversion thereof to a successor service provider will be borne by the Fund and paid to Custodian prior to any such conversion.

 

 

 

 

d. If a party hereto is guilty of a material failure to perform its duties and obligations hereunder (a “Defaulting Party”) the other party (the “Non-Defaulting Party”) may give written notice thereof to the Defaulting Party, and if such material failure shall not have been remedied within thirty (30) days after such written notice is given of such material failure, then the Non-Defaulting Party may terminate this Agreement by giving thirty (30) days written notice of such termination to the Defaulting Party even during the Initial Term. In all cases, termination by the Non- Defaulting Party shall not constitute a waiver by the Non-Defaulting Party of any other rights it might have under this Agreement or otherwise against the Defaulting Party. For the avoidance of doubt, a material failure by the Custodian to perform its duties and obligations hereunder in accordance with the Service Level Agreement between the parties shall constitute a material failure to perform its duties and obligations hereunder by the Custodian.

 

e. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, if the Fund gives notice to Custodian terminating it as the provider of any of the services hereunder or if the Fund otherwise terminates this Agreement Custodian shall, if requested by the Fund, make a good faith effort to facilitate a conversion to the Fund’s successor service provider, provided that Custodian does not guarantee that it will be able to effect a conversion on the date(s) requested by the Fund. If any of the Fund’s assets serviced by Custodian under this Agreement are removed from the coverage of this Agreement (“Removed Assets”) and are subsequently serviced by another service provider (including the Fund or any affiliate of the Fund), this Agreement will remain in full force and effect with respect to all non-Removed Assets.

 

f. In the event this Agreement is terminated (pending appointment of a successor to Custodian or vote of the shareholders of the Fund to dissolve or to function without a custodian of its cash, securities or other property). Custodian shall not deliver cash, securities or other property of the Portfolios to the Fund. It may deliver them to a bank or trust company of Custodian’s choice, having aggregate capital, surplus and undivided profits, as shown by its last published report, of not less than twenty million dollars ($20,000,000), as a custodian for the Fund to be held under terms similar to those of this Agreement. Custodian shall not be required to make any delivery or payment of assets upon termination until full payment shall have been made to Custodian of all of its fees, compensation, costs, expenses and other amounts owing to it hereunder. Custodian shall have a first priority contractual possessory security interest in and shall have a right of setoff against the Property as security for such payment of its fees, compensation, costs, expenses and other amounts owing to it.”

 

 

 

 

5. For clarity, as of the effective date of this Amendment the Agreement shall be deemed to be in its “Initial Term” (as defined in Section 4 above).

 

6. Miscellaneous .

 

(a) Capitalized terms not defined in this Amendment shall have the same meanings as set forth in the Agreement. In the event of a conflict between the terms hereof and the Agreement, as to services described in this Amendment, this Amendment shall control.

 

(b) As hereby amended and supplemented, the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

 

(c) The Agreement, as amended hereby, constitutes the complete understanding and agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior communications with respect thereto.

 

(d) This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. The facsimile signature of any party to this Amendment shall constitute the valid and binding execution hereof by such party.

 

(e) This Amendment shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York, without regard to its principles of conflicts of laws.

 

 

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed by their duly authorized officers designated below on the date and year first above written.

 

  VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
  VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST
  VIRTUS OPPORTUNITIES TRUST
  VIRTUS RETIREMENT TRUST
  VIRTUS ASSET TRUST
  VIRTUS VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST
     
  By: /s/ Amy Hackett
  Name: Amy Hackett
  Title: Vice President and Assistant Treasurer
     
  THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON
     
  By: /s/ Armando Fernandez
  Name: Armando Fernandez
  Title: Vice President

 

 

 

 

SCHEDULE I

 

THIS SCHEDULE I, amended and restated as of ________, 2017, is the Schedule I to that certain Custody Agreement dated as of March 21, 2014, as amended, between each investment company on Schedule I and The Bank of New York Mellon.

 

List of Funds and Portfolios 123

 

VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST

Virtus Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund

Virtus Duff & Phelps Select MLP and Energy Fund

Virtus Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund

 

VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST

Virtus Contrarian Value Fund 1

Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund 1

Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund 1

Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund 1

Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund 1

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund 1

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund 1

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund 1

Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund 2

Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund 1

Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund 1

 

VIRTUS OPPORTUNITIES TRUST

Virtus Alternatives Diversifier Fund 1

Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Infrastructure Fund 1

Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund 1

Virtus Duff & Phelps International Equity Fund 1

Virtus Duff & Phelps International Real Estate Securities Fund 1

Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund 1

Virtus Equity Trend Fund 1

Virtus Global Equity Trend Fund 1

Virtus Herzfeld Fund 1

Virtus Horizon International Wealth Masters Fund 1

Virtus Horizon Wealth Masters Fund 1

Virtus KAR Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund 1

Virtus KAR International Small-Cap Fund 1

Virtus Multi-Asset Trend Fund 1

Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund 2

Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund 2

 

 

1 As of conversion September 11, 2017

2 As of conversion September 25, 2017

3 As of conversion October 9, 2017

 

 

 

 

Virtus Newfleet Bond Fund 2

Virtus Newfleet CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund 2

Virtus Newfleet High Yield Fund 2

Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund 2

Virtus Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund 2

Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund 2

Virtus Rampart Low Volatility Equity Fund 2

Virtus Sector Trend Fund 1

Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund 2

Virtus Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund 2

Virtus Vontobel Global Opportunities Fund 2

Virtus Vontobel Greater European Opportunities Fund 2

 

VIRTUS RETIREMENT TRUST

Virtus DFA 2015 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2

Virtus DFA 2020 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2

Virtus DFA 2025 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2

Virtus DFA 2030 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2

Virtus DFA 2035 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2

Virtus DFA 2040 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2

Virtus DFA 2045 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2

Virtus DFA 2050 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2

Virtus DFA 2055 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2

Virtus DFA 2060 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2

 

VIRTUS ASSET TRUST

Virtus Ceredex Large-Cap Value Equity Fund 3

Virtus Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity Fund 3

Virtus Ceredex Small-Cap Value Equity Fund 3

Virtus Silvant Large-Cap Growth Stock Fund 3

Virtus Silvant Small-Cap Growth Stock Fund 3

Virtus Zevenbergen Innovative Growth Stock Fund 3

Virtus WCM International Equity Fund 3

Virtus Conservative Allocation Strategy Fund 3

Virtus Growth Allocation Strategy Fund 3

Virtus Seix U.S. Mortgage Fund 3

Virtus Seix Limited Duration Fund 3

Virtus Seix Core Bond Fund 3

Virtus Seix Corporate Bond Fund 3

Virtus Seix Total Return Bond Fund 3

Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond Fund 3

Virtus Seix U.S. Government Securities Ultra-Short Bond Fund 3

Virtus Seix Ultra-Short Bond Fund 3

Virtus Seix Floating Rate High Income Fund 3

Virtus Seix High Income Fund 3

Virtus Seix High Yield Fund 3

 

 

 

 

Virtus Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond Fund 3

Virtus Seix High Grade Municipal Bond Fund 3

Virtus Seix Investment Grade Tax-Exempt Bond Fund 3

Virtus Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond Fund 3

Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond Fund 3

Virtus Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund 3

 

VIRTUS VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST

Virtus Duff & Phelps International Series 1

Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Series 1

Virtus Equity Trend Series 1

Virtus KAR Capital Growth Series 1

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Series 1

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Series 1

Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Series 2

Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Series 2

Virtus Strategic Allocation Series 1

 

 

 

 

Exhibit h.2.h

 

Execution Version

 

Amendment

To

Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement

 

This Amendment To Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2017 (" Amendment "), is being entered into by and among BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (" BNYM "), Virtus Fund Services, LLC (" Company ") and each of the " Funds ", which is hereby defined to mean each of the Investment Companies and each Portfolio of each such Investment Company listed on Schedule B to the Current Agreement (as defined below).

 

Background

 

BNYM, certain of the Funds and VP Distributors, Inc., as transfer agent to the Funds, entered into the Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement as of April 15, 2011 (" Original Agreement "). VP Distributors, LLC, the surviving entity in a merger with VP Distributors, Inc. that was effective September 22, 2011, transferred all rights and obligations as transfer agent of the Funds under the Original Agreement to the Company pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption Agreement, effective as of January 1, 2013, among VP Distributors, LLC, the Company, certain of the Funds and BNYM (the Original Agreement as so assigned and amended being the " Assigned Agreement "). BNYM, the Company and the Funds subsequently entered into amendments to the Assigned Agreement, dated as of March 21, 2014, June 1, 2014, August 19, 2014, November 12, 2014, March 24, 2015, May 28, 2015, September 1, 2015, December 10, 2015 and July 27, 2016 (the Assigned Agreement as so amended being the " Current Agreement "). BNYM, the Funds and the Company wish to amend the Current Agreement in accordance with the terms of this Amendment.

 

Terms

 

NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree to all statements made above and as follows:

 

1.            Modifications to Current Agreement . The Current Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Section 13(b) and replacing it in its entirety with the following:

 

(b)       This Agreement shall automatically renew on the final day of the Initial Term for an additional term which will continue until August 31, 2017 and thereafter the Agreement shall automatically renew on each anniversary of August 31, 2017 for a one year period (each of the automatic renewal terms being a " Renewal Term "), unless the Company, the Fund or BNYM gives written notice to each other party of its intent not to renew and such notice is received by each other party not less than sixty (60) days prior to the expiration of the then-current Renewal Term (a " Non- Renewal Notice "). In the event a party provides a Non-Renewal Notice, this Agreement shall terminate at 11:59 PM (Eastern Time) on the last day of the Renewal Term. A Non-Renewal Notice from the Company shall constitute notice of termination of the Agreement in its entirety for the Company and all Funds and a Non-Renewal Notice from a Fund shall constitute a notice of termination of the Agreement solely with respect to the Fund providing the Non-Renewal Notice.

 

2.            Remainder of Current Agreement . Except as specifically modified by this Amendment, all terms and conditions of the Current Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

 

3.            Governing Law . The governing law of the Current Agreement shall be the governing law of this Amendment.

 

  Page 1  

 

 

Execution Version

 

 

4.            Entire Agreement . This Amendment constitutes the final, complete, exclusive and fully integrated record of the agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter herein and the amendment of the Current Agreement.

 

5.            Facsimile Signatures; Counterparts . This Amendment may be executed in one more counterparts; such execution of counterparts may occur by manual signature, facsimile signature, manual signature transmitted by means of facsimile transmission or manual signature contained in an imaged document attached to an email transmission; and each such counterpart executed in accordance with the foregoing shall be deemed an original, with all such counterparts together constituting one and the same instrument. The exchange of executed copies of this Amendment or of executed signature pages to this Amendment by facsimile transmission or as an imaged document attached to an email transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery hereof and may be used for all purposes in lieu of a manually executed copy of this Amendment.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed by their duly authorized officers, as of the day and year first above written.

 

BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc.   Virtus Equity Trust
      Virtus Insight Trust
By: /s/ Armando Fernandez   Virtus Opportunities Trust
      Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust
Name: Armando Fernandez   Virtus Retirement Trust
      On behalf of each Fund in its individual
Title: Vice President   and separate capacity, and not on behalf
      of any other Fund
         
      By: /s/ George R. Aylward
         
Virtus Fund Services, LLC   Name: George R. Aylward
         
By: /s/ George R. Aylward   Title: President
         
Name: George R. Aylward      
         
Title: President      

 

  Page 2  

 

 

Exhibit h.2.i

 

Execution Copy

 

Amendment To

Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services

Agreement

 

This Amendment To Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of September 18, 2017 (" Amendment "), is being entered into by and among BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (" BNYM "), Virtus Fund Services, LLC (" Company ") and each of the " Funds ", which is hereby defined to mean each of the Investment Companies and each Portfolio of each such Investment Company listed on Schedule B to the Current Agreement (as defined below).

 

Background

 

BNYM, certain of the Funds and VP Distributors, Inc., as transfer agent to the Funds, entered into the Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement as of April 15, 2011 (" Original Agreement "). VP Distributors, LLC, the surviving entity in a merger with VP Distributors, Inc. that was effective September 22, 2011, transferred all rights and obligations as transfer agent of the Funds under the Original Agreement to the Company pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption Agreement, effective as of January 1, 2013, among VP Distributors, LLC, the Company, certain of the Funds and BNYM (the Original Agreement as so assigned and amended being the " Assigned Agreement "). BNYM, the Company and the Funds subsequently entered into amendments to the Assigned Agreement, dated as of March 21, 2014, June 1, 2014, August 19, 2014, November 12, 2014, March 24, 2015, May 28, 2015, September 1, 2015, December 10, 2015, July 27, 2016 and February 1, 2017 (the Assigned Agreement as so amended being the " Current Agreement ").

 

BNYM, the Funds and the Company now wish to amend the Current Agreement to provide for a short term extension of the Agreement through December 31, 2017, and to add certain Funds to Schedule B.

 

Terms

 

NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree to all statements made above and as follows:

 

1.            Modifications to Current Agreement .

 

(a)           The Current Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Section 13(b) and replacing it in its entirety with the following:

 

(b)       This Agreement shall automatically renew on the final day of the Initial Term for an additional term which will continue until December 31, 2017 and thereafter the Agreement shall automatically renew on each anniversary of December 31, 2017 for a one year period (each of the automatic renewal terms being a " Renewal Term "), unless the Company, the Fund or BNYM gives written notice to each other party of its intent not to renew and such notice is received by each other party not less than sixty (60) days prior to the expiration of the then-current Renewal Term (a " Non-Renewal Notice "). In the event a party provides a Non-Renewal Notice, this Agreement shall terminate at 11:59 PM (Eastern Time) on the last day of the Renewal Term. A Non- Renewal Notice from the Company shall constitute notice of termination of the Agreement in its entirety for the Company and all Funds and a Non-Renewal Notice from a Fund shall constitute a notice of termination of the Agreement solely with respect to the Fund providing the Non-Renewal Notice.


  Page 1  

 

 

Execution Copy

 

 

(b)           The Current Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Schedule B in its entirety and replacing it with the Schedule B attached to Amendment.

 

2.            Adoption of Amended Agreement by Each New Fund . Each Fund that has been added to Schedule B by virtue of this Amendment acknowledges and agrees that (i) by virtue of its execution of this Amendment, it becomes and is a party to the Current Agreement as amended by this Amendment ("Amended Agreement") as of the date first written above, or if BNYM commenced providing services to the Fund prior to the date first written above, as of the date BNYM first provided services to the Fund, and (ii) it is bound by all terms and conditions of the Amended Agreement as of such date. The term "Fund" has the same meaning in this Amendment as it has in the Current Agreement.

 

3.            Remainder of Current Agreement . Except as specifically modified by this Amendment, all terms and conditions of the Current Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

 

4.            Governing Law . The governing law of the Current Agreement shall be the governing law of this Amendment.

 

5.            Entire Agreement . This Amendment constitutes the final, complete, exclusive and fully integrated record of the agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter herein and the amendment of the Current Agreement.

 

6.            Facsimile Signatures; Counterparts . This Amendment may be executed in one more counterparts; such execution of counterparts may occur by manual signature, facsimile signature, manual signature transmitted by means of facsimile transmission or manual signature contained in an imaged document attached to an email transmission; and each such counterpart executed in accordance with the foregoing shall be deemed an original, with all such counterparts together constituting one and the same instrument. The exchange of executed copies of this Amendment or of executed signature pages to this Amendment by facsimile transmission or as an imaged document attached to an email transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery hereof and may be used for all purposes in lieu of a manually executed copy of this Amendment.

 

  Page 2  

 

 

Execution Copy

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed by their duly authorized officers, as of the day and year first above written.

 

BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc.   Virtus Equity Trust
      Virtus Opportunities Trust
By: /s/ Armando Fernandez   Virtus Asset Trust
      Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust
Name: Armando Fernandez   Virtus Retirement Trust
      On behalf of each Fund in its
Title: Vice President   individual and separate capacity, and
      not on behalf of any other Fund
         
      By: /s/ Heidi Griswold
         
Virtus Fund Services, LLC   Name: Heidi Griswold
         
By: /s/ Heidi Griswold   Title: Vice President
         
Name: Heidi Griswold      
         
Title: Vice President      

 

  Page 3  

 

 

Execution Copy

 

 

SCHEDULE B

 

(Dated: September 18, 2017)

 

THIS SCHEDULE B is Schedule B to that certain Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of April 15, 2011, by and among BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc., Virtus Fund Services, LLC (under the name of its predecessor in interest, VP Distributors, Inc.) and the Funds, as further set forth below.

 

Portfolios  
     
Investment Company : Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust  

 

Portfolios :

Virtus Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund A (formerly, Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund A)

Virtus Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund C (formerly,Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund C )

Virtus Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund I (formerly, Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund I)

Virtus Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund R6 (formerly, Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund R6)

Virtus Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund A (formerly, Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund A)

Virtus Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund C (formerly, Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund C)

Virtus Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund I (formerly, Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund I)

Virtus Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund R6

Virtus Duff & Phelps Select MLP Energy Fund A (formerly, Virtus Select MLP and Energy Fund A)

Virtus Duff & Phelps Select MLP Energy Fund C (formerly, Virtus Select MLP and Energy Fund C)

Virtus Duff & Phelps Select MLP Energy Fund I (formerly, Virtus Select MLP and Energy Fund I)

Virtus Strategic Income Fund A – Closed 5/10/2017 1

Virtus Strategic Income Fund C- Closed 5/10/2017

Virtus Strategic Income Fund I – Closed 5/10/2017

 

Investment Company : Virtus Asset Trust 2  

 

Portfolios:

Virtus Ceredex Large-Cap Value Equity-A

Virtus Ceredex Large-Cap Value Equity-C

Virtus Ceredex Large-Cap Value Equity-I

Virtus Ceredex Large-Cap Value Equity-Is

Virtus Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity-A

Virtus Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity-C

Virtus Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity-I

Virtus Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity-IS

Virtus Ceredex Small-Cap Value Equity-A

Virtus Ceredex Small-Cap Value Equity-C

Virtus Ceredex Small-Cap Value Equity-I

Virtus Conservative Allocation Strategy-A

Virtus Conservative Allocation Strategy-C

Virtus Conservative Allocation Strategy-I

Virtus Growth Allocation Strategy-A

Virtus Growth Allocation Strategy-C

Virtus Growth Allocation Strategy-I

Virtus Seix Core Bond-A

Virtus Seix Core Bond-I

Virtus Seix Core Bond-IS

Virtus Seix Core Bond-R

 

 

 

1 Liquidated on May 10, 2017. Will not appear on future Schedule B.

2 BNYM expected to commence services on September 18, 2017.

 

  Page 4  

 

 

Execution Copy

 

 

Virtus Seix Corporate Bond-A

Virtus Seix Corporate Bond-C

Virtus Seix Corporate Bond-I

Virtus Seix Floating Rate High Income-A

Virtus Seix Floating Rate High Income-C

Virtus Seix Floating Rate High Income-I

Virtus Seix Floating Rate High Income-IS

Virtus Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond-A

Virtus Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond-I

Virtus Seix High Grade Municipal Bond-A

Virtus Seix High Grade Municipal Bond-I

Virtus Seix High Income-A

Virtus Seix High Income-I

Virtus Seix High Income-IS

Virtus Seix High Income-R

Virtus Seix High Yield-A

Virtus Seix High Yield-I

Virtus Seix High Yield-IS

Virtus Seix High Yield-R

Virtus Seix Investment Grade Tax-Ex Bond-A

Virtus Seix Investment Grade Tax-Ex Bond-I

Virtus Seix Limited Duration-I

Virtus Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond-A

Virtus Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond-I

Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond-A

Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond-C

Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond-I

Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond-A

Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond-I

Virtus Seix Total Return Bond-A

Virtus Seix Total Return Bond-I

Virtus Seix Total Return Bond-IS

Virtus Seix Total Return Bond-R

Virtus Seix Ultra-Short Bond-I

Virtus Seix US Government Security Ultra-Short Bond-I

Virtus Seix US Government Security Ultra-Short Bond-IS

Virtus Seix US Mortgage-A

Virtus Seix US Mortgage-C

Virtus Seix US Mortgage-I

Virtus Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond-A

Virtus Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond-I

Virtus Silvant Large-Cap Growth Stock-A

Virtus Silvant Large-Cap Growth Stock-C

Virtus Silvant Large-Cap Growth Stock-I

Virtus Silvant Large-Cap Growth Stock-IS

Virtus Silvant Small-Cap Growth Stock-A

Virtus Silvant Small-Cap Growth Stock-C

Virtus Silvant Small-Cap Growth Stock-I

Virtus Silvant Small-Cap Growth Stock-IS

Virtus WCM International Equity-A

Virtus WCM International Equity-I

Virtus WCM International Equity-IS

Virtus Zevenbergen Innovative Growth Stock-A

Virtus Zevenbergen Innovative Growth Stock-I

 

  Page 5  

 

 

Execution Copy

 

 

Investment Company : Virtus Equity Trust  

 

Portfolios :

Strategic Allocation A (formerly Virtus Balanced Fund A)

Strategic Allocation C (formerly Virtus Balanced Fund C

Virtus Contrarian Value Fund A

Virtus Contrarian Value Fund C

Virtus Contrarian Value Fund I

Virtus Contrarian Value Fund R6

Rampart Enhanced Core Equity A (formerly Virtus Growth & Income Fund A))

Rampart Enhanced Core Equity C (formerly Virtus Growth & Income Fund C)

Rampart Enhanced Core Equity I (formerly Virtus Growth & Income Fund I)

Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund A (formerly Global Quality Dividend Fund A)

Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund C (formerly Global Quality Dividend Fund C)

Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund I (formerly Global Quality Dividend Fund I)

Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund A (formerly, Virtus Mid-Cap Core Fund A)

Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund C (formerly, Virtus Mid-Cap Core Fund C)

Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund I (formerly, Virtus Mid-Cap Core Fund I)

Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund A (formerly, Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund A)

Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund C (formerly, Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund C)

Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund I (formerly, Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund I)

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund A (formerly, Virtus Quality Small-Cap Fund A)

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund C (formerly, Virtus Quality Small-Cap Fund C)

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund I (formerly, Virtus Quality Small-Cap Fund I)

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund R6

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund A (formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund A)

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund C (formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund C)

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund I (formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund I)

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund R6 (formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund R6)

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund A (formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund A)

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund C (formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund C)

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund I (formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund I)

Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund A (formerly, Virtus Strategic Growth Fund A)

Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund C (formerly, Virtus Strategic Growth Fund C)

Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund I (formerly, Virtus Strategic Growth Fund I)

Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund A

Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund C

 

Investment Company : Virtus Insight Trust 3  

 

Portfolios :

Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund A (formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund A)

Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund C (formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund C)

Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund I (formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund I)

Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund R6 (formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund R6)

Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund A (formerly, Virtus Low Duration Income Fund A)

Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund C (formerly,Virtus Low Duration Income Fund C)

Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund I (formerly,Virtus Low Duration Income Fund I)

Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A (formerly, Virtus Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A)

Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund C (formerly, Virtus Tax-Exempt Bond Fund C)

Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund I (formerly, Virtus Tax-Exempt Bond Fund I)

 

Investment Company : Virtus Opportunities Trust  

 

 

 

3 All Portfolios merged into Virtus Opportunities Trust September 23, 2016.

 

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Execution Copy

 

 

Portfolios :

Virtus Multi-Asset Trend Fund A

Virtus Multi-Asset Trend Fund C

Virtus Multi-Asset Trend Fund I

Virtus Sector Trend Fund A

Virtus Sector Trend Fund C

Virtus Sector Trend Fund I

Virtus Alternatives Diversifier Fund A

Virtus Alternatives Diversifier Fund C

Virtus Alternatives Diversifier Fund I

Virtus Newfleet Bond Fund A (formerly, Virtus Bond Fund A)

Virtus Newfleet Bond Fund C (formerly, Virtus Bond Fund C)

Virtus Newfleet Bond Fund I (formerly, Virtus Bond Fund I)

Virtus Newfleet Bond Fund R6

Virtus Newfleet CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A (formerly, Virtus CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A)

Virtus Newfleet CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund I (formerly, Virtus CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund I)

Virtus Dynamic Trend Fund A 4

Virtus Dynamic Trend Fund B 4

Virtus Dynamic Trend Fund C 4

Virtus Dynamic Trend Fund I 4

Virtus Dynamic Trend Fund R6 4

Virtus Emerging Markets Debt Fund A Closed 5/10/2017 5

Virtus Emerging Markets Debt Fund C Closed 5/10/2017

Virtus Emerging Markets Debt Fund I Closed 5/10/2017

Virtus Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund A Closed 3/15/2017 6

Virtus Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund C Closed 3/15/2017

Virtus Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund I Closed 3/15/2017

Virtus KAR Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund A (formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund A)

Virtus KAR Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund C (formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund C)

Virtus KAR Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund I (formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund I)

Virtus Essential Resources Fund A Closed 3/15/2017 6

Virtus Essential Resources Fund C Closed 3/15/2017

Virtus Essential Resources Fund I Closed 3/15/2017

Virtus Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund A (formerly, Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund A)

Virtus Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund C (formerly, Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund C)

Virtus Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund I (formerly, Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund I)

Virtus Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund R6 (formerly, Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund R6)

Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Infrastructure Fund A (formerly, Virtus Global Infrastructure Fund A)

Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Infrastructure Fund C (formerly, Virtus Global Infrastructure Fund C)

Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Infrastructure Fund I (formerly, Virtus Global Infrastructure Fund I)

Virtus Vontobel Global Opportunities Fund A (formerly, Virtus Global Opportunities Fund A)

Virtus Vontobel Global Opportunities Fund C (formerly, Virtus Global Opportunities Fund C)

Virtus Vontobel Global Opportunities Fund I (formerly, Virtus Global Opportunities Fund I)

Virtus Global Equity Trend Fund A

Virtus Global Equity Trend Fund C

Virtus Global Equity Trend Fund I

Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund A (formerly, Virtus Global Real Estate Securities Fund A)

Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund C (formerly, Virtus Global Real Estate Securities Fund C)

Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund I (formerly, Virtus Global Real Estate Securities Fund I)

Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund R6

Virtus Vontobel Greater European Opportunities Fund A (formerly, Virtus Greater European Opportunities Fund A)

 

 

4 Merged into another Portfolio of Virtus Opportunities Trust on February 5, 2016. Will not appear on future Schedule B.

5 Liquidated on May 10, 2017. Will not appear on future Schedule B.

6 Liquidated on March 15, 2017. Will not appear on future Schedule B.

 

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Execution Copy

 

 

Vontobel Greater European Opportunities Fund C (formerly, Virtus Greater European Opportunities Fund C)

Virtus Vontobel Greater European OppVirtusortunities Fund I (formerly, Virtus Greater European Opportunities Fund I)

Virtus Herzfeld Fund A

Virtus Herzfeld Fund C

Virtus Herzfeld Fund I

Virtus Newfleet High Yield Fund A (formerly, Virtus High Yield Fund A)

Virtus Newfleet High Yield Fund C (formerly, Virtus High Yield Fund C)

Virtus Newfleet High Yield Fund I (formerly, Virtus High Yield Fund I)

Virtus Newfleet High Yield Fund R6

Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund A (formerly, Virtus Low Duration Income Fund A)

Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund C (formerly, Virtus Low Duration Income Fund C)

Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund I (formerly, Virtus Low Duration Income Fund I)

Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A (formerly, Virtus Tax Exempt Bond Fund A)

Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund C (formerly, Virtus Tax Exempt Bond Fund C)

Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund I (formerly, Virtus Tax Exempt Bond Fund I)

Virtus Duff & Phelps International Equity Fund A (formerly, Virtus International Equity Fund A)

Virtus Duff & Phelps International Equity Fund C (formerly, Virtus International Equity Fund C)

Virtus Duff & Phelps International Equity Fund I (formerly, Virtus International Equity Fund I)

Virtus Duff & Phelps International Real Estate Securities Fund A (formerly, Virtus International Real Estate Securities Fund A)

Virtus Duff & Phelps International Real Estate Securities Fund C (formerly, Virtus International Real Estate Securities Fund C)

Virtus Duff & Phelps International Real Estate Securities Fund I (formerly, Virtus International Real Estate Securities Fund I)

Virtus KAR International Small-Cap Fund A (formerly, Virtus International Small-Cap Fund A)

Virtus KAR International Small-Cap Fund C (formerly, Virtus International Small-Cap Fund C)

Virtus KAR International Small-Cap Fund I (formerly, Virtus International Small-Cap Fund I)

Virtus KAR International Small-Cap Fund R6 (formerly, Virtus International Small-Cap Fund R6)

Virtus Horizon International Wealth Masters Fund A (formerly, Virtus International Wealth Masters Fund A)

Virtus Horizon International Wealth Masters Fund C (formerly, Virtus International Wealth Masters Fund C)

Virtus Horizon International Wealth Masters Fund I (formerly, Virtus International Wealth Masters Fund I)

Virtus Rampart Low Volatility Equity Fund A (formerly, Virtus Low Volatility Equity Fund A)

Virtus Rampart Low Volatility Equity Fund C (formerly, Virtus Low Volatility Equity Fund C)

Virtus Rampart Low Volatility Equity Fund I (formerly, Virtus Low Volatility Equity Fund I)

Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund A (formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund A)

Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund C (formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund C)

Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund I (formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund I)

Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund R6 (formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund R6)

Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund A (formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund A)

Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund C (formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund C)

Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund I (formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund I)

Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund C1 (formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund T)

Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund R6

Virtus Equity Trend Fund A

Virtus Equity Trend Fund C

Virtus Equity Trend Fund I

Virtus Equity Trend Fund R6

Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund A (formerly, Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund A)

Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund C (formerly, Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund C)

Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund I (formerly, Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund I)

Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund R6 (formerly, Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund R6)

Virtus Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund A (formerly, Virtus Senior Floating Rate Fund A)

Virtus Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund C (formerly, Virtus Senior Floating Rate Fund C)

Virtus Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund I (formerly, Virtus Senior Floating Rate Fund I)

Virtus Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund R6

 

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Execution Copy

 

 

Virtus Horizon Wealth Masters Fund A (formerly, Virtus Wealth Masters Fund A)

Virtus Horizon Wealth Masters Fund C (formerly, Virtus Wealth Masters Fund C)

Virtus Horizon Wealth Masters Fund I (formerly, Virtus Wealth Masters Fund I)

Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund A (formerly Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund A)

Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund C (formerly Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund C)

Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund I (formerly Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund I)

Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund R6 (formerly Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund R6)

 

Investment Company : Virtus Retirement Trust  

 

Portfolios :

Virtus DFA 2015 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A

Virtus DFA 2015 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I

Virtus DFA 2015 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6

Virtus DFA 2020 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A

Virtus DFA 2020 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I

Virtus DFA 2020 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6

Virtus DFA 2025 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A

Virtus DFA 2025 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I

Virtus DFA 2025 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6

Virtus DFA 2030 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A

Virtus DFA 2030 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I

Virtus DFA 2030 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6

Virtus DFA 2035 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A

Virtus DFA 2035 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I

Virtus DFA 2035 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6

Virtus DFA 2040 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A

Virtus DFA 2040 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I

Virtus DFA 2040 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6

Virtus DFA 2045 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A

Virtus DFA 2045 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I

Virtus DFA 2045 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6

 

Virtus DFA 2050 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A

Virtus DFA 2050 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I

Virtus DFA 2050 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6

Virtus DFA 2055 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A

Virtus DFA 2055 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I

Virtus DFA 2055 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6

Virtus DFA 2060 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A

Virtus DFA 2060 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I

Virtus DFA 2060 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6

 

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Exhibit h.2.j

 

Execution Copy

 

Amendment

To

Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement

 

This Amendment To Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2018 (" Amendment "), is being entered into by and among BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (" BNYM "), Virtus Fund Services, LLC (" Company ") and each of the " Funds ", which is hereby defined to mean each of the Investment Companies and each Portfolio of each such Investment Company listed on Schedule B to the Current Agreement (as defined below).

 

Background

 

BNYM, certain of the Funds and VP Distributors, Inc., as transfer agent to the Funds, entered into the Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement as of April 15, 2011 (" Original Agreement "). VP Distributors, LLC, the surviving entity in a merger with VP Distributors, Inc. that was effective September 22, 2011, transferred all rights and obligations as transfer agent of the Funds under the Original Agreement to the Company pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption Agreement, effective as of January 1, 2013, among VP Distributors, LLC, the Company, certain of the Funds and BNYM (the Original Agreement as so assigned and amended being the " Assigned Agreement ").

 

BNYM, the Company and the Funds subsequently entered into amendments to the Assigned Agreement, dated as of March 21, 2014, June 1, 2014, August 19, 2014, November 12, 2014, March 24, 2015, May 28, 2015, September 1, 2015, December 10, 2015, July 27, 2016, February 1, 2017 and September 18, 2017 (the Assigned Agreement as so amended being the " Current Agreement ").

 

Pursuant to the Amendment to this Agreement dated June 1, 2014, this Agreement was extended until June 1, 2017. Pursuant to the Amendment dated February 1, 2017, this Agreement was further extended until August 31, 2017.  Pursuant to the Amendment dated September 18, 2017, this Agreement was further extended until December 31, 2017. BNYM, the Funds and the Company wish to amend the Current Agreement as set forth in this Amendment No. 5 to further extend the term and to update certain provisions of the Current Agreement.

 

Terms

 

NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree to all statements made above and as follows:

 

1.           Modifications to Current Agreement . The Current Agreement is amended as follows:

 

(a)         Section 3(f) is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

 

(f)            Personnel .  BNYM will use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the stability and continuity of BNYM's performance of the services to the Company and the Fund. As such, BNYM will maintain a primary U.S. based contact knowledgeable of Virtus’ business that will support and oversee the various transfer agent services defined within the Agreement.

 

(b)         Section 3(g) is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

 

(g)            Technology Services .

 

(1)       BNYM will provide the Technology Services (as defined below) to the Investment Companies and Funds considered collectively as whole (" Virtus Group ") for the Technology Hours (as defined below) utilizing the Technology Resources (as defined below), and will assign a manager to supervise the Technology Resources when performing the Technology Services. For purposes of the foregoing:

 

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Execution Copy

 

 

(i)      " Technology Services " means: all functions, tasks or services specifically designated in this Agreement for performance by the Technology Resources; all design, coding, development, testing and implementation activities associated with the BNYM System for mutually agreed-upon enhancements to the BNYM System; all updates and upgrades of the BNYM System attributable to requirements unique to the Virtus Group; all routine updates and upgrades to the BNYM System accelerated at the request of the Virtus Group; all technology activities associated with conversions and deconversions, fund events, reporting, file transfers to third parties, requests for books and records of the Virtus Group, and the voice response system; and all other technology-related services or activities that BNYM reasonably determines appropriate for the performance of the services in accordance with the Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, “Technology Services” does not mean anything that does not relate specifically to the Virtus Group.

 

(ii)     " Technology Hours " means 125 hours each calendar month allocated as evenly as practicable over each of the Business Days occurring during the particular calendar month.

 

(iii)    " Technology Resources " means the computer programmers, analysts, testers and computer system subject matter experts determined to be appropriate from time to time by BNYM for performance of particular Technology Services, up to a maximum of 2 individuals at any one time.

 

(2)           BNYM shall allocate the Technology Hours to be worked by computer programmers, analysts, testers and computer system subject matter experts on particular Technology Services, and shall allocate Technology Hours to particular Technology Services, in a manner that BNYM, acting in a commercially reasonable manner upon reasonable consultation with the Virtus Group, determines to be an effective allocation for performing all Technology Services in accordance with the priorities and timeframes that are mutually agreed to by BNYM and the Virtus Group (" Technology Allocations ").

 

(3)           In the event the Virtus Group requests in writing that BNYM provide Technology Services in excess of the Technology Allocation and the request cannot be fulfilled by revising the Technology Allocation in a manner mutually agreeable to the Virtus Group and BNYM, BNYM will engage in commercially reasonable measures as BNYM, in its sole discretion, determines to be appropriate under the circumstances given its firm commitments to other clients and resource availability in the labor markets to open requisitions for additional personnel in response to the request and to fill the open requisitions resulting from such request; provided , however , BNYM shall not be required to utilize persons employed or subcontracted by BNYM at the time of the request and who are not already working on Technology Services to provide the Technology Services for the additional requested hours. Additional Technology Services will be payable by the Virtus Group at the Customization Rate set forth in the Fee Agreement.

 

(c) Section 3(h) is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

 

(h)        Service Level Agreement. The service levels agreed upon by the Company and BNYM with respect to BNYM’s performance under Section 3(a) of this Agreement (“ Services ”) shall be set forth in a separate Service Level Agreement (“SLA Agreement”). The parties agree that the terms of the SLA may be amended from time to time by mutual written agreement. The terms of the SLA Agreement, as amended from time to time, shall apply as if fully set forth herein.

 

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Execution Copy

 

 

(d) Section 4(a) is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

 

(a)       Each party shall keep the Confidential Information (as defined in subsection (b) below) of the other party in confidence and will not use or disclose or allow access to or use of such Confidential Information except in connection with the activities contemplated by this Agreement as authorized by this Agreement or as otherwise expressly agreed in writing. Each party acknowledges that the Confidential Information of the disclosing party will remain the sole property of such party. In complying with the first sentence of this subsection (a), each party shall use at least the same degree of care it uses to protect its own confidential information, but in no event less than a commercially reasonable degree of care. For the avoidance of doubt, the parties agree that neither party shall be required to take commercially unreasonable measures to comply with this Section 4(a).

 

(e) Section 5 is deleted in its entirety, and replaced in its entirety with the following:

 

5.        Privacy . Each party hereto acknowledges and agrees that, subject to the reuse and re-disclosure provisions of Regulation S-P, 17 CFR Part 248.11, it shall not disclose the non-public personal information of investors in the Fund obtained under this Agreement, except disclosures appropriate to carrying out the activities contemplated by this Agreement or as otherwise permitted by law or regulation. BNYM agrees to implement and maintain appropriate security measures to protect "personal information", as that term is defined in 201 CMR 17.00: Standards For The Protection Of Personal Information Of Residents Of The Commonwealth (" Massachusetts Privacy Regulation "), consistent with the Massachusetts Privacy Regulation and any applicable federal regulations. BNYM will implement and maintain a comprehensive information security program with written policies and procedures reasonably designed to protect the confidentiality and integrity of the non-public personal information of the Fund's current and former shareholders. The information security program will contain administrative, technical and physical safeguards reasonably designed to: (i) protect the security and confidentiality of such information; (ii) protect against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of such information; (iii) protect against unauthorized access to or use of such information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to individuals, and (iv) provide for appropriate disposal of such information. The electronic delivery or transmission by BNYM to the Company or the Fund of any reports containing the non-public personal information of investors in the Fund shall be made only in accordance with BNYM's information security program. BNYM agrees to provide Company with an opportunity to review BNYM’s information security program, and BNYM further agrees to act in good faith to address any issues that Company may have regarding BNYM’s information security program. To the extent that BNYM delegates any duties or responsibilities under this Agreement, and pursuant to such delegation BNYM discloses the non-public personal information of investors in the Fund to such delegee, BNYM shall ensure that such delegee is contractually bound to confidentiality and security terms consistent with and no less stringent than the terms of this Section 5. The provisions of this Section 5 shall survive termination of this Agreement.

 

BNYM shall notify the Fund of any unauthorized access to or use of or loss or theft of unencrypted Personal Information from BNYM's computer systems, from persons or property under BNYM's control, or due to any act or failure to act of BNYM, which in all such cases causes, is reasonably believed to have caused or is reasonably believed to pose a material risk of harm to an affected individual, including identity theft and fraud, or would require notification to affected individuals under applicable law or regulatory guideline (" Security Incident ") as promptly as practicable after BNYM has determined after a reasonable investigation that a Security Incident has occurred and shall promptly take commercially reasonable measures (i) to prevent any further unauthorized access to or use of or loss or theft of unencrypted personal information due to the Security Incident, and (ii) to prevent a recurrence of the events or circumstances underlying the Security Incident.

 

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Execution Copy

 

 

(f) The words "bad faith" in the last sentence of Section 8 are deleted and replaced with “lack of good faith.”

 

(g) Section 11(a) is deleted in its entirety, and replaced with the following:

 

(a)       Subject to the terms of this Section 11 and Section 12, BNYM shall be liable hereunder to the Company and the Investment Companies considered as a whole (" Company Group ") (or any person or entity claiming through the Company Group), and the Company Group shall be liable hereunder to BNYM (or any person or entity claiming through BNYM) for Loss the recovery of which is not otherwise excluded by another provision of this Agreement only to the extent the Loss is caused by such party’s intentional misconduct, reckless disregard, fraud or negligence in the performance of its duties under this Agreement (" Standard of Care "), only if the claiming party provides the other party with written notice of the Loss containing a reasonably detailed description of the amount of Loss, the conduct alleged to have caused the Loss and the provision of the Agreement with respect to which the failure to comply or breach is alleged. In the absence of a finding to the contrary, the acceptance, processing and/or negotiation of a fraudulent payment for the purchase of Shares shall be presumed not to have been a failure of BNYM to meet its Standard of Care.

 

(h) Section 11(f) is deleted in its entirety, and replaced with the following:

 

(f)       NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THE AGREEMENT, EXCEPT SECTION 12, IN NO EVENT SHALL ANY PARTY HERETO, ITS AFFILIATES OR ANY OF ITS OR THEIR DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS OR SUBCONTRACTORS BE LIABLE UNDER ANY THEORY OF TORT, CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHER LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY FOR LOST PROFITS, FOR EXEMPLARY, PUNITIVE, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR FOR ANY OTHER DAMAGES WHICH ARE NOT DIRECT DAMAGES REGARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH DAMAGES WERE OR SHOULD HAVE BEEN FORESEEABLE AND REGARDLESS OF WHETHER ANY ENTITY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, ALL AND EACH OF WHICH DAMAGES IS HEREBY EXCLUDED BY AGREEMENT OF THE PARTIES. FOR PURPOSES OF CLARIFICATION: NO OTHER PROVISION OF THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE INTERPRETED TO CONDITION, LIMIT, MODIFY, NULLIFY OR OTHERWISE PREVAIL IN WHOLE OR IN PART OVER THIS SECTION 11(f) EXCEPT SECTION 12.

 

(i) Section 11(g) is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

 

(g)       No party may assert a claim or cause of action (or, if applicable, commence an arbitration or other alternate dispute resolution proceeding) relating to this Agreement against any other party hereto or any of its affiliates more than the period set forth below after the first event or occurrence comprising the conduct or alleged conduct upon which the cause of action is based:

 

  (i) Claims relating to provisions other than Section 5: 36 months
  (ii) Claims relating to Section 5: 36 months

 

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Execution Copy

 

 

(j) New Sections 11(k), (l), (m) and (n) are hereby added to the Current Agreement as follows:

 

(k)       If BNYM becomes aware of a matter that involves a check or draft drawn by a shareholder or a check or draft issued to a shareholder (or alternate payee) that is alleged to be fraudulently endorsed, with respect to which a signature guarantee, signature validation or other guarantee or certification is alleged to be fraudulently procured or tendered, or that involves any other matter relating to a payment instrument or system that may give rise to a claim under the Uniform Commercial Code as adopted by a particular State or Territory of the United States (" UCC ") or under a signature guarantee or other program, such as the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program, based on whole or in part on provisions of the UCC (" UCC Program "), BNYM will take commercially reasonable measures to investigate the matter (" Check Matter ") and if its fraud investigators reasonably determine at any time based solely on facts discovered during the investigation that a shareholder or the Fund may possess a valid claim under the UCC or otherwise to recover any amount from a bank or other financial institution expressly subject to the UCC, BNYM will when considered commercially reasonable under the UCC take measures to file a claim on behalf of a Fund for recovery of the relevant amount with the appropriate party (" Initial Claim "). BNYM will inform the Fund if the claim is denied in whole or in part, if any recovery is made or if BNYM gets no response to the claim, and in the event of any recovery will consult with the Fund with respect to the depositing of the recovered amount in a Service Account, the crediting of a shareholder account or any other appropriate conduct, and will provide reasonable cooperation at the Fund's cost and expense with any actions the Fund may subsequently elect to take to seek any further recovery. Absent conduct for which BNYM is liable under Section 11 in BNYM's processing of any underlying transaction, as between a Fund and BNYM, the Fund shall be solely responsible for any amounts not recovered or not capable of being recovered in a Check Matter, any market exposure (gain or loss) experienced by a shareholder or the Fund as a result of a Check Matter, any fraud or similar conduct not constituting a Check Matter or involving a forged or unauthorized drawer signature or altered instrument, and all costs and expenses of seeking any recovery in a Check Matter other than costs associated with filing any Initial Claim. This Section 11(k) sets forth the sole responsibility of BNYM with respect to the matters addressed herein.

 

(l)       BNYM shall be entitled to rely on, and engage in conduct based upon, its reasonable interpretation of " Legal Authority " (which is hereby defined to mean all laws and all regulations, rules, legal process and other acts and communications of an official nature of governmental, quasi-governmental bodies, regulatory and self-regulatory bodies) and “Legal Counsel” (which is hereby defined to mean the reasoned analysis, advice or opinion of a law firm with an office in Washington D.C. or New York, NY and a Securities Law department or practice group), including such reliance and conduct in circumstances when available Legal Authority is in conflict or does not provide unambiguous precedent or guidance. BNYM may rely and act in accordance with its reasonable interpretation of Legal Counsel notwithstanding the existence or availability of a differing legal analysis, advice or opinions or of different interpretations of the relevant Legal Authority. For the avoidance of doubt, such conduct is included within the conduct described in clause (b) of Section 12 and the rights described in Section 12 apply in the event the Fund requests that BNYM engage in conduct other than in accordance with BNYM's reasonable interpretation of Legal Authority or Legal Counsel and BNYM engages in such conduct.

 

(m)       In connection with any legal action by one party to this Agreement against another party to this Agreement where one party files papers initiating the legal action in a court of law or equity (" Litigation Dispute "), no party to this Agreement shall be liable to any other party to this Agreement for any costs or expenses of any nature related to legal counsel or legal representation, including without limitation costs and expenses associated with litigation, court costs, costs of arbitration, discovery, experts, settlement and investigation that arise in connection with a Litigation Dispute.  Each party shall bear its own such costs and expenses related to a Litigation Dispute.

 

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(n)       The following events shall be the responsibility of the Fund and shall be presumed not to constitute breach by BNYM of its Standard of Care provided BNYM reasonably complies with applicable written procedures:

 

(i)       The acceptance, processing, negotiation or crediting to an account of a fraudulent payment (such as a check, permissible cash equivalent, ACH transfer, wire transfer) for the purchase of Shares; or

 

(ii)       Multiple deposit, negotiation or other taking possession of the proceeds of a distribution, such as a deposit through a mobile checking application combined with the cashing of a payment instrument at a check cashing agency.

 

(k) Section 11(k) in the Current Agreement is hereby relettered as Section 11(o).

 

(l) Section 12 is hereby deleted in its entirety, and replaced in its entirety with the following:

 

12.        Indemnification. Except with respect to matters where BNYM has breached its Standard of Care, the Fund agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless BNYM and its affiliates, and to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Custodian and its affiliates in connection with services it provides pursuant to Section 3(a)(12), and the respective directors, trustees, officers, agents and employees of each, from any and all Losses and all attorneys’ fees, court costs, travel costs and other reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses related to the investigation, discovery, litigation, settlement, mediation or alternative dispute resolution of any Claim arising directly or indirectly from: (a) conduct of the Company or a Fund in connection with activities contemplated by this Agreement, or the conduct of a Company or Fund contractor, subcontractor or prior service provider in connection with providing services to the Company or a Fund; (b) conduct of BNYM as agent of the Company or a Fund not constituting a breach of its Standard of Care; (c) conduct of BNYM pursuant to a Fund Communication or in reliance on written legal analysis or advice, provided BNYM's performance of the conduct shall remain subject to the Standard of Care; (d) a course of conduct taken by BNYM pursuant to Section 10(i) due to a Response Failure; and (e) a Fund Error. Except with respect to matters where BNYM has breached its Standard of Care, BNYM shall have no liability to the Company or any person claiming through the Company for any Loss caused in whole or in part by any conduct described in the preceding sentence. This Section 12 shall survive termination of this Agreement.

 

(m) The Current Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Section 13(b) and replacing it in its entirety with the following:

 

(b)        This Agreement shall automatically renew on the final day of the Initial Term for an additional term which will continue until September 18, 2022, and thereafter the Agreement shall automatically renew on each anniversary of September 18, 2022 for a one year period (each of the automatic renewal terms being a " Renewal Term "), unless the Company, the Fund or BNYM gives written notice to each other party of its intent not to renew and such notice is received by each other party not less than sixty (60) days prior to the expiration of the then-current Renewal Term (a " Non- Renewal Notice "). In the event a party provides a Non-Renewal Notice, this Agreement shall terminate at 11:59 PM (Eastern Time) on the last day of the Renewal Term. A Non-Renewal Notice from the Company shall constitute notice of termination of the Agreement in its entirety for the Company and all Funds and a Non-Renewal Notice from a Fund shall constitute a notice of termination of the Agreement solely with respect to the Fund providing the Non-Renewal Notice.

 

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(n) Section 20(a) is hereby deleted in its entirety, and replaced in its entirety with the following:

 

(a)      Entire Agreement .  This Agreement, including other agreements or documents specifically referenced herein, embodies the final, complete, exclusive and fully integrated record of the agreement of the parties on the subject matter herein and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings relating to such subject matter, provided that the parties may embody in one or more separate documents their agreement, if any, with respect to delegated duties.

 

(o) Schedule A is hereby deleted in its entirety, and replaced with the Schedule A attached hereto.

 

2.            Remainder of Current Agreement . Except as specifically modified by this Amendment, all terms and conditions of the Current Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

 

3.            Governing Law . The governing law of the Current Agreement shall be the governing law of this Amendment.

 

4.            Entire Agreement . This Amendment constitutes the final, complete, exclusive and fully integrated record of the agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter herein and the amendment of the Current Agreement.

 

5.            Facsimile Signatures; Counterparts . This Amendment may be executed in one more counterparts; such execution of counterparts may occur by manual signature, facsimile signature, manual signature transmitted by means of facsimile transmission or manual signature contained in an imaged document attached to an email transmission; and each such counterpart executed in accordance with the foregoing shall be deemed an original, with all such counterparts together constituting one and the same instrument. The exchange of executed copies of this Amendment or of executed signature pages to this Amendment by facsimile transmission or as an imaged document attached to an email transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery hereof and may be used for all purposes in lieu of a manually executed copy of this Amendment.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed by their duly authorized officers, as of the day and year first above written.

 

BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc.   Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust
      Virtus Asset Trust
By: /s/ Armando Fernandez   Virtus Equity Trust
      Virtus Insight Trust
Name: Armando Fernandez   Virtus Opportunities Trust
      Virtus Retirement Trust
Title: Vice President   On behalf of each Fund in its individual and
  separate capacity, and not on behalf of any
      other Fund
         
      By: /s/ Heidi Griswold
         
Virtus Fund Services, LLC   Name: Heidi Griswold
         
By: /s/ Heidi Griswold   Title: VP, Mutual Fund Services
         
Name: Heidi Griswold      
         
Title: VP, Mutual Fund Services      

 

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Execution Copy

 

 

SCHEDULE A

 

Definitions

 

As used in this Agreement:

 

" 1933 Act " means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

" 1934 Act " means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

" 1940 Act " means Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

 

" Affiliate " means an entity controlled by, controlling or under common control with the subject entity, with “control” for this purpose defined to mean direct or beneficial ownership of 50% or more of the equity interests of an entity and possession of the power to elect 50% or more of the entity's directors, trustees or similar persons performing policy-making functions.

 

" Authorized Person " means Company Authorized Persons and Fund Authorized Persons considered collectively or individually. Any limitation on the authority of an Authorized Person to give Instructions must be expressly set forth in a written document signed by BNYM and the party imposing the restriction.

 

" BNY Mellon Bank " means The Bank of New York Mellon, a New York chartered commercial bank and affiliate of BNYM, and its lawful successors and assigns.

 

" Claim " means any claim, demand, suit, action, obligation, liability, suit, controversy, breach, proceeding or allegation of any nature, including any threat of any of the foregoing (including but not limited to those arising out of or related to this Agreement) and regardless of the form of action or legal theory or forum.

 

" Code " means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 

" Company Authorized Person " means any officer of the Company and any other person duly authorized by the Company in a manner reasonably satisfactory to BNYM to give Instructions on behalf of the Company.

 

" conduct " or " course of conduct " means a single act, two or more acts, a single instance of an action not being taken or of forbearance given, two or more instances of an action not being taken or of forbearance given, or any combination of the foregoing.

 

" FinCEN " means the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

 

" Fund Authorized Person " means any officer of a Fund and any other person duly authorized by the Fund in a manner reasonably satisfactory to BNYM to give Instructions on behalf of the Fund.

 

" Fund Error " means the Fund or a third party acting on behalf of the Fund or conveying Fund data or information committing an error, furnishing inaccurate, incorrect or incomplete data or information to BNYM or PFPC Trust or by other act or omission requiring Remediation.

 

" Fund Shares " (see "Shares")

 

" Instructions " means Oral Instructions and Written Instructions considered collectively or individually.

 

" Intellectual Property Rights " means copyright, patent, trade secret, trademark and any other proprietary or intellectual property rights.

 

  Page 8  

 

 

Execution Copy

 

 

" Investment Company " means an entity registered with the SEC under the 1940 Act as an open end investment company.

 

" Loss " and " Losses " means any one, or any series of related, losses, costs, damages, expenses, awards, judgments, assessments, fines, penalties, payments, reimbursements, adverse consequences, liabilities or obligations of any nature, including without limitation any of the foregoing arising out of any Claim and all costs of litigation or threatened litigation such as but not limited to court costs, costs of counsel, discovery, experts, settlement and investigation.

 

" Loss Date " means the date of occurrence of the event or circumstance causing a particular Loss, or the date of occurrence of the first event or circumstance in a series of events or circumstances causing a particular Loss.

 

" Oral Instructions " means oral instructions received by BNYM from an Authorized Person or from a person reasonably believed by BNYM to be an Authorized Person. BNYM may, in its sole discretion in each separate instance, consider and rely upon instructions it receives from an Authorized Person via electronic mail as Oral Instructions.

 

" PFPC Trust " means PFPC Trust Company, an affiliate of BNYM, and its lawful successors and assigns.

 

" Portfolio " means each separate subdivision of the Investment Company, whether characterized or structured as a portfolio, class, tier, series or otherwise.

 

" Remediation Services " means the additional services required to be provided hereunder by BNYM or PFPC Trust in connection with a Fund Error in order to correct, remediate, adjust, reprocess, repeat, reverse or otherwise modify conduct previously taken in accordance with the Agreement to achieve the outcome originally intended by the previous conduct.

 

" SEC " means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

" Securities Laws " means the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act and the 1940 Act.

 

" Service Effective Date " means the date, following the completion of all implementation services, in the event the Fund is a new start-up Fund, or following the completion of all conversion services, in the event BNYM will be providing services to the Fund as a successor to a prior service provider, that the first live transaction is processed by the BNYM System for the Fund on a production basis.

 

" Shareholder Materials " means the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional information and any other materials relating to the Fund provided to Fund shareholders by the Fund.

 

" Shares " or " Fund Shares " means the shares or other units of beneficial interest of each Fund.

 

" Written Instructions " means (1) written instructions (i) which are signed by a Company Authorized Person (or a person reasonably believed by BNYM to be an Company Authorized Person), and if the written instructions apply to a specific Fund, written instructions signed by a Fund Authorized Person of the relevant Fund (or a person reasonably believed by BNYM to be such a Fund Authorized Person), (ii) which are agreed to in writing by BNYM on the instrument containing the written instructions, (iii) which are addressed to and received by BNYM, and (iv) which are delivered by (A) hand (personally delivery by the Authorized Person), (B) private messenger, U.S. Postal Service or overnight national courier which provides confirmation of receipt with respect to the particular delivery, or (C) facsimile sending device which provides automatic confirmation of the standard details of receipt, or (2) trade instructions transmitted to and received by BNYM by means of an electronic transaction reporting system which requires use of a password or other authorized identifier in order to gain access.

 

  Page 9  

 

 

Execution Copy

 

 

INDEX OF DEFINED TERMS

(excludes terms defined in Schedule D solely for Schedule D)

 

Term Location
1933 Act Schedule A
1934 Act Schedule A
1940 Act Schedule A
314(a) Procedures § 3(b)(4)
403(b) Accounts § 3(a)(12)(E)
Account Schedule C, § (b)(i)(G)
Account Documentation § 3(a)(12)(C)(iii)
Affiliate Schedule A
Agreement Preamble
AML § 3(b)(l)
AML Services § 3(b)
Applicable Laws § 20(k)
Appropriate List Matching Data § 3(b)(5)(C)
Audit Report Schedule C, § (b)(iv)
Authorized Person Schedule A
BNY Mellon Bank Schedule A
BNYM Preamble
BNYM System § 7
Bona Fide Reason § 10(c)
Breach Notice § 13(c)
Breach Termination Notice § 13(c)
Change in Control § 13(d)(iv)
Check Matter § 11(k)
CIP Regulations § 3(b)(3)(A)
Claim Schedule A
Code Schedule A
Company Preamble
conduct Schedule A
Confidential Information § 4(b)
Company Authorized Person Schedule A
Company Group § 11(a)
Comparison Results § 3(b)(4)
Controls Schedule C, § (b)(i)
Conversion Actions § 13(e)
Conversion Expenses § 13(e)
course of conduct Schedule A
Covered Account Schedule C, § (b)(i)(F)
Covered Person Schedule C, § (b)(i)(D)
Custodian § 3(a)(12)(C)
Customer § 3(b)(3)(A)(i)
Custodied Account § 3(a)(12)(C)
Data Elements § 3(b)(3)(A)(i)
Day 2 Services § 3(l)
Defaulting Party § 13(c)
Direct Account Schedule C, § (b)(i)(E)
Director § 3(b)(5)(A)(iii)
Dissolution Event § 9(g)
Early Termination § 13(d)
Early Termination Fee § 13(d)(ii)(A)

 

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Execution Copy

 

Early Termination Fee Multiple § 13(d)(ii)(A)
Effective Date Preamble
Eligible Assets § 3(a)(12)(A)(i)
Event Beyond Reasonable Control § 11(d)
Exception Research § 14(b)(i)
Exception Services § 14(b)
Excess SDFS Amount § 9(b)(ii)(B)
External Research § 10(d)(i)
Fee Agreement § 9(a)
Fees § 9(a)
FFI Regulations § 3(b)(2)(A)
Final Distribution § 9(h)
Final Expenses § 9(h)
FinCEN Schedule A
Foreign Financial Institution § 3(b)(2)(A)(i)
Form § 10(b)
Fund Background
Fund Applicable Laws § 3(b)(11)
Fund Authorized Person Schedule A
Fund Communication § 10(g)
Fund Custodian § 3(a)(1)(xiii)
Fund Data § 3(b)(5)(A)
Fund Error Schedule A
Fund Registry Schedule C, § (b)(i)(C)
Fund Shares Schedule A
Identity Theft Schedule C, § (b)(i)(B)
Industry Standard § 14(a)
Information Requests § 3(b)(4)
Initial Claim § 11(k)
Initial Term § 13(a)
Instructions Schedule A
Intellectual Property Rights Schedule A
Internal Research § 10(d)(i)
Investment Company Preamble
Legal Authority § 11(l)
Legal Counsel § 11(l)
Legal Process § 3(b)(6)
Litigation Dispute § 11(m)
Loss, Losses Schedule A
Loss Date Schedule A
Lost Shareholder Rule § 3(a)(11)(A)
Massachusetts Privacy Regulation § 5
Material Event § 3(a)(12)(C)(i)
NCCT List § 3(b)(5)(A)(ii)
Non-Defaulting Party § 13(c)
Non-Renewal Notice § 13(b)
Non-Standard Instruction § 10(c)
OFAC § 3(b)(5)(A)(i)
OFAC Lists § 3(b)(5)(A)(i)
Oral Instructions Schedule A
Participants § 3(a)(12)(A)(ii)
PFPC Trust Schedule A
PMLC Determination § 3(b)(5)(A)(iii)

 

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Execution Copy

 

 

Portfolio Schedule A
Possible Identity Theft Schedule C, § (b)(iii)
Prior Provider De-Conversion Expenses § 13(d)(ii)(B)
Red Flag Schedule C, § (b)(i)(A)
Red Flags Requirements Schedule C, § (c)
Red Flags Section Schedule C, § (a)
Red Flags Services Schedule C, § (b)
Registered Owner Schedule C, § (b)(i)(C)
Reimbursable Expenses § 9(a)
Related Materials § 3(a)(12)(C)(iv)
Related Parties § 3(a)(12)(C)(iii)
Remediation Services Schedule A
Removed Assets § 13(d)(vi)
Renewal Term § 13(b)
Research § 10(d)(i)
Response Failure § 10(i)
SAR § 3(b)(7)
SAR Confidential Information § 3(b)(7)
SDFS Accounts § 9(b)(ii)(A)
SEC Schedule A
Securities Data § 11(i)
Securities Laws Schedule A
Service Accounts § 9(b)
Service Effective Date Schedule A
Service Indemnifications § 20(m)
Service Levels § 3 (h)(a)
Services § 3(h)(a)
Shareholder Materials Schedule A
Shares Schedule A
SLA Failure § 3(h)(b)(1)
Standard Instructions § 10(b)
Standard of Care § 11(a)
Tax Favored Account § 3(a)(12)(A)(iii)
Technology Allocations § (3)(f)(2)
Technology Hours § (3)(f)(1)(ii)
Technology Resources § (3)(f)(1)(iii)
Technology Services § (3)(f)(1)(i)
Third Party Institution § 9(b)
UCC § 11(k)
UCC Program § 11(k)
U.S. Government Lists § 3(b)(5)(A)
UCITA § 20(f)
Virtus Group § (3)(f)(1)
Written Instructions Schedule A
Written Procedures § 14(a)

 

[End of Schedule A]

 

  Page 12  

 

 

Exhibit h.4.l

 

EXECUTION

 

JOINDER AGREEMENT AND AMENDMENT

TO

SUB-ADMINISTRATION AND ACCOUNTING SERVICES AGREEMENT

 

This Joinder Agreement and Amendment dated September 21 , 2017 and effective October 9, 2017 is by and among Virtus Fund Services, LLC (“Company”), the trusts known as Virtus Mutual Funds listed on Exhibit A, Virtus Variable Insurance Trust and Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (each, a “Fund” and together, the “Funds”) and The Bank of New York Mellon (as assigned from BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. on or about June 30, 2017) (“BNY Mellon”).

 

BACKGROUND:

 

A. Company, Virtus Mutual Funds and BNY Mellon are parties to a Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated as of January 1, 2010, as amended (the “Agreement”), relating to BNY Mellon’s provision of certain sub-administration and accounting services to the Funds’ investment portfolios listed on Exhibit B to the Agreement (each, a “Portfolio”). Joinder Agreements and Amendments to the Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement were entered into among the parties on February 24, 2014, December 10, 2015, July 27, 2016 and April __, 2017 for the purpose of amending the Agreement and adding or removing certain Funds.

 

B. The parties desire to amend the Agreement as set forth herein.

 

C. This Background section is incorporated by reference into and made a part of this Amendment.

 

TERMS:

 

The parties hereby agree that:

 

1. By executing this Agreement, Company, each Fund and BNY Mellon agree to become a party to, and be bound by, and to comply with the terms of the Agreement in the same manner as if each of the undersigned were an original signatory to the Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, each investment company listed at Exhibit A shall be considered to have a separate agreement with Company and BNY Mellon and hereby appoints BNY Mellon to provide administration and accounting services in accordance with the terms set forth in the Agreement. BNY Mellon accepts such appointment and agrees to furnish such services

 

2. The first and second sentences in Section 15 of the Agreement, as amended by the Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated April __, 2017, are hereby deleted and replaced with the following:

 

“This Agreement shall continue through October 9, 2022 (the “Initial Term”). Thereafter, this Agreement shall continue automatically for a successive term of one (1) year (“Renewal Term”); provided however, that this Agreement may be terminated at the end of its Initial Term or any subsequent date by BNY Mellon upon 90 days’ prior written notice to the other parties, and by Company or the Funds upon 60 days’ prior written notice to BNY Mellon.”

 

 

 

 

EXECUTION

 

3. The second paragraph of Section 15 of the Agreement, as amended by the Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated April __, 2017, is hereby deleted and replaced with the following:

 

“In addition, Company may terminate this Agreement prior to the end of the Initial Term or any Renewal Term in accordance with the Service Level Standards dated October 9, 2017 as agreed to among the parties.”

 

4. For clarity, as of the effective date of this Amendment the Agreement shall be deemed to be in its “Initial Term” (as defined in Section 1 above) rather than in a “Renewal Term.”

 

5. Exhibit A to the Agreement shall be amended and restated as attached hereto.

 

6. Exhibit B to the Agreement shall be amended and restated as attached hereto.

 

7. Miscellaneous.

 

(a) As amended and supplemented hereby, the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

 

(b) This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. The facsimile signature of any party to this Amendment shall constitute the valid and binding execution hereof by such party.

 

 

[Signature page follows.]

 

 

 

 

EXECUTION

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF , each party hereto has caused this Amendment to be executed by its duly authorized representatives designated below as of the day and year first above written.

 

THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON

 

By: _ /s/ Armando Fernandez _
Name: _ Armando Fernandez ___
Title: _ Vice President ________

 

VIRTUS FUND SERVICES, LLC

 

By: _ /s/ Amy Hackett _______
Name: __ Amy Hackett ________
Title: _ VP __________________

 

VIRTUS MUTUAL FUNDS:

VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST

VIRTUS ASSET TRUST

VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST

VIRTUS OPPORTUNITIES TRUST

VIRTUS RETIREMENT TRUST

VIRTUS VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST

 

By: _ /s/ Amy Hackett _______
Name: __ Amy Hackett ________
Title: _ VP __________________

 

 

 

 

EXECUTION

 

EXHIBIT A

 

THIS EXHIBIT A, dated ____________, 2017 is Exhibit A to that certain Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated as of January 1, 2010, as amended, by and among Virtus Fund Services, LLC, the investment companies as listed below and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc.

 

FUNDS

 

VIRTUS MUTUAL FUNDS

Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust

Virtus Asset Trust

Virtus Equity Trust

Virtus Opportunities Trust

Virtus Retirement Trust

Virtus Variable Insurance Trust

 

 

 

 

EXECUTION

 

EXHIBIT B

 

THIS EXHIBIT B, dated ___________ ___, 2017 is Exhibit B to that certain Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated as of January 1, 2010, as amended, by and among Virtus Services, LLC, each of the investment companies and the Portfolios listed below and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc.

 

PORTFOLIOS

 

Virtus Asset Trust

Virtus Ceredex Large-Cap Value Equity Fund

 

Virtus Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity Fund

 

Virtus Ceredex Small-Cap Value Equity Fund

 

Virtus Silvant Large-Cap Growth Stock Fund

 

Virtus Silvant Small-Cap Growth Stock Fund

 

Virtus Zevenbergen Innovative Growth Stock Fund

 

Virtus WCM International Equity Fund

 

Virtus Conservative Allocation Strategy Fund

 

Virtus Growth Allocation Strategy Fund

 

Virtus Seix U.S. Mortgage Fund

 

Virtus Seix Limited Duration Fund

 

Virtus Seix Core Bond Fund

 

Virtus Seix Corporate Bond Fund

 

Virtus Seix Total Return Bond Fund

 

Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond Fund

 

Virtus Seix U.S. Government Securities Ultra-Short Bond Fund

 

Virtus Seix Ultra-Short Bond Fund

 

Virtus Seix Floating Rate High Income Fund

 

Virtus Seix High Income Fund

 

Virtus Seix High Yield Fund

 

Virtus Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond Fund

 

Virtus Seix High Grade Municipal Bond Fund

 

Virtus Seix Investment Grade Tax-Exempt Bond Fund

 

Virtus Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond Fund

 

Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond Fund

 

Virtus Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund

 

 

 

 

EXECUTION

 

Virtus Equity Trust

Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Balanced Fund)

 

Virtus Contrarian Value Fund

 

Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Growth & Income Fund)

 

Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Mid-Cap Core Fund)

 

Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund)

 

Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund

(formerly Virtus Quality Large-Cap Value Fund*)

 

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Quality Small-Cap Fund)

 

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund)

 

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund)

 

Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund*

(formerly Virtus Strategic Growth*)

Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund*

 

Virtus Opportunities Trust

Virtus Newfleet Bond Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Bond Fund)

 

Virtus Newfleet CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund*

(formerly, Virtus CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund)

 

Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund)

 

Virtus KAR Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund)

 

Virtus Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund)

 

Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Infrastructure Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Global Infrastructure Fund)

 

Virtus Vontobel Global Opportunities Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Global Opportunities Fund)

 

Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Global Real Estate Securities Fund)

 

Virtus Vontobel Greater European Opportunities Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Greater European Opportunities Fund)

 

 

 

 

EXECUTION

 

Virtus Herzfeld Fund*

 

Virtus Newfleet High Yield Fund*

(formerly, Virtus High Yield Fund)

 

Virtus Duff & Phelps International Equity Fund*

(formerly, Virtus International Equity Fund)

 

Virtus Duff & Phelps International Real Estate Securities Fund*

(formerly, Virtus International Real Estate Securities Fund)

 

Virtus KAR International Small Cap Fund*

(formerly, Virtus International Small Cap Fund)

 

Virtus Horizon International Wealth Masters Fund

(formerly, Virtus International Wealth Masters Fund)

 

Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Low Duration Income Fund)

 

Virtus Rampart Low Volatility Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Low Volatility Equity Fund*)

 

Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund)

 

Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund)

 

Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund)

 

Virtus Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Senior Floating Rate Fund)

 

Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Tax-Exempt Bond Fund)

 

Virtus Horizon Wealth Masters Fund*

(formerly, Virtus Wealth Masters Fund)

 

Virtus Alternatives Diversifier Fund*

 

Virtus Sector Trend Fund

 

Virtus Equity Trend Fund

 

Virtus Multi-Asset Trend Fund

 

Virtus Global Equity Trend Fund

 

Virtus Retirement Trust

Virtus DFA 2015 Target Date Retirement Income Fund

 

Virtus DFA 2020 Target Date Retirement Income Fund

 

Virtus DFA 2025 Target Date Retirement Income Fund

 

Virtus DFA 2030 Target Date Retirement Income Fund

 

Virtus DFA 2035 Target Date Retirement Income Fund

 

Virtus DFA 2040 Target Date Retirement Income Fund

 

 

 

 

 

EXECUTION

 

Virtus DFA 2045 Target Date Retirement Income Fund

 

Virtus DFA 2050 Target Date Retirement Income Fund

 

Virtus DFA 2055 Target Date Retirement Income Fund

 

Virtus DFA 2060 Target Date Retirement Income Fund

 

VIRTUS VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST

Virtus KAR Capital Growth Series*

(formerly, Virtus Capital Growth Series)

 

Virtus Growth & Income Series*

 

Virtus Duff & Phelps International Series*

(formerly, Virtus International Series)

 

Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Series*

(formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Fixed Income Series)

 

Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Series

 

Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Series*

(formerly, Virtus Real Estate Securities Series)

 

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Series*

(formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Growth Series)

 

Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Series*

(formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Value Series)

 

Virtus Strategic Allocation Series*

 

VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST

Virtus Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund

(formerly, Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund)

 

Virtus Duff & Phelps Select MLP Energy Fund

(formerly, Virtus Select MLP and Energy Fund)

 

Virtus Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund

(formerly, Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund)

 

 

*For those Portfolios denoted with an asterisk, BNY Mellon performed the regulatory administration services described in Section 14(b) of the Agreement through April 15, 2014. Thereafter, BNY Mellon ceased performing regulatory administration services under the Agreement.

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit h.5

 

REVISED FIFTEENTH AMENDED AND RESTATED

EXPENSE LIMITATION AGREEMENT

 

VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST

 

This Revised Fifteenth Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement (the “Agreement”), effective as of July 31, 2017, amends and restates that certain Fifteenth Amended & Restated Expense Limitation Agreement effective as of July 31, 2017, by and between Virtus Equity Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Registrant”), on behalf of each series of the Registrant listed in Appendix A (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) and the Adviser of each of the Funds, Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc., a Massachusetts corporation (the “Adviser”).

 

WHEREAS, the Adviser renders advice and services to the Funds pursuant to the terms and provisions of one or more Investment Advisory Agreements entered into between the Registrant and the Adviser (the “Advisory Agreement”);

 

WHEREAS, the Adviser desires to maintain the expenses of each Fund at a level below the level to which each such Fund might otherwise be subject; and

 

WHEREAS, the Adviser understands and intends that the Registrant will rely on this Agreement in accruing the expenses of the Registrant for purposes of calculating net asset value and for other purposes, and expressly permits the Registrant to do so.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 

1. Limit on Fund Expenses. The Adviser has agreed to limit the respective rate of Total Fund Operating Expenses (“Expense Limit”) for each Fund as specified in Appendix A of this Agreement, for the time period indicated.

 

2. Definitions.

 

2.1. For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Total Fund Operating Expenses” with respect to a Fund is defined to include all expenses necessary or appropriate for the operation of the Fund including the Adviser’s investment advisory or management fee under the Advisory Agreement and other expenses described in the Advisory Agreement that the Fund is responsible for and have not been assumed by the Adviser, but excludes front-end or contingent deferred loads, taxes, leverage expenses, interest, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, unusual or infrequently occurring expenses (such as litigation), acquired fund fees and expenses, and dividend expenses, if any.

 

3. Recoupment and Recapture of Fees and Expenses. Each Fund has agreed to reimburse the Adviser and/or certain of its affiliates (collectively, “Virtus”) out of assets belonging to the relevant class of the Fund for any Total Fund Operating Expenses of the relevant class of the Fund in excess of the Expense Limit paid, waived or assumed by Virtus for that Fund, provided that Virtus would not be entitled to reimbursement for any amount that would cause Total Fund Operating Expenses to exceed either the Expense Limit in place at the time of the applicable waiver or assumption of expenses by Virtus or, if less, any contractual Expense Limit in place at the time that the reimbursement would be made, and provided further that no amount would be reimbursed by the Fund more than three years after the date on which it was incurred or waived by Virtus. The terms, conditions and rights of this section shall survive any termination of this Agreement.

 

 

 

 

4. Term, Termination and Modification. This Agreement is effective for the time period indicated on Appendix A, unless sooner terminated as provided below in this Paragraph. This Agreement may be terminated by mutual agreement of the parties at any time or by the Registrant on behalf of any one or more of the Funds upon thirty (30) days’ written notice to the Adviser. In addition, this Agreement shall terminate with respect to a Fund upon termination of the Advisory Agreement with respect to such Fund.

 

5. Assignment. This Agreement and all rights and obligations hereunder may not be assigned without the written consent of the other party.

 

6. Severability. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute or rule, or shall otherwise be rendered invalid, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby.

 

7. Captions. The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define or limit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect.

 

8. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of Delaware without giving effect to the conflict of laws principles thereof; provided that nothing herein shall be construed to preempt, or to be inconsistent with, any Federal securities law, regulation or rule, including the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended and any rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

9. Computation. If the fiscal year-to-date Total Fund Operating Expenses of a Fund or Other Expenses, as applicable, at the end of any month during which this Agreement is in effect exceed the Expense Limit for that Fund (the “Excess Amount”), the Adviser shall (at its option) waive or reduce its fee under the Advisory Agreement and/or remit to that Fund an amount that is sufficient to pay the Excess Amount computed on the last day of the month.

 

10. Liability. Virtus agrees that it shall look only to the assets of the relevant class of each respective relevant Fund for performance of this Agreement and for payment of any claim Virtus may have hereunder, and neither any other Fund (including the other series of the Registrant) or class of the Fund, nor any of the Registrant’s trustees, officers, employees, agents or shareholders, whether past, present or future, shall be personally liable therefor.

 

 

 

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed by their duly authorized officers.

 

VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST   VIRTUS INVESTMENT ADVISERS, INC.
         
By: /s/ W. Patrick Bradley   By: /s/ Francis G. Waltman
  W. Patrick Bradley     Francis G. Waltman
  Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer     Executive Vice President

 

 

 

 

APPENDIX A

 

Contractual Expense Limitations*

 

Virtus Mutual Fund   Total Fund Operating Expense Limit     Term
   

Class

A

   

Class

C

   

Class

I

   

Class

R6

   

Class

T

     
                                   
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund     1.48 %     2.23 %     1.23 %     1.06 %     1.48 %   Through July 31, 2018
Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund     1.47 %     2.22 %     1.22 %           1.47 %   Through July 31, 2018
Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund     1.35 %     2.10 %     1.10 %           1.35 %   Through July 31, 2018
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund     1.20 %     1.95 %     0.95 %           1.20 %   Through July 31, 2018
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund     1.40 %     2.15 %     1.15 %           1.40 %   Through July 31, 2018
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund     1.50 %     2.25 %     1.25 %           1.50 %   Through July 31, 2018
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund     1.42 %     2.17 %     1.17 %     1.06 %     1.42 %   Through July 31, 2018
Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund     1.20 %     1.95 %     0.95 %           1.20 %   Through July 31, 2018

 

*Following the contractual period, VIA may discontinue these arrangements at any time. Under certain conditions, the adviser may recapture operating expenses reimbursed under these arrangements for a period of three years after the date on which it was incurred or waived by Virtus.

 

 

 

 

Exhibit n.1

 

VIRTUS FUNDS

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED

PLAN PURSUANT TO RULE 18f-3

under the

INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940

 

INTRODUCTION

 

The Purpose of this Plan is to specify the attributes of the classes of shares of the funds of Virtus Funds including the expense allocations, conversion features and exchange features of each class, as required by Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"). The Virtus Funds are comprised of several trusts (each a “Trust” and collectively the “Trusts”) which in turn are comprised of a number of funds (each a “Fund” and collectively the “Funds”) offering various classes of shares, all of which are listed on the attached Schedule A. In general, shares of each class will have the same rights and obligations except for one or more expense variables (which will result in different yields, dividends and net asset values for the different classes), certain related voting and other rights, exchange privileges, conversion rights and class designation.

 

GENERAL FEATURES OF THE CLASSES

 

Shares of each class of a Fund of the Trusts shall represent an equal pro rata interest in such Fund and, generally, shall have identical voting, dividend, liquidation and other rights, preferences, powers, restrictions, limitations, qualifications, designations and terms and conditions, except that: (a) each class shall have a different designation; (b) each class shall bear any class expenses; (c) each class shall have exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to its arrangement and each class shall have separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of any other class; and (d) each class may have different exchange and/or conversion features.

 

ALLOCATION OF INCOME AND EXPENSES

 

i. General.

 

The gross income, realized and unrealized capital gains and losses and expenses (other than Class Expenses, as defined below) of each Fund shall be allocated to each class on the basis of its net asset value relative to the net asset value of the Fund.

 

ii. Class Expenses.

 

Expenses attributable to a particular class ("Class Expenses") shall be limited to Rule 12b-1, shareholder servicing fees, sub-transfer agency fees, certain transfer agency fees and such other expenses as designated by the Trusts’ Treasurer, subject to Board approval and/or ratification. Class Expenses shall be allocated to the class for which they are incurred.

 

In the event that a particular Class Expense is no longer reasonably allocable by class or to a particular class, it shall be treated as a Fund expense and in the event a Fund expense becomes allocable as a Class Expense, it shall be so allocated, subject to compliance with Rule 18f-3 and Board approval or ratification.

 

The initial determination of expenses that will be allocated as Class Expenses and any subsequent changes thereto as set forth in this Plan shall be reviewed by the Board of Trustees and approved by such Board and by a majority of the Trustees who are not "interested persons" of the Funds, as defined in the 1940 Act ("Independent Trustees").

 

     

 

 

DESIGNATION OF THE CLASSES AND SPECIFIC FEATURES

 

Types of classes of each of the Funds may include: “A Shares”, “C Shares”, “C1 Shares”, “I Shares”, “R Shares”, “R6 Shares”, and “T Shares”. To the extent that more than one class is offered by a Fund, each class of such Fund has a different arrangement for shareholder services or distribution or both, as follows:

A SHARES

 

A Shares are offered at net asset value plus an initial sales charge as set forth in the then current prospectuses of a Fund. The initial sales charge may be waived or reduced on certain types of purchases as set forth in the Fund's then current prospectus. In certain cases, A Shares are also offered subject to a contingent deferred sales charge (subject to certain reductions or eliminations of the sales charge as described in the applicable prospectus). A Shares of a Fund are also subject to a Rule 12b-1 fee as described in the Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information. A Shares do not have an automatic conversion feature.

 

C SHARES

 

C Shares of a Fund are offered at net asset value without the imposition of an initial sales charge but may be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge. C Shares are also subject to a Rule 12b-1 fee as described in the Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information. C Shares do not have an automatic conversion feature.

 

C1 SHARES

 

C1 Shares of a Fund are offered at net asset value without the imposition of an initial sales charge but may be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge. C1 Shares are also subject to a Rule 12b-1 fee as described in the Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information. C1 Shares do not have an automatic conversion feature.

 

I SHARES

 

I Shares of a Fund are offered at net asset value without the imposition of any sales charge, Rule 12b-1 or shareholder servicing fees. I Shares do not have an automatic conversion feature.

 

R SHARES

 

R Shares of a Fund are offered at net asset value without the imposition of any sales charge. R Shares are also subject to a Rule 12b-1 fee as described in the Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information. R Shares do not have an automatic conversion feature.

 

R6 SHARES

 

R6 Shares of a Fund are offered at net asset value without the imposition of any sales charge, Rule 12b-1 fees, shareholder servicing fees or intermediary sub-transfer agency fees. R6 Shares do not have an automatic conversion feature.

 

     

 

 

T SHARES

 

T Shares are offered at net asset value plus an initial sales charge as set forth in the then current prospectuses of a Fund. All or a portion of the initial sales charge may be waived or reduced on certain types of purchases or for certain intermediaries as set forth in the Fund's then current prospectus. T Shares are also subject to a Rule 12b-1 fee as described in the Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information. T shares do not have an automatic conversion feature.

 

VOTING RIGHTS

 

Each class shall have exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to its arrangement. Each class shall have separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of any other class.

 

EXCHANGE PRIVILEGES

 

Shareholders of a class may exchange their shares for shares of another Fund in accordance with Section 11(a) of the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder and the requirements of the applicable prospectuses as follows: Each class of shares of a Fund may be exchanged for the corresponding class of shares of another Fund. Shareholders of C1 Shares of Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund may exchange shares of such class for C Shares in any other Virtus Fund for which exchange privileges are available, at the relative net asset values of the respective shares to be exchanged and with no sales charge, provided the shares to be acquired in the exchange are, as may be necessary, qualified for sale in the shareholder’s state of residence and subject to the applicable requirements, if any, as to minimum amount. Shareholders of one class of shares of a Fund may exchange such shares for shares of another class in the same Fund having lower fixed expenses, at the relative net asset values of the respective shares to be exchanged and with no sales charge, provided that: (a) the shares to be acquired in the exchange are, as may be necessary, qualified for sale in the shareholder’s state of residence; and (b) such exchange is permitted by the disclosure documents of the Fund. Class T shares are not exchangeable for any other share class.

 

BOARD REVIEW

 

The Board of Trustees shall review this Plan as frequently as it deems necessary. Prior to any material amendments(s) to this Plan (including any proposed amendments to the method of allocating Class Expenses and/or Fund expenses), The Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, must find that the Plan is in the best interests of each class of shares of the affected Fund(s) individually and the affected Fund(s) as a whole. In considering whether to approve any proposed amendment(s) to the Plan, the Board of Trustees of the Trust shall request and evaluate such information as they consider reasonably necessary to evaluate the proposed amendment(s) to the Plan.

 

Adopted: August 10, 2017


     

 

 

SCHEDULE A

(as of August 10, 2017)

 

    A
Shares
  C
Shares
  I
Shares
  R
Shares
  R6
Shares
  T
Shares
                         
Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust                        
Virtus Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund   X   X   X       X   X
Virtus Duff & Phelps Select MLP and Energy Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund   X   X   X       X   X
                         
Virtus Asset Trust                        
Virtus Ceredex Large Cap Value Equity Fund   X   X   X       X   X
Virtus Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity Fund   X   X   X       X   X
Virtus Ceredex Small Cap Value Equity Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Conservative Allocation Strategy Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Growth Allocation Strategy Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Seix Core Bond Fund   X       X   X   X   X
Virtus Seix Corporate Bond Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Seix Floating Rate High Income Fund   X   X   X       X   X
Virtus Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond Fund   X       X           X
Virtus Seix High Grade Municipal Bond Fund   X       X           X
Virtus Seix High Income Fund   X       X   X   X   X
Virtus Seix High Yield Fund   X       X   X   X   X
Virtus Seix Investment Grade Tax-Exempt Bond Fund   X       X           X
Virtus Seix Limited Duration Fund           X           X
Virtus Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond Fund   X       X           X
Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond Fund   X       X           X
Virtus Seix Total Return Bond Fund   X       X   X   X   X
Virtus Seix U.S. Government Securities Ultra-Short Bond Fund           X       X   X
Virtus Seix U.S. Mortgage Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Seix Ultra-Short Bond Fund           X           X
Virtus Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund   X       X           X

 

     

 

 

    A
Shares
  C
Shares
  I
Shares
  R
Shares
  R6
Shares
  T
Shares
                         
Virtus Silvant Large Cap Growth Stock Fund   X   X   X       X   X
Virtus Silvant Small Cap Growth Stock Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus WCM International Equity Fund   X       X       X   X
Virtus Zevenbergen Innovative Growth Stock Fund   X       X           X
                         
Virtus Equity Trust                        
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund   X   X               X
Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund   X   X   X       X   X
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund   X   X   X       X   X
Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund   X   X               X
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund   X   X               X
                         
Virtus Opportunities Trust                        
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Infrastructure Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund   X   X   X       X   X
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Equity Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Real Estate Securities Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund   X   X   X       X   X
Virtus Herzfeld Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Horizon International Wealth Masters Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Horizon Wealth Masters Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus KAR Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus KAR International Small-Cap Fund   X   X   X       X   X
Virtus Newfleet Bond Fund   X   X   X       X   X
Virtus Newfleet CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund   X       X           X
Virtus Newfleet High Yield Fund   X   X   X       X   X
Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund   X   X   X       X   X

 

     

 

 

    A
Shares
  C
Shares
  I
Shares
  R
Shares
  R6
Shares
  T
Shares
                         
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund 1   X   X   X       X   X
Virtus Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund   X   X   X       X   X
Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Rampart Alternatives Diversifier Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Rampart Equity Trend Fund   X   X   X       X   X
Virtus Rampart Global Equity Trend Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Rampart Low Volatility Equity Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Rampart Multi-Asset Trend Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Rampart Sector Trend Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund   X   X   X       X   X
Virtus Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund   X   X   X       X   X
Virtus Vontobel Global Opportunities Fund   X   X   X           X
Virtus Vontobel Greater European Opportunities Fund   X   X   X           X
                         
Virtus Retirement Trust                        
Virtus DFA 2015 Target Date Retirement Income Fund   X       X       X   X
Virtus DFA 2020 Target Date Retirement Income Fund   X       X       X   X
Virtus DFA 2025 Target Date Retirement Income Fund   X       X       X   X
Virtus DFA 2030 Target Date Retirement Income Fund   X       X       X   X
Virtus DFA 2035 Target Date Retirement Income Fund   X       X       X   X
Virtus DFA 2040 Target Date Retirement Income Fund   X       X       X   X
Virtus DFA 2045 Target Date Retirement Income Fund   X       X       X   X
Virtus DFA 2050 Target Date Retirement Income Fund   X       X       X   X
Virtus DFA 2055 Target Date Retirement Income Fund   X       X       X   X
Virtus DFA 2060 Target Date Retirement Income Fund   X       X       X   X

 

 

1 Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund also offers Class C1 Shares.

 

     

 

Exhibit p.1

 

CODE OF ETHICS

 

Each Fund 1 has adopted this Code of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”) and it applies to a Fund’s Access Persons. Individuals that may meet the definition of Access Person below may not be required to comply with this particular Code of Ethics if such individuals are subject to another code of ethics that satisfies Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. For example, the Fund’s investment advisers and service providers that are subsidiaries of Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. (“Virtus”) and affiliates of one another have adopted separate codes of ethics (the “Affiliate Codes”) that are substantially similar to this Code of Ethics, satisfy Rule 17j-1 and apply to individuals who would otherwise be covered by this Code of Ethics. In addition, the Funds’ subadvisers, if any, that are not Virtus affiliates have adopted their own codes of ethics.

 

This Code of Ethics is administered by the Virtus Compliance Department on behalf of the Funds together with the Affiliate Codes.

 

Standard of Business Conduct

 

Each Fund acknowledges the integrity and good faith of all of the employees, officers, trustees or directors of the Fund and of those entities providing services on behalf of the Fund. Each Fund recognizes, however, that the knowledge of present or future portfolio transactions or the power to influence portfolio transactions, if held by such individuals, could place them in a position where their personal interests might conflict with the interests of the Fund if they were to trade in securities eligible for investment by the Fund.

 

In view of the foregoing and of the provisions of Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, each Fund has adopted this Code of Ethics to specify and prohibit certain types of transactions deemed to create conflicts of interest (or at least the potential for or the appearance of such conflicts) and to establish related reporting requirements and enforcement procedures.

 

When persons covered by the terms of this Code of Ethics engage in personal securities transactions, they must adhere to the following general principles as well as to the Code’s specific provisions:

 

(a) At all times, the interests of Fund shareholders must be paramount;

 

(b) Personal transactions must be conducted consistent with this Code of Ethics in a manner that avoids or mitigates any actual or potential conflict of interest;

 

1 Registered Investment Companies (“Funds”) include ETFis Series Trust I, Virtus ETF Trust II, Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, Virtus Asset Trust, Virtus Equity Trust, Virtus Opportunities Trust, Virtus Retirement Trust, Virtus Global Multi-Sector Income Fund, Virtus Variable Insurance Trust, Duff & Phelps Select Energy MLP Fund, Inc., Virtus Total Return Fund Inc., and Virtus Global Dividend & Income Fund Inc.

 

  Tab 1  

 

 

(c) No inappropriate advantage should be taken of any position of trust or responsibility;

 

(d) Non-public information regarding security holdings in any Fund must remain confidential;

 

(e) Compliance with all applicable federal securities laws must be maintained; and

 

(f) Access Persons are required to adhere to the standards of business conduct in the Virtus Code of Conduct.

 

Definitions of Terms Used in this Code

 

“Access Person” of a Fund means any Advisory Person of a Fund. In addition, all of the Fund’s directors, officers, and general partners are presumed to be Access Persons of the Fund. Access Persons also includes any director, officer or general partner of ETF Distributors LLC, VP Distributors, LLC and Virtus Fund Services, LLC who, in the ordinary course of business, makes, participates in or obtains information regarding the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by the Fund for which ETF Distributors, VP Distributors or Virtus Fund Services acts as service provider, distributor or principal underwriter, or whose functions or duties in the ordinary course of business relate to the making of any recommendation to the Fund regarding the purchase or sale of Covered Securities.

 

“Advisory Person” of a Fund means:

 

(a) Any director, officer, general partner or employee of the Fund or its investment adviser (or of any company in a control relationship to the Fund or its investment adviser) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes, participates in, or obtains information regarding, the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by a Fund, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales;

 

(b) Any natural person in a control relationship to the Fund or its investment adviser who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Fund with regard to the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by the Fund; and

 

(c) Any Investment Personnel.

 

“Affiliated Open-End Mutual Fund” means any open-end mutual fund as to which a Virtus affiliate serves as the investment adviser or principal underwriter.

 

  Tab 1  

 

 

“Affiliated person” of another person means (A) any person directly or indirectly owning, controlling, or holding with power to vote, 5 per centum or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other person; (B) any person 5 per centum or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by such other person; (C) any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with, such other person; (D) any officer, director, partner, copartner, or employee of such other person; (E) if such other person is an investment company, any investment adviser thereof or any member of an advisory board thereof; and (F) if such other person is an unincorporated investment company not having a board of directors, the depositor thereof.

 

“Being considered for Purchase or Sale” means a security for which a recommendation to purchase or sell has been made and communicated; and with respect to the Advisory Person making the recommendation, when such person seriously considers making such a recommendation.

 

“Beneficial Ownership” shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be under Rule 16a-1(a)(2) in determining whether a person is the beneficial owner of a security for purposes of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and the rules and regulations there under. Generally, Beneficial Ownership means having or sharing, directly or indirectly through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship, or otherwise, a direct or indirect “pecuniary interest” in the security. For the purposes hereof,

 

(a) “Pecuniary interest” means the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from a transaction in the security.

 

(b) “Indirect pecuniary interest” includes, but is not limited to:

 

(i) securities held by members of the person’s “immediate family” (this means any child, child-in-law, stepchild, grandchild, parent, parent-in-law, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, partner, sibling, or sibling-in-law and includes adoptive relationships) sharing the same household (which ownership interest may be rebutted);

 

(ii) a general partner’s proportionate interest in portfolio securities held by a general or limited partnership;

 

(iii) a person’s right to dividends that is separated or separable from the underlying securities (otherwise, a right to dividends alone will not constitute a pecuniary interest in securities);

 

(iv) a person’s interest in securities held by a trust;

 

(v) a person’s right to acquire securities through the exercise or conversion of any derivative security, whether or not presently exercisable; and

 

(vi) a performance-related fee, other than an asset based fee, received by any broker, dealer, bank, insurance company, investment company, investment manager, trustee, or person or entity performing a similar function, with certain exceptions (see Rule 16a-1(a)(2) of the Exchange Act).

 

  Tab 1  

 

 

“Crowdfunding Offering” means an offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to Section 4(a)(6).

 

“Chief Compliance Officer” or “CCO” refers to the person appointed by the Boards of the Funds pursuant to the provisions of Rule 38a-1.

 

“Control” shall have the same meaning as that set forth in Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act.

 

“Covered Security” means a security as defined in Section 2(a)(36) of the 1940 Act, except securities that are direct obligations of the Government of the United States, bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements and shares of traditional, unaffiliated registered open-end investment companies.

 

“Disinterested Trustee or Director” means a Member of the Board of Trustees or Board of Directors of a Fund who is not an “interested person” of the Fund within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act.

 

“Immediate Family Member” means any Access Person’s spouse or domestic partner who shares the same household and any relative by blood, adoption or marriage living in the Access Person’s household. This definition includes children (including financially dependent children away at school), stepchildren, grandchildren, parents, stepparents, grandparents, siblings and parents, children, or siblings-in-law.

 

“Initial Public Offering” or “IPO” means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

 

“Investment Personnel” shall mean:

 

(a) any employee of the Fund or its adviser (or of any company in a control relationship to the Fund or its adviser) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Fund; and

 

(b) any natural person who controls the Fund or its adviser and who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Fund regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Fund. Investment Personnel includes any Portfolio Manager or other investment person, such as an analyst or trader, who provides information and advice to a Portfolio Manager or assists in the execution of the investment decisions.

 

“Limited Offering” or “Private Placement” means an offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) or Section 4(a)(5), or pursuant to Rule 504, Rule 505, or Rule 506 thereunder.

 

  Tab 1  

 

 

“Managed Portfolio” shall mean those Funds, individually and collectively, for which the Portfolio Manager makes buy and sell decisions. For those Funds operating as series companies, Managed Portfolio shall include only the series for which the Portfolio Manager serves as the Portfolio Manager.

 

“Personal Brokerage Account” refers to any account (including, without limitation, a custody account, safekeeping account, and an account maintained by an entity that may act in a brokerage or a principal capacity) in which securities may be traded or custodied, and in which an Access Person has any Beneficial Ownership, and any such account of an Immediate Family member, through which an Access Person may hold or acquire Reportable Securities, even though the account currently holds only non-Reportable Securities (such as Unaffiliated Open-end Mutual Funds). To the extent that the Virtus 401(k) plan and potentially 401(k) plans of an Access Person’s prior employer(s) or 401(k) plans of Immediate Family Members have the capacity to invest in Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds and/or other Reportable Securities, such accounts are considered “Personal Brokerage Accounts.” Furthermore, Individual Retirement Accounts (“IRA’s”) that are constructed within a brokerage account capable of transacting in Reportable Securities are also considered “Personal Brokerage Accounts.”

 

The meaning of “Personal Brokerage Account” does not include the following: Open-end mutual funds held directly with the sponsor in an account that is not capable of transacting in Reportable Securities; 401(k) accounts that may only hold Unaffiliated Open-end Mutual Funds; other accounts that cannot transact in Reportable Securities as determined by the Virtus Compliance Department; direct purchase accounts such as “DRIP” plans and Section 529 Plans that are not managed, distributed marketed or underwritten by a Virtus affiliate; or managed accounts over which an individual has given investment discretion to an unrelated third party.

 

“Portfolio Manager” means the person or portfolio management team entrusted to make or participate in the making of the buy and sell decisions for a Fund, or series thereof, as disclosed in the Fund(s) prospectus.

 

“Purchase or sale of a Reportable Security” includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a security or the purchase or sale of a security that is exchangeable for or convertible into a security.

 

“Reportable Security” means a security as defined in Section 2(a)(36) of the 1940 Act and includes: common stocks, preferred stocks, stock options (put, call and straddles, etc.), debt securities, privileges on any security or on any group or index of securities (including any interest therein or based on the value thereof) and derivative instruments; ETFs, UIT ETFs, closed end funds, stock indices vehicles (such as the Standard & Poor’s Composite Stock Indices, SPDR S&P 500, SPDR S&P MidCap 400, “iShares”, etc.); Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds and municipal securities.

 

“Reportable Security” does not include direct obligations of the Government of the United States; money market instruments; bankers’ acceptances; bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other high quality short-term debt instruments; shares of money market funds; shares of Unaffiliated Open-end Mutual Funds; and units of a unit investment trust if the unit investment trust is invested exclusively in Unaffiliated Open-end Mutual Funds. Note: This exception extends only to open-end funds registered in the U.S.; therefore, transactions and holdings in offshore funds are reportable.

 

  Tab 1  

 

 

“Security Held or to be Acquired” by a Fund means:

 

(i) any Covered Security which, within the most recent 15 days:
(A) is or has been held by the Fund; or
(B) is being or has been considered by the Fund or any of its investment advisers for purchase by the Fund; and

 

(ii) any option to purchase or sell, and any security convertible into or exchangeable for, a Covered Security.

 

“Unaffiliated Open-End Mutual Fund” means any open-end mutual fund as to which a Virtus affiliate does not serve as the investment adviser or principal underwriter for the fund.

 

Unlawful Actions

 

It is unlawful for any Affiliated person of any Fund or any of its advisers, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by the person of a Security Held or to be Acquired by any Fund:

 

(a) to employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud any Fund;

 

(b) to make any untrue statement of a material fact to any Fund or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made to any Fund, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;

 

(c) to engage in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on any Fund;

 

(d) to engage in any manipulative practice with respect to any Fund; or

 

(e) to divulge or act upon any material, non-public information, as such term is defined under relevant securities laws.

 

Disclosure of Personal Brokerage Accounts

 

All Access Persons must disclose their Personal Brokerage Accounts to their respective Compliance Department. It is each Access Person’s responsibility to notify their respective Compliance Department of all Personal Brokerage Accounts and to direct the broker to provide their Compliance Department with brokerage transaction confirmations and account statements (and verify that it has been done). Access Persons do not need to disclose the existence of their Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) account, however, any other Virtus Fidelity account holding securities, options or restricted stock of Virtus must be disclosed. 401(k) plans of an Access Person’s prior employer(s) or 401(k) plans of Immediate Family Members must be disclosed if such accounts have the capacity to invest in Affiliated Open-End Mutual Funds and/or other Reportable Securities.

 

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Prohibited Activities and Restrictions

 

Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) Rule : No Access Person may directly or indirectly acquire beneficial ownership in any securities in an Initial Public Offering (including IPOs offered through the Internet), except with the prior written approval of the Virtus Compliance Department. No FINRA registered person may participate in an IPO pursuant to FINRA Rule 5130.

 

Crowdfunding Offering/Limited Offering/Private Placement Rule : No Access Person may directly or indirectly acquire beneficial ownership in any securities in a Crowdfunding Offering, Limited Offering or Private Placement except with the prior written approval of the Virtus Compliance Department.

 

Preclearance Rule : No Advisory Person may directly or indirectly acquire or dispose of beneficial ownership in a Reportable Security unless such transaction has been precleared by the Virtus Compliance Department. Preclearance is valid through the next business day to the close of the U.S. Market following the approval. An order not executed within that time must be resubmitted for pre-clearance approval. Advisory Persons must wait for approval before placing the order with their broker.

 

Exceptions : The following transactions do not require preclearance:

 

(a) Purchases or sales of up to 1000 shares per month of: (i) Reportable Securities of an issuer ranked in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Stock Index (S&P 500) at the time of the transaction; (ii) exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) not managed by a Virtus affiliate; and (iii) closed-end funds not managed by a Virtus affiliate.

 

(b) Open-end Mutual Funds. (However such funds are subject to Quarterly Transaction and Annual Holdings reporting requirements.)

 

(c) Purchases of shares of Reportable Securities necessary to establish an automatic investment or dividend reinvestment plan, as well as any subsequent purchases and sales pursuant to any such plan.

 

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(d) Purchases or sales effected in any managed account over which the Advisory Person has no direct or indirect influence or control in the reasonable estimation of the Virtus Compliance Department. This exemption will also apply to Personal Brokerage Accounts for which a third party (e.g. broker or financial adviser) makes all investment decisions on behalf of the Advisory Person. The discretionary arrangement must be documented to the Virtus Compliance Department.

 

(e) Purchases or sales of Reportable Securities not eligible for purchase or sale by the Fund(s).

 

(f) Purchases effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired.

 

(g) Purchase or sale of securities issued under an employee stock purchase or incentive program unless otherwise restricted.

 

Open Order Rule : No Advisory Person may directly or indirectly transact in any Reportable Security which requires preclearance on a day during which a Fund has a pending order for that security of the same type (i.e.. buy or sell) as the proposed personal trade, until the Fund’s order is executed or withdrawn.

 

Black-Out Rule : Investment Personnel may not directly or indirectly acquire or dispose of Beneficial Ownership in a Reportable Security within seven calendar days before and after the portfolio(s) associated with the Investment Personnel’s assigned duties trades in that security. The seven day period is exclusive of the execution date. The Black-Out Rule applies to transactions in securities that are required to be precleared.

 

Holding Period Rule : Except as provided herein, Advisory Persons must hold all Reportable Securities, including options, for no less than thirty (30) days, regardless of whether or not the purchase was exempt from preclearance under this Code. Generally, a last in, first out (“LIFO”) accounting methodology will be applied for determining compliance with this holding rule.

 

This Holding Period Rule does not apply to the following Reportable Securities and transactions:

· Affiliated Open-End Mutual Funds;
· Sales of Virtus shares after restricted stock units vest;
· Sales of Virtus shares after exercising employee stock options; or
· Sales effected in any account over which the Advisory Person has no direct or indirect influence or control.

 

Gifts and Entertainment : Access Persons may not give or receive gifts or entertainment that may be construed to have an influence on business transactions conducted by the Fund(s) or its investment adviser. Moreover, pursuant to Section 17(e) of the 1940 Act, gifts and entertainment may not be received by fund advisory personnel as compensation for the purchase or sale of any Fund property.

 

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Gifts include any items of value, including sports paraphernalia or equipment, wine or food baskets, and gift certificates for goods or services. Tickets to events are also considered gifts if the provider of such tickets does not attend the event. Gifts to or from any person or entity doing business with or seeking to do business with the Fund(s) or its investment adviser must not exceed $100 per person per year.

 

Entertainment includes events that are attended by the provider and recipient, and the $100 limit that applies to gifts does not apply to entertainment. Nonetheless, entertainment must be neither so frequent nor so extensive as to raise any question of impropriety.

 

All gifts and entertainment received or given must be reported to the Virtus Compliance Department.

 

Service as Director : No Advisory Person shall serve on the board of directors of a publicly traded company without prior authorization by the President or the Chief Compliance Officer of the Fund. If board service is authorized, such Advisory Person shall have no role in making investment decisions with respect to the publicly traded company.

 

Excessive Trading Rule: Access Persons shall comply with any mutual funds disruptive trading or market timing policies.

 

Reporting Requirements

 

The Code of Ethics, and any amendments thereto, shall be provided to every Access Person. Access Persons will provide written acknowledgement of receipt.

 

Duplicate Trade Confirmations and Personal Brokerage Account Statements : All Access Persons (other than Disinterested Trustees or Directors) shall direct their brokers to supply, at the same time that they are sent to the Access Person, a copy of the confirmation for each Reportable Securities trade in a Personal Brokerage Account, and a copy, at least quarterly, of an account statement for each Personal Brokerage Account to the Virtus Compliance Department (an electronic feed from the broker will satisfy these requirements). Access to duplicate confirmations and account statements will be restricted to those persons assigned to perform review functions, and all materials will be kept confidential except as required by law.

 

Quarterly Transaction Reports : Access Persons shall report to the Fund the information (specified further below) with respect to transactions in any Reportable Security in which such Access Person has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in the Reportable Security.

 

Access Persons shall not be required to make a report with respect to transactions effected for any account over which that person lacks any direct or indirect influence or control in the reasonable estimation of the Virtus Compliance Department which may make reasonable periodic inquiries and request reasonable assurances in making such determination.

 

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Every Quarterly Transaction Report shall be made not later than 15 days after the end of the calendar quarter, and shall include all transactions in Reportable Securities effected during the calendar quarter being reported on. Quarterly Transaction Reports shall contain such information as the Virtus Compliance Department may request and shall be reported in such manner (e.g., utilizing an on-line service) as the Virtus Compliance Department directs.

 

Initial and Annual Holdings Reports : Each Access Person shall submit an Initial Holdings and Annual Holdings Report listing all personal Reportable Securities holdings to the Virtus Compliance Department, upon commencement of service and annually thereafter (the Initial Holdings Report and the Annual Holdings Report , respectively) in the form and content requested by the Virtus Compliance Department. The information on the Initial Holdings Report must be current as of a date not more than 45 days prior to the date the individual becomes an Access Person. An Initial Holdings Report and certification must be submitted to the designated Compliance Officer no later than 10 days after becoming an Access Person. The Annual Holdings Report information shall be as of December 31 of the prior year. Access Persons shall submit the Annual Holdings Report and Certification to the designated Compliance Officer by January 31 of each year. Access Persons shall include on their Annual Holdings Report any holdings in Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds, including those held in the Access Person’s Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) plan.

 

Disinterested Trustees and Directors

 

A Disinterested Trustee or Director of the Fund who would be considered an Access Person solely by reason of being a trustee or director of the Fund shall not be subject to the pre-clearance or reporting requirements applicable to Access Persons or the IPO Rule or Limited Offering/Private Placement Rule set forth in this Code of Ethics, except that such Trustee or Director shall report any transaction where the Trustee or Director knew, or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as a Fund Trustee or Director, should have known, that during the 15-day period immediately before or after the Trustee’s/Director’s transaction in a Covered Security, the Fund purchased or sold the Covered Security or the Fund or any of its investment advisers or subadvisers considered purchasing or selling the Covered Security. Any report made pursuant to the Reporting Requirements of this Code of Ethics may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person making such report that he or she has any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in the security to which the report relates.

 

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401(k) Plans

 

Disclosure of Personal Brokerage Accounts: Access Persons are not required to disclose the existence of their Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) plan, but Access Persons must disclose any other 401(k) account if the account can transact in Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds and/or other Reportable Securities.

 

Preclearance Rule: Advisory Persons are not required to preclear transactions in Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds (e.g., transferring amounts from one fund to another) or contributions in the form of payroll deductions. Advisory Persons are required to preclear transactions in Reportable Securities that are not exceptions to the Preclearance Rule (e.g., the sale of previous employer’s stock).

 

Duplicate Trade Confirmations and Personal Brokerage Account Statements: If an Access Person has a 401(k) account from a previous employer that can transact in Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds and/or other Reportable Securities, the Access Person shall direct his or her broker to supply, at the same time that they are sent to the Access Person, a copy of the confirmation for each personal Reportable Securities trade and a copy, at least quarterly, of an account statement to the Virtus Compliance Department for each 401(k) account other than the Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) plan.

 

Quarterly Transactions Reports: For 401(k) accounts other than the Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) plan, Access Persons are required to submit a Quarterly Transaction Report for transactions in Reportable Securities (e.g., Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds or a previous employer’s stock).

 

Initial and Annual Holdings Reports: Access Persons are required to report all holdings in Reportable Securities, including holdings in the Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) plan (e.g., Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds).

 

Administration

 

A. At least annually, the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer shall obtain certification that each Fund, each investment adviser and principal underwriter, as applicable, has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating this Code of Ethics or another code of ethics that satisfies Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act.

 

B. Any Access Person shall immediately report any potential violation of this Code of which he or she becomes aware to the Fund CCO or the Virtus Compliance Department

 

C. The Virtus Compliance Department will maintain a list of all Access Persons who are required to make reports under this Code of Ethics, and shall inform those Access Persons of their reporting obligations. The Virtus Compliance Department shall promptly notify any Access Person when any report has not been filed on a timely basis.

 

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Recordkeeping Requirements

 

Documents and records required to be made and maintained in connection with this Code of Ethics shall be made and maintained in accordance with the Fund’s Policy Regarding Books and Records.

 

Sanctions

 

Upon discovering a violation of this Code, the Virtus Compliance Department may impose such sanctions as it deems appropriate, including, among other things, a letter of censure, suspension of personal trading privileges for a period of time, or suspension or termination of employment; and the Virtus Compliance Department shall advise the Fund CCO accordingly.

 

Exceptions

 

The Virtus Compliance Department may, in consultation with the Fund’s Chief Legal Officer and/or Fund CCO as appropriate, grant written exceptions to provisions of the Code based on equitable considerations. The exceptions may be granted to individuals or classes of individuals with respect to particular transactions, classes of transactions or all transactions, and may apply to past as well as future transactions, provided, however, that no exception will be granted where the exceptions would result in a violation of Rule 17j-1. To the extent any such exception relates to an Access Person of a Fund, the exception will be reported to the Fund CCO for reporting to the Fund’s Board at its next regularly scheduled meeting.

 

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CERTIFICATION:

 

By my signature below, I certify that I have received, read, and understood the foregoing policies of the Virtus Funds Code of Ethics, and will comply in all respects with such policies.

 

     
Signature   Date

 

Please print or type name:    

 

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Exhibit p.2

 

VIRTUS CODE OF ETHICS

 

Amended and Restated October 1, 2017

 

A message from George Aylward, Chief Executive Officer

 

At Virtus Investment Partners, our goal is to be a distinctive and trusted provider of asset management products and services that is profitable, growing and consistently delivers value for our clients and shareholders. In this highly competitive industry we need to distinguish Virtus through our products, our service approach, and our values in managing our company.

 

Foremost among those values is the expectation I have that each member of the Virtus team adhere to the highest standards of legal and ethical conduct in all of our business dealings.

 

By demonstrating Virtus is a company that our clients can trust with their assets, a company that our distribution partners respect, and a company that all of our stakeholders think of with admiration, we can accomplish our business goals.

 

George Aylward

Chief Executive Officer

Virtus Investment Partners, Inc.

 

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Introduction

 

Each affiliated registered investment adviser and broker-dealer of Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. (“Virtus”) (each referred to herein as a Firm) has adopted this Code of Ethics (the “Code”) in accordance with applicable requirements of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act“), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Company Act”).

 

All employees are required to adhere to the letter and the spirit of this Code. Failure to adhere to this Code may result in disciplinary actions including fines, disgorgement of profits (or losses avoided), unwinding of securities transactions, curtailment of personal trading privileges and/or termination of employment. In addition, certain violations of this Code may be considered to be violations of securities laws and regulations that could result in civil and/or criminal penalties.

 

1. Standards of Conduct

 

In providing investment services to registered investment companies, institutional accounts and other clients, Virtus advisory Firms are governed by legal and fiduciary duties that mandate adherence to the highest standards of ethical conduct and integrity. Because employees may have knowledge of present or future portfolio transactions in client accounts and, in some cases, the power to influence those portfolio transactions, it is possible that an employee’s personal interests could – or could appear to – conflict with those of the Firms’ clients if the employee engages in personal transactions in securities that are eligible for investment by the Firms’ clients.

 

The procedures set forth in this Code are designed to address the potential conflicts of interest with respect to the personal investing activities of a Firms’ employees. When persons covered by the terms of this Code engage in personal securities transactions, they must adhere to the following general principles as well as to the Code’s specific provisions:

 

(a) At all times, the interests of the Firms’ clients must be paramount;

 

(b) Personal transactions must be conducted consistent with this Code in a manner that avoids or mitigates any actual or potential conflict of interest;

 

(c) No inappropriate advantage should be taken of any position of trust or responsibility;

 

(d) Non-public information regarding security holdings in any client account must remain confidential; and

 

(e) Compliance with all applicable federal securities laws must be maintained.

 

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In addition to the provisions of this Code, employees are responsible for compliance with other Virtus policies and procedures concerning personal conduct and conflicts of interest, including the Virtus Code of Conduct, Social Media Policy, Inside Information Policies, Pay to Play Policy, and Gifts and Entertainment Policy.

 

2. Persons subject to the Code

 

All employees are subject to this Code and all Virtus employees are deemed to be “Supervised Persons” within the meaning of the Advisers Act and the Company Act. Employees are further classified as Access Persons and as Advisory Persons, depending upon their access to client portfolio information and their role in managing client accounts. The reporting requirements of the Code apply to all employees. Most of the trading restrictions apply to employees who are designated as Access Persons. Certain additional restrictions apply only to those Access Persons who are also classified as Advisory Persons.

 

An employee is an Access Person if:

 

· in connection with his or her job functions or duties, the employee has access to timely, non-public information regarding a Firm’s investment management activities, client portfolio holdings and/or client trading activity;

 

· the employee is a director or officer of a Firm; or

 

· the employee is otherwise designated as such by the Compliance Department for reasons consistent with the purposes of this Code.

 

An Access Person is further classified as an Advisory Person if:

 

· in connection with his or her job functions or duties, the employee makes, recommends or implements investment decisions on behalf of client accounts managed by the Firm. Generally, portfolio managers, investment research analysts, traders and certain of their support personnel are Advisory Persons; or

 

· the employee is otherwise designated as such by the Compliance Department for reasons consistent with the purposes of this Code.

 

The Compliance Department will determine which employees are classified as Access and Advisory Persons and will notify employees who are so classified. Certain employees who perform services for multiple Firms (i.e., shared services) or who share office space with another Firm may be designated as Access and/or Advisory Persons of multiple Firms. In addition, the Compliance Department may determine whether any temporary employees, consultants or interns should be treated as employees under this Code and, if so, whether they should be classified as Access and/or Advisory Persons.

 

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Employees are subject to requirements under this Code depending upon their classification:

 

REQUIREMENT  

ALL

EMPLOYEES

 

ACCESS

PERSONS

 

ADVISORY

PERSONS

             

ATTESTATION

Section 3.1

  YES   YES   YES
             

REPORTABLE ACCOUNTS

Section 3.2

  YES   YES   YES
             

INITIAL AND ANNUAL HOLDINGS REPORTS

Section 3.3

  YES   YES   YES
             

DUPLICATE CONFIRMS AND STATEMENTS

Section 3.4

  YES   YES   YES
             

QUARTERLY TRANSACTION REPORTS

Section 3.5

  YES   YES   YES
             

TRADE PRECLEARANCE

Section 4

      YES   YES
             

BLACKOUT

Section 5

          YES
             

OTHER TRADING RESTRICTIONS

Section 6

      YES   YES
             

HOLDING PERIOD RULE

Section 7

      YES   YES
             

DUTY TO REPORT VIOLATIONS

Section 9

  YES   YES   YES

 

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3. Reporting Requirements – All Employees

 

3.1 Attestation of Receipt, Understanding and Compliance:

 

All employees will receive a copy of the Code upon hire and, thereafter any amendments thereto, and must certify, within 10-days of joining a Firm and annually thereafter, that they have read and understood the Code and have complied with its requirements.

 

3.2 Reportable Accounts and Reportable Securities :

 

All employees must report all of their Reportable Accounts to the Compliance Department. Existing accounts must be reported promptly upon hiring; new accounts must be reported upon opening.

 

Reportable Accounts are all securities accounts (brokerage and investment accounts) that an employee has investment discretion over or receives economic benefits from, and which hold or are capable of holding Reportable Securities.

 

Reportable Securities are broadly defined and include transactions (both long and short) in the following:

 

· Shares of stocks, ADRs, and other equity securities (including any security convertible into equity securities)
· Warrants
· Bonds and notes
· Shares of exchange traded funds (ETFs)
· Shares of closed-end funds
· Options, futures and other derivatives
· Private placement securities
· Shares of open-end mutual funds managed by a Virtus Firm
· Securities acquired in an initial public offering (IPO) or a limited offering or crowdfunding.

 

The following are not considered Reportable Securities:

 

· Direct obligations of the U.S. Government
· Money market instruments and funds
· Bankers’ acceptances, certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other high quality short-term debt instruments
· Open-end mutual funds that are not managed by a Virtus Firm
· 529 Plans (unless a mutual fund managed by a Virtus Firm is an investment option)

 

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· Holdings in accounts maintained through Fidelity for the Virtus 401(k) Plan or similar Firm- sponsored retirement or benefit plans identified by the Compliance Department.

 

However, the following must be reported:

 

· Fidelity BrokerageLink and any other Virtus Fidelity account capable of holding Reportable Securities including, without limitation, restricted stock of Virtus.

 

· 401(k) plans maintained with prior employers and 401(k) plans of immediate family members if such accounts have the capacity to invest in Reportable Securities .

 

Reportable Accounts include investment accounts of certain related persons including an employee’s spouse, domestic partner, minor children and step-children and other persons residing in the same household as the employee.

 

Reportable Accounts include those accounts from which an employee or immediate family member may benefit directly or indirectly, such as a family trust or partnership, or joint brokerage account.

 

Investments accounts that are capable of holding Reportable Securities are considered Reportable Accounts and must be reported even if Reportable Securities are not currently held in the account.

 

Reportable Accounts do not include Managed Accounts , although the Compliance Department may require submission of relevant transactions documentation and holdings in order to monitor the status of an account as a Managed Account. A Managed Account is an investment account from which an employee or related person benefits financially, but over which neither the employee nor related person exercises direct or indirect investment discretion. Generally, with a Managed Account a third-party, such as a broker or financial advisor, makes all investment decisions on behalf of the employee and the employee does not discuss any specific transactions for the account with the third-party manager. Designation of a Managed Account must be properly documented and approved in accordance with Compliance Department procedures.

 

3.3 Initial and Annual Holdings Reports:

 

Within ten (10) days of hire, and annually thereafter as instructed by the Compliance Department, all employees must submit a report listing all personal holdings of Reportable Securities. The information in the initial report must be current as of a date not more than forty-five (45) days prior to employment. The annual reports must be current as of December 31 st of each year and submitted by January 31 st of each year and shall include such information regarding the holdings as instructed by the Compliance Department. Each holdings report shall include a certification by the employee that he or she has read, understood, has complied and will continue to comply with the requirements of this Code

 

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3.4 Duplicate Trade Confirmations and Personal Brokerage Account Statements:

 

For all Reportable Accounts, employees shall direct their brokers to provide the Compliance Department with a duplicate copy of the confirmation for each Reportable Securities transaction at the same time the broker provides the confirmation to the employee. In addition, employees shall direct their brokers to provide the Compliance Department an account statement at least quarterly for each Reportable Account . Electronic feeds arranged through the Compliance Department will satisfy these requirements.

 

3.5 Quarterly Transactions Reports:

 

Each employee must complete a quarterly report of transactions in Reportable Securities within the timeframe specified by the Compliance Department (generally 15 days after quarter-end). The Compliance Department may grant extensions in cases of hardship, illness, system unavailability or other circumstances provided that the timeframe as extended may not exceed 30 days after quarter-end. Any such extension shall not be deemed a waiver of the Code’s provisions.

 

4. Trade Preclearance – Access and Advisory Persons

 

Generally, Access and Advisory Persons may not knowingly purchase or sell a Reportable Security for their own account on any day during which any client account has a buy or sell order pending for the same security or when trading in the Reportable Security is otherwise restricted. In addition, as described in Section 5 – Blackout Rule, Advisory Persons are restricted from trading for a period before and after trades are made in the client accounts they are associated with.

 

To assist in implementing these trading restrictions, Access and Advisory Persons are required to obtain prior approval (“preclearance”) from the Compliance Department before buying or selling Reportable Securities. Access and Advisory Persons must wait for preclearance approval before placing an order for a Reportable Security with a broker. If granted, preclearance is valid through the e n d o f t h e next business day (with the exception of Private Placements which are determined on a case by case basis). An order not executed within that time must be re-submitted for preclearance approval.

 

Generally, preclearance will be denied in the following circumstances:

 

· When the Firm has a pending buy or sell order for the security for a client account
· When a security is subject to a Firm-wide restriction
· Other circumstances as may be determined by the Compliance Department on a case-by- case basis consistent with the purposes of the Code.

 

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Exceptions: Transactions in the following securities do not require preclearance:

 

· Direct obligations of the U.S. government
· High quality short-term debt instruments such as commercial paper, repurchase agreements, bankers’ acceptances and money market instruments
· Bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit (“CDs”), commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other high quality short-term debt instruments
· Open-end mutual funds and unit investment trusts invested in open-end mutual funds
· Up to 1000 shares per calendar month (in total for all accounts) i n companies comprisin g the S&P 500 index at the time of the transaction
· Up to 1000 shares per calendar month (in total for all accounts) in exchange traded funds (ETFs) that are not advised or subadvised by a Virtus Firm
· Shares of closed-end mutual funds that are not advised or subadvised by a Virtus Firm
· Purchases pursuant to an automatic investment or dividend reinvestment plan
· Purchases upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its securities, to the extent the rights were acquired from the issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired
· Transactions under an employee stock purchase or incentive program unless otherwise restricted
· Non-volitional transactions (such as stock splits, dividends, corporate actions, etc.)
· Transactions in Managed Accounts provided that prior to the transaction the Compliance Department has approved the classification of the account as a Managed Account
· Transactions in Virtus common or preferred securities that otherwise comply with the Virtus Policy on Inside Information Concerning Virtus’ Corporate Activities (i.e., the Trading Window policy)

 

5. Blackout Rule - Advisory Persons

 

In addition to the preclearance requirements of Section 4 above, Advisory Persons may not transact in any Reportable Security within seven calendar days before or after the client portfolio(s) they are associated with trade in that security. The seven-day period is exclusive of the execution date. The Blackout Rule does not apply to transactions in Reportable Securities that are exempt from the preclearance requirements of Section 4.

 

6. Other Restrictions

 

Access and Advisory Persons are at all times prohibited from engaging in any of the following:

 

· Purchasing single-stock futures
· Taking short positions other than on broad based indices
· Purchasing securities in an initial public offering (IPO) or Crowd Funding

 

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· Purchasing privately placed securities or limited offerings of securities unless, in addition to compliance with preclearance procedures, the terms of such offering are reviewed and approved by the Compliance Department in advance

 

In no event may an Access or Advisory Person use a derivative or synthetic instrument to circumvent a restriction in the Code.

 

In addition, Advisory Persons are prohibited from engaging in any of the following:

 

· Taking a short position (including a short position on an index) that is held long in a client account of a Firm the individual is an Advisory Person of.
· Serving as a director on the board of directors of any publicly traded company absent the prior approval of the Compliance Department based on a determination that the board service will not conflict with the interests of the Virtus Firms or their clients.

 

7. Holding Period Rule

 

Unless an exception applies, Access and Advisory Persons must hold all Reportable Securities for no less than thirty (30) days, whether or not the purchase was exempt from preclearance. This holding period rule prohibits the purchase or sale of options with an expiration date that is within 30 days of the transaction date, as well as the sale of covered calls on securities held for less than 30 days. In addition, Access and Advisory Persons must comply with applicable “market timing” restrictions imposed with respect to any holdings in open-end mutual funds, including funds that are advised or subadvised by any Firm.

 

Exceptions: This Holding Period Rule does not apply with respect to the following:

 

· Transactions in open-end mutual funds that are advised or subadvised by any Firm (although “market timing” restrictions imposed by such funds must be observed)
· Transactions in shares of Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. common stock received through vesting of Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) grants, subject to the Virtus Trading Window policy
· Striking VRTS call options and selling the shares, where such options have been provided as grants, subject to the Virtus Trading Window policy
· Transactions in approved Managed Accounts

 

Generally, a last in first out (“LIFO”) accounting methodology will be applied for determining compliance with this holding period rule.

 

  9  

 

 

8. Duty to Report Violations

 

Employees should promptly report violations of this Code to the Compliance Department and should contact the Compliance Department promptly if they have reason to believe that a violation may have occurred or is reasonably likely to occur. Failure to report such violations is itself a violation of this Code. In the event the reported event involves a member of the Compliance Department, the report should be made directly and only to the Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. Chief Compliance Officer. In the event the reported event involves the Chief Compliance Officer, the report should be made directly and only to the Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. General Counsel. Matters may also be reported utilizing the Virtus Compliance Hotline by telephone or via the internet. Instructions for using the Hotline are available on VirtusNet.

 

9. Sanctions for Violations of the Code

 

In the event of a violation of the Code by any Supervised Person, the Compliance Department may impose appropriate sanctions based on consideration of the seriousness of the violation, whether the violation was willful or inadvertent, whether the Person self-reported the violation, the Person’s job function and classification as an Access or Advisory Person, and any prior violations of the Code. Sanctions may include but are not limited to the following:

 

· Verbal and/or written admonishment and training on the requirements of the Code
· Notice to the Person’s manager
· Fines and/or reversal of trades, with the fines and disgorgement of profits (or losses avoided) donated to a charity designated by the Compliance Department
· Partial or full restriction on personal trading for a period of time (which may be the remainder of the Person’s employment)
· Suspension or termination of employment.

 

10. Exceptions

 

The Compliance Department may, from time to time, grant exceptions to provisions of this Code for equitable or other reasons. The Compliance Department will maintain reasonable documentation of any such exceptions. The exceptions may be granted to individuals or classes of individuals with respect to particular transactions or classes of transactions, and may apply to past as well as future transactions. However, no exception will be granted if the Compliance Department is aware that granting the exception is likely to result in a violation of applicable federal securities laws.

 

11. Recordkeeping Requirements

 

The Virtus Compliance Department will maintain records regarding the Code and its administration as required by Rule 204-2 of the Advisers Act and Rule 31a-2 of the Company Act. Such records will be maintained in a readily accessible place for at least five (5) years, with the first two (2) years in a Virtus Firm office. Required records include the following for the past five (5) years:

 

· A copy of each Code in effect
· Records of any violations of the Code and action taken in response thereto
· Records of Supervised Persons’ written acknowledgements of the Code
· A list of all Supervised Persons who have been required to make reports pursuant to the Code

 

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· Records of decisions to approve transactions in private placements and the basis for such approvals
· Copies of all reports made by the chief compliance officer of each Virtus Firm and by the chief compliance officer of the Virtus Funds regarding the administration of the Code as required by the Advisers Act or the Company Act.

 

October 1, 2017

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Schedule A

 

On October 1, 2017, the following entities adopted this Code of Ethics:

 

· Ceredex Value Advisors LLC
· Euclid Advisors LLC
· Duff & Phelps Investment Management Co.
· Kayne Anderson Rudnick Investment Management, LLC
· Newfleet Asset Management, LLC
· Rampart Investment Management Company, LLC
· Seix Investment Advisors LLC
· Silvant Capital Management LLC
· Virtus Alternative Investment Advisers, Inc.
· Virtus ETF Advisers LLC and its affiliates (Virtus ETF Solutions LLC and ETF Distributors LLC)
· Virtus Fund Advisers, LLC
· Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc.
· Virtus Retirement Investment Advisers, LLC
· VP Distributors, LLC
· Zweig Advisers LLC

 

This Schedule will be updated from time to time without being considered an amendment to the Code of Ethics.

 

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