As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 21, 2017
File No. 002-16590
File No. 811-00945
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Under the SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Pre-Effective Amendment No. | ||
Post-Effective Amendment No. 114 | x |
and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Under the INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | ¨ | |
Amendment No. 115 | x |
(Check appropriate box or boxes)
Virtus Equity Trust
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
Area Code and Telephone Number: (800) 243-1574
101 Munson Street
Greenfield, Massachusetts 01301
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Kevin J. Carr, Esq.
Counsel
Virtus Investment Partners, Inc.
100 Pearl St.
Hartford, Connecticut 06103
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copies of All Correspondence to:
David C. Mahaffey, Esq.
Sullivan & Worcester LLP
1666 K Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
¨ | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) |
¨ | on pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 485 |
¨ | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) |
¨ | on or at such later date as the Commission shall order pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) |
x | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) |
¨ | on pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485. |
If appropriate, check the following box:
¨ | this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. |
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TICKER SYMBOL BY CLASS
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FUND
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A
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C
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I
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R6
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T
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Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund | | |
[TBD]
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[TBD]
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[TBD]
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[TBD]
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[TBD]
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| FUND SUMMARIES | | | | |
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| MORE INFORMATION ABOUT RISKS RELATED TO PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES | | | | |
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| RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES AND FUND OPERATIONS | | | | |
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Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)
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Class A
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Class C
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Class I
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Class R6
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Class T
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| | Maximum Sales Charge (load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) | | | | | | 5.75 | % | | | | | | | Non | e | | | | | | | Non | e | | | | | | | Non | e | | | | | | | 2.50 | % | | | |
| | Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (load) (as a percentage of the lesser of purchase price or redemption proceeds) | | | | | | Non | e | | | | | | | 1.00 | % (a) | | | | | | | Non | e | | | | | | | Non | e | | | | | | | Non | e | | | |
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Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each
year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
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Class A
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Class C
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Class I
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Class R6
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Class T
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| | Management Fees | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | |
| | Distribution and Shareholder Servicing (12b-1) Fees | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | |
| | Other Expenses (b) | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | |
| | Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | |
| | Less: Expense Reimbursement (c) | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | |
| | Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement (c) | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | |
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Share Status
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1 Year
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3 Years
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| | Class A | | | |
Sold or Held
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| | | | | $[__] | | | | | | | $[__] | | | | ||
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Class C
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Sold
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| | | | | $[__] | | | | | | | $[__] | | | | ||
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Held
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| | | | | $[__] | | | | | | | $[__] | | | | |||||||
| | Class I | | | |
Sold or Held
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| | | | | $[__] | | | | | | | $[__] | | | | ||
| | Class R6 | | | |
Sold or Held
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| | | | | $[__] | | | | | | | $[__] | | | | ||
| | Class T | | | |
Sold or Held
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| | | | | $[__] | | | | | | | $[__] | | | |
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Class A
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Class C
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Class I
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Class R6
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Class T
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| | Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | | | | | [__] | % | | | |
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First $1 billion
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$1+ billion
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| | Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund | | | | | | [__] % | | | | | | | [__] % | | | |
| | Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund | | | | 50% of Net Advisory Fee | | |
| | Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund | | | |
Jon Christensen, CFA (since inception [March 2018])
Julie Kutasov (since inception [March 2018])
Craig Stone (since inception [March 2018])
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Fund
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Class A
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Class C
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Class I
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Class R6
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Class T
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| | Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund | | | | | | 0.25 % | | | | | | | 1.00 % | | | | | | | None | | | | | | | N/A | | | | | | | 0.25 % | | | |
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Sales Charge as a percentage of
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Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
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Offering Price
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Net Amount Invested
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Under $50,000 | | | | | 5.75 % | | | | | | 6.10 % | | |
$50,000 but under $100,000 | | | | | 4.75 | | | | | | 4.99 | | |
$100,000 but under $250,000 | | | | | 3.75 | | | | | | 3.90 | | |
$250,000 but under $500,000 | | | | | 2.75 | | | | | | 2.83 | | |
$500,000 but under $1,000,000 | | | | | 2.00 | | | | | | 2.04 | | |
$1,000,000 or more | | | | | None | | | | | | None | | |
| Year | | | | | 1 | | | | | | 2+ | | |
| CDSC | | | | | 1 % | | | | | | 0 % | | |
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Sales Charge as a percentage of
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Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
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Offering Price
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Net Amount Invested
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Under $250,000 | | | | | 2.50 % | | | | | | 2.56 % | | |
$250,000 but under $500,000 | | | | | 2.00 | | | | | | 2.04 | | |
$500,000 but under $1,000,000 | | | | | 1.50 | | | | | | 1.52 | | |
$1,000,000 or more | | | | | 1.00 | | | | | | 1.01 | | |
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
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Sales Charge as a
Percentage of Offering Price |
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Sales Charge as a
Percentage of Amount Invested |
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Dealer Discount as a
Percentage of Offering Price |
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Under $50,000 | | | | | 5.75 % | | | | | | 6.10 % | | | | | | 5.00 % | | |
$50,000 but under $100,000 | | | | | 4.75 | | | | | | 4.99 | | | | | | 4.25 | | |
$100,000 but under $250,000 | | | | | 3.75 | | | | | | 3.90 | | | | | | 3.25 | | |
$250,000 but under $500,000 | | | | | 2.75 | | | | | | 2.83 | | | | | | 2.25 | | |
$500,000 but under $1,000,000 | | | | | 2.00 | | | | | | 2.04 | | | | | | 1.75 | | |
$1,000,000 or more | | | | | None | | | | | | None | | | | | | None | | |
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
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Sales Charge as a
Percentage of Offering Price |
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Sales Charge as a
Percentage of Amount Invested |
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Dealer Discount as a
Percentage of Offering Price |
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Under $250,000 | | | | | 2.50 % | | | | | | 2.56 % | | | | | | 2.50 % | | |
$250,000 but under $500,000 | | | | | 2.00 | | | | | | 2.04 | | | | | | 2.00 | | |
$500,000 but under $1,000,000 | | | | | 1.50 | | | | | | 1.52 | | | | | | 1.50 | | |
$1,000,000 or more | | | | | 1.00 | | | | | | 1.01 | | | | | | 1.00 | | |
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To Open An Account
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| | Through a financial advisor | | | | Contact your advisor. Some advisors may charge a fee and may set different minimum investments or limitations on buying shares. | | |
| | Through the mail | | | | Complete a new account application and send it with a check payable to the fund. Mail them to: Virtus Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 9874, Providence, RI 02940-8074. | | |
| | Through express delivery | | | | Complete a new account application and send it with a check payable to the fund. Send them to: Virtus Mutual Funds, 4400 Computer Drive, Westborough, MA 01581-1722. | | |
| | By Federal Funds wire | | | | Call us at 800-243-1574 (press 1, then 0). | | |
| | By Systematic Purchase | | | | Complete the appropriate section on the application and send it with your initial investment payable to the fund. Mail them to: Virtus Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 9874, Providence, RI 02940-8074. | | |
| | By telephone exchange | | | | Call us at 800-243-1574 (press 1, then 0). | | |
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To Sell Shares
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| | Through a financial advisor | | | | Contact your advisor. Some advisors may charge a fee and may set different minimums on redemptions of accounts. | | |
| | Through the mail | | | | Send a letter of instruction to: Virtus Mutual Funds, P.O. Box 9874, Providence, RI 02940-8074. Be sure to include the registered owner’s name, fund and account number, and number of shares or dollar value you wish to sell. | | |
| | Through express delivery | | | | Send a letter of instruction to: Virtus Mutual Funds, 4400 Computer Drive, Westborough, MA 01581-1722. Be sure to include the registered owner’s name, fund and account number, and number of shares or dollar value you wish to sell. | | |
| | By telephone | | | | For sales up to $50,000, requests can be made by calling 800- 243-1574. | | |
| | By telephone exchange | | | | Call us at 800-243-1574 (press 1, then 0). | | |
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Fund
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Dividend Paid
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| | Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund | | | | Semiannually | | |
| Investment Company Act File No. 811-00945 | | | | |
| XXXX | | |
[3-18]
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TICKER SYMBOL BY CLASS
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FUND
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A
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C
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I
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R6
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T
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Virtus Contrarian Value Fund | | |
FMIVX
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FMICX
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PIMVX
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VMVRX
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VCVTX
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Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund | | |
PSTAX
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SSTFX
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PLXGX
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VSTGX
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Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund | | |
PPTAX
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PPTCX
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PIPTX
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VGQTX
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Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund | | |
VMACX
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VMCCX
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VIMCX
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VTMCX
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Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund | | |
PHSKX
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PSKCX
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PICMX
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VMGTX
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Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund | | |
PKSAX
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PKSCX
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PKSFX
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VSCRX
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VTSCX
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Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund | | |
PSGAX
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PSGCX
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PXSGX
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VSGTX
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Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund | | |
PQSAX
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PQSCX
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PXQSX
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VQSRX
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VQSTX
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Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund | | |
[TBD]
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[TBD]
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[TBD]
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[TBD]
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[TBD]
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Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund | | |
PDIAX
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PGICX
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PXIIX
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VTECX
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Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund | | |
PHBLX
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PSBCX
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VSATX
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Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund | | |
NAINX
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POICX
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VXTTX
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PAGE
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| | | | A-1 | | | |
| | | | B-1 | | |
| 1933 Act | | | The Securities Act of 1933, as amended | |
| 1940 Act | | | The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended | |
| ACH | | | Automated Clearing House, a nationwide electronic money transfer system that provides for the inter-bank clearing of credit and debit transactions and for the exchange of information among participating financial institutions | |
| Administrator | | | The Trust’s administrative agent, Virtus Fund Services, LLC | |
| ADRs | | | American Depositary Receipts | |
| ADSs | | | American Depositary Shares | |
| Adviser | | | The investment adviser to the Funds, Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc. | |
| BNY Mellon | | | BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc., the sub-administrative and accounting agent for the Funds | |
| Board | | | The Board of Trustees of Virtus Equity Trust (also referred to herein as the “Trustees”) | |
| Capital Growth Fund | | | Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund | |
| CCO | | | Chief Compliance Officer | |
| CDRs | | | Continental Depositary Receipts (another name for EDRs) | |
| CDSC | | | Contingent Deferred Sales Charge | |
| CEA | | | Commodity Exchange Act, which is the U.S. law governing trading in commodity futures | |
| CFTC | | | Commodity Futures Trading Commission, which is the U.S. regulator governing trading in commodity futures | |
| Code | | | The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which is the law governing U.S. federal taxes | |
| Contrarian Value Fund | | | Virtus Contrarian Value Fund | |
| Custodian | | | The custodian of the Funds’ assets, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. | |
| Distributor | | | The principal underwriter of shares of the Funds, VP Distributors, LLC | |
| Duff & Phelps | | | Duff & Phelps Investment Management Co., subadviser to the Strategic Allocation Fund (international equity portion) and Tactical Allocation Fund (international equity portion) | |
| EDRs | | | European Depositary Receipts (another name for CDRs) | |
| Enhanced Core Equity Fund | | | Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund | |
| ETFs | | | Exchange-traded Funds | |
| FHFA | | | Federal Housing Finance Agency, an independent Federal agency that regulates FNMA, FHLMC and the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks | |
| FHLMC | | | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, also known as “Freddie Mac”, which is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned entirely by private stockholders | |
| FINRA | | | Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, a self-regulatory organization with authority over registered broker-dealers operating in the United States, including VP Distributors | |
| Fitch | | | Fitch Ratings, Inc. | |
| FNMA | | | Federal National Mortgage Association, also known as “Fannie Mae”, which is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders and subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development | |
| Funds | | | The series of the Trust discussed in this SAI | |
| GDRs | | | Global Depositary Receipts | |
| GICs | | | Guaranteed Investment Contracts | |
| Global Quality Dividend Fund | | | Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund | |
| GNMA | | | Government National Mortgage Association, also known as “Ginnie Mae”, which is a wholly-owned United States Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development | |
| IMF | | | International Monetary Fund, an international organization seeking to promote international economic cooperation, international trade, employment and exchange rate stability, among other things | |
| Independent Trustees | | | Those members of the Board who are not “interested persons” as defined by the 1940 Act | |
| IRA | | | Individual Retirement Account | |
| IRS | | | The United States Internal Revenue Service, which is the arm of the U.S. government that administers and enforces the Code | |
| JPMorgan | | | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. | |
| KAR | | | Kayne Anderson Rudnick Investment Management, LLC, subadviser to the Capital Growth Fund, Global Quality Dividend Fund, Mid-Cap Core Fund, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Small-Cap Core Fund, Small-Cap Growth Fund, Small-Cap Value Fund, Small-Mid Cap Core Fund, Strategic Allocation Fund (domestic equity portion) and Tactical Allocation Fund (domestic equity portion) | |
| LIBOR | | | London Interbank Offering Rate, an interest rate at which banks can borrow funds, in marketable size, from other banks in the London interbank market | |
| Mid-Cap Core Fund | | | Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund | |
| Mid-Cap Growth Fund | | | Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund | |
| Moody’s | | | Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. | |
| NAV | | | Net Asset Value, which is the per-share price of a Fund | |
| Newfleet | | | Newfleet Asset Management, LLC, subadviser to the Strategic Allocation Fund (fixed income portion) and Tactical Allocation Fund (fixed income portion) | |
| NYSE | | | New York Stock Exchange | |
| OCC | | | Options Clearing Corporation, a large equity derivatives clearing corporation | |
| PERLS | | | Principal Exchange Rate Linked Securities | |
| PNX | | | Phoenix Life Insurance Company, which is the former parent company of Virtus Investment Partners, Inc., and certain of its corporate affiliates | |
| Prospectuses | | | The prospectuses for the Funds, as amended from time to time | |
| PwC | | | PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust | |
| Rampart | | | Rampart Investment Management Company, LLC, subadviser to the Enhanced Core Equity Fund | |
| Regulations | | | The Treasury Regulations promulgated under the Code | |
| RIC | | | Regulated Investment Company, a designation under the Code indicating a U.S.-registered investment company meeting the specifications under the Code allowing the investment company to be exempt from paying U.S. federal income taxes | |
| S&P | | | Standard & Poor’s Corporation | |
| S&P 500 ® Index | | | The Standard & Poor’s 500 ® Index, which is a free-float market capitalization-weighted index of 500 of the largest U.S. companies, calculated on a total return basis with dividends reinvested | |
| SAI | | | This Statement of Additional Information | |
| Sasco | | | Sasco Capital, Inc., subadviser to the Contrarian Value Fund | |
| SEC | | | U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission | |
| SIFMA | | | Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (formerly, the Bond Market Association), a financial industry trade group consisting of broker-dealers and asset managers across the United States | |
| Small-Cap Core Fund | | | Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund | |
| Small-Cap Growth Fund | | | Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund | |
| Small-Cap Value Fund | | | Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund | |
| Small-Mid Cap Core Fund | | | Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund | |
| SMBS | | | Stripped Mortgage-backed Securities | |
| Strategic Allocation Fund | | | Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund | |
| Tactical Allocation Fund | | | Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund | |
| Transfer Agent | | | The Trust’s transfer agent, Virtus Fund Services, LLC | |
| Trust | | | Virtus Equity Trust | |
| VIA | | | Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc., the Adviser to the Funds | |
| Virtus | | | Virtus Investment Partners, Inc., which is the parent company of the Adviser, the Distributor, the Administrator/Transfer Agent, Duff & Phelps, KAR, Newfleet and Rampart | |
| Virtus Fund Services | | | Virtus Fund Services, LLC, the Administrator/Transfer Agent to the Funds | |
| Virtus Mutual Funds | | | The family of funds consisting of the Funds, the series of Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, the series of Virtus Asset Trust, the series of Virtus Opportunities Trust and the series of Virtus Retirement Trust | |
| VP Distributors | | | VP Distributors, LLC, the Trust's Distributor | |
| VVIT | | | Virtus Variable Insurance Trust, a separate trust consisting of several series advised by VIA and distributed by VP Distributors | |
| World Bank | | | International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs | |
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Fund Type
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Fund
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Investment Objective(s)
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| | Asset Allocation | | | | Strategic Income Fund * | | | | The fund has investment objectives of reasonable income, long-term capital growth and conservation of capital. | | |
| | | | | | Tactical Allocation Fund * | | | | The fund has investment objectives of capital appreciation and income. | | |
| | Equity | | | | Capital Growth Fund * | | | | The fund has an investment objective of long-term capital growth. | | |
| | | | | | Contrarian Value Fund * | | | | The fund has an investment objective of long-term growth of capital. | | |
| | | | | | Enhanced Core Equity Fund * | | | | The fund has investment objectives of capital appreciation and current income. | | |
| | | | | | Global Quality Dividend Fund * | | | | The fund has an investment objective of total return, consisting of capital appreciation and current income. | | |
| | | | | | Mid-Cap Core Fund | | | | The fund has an investment objective of long-term capital appreciation. | | |
| | | | | | Mid-Cap Growth Fund * | | | | The fund has an investment objective of capital appreciation. | | |
| | | | | | Small-Cap Core Fund * | | | | The fund has an investment objective of long-term capital appreciation, with dividend income a secondary consideration. | | |
| | | | | | Small-Cap Growth Fund * | | | | The fund has an investment objective of long-term capital appreciation. | | |
| | | | | | Small-Cap Value Fund * | | | | The fund has an investment objective of long-term capital appreciation. | | |
| | | | | | Small-Mid Cap Core Fund | | | | The fund has an investment objective of long-term capital appreciation, with dividend income a secondary consideration. | | |
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Type of Service Provider
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Name of Service Provider
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Timing of Release of Portfolio
Holdings Information |
| |
| | Adviser | | | | VIA | | | | Daily, with no delay | | |
| | Subadviser | | | | Duff & Phelps | | | | Daily, with no delay | | |
| | Subadviser | | | | KAR | | | | Daily, with no delay | | |
| | Subadviser | | | | Newfleet | | | | Daily, with no delay | | |
| | Subadviser | | | | Rampart | | | | Daily, with no delay | | |
| | Subadviser | | | | Sasco | | | | Daily, with no delay | | |
| | Administrator | | | | Virtus Fund Services, LLC | | | | Daily, with no delay | | |
| | Distributor | | | | VP Distributors, LLC | | | | Daily, with no delay | | |
| | Custodian | | | | JPMorgan | | | | Daily, with no delay | | |
| | Sub-Financial Agent | | | | BNY Mellon | | | | Daily, with no delay | | |
| |
Type of Service Provider
|
| | |
Name of Service Provider
|
| | |
Timing of Release of Portfolio
Holdings Information |
| |
| | Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | | | | PwC | | | | Annual Reporting Period, within 5 business days of end of reporting period | | |
| | Typesetting and Printing Firm for Financial Reports | | | | RR Donnelley & Sons Co. | | | | Quarterly, within 15 days of end of reporting period. | | |
| | Proxy Voting Service | | | | Institutional Shareholder Services | | | | Daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly depending on subadviser | | |
| | Reconciliation System for all Funds subadvised by KAR | | | | Fiserv, Inc. | | | | Daily | | |
| | Portfolio Redistribution Firms | | | | Thomson Financial LLC | | | | Quarterly, with 20 day delay | | |
| | Performance Analytics Firm | | | | FactSet Research Systems, Inc | | | | Daily, with no delay | | |
| | Class Action Service Provider | | | | Battea Class Action Services, LLC | | | | Daily, with no delay | | |
| | Financial Consulting Firm | | | | Rogercasey | | | | Monthly, with four day delay | | |
| | Back-end Compliance Monitoring System | | | | Financial Tracking Technologies, LLC | | | | Daily, with no delay | | |
| | Portfolio Redistribution Firms | | | | Bloomberg, Standard & Poor’s and Thomson Reuters | | | | Various frequencies depending on the fund, which includes: Calendar quarter with 30-day delay and fiscal quarter with a 60-day delay. | | |
| | Rating Agencies | | | | Lipper Inc. and Morningstar | | | | Various frequencies depending on the fund, which includes: Calendar quarter with 30-day delay and fiscal quarter with a 60-day delay. | | |
| | Virtus Public Web site | | | | Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. | | | | Various frequencies depending on the fund, which includes: Calendar quarter with 30-day delay and fiscal quarter with a 60-day delay. | | |
| |
Trust
|
| | |
Fund
|
| | |
Class/Shares
|
| | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
A
|
| | |
C
|
| | |
C1
|
| | |
I
|
| | |
R
|
| | |
R6
|
| | |
T
|
| | |||||||||
| |
Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust
|
| | |
Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| |
| Duff & Phelps Select MLP and Energy Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| |
| |
Trust
|
| | |
Fund
|
| | |
Class/Shares
|
| | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
A
|
| | |
C
|
| | |
C1
|
| | |
I
|
| | |
R
|
| | |
R6
|
| | |
T
|
| | |||||||||
| |
Virtus Asset Trust
|
| | |
Ceredex Large-Cap Value Equity Fund
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| |
| Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Ceredex Small-Cap Value Equity Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Conservative Allocation Strategy Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Growth Allocation Strategy Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Seix Core Bond Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Seix Corporate Bond Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
|
Seix Floating Rate High Income Fund
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
|
Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Seix High Grade Municipal Bond Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Seix High Income Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Seix High Yield Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Seix Investment Grade Tax-Exempt Bond Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Seix Limited Duration Fund | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Seix Short-Term Bond Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Seix Total Return Bond Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Seix U.S. Government Securities Ultra-Short Bond Fund | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Seix U.S. Mortgage Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Seix Ultra-Short Bond Fund | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
|
Silvant Large-Cap Growth Stock Fund
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
|
Silvant Small-Cap Growth Stock Fund
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| WCM International Equity Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Zevenbergen Innovative Growth Stock Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| |
| |
Trust
|
| | |
Fund
|
| | |
Class/Shares
|
| | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
A
|
| | |
C
|
| | |
C1
|
| | |
I
|
| | |
R
|
| | |
R6
|
| | |
T
|
| | |||||||||
| |
Virtus Opportunities Trust
|
| | |
Duff & Phelps Global Infrastructure Fund
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| |
| Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Duff & Phelps International Equity Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Duff & Phelps International Real Estate Securities Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Herzfeld Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Horizon International Wealth Masters Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Horizon Wealth Masters Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| KAR Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| KAR International Small-Cap Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Newfleet Bond Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Newfleet CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Newfleet High Yield Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
|
Rampart Alternatives Diversifier Fund
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Rampart Equity Trend Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Rampart Global Equity Trend Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Rampart Low Volatility Equity Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Rampart Multi-Asset Trend Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Rampart Sector Trend Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
|
Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Vontobel Global Opportunities Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| Vontobel Greater European Opportunities Fund | | | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | |
|
| | |
X
|
| |
| |
Trust
|
| | |
Fund
|
| | |
Class/Shares
|
| | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
A
|
| | |
C
|
| | |
C1
|
| | |
I
|
| | |
R
|
| | |
R6
|
| | |
T
|
| | |||||||||
| |
Virtus Retirement Trust
|
| | |
DFA 2015 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
|
| | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| |
| DFA 2020 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| DFA 2025 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| DFA 2030 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| DFA 2035 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| DFA 2040 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| DFA 2045 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| DFA 2050 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| DFA 2055 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| | |||||
| DFA 2060 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | | | |
X
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
X
|
| | |
|
| | |
X
|
| | |
X
|
| |
Investment Technique
|
| |
Description and Risks
|
| |
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
Debt Investing
|
| |
Each Fund may invest in debt, or fixed income, securities. Debt, or fixed income, securities (which include corporate bonds, commercial paper, debentures, notes, government securities, municipal obligations, state- or state agency-issued obligations, obligations of foreign issuers, asset- or mortgage-backed securities, and other obligations) are used by issuers to borrow money and thus are debt obligations of the issuer. Holders of debt securities are creditors of the issuer, normally ranking ahead of holders of both common and preferred stock as to dividends or upon liquidation. The issuer usually pays a fixed, variable, or floating rate of interest and must repay the amount borrowed at the security’s maturity. Some debt securities, such as zero-coupon securities (discussed below), do not pay interest but may be sold at a deep discount from their face value.
Yields on debt securities depend on a variety of factors, including the general conditions of the money, bond, and note markets, the size of a particular offering, the maturity date of the obligation, and the rating of the issue. Debt securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields and are generally subject to greater price fluctuations in response to changes in market conditions than obligations with shorter maturities. An increase in interest rates generally will reduce the market value of portfolio debt securities, while a decline in interest rates generally will increase the value of the same securities. The achievement of a Fund’s investment objective depends in part on the continuing ability of the issuers of the debt securities in which the Fund invests to meet their obligations for the payment of principal and interest when due. Obligations of issuers of debt securities are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency, sovereign immunity, and other laws that affect the rights and remedies of creditors. There is also the possibility that, as a result of litigation or other conditions, the ability of an issuer to pay, when due, the principal of and interest on its debt securities may be materially affected.
|
| | | |
Convertible Securities
|
| |
A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, or other security that entitles the holder to acquire common stock or other equity securities of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specific price or formula. It generally entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued until the security matures or is redeemed, converted, or exchanged. Convertible securities may have several unique investment characteristics such as (1) higher yields than common stocks, but lower yields than comparable nonconvertible securities, (2) a lesser degree of fluctuation in value than the underlying stock since they have fixed income characteristics and (3) the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases.
Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to nonconvertible debt securities. Convertible securities often rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure and, therefore, are often viewed as entailing less risk than the corporation’s common stock, although the extent to which this is true depends in large measure on the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed income security. However, because convertible securities are often viewed by the issuer as future
|
| | | |
Investment Technique
|
| |
Description and Risks
|
| |
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
| | |
common stock, they are often subordinated to other senior securities and therefore are rated one category lower than the issuer’s nonconvertible debt obligations or preferred stock.
A convertible security may be subject to redemption or conversion at the option of the issuer at a predetermined price. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund could be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security and convert it to the underlying common stock. The Fund generally would invest in convertible securities for their favorable price characteristics and total return potential, and would normally not exercise an option to convert. The Fund might be more willing to convert such securities to common stock.
A Fund’s subadviser will select only those convertible securities for which it believes (a) the underlying common stock is a suitable investment for the Fund and (b) a greater potential for total return exists by purchasing the convertible security because of its higher yield and/or favorable market valuation. However, the Fund may invest in convertible debt securities rated less than investment grade. Debt securities rated less than investment grade are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” (For information about debt securities rated less than investment grade, see “High-Yield/High-Risk Fixed Income Securities (Junk Bonds)” under “Debt Investing” in this section of the SAI; for additional information about ratings on debt obligations, see Appendix A to this SAI.)
|
| | | |
Corporate Debt Securities
|
| |
Each Fund may invest in debt securities issued by corporations, limited partnerships and other similar entities. A Fund’s investments in debt securities of domestic or foreign corporate issuers include bonds, debentures, notes and other similar corporate debt instruments, including convertible securities that meet the Fund’s minimum ratings criteria or if unrated are, in the Fund’s subadviser’s opinion, comparable in quality to corporate debt securities that meet those criteria. The rate of return or return of principal on some debt obligations may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies or to the value of commodities, such as gold.
|
| | | |
Dollar-denominated Foreign Debt Securities (“Yankee Bonds”)
|
| |
Each Fund may invest in “Yankee bonds”, which are dollar-denominated instruments issued in the U.S. market by foreign branches of U.S. banks and U.S. branches of foreign banks. Since these instruments are dollar-denominated, they are not affected by variations in currency exchange rates. They are influenced primarily by interest rate levels in the United States and by the financial condition of the issuer, or of the issuer’s foreign parent. However, investing in these instruments may present a greater degree of risk than investing in domestic securities, due to less publicly available information, less securities regulation, war or expropriation. Special considerations may include higher brokerage costs and thinner trading markets. Investments in foreign countries could be affected by other factors including extended settlement periods. (See “Foreign Investing” in this section of the SAI for additional information about investing in foreign countries.)
|
| | | |
Duration
|
| |
Duration is a time measure of a bond’s interest-rate sensitivity, based on the weighted average of the time periods over which a bond’s cash flows accrue to the bondholder. Time periods are weighted by multiplying by the present value of its cash flow divided by the bond’s price. (A bond’s cash flows consist of coupon payments and repayment of capital.) A bond’s duration will almost always be shorter than its maturity, with the exception of zero-coupon bonds, for which maturity and duration are equal.
|
| | | |
Investment Technique
|
| |
Description and Risks
|
| |
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
|
Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs)
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Generally, ETNs are senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities whose returns are linked to the performance of a particular market benchmark or strategy minus applicable fees. ETNs are traded on an exchange during normal trading hours. However, investors can also hold the ETN until maturity. At maturity, the issuer pays to the investor a cash amount equal to the principal amount, subject to the day’s market benchmark or strategy factor.
ETNs do not make periodic coupon payments or provide principal protection. ETNs are subject to credit risk, and the value of the ETN may drop due to a downgrade in the issuer’s credit rating, despite the underlying market benchmark or strategy remaining unchanged. The value of an ETN may also be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying assets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating, and economic, legal, political, or geographic events that affect the referenced underlying asset. When a Fund invests in ETNs it will bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by the ETN. The Fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. In addition, although an ETN may be listed on an exchange, the issuer may not be required to maintain the listing, and there can be no assurance that a secondary market will exist for an ETN.
ETNs are also subject to tax risk. No assurance can be given that the IRS will accept, or a court will uphold, how a Fund characterizes and treats ETNs for tax purposes. Further, the IRS and Congress are considering proposals that would change the timing and character of income and gains from ETNs.
An ETN that is tied to a specific market benchmark or strategy may not be able to replicate and maintain exactly the composition and relative weighting of securities, commodities or other components in the applicable market benchmark or strategy. Some ETNs that use leverage can, at times, be relatively illiquid and, thus, they may be difficult to purchase or sell at a fair price. Leveraged ETNs are subject to the same risks as other instruments that use leverage in any form.
The market value of ETNs may differ from that of their market benchmark or strategy. This difference in price may be due to the fact that the supply and demand in the market for ETNs at any point in time is not always identical to the supply and demand in the market for the securities, commodities or other components underlying the market benchmark or strategy that the ETN seeks to track. As a result, there may be times when an ETN trades at a premium or discount to its market benchmark or strategy.
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High-Yield/High-Risk Fixed Income Securities (“Junk Bonds”)
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Investments in securities rated “BB” or below by S&P or Fitch, or “Ba” or below by Moody’s generally provide greater income (leading to the name “high-yield” securities) and opportunity for capital appreciation than investments in higher quality securities, but they also typically entail greater price volatility, liquidity, and principal and income risk. These securities are regarded as predominantly speculative as to the issuer’s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payment obligations. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of lower-quality debt securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher-quality debt securities.
Interest-bearing securities typically experience appreciation when interest rates decline and depreciation when interest rates rise. The market values of low-rated securities tend to reflect individual corporate developments to a greater extent than do higher-rated securities, which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. Low-rated securities also tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than higher-rated securities. As a result, they
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generally involve more credit risks than securities in the higher-rated categories. During an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers of low-rated securities may experience financial stress and may not have sufficient revenues to meet their payment obligations. The issuer’s ability to service its debt obligations may also be adversely affected by specific corporate developments, the issuer’s inability to meet specific projected business forecasts or the unavailability of additional financing. The risk of loss due to default by an issuer of low-rated securities is generally considered to be significantly greater than issuers of higher-rated securities because such securities are usually unsecured and are often subordinated to other creditors. Further, if the issuer of a low-rated security defaulted, the applicable Fund might incur additional expenses in seeking recovery. Periods of economic uncertainty and changes would also generally result in increased volatility in the market prices of low-rated securities and thus in the applicable Fund’s NAV.
Low-rated securities often contain redemption, call or prepayment provisions which permit the issuer of the securities containing such provisions to, at its discretion, redeem the securities. During periods of falling interest rates, issuers of low-rated securities are likely to redeem or prepay the securities and refinance them with debt securities with a lower interest rate. To the extent an issuer is able to refinance the securities or otherwise redeem them, the applicable Fund may have to replace the securities with a lower yielding security which would result in lower returns for the Fund.
A Fund may have difficulty disposing of certain low-rated securities because there may be a thin trading market for such securities. Because not all dealers maintain markets in all low-rated securities, there is no established retail secondary market for many of these securities. The Funds anticipate that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of dealers or institutional investors. To the extent a secondary trading market does exist, it is generally not as liquid as the secondary market for higher-rated securities. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the market price of the security, and accordingly, the NAV of a particular Fund and its ability to dispose of particular securities when necessary to meet its liquidity needs, or in response to a specific economic event, or an event such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer. The lack of a liquid secondary market for certain securities may also make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing its respective portfolio. Market quotations are generally available on many low-rated issues only from a limited number of dealers and may not necessarily represent firm bids of such dealers or prices for actual sales. During periods of thin trading, the spread between bid and asked prices is likely to increase significantly. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of low-rated securities, especially in a thinly-traded market. If a Fund experiences unexpected net redemptions, it may be forced to liquidate a portion of its portfolio securities without regard to their investment merits. Due to the limited liquidity of low-rated securities, the Fund may be forced to liquidate these securities at a substantial discount. Any such liquidation would reduce the Fund’s asset base over which expenses could be allocated and could result in a reduced rate of return for the Fund.
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Inverse Floating Rate Obligations
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Certain variable rate securities pay interest at a rate that varies inversely to prevailing short-term interest rates (sometimes referred to as inverse floaters). For example, upon reset the interest rate payable on a security may go down when the underlying index has risen. During periods when short-term interest rates are relatively low as
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| | No Fund will invest more than 5% of its assets in inverse floaters. | |
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compared to long-term interest rates, the Fund may attempt to enhance its yield by purchasing inverse floaters. Certain inverse floaters may have an interest rate reset mechanism that multiplies the effects of changes in the underlying index. While this form of leverage may increase the security’s yield, it may also increase the volatility of the security’s market value.
Similar to other variable and floating rate obligations, effective use of inverse floaters requires skills different from those needed to select most portfolio securities. If movements in interest rates are incorrectly anticipated, a Fund holding these instruments could lose money and its NAV could decline.
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Letters of Credit
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Debt obligations, including municipal obligations, certificates of participation, commercial paper and other short-term obligations, may be backed by an irrevocable letter of credit of a bank that assumes the obligation for payment of principal and interest in the event of default by the issuer. Only banks that, in the opinion of the relevant Fund’s subadviser, are of investment quality comparable to other permitted investments of the Fund may be used for Letter of Credit-backed investments.
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Loan and Debt Participations and Assignments
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A loan participation agreement involves the purchase of a share of a loan made by a bank to a company in return for a corresponding share of the borrower’s principal and interest payments. Loan participations of the type in which the Fund may invest include interests in both secured and unsecured corporate loans. When a Fund purchases loan assignments from lenders, it will acquire direct rights against the borrower, but these rights and the Fund’s obligations may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assignment lender. The principal credit risk associated with acquiring loan participation and assignment interests is the credit risk associated with the underlying corporate borrower. There is also a risk that there may not be a readily available market for participation loan interests and, in some cases, this could result in the Fund disposing of such securities at a substantial discount from face value or holding such securities until maturity.
In the event that a corporate borrower failed to pay its scheduled interest or principal payments on participations held by the Fund, the market value of the affected participation would decline, resulting in a loss of value of such investment to the Fund. Accordingly, such participations are speculative and may result in the income level and net assets of the Fund being reduced. Moreover, loan participation agreements generally limit the right of a participant to resell its interest in the loan to a third party and, as a result, loan participations may be deemed by the Fund to be illiquid investments. A Fund will invest only in participations with respect to borrowers whose creditworthiness is, or is determined by the Fund’s subadviser to be, substantially equivalent to that of issuers whose senior unsubordinated debt securities are rated B or higher by Moody’s or S&P. For the purposes of diversification and/or concentration calculations, both the borrower and issuer will be considered an “issuer.”
The Funds may purchase from banks participation interests in all or part of specific holdings of debt obligations. Each participation interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit or guarantee of the selling bank that the relevant Fund’s subadviser has determined meets the prescribed quality standards of the Fund. Thus, even if the credit of the issuer of the debt obligation does not meet the quality standards of the Fund, the credit of the selling bank will.
Loan participations and assignments may be illiquid and therefore subject to the Funds’ limitations on investments in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
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Municipal Securities and Related Investments
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Tax-exempt municipal securities are debt obligations issued by the various states and their subdivisions (e.g., cities, counties, towns, and school districts) to raise funds, generally for various public improvements requiring long-term capital investment. Purposes for which tax-exempt bonds are issued include flood control, airports, bridges and highways, housing, medical facilities, schools, mass transportation and power, water or sewage plants, as well as others. Tax-exempt bonds also are occasionally issued to retire outstanding obligations, to obtain funds for operating expenses or to loan to other public or, in some cases, private sector organizations or to individuals.
Yields on municipal securities are dependent on a variety of factors, including the general conditions of the money market and the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligations and the rating of the issue. Municipal securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields and are generally subject to potentially greater capital appreciation and depreciation than obligations with shorter maturities and lower yields. The market prices of municipal securities usually vary, depending upon available yields. An increase in interest rates will generally reduce the value of portfolio investments, and a decline in interest rates will generally increase the value of portfolio investments. The ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective is also dependent on the continuing ability of the issuers of municipal securities in which the Fund invests to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal when due. The ratings of Moody’s and S&P represent their opinions as to the quality of municipal securities which they undertake to rate. Ratings are not absolute standards of quality; consequently, municipal securities with the same maturity, coupon, and rating may have different yields. There are variations in municipal securities, both within a particular classification and between classifications, depending on numerous factors. It should also be pointed out that, unlike other types of investments, municipal securities have traditionally not been subject to regulation by, or registration with, the SEC, although there have been proposals which would provide for such regulation in the future.
The federal bankruptcy statutes relating to the debts of political subdivisions and authorities of states of the United States provide that, in certain circumstances, such subdivisions or authorities may be authorized to initiate bankruptcy proceedings without prior notice to or consent of creditors, which proceedings could result in material and adverse changes in the rights of holders of their obligations.
Lawsuits challenging the validity under state constitutions of present systems of financing public education have been initiated or adjusted in a number of states, and legislation has been introduced to effect changes in public school financing in some states. In other instances there have been lawsuits challenging the issuance of pollution control revenue bonds or the validity of their issuance under state or federal law which could ultimately affect the validity of those municipal securities or the tax-free nature of the interest thereon.
Descriptions of some of the municipal securities and related investment types most commonly acquired by the Funds are provided below. In addition to those shown, other types of municipal investments are, or may become, available for investment by the Funds. For the purpose of each Fund’s investment restrictions set forth in this SAI, the identification of the “issuer” of a municipal security which is not a general obligation bond is made by the applicable Fund’s subadviser on the basis of the characteristics of the obligation, the most significant of which is the source of funds for the payment of principal and interest on such security.
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Municipal Bonds
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Municipal bonds, which meet longer-term capital needs and generally have maturities of more than one year when issued, have two principal classifications: general obligation bonds and revenue bonds. Another type of municipal bond is referred to as an industrial development bond.
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General Obligation Bonds | | |
Issuers of general obligation bonds include states, counties, cities, towns, and regional districts. The proceeds of these obligations are used to fund a wide range of public projects, including construction or improvement of schools, highways and roads, and water and sewer systems. The basic security behind general obligation bonds is the issuer’s pledge of its full faith and credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. The taxes that can be levied for the payment of debt service may be limited or unlimited as to the rate or amount of special assessments.
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Industrial Development Bonds | | |
Industrial development bonds, which are considered municipal bonds if the interest paid is exempt from Federal income tax, are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to raise money to finance various privately operated facilities for business and manufacturing, housing, sports arenas and pollution control. These bonds are also used to finance public facilities such as airports, mass transit systems, ports and parking. The payment of the principal and interest on such bonds is dependent solely on the ability of the facility’s user to meet its financial obligations and the pledge, if any, of real and personal property so financed as security for such payment.
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Revenue Bonds | | |
The principal security for a revenue bond is generally the net revenues derived from a particular facility, group of facilities, or, in some cases, the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source. Revenue bonds are issued to finance a wide variety of capital projects including: electric, gas, water and sewer systems; highways, bridges, and tunnels; port and airport facilities; colleges and universities; and hospitals. Although the principal security behind these bonds may vary, many provide additional security in the form of a debt service reserve fund whose money may be used to make principal and interest payments on the issuer’s obligations. Housing finance authorities have a wide range of security; including partially or fully insured mortgages, rent subsidized and/or collateralized mortgages, and/or the net revenues from housing or other public projects. Some authorities provide further security in the form of a state’s ability (without obligation) to make up deficiencies in the debt service reserve fund.
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Municipal Leases
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Each Fund may acquire participations in lease obligations or installment purchase contract obligations (hereinafter collectively called “lease obligations”) of municipal authorities or entities. Although lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the municipality for which the municipality’s taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation may be backed by the municipality’s covenant to budget for, appropriate, and make the payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. In addition to the “non-appropriation” risk, these securities represent a relatively new type of financing that has not yet developed the depth of marketability associated with more conventional bonds. In the case of a “non-appropriation” lease, the Fund’s ability to recover under the lease in the event of non-appropriation or default will be limited solely to the repossession of the leased property in the event foreclosure might prove difficult. The Fund’s subadviser will evaluate the credit quality of a municipal lease and whether it will be
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considered liquid. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Investments” in this section of the SAI for information regarding the implications of these investments being considered illiquid.)
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Municipal Notes
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Municipal notes generally are used to provide for short-term working capital needs and generally have maturities of one year or less. Municipal notes include bond anticipation notes, construction loan notes, revenue anticipation notes and tax anticipation notes.
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Bond Anticipation Notes | | |
Bond anticipation notes are issued to provide interim financing until long-term financing can be arranged. In most cases, the long-term bonds then provide the money for the repayment of the notes.
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Construction Loan Notes | | |
Construction loan notes are sold to provide construction financing. After successful completion and acceptance, many projects receive permanent financing through FNMA or GNMA.
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Revenue Anticipation Notes | | |
Revenue anticipation notes are issued in expectation of receipt of other types of revenue, such as Federal revenues available under Federal revenue sharing programs.
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Tax Anticipation Notes
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Tax anticipation notes are issued to finance working capital needs of municipalities. Generally, they are issued in anticipation of various seasonal tax revenue, such as income, sales, use and business taxes, and are payable from these specific future taxes.
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Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper
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Tax-exempt commercial paper is a short-term obligation with a stated maturity of 365 days or less. It is issued by state and local governments or their agencies to finance seasonal working capital needs or as short-term financing in anticipation of longer-term financing.
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Participation on Creditors’ Committees
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While the Funds do not invest in securities to exercise control over the securities’ issuers, each Fund may, from time to time, participate on committees formed by creditors to negotiate with the management of financially troubled issuers of securities held by the Fund. Such participation may subject the relevant Fund to expenses such as legal fees and may deem the Fund an “insider” of the issuer for purposes of the Federal securities laws, and expose the Fund to material non-public information of the issuer, and therefore may restrict the Fund’s ability to purchase or sell a particular security when it might otherwise desire to do so. Participation by a Fund on such committees also may expose the Fund to potential liabilities under the federal bankruptcy laws or other laws governing the rights of creditors and debtors. A Fund will participate on such committees only when the Fund’s subadviser believes that such participation is necessary or desirable to enforce the Fund’s rights as a creditor or to protect the value of securities held by the Fund.
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Payable in Kind (“PIK”) Bonds
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PIK bonds are obligations which provide that the issuer thereof may, at its option, pay interest on such bonds in cash or “in kind”, which means in the form of additional debt securities. Such securities benefit the issuer by mitigating its need for cash to meet debt service, but also require a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of such cash. The Funds will accrue income on such investments for tax and accounting purposes, which is distributable to shareholders and which, because no cash is received at the time of accrual, may require the liquidation of other portfolio securities to satisfy the Funds’ distribution obligations. The market prices of PIK bonds generally are more volatile than the market prices of securities that pay interest periodically, and they are likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than would otherwise similar bonds on which regular cash payments of interest are being made.
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in connection with any restructuring of the issuer’s obligations or in otherwise enforcing their rights thereunder.
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Brady Bonds
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Each Fund may invest a portion of its assets in certain sovereign debt obligations known as “Brady Bonds.” Brady Bonds are issued under the framework of the Brady Plan, an initiative announced by former U.S. Treasury Secretary Nicholas F. Brady in 1989 as a mechanism for debtor nations to restructure their outstanding external indebtedness. The Brady Plan contemplates, among other things, the debtor nation’s adoption of certain economic reforms and the exchange of commercial bank debt for newly issued bonds. In restructuring its external debt under the Brady Plan framework, a debtor nation negotiates with its existing bank lenders as well as the World Bank or the IMF. The World Bank or IMF supports the restructuring by providing funds pursuant to loan agreements or other arrangements that enable the debtor nation to collateralize the new Brady Bonds or to replenish reserves used to reduce outstanding bank debt. Under these loan agreements or other arrangements with the World Bank or IMF, debtor nations have been required to agree to implement certain domestic monetary and fiscal reforms. The Brady Plan sets forth only general guiding principles for economic reform and debt reduction, emphasizing that solutions must be negotiated on a case-by-case basis between debtor nations and their creditors.
Brady Bonds are often viewed as having three or four valuation components: (i) the collateralized repayment of principal at final maturity; (ii) the collateralized interest payments; (iii) the uncollateralized interest payments; and (iv) any uncollateralized repayment of principal at maturity (these uncollateralized amounts constitute the “residual risk”). In light of the residual risk of Brady Bonds and, among other factors, the history of defaults with respect to commercial bank loans by public and private entities of countries issuing Brady Bonds, investments in Brady Bonds can be viewed as speculative.
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Stand-by Commitments
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Each Fund may purchase securities together with the right to resell them to the seller or a third party at an agreed-upon price or yield within specified periods prior to their maturity dates. Such a right to resell is commonly known as a stand-by commitment, and the aggregate price which a Fund pays for securities with a stand-by commitment may increase the cost, and thereby reduce the yield, of the security. The primary purpose of this practice is to permit the Fund to be as fully invested as practicable in municipal securities while preserving the necessary flexibility and liquidity to meet unanticipated redemptions. Stand-by commitments acquired by a Fund are valued at zero in determining the Fund’s NAV. Stand-by commitments involve certain expenses and risks, including the inability of the issuer of the commitment to pay for the securities at the time the commitment is exercised, non-marketability of the commitment, and differences between the maturity of the underlying security and the maturity of the commitment.
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Strip Bonds
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Strip bonds are debt securities that are stripped of their interest (usually by a financial intermediary) after the securities are issued. The market value of these securities generally fluctuates more in response to changes in interest rates than interest-paying securities of comparable maturity.
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Tender Option Bonds
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Tender option bonds are relatively long-term bonds that are coupled with the option to tender the securities to a bank, broker-dealer or other financial institution at periodic intervals and receive the face value of the bond. This investment structure is commonly used as a means of enhancing a security’s liquidity.
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Variable and Floating Rate Obligations
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Each Fund may purchase securities having a floating or variable rate of interest. These securities pay interest at rates that are adjusted periodically according to a specific formula, usually with reference to some interest rate index or market interest rate (the “underlying index”). The floating rate tends to decrease the security’s price sensitivity to changes in interest rates. These securities may carry demand features permitting the holder to demand payment of principal at any time or at specified intervals prior to maturity. Accordingly, as interest rates decrease or increase, the potential for capital appreciation or depreciation is less than for fixed-rate obligations.
In order to most effectively use these investments, a Fund’s subadviser must correctly assess probable movements in interest rates. This involves different skills than those used to select most other portfolio securities. If the Fund’s subadviser incorrectly forecasts such movements, the Fund could be adversely affected by the use of variable or floating rate obligations.
The floating and variable rate obligations that the Funds may purchase include variable rate demand securities. Variable rate demand securities are variable rate securities that have demand features entitling the purchaser to resell the securities to the issuer at an amount approximately equal to amortized cost or the principal amount thereof plus accrued interest, which may be more or less than the price that the Fund paid for them. The interest rate on variable rate demand securities also varies either according to some objective standard, such as an index of short-term, tax-exempt rates, or according to rates set by or on behalf of the issuer.
When a Fund purchases a floating or variable rate demand instrument, the Fund’s subadviser will monitor, on an ongoing basis, the ability of the issuer to pay principal and interest on demand. The Fund’s right to obtain payment at par on a demand instrument could be affected by events occurring between the date the Fund elects to demand payment and the date payment is due that may affect the ability of the issuer of the instrument to make payment when due, except when such demand instrument permits same day settlement. To facilitate settlement, these same day demand instruments may be held in book entry form at a bank other than the Funds’ custodian subject to a sub-custodian agreement between the bank and the Funds’ custodian.
The floating and variable rate obligations that the Funds may purchase also include certificates of participation in such obligations purchased from banks. A certificate of participation gives the Fund an undivided interest in the underlying obligations in the proportion that the Fund’s interest bears to the total principal amount of the obligation. Certain certificates of participation may carry a demand feature that would permit the holder to tender them back to the issuer prior to maturity.
The income received on certificates of participation in tax-exempt municipal obligations constitutes interest from tax-exempt obligations.
Each Fund will limit its purchases of floating and variable rate obligations to those of the same quality as it otherwise is allowed to purchase. Similar to fixed rate debt instruments, variable and floating rate instruments are subject to changes in value based on changes in prevailing market interest rates or changes in the issuer’s creditworthiness.
A floating or variable rate instrument may be subject to a Fund’s percentage limitation on illiquid securities if there is no reliable trading market for the instrument or if the Fund may not demand payment of
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the principal amount within seven days. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
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Zero and Deferred Coupon Debt Securities
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Each Fund may invest in debt obligations that do not make any interest payments for a specified period of time prior to maturity (“deferred coupon” bonds) or until maturity (“zero coupon” bonds). The nonpayment of interest on a current basis may result from the bond’s having no stated interest rate, in which case the bond pays only principal at maturity and is normally initially issued at a discount from face value. Alternatively, the bond may provide for a stated rate of interest, but provide that such interest is not payable until maturity, in which case the bond may initially be issued at par. The value to the investor of these types of bonds is represented by the economic accretion either of the difference between the purchase price and the nominal principal amount (if no interest is stated to accrue) or of accrued, unpaid interest during the bond’s life or payment deferral period.
Because deferred and zero coupon bonds do not make interest payments for a certain period of time, they are generally purchased by a Fund at a deep discount and their value fluctuates more in response to interest rate changes than does the value of debt obligations that make current interest payments. The degree of fluctuation with interest rate changes is greater when the deferred period is longer. Therefore, when a Fund invests in zero or deferred coupon bonds, there is a risk that the value of the Fund’s shares may decline more as a result of an increase in interest rates than would be the case if the Fund did not invest in such bonds.
Even though zero and deferred coupon bonds may not pay current interest in cash, each Fund is required to accrue interest income on such investments and to distribute such amounts to shareholders. Thus, a Fund would not be able to purchase income-producing securities to the extent cash is used to pay such distributions, and, therefore, the Fund’s current income could be less than it otherwise would have been. Instead of using cash, the Fund might liquidate investments in order to satisfy these distribution requirements.
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Derivative Investments
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Each Fund may invest in various types of derivatives, which may at times result in significant derivative exposure. A derivative is a financial instrument whose performance is derived from the performance of another asset. Each Fund may invest in derivative instruments including, but not limited to: futures contracts, put options, call options, options on future contracts, options on foreign currencies, swaps, forward contracts, structured investments, and other equity-linked derivatives.
Each Fund may use derivative instruments for hedging (to offset risks associated with an investment, currency exposure, or market conditions) or in pursuit of its investment objective(s) and policies (to seek to enhance returns). When a Fund invests in a derivative, the risks of loss of that derivative may be greater than the derivative’s cost. No Fund may use any derivative to gain exposure to an asset or class of assets that it would be prohibited by its investment restrictions from purchasing directly. In addition to other considerations, a Fund’s ability to use derivative instruments may be limited by tax considerations. (See “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” in this SAI.)
Investments in derivatives may subject a Fund to special risks in addition to normal market fluctuations and other risks inherent in investment in securities. For example, a percentage of the Fund’s assets may be segregated to cover its obligations with respect to the derivative investment, which may make it more difficult for the Fund’s subadviser to meet redemption requests or other short-term obligations.
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Investments in derivatives in general are also subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. Investments in derivatives may not directly correlate with the price movements of the underlying instrument. As a result, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to additional risks that it would not be subject to if it invested directly in the securities underlying those derivatives. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than otherwise would be the case.
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Commodity Interests
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Certain of the derivative investment types permitted for the Funds may be considered commodity interests for purposes of the CEA and regulations approved by the CFTC. However, each Fund intends to limit the use of such investment types as required to qualify for exclusion or exemption from being considered a “commodity pool” or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in commodity interests under such regulations. As a result, except as otherwise noted below each Fund has filed a notice of exclusion under CFTC Regulation 4.5 or exemption under CFTC Regulation 4.13(a)(3).
The CFTC has adopted amendments to its rules that may affect the Funds’ ability to continue to claim exclusion or exemption from regulation. If a Fund’s use of these techniques would cause the Fund to be considered a “commodity pool” under the CEA, then the Adviser would be subject to registration and regulation as the Fund’s commodity pool operator, and the Fund’s subadviser may be subject to registration and regulation as the Fund’s commodity trading advisor. A Fund may incur additional expense as a result of the CFTC’s registration and regulation obligations, and the Fund’s use of these techniques and other instruments may be limited or restricted.
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| | As of the date of this SAI, each Fund intends to limit the use of such investment types as required to qualify for exclusion from being considered a “commodity pool” or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in commodity interests under such regulations, and each Fund has filed a notice of exclusion under CFTC Regulation 4.5 or exemption under CFTC Regulation 4.13(a)(3). | |
Credit-linked Notes
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Credit-linked notes are derivative instruments used to transfer credit risk. The performance of the notes is linked to the performance of the underlying reference obligation or reference portfolio (“reference entities”). The notes are usually issued by a special purpose vehicle that sells credit protection through a credit default swap agreement in return for a premium and an obligation to pay the transaction sponsor should a reference entity experience a credit event, such as bankruptcy. The special purpose vehicle invests the proceeds from the notes to cover its contingent obligation. Revenue from the investments and the money received as premium are used to pay interest to note holders. The main risk of credit linked notes is the risk of default to the reference obligation of the credit default swap. Should a default occur, the special purpose vehicle would have to pay the transaction sponsor, subordinating payments to the note holders. Credit linked notes also may not be liquid and may be subject to currency and interest rate risks as well.
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Equity-linked Derivatives
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Each Fund may invest in equity-linked derivative products, the performance of which is designed to correspond generally to the performance of a specified stock index or “basket” of stocks, or to a single stock. Investments in equity-linked derivatives involve the same risks associated with a direct investment in the types of securities such products are designed to track. There can be no assurance that the trading price of the equity-linked derivatives will equal the underlying value of the securities purchased to replicate a particular investment or that such basket will replicate the investment.
Investments in equity-linked derivatives may constitute investments in other investment companies. (See “Mutual Fund Investing” in this section of the SAI for information regarding the implications of a Fund investing in other investment companies.)
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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Eurodollar Instruments
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The Funds may invest in Eurodollar instruments. Eurodollar instruments are dollar-denominated certificates of deposit and time deposits issued outside the U.S. capital markets by foreign branches of U.S. banks and by foreign banks. Eurodollar futures contracts enable purchasers to obtain a fixed rate for the lending of funds and sellers to obtain a fixed rate for borrowings. A Fund might use Eurodollar instruments to hedge against changes in interest rates or to enhance returns.
Eurodollar obligations are subject to the same risks that pertain to domestic issuers, most notably income risk (and, to a lesser extent, credit risk, market risk, and liquidity risk). Additionally, Eurodollar obligations are subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of dollars, from flowing across its borders. Other risks include adverse political and economic developments, the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions, the imposition of foreign withholding taxes, and expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers. However, Eurodollar obligations will undergo the same type of credit analysis as domestic issuers in which a Fund invests.
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Foreign Currency Forward Contracts, Futures and Options
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Each Fund may engage in certain derivative foreign currency exchange and option transactions involving investment risks and transaction costs to which the Fund would not be subject absent the use of these strategies. If a Fund’s subadviser’s predictions of movements in the direction of securities prices or currency exchange rates are inaccurate, the adverse consequences to the Fund may leave the Fund in a worse position than if it had not used such strategies. Risks inherent in the use of option and foreign currency forward and futures contracts include: (1) dependence on the Fund’s subadviser’s ability to correctly predict movements in the direction of securities prices and currency exchange rates; (2) imperfect correlation between the price of options and futures contracts and movements in the prices of the securities or currencies being hedged; (3) the fact that the skills needed to use these strategies are different from those needed to select portfolio securities; (4) the possible absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular instrument at any time; and (5) the possible need to defer closing out certain hedged positions to avoid adverse tax consequences. The Fund’s ability to enter into futures contracts is also limited by the requirements of the Code for qualification as a regulated investment company. (See the “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” section of this SAI.)
A Fund may engage in currency exchange transactions to protect against uncertainty in the level of future currency exchange rates. In addition, a Fund may write covered put and call options on foreign currencies for the purpose of increasing its return.
A Fund may enter into contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies at a future date (“forward contracts”) and purchase and sell foreign currency futures contracts. For certain hedging purposes, the Fund may also purchase exchange-listed and over-the-counter put and call options on foreign currency futures contracts and on foreign currencies. A put option on a futures contract gives the Fund the right to assume a short position in the futures contract until the expiration of the option. A put option on a currency gives the Fund the right to sell the currency at an exercise price until the expiration of the option. A call option on a futures contract gives the Fund the right to assume a long position in the futures contract until the expiration of the option. A call option on a currency gives the Fund the right to purchase the currency at the exercise price until the expiration of the option.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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When engaging in position hedging, a Fund enters into foreign currency exchange transactions to protect against a decline in the values of the foreign currencies in which its portfolio securities are denominated (or an increase in the values of currency for securities which the Fund expects to purchase, when the Fund holds cash or short-term investments). In connection with position hedging, the Fund may purchase put or call options on foreign currency and on foreign currency futures contracts and buy or sell forward contracts and foreign currency futures contracts. (A Fund may also purchase or sell foreign currency on a spot basis, as discussed in “Foreign Currency Transactions” under “Foreign Investing” in this section of the SAI.)
The precise matching of the amounts of foreign currency exchange transactions and the value of the portfolio securities involved will not generally be possible since the future value of such securities in foreign currencies will change as a consequence of market movements in the value of those securities between the dates the currency exchange transactions are entered into and the dates they mature. It is also impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration or maturity of a forward or futures contract. Accordingly, it may be necessary for a Fund to purchase additional foreign currency on the spot market (and bear the expense of such purchase) if the market value of the security or securities being hedged is less than the amount of foreign currency the Fund is obligated to deliver and a decision is made to sell the security or securities and make delivery of the foreign currency. Conversely, it may be necessary to sell on the spot market some of the foreign currency received upon the sale of the portfolio security or securities if the market value of such security or securities exceeds the amount of foreign currency the Fund is obligated to deliver.
Hedging techniques do not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities which a Fund owns or intends to purchase or sell. They simply establish a rate of exchange which one can achieve at some future point in time. Additionally, although these techniques tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, they also tend to limit any potential gain which might result from the increase in value of such currency.
A Fund may seek to increase its return or to offset some of the costs of hedging against fluctuations in currency exchange rates by writing covered put options and covered call options on foreign currencies. In that case, the Fund receives a premium from writing a put or call option, which increases the Fund’s current return if the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a net profit. A Fund may terminate an option that it has written prior to its expiration by entering into a closing purchase transaction in which it purchases an option having the same terms as the option written.
A Fund’s currency hedging transactions may call for the delivery of one foreign currency in exchange for another foreign currency and may at times not involve currencies in which its portfolio securities are then denominated. A Fund’s subadviser will engage in such “cross hedging” activities when it believes that such transactions provide significant hedging opportunities for the Fund. Cross hedging transactions by a Fund involve the risk of imperfect correlation between changes in the values of the currencies to which such transactions relate and changes in the value of the currency or other asset or liability which is the subject of the hedge.
Foreign currency forward contracts, futures and options may be traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions may not be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States; may not involve a clearing mechanism and related guarantees; and are
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Investment Technique
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subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities. The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the United States of data on which to make trading decisions, (iii) delays in the relevant Fund’s ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets during non-business hours in the United States, (iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the United States, and (v) lesser trading volume.
The types of derivative foreign currency exchange transactions most commonly employed by the Funds are discussed below, although each Fund is also permitted to engage in other similar transactions to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment limitations and restrictions.
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Foreign Currency Forward Contracts
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A foreign currency forward contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days (“term”) from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are traded directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers.
A Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily in an amount not less than the value of the Fund’s total assets committed to forward foreign currency exchange contracts entered into for the purchase of a foreign currency. If the value of the securities specifically designated declines, additional cash or securities will be added so that the specifically designated amount is not less than the amount of the Fund’s commitments with respect to such contracts.
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Foreign Currency Futures Transactions
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Each Fund may use foreign currency futures contracts and options on such futures contracts. Through the purchase or sale of such contracts, a Fund may be able to achieve many of the same objectives attainable through the use of foreign currency forward contracts, but more effectively and possibly at a lower cost.
Unlike forward foreign currency exchange contracts, foreign currency futures contracts and options on foreign currency futures contracts are standardized as to amount and delivery period and are traded on boards of trade and commodities exchanges. It is anticipated that such contracts may provide greater liquidity and lower cost than forward foreign currency exchange contracts.
Purchasers and sellers of foreign currency futures contracts are subject to the same risks that apply to the buying and selling of futures generally. In addition, there are risks associated with foreign currency futures contracts similar to those associated with options on foreign currencies. (See “Foreign Currency Options” and “Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts”, each in this sub-section of the SAI.) The Fund must accept or make delivery of the underlying foreign currency, through banking arrangements, in accordance with any U.S. or foreign restrictions or regulations regarding the maintenance of foreign banking arrangements by U.S. residents and may be required to pay any fees, taxes or charges associated with such delivery which are assessed in the issuing country.
To the extent required to comply with SEC Release No. IC-10666, when entering into a futures contract or an option transaction, a Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily equal to the net amount of the Fund’s obligation. For foreign currency futures
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transactions, the prescribed amount will generally be the daily value of the futures contract, marked to market.
Futures contracts are designed by boards of trade which are designated “contracts markets” by the CFTC. Futures contracts trade on contracts markets in a manner that is similar to the way a stock trades on a stock exchange and the boards of trade, through their clearing corporations, guarantee performance of the contracts. As of the date of this SAI, the Funds may invest in futures contracts under specified conditions without being regulated as commodity pools. However, under recently amended CFTC rules the Funds’ ability to maintain the exclusions/exemptions from the definition of commodity pool may be limited. (See “Commodity Interests” in this section of the SAI.)
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Foreign Currency Options
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A foreign currency option provides the option buyer with the right to buy or sell a stated amount of foreign currency at the exercise price at a specified date or during the option period. A call option gives its owner the right, but not the obligation, to buy the currency, while a put option gives its owner the right, but not the obligation, to sell the currency. The option seller (writer) is obligated to fulfill the terms of the option sold if it is exercised. However, either seller or buyer may close its position during the option period for such options any time prior to expiration.
A call rises in value if the underlying currency appreciates. Conversely, a put rises in value if the underlying currency depreciates. While purchasing a foreign currency option can protect a Fund against an adverse movement in the value of a foreign currency, it does not limit the gain which might result from a favorable movement in the value of such currency. For example, if the Fund were holding securities denominated in an appreciating foreign currency and had purchased a foreign currency put to hedge against a decline in the value of the currency, it would not have to exercise its put. Similarly, if the Fund had entered into a contract to purchase a security denominated in a foreign currency and had purchased a foreign currency call to hedge against a rise in the value of the currency but instead the currency had depreciated in value between the date of purchase and the settlement date, the Fund would not have to exercise its call but could acquire in the spot market the amount of foreign currency needed for settlement.
The value of a foreign currency option depends upon the value of the underlying currency relative to the other referenced currency. As a result, the price of the option position may vary with changes in the value of either or both currencies and have no relationship to the investment merits of a foreign security, including foreign securities held in a “hedged” investment portfolio. Because foreign currency transactions occurring in the interbank market involve substantially larger amounts than those that may be involved in the use of foreign currency options, the Funds may be disadvantaged by having to deal in an odd lot market (generally consisting of transactions of less than $1 million) for the underlying foreign currencies at prices that are less favorable than for round lots.
As in the case of other kinds of options, the use of foreign currency options constitutes only a partial hedge, and a Fund could be required to purchase or sell foreign currencies at disadvantageous exchange rates, thereby incurring losses. The purchase of an option on a foreign currency may not necessarily constitute an effective hedge against fluctuations in exchange rates and, in the event of rate movements adverse to the Fund’s position, the Fund may forfeit the entire amount of the premium plus related transaction costs.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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Options on foreign currencies written or purchased by a Fund may be traded on U.S. or foreign exchanges or over the counter. There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for foreign currencies traded over the counter or any regulatory requirement that quotations available through dealers or other market sources be firm or revised on a timely basis. Quotation information available is generally representative of very large transactions in the interbank market and thus may not reflect relatively smaller transactions (i.e., less than $1 million) where rates may be less favorable. The interbank market in foreign currencies is a global, around-the-clock market. To the extent that the options markets are closed while the markets for the underlying currencies remain open, significant price and rate movements may take place in the underlying markets that are not reflected in the options market.
For additional information about options transactions, see “Options” under “Derivative Investments” in this section of the SAI.
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Foreign Currency Warrants
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Foreign currency warrants such as currency exchange warrants are warrants that entitle the holder to receive from the issuer an amount of cash (generally, for warrants issued in the United States, in U.S. dollars) that is calculated pursuant to a predetermined formula and based on the exchange rate between two specified currencies as of the exercise date of the warrant. Foreign currency warrants generally are exercisable upon their issuance and expire as of a specified date and time.
Foreign currency warrants may be used to reduce the currency exchange risk assumed by purchasers of a security by, for example, providing for a supplemental payment in the event the U.S. dollar depreciates against the value of a major foreign currency such as the Japanese Yen or Euro. The formula used to determine the amount payable upon exercise of a foreign currency warrant may make the warrant worthless unless the applicable foreign currency exchange rate moves in a particular direction (e.g., unless the U.S. dollar appreciates or depreciates against the particular foreign currency to which the warrant is linked or indexed).
Foreign currency warrants are severable from the debt obligations with which they may be offered, and may be listed on exchanges. Foreign currency warrants may be exercisable only in certain minimum amounts, and an investor wishing to exercise warrants who possesses less than the minimum number required for exercise may be required either to sell the warrants or to purchase additional warrants, thereby incurring additional transaction costs. Upon exercise of warrants, there may be a delay between the time the holder gives instructions to exercise and the time the exchange rate relating to exercise is determined, thereby affecting both the market and cash settlement values of the warrants being exercised. The expiration date of the warrants may be accelerated if the warrants should be delisted from an exchange or if their trading should be suspended permanently, which would result in the loss of any remaining “time value” of the warrants (i.e., the difference between the current market value and the exercise value of the warrants), and, if the warrants were “out-of-the-money,” in a total loss of the purchase price of the warrants.
Warrants are generally unsecured obligations of their issuers and are not standardized foreign currency options issued by the OCC. Unlike foreign currency options issued by OCC, the terms of foreign exchange warrants generally will not be amended in the event of governmental or regulatory actions affecting exchange rates or in the event of the imposition of other regulatory controls affecting the international currency markets. The initial public offering price of foreign currency warrants could be considerably in excess of the price
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that a commercial user of foreign currencies might pay in the interbank market for a comparable option involving larger amounts of foreign currencies. Foreign currency warrants are subject to significant foreign exchange risk, including risks arising from complex political or economic factors.
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Performance Indexed Paper
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Performance indexed paper is commercial paper the yield of which is linked to certain currency exchange rate movements. The yield to the investor on performance indexed paper is established at maturity as a function of spot exchange rates between the designated currencies as of or about the time (generally, the index maturity two days prior to maturity). The yield to the investor will be within a range stipulated at the time of purchase of the obligation, generally with a guaranteed minimum rate of return that is below, and a potential maximum rate of return that is above, market yields on commercial paper, with both the minimum and maximum rates of return on the investment corresponding to the minimum and maximum values of the spot exchange rate two business days prior to maturity.
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Principal Exchange Rate Linked Securities (“PERLS”)
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PERLS are debt obligations the principal on which is payable at maturity in an amount that may vary based on the exchange rate between the particular currencies at or about that time. The return on “standard” principal exchange rate linked securities is enhanced if the currency to which the security is linked appreciates against the base currency, and is adversely affected by increases in the exchange value of the base currency. “Reverse” PERLS are like the “standard” securities, except that their return is enhanced by increases in the value of the base currency and adversely impacted by increases in the value of other currency. Interest payments on the securities are generally made at rates that reflect the degree of currency risk assumed or given up by the purchaser of the notes (i.e., at relatively higher interest rates if the purchaser has assumed some of the currency exchange risk, or relatively lower interest rates if the issuer has assumed some of the currency exchange risk, based on the expectations of the current market). PERLS may in limited cases be subject to acceleration of maturity (generally, not without the consent of the holders of the securities), which may have an adverse impact on the value of the principal payment to be made at maturity.
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Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts
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Each Fund may use interest rate, foreign currency, dividend, volatility or index futures contracts. An interest rate, foreign currency, dividend, volatility or index futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified quantity of a financial instrument, foreign currency, dividend basket or the cash value of an index at a specified price and time. A futures contract on an index is an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract was originally written. Although the value of an index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical delivery of these securities is made. A public market exists in futures contracts covering several indexes as well as a number of financial instruments and foreign currencies, and it is expected that other futures contracts will be developed and traded in the future. Interest rate and volatility futures contracts currently are traded in the United States primarily on the floors of the Chicago Board of Trade and the International Monetary Market of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. Interest rate futures also are traded on foreign exchanges such as the London International Financial Futures Exchange and the Singapore International Monetary Exchange. Volatility futures also are traded on foreign exchanges such as Eurex. Dividend futures are also traded on foreign exchanges such as Eurex, NYSE Euronext Liffe, London Stock Exchange and the Singapore International Monetary Exchange.
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Investment Technique
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the securities being hedged, the Fund will experience a gain or loss which will not be completely offset by movements in the price of the securities. It is possible that, where a Fund has sold futures contracts to hedge its portfolio against a decline in the market, the market may advance and the value of securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may decline. If this occurred, the Fund would lose money on the futures contract and would also experience a decline in value in its portfolio securities. Where futures are purchased to hedge against a possible increase in the prices of securities before the Fund is able to invest its cash (or cash equivalents) in securities (or options) in an orderly fashion, it is possible that the market may decline; if the Fund then determines not to invest in securities (or options) at that time because of concern as to possible further market decline or for other reasons, the Fund will realize a loss on the futures that would not be offset by a reduction in the price of the securities purchased.
The market prices of futures contracts may be affected if participants in the futures market elect to close out their contracts through off-setting transactions rather than to meet margin deposit requirements. In such case, distortions in the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets could result. Price distortions could also result if investors in futures contracts opt to make or take delivery of the underlying securities rather than to engage in closing transactions because such action would reduce the liquidity of the futures market. In addition, from the point of view of speculators, because the deposit requirements in the futures markets are less onerous than margin requirements in the cash market, increased participation by speculators in the futures market could cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortions in the futures market and because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of securities and movements in the prices of futures contracts, a correct forecast of market trends may still not result in a successful hedging transaction.
Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, the purchase of put or call options on futures contracts involves less potential risk for the Fund because the maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the options plus transaction costs. However, there may be circumstances when the purchase of an option on a futures contract would result in a loss to the Fund while the purchase or sale of the futures contract would not have resulted in a loss, such as when there is no movement in the price of the underlying securities.
For additional information about options transactions, see “Options” under “Derivative Investments” in this section of the SAI.
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Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities
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Each Fund may purchase mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, which collectively are securities backed by mortgages, installment contracts, credit card receivables or other financial assets. Asset-backed securities represent interests in “pools” of assets in which payments of both interest and principal on the securities are made periodically, thus in effect “passing through” such payments made by the individual borrowers on the assets that underlie the securities, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the securities. The average life of asset-backed securities varies with the maturities of the underlying instruments, and the average life of a mortgage-backed instrument, in particular, is likely to be less than the original maturity of the mortgage pools underlying the securities as a result of mortgage prepayments, where applicable. For this and other reasons, an asset-backed security’s stated maturity may be different, and the security’s total return may be difficult to predict precisely.
If an asset-backed security is purchased at a premium, a prepayment rate that is faster than expected will reduce yield to maturity, while a prepayment rate that is slower than expected will have the opposite
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effect of increasing yield to maturity. Conversely, if an asset-backed security is purchased at a discount, faster than expected prepayments will increase yield to maturity, while slower than expected prepayments will decrease yield to maturity.
Prepayments of principal of mortgage-related securities by mortgagors or mortgage foreclosures affect the average life of the mortgage-related securities in the Fund’s portfolio. Mortgage prepayments are affected by the level of interest rates and other factors, including general economic conditions and the underlying location and age of the mortgage. In periods of rising interest rates, the prepayment rate tends to decrease, lengthening the average life of a pool of mortgage-related securities. The longer the remaining maturity of a security the greater the effect of interest rate changes will be. Changes in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal and in the market’s perception of its creditworthiness also affect the market value of that issuer’s debt securities.
In periods of falling interest rates, the prepayment rate tends to increase, shortening the average life of a pool. Because prepayments of principal generally occur when interest rates are declining, it is likely that the Fund, to the extent that it retains the same percentage of debt securities, may have to reinvest the proceeds of prepayments at lower interest rates than those of its previous investments. If this occurs, that Fund’s yield will correspondingly decline. Thus, mortgage-related securities may have less potential for capital appreciation in periods of falling interest rates than other fixed income securities of comparable duration, although they may have a comparable risk of decline in market value in periods of rising interest rates. To the extent that the Fund purchases mortgage-related securities at a premium, unscheduled prepayments, which are made at par, result in a loss equal to any unamortized premium.
Duration is one of the fundamental tools used by a Fund’s subadviser in managing interest rate risks including prepayment risks. Traditionally, a debt security’s “term to maturity” characterizes a security’s sensitivity to changes in interest rates. “Term to maturity,” however, measures only the time until a debt security provides its final payment, taking no account of prematurity payments. Most debt securities provide interest (“coupon”) payments in addition to a final (“par”) payment at maturity, and some securities have call provisions allowing the issuer to repay the instrument in full before maturity date, each of which affect the security’s response to interest rate changes. “Duration” therefore is generally considered a more precise measure of interest rate risk than “term to maturity.” Determining duration may involve a subadviser’s estimates of future economic parameters, which may vary from actual future values. Generally fixed income securities with longer effective durations are more responsive to interest rate fluctuations than those with shorter effective durations. For example, if interest rates rise by 1%, the value of securities having an effective duration of three years will generally decrease by approximately 3%.
Descriptions of some of the different types of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities most commonly acquired by the Funds are provided below. In addition to those shown, other types of mortgage-related and asset-backed investments are, or may become, available for investment by the Funds.
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Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”)
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CMOs are hybrid instruments with characteristics of both mortgage-backed and mortgage pass-through securities. Interest and prepaid principal on a CMO are paid, in most cases, monthly. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities
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guaranteed by entities such as GNMA, FHLMC, or FNMA, and their income streams.
CMOs are typically structured in multiple classes, each bearing a different stated maturity. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the prepayment experience of the collateral. CMOs provide for a modified form of call protection through a de facto breakdown of the underlying pool of mortgages according to how quickly the loans are repaid. Monthly payment of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, is first returned to investors holding the shortest maturity class. Investors holding the longer maturity classes typically receive principal only after the first class has been retired. An investor may be partially guarded against a sooner than desired return of principal because of the sequential payments.
FHLMC CMOs are debt obligations of FHLMC issued in multiple classes having different maturity dates and are secured by the pledge of a pool of conventional mortgage loans purchased by FHLMC. The amount of principal payable on each monthly payment date is determined in accordance with FHLMC’s mandatory sinking fund schedule. Sinking fund payments in the CMOs are allocated to the retirement of the individual classes of bonds in the order of their stated maturities. Payments of principal on the mortgage loans in the collateral pool in excess of the amount of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund obligation for any payment date are paid to the holders of the CMOs as additional sinking-fund payments. Because of the “pass-through” nature of all principal payments received on the collateral pool in excess of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund requirement, the rate at which principal of the CMOs is actually repaid is likely to be such that each class of bonds will be retired in advance of its scheduled maturity date. If collection of principal (including prepayments) on the mortgage loans during any semiannual payment period is not sufficient to meet FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund obligation on the next sinking fund payment date, FHLMC agrees to make up the deficiency from its general funds.
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CMO Residuals
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CMO residuals are derivative mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans. As described above, the cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of CMOs is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses of the issuer. The “residual” in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and, in particular, the prepayment experience on the mortgage assets. In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. In certain circumstances a Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in a CMO residual.
CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. The CMO residual market currently may not have the liquidity of other more established securities trading in other markets. CMO residuals may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability, may be deemed illiquid and therefore subject to the Funds’ limitations
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on investment in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
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Mortgage Pass-through Securities
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Mortgage pass-through securities are interests in pools of mortgage loans, assembled and issued by various governmental, government-related, and private organizations. Unlike other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates, these securities provide a monthly payment consisting of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs. “Modified pass-through” securities (such as securities issued by GNMA) entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
The principal governmental guarantor of U.S. mortgage-related securities is GNMA. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the United States Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of Federal Housing Administration insured or Veterans Administration guaranteed mortgages. Government-related guarantors whose obligations are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. FHLMC issues Participation Certificates that represent interests in conventional mortgages from FHLMC’s national portfolio. FNMA and FHLMC guarantee the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal on securities they issue, but the securities they issue are neither issued nor guaranteed by the United States Government.
Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/ or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments for such securities. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers. Such insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets a Fund’s investment quality standards. There can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. A Fund may buy mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees if, through an examination of the loan experience and practices of the originator/servicers and poolers, the
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Fund’s subadviser determines that the securities meet the Fund’s quality standards. Securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable and may therefore be subject to the Funds’ limitations on investments in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
Mortgage-backed securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, are not subject to the Funds’ industry concentration restrictions set forth in the “Investment Restrictions” section of this SAI by virtue of the exclusion from the test available to all U.S. Government securities. The Funds will take the position that privately-issued, mortgage-related securities, and other asset-backed securities, do not represent interests in any particular “industry” or group of industries. The assets underlying such securities may be represented by a portfolio of first lien residential mortgages (including both whole mortgage loans and mortgage participation interests) or portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC. Mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-related security may in turn be insured or guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration or the Department of Veterans Affairs. In the case of private issue mortgage-related securities whose underlying assets are neither U.S. Government securities nor U.S. Government-insured mortgages, to the extent that real properties securing such assets may be located in the same geographical region, the security may be subject to a greater risk of default than other comparable securities in the event of adverse economic, political or business developments that may affect such region and, ultimately, the ability of residential homeowners to make payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.
It is possible that the availability and the marketability (that is, liquidity) of the securities discussed in this section could be adversely affected by the actions of the U.S. Government to tighten the availability of its credit. On September 7, 2008, the FHFA, an agency of the U.S. Government, placed FNMA and FHLMC into conservatorship, a statutory process with the objective of returning the entities to normal business operations. FHFA will act as the conservator to operate FNMA and FHLMC until they are stabilized. The conservatorship is still in effect as of the date of this SAI and has no specified termination date. There can be no assurance as to when or how the conservatorship will be terminated or whether FNMA or FHLMC will continue to exist following the conservatorship or what their respective business structures will be during or following the conservatorship. FHFA, as conservator, has the power to repudiate any contract entered into by FNMA or FHLMC prior to its appointment if it determines that performance of the contract is burdensome and repudiation of the contract promotes the orderly administration of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s affairs. Furthermore, FHFA has the right to transfer or sell any asset or liability of FNMA or FHLMC without any approval, assignment or consent. If FHFA were to transfer any such guarantee obligation to another party, holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would have to rely on that party for satisfaction of the guarantee obligation and would be exposed to the credit risk of that party.
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Other Asset-Backed Securities
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Through trusts and other special purpose entities, various types of securities based on financial assets other than mortgage loans are increasingly available, in both pass-through structures similar to mortgage pass-through securities described above and in other structures more like CMOs. As with mortgage-related securities, these asset-backed securities are often backed by a pool of financial assets representing the obligations of a number of different parties. They often include credit-enhancement features similar to mortgage-related securities.
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Financial assets on which these securities are based include automobile receivables; credit card receivables; loans to finance boats, recreational vehicles, and mobile homes; computer, copier, railcar, and medical equipment leases; and trade, healthcare, and franchise receivables. In general, the obligations supporting these asset-backed securities are of shorter maturities than mortgage loans and are less likely to experience substantial prepayments. However, obligations such as credit card receivables are generally unsecured and the obligors are often entitled to protection under a number of consumer credit laws granting, among other things, rights to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thus reducing the balance due. Other obligations that are secured, such as automobile receivables, may present issuers with difficulties in perfecting and executing on the security interests, particularly where the issuer allows the servicers of the receivables to retain possession of the underlying obligations, thus increasing the risk that recoveries on defaulted obligations may not be adequate to support payments on the securities.
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Stripped Mortgage-backed Securities (“SMBS”)
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SMBS are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. They may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans. SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the interest-only or “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or “PO” class). The yield to maturity on an IO class security is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on a Fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories. The market value of the PO class generally is unusually volatile in response to changes in interest rates.
Although SMBS are purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers, these securities were only recently developed. As a result, established trading markets have not yet developed and, accordingly, these securities may be deemed illiquid and therefore subject to the Funds’ limitations on investment in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
Each Fund may invest in other mortgage-related securities with features similar to those described above, to the extent consistent with the relevant Fund’s investment objectives and policies.
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Options
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Each Fund may purchase or sell put and call options on securities, indices and other financial instruments. Options may relate to particular securities, foreign and domestic securities indices, financial instruments, volatility, credit default, foreign currencies or the yield differential between two securities. Such options may or may not be listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange and may or may not be issued by the OCC.
A call option for a particular security gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and a writer the obligation to sell, the underlying security at the stated exercise price before the expiration of the option,
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regardless of the market price of the security. A premium is paid to the writer by the purchaser in consideration for undertaking the obligation under the option contract. A put option for a particular security gives the purchaser the right to sell and a writer the obligation to buy the security at the stated exercise price before the expiration date of the option, regardless of the market price of the security.
To the extent required to comply with SEC Release No. IC-10666, options written by a Fund will be covered and will remain covered as long as the Fund is obligated as a writer. A call option is “covered” if the Fund owns the underlying security or its equivalent covered by the call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash consideration (or for additional cash consideration if such cash is segregated) upon conversion or exchange of other securities held in its portfolio. A call option is also covered if the Fund holds on a share-for-share or equal principal amount basis a call on the same security as the call written where the exercise price of the call held is equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written or greater than the exercise price of the call written if appropriate liquid assets representing the difference are segregated by the Fund. A put option is “covered” if the Fund maintains appropriate liquid securities with a value equal to the exercise price, or owns on a share-for-share or equal principal amount basis a put on the same security as the put written where the exercise price of the put held is equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put written.
A Fund’s obligation to sell an instrument subject to a covered call option written by it, or to purchase an instrument subject to a secured put option written by it, may be terminated before the expiration of the option by the Fund’s execution of a closing purchase transaction. This means that a Fund buys an option of the same series (i.e., same underlying instrument, exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously written. Such a purchase does not result in the ownership of an option. A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily be effected to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying instrument or to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms on such underlying instrument. The cost of such a closing purchase plus related transaction costs may be greater than the premium received upon the original option, in which event the Fund will experience a loss. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option. A Fund that has written an option and is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction will not be able to sell the underlying instrument (in the case of a covered call option) or liquidate the segregated assets (in the case of a secured put option) until the option expires or the optioned instrument is delivered upon exercise. The Fund will be subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the instrument during such period.
To the extent required to comply with SEC Release No. IC-10666, when entering into an option transaction, a Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily equal to the prescribed amount. For options transactions, the prescribed amount will generally be the market value of the underlying instrument but will not be less than the exercise price.
Options purchased are recorded as an asset and written options are recorded as liabilities to the extent of premiums paid or received. The amount of this asset or liability will be subsequently marked-to-market to reflect the current value of the option purchased or written. The current value of the traded option is the last sale price or, in the
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absence of a sale, the current bid price. If an option purchased by a Fund expires unexercised, the Fund will realize a loss equal to the premium paid. If a Fund enters into a closing sale transaction on an option purchased by it, the Fund will realize a gain if the premium received by the Fund on the closing transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the option, or a loss if it is less. If an option written by a Fund expires on the stipulated expiration date or if a Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction, it will realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the net premium received when the option is sold), and the liability related to such option will be eliminated. If an option written by a Fund is exercised, the proceeds of the sale will be increased by the net premium originally received and the Fund will realize a gain or loss.
Options trading is a highly specialized activity that entails more complex and potentially greater than ordinary investment risk. Options may be more volatile than the underlying instruments and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the underlying instruments themselves.
There are several other risks associated with options. For example, there are significant differences among the securities, currency, volatility, credit default and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation among these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options, whether traded over-the-counter or on an exchange, may be absent for reasons that include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities or currencies; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or the OCC may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading value; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by the OCC as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
The staff of the SEC currently takes the position that options not traded on registered domestic securities exchanges and the assets used to cover the amount of the Fund’s obligation pursuant to such options are illiquid, and are therefore subject to each Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities. However, for options written with “primary dealers” in U.S. Government securities pursuant to an agreement requiring a closing transaction at the formula price, the amount considered to be illiquid may be calculated by reference to a formula price. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
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Options on Indexes and “Yield Curve” Options
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Each Fund may enter into options on indexes or options on the “spread,” or yield differential, between two fixed income securities, in transactions referred to as “yield curve” options. Options on indexes and yield curve options provide the holder with the right to make or receive a cash settlement upon exercise of the option. With respect to options on indexes, the amount of the settlement will equal the difference between the closing price of the index at the time of exercise and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars, times a specified multiple. With respect to yield curve options, the
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amount of the settlement will equal the difference between the yields of designated securities.
With respect to yield curve options, a call or put option is covered if a Fund holds another call or put, respectively, on the spread between the same two securities and maintains in a segregated account liquid assets sufficient to cover the Fund’s net liability under the two options. Therefore, the Fund’s liability for such a covered option is generally limited to the difference between the amount of the Fund’s liability under the option it wrote less the value of the option it holds. A Fund may also cover yield curve options in such other manner as may be in accordance with the requirements of the counterparty with which the option is traded and applicable laws and regulations.
The trading of these types of options is subject to all of the risks associated with the trading of other types of options. In addition, however, yield curve options present risk of loss even if the yield of one of the underlying securities remains constant, if the spread moves in a direction or to an extent which was not anticipated.
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Reset Options
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In certain instances, a Fund may purchase or write options on U.S. Treasury securities, which provide for periodic adjustment of the strike price and may also provide for the periodic adjustment of the premium during the term of each such option. Like other types of options, these transactions, which may be referred to as “reset” options or “adjustable strike” options grant the purchaser the right to purchase (in the case of a call) or sell (in the case of a put), a specified type of U.S. Treasury security at any time up to a stated expiration date (or, in certain instances, on such date). In contrast to other types of options, however, the price at which the underlying security may be purchased or sold under a “reset” option is determined at various intervals during the term of the option, and such price fluctuates from interval to interval based on changes in the market value of the underlying security. As a result, the strike price of a “reset” option, at the time of exercise, may be less advantageous than if the strike price had been fixed at the initiation of the option. In addition, the premium paid for the purchase of the option may be determined at the termination, rather than the initiation, of the option. If the premium for a reset option written by a Fund is paid at termination, the Fund assumes the risk that (i) the premium may be less than the premium which would otherwise have been received at the initiation of the option because of such factors as the volatility in yield of the underlying Treasury security over the term of the option and adjustments made to the strike price of the option, and (ii) the option purchaser may default on its obligation to pay the premium at the termination of the option. Conversely, where a Fund purchases a reset option, it could be required to pay a higher premium than would have been the case at the initiation of the option.
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Swap Agreements
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Each Fund may enter into swap agreements on, among other things, interest rates, indices, securities and currency exchange rates. A Fund’s subadviser may use swaps in an attempt to obtain for the Fund a particular desired return at a lower cost to the Fund than if the Fund had invested directly in an instrument that yielded that desired return. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods typically ranging from a few weeks to more than one year. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” i.e., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign currency, or in a “basket” of securities representing a particular index. The
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“notional amount” of the swap agreement is only a fictive basis on which to calculate the obligations the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange. A Fund’s obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the “net amount”). A Fund’s obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily on the Fund’s accounting records (offset against any amounts owing to the Fund) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by specifically designating on the accounting records of the Fund liquid assets to avoid leveraging of the Fund’s portfolio.
Because swap agreements are two-party contracts and may have terms of greater than seven days, they may be considered to be illiquid and therefore subject to the Funds’ limitations on investment in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.) Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. A Fund’s subadviser will cause the Fund to enter into swap agreements only with counterparties that would be eligible for consideration as repurchase agreement counterparties under the Funds’ repurchase agreement guidelines. (See “Repurchase Agreements” in this section of the SAI.) Certain restrictions imposed on the Funds by the Code may limit the Funds’ ability to use swap agreements. (See the “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” section of this SAI.) The swaps market is a relatively new market and is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect a Fund’s ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Certain swap agreements are exempt from most provisions of the CEA and, therefore, are not regulated as futures or commodity option transactions under the CEA, pursuant to regulations of the CFTC. To qualify for this exemption, a swap agreement must be entered into by eligible participants and must meet certain conditions (each pursuant to the CEA and regulations of the CFTC). However, recent CFTC rule amendments dictate that certain swap agreements be considered commodity interests for purposes of the CEA. (See “Commodity Interests” in this section of the SAI for additional information regarding the implications of investments being considered commodity interests under the CEA.)
Recently, the SEC and the CFTC have developed rules under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act to create a new, comprehensive regulatory framework for swap transactions. Under the new regulations, certain swap transactions will be required to be executed on a regulated trading platform and cleared through a derivatives clearing organization. Additionally, the new regulations impose other requirements on the parties entering into swap transactions, including requirements relating to posting margin, and reporting and documenting swap transactions. A Fund engaging in swap transactions may incur additional expenses as a result of these new regulatory requirements. The Adviser is continuing to monitor the implementation of the new regulations and to assess their impact on the Funds.
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Credit Default Swap Agreements
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Each Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements. A credit default swap is a bilateral financial contract in which one party (the protection buyer) pays a periodic fee in return for a contingent payment by the protection seller following a credit event of a reference issuer. The protection buyer must either sell particular obligations issued by the reference issuer for its par value (or some other
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designated reference or strike price) when a credit event occurs or receive a cash settlement based on the difference between the market price and such reference price. A credit event is commonly defined as bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership, material adverse restructuring of debt, or failure to meet payment obligations when due. A Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If a Fund is a buyer and no event of default occurs, the Fund loses its investment and recovers nothing; however, if an event of default occurs, the Fund receives full notional value for a reference obligation that may have little or no value. As a seller, a Fund receives a periodic fee throughout the term of the contract, provided there is no default event; if an event of default occurs, the Fund must pay the buyer the full notional value of the reference obligation. The value of the reference obligation received by the Fund as a seller, coupled with the periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value the Fund pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the Fund.
As with other swaps, when a Fund enters into a credit default swap agreement, to the extent required by applicable law and regulation the Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily, equal to the Fund’s net exposure under the swap (the “Segregated Assets”). Generally, the minimum cover amount for a swap agreement is the amount owed by the Fund, if any, on a daily mark-to-market basis. With respect to swap contracts that provide for the netting of payments, the net amount of the excess, if any, of the Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap contract will be accrued on a daily basis and an amount of Segregated Assets having an aggregate market value at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained to cover the transactions in accordance with SEC positions. With respect to swap contracts that do not provide for the netting of payments by the counterparties, the full notional amount for which the Fund is obligated under the swap contract with respect to each swap contract will be accrued on a daily basis and an amount of Segregated Assets having an aggregate market value at least equal to the accrued full notional value will be maintained to cover the transactions in accordance with SEC positions. When the Fund sells protection on an individual credit default swap, upon a credit event, the Fund may be obligated to pay the cash equivalent value of the asset. Therefore, the cover amount will be the notional value of the underlying credit. With regard to selling protection on an index (CDX), as a practical matter, the Fund would not be required to pay the full notional amount of the index; therefore, only the amount owed by the Fund, if any, on a daily mark-to-market basis is required as cover.
Credit default swaps involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly. In addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risks. A Fund will enter into swap agreements only with counterparties deemed creditworthy by the Fund’s subadviser.
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Equity Securities
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The Funds may invest in equity securities. Equity securities include common stocks, preferred stocks and preference stocks; securities such as bonds, warrants or rights that are convertible into stocks; and depositary receipts for those securities.
Common stockholders are the owners of the company issuing the stock and, accordingly, usually have the right to vote on various corporate governance matters such as mergers. They are not creditors of the company, but rather, in the event of liquidation of the company, would be entitled to their pro rata shares of the company’s assets after creditors (including fixed income security holders) and, if
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applicable, preferred stockholders are paid. Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to dividends or upon liquidation. A preferred stockholder is a shareholder in the company and not a creditor of the company as is a holder of the company’s fixed income securities. Dividends paid to common and preferred stockholders are distributions of the earnings or other surplus of the company and not interest payments, which are expenses of the company. Equity securities owned by the Fund may be traded in the over-the-counter market or on a securities exchange and may not be traded every day or in the volume typical of securities traded on a major U.S. national securities exchange. As a result, disposition by the Fund of a portfolio security to meet redemptions by shareholders or otherwise may require the Fund to sell the security at less than the reported value of the security, to sell during periods when disposition is not desirable, or to make many small sales over a lengthy period of time. The market value of all securities, including equity securities, is based upon the market’s perception of value and not necessarily the book value of an issuer or other objective measure of a company’s worth.
Stock values may fluctuate in response to the activities of an individual company or in response to general market and/or economic conditions. Historically, common stocks have provided greater long-term returns and have entailed greater short-term risks than other types of securities. Smaller or newer issuers may be more likely to realize more substantial growth or suffer more significant losses. Investments in these companies can be both more volatile and more speculative. Fluctuations in the value of equity securities in which a Fund invests will cause the NAV of the Fund to fluctuate.
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Securities of Small and Mid Capitalization Companies
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While small and medium-sized issuers in which a Fund invests may offer greater opportunities for capital appreciation than larger market capitalization issuers, investments in such companies may involve greater risks and thus may be considered speculative. For example, smaller companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent on a limited management group. In addition, many small and mid-capitalization company stocks trade less frequently and in smaller volume, and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements, than stocks of larger companies. The securities of small and mid-capitalization companies may also be more sensitive to market changes than the securities of larger companies. When a Fund invests in small or mid-capitalization companies, these factors may result in above-average fluctuations in the NAV of the Fund’s shares. Therefore, a Fund investing in such securities should be considered as a long-term investment and not as a vehicle for seeking short-term profits. Similarly, an investment in a Fund solely investing in such securities should not be considered a complete investment program.
Market capitalizations of companies in which the Funds invest are determined at the time of purchase.
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Unseasoned Companies
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As a matter of operating policy, each Fund may invest to a limited extent in securities of unseasoned companies and new issues. The Adviser regards a company as unseasoned when, for example, it is relatively new to, or not yet well established in, its primary line of business. Such companies generally are smaller and younger than companies whose shares are traded on the major stock exchanges. Accordingly, their shares are often traded over-the-counter and their share prices may be more volatile than those of larger, exchange-listed companies. Generally a Fund will not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any one company with a record of fewer than three years’ continuous operation (including that of predecessors).
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Foreign Investing
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The Funds may invest in a broad range of securities of foreign issuers, including equity, debt and convertible securities and foreign government securities. The Funds may purchase the securities of issuers from various countries, including countries commonly referred to as “emerging markets.” The Funds may also invest in domestic securities denominated in foreign currencies.
Investing in the securities of foreign companies involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These include differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, generally higher commission rates on foreign portfolio transactions, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, political instability which could affect U.S. investments in foreign countries, and potential restrictions on the flow of international capital. Foreign issuers may become subject to sanctions imposed by the United States or another country, which could result in the immediate freeze of the foreign issuers’ assets or securities. The imposition of such sanctions could impair the market value of the securities of such foreign issuers and limit a Fund’s ability to buy, sell, receive or deliver the securities. Additionally, dividends payable on foreign securities may be subject to foreign taxes withheld prior to distribution. Foreign securities often trade with less frequency and volume than domestic securities and therefore may exhibit greater price volatility. Changes in foreign exchange rates will affect the value of those securities which are denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Many of the foreign securities held by a Fund will not be registered with, nor will the issuers thereof be subject to the reporting requirements of, the SEC. Accordingly, there may be less publicly available information about the securities and about the foreign company or government issuing them than is available about a domestic company or government entity. Moreover, individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States economy in such respects as growth of Gross National Product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payment positions. Finally, the Funds may encounter difficulty in obtaining and enforcing judgments against issuers of foreign securities.
Securities of U.S. issuers denominated in foreign currencies may be less liquid and their prices more volatile than securities issued by domestic issuers and denominated in U.S. dollars. In addition, investing in securities denominated in foreign currencies often entails costs not associated with investment in U.S. dollar-denominated securities of U.S. issuers, such as the cost of converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars, higher brokerage commissions, custodial expenses and other fees. Non-U.S. dollar denominated securities may be subject to certain withholding and other taxes of the relevant jurisdiction, which may reduce the yield on the securities to the Funds and which may not be recoverable by the Funds or their investors.
The Trust may use an eligible foreign custodian in connection with its purchases of foreign securities and may maintain cash and cash equivalents in the care of a foreign custodian. The amount of cash or cash equivalents maintained in the care of eligible foreign custodians will be limited to an amount reasonably necessary to effect the Trust’s foreign securities transactions. The use of a foreign custodian invokes considerations which are not ordinarily associated with domestic custodians. These considerations include the possibility of expropriations, restricted access to books and records of the foreign custodian, inability to recover assets that are lost while under the control of the foreign custodian, and the impact of political, social or diplomatic developments.
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Investment Technique
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Settlement procedures relating to the Funds’ investments in foreign securities and to the Funds’ foreign currency exchange transactions may be more complex than settlements with respect to investments in debt or equity securities of U.S. issuers, and may involve certain risks not present in the Funds’ domestic investments. For example, settlement of transactions involving foreign securities or foreign currency may occur within a foreign country, and a Fund may be required to accept or make delivery of the underlying securities or currency in conformity with any applicable U.S. or foreign restrictions or regulations, and may be required to pay any fees, taxes or charges associated with such delivery. Such investments may also involve the risk that an entity involved in the settlement may not meet its obligations. Settlement procedures in many foreign countries are less established than those in the United States, and some foreign country settlement periods can be significantly longer than those in the United States.
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Depositary Receipts
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Each Fund permitted to hold foreign securities may also hold ADRs, ADSs, GDRs and EDRs. ADRs and ADSs typically are issued by an American bank or trust company and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. EDRs, which are sometimes referred to as CDRs, are issued in Europe typically by foreign banks and trust companies and evidence ownership of either foreign or domestic securities. GDRs are similar to EDRs and are designed for use in several international financial markets. Generally, ADRs and ADSs in registered form are designed for use in United States securities markets and EDRs in bearer form are designed for use in European securities markets. For purposes of a Fund’s investment policies, its investments in ADRs, ADSs, GDRs and EDRs will be deemed to be investments in the underlying foreign securities.
Depositary Receipts may be issued pursuant to sponsored or unsponsored programs. In sponsored programs, an issuer has made arrangements to have its securities traded in the form of Depositary Receipts. In unsponsored programs, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation of the program. Although regulatory requirements with respect to sponsored and unsponsored programs are generally similar, in some cases it may be easier to obtain financial information from an issuer that has participated in the creation of a sponsored program. Accordingly, there may be less information available regarding issuers of securities underlying unsponsored programs and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts. For purposes of the Fund’s investment policies, investments in Depositary Receipts will be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities. Thus, a Depositary Receipt representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock.
Depositary Receipts are generally subject to the same sort of risks as direct investments in a foreign country, such as currency risk, political and economic risk, and market risk, because their values generally depend on the performance of a foreign security denominated in its home currency. (The risks of foreign investing are addressed above in this section of the SAI under the heading “Foreign Investing.”) In addition to risks associated with the underlying portfolio of securities, receipt holders also must consider credit standings of the custodians and broker/dealer sponsors. The receipts are not registered with the SEC and qualify as Rule 144A securities which may make them more difficult and costly to sell. (For information about Rule 144A securities, see “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
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Emerging Market Securities
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The Funds may invest in countries or regions with relatively low gross national product per capita compared to the world’s major economies, and in countries or regions with the potential for rapid economic
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Fund’s assets. Any such change may also have the effect of decreasing or limiting the income available for distribution. Foreign currencies may be affected by revaluation, adverse political and economic developments, and governmental restrictions. Further, no assurance can be given that currency exchange controls will not be imposed on any particular currency at a later date.
As a result of its investments in foreign securities, a Fund may receive interest or dividend payments, or the proceeds of the sale or redemption of such securities, in the foreign currencies in which such securities are denominated. In that event, the Fund may convert such currencies into dollars at the then current exchange rate. Under certain circumstances, however, such as where the Fund’s subadviser believes that the applicable rate is unfavorable at the time the currencies are received or the Fund’s subadviser anticipates, for any other reason, that the exchange rate will improve, the Fund may hold such currencies for an indefinite period of time.
In addition, a Fund may be required to receive delivery of the foreign currency underlying forward foreign currency contracts it has entered into. This could occur, for example, if an option written by the Fund is exercised or the Fund is unable to close out a forward contract. A Fund may hold foreign currency in anticipation of purchasing foreign securities.
A Fund may also elect to take delivery of the currencies’ underlying options or forward contracts if, in the judgment of the Fund’s subadviser, it is in the best interest of the Fund to do so. In such instances as well, the Fund may convert the foreign currencies to dollars at the then current exchange rate, or may hold such currencies for an indefinite period of time.
While the holding of currencies will permit a Fund to take advantage of favorable movements in the applicable exchange rate, it also exposes the Fund to risk of loss if such rates move in a direction adverse to the Fund’s position. Such losses could reduce any profits or increase any losses sustained by the Fund from the sale or redemption of securities, and could reduce the dollar value of interest or dividend payments received. In addition, the holding of currencies could adversely affect the Fund’s profit or loss on currency options or forward contracts, as well as its hedging strategies.
When a Fund effects foreign currency exchange transactions on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign exchange market, the Fund incurs expenses in converting assets from one currency to another. A Fund may also effect other types of foreign currency exchange transactions, which have their own risks and costs. For information about such transactions, please see “Foreign Currency Forward Contracts, Futures and Options” under “Derivatives” in this section of the SAI.
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Foreign Investment Companies
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Some of the countries in which the Funds may invest may not permit, or may place economic restrictions on, direct investment by outside investors. Investments in such countries may be permitted only through foreign government-approved or -authorized investment vehicles, which may include other investment companies. These funds may also invest in other investment companies that invest in foreign securities. Investing through such vehicles may involve frequent or layered fees or expenses and may also be subject to limitation under the 1940 Act. As a shareholder of another investment company, the Fund would bear, along with other shareholders, its pro rata portion of the other investment company’s expenses, including advisory fees. Those expenses would be in addition to the advisory and other expenses that the Fund bears directly in connection with its own operations. For additional information, see “Mutual Fund Investing” in this section of the SAI.
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Investment Technique
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Privatizations
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The governments of some foreign countries have been engaged in programs of selling part or all of their stakes in government owned or controlled enterprises (“privatizations”). Privatizations may offer opportunities for significant capital appreciation. In certain foreign countries, the ability of foreign entities such as the Funds to participate in privatizations may be limited by local law, or the terms on which a Fund may be permitted to participate may be less advantageous than those for local investors. There can be no assurance that foreign governments will continue to sell companies currently owned or controlled by them or that privatization programs will be successful.
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Funding Agreements
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Each Fund may invest in funding agreements, which are insurance contracts between an investor and the issuing insurance company. For the issuer, they represent senior obligations under an insurance product. For the investor, and from a regulatory perspective, these agreements are treated as securities. These agreements, like other insurance products, are backed by claims on the general assets of the issuing entity and rank on the same priority level as other policy holder claims. Funding agreements typically are issued with a one-year final maturity and a variable interest rate, which may adjust weekly, monthly, or quarterly. Some agreements carry a seven-day put feature. A funding agreement without this feature is considered illiquid and will therefore be subject to the Funds’ limitations on investments in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.) Funding agreements are regulated by the state insurance board of the state where they are executed.
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Guaranteed Investment Contracts
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Each Fund may invest in GICs issued by U.S. and Canadian insurance companies. A GIC requires the investor to make cash contributions to a deposit fund of an insurance company’s general account. The insurance company then makes payments to the investor based on negotiated, floating or fixed interest rates. A GIC is a general obligation of the issuing insurance company and not a separate account. The purchase price paid for a GIC becomes part of the general assets of the insurance company, and the contract is paid from the insurance company’s general assets. Generally, a GIC is not assignable or transferable without the permission of the issuing insurance company, and an active secondary market in GICs does not currently exist. Therefore, these investments may be deemed to be illiquid, in which case they will be subject to the Funds’ limitations on investments in illiquid securities. (See “Illiquid and Restricted Securities” in this section of the SAI.)
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Illiquid and Restricted Securities
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Each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in securities that are considered illiquid. Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been registered under the 1933 Act (“restricted securities”), securities that are otherwise not readily marketable, such as over-the-counter options, and repurchase agreements not entitling the holder to payment of principal in seven days. Such securities may offer higher yields than comparable publicly traded securities, and they also may incur higher risks.
Repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements and time deposits that do not provide for payment to the Fund within seven days after notice or which have a term greater than seven days are deemed illiquid securities for this purpose unless such securities are variable amount master demand notes with maturities of nine months or less or unless the Fund’s subadviser has determined that an adequate trading market exists for such securities or that market quotations are readily available.
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Investment Technique
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The Funds may purchase Rule 144A securities sold to institutional investors without registration under the 1933 Act and commercial paper issued in reliance upon the exemption in Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act, for which an institutional market has developed. Institutional investors depend on an efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily resold or on the issuer’s ability to honor a demand for repayment of the unregistered security.
Although the securities described in this section generally will be considered illiquid, a security’s contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of the security and therefore these securities may be determined to be liquid in accordance with guidelines established by the Board. The Trustees have delegated to each Fund’s subadviser the day-to-day determination of the liquidity of such securities in the respective Fund’s portfolio, although they have retained oversight and ultimate responsibility for such determinations. Although no definite quality criteria are used, the Trustees have directed the subadvisers to consider such factors as (i) the nature of the market for a security (including the institutional private resale markets); (ii) the terms of these securities or other instruments allowing for the disposition to a third party or the issuer thereof (e.g. certain repurchase obligations and demand instruments); (iii) availability of market quotations; and (iv) other permissible factors. The Trustees monitor implementation of the guidelines on a periodic basis.
If illiquid securities exceed 15% of a Fund’s net assets after the time of purchase, the Fund will take steps to reduce in an orderly fashion its holdings of illiquid securities. Because illiquid securities may not be readily marketable, the relevant Fund’s subadviser may not be able to dispose of them in a timely manner. As a result, the Fund may be forced to hold illiquid securities while their price depreciates. Depreciation in the price of illiquid securities may cause the NAV of the Fund holding them to decline. A security that is determined by a Fund’s subadviser to be liquid may subsequently revert to being illiquid if not enough buyer interest exists.
Restricted securities ordinarily can be sold by the Fund in secondary market transactions to certain qualified investors pursuant to rules established by the SEC, in privately negotiated transactions to a limited number of purchasers or in a public offering made pursuant to an effective registration statement under the 1933 Act. When registration is required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses and a considerable time may elapse between the decision to sell and the sale date. If, during such period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than the price which prevailed when it decided to sell.
Restricted securities will be priced at fair value as determined in good faith by the Trustees or their delegate.
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Leverage
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Each Fund may employ investment techniques that create leverage, either by using borrowed capital to increase the amount invested, or investing in instruments, including derivatives, where the investment loss can exceed the original amount invested. Certain investments or trading strategies that involve leverage can result in losses that greatly exceed the amount originally invested.
The SEC takes the position that transactions that have a leveraging effect on the capital structure of a mutual fund or are economically equivalent to borrowing can be viewed as constituting a form of borrowing by the fund for purposes of the 1940 Act. These transactions can include buying and selling certain derivatives (such
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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as futures contracts); selling (or writing) put and call options; engaging in sale-buybacks; entering into firm-commitment and stand-by commitment agreements; engaging in when-issued, delayed-delivery, or forward-commitment transactions; and other similar trading practices (additional discussion about a number of these transactions can be found throughout this section of the SAI). As a result, when a Fund enters into such transactions the transactions may be subject to the same requirements and restrictions as borrowing. (See “Borrowing” below for additional information.)
The following are some of the Funds’ permitted investment techniques that are generally viewed as creating leverage for the Funds.
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Borrowing
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A Fund’s ability to borrow money is limited by its investment policies and limitations, by the 1940 Act, and by applicable exemptions, no-action letters, interpretations, and other pronouncements issued from time to time by the SEC and its staff or any other regulatory authority with jurisdiction. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets made for temporary or emergency purposes. Any borrowings for temporary purposes in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets must maintain continuous asset coverage. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or for other reasons, a Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days (excluding Sundays and holidays) to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time.
Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of a Fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by earnings on the securities purchased. A Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with a borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.
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Mortgage “Dollar-Roll” Transactions
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Each Fund may enter into mortgage “dollar-roll” transactions pursuant to which it sells mortgage-backed securities for delivery in the future and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar securities on a specified future date. During the roll period, the Fund forgoes principal and interest paid on the mortgage-backed securities. The Fund is compensated for the lost interest by the difference between the current sales price and the lower price for the future purchase (often referred to as the “drop”) as well as by the interest earned on, and gains from, the investment of the cash proceeds of the initial sale. The Fund may also be compensated by receipt of a commitment fee. If the income and capital gains from the Fund’s investment of the cash from the initial sale do not exceed the income, capital appreciation and gain or loss that would have been realized on the securities sold as part of the dollar roll, the use of this technique will diminish the investment performance of the Fund compared with what the performance would have been without the use of the dollar roll.
Dollar-roll transactions involve the risk that the market value of the securities the Fund is required to purchase may decline below the agreed upon repurchase price of those securities. If the broker-dealer to whom the Fund sells securities becomes insolvent, the Fund’s right to purchase or repurchase securities may be restricted. Successful use of dollar rolls may depend upon the Fund’s subadviser’s ability to
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correctly predict interest rates and prepayments. There is no assurance that dollar rolls can be successfully employed.
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Reverse Repurchase Agreements
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Reverse repurchase agreements are transactions in which the Fund sells a security and simultaneously commits to repurchase that security from the buyer, such as a bank or broker-dealer, at an agreed-upon price on an agreed-upon future date. The resale price in a reverse repurchase agreement reflects a market rate of interest that is not related to the coupon rate or maturity of the sold security. For certain demand agreements, there is no agreed-upon repurchase date and interest payments are calculated daily, often based upon the prevailing overnight repurchase rate.
Generally, a reverse repurchase agreement enables the Fund to recover for the term of the reverse repurchase agreement all or most of the cash invested in the portfolio securities sold and to keep the interest income associated with those portfolio securities. Such transactions are only advantageous if the interest cost to the Fund of the reverse repurchase transaction is less than the cost of obtaining the cash otherwise. In addition, interest costs on the money received in a reverse repurchase agreement may exceed the return received on the investments made by the Fund with those monies. Using reverse repurchase agreements to earn additional income involves the risk that the interest earned on the invested proceeds is less than the expense of the reverse repurchase agreement transaction.
Because reverse repurchase agreements are considered borrowing under the 1940 Act, while a reverse repurchase agreement is outstanding, the Fund will maintain cash and appropriate liquid assets in a segregated custodial account to cover its obligation under the agreement. A Fund will enter into reverse repurchase agreements only with parties that the Fund’s subadviser deems creditworthy, but such investments are still subject to the risks of leverage discussed above.
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Master Limited Partnerships (“MLP”)
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An investment in MLP units involves some risks that differ from an investment in the common stock of a corporation. Holders of MLP units have limited control on matters affecting the partnership. Conflicts of interest exist between common unit holders and the general partner, including those arising from incentive distribution payments. MLPs holding credit-related investments are subject to interest rate risk and the risk of default on payment obligations by debt issuers. MLPs that concentrate in a particular industry or a particular geographic region are subject to risks associated with such industry or region. The fees that MLPs charge for transportation of oil and gas products through their pipelines are subject to government regulation, which could negatively impact the revenue stream. Investing in MLPs also involves certain risks related to investing in the underlying assets of the MLPs and risks associated with pooled investment vehicles. These include the risk of environmental incidents, terrorist attacks, demand destruction from high commodity prices, proliferation of alternative energy sources, inadequate supply of external capital, and conflicts of interest with the general partner. There are also certain tax risks associated with investment in MLPs. The benefit derived from a Fund’s investment in MLPs is somewhat dependent on the MLP being treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, so any change to this status would adversely affect the price of MLP units. Historically, a substantial portion of the gross taxable income of MLPs has been offset by tax losses and deductions reducing gross income received by investors, and any change to these tax rules would adversely affect the price of an MLP unit. Certain MLPs may trade less frequently than other securities, and those with limited trading volumes may display volatile or erratic price movements.
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Money Market Instruments
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Each Fund may invest in money market instruments, which are high-quality short-term investments. The types of money market instruments most commonly acquired by the Funds are discussed below, although each Fund is also permitted to invest in other types of money market instruments to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment limitations and restrictions.
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Banker's Acceptances
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A banker's acceptance is a time draft drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower usually in connection with an international commercial transaction (to finance the import, export, transfer or storage of goods). The borrower, as well as the bank, is liable for payment, and the bank unconditionally guarantees to pay the draft at its face amount on the maturity date. Most acceptances have maturities of six months or less and are traded in secondary markets prior to maturity.
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Certificates of Deposit
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Certificates of deposit are generally short-term, interest-bearing negotiable certificates issued by banks or savings and loan associations against funds deposited in the issuing institution. They generally may be withdrawn on demand but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties which could reduce the Fund’s yield. Deposits subject to early withdrawal penalties or that mature in more than seven days are treated as illiquid securities if there is no readily available market for the securities.
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Commercial Paper
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Commercial paper refers to short-term, unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations to finance short-term credit needs. Commercial paper is usually sold on a discount basis and has a maturity at the time of issuance not exceeding nine months.
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Obligations of Foreign Banks and Foreign Branches of U.S. Banks
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The money market instruments in which the Funds may invest include negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and time deposits of foreign branches of U.S. banks, foreign banks and their non-U.S. branches (Eurodollars), U.S. branches and agencies of foreign banks (Yankee dollars), and wholly-owned banking-related subsidiaries of foreign banks. For the purposes of each Fund’s investment policies with respect to money market instruments, obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks and of foreign banks are obligations of the issuing bank and may be general obligations of the parent bank. Such obligations, however, may be limited by the terms of a specific obligation and by government regulation. As with investment in non-U.S. securities in general, investments in the obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks and of foreign banks may subject a Fund to investment risks that are different in some respects from those of investments in obligations of domestic issuers.
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Time Deposits
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Time deposits are deposits in a bank or other financial institution for a specified period of time at a fixed interest rate for which a negotiable certificate is not received.
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U.S. Government Obligations
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Securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States Government include a variety of Treasury securities, which differ only in their interest rates, maturities, and times of issuance. Treasury bills have maturities of one year or less. Treasury notes have maturities of one to ten years, and Treasury bonds generally have maturities of greater than ten years.
Agencies of the United States Government which issue or guarantee obligations include, among others, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Farmers Home Administration, Federal Housing Administration, GNMA, Maritime Administration, Small Business Administration and The Tennessee Valley Authority. Obligations of instrumentalities of the United States Government include securities issued or guaranteed by, among others, FNMA, Federal Home Loan
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Banks, FHLMC, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Banks for Cooperatives, and the U.S. Postal Service. Some of these securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury, while still others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. There is no guarantee that the U.S. Government will provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities, now or in the future, if it is not obligated to do so by law. Accordingly, although these securities have historically involved little risk of loss of principal if held to maturity, they may involve more risk than securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government because the Fund must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the securities for repayment and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States if the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitment.
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Mutual Fund Investing
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Each Fund is authorized to invest in the securities of other investment companies subject to the limitations contained in the 1940 Act.
Investment companies in which the Fund may invest may include ETFs. An ETF is an investment company classified as an open-end investment company or unit investment trust that is traded similarly to a publicly traded company. Most ETFs seek to achieve the same return as a particular market index. That type of ETF is similar to an index fund in that it will primarily invest in the securities of companies that are included in a selected market index. An index-based ETF will invest in all of the securities included in the index, a representative sample of the securities included in the index, or other investments expected to produce returns substantially similar to that of the index. Other types of ETFs include leveraged or inverse ETFs, which are ETFs that seek to achieve a daily return that is a multiple or an inverse multiple of the daily return of a securities index. An important characteristic of these ETFs is that they seek to achieve their stated objectives on a daily basis, and their performance over longer periods of time can differ significantly from the multiple or inverse multiple of the index performance over those longer periods of time. ETFs also include actively managed ETFs that pursue active management strategies and publish their portfolio holdings on a frequent basis.
In connection with the management of its daily cash positions, each Fund may invest in securities issued by investment companies that invest in short-term debt securities (which may include municipal obligations that are exempt from Federal income taxes) and that seek to maintain a $1.00 NAV per share.
In certain countries, investments by the Funds may only be made through investments in other investment companies that, in turn, are authorized to invest in the securities that are issued in such countries. (See “Foreign Investment Companies” under “Foreign Investing” in this section of the SAI.)
Under the 1940 Act, a Fund generally may not own more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of an investment company, invest more than 5% of its total assets in any one investment company, or invest more than 10% of its total assets in the securities of investment companies. In some instances, a Fund may invest in an investment company in excess of these limits; for instance, with respect to investments in money market funds or investments made pursuant to exemptive rules adopted and/or orders granted by the SEC. The SEC has adopted exemptive rules to permit funds of funds to exceed these limits when complying with certain conditions, which differ depending upon whether the funds in which a fund of funds invests are affiliated or unaffiliated with the fund of funds. Many ETFs have obtained exemptive relief from the SEC to permit unaffiliated funds to invest in the ETF’s shares beyond the statutory limitations discussed above,
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subject to certain conditions. The Funds may rely on these exemptive rules and/or orders to invest in affiliated or unaffiliated mutual funds and/or unaffiliated ETFs. In addition to this, the Trust has obtained exemptive relief permitting the Funds to exceed the limitations with respect to investments in affiliated and unaffiliated funds that are not themselves funds of funds, subject to certain conditions.
The risks associated with investing in other investment companies generally reflect the risks of owning shares of the underlying securities in which those investment companies invest, although lack of liquidity in an investment company could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities. For purposes of complying with investment policies requiring a Fund to invest a percentage of its assets in a certain type of investments (e.g., stocks of small capitalization companies), the Fund generally will look through an investment company in which it invests, to categorize the investment company in accordance with the types of investments the investment company holds.
Certain investment companies in which the Funds may invest may be considered commodity pools under the CEA and applicable CFTC regulations. If a Fund invests in such an investment company, the Fund will be required to treat some or all of its holding of the investment company’s shares as a commodity interest for the purposes of determining whether the Fund is qualified to claim exclusion or exemption from regulation by the CFTC. (See “Commodity Interests” in this section of the SAI for additional information regarding the implications to the Funds of investing in commodity interests.)
Investors in each Fund should recognize that when a Fund invests in another investment company, the Fund will bear its pro rata portion of the other investment company’s expenses, including advisory fees, in addition to the expenses the Fund bears directly in connection with its own operations.
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Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
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Each Fund may invest in REITs. REITs pool investors’ funds for investment primarily in income producing commercial real estate or real estate related loans. A REIT is not taxed on income distributed to shareholders if it complies with several requirements relating to its organization, ownership, assets, and income and a requirement that it distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its taxable income (other than net capital gains) for each taxable year.
REITs can generally be classified as follows:
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Equity REITs, which invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive their income primarily from rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value.
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Mortgage REITs, which invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive their income primarily from interest payments.
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Hybrid REITs, which combine the characteristics of both equity REITs and mortgage REITs.
REITs are structured similarly to closed-end investment companies in that they are essentially holding companies. An investor should realize that by investing in REITs indirectly through the Fund, he will bear not only his proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also, indirectly, similar expenses of the underlying REITs. (See “Mutual Fund Investing” in this section of the SAI.)
Selecting REITs requires an evaluation of the merits of each type of asset a particular REIT owns, as well as regional and local economics. Due to the proliferation of REITs in recent years and the relative lack of sophistication of certain REIT managers, the quality of
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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REIT assets has varied significantly. The risks associated with REITs are similar to those associated with the direct ownership of real estate. These include declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, dependence on management skill, cash flow dependence, possible lack of availability of long-term mortgage funds, over-building, extended vacancies of properties, decreased occupancy rates and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in neighborhood values and the appeal of the properties to tenants and changes in interest rates.
Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying properties they own, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, equity and mortgage REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally are not diversified. Equity and mortgage REITs are also subject to potential defaults by borrowers, self-liquidation, and the possibility of failing to qualify for tax-free status of income under the Code and failing to maintain exemption from the 1940 Act. In the event of a default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting its investments. In addition, investment in REITs could cause the Fund to possibly fail to qualify as a regulated investment company. (See the “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes” section of the SAI.)
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Repurchase Agreements
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Each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements by which the Fund purchases portfolio securities subject to the seller’s agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed-upon time and price. The repurchase price may be higher than the purchase price, the difference being income to the Fund, or the purchase and repurchase price may be the same, with interest payable to the Fund at a stated rate together with the repurchase price on repurchase. In either case, the income to the Fund is unrelated to the interest rate on the security.
A repurchase agreement must be collateralized by obligations that could otherwise be purchased by the Fund (except with respect to maturity), and these must be maintained by the seller in a segregated account for the Fund. The value of such collateral will be monitored throughout the term of the repurchase agreement in an attempt to ensure that the market value of the collateral always equals or exceeds the repurchase price (including accrued interest). If the value of the collateral dips below such repurchase price, additional collateral will be requested and, when received, added to the account to maintain full collateralization.
Repurchase agreements will be entered into with commercial banks, brokers and dealers considered by the relevant Fund’s subadviser to be creditworthy. However, the use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks such as default by, or insolvency of, the other party to the transaction. The Fund also might incur disposition costs in connection with liquidating the underlying securities or enforcing its rights.
Typically, repurchase agreements are in effect for one week or less, but they may be in effect for longer periods of time.
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| | Repurchase agreements of more than seven days’ duration are subject to each Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities, which means that no more than 15% of the market value of a Fund’s total assets may be invested in repurchase agreements with a maturity of more than seven days and in other illiquid securities. | |
Securities Lending
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Subject to certain investment restrictions, each Fund may, subject to the Trustees’ and Trust Treasurer’s approval, lend securities from its portfolio to brokers, dealers and financial institutions deemed creditworthy and receive, as collateral, cash or cash equivalents which at all times while the loan is outstanding will be maintained in amounts equal to at least 100% of the current market value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral will be invested in short-term securities that will increase the current income of the Fund lending its securities.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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Fund-Specific Limitations
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A Fund will have the right to regain record ownership of loaned securities to exercise beneficial rights such as voting rights and subscription rights. While a securities loan is outstanding, the Fund is to receive an amount equal to any dividends, interest or other distributions with respect to the loaned securities. A Fund may pay reasonable fees to persons unaffiliated with the Trust for services in arranging such loans.
Even though securities lending usually does not impose market risks on the lending Fund, as with any extension of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery of the loaned securities and in some cases loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially. In addition, the value of the collateral taken as security for the securities loaned may decline in value or may be difficult to convert to cash in the event that a Fund must rely on the collateral to recover the value of the securities. Moreover, if the borrower of the securities is insolvent, under current bankruptcy law, the Fund could be ordered by a court not to liquidate the collateral for an indeterminate period of time. If the borrower is the subject of insolvency proceedings and the collateral held might not be liquidated, the result could be a material adverse impact on the liquidity of the lending Fund.
No Fund will lend securities having a value in excess of 33 1/3% of its assets, including collateral received for loaned securities (valued at the time of any loan).
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Short Sales
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Each Fund may sell securities short as part of its overall portfolio management strategies involving the use of derivative instruments and to offset potential declines in long positions in similar securities. A short sale is a transaction in which a Fund sells a security it does not own or have the right to acquire, or that it owns but does not wish to deliver, in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. A short sale is “against the box” to the extent the Fund contemporaneously owns, or has the right to obtain at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. All other short sales are commonly referred to as “naked” short sales.
When a Fund makes a short sale, the broker-dealer through which the short sale is made must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the party purchasing the security. The Fund is required to make a margin deposit in connection with such short sales; the Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and will often be obligated to pay over any dividends and accrued interest on borrowed securities. If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund covers its short position, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.
If a Fund sells securities short against the box, it may protect unrealized gains, but will lose the opportunity to profit on such securities if the price rises. If a Fund engages in naked short sales, the Fund’s risk of loss could be as much as the maximum attainable price of the security (which could be limitless) less the price paid by the Fund for the security at the time it was borrowed.
When a Fund sells securities short, to the extent required by applicable law and regulation the Fund will “cover” the short sale, which generally means that the Fund will segregate any asset, including equity securities and non-investment-grade debt so long as the asset is liquid, unencumbered and marked to market daily, equal
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| | The Small-Cap Core Fund may not engage in naked short sales. (Transactions in futures, options, swaps and forward contracts are not deemed to constitute selling securities short.). | |
Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
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| |
Fund-Specific Limitations
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to the market value of the securities sold short, reduced by any amount deposited as margin. Alternatively, the Fund may “cover” a short sale by (a) owning the underlying securities, (b) owning securities currently convertible into the underlying securities at an exercise price equal to or less than the current market price of the underlying securities, or (c) owning a purchased call option on the underlying securities with an exercise price equal to or less than the price at which the underlying securities were sold short.
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Special Situations
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Each Fund may invest in special situations that the Fund’s subadviser believes present opportunities for capital growth. Such situations most typically include corporate restructurings, mergers, and tender offers.
A special situation arises when, in the opinion of the Fund’s subadviser, the securities of a particular company will, within a reasonably estimable period of time, be accorded market recognition at an appreciated value solely by reason of a development particularly or uniquely applicable to that company and regardless of general business conditions or movements of the market as a whole. Developments creating special situations might include, among others, the following: liquidations, reorganizations, recapitalizations, mergers, or tender offers; material litigation or resolution thereof; technological breakthroughs; and new management or management policies. Although large and well-known companies may be involved, special situations often involve much greater risk than is inherent in ordinary investment securities.
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Temporary Investments
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| |
When business or financial conditions warrant, each Fund may assume a temporary defensive position by investing in money-market instruments, including obligations of the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities, obligations of foreign sovereigns, other debt securities, commercial paper including bank obligations, certificates of deposit (including Eurodollar certificates of deposit) and repurchase agreements. (See “Money Market Instruments” in this section of the SAI for more information about these types of investments.)
For temporary defensive purposes, during periods in which a Fund’s subadviser believes adverse changes in economic, financial or political conditions make it advisable, the Fund may reduce its holdings in equity and other securities and may invest up to 100% of its assets in certain short-term (less than twelve months to maturity) and medium-term (not greater than five years to maturity) debt securities and in cash (U.S. dollars, foreign currencies, or multicurrency units). The short-term and medium-term debt securities in which a Fund may invest for temporary defensive purposes will be those that the Fund’s subadviser believes to be of high quality (i.e., subject to relatively low risk of loss of interest or principal). If rated, these securities will be rated in one of the three highest rating categories by rating services such as Moody’s or S&P (i.e., rated at least A).
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Warrants or Rights to Purchase Securities
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| |
Each Fund may invest in or acquire warrants or rights to purchase equity or fixed income securities at a specified price during a specific period of time. A Fund will make such investments only if the underlying securities are deemed appropriate by the Fund’s subadviser for inclusion in the Fund’s portfolio. Included are warrants and rights whose underlying securities are not traded on principal domestic or foreign exchanges. Warrants and stock rights are almost identical to call options in their nature, use and effect except that they are issued by the issuer of the underlying security, rather than an option writer, and they generally have longer expiration dates than call options. (See “Options” in this section of the SAI for information about call options.)
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
|
| |
Fund-Specific Limitations
|
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Bonds with warrants attached to purchase equity securities have many characteristics of convertible bonds and their prices may, to some degree, reflect the performance of the underlying stock. However, unlike convertible securities and preferred stocks, warrants do not pay a fixed dividend. Bonds also may be issued with warrants attached to purchase additional fixed income securities at the same coupon rate. A decline in interest rates would permit a Fund holding such warrants to buy additional bonds at the favorable rate or to sell the warrants at a profit. If interest rates rise, the warrants would generally expire with no value.
A Fund may purchase put warrants and call warrants whose values vary depending on the change in the value of one or more specified securities indices (“index warrants”). Index warrants are generally issued by banks or other financial institutions and give the holder the right, at any time during the term of the warrant, to receive upon exercise of the warrant a cash payment from the issuer based on the value of the underlying index at the time of exercise. In general, if the value of the underlying index rises above the exercise price of the index warrant, the holder of a call warrant will be entitled to receive a cash payment from the issuer upon exercise based on the difference between the value of the index and the exercise price of the warrant; if the value of the underlying index falls, the holder of a put warrant will be entitled to receive a cash payment from the issuer upon exercise based on the difference between the exercise price of the warrant and the value of the index. The holder of a warrant would not be entitled to any payments from the issuer at any time when, in the case of a call warrant, the exercise price is greater than the value of the underlying index or, in the case of a put warrant, the exercise price is less than the value of the underlying index. If a Fund were not to exercise an index warrant prior to its expiration, then the Fund would lose the amount of the purchase price paid by it for the warrant.
A Fund will normally use index warrants in a manner similar to its use of options on securities indices. The risks of the Fund’s use of index warrants are generally similar to those relating to its use of index options. (See “Options” in this section of the SAI for information about index options.) Unlike most index options, however, index warrants are issued in limited amounts and are not obligations of a regulated clearing agency, but are backed only by the credit of the bank or other institution which issues the warrant. Also, index warrants generally have longer terms than index options. Although a Fund will normally invest only in exchange-listed warrants, index warrants are not likely to be as liquid as certain index options backed by a recognized clearing agency. In addition, the terms of index warrants may limit a Fund’s ability to exercise the warrants at such time, or in such quantities, as the Fund would otherwise wish to do.
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When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Transactions
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| |
Each Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis. These transactions are also known as delayed delivery transactions. (The phrase “delayed delivery” is not intended to include purchases where a delay in delivery involves only a brief period required by the selling party solely to locate appropriate certificates and prepare them for submission for clearance and settlement in the customary way.) Delayed delivery transactions involve a commitment by the Fund to purchase or sell securities at a future date (ordinarily up to 90 days later). The price of the underlying securities (usually expressed in terms of yield) and the date when the securities will be delivered and paid for (the settlement date) are fixed at the time the transaction is negotiated. When-issued purchases and forward commitments are negotiated directly with the selling party.
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Investment Technique
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Description and Risks
|
| |
Fund-Specific Limitations
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When-issued purchases and forward commitments enable the Fund to lock in what is believed to be an attractive price or yield on a particular security for a period of time, regardless of future changes in interest rates. For example, in periods of rising interest rates and falling bond prices, the Fund might sell debt securities it owns on a forward commitment basis to limit its exposure to falling prices. In periods of falling interest rates and rising prices, the Fund might sell securities it owns and purchase the same or similar securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, thereby obtaining the benefit of currently higher yields. The Fund will not enter into such transactions for the purpose of leverage.
The value of securities purchased on a when-issued or forward commitment basis and any subsequent fluctuations in their value will be reflected in the Fund’s NAV starting on the first business day after the date of the agreement to purchase the securities. The Fund will be subject to the rights and risks of ownership of the securities on the agreement date. However, the Fund will not earn interest on securities it has committed to purchase until they are paid for and received. A seller’s failure to deliver securities to the Fund could prevent the Fund from realizing a price or yield considered to be advantageous and could cause the Fund to incur expenses associated with unwinding the transaction.
When a Fund makes a forward commitment to sell securities it owns, the proceeds to be received upon settlement will be included in the Fund’s assets. Fluctuations in the market value of the underlying securities will not be reflected in the Fund’s NAV as long as the commitment to sell remains in effect. Settlement of when-issued purchases and forward commitment transactions generally takes place up to 90 days after the date of the transaction, but the Fund may agree to a longer settlement period.
The Funds will make commitments to purchase securities on a when-issued basis or to purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis only with the intention of completing the transaction and actually purchasing or selling the securities. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, a Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into. A Fund also may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. The Fund may realize a capital gain or loss in connection with these transactions.
When a Fund purchases securities on a when-issued or forward-commitment basis, the Fund will specifically designate on its accounting records securities having a value (determined daily) at least equal to the amount of the Fund’s purchase commitments. These procedures are designed to ensure that each Fund will maintain sufficient assets at all times to cover its obligations under when-issued purchases and forward commitments.
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|
Name and Year of Birth
|
| |
Length of
Time Served |
| |
Number of
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee |
| |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past
5 Years |
| |
Other Directorships Held by Trustee
During Past 5 Years |
|
| Brown, Thomas J. YOB: 1945 | | |
Served since 2016.
|
| |
[87]
|
| | Retired | | | Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 2016), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios) and Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Trustee (since 2011), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); Director (since 2010), D’Youville Senior Care Center; and Director (since 2005), VALIC Company Funds (49 portfolios). | |
|
Name and Year of Birth
|
| |
Length of
Time Served |
| |
Number of
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee |
| |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past
5 Years |
| |
Other Directorships Held by Trustee
During Past 5 Years |
|
| Burke, Donald C. YOB: 1961 | | |
Served since 2016.
|
| |
[91]
|
| | Retired. | | | Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 2016), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios) and Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Director (since 2014) closed-end funds managed by Duff & Phelps Investment Management Co. (4 funds); Director, Avista Corp. (energy company) (since 2011); Trustee, Goldman Sachs Fund Complex (2010 to 2014); and Director, BlackRock Luxembourg and Cayman Funds (2006 to 2010). | |
| Gelfenbien, Roger A. YOB: 1943 | | |
Served since 2016.
|
| |
[87]
|
| | Retired. | | | Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 2016), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios) and Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Trustee (since 2000), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); and Director (since 1999), USAllianz Variable Insurance Product Trust (42 portfolios). | |
| Harris, Sidney E. YOB: 1949 | | |
Served since 2017
|
| |
[87]
|
| | Professor and Dean Emeritus (since April 2015), Professor (1997 to 2014), Dean (1997 to 2004), J. Mack Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University. | | | Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios) and Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 1999) Total System Services, Inc.; Trustee (since 2013), KIPP Metro Atlanta; Trustee (2004 to 2017), RidgeWorth Funds; Trustee (2012 to 2017), International University of the Grand Bassam; and Trustee (2011 to 2015), Genspring Family Offices, LLC. | |
| Mallin, John R. YOB: 1950 | | |
Served since 2016.
|
| |
[87]
|
| | Partner/Attorney (since 2003), McCarter & English LLP Real Property Practice Group and Member (since 2014), Counselors of Real Estate. | | | Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 2016), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios) and Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Director (since 2013), Horizons, Inc. (non-profit); and Trustee (since 1999), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios). | |
|
Name and Year of Birth
|
| |
Length of
Time Served |
| |
Number of
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee |
| |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past
5 Years |
| |
Other Directorships Held by Trustee
During Past 5 Years |
|
| McClellan, Hassell H. YOB: 1945 | | |
Served since 2015.
|
| |
[87]
|
| | Retired. Professor (1984 to 2013), Wallace E. Carroll School of Management, Boston College. | | | Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 2016), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Trustee (since 2015), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios); and Director (since 2010), Barnes Group, Inc. (diversified global components manufacturer and logistical services company); Trustee (since 2008), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); and Trustee (since 2000) and Chairperson (since 2017), John Hancock Fund Complex (collectively, 227 portfolios). | |
| McDaniel, Connie D. YOB: 1958 | | |
Served since 2017
|
| |
[87]
|
| | Retired. Vice President, Chief of Internal Audit, Corporate Audit Department (2009 to 2013); Vice President Global Finance Transformation (2007 to 2009); Vice President and Controller (1999 to 2007), The Coca-Cola Company. | | | Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios) and Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (2005 to 2017), RidgeWorth Funds; and Trustee (since 2014), Total System Services, Inc. | |
|
McLouglin, Philip
Chairman
YOB: 1946
|
| |
Served since 1993.
|
| |
[95]
|
| | Retired | | | Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Director and Chairman (since 2016), Virtus Total Return Fund Inc. and Virtus Global Dividend & Income Fund Inc.; Trustee and Chairman (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Director and Chairman (since 2014), Duff & Phelps Select Energy MLP Fund Inc.; Trustee and Chairman (since 2011), Virtus Global Multi-Sector Income Fund; Chairman and Trustee (since 2003), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); Director (since 1995), closed-end funds managed by Duff & Phelps Investment Management Co. (4 funds); Director (since 1991) and Chairman (since 2010), Lazard World Trust Fund (closed-end investment firm in Luxembourg); and Trustee (since 1989) and Chairman (since 2002), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios). | |
|
Name and Year of Birth
|
| |
Length of
Time Served |
| |
Number of
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee |
| |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past
5 Years |
| |
Other Directorships Held by Trustee
During Past 5 Years |
|
|
McNamara, Geraldine M.
YOB: 1951
|
| |
Served since 2001.
|
| |
[91]
|
| | Retired. | | | Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 2016) Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Trustee (since 2015), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); Director (since 2003), closed-end funds managed by Duff & Phelps Investment Management Co. (4 funds); and Trustee (since 2001), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios). | |
|
Oates, James M.
YOB: 1946
|
| |
Served since 1993.
|
| |
[91]
|
| | Managing Director (since 1994), Wydown Group (consulting firm). | | | Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Director (since 2016), Virtus Global Dividend & Income Fund Inc. and Virtus Total Return Fund Inc.; Trustee (since 2016) Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); Director (since 2014), Duff & Phelps Select Energy MLP Fund Inc.; Trustee (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Trustee (since 2011), Virtus Global Multi-Sector Income Fund; Trustee (since 2005) and Chairperson (2005 to 2017), John Hancock Fund Complex (227 portfolios); Director (2002 to 2014), New Hampshire Trust Company; Chairman (2000 to 2016), Emerson Investment Management, Inc.; Non-Executive Chairman (2000 to 2014), Hudson Castle Group, Inc. (formerly IBEX Capital Markets, Inc.) (financial services); Chairman and Director (1999 to 2014), Connecticut River Bank; Director (since 1996), Stifel Financial; and Trustee (since 1987), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios). | |
|
Segerson, Richard E.
YOB: 1946
|
| |
Served since 1983.
|
| |
[87]
|
| | Retired. Managing Director (1998 to 2013), Northway Management Company. | | | Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 2016) Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios) and Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); and Trustee (since 1983), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios). | |
|
Name and Year of Birth
|
| |
Length of
Time Served |
| |
Number of
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee |
| |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past
5 Years |
| |
Other Directorships Held by Trustee
During Past 5 Years |
|
|
Verdonck, Ferdinand L.J.
YOB: 1942
|
| |
Served since 2004.
|
| |
[87]
|
| | Director (1998 to 2015), The J.P. Morgan Continental European Investment Trust; Director (2005 to 2013), Galapagos N.V. (biotechnology); Director (1998 to 2015) Groupe SNEF; Vice Chairman (since 2014), Affirmed Therapeutics (biotechnology); and Mr. Verdonck is also a director of several non-U.S. companies. | | | Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Trustee (since 2016) Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios) and Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); and Trustee (since 2002), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex (49 portfolios). | |
|
Name and Year of Birth
|
| |
Length of
Time Served |
| |
Number of
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee |
| |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past
5 Years |
| |
Other Directorships Held by Trustee
During Past 5 Years |
|
|
Aylward, George R.
YOB: 1964
|
| |
Served since 2006.
|
| |
[93]
|
| | Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (since 2008), Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; and various senior officer positions with Virtus affiliates (since 2005). | | | Trustee (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Chairman and Trustee (since 2015), Virtus ETF Trust II (2 funds); Trustee and President (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (3 portfolios); Director (since 2013), Virtus Global Funds, PLC (2 portfolios); Trustee (since 2012) and President (since 2010), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (9 portfolios); Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (since 2014), Duff & Phelps Select Energy MLP Fund Inc.; Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer (since 2011), Virtus Global Multi-Sector Income Fund; Trustee (since 2006), Virtus Mutual Funds (49 portfolios); and Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (since 2006), Virtus Global Dividend & Income Fund Inc. and Virtus Total Return Fund Inc. | |
|
Name, Address and Year of
Birth |
| |
Position(s) Held with the
Trust and Length of Time Served |
| |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
|
|
|
Bradley, W. Patrick
YOB: 1972
|
| | Executive Vice President (since 2016), Senior Vice President (2013 to 2016), Vice President (2011 to 2013), and Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2006). | | | Executive Vice President, Fund Services (since 2016), and Senior Vice President, Fund Services (2010 to 2016), Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; various officer positions (since 2006) with Virtus affiliates; Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Executive Vice President (since 2016), Senior Vice President (2013 to 2016), Vice President (2011 to 2013), and Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2004), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust; Executive Vice President (since 2016), Senior Vice President (2013 to 2016), Vice President (2011 to 2013), Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2006), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex; Executive Vice President (since 2016), Senior Vice President (2013 to 2016), Vice President (2012 to 2013) and Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer (since 2010), Virtus Total Return Fund Inc. and Virtus Global Dividend & Income Fund Inc.; Executive Vice President (since 2016), Senior Vice President (2013 to 2016), Vice President (2011 to 2013), and Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2011), Virtus Global Multi-Sector Income Fund; Executive Vice President (since 2016), Senior Vice President (2014 to 2016), Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2014), Duff & Phelps Select Energy MLP Fund Inc.; Vice President and Assistant Treasurer (since 2011), Duff & Phelps Global Utility Income Fund Inc.; Director (since 2013), Virtus Global Funds, PLC; and Executive Vice President (since 2016), Senior Vice President (2013 to 2016), and Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust. | |
|
Carr, Kevin J.
YOB: 1954
|
| | Senior Vice President (since 2013), Vice President (2005 to 2013), and Chief Legal Officer, Counsel and Secretary (since 2005). | | | Senior Vice President (since 2009), and Vice President, Counsel and Secretary (2008 to 2009), Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; various senior officer positions (since 2005) with Virtus affiliates; Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, Counsel and Secretary (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Senior Vice President (since 2013), Vice President (2005 to 2013), Chief Legal Officer, Counsel and Secretary (since 2005), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex; Senior Vice President (2013 to 2014), Vice President (2012 to 2013), Assistant Secretary (since 2012), Secretary and Chief Legal Officer (2005 to 2012), Virtus Total Return Fund Inc. and Virtus Global Dividend & Income Fund Inc.; Senior Vice President and Assistant Secretary (since 2017), Assistant Secretary (2013 to 2017), Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, Counsel and Secretary (2010 to 2013), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust; Vice President and Assistant Secretary (since 2011), Duff & Phelps Global Utility Income Fund Inc.; Senior Vice President and Assistant Secretary (2013 to 2014), Vice President and Assistant Secretary (2012 to 2013), and Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, Counsel and Secretary (2011 to 2012), Virtus Closed-End Funds; and Senior Vice President and Assistant Secretary (since 2017) and Assistant Secretary (2013 to 2017), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust. | |
|
Name, Address and Year of
Birth |
| |
Position(s) Held with the
Trust and Length of Time Served |
| |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
|
|
|
Engberg, Nancy J.
YOB: 1956
|
| | Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2017); Vice President (2011 to 2017) and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2011). | | | Senior Vice President (since 2017), Vice President (2008 to 2017) and Chief Compliance Officer (2008 to 2011 and since 2016), Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; various officer positions (since 2003) with Virtus affiliates; Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Senior Vice President (since 2017), Vice President (2011 to 2017) and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2011), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex; Senior Vice President (since 2017), Vice President (2010 to 2016) and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2011), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust; Senior Vice President (since 2017), Vice President (2011 to 2016) and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2011), Virtus Global Multi-Sector Income Fund; Senior Vice President (since 2017), Vice President (2012 to 2016) and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2012), Virtus Total Return Fund Inc. and Virtus Global Dividend & Income Fund Inc.; Senior Vice President (since 2017), Vice President (2013 to 2016) and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust; Chief Compliance Officer (since 2015), ETFis Series Trust I; and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2015), Virtus ETF Trust II. | |
|
Waltman, Francis G.
YOB: 1962
|
| | Executive Vice President (since 2013), and Senior Vice President (2008 to 2013). | | | Executive Vice President, Product Development (since 2009), Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries; various senior officer positions (since 2006) with Virtus affiliates; Executive Vice President (since 2017), Virtus Asset Trust (26 portfolios); Executive Vice President (since 2013), Senior Vice President (2008 to 2013), Virtus Mutual Fund Complex; Executive Vice President (since 2013), and Senior Vice President (2010 to 2013), Virtus Variable Insurance Trust; Executive Vice President (since 2013), and Senior Vice President (2011 to 2013), Virtus Global Multi-Sector Income Fund; Executive Vice President (since 2014), Duff & Phelps Select Energy MLP Fund Inc.; Director (since 2013), Virtus Global Funds PLC; and Executive Vice President (since 2013), Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust. | |
Independent Trustees
|
| |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in a Fund of the Trust
|
| |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Trustee
Ownership in all Funds Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies |
|
[Thomas J. Brown | | |
None
|
| |
None
|
|
Independent Trustees
|
| |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in a Fund of the Trust
|
| |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Trustee
Ownership in all Funds Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies |
|
Donald C. Burke | | |
None
|
| |
Over $100,000
|
|
Roger A. Gelfenbien | | |
None
|
| |
None
|
|
Sidney E. Harris * | | |
None
|
| |
Over $100,000
|
|
John R. Mallin | | |
None
|
| |
Over $100,000
|
|
Hassell H. McClellan | | |
None
|
| |
None
|
|
Connie D. McDaniel * | | |
None
|
| |
Over $100,000
|
|
Philip McLoughlin | | |
Contrarian Value Fund – $1 – $10,000
Global Quality Dividend Fund – $10,001 – $50,000
Small-Cap Value Fund – $50,001 – $100,000
Strategic Growth Fund – $50,001 – $100,000
|
| |
Over $100,000
|
|
Geraldine M. McNamara | | |
Contrarian Value Fund – $10,001 – $50,000
|
| |
Over $100,000
|
|
James M. Oates | | |
Contrarian Value Fund – Over $100,000
Small-Cap Value Fund – Over $100,000
|
| |
Over $100,000
|
|
Richard E. Segerson | | |
None
|
| |
Over $100,000
|
|
Ferdinand L.J. Verdonck | | |
Contrarian Value Fund – $10,001 – $50,000
Enhanced Core Equity Fund – $10,001 – $50,000
Global Quality Dividend Fund– $50,001 – $100,000
Small-Cap Core Fund – $10,001 – $50,000
|
| |
Over $100,000
|
|
Interested Trustee | | | | | | | |
George R. Aylward | | |
Global Quality Dividend Fund – $1 – $10,000
|
| |
Over $100,000
|
|
Independent Trustees
|
| |
Aggregate Compensation from Trust
|
| |
Total Compensation From Trust and Fund
Complex Paid to Trustees |
|
Thomas J. Brown | | |
[$___]
|
| |
[$___ (63 Funds) ]
|
|
Donald C. Burke | | |
[$___]
|
| |
[$___ (67 Funds) ]
|
|
Roger A. Gelfenbien | | |
[$___]
|
| |
[$___ (63 Funds) ]
|
|
Sidney E. Harris * | | |
[$___]
|
| |
[$___ (__ Funds) ]
|
|
John R. Mallin | | |
[$___]
|
| |
[$___ (63 Funds) ]
|
|
Hassell H. McClellan | | |
[$___]
|
| |
[$___ (63 Funds) ]
|
|
Connie D. McDaniel * | | |
[$___]
|
| |
[$___ (__ Funds) ]
|
|
Philip R. McLoughlin | | |
[$___]
|
| |
[$___ (72 Funds) ]
|
|
Geraldine M. McNamara | | |
[$___]
|
| |
[$___ (67 Funds) ]
|
|
James M. Oates | | |
[$___]
|
| |
[$___ (68 Funds) ]
|
|
Richard E. Segerson | | |
[$___]
|
| |
[$___ (63 Funds) ]
|
|
Ferdinand L.J. Verdonck | | |
[$___]
|
| |
[$___ (63 Funds) ]
|
|
Interested Trustee | | | | | | | |
George R. Aylward | | |
None
|
| |
None
|
|
Fund
|
| |
Investment Advisory Fee
|
| ||||||
Small-Cap Core Fund | | | | | |
0.75%
|
| | | |
Small-Cap Value Fund | | | | | |
0.70%
|
| | | |
| | | | | |
1
st
$500 Million
|
| |
Over $500 Million
|
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund | | | | | |
0.80%
|
| |
0.70%
|
|
| | | | | |
1
st
$1 Billion
|
| |
$1+ Billion
|
|
Contrarian Value Fund | | | | | |
0.75%
|
| |
0.70%
|
|
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund | | | | | |
[___]%
|
| |
[___]%
|
|
| | |
1
st
$1 Billion
|
| |
$1+ Billion through $2 Billion
|
| |
$2+ Billion
|
|
Capital Growth Fund | | |
0.70%
|
| |
0.65%
|
| |
0.60%
|
|
Enhanced Core Equity Fund | | |
0.75%
|
| |
0.70%
|
| |
0.65%
|
|
Global Quality Dividend Fund | | |
0.75%
|
| |
0.70%
|
| |
0.65%
|
|
Mid-Cap Core Fund | | |
0.80%
|
| |
0.75%
|
| |
0.70%
|
|
Strategic Allocation Fund | | |
0.55%
|
| |
0.50%
|
| |
0.45%
|
|
Tactical Allocation Fund | | |
0.70%
|
| |
0.65%
|
| |
0.60%
|
|
| | |
1
st
$400 Million
|
| |
$400+ Million through $1 Billion
|
| |
$1+ Billion
|
|
Small-Cap Growth Fund | | |
0.90%
|
| |
0.85%
|
| |
0.80%
|
|
Fund
|
| |
Class A
|
| |
Class C
|
| |
Class I
|
| |
Class R6
|
| |
Class T
|
| |||||||||||||||
Capital Growth Fund | | | | | 1.47 % | | | | | | 2.22 % | | | | | | 1.22 % | | | | | | — | | | | | | 1.47 % | | |
Contrarian Value Fund | | | | | 1.48 % | | | | | | 2.23 % | | | | | | 1.23 % | | | | | | 1.09 % | | | | | | 1.48 % | | |
Fund
|
| |
Class A
|
| |
Class C
|
| |
Class I
|
| |
Class R6
|
| |
Class T
|
| |||||||||||||||
Enhanced Core Equity Fund | | | | | 1.20 % | | | | | | 1.95 % | | | | | | 0.95 % | | | | | | — | | | | | | 1.20 % | | |
Global Quality Dividend Fund | | | | | 1.35 % | | | | | | 2.10 % | | | | | | 1.10 % | | | | | | — | | | | | | 1.35 % | | |
Mid-Cap Core Fund | | | | | 1.20 % | | | | | | 1.95 % | | | | | | 0.95 % | | | | | | — | | | | | | 1.20 % | | |
Mid-Cap Growth Fund | | | | | 1.40 % | | | | | | 2.15 % | | | | | | 1.15 % | | | | | | — | | | | | | 1.40 % | | |
Small-Cap Growth Fund | | | | | 1.50 % | | | | | | 2.25 % | | | | | | 1.25 % | | | | | | — | | | | | | 1.50 % | | |
Small-Cap Value Fund | | | | | 1.42 % | | | | | | 2.17 % | | | | | | 1.17 % | | | | | | 1.07 % | | | | | | 1.42 % | | |
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund | | | | | [___] % | | | | | | [___] % | | | | | | [___] % | | | | | | [___] % | | | | | | [___] % | | |
| | |
Gross Advisory Fee ($)
|
| |
Advisory Fee Waived and/or
Expenses Reimbursed ($) |
| |
Net Advisory Fee ($)
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund
**
|
| |
3/31/2016
|
| |
3/31/2017
|
| |
9/30/2017
|
| |
3/31/2016
|
| |
3/31/2017
|
| |
9/30/2017
|
| |
3/31/2016
|
| |
3/31/2017
|
| |
9/30/2017
|
| ||||||||||||||||||
Capital Growth Fund | | | | | 3,110,171 | | | | | | 2,953,885 | | | |
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
|
| | | | 3,110,171 | | | | | | 2,953,885 | | | | | |
Contrarian Value Fund | | | | | 2,442,666 | | | | | | 1,673,361 | | | |
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
|
| | | | 2,442,666 | | | | | | 1,673,361 | | | | | |
| | |
Gross Advisory Fee ($)
|
| |
Advisory Fee Waived and/or
Expenses Reimbursed ($) |
| |
Net Advisory Fee ($)
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund
**
|
| |
3/31/2016
|
| |
3/31/2017
|
| |
9/30/2017
|
| |
3/31/2016
|
| |
3/31/2017
|
| |
9/30/2017
|
| |
3/31/2016
|
| |
3/31/2017
|
| |
9/30/2017
|
| ||||||||||||||||||
Enhanced Core Equity Fund | | | | | 1,164,434 | | | | | | 1,207,707 | | | |
|
| | | | 202,324 | | | | | | 215,495 | | | |
|
| | | | 962,110 | | | | | | 992,212 | | | | | |
Mid-Cap Core Fund | | | | | 221,690 | | | | | | 454,699 | | | |
|
| | | | 79,143 | | | | | | 158,136 | | | |
|
| | | | 142,547 | | | | | | 296,563 | | | | | |
Global Quality Dividend Fund | | | | | 536,079 | | | | | | 478,251 | | | |
|
| | | | 61,526 | | | | | | 71,770 | | | |
|
| | | | 474,553 | | | | | | 406,481 | | | | | |
Mid-Cap Growth Fund | | | | | 706,098 | | | | | | 687,968 | | | |
|
| | | | 75,916 | | | | | | 91,392 | | | |
|
| | | | 630,182 | | | | | | 596,576 | | | | | |
Small-Cap Core Fund | | | | | 2,310,806 | | | | | | 2,885,862 | | | |
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
|
| | | | 2,310,806 | | | | | | 2,885,862 | | | | | |
Small-Cap Growth Fund | | | | | 1,395,135 | | | | | | 3,644,884 | | | |
|
| | | | 59,911 | | | | | | 7,201 | | | |
|
| | | | 1,343,224 | | | | | | 3,637,683 | | | | | |
Small-Cap Value Fund | | | | | 1,662,935 | | | | | | 2,067,974 | | | |
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
|
| | | | 1,662,935 | | | | | | 2,067,974 | | | | | |
Strategic Allocation Fund | | | | | 2,990,102 | | | | | | 2,665,676 | | | |
|
| | | | 15,458 | | | | | | 19,034 | | | |
|
| | | | 2,974,644 | | | | | | 2,646,642 | | | | | |
Tactical Allocation Fund | | | | | 1,196,523 | | | | | | 1,033,197 | | | |
|
| | | | 9,767 | | | | | | 11,829 | | | |
|
| | | | 1,186,756 | | | | | | 1,021,368 | | | | | |
Fund
|
| |
Subadvisory Fee
|
|
Strategic Allocation Fund (international equity portion) | | | 50% of the net advisory fee | |
Tactical Allocation Fund (international equity and portion)
|
| | 50% of the net advisory fee | |
Fund
|
| |
Subadvisory Fee
|
|
Strategic Allocation Fund (fixed income portion) | | | 50% of the net advisory fee | |
Tactical Allocation Fund (fixed income portion) | | | 50% of the net advisory fee | |
| | |
Gross Subadvisory Fee ($)
|
| |
Subadvisory Fee Waived and/or
Expenses Reimbursed ($) |
| |
Net Subadvisory Fee ($)
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund
**
|
| |
3/31/2016
|
| |
3/31/2017
|
| |
9/30/2017
|
| |
3/31/2016
|
| |
3/31/2017
|
| |
9/30/2017
|
| |
3/31/2016
|
| |
3/31/2017
|
| |
9/30/2017
|
| ||||||||||||||||||
Capital Growth Fund | | | | | 1,555,086 | | | | | | 1,476,942 | | | |
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
|
| | | | 1,555,086 | | | | | | 1,476,942 | | | | | |
Contrarian Value Fund | | | | | 1,160,266 | | | | | | 794,847 | | | |
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
|
| | | | 1,160,266 | | | | | | 794,847 | | | | | |
Enhanced Core Equity Fund | | | | | 582,217 | | | | | | 603,854 | | | |
|
| | | | (101,162 ) | | | | | | 107,742 | | | |
|
| | | | 481,055 | | | | | | 496,112 | | | | | |
Global Quality Dividend Fund | | | | | 268,040 | | | | | | 239,126 | | | |
|
| | | | (30,763 ) | | | | | | 35,885 | | | |
|
| | | | 237,277 | | | | | | 203,241 | | | | | |
Mid-Cap Core Fund | | | | | 110,845 | | | | | | 227,349 | | | |
|
| | | | (39,571 ) | | | | | | 78,768 | | | |
|
| | | | 71,273 | | | | | | 148,581 | | | | | |
Mid-Cap Growth Fund | | | | | 353,049 | | | | | | 343,984 | | | |
|
| | | | (37,958 ) | | | | | | 45,696 | | | |
|
| | | | 315,091 | | | | | | 298,288 | | | | | |
Small-Cap Core Fund | | | | | 1,155,403 | | | | | | 1,442,931 | | | |
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
|
| | | | 1,155,403 | | | | | | 1,442,931 | | | | | |
Small-Cap Growth Fund | | | | | 697,568 | | | | | | 1,822,442 | | | |
|
| | | | (25,956 ) | | | | | | 2,434 | | | |
|
| | | | 671,612 | | | | | | 1,820,008 | | | | | |
Small-Cap Value Fund | | | | | 831,467 | | | | | | 1,033,990 | | | |
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
|
| | | | 831,467 | | | | | | 1,033,990 | | | | | |
Strategic Allocation Fund (fixed income portion) | | | | | 601,361 | | | | | | 525,509 | | | |
|
| | | | — | | | | | | 2,173 | | | |
|
| | | | 601,361 | | | | | | 523,336 | | | | | |
Strategic Allocation Fund (equity
portion) *** |
| | | | 893,690 | | | | | | 360,024 | | | |
|
| | | | — | | | | | | 2,498 | | | |
|
| | | | 893,690 | | | | | | 357,526 | | | | | |
Strategic Allocation Fund (domestic equity portion) *** | | | | | N/A | | | | | | 335,509 | | | |
|
| | | | N/A | | | | | | 2,452 | | | |
|
| | | | N/A | | | | | | 333,057 | | | | | |
Strategic Allocation Fund (international equity portion) *** | | | | | N/A | | | | | | 111,796 | | | |
|
| | | | N/A | | | | | | 817 | | | |
|
| | | | N/A | | | | | | 110,979 | | | | | |
Tactical Allocation Fund (fixed income portion) | | | | | 194,428 | | | | | | 186,806 | | | |
|
| | | | — | | | | | | 2,302 | | | |
|
| | | | 194,428 | | | | | | 184,504 | | | | | |
Tactical Allocation Fund (equity portion) *** | | | | | 403,833 | | | | | | 151,523 | | | |
|
| | | | — | | | | | | 1,963 | | | |
|
| | | | 403,833 | | | | | | 149,560 | | | | | |
Tactical Allocation Fund (domestic equity portion) *** | | | | | N/A | | | | | | 130,029 | | | |
|
| | | | N/A | | | | | | 1,562 | | | |
|
| | | | N/A | | | | | | 128,467 | | | | | |
Tactical Allocation Fund (international equity portion) *** | | | | | N/A | | | | | | 48,241 | | | |
|
| | | | N/A | | | | | | 579 | | | |
|
| | | | N/A | | | | | | 47,662 | | | | | |
| First $15 billion | | | 0.10% | |
| $15+ billion to $30 billion | | | 0.095% | |
| $30+ billion to $50 billion | | | 0.09% | |
| Greater than $50 billion | | | 0.085% | |
| | |
Administration Fee ($)
|
| ||||||||||||
Fund
*
|
| |
3/31/2016
|
| |
3/31/2017
|
| |
9/30/17
|
| ||||||
Capital Growth Fund | | | | | 431,709 | | | | | | 413,093 | | | | | |
Contrarian Value Fund | | | | | 316,208 | | | | | | 218,426 | | | | | |
Enhanced Core Equity Fund | | | | | 150,837 | | | | | | 157,629 | | | | | |
Global Quality Dividend Fund | | | | | 69,421 | | | | | | 62,422 | | | | | |
Mid-Cap Core Fund | | | | | 26,941 | | | | | | 55,620 | | | | | |
Mid-Cap Growth Fund | | | | | 85,751 | | | | | | 84,179 | | | | | |
Small-Cap Core Fund | | | | | 299,293 | | | | | | 376,622 | | | | | |
Small-Cap Growth Fund | | | | | 150,676 | | | | | | 400,313 | | | | | |
Small-Cap Value Fund | | | | | 230,790 | | | | | | 289,172 | | | | | |
Strategic Allocation Fund | | | | | 528,150 | | | | | | 474,471 | | | | | |
Tactical Allocation Fund | | | | | 166,049 | | | | | | 144,492 | | | | | |
| First $15 billion | | | 0.0175% | |
| $15+ billion to $30 billion | | | 0.0145% | |
| $30+ billion to $50 billion | | | 0.0120% | |
| Greater than $50 billion | | | 0.0100% | |
| | |
Aggregate Underwriting
Commissions ($) |
| |
Amount Retained by the
Distributor ($) |
| |
Amount Re-allowed ($)
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fund
*
|
| |
3/31/2016
|
| |
3/31/2017
|
| |
9/30/2017
|
| |
3/31/2016
|
| |
3/31/2017
|
| |
9/30/2017
|
| |
3/31/2016
|
| |
3/31/2017
|
| |
9/30/2017
|
| ||||||||||||||||||
Capital Growth Fund | | | | | 136,808 | | | | | | 92,003 | | | |
|
| | | | 26,839 | | | | | | 17,514 | | | |
|
| | | | 109,969 | | | | | | 74,489 | | | | | |
Contrarian Value Fund | | | | | 52,630 | | | | | | 17,393 | | | |
|
| | | | 27,120 | | | | | | 2,174 | | | |
|
| | | | 25,510 | | | | | | 15,219 | | | | | |
Enhanced Core Equity Fund | | | | | 109,874 | | | | | | 50,471 | | | |
|
| | | | 20,549 | | | | | | 6,795 | | | |
|
| | | | 89,325 | | | | | | 43,676 | | | | | |
Global Quality Dividend Fund | | | | | 25,448 | | | | | | 22,013 | | | |
|
| | | | 8,598 | | | | | | 2,473 | | | |
|
| | | | 16,850 | | | | | | 19,540 | | | | | |
Mid-Cap Core Fund | | | | | 50,565 | | | | | | 142,415 | | | |
|
| | | | 7,030 | | | | | | 16,724 | | | |
|
| | | | 43,535 | | | | | | 125,691 | | | | | |
Mid-Cap Growth Fund | | | | | 47,253 | | | | | | 47,413 | | | |
|
| | | | 8,555 | | | | | | 7,638 | | | |
|
| | | | 38,698 | | | | | | 39,775 | | | | | |
Small-Cap Core Fund | | | | | 44,896 | | | | | | 378,360 | | | |
|
| | | | 8,153 | | | | | | 47,927 | | | |
|
| | | | 36,743 | | | | | | 330,433 | | | | | |
Small-Cap Growth Fund | | | | | 78,209 | | | | | | 848,288 | | | |
|
| | | | 13,504 | | | | | | 105,782 | | | |
|
| | | | 64,705 | | | | | | 742,506 | | | | | |
Small-Cap Value Fund | | | | | 24,121 | | | | | | 154,304 | | | |
|
| | | | 3,145 | | | | | | 19,694 | | | |
|
| | | | 20,976 | | | | | | 134,610 | | | | | |
Strategic Allocation Fund | | | | | 147,194 | | | | | | 105,926 | | | |
|
| | | | (116,154 ) | | | | | | 18,631 | | | |
|
| | | | 263,348 | | | | | | 87,295 | | | | | |
Tactical Allocation Fund | | | | | 41,057 | | | | | | 18,422 | | | |
|
| | | | 8,584 | | | | | | 2,926 | | | |
|
| | | | 32,473 | | | | | | 15,496 | | | | | |
Fund
|
| |
Class A Shares
Deferred Sales Charges ($) |
| |||
Capital Growth Fund | | | | | [2,400] | | |
Contrarian Value Fund | | | | | [—] | | |
Enhanced Core Equity Fund | | | | | [—] | | |
Global Quality Dividend Fund | | | | | [878] | | |
Mid-Cap Core Fund | | | | | [3,000] | | |
Mid-Cap Growth Fund | | | | | [1,120] | | |
Small-Cap Core Fund | | | | | [375] | | |
Small-Cap Growth Fund | | | | | [200] | | |
Small-Cap Value Fund | | | | | [1,375] | | |
Strategic Allocation Fund | | | | | [—] | | |
Fund
|
| |
Class A Shares
Deferred Sales Charges ($) |
| |||
Tactical Allocation Fund | | | | | [607] | | |
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
|
| |
Sales Charge
as Percentage of Offering Price (%) |
| |
Sales Charge
as Percentage of Net Amount Invested (%) |
| |
Dealer Discount
or Agency Fee as Percentage of Offering Price (%) |
| |||||||||
Less than $50,000 | | | | | 5.75 | | | | | | 6.10 | | | | | | 5.00 | | |
$50,000 but under $100,000 | | | | | 4.75 | | | | | | 4.99 | | | | | | 4.25 | | |
$100,000 but under $250,000 | | | | | 3.75 | | | | | | 3.90 | | | | | | 3.25 | | |
$250,000 but under $500,000 | | | | | 2.75 | | | | | | 2.83 | | | | | | 2.25 | | |
$500,000 but under $1,000,000 | | | | | 2.00 | | | | | | 2.04 | | | | | | 1.75 | | |
$1,000,000 or more | | | | | None | | | | | | None | | | | | | None | | |
Amount of Transaction at Offering Price
|
| |
Sales Charge
as Percentage of Offering Price (%) |
| |
Sales Charge
as Percentage of Net Amount Invested (%) |
| |
Dealer Discount
or Agency Fee as Percentage of Offering Price (%) |
| |||||||||
Under $250,000 | | | | | 2.50 | | | | | | 2.56 | | | | | | 2.50 | | |
$250,000 but under $500,000 | | | | | 2.00 | | | | | | 2.04 | | | | | | 2.00 | | |
$500,000 but under $1,000,000 | | | | | 1.50 | | | | | | 1.52 | | | | | | 1.50 | | |
$1,000,000 or more | | | | | 1.00 | | | | | | 1.01 | | | | | | 1.00 | | |
Fund
|
| |
Rule 12b-1 Fees Paid ($)
|
| |
Rule 12b-1 Fees Waived ($)
|
| ||||||||||||||||||
| | |
3/31/2017
|
| |
9/30/2017
|
| |
3/31/2017
|
| |
9/30/2017
|
| ||||||||||||
Capital Growth Fund | | | | | 1,159,896 | | | | | $ | [______] | | | | | | N/A | | | | | $ | [______] | | |
Contrarian Value Fund | | | | | 591,148 | | | | | $ | [______] | | | | | | N/A | | | | | $ | [______] | | |
Enhanced Core Equity Fund | | | | | 637,660 | | | | | $ | [______] | | | | | | N/A | | | | | $ | [______] | | |
Global Quality Dividend Fund | | | | | 199,777 | | | | | $ | [______] | | | | | | N/A | | | | | $ | [______] | | |
Mid-Cap Core Fund | | | | | 155,125 | | | | | $ | [______] | | | | | | N/A | | | | | $ | [______] | | |
Mid-Cap Growth Fund | | | | | 247,395 | | | | | $ | [______] | | | | | | N/A | | | | | $ | [______] | | |
Small-Cap Core Fund | | | | | 520,170 | | | | | $ | [______] | | | | | | N/A | | | | | $ | [______] | | |
Small-Cap Growth Fund | | | | | 726,303 | | | | | $ | [______] | | | | | | N/A | | | | | $ | [______] | | |
Small-Cap Value Fund | | | | | 461,047 | | | | | $ | [______] | | | | | | N/A | | | | | $ | [______] | | |
Strategic Allocation Fund | | | | | 1,482,300 | | | | | $ | [______] | | | | | | N/A | | | | | $ | [______] | | |
Tactical Allocation Fund | | | | | 405,645 | | | | | $ | [______] | | | | | | N/A | | | | | $ | [______] | | |
Fund
|
| |
Portfolio Manager
|
|
Capital Growth Fund | | | Doug Foreman | |
Contrarian Value Fund | | |
Bruce Bottomley
Mark Helderman
Daniel Leary
|
|
Enhanced Core Equity Fund | | |
Michael Davis
Brendan R. Finneran
Robert F. Hofeman, Jr.
Warun Kumar
|
|
Global Quality Dividend Fund | | | Richard Sherry | |
Mid-Cap Core Fund | | |
Jon Christensen
Craig Stone
|
|
Mid-Cap Growth Fund | | | Doug Foreman | |
Small-Cap Core Fund | | |
Todd Beiley
Jon Christensen
|
|
Small-Cap Growth Fund | | |
Todd Beiley
Jon Christensen
|
|
Small-Cap Value Fund | | |
Julie Kutasov
Craig Stone
|
|
Fund
|
| |
Portfolio Manager
|
|
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund | | |
Jon Christensen
Julie Kutasov
Craig Stone
|
|
Strategic Allocation Fund (domestic equity portion only) | | | Doug Foreman | |
Strategic Allocation Fund (international equity portion only) | | | Frederick A. Brimberg | |
Strategic Allocation Fund (fixed income portion only) | | |
David L. Albrycht
Stephen H. Hooker
|
|
Tactical Allocation Fund (domestic equity portion only) | | | Doug Foreman | |
Tactical Allocation Fund (international equity portion only)
|
| | Frederick A. Brimberg | |
Tactical Allocation Fund (fixed income portion only) | | | David L. Albrycht | |
| | |
Registered Investment Companies
|
| |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
(PIVs) |
| |
Other Accounts
|
| |||||||||
Portfolio Manager
|
| |
Number of
Accounts |
| |
Total Assets
|
| |
Number of
Accounts |
| |
Total Assets
|
| |
Number of
Accounts |
| |
Total Assets
|
|
[David L. Albrycht | | |
20
|
| |
$10.5 billion
|
| |
1
|
| |
$53.1 million
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
|
Todd Beiley (1) | | |
4
|
| |
$1.28 billion
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
538
|
| |
$2.83 billion
|
|
Bruce Bottomley (2) | | |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
24
|
| |
$4.0 billion
|
|
Frederick A. Brimberg | | |
5
|
| |
$291 million
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
495
|
| |
$112 million
|
|
Jon Christensen (1) | | |
4
|
| |
$1.36 billion
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
516
|
| |
$2.82 billion
|
|
Michael Davis | | |
9
|
| |
$1.43 billion
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
|
Brenden R. Finneran | | |
9
|
| |
$1.43 billion
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
139
|
| |
$498 million
|
|
Doug Foreman (1) | | |
6
|
| |
$1.04 billion
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
118
|
| |
$206 million
|
|
Mark Helderman (2) | | |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
24
|
| |
$4.0 billion
|
|
Robert F. Hofeman, Jr. | | |
9
|
| |
$1.43 billion
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
139
|
| |
$498 million
|
|
Stephen H. Hooker | | |
5
|
| |
$1.06 billion
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
4
|
| |
$179 million
|
|
Warun Kumar | | |
9
|
| |
$1.43 billion
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
|
Julie Kutasov (1) | | |
4
|
| |
$735 million
|
| |
1
|
| |
$66.0 million
|
| |
419
|
| |
$2.99 billion
|
|
Daniel Leary (2) | | |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
24
|
| |
$4.0 billion
|
|
Richard Sherry (1) | | |
2
|
| |
$334 million
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
473
|
| |
$769 million
|
|
Craig Stone (1) | | |
6
|
| |
$933 million
|
| |
1
|
| |
$66.0 million
|
| |
475
|
| |
$3.12 billion
|
|
| | |
Registered Investment Companies
|
| |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
(PIVs) |
| |
Other Accounts
|
| |||||||||
Portfolio Manager
|
| |
Number of
Accounts |
| |
Total Assets
|
| |
Number of
Accounts |
| |
Total Assets
|
| |
Number of
Accounts |
| |
Total Assets
|
|
[David L. Albrycht | | |
2
|
| |
$180 million
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
|
Bruce Bottomley | | |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
1
|
| |
$750 million
|
|
Mark Helderman | | |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
1
|
| |
$750 million
|
|
Stephen H. Hooker | | |
1
|
| |
$54.7 million
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
|
Daniel Leary | | |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
None
|
| |
N/A
|
| |
1
|
| |
$750 million
|
|
Fund
|
| |
Benchmark(s) and/or Peer Group
|
|
Capital Growth Fund | | | Russell 1000 ® Growth Index Tactical | |
Enhanced Core Equity Fund | | | Lipper Large Cap Core Funds | |
Global Quality Dividend Fund | | | Russell Developed Large Cap Index | |
Mid-Cap Core Fund | | | Russell Mid-Cap Index | |
Small-Cap Core Fund | | | Russell 2000 ® Index | |
Small-Cap Growth Fund | | | Russell 2000 ® Growth Index | |
Small-Cap Value Fund | | | Russell 2000 ® Value Index | |
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund | | | [TBD] | |
Strategic Allocation Fund (domestic equity portion) | | | Lipper Large Cap Core Funds | |
Strategic Allocation Fund (international equity portion) | | | Lipper Large Cap Core Funds | |
Fund
|
| |
Benchmark(s) and/or Peer Group
|
|
Strategic Allocation Fund (fixed income portion) | | | Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index | |
Tactical Allocation Fund (fixed income portion) | | | Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index | |
Tactical Allocation Fund (equity portions) | | | Lipper Large Cap Core Funds | |
Portfolio Manager
|
| |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities Beneficially Owned in Fund
Managed |
|
[David L. Albrycht | | |
Strategic Allocation Fund – None
Tactical Allocation Fund – None
|
|
Todd Beiley | | |
Small-Cap Core Fund – $1-$10,000
Small-Cap Growth Fund – $1-$10,000
|
|
Bruce Bottomley | | | Contrarian Value Fund – $100,001-$500,000 | |
Frederick A. Brimberg | | |
Strategic Allocation Fund – None
Tactical Allocation Fund – None
|
|
Jon Christensen | | |
Mid-Cap Core Fund – $100,001-$500,000
Small-Cap Core Fund – $50,001-$100,000
Small-Cap Growth Fund – $100,001-$500,000
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund – None
*
|
|
Michael Davis | | | Enhanced Core Equity Fund – None | |
Brendan R. Finneran | | | Enhanced Core Equity Fund – $50,001-$100,000 | |
Doug Foreman | | |
Capital Growth Fund – $1-$10,000
Mid-Cap Growth Fund – $1-$10,000
Strategic Growth Fund – None
Tactical Allocation Fund – None
|
|
Mark Helderman | | | Contrarian Value Fund – $100,001-$500,000 | |
Robert F. Hofeman, Jr. | | | Enhanced Core Equity Fund – $50,001-$100,000 | |
Stephen H. Hooker | | | Strategic Allocation Fund – None | |
Warun Kumar | | | Enhanced Core Equity Fund – None | |
Julie Kutasov | | |
Small-Cap Value Fund – $1-$10,000
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund – None
*
|
|
Daniel Leary | | | Contrarian Value Fund – $500,001-$1,000,000 | |
Richard Sherry | | | Global Quality Dividend Fund – $50,001-$100,000 | |
Portfolio Manager
|
| |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities Beneficially Owned in Fund
Managed |
|
Craig Stone | | |
Mid-Cap Core Fund – $50,001-$100,000
Small-Cap Value Fund – $50,001-$100,000
Small-Mid Cap Core Fund – None
*
]
|
|
| | |
Aggregate Amount of Brokerage Commissions ($)
|
| ||||||||||||
Fund
|
| |
3/31/2016
|
| |
3/31/2017
|
| |
9/30/2017
|
| ||||||
Capital Growth Fund | | | | | 124,902 | | | | | | 142,345 | | | | | |
Contrarian Value Fund | | | | | 208,200 | | | | | | 151,128 | | | | | |
Enhanced Core Equity Fund | | | | | 144,880 | | | | | | 244,903 | | | | | |
Global Quality Dividend Fund | | | | | 36,170 | | | | | | 49,188 | | | | | |
Mid-Cap Core Fund | | | | | 14,335 | | | | | | 33,720 | | | | | |
Mid-Cap Growth Fund | | | | | 34,672 | | | | | | 24,449 | | | | | |
Small-Cap Core Fund | | | | | 173,473 | | | | | | 140,129 | | | | | |
Small-Cap Growth Fund | | | | | 140,449 | | | | | | 442,719 | | | | | |
Small-Cap Value Fund | | | | | 107,461 | | | | | | 122,405 | | | | | |
Strategic Allocation Fund | | | | | 257,531 | | | | | | 240,168 | | | | | |
Tactical Allocation Fund | | | | | 111,744 | | | | | | 74,216 | | | | | |
|
Fund
|
| |
Broker/Dealer
|
| |
Value ($)
|
| |||
| [Strategic Allocation Fund | | | Bank of America Securities LLC | | | | | 4,418 | | |
| | | | Barclays Bank PLC | | | | | 2,110 | | |
|
Fund
|
| |
Broker/Dealer
|
| |
Value ($)
|
| |||
| | | | Citicorp Securities Services Inc. | | | | | 1,736 | | |
| | | | Credit Suisse Group | | | | | 817 | | |
| | | | Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. | | | | | 566 | | |
| | | | Goldman Sachs & Co. | | | | | 5,638 | | |
| | | | JPMorgan Chase & Co. | | | | | 9,123 | | |
| | | | Morgan Stanley & Co. | | | | | 5,272 | | |
| | | | UBS AG | | | | | 5,171 | | |
| | | | Wells Fargo & Co. | | | | | 7,434 | | |
| Tactical Allocation Fund | | | Bank of America Securities LLC | | | | | 1,219 | | |
| | | | Barclays Bank PLC | | | | | 161 | | |
| | | | Citicorp Securities Services Inc. | | | | | 580 | | |
| | | | Credit Suisse Group | | | | | 273 | | |
| | | | Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. | | | | | 163 | | |
| | | | Goldman Sachs & Co. | | | | | 1,540 | | |
| | | | JPMorgan Chase & Co. | | | | | 2,613 | | |
| | | | Morgan Stanley & Co. | | | | | 710 | | |
| | | | UBS AG | | | | | 1,298 | | |
| | | | Wells Fargo & Co. | | | | | 1,893] | | |
APPENDIX B — CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
The following table sets forth information as of [ ], 2018, with respect to each person who owns of record or is known by the Trust to own of record or beneficially own 5% or more of any class of any Fund’s outstanding securities and the name of each person who has beneficial ownership, either directly or through one or more controlled companies, of more than 25% of the voting securities of a Fund, as noted below.
*These entities are omnibus accounts for many individual shareholder accounts. The Funds are not aware of the size or identity of the underlying individual accounts.
[To be filed by amendment]
B- 1 |
VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST
PART C — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 28. | Exhibits |
(a) | Agreement and Declaration of Trust. |
1. | Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Registrant, dated August 17, 2000, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit a) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 69 (File No. 002-16590) on October 30, 2000, and incorporated herein by reference. |
2. | Amendment to the Declaration of Trust of the Registrant, dated November 16, 2006, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit a.2) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 85 (File No. 002-16590) on October 25, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference. |
3. | Second Amendment to the Declaration of Trust of the Registrant, dated August 20, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit a.3) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 106 (File No. 002-16590) on July 20, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference. |
4. | Third Amendment to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Registrant, dated November 17, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit a.4) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 110 (File No. 002-16590) on April 10, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. |
5. | Fourth Amendment to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Registrant, dated June 2, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit a.5) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 (File No. 002-16590) on July 26, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. |
(b) | Bylaws. |
1. | Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant dated November 16, 2005, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit b.1) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 84 (File No. 002-16590) on October 27, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference. |
2. | Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant, dated August 23, 2006, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit b.2) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 84 (File No. 002-16590) on October 27, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference. |
3. | Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant, dated November 17, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit b.3) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 (File No. 002-16590) on July 27, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference. |
(c) | See Articles III, V and VI of Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust and Articles II, VII and VIII of Registrant’s By-Laws, each as amended. |
(d) | Investment Advisory Contracts. |
1. | Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and Virtus Investment Advisors, Inc. (“VIA”) effective November 20, 2002, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.i) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 (File No. 002-16590) on October 28, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA, made as of October 21, 2004, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.ii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 79 (File No. 002-16590) on October 21, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA dated July 29, 2005, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.iii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 83 (File No. 002-16590) on October 25, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference. |
c) | Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA dated July 13, 2007, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.iv) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 85 (File No. 002-16590) on October 25, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference. |
d) | Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA dated March 10, 2008, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.v) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 (File No. 002-16590) on June 6, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference. |
e) | Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA dated June 22, 2009, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.vi) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 (File No. 002-16590) on June 22, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference. |
f) | Sixth Amendment to Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA effective January 1, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.vii) with the Registration Statement (File No. 333-165702) on Form N-14 on March 25, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference. |
g) | Seventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA effective June 25, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.viii) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 (File No. 002-16590) on July 28, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference. |
h) | *Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA effective May 8, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.1.h) herewith. |
i) | Ninth Amendment to Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and VIA effective March [ ], 2017, to be filed by amendment. |
2. | Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Kayne Anderson Rudnick Investment Management, LLC (“Kayne Anderson Rudnick”) dated March 10, 2008, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.4.a) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 (File No. 002-16590) on June 6, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | First Amendment to Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Kayne Anderson Rudnick dated June 22, 2009, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.4.b) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 (File No. 002-16590) on June 22, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Second Amendment to Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Kayne Anderson Rudnick dated September 1, 2009, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.4.c) with the Registration Statement (File No. 333-163916) on Form N-14 on December 22, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference. |
c) | Third Amendment to Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Kayne Anderson Rudnick dated January 1, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.4.d) with the Registration Statement (File No. 333-165702) on Form N-14 on March 25, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference. |
d) | Fourth Amendment to Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Kayne Anderson Rudnick dated September 30, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.4.e) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 (File No. 002-16590) on July 27, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference. |
3. | Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Kayne Anderson Rudnick dated February 22, 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.4.f) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 (File No. 002-16590) on July 27, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference. |
4. | Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Kayne Anderson Rudnick dated November 2, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.4) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 110 (File No. 002-16590) on April 10, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference . |
5. | Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Kayne Anderson Rudnick dated March [ ], 2017, to be filed by amendment. |
6. | Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Newfleet Asset Management, LLC (formerly SCM Advisors, LLC) (“Newfleet”) dated June 8, 2009, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.5.a) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 (File No. 002-16590) on June 22, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | First Amendment to Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Newfleet dated January 1, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.5.b) with the Registration Statement (File No. 333-165702) on Form N-14 on March 25, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference. |
7. | Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Sasco Capital, Inc. (“Sasco”) dated October 21, 2004, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.2.a) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 79 (File No. 002-16590) on October 21, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | First Amendment to Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Sasco, dated September 1, 2006, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.2.b) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 84 (File No. 002-16590) on October 27, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Second Amendment to Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Sasco dated January 1, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.2.c) with the Registration Statement (File No. 333-165702) on Form N-14 on March 25, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference. |
8. | Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Rampart Investment Management Company, LLC (“Rampart”) dated December 8, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.7) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 (File No. 002-16590) on July 28, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
9. | Subadvisory Agreement between VIA and Duff & Phelps Investment Management Co. (“Duff & Phelps”) dated November 2, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit d.8) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 110 (File No. 002-16590) on April 10, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. |
(e) | Underwriting Agreement |
1. | Underwriting Agreement between Registrant and VP Distributors, LLC (“VP Distributors”), made as of November 19, 1997, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit 6.1) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 (File No. 002-16590) on October 6, 1998, and incorporated herein by reference. |
2. | Form of Sales Agreement between VP Distributors and dealers, effective January 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit e.2) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to the Registration Statement of Virtus Retirement Trust (“VRT”; formerly known as Virtus Institutional Trust) (File No. 033-80057) on January 8, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | *Amended Annex A to Form of Sales Agreement between VP Distributors and dealers effective September 2017 filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit e.2.a) herewith . |
(f) | Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Program, effective February 9, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit f) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement of Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (“VAST”) on April 10, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. |
(g) | Custodian Agreement |
1. | Custody Agreement between VAST and The Bank of New York Mellon dated March 21, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.1) with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement of VAST on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | Amendment to Custody Agreement between VAST and The Bank of New York Mellon dated as of August 19, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.1.a) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement of VAST on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Amendment to Custody Agreement between VAST and The Bank of New York Mellon effective May 19, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.1.b) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement of VAST on May 29, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
c) | Amendment to Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated as of September 1, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.1.c) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 24 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement of VAST on February 26, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference. |
d) | *Joinder Agreement and Amendment to Custody Agreement between VAST, Virtus Equity Trust (“VET”) and Virtus Opportunities Trust (“VOT”) (collectively, “Virtus Mutual Funds”), Virtus Asset Trust (“VAT”), VRT, Virtus Variable Insurance Trust (“VVIT”) and The Bank of New York Mellon dated September 11, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit g.1.d) herewith. |
(h) | Other Material Contracts |
1. | Amended and Restated Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services, LLC (“Virtus Fund Services”)) dated January 1, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.6) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to the Registration Statement of Virtus Insight Trust (“VIT”) (File No. 033-64915) on February 25, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | Amendment to Amended and Restated Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) effective as of April 14, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.8) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 51 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Transfer Agent and Service Agreement between the Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) effective as of March 15, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.16), with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference. |
c) | Corrected Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Transfer Agent and Service Agreement between the Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and Virtus Fund Services, LLC, effective as of January 1, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.1.c) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (File No. 002-16590) on July 28, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
d) | Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of January 1, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.1.d) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (File No. 002-16590) on July 28, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
e) | Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of January 8, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.1.e) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to the Registration Statement of VRT (File No. 033-80057) on January 8, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference. |
f) | Sixth Amendment to Amended and Restated Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, VAT and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of June 12, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.1.f) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 to the Registration Statement of VAT (File No. 333-08045) on June 22, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. |
2. | Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (“BNY Mellon”), dated April 15, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.6) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 27, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | Adoption and Amendment Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAST, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of March 21, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.b) with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 4 to VAST’s Registration Statement (File No. 333-191940) on April 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAST, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of March 21, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.a) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to VAST’s Registration Statement (File No. 333-191940) on September 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
c) | Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among VAST, Virtus Mutual Funds, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon dated as of June 1, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.c) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 to the Registration Statement of VOT (033-65137) on January 20, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. |
d) | Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAST, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of November 12, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.c) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 80 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on January 22, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
e) | Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAST, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of May 28, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.d) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 18 to VAST’s Registration Statement (File No. 333-191940) on June 5, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
f) | Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAST, VRT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of December 10, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.e) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to the Registration Statement of VRT (File No. 033-80057) on January 8, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference. |
g) | Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAST, VRT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of February 1, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.g) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 (File No. 002-16590) on July 26, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. |
h) | *Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAST, VRT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of February 1, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.h) herewith. |
i) | *Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAT, VAST, VRT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of September 18, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.i) herewith. |
j) | *Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAT, VAST, VRT, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated as of January 1, 2018, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.2.j) herewith. |
3. | Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services), effective as of January 1, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on February 25, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | First Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) effective as of April 14, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.8) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services), effective as of June 30, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.9) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference. |
c) | Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services), effective as of September 14, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.10), with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference. |
d) | Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) effective as of January 1, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.11), with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference. |
e) | Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) effective as of March 15, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.12), with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference. |
f) | Sixth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services), effective as of August 28, 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.f) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 29, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. |
g) | Seventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds and VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services), effective as of December 18, 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.g) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 29, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. |
h) | Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of June 10, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.h), with Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on June 10, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. |
i) | Ninth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of December 18, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.i), with Post-Effective Amendment No. 70 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on January 27, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
j) | Tenth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of November 13, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.j) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on November 12, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
k) | Eleventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of January 1, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.k) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 80 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on January 27, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
l) | Twelfth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of March 19, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.l) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 82 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on March 13, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. |
m) | Thirteenth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of January 8, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.m) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to the Registration Statement of VRT (File No. 033-80057) on January 8, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference. |
n) | Fourteenth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of December 1, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.n) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 to the Registration Statement of VOT (033-65137) on January 20, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. |
o) | Fifteenth Amendment to Amended and Restated Administration Agreement between Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, VAT and Virtus Fund Services, effective as of June 12, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.3.o) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 to the Registration Statement of VAT (File No. 333-08045) on June 22, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. |
4. | Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, effective as of January 1, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.5) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on February 25, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | First Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, effective as of June 30, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.13) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Second Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, effective as of September 14, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.14) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference. |
c) | Third Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, effective as of March 15, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.15) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 28, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference. |
d) | Fourth Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, effective as of August 28, 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.d) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 29, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. |
e) | Fifth Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VP Distributors (since assigned to Virtus Fund Services) and BNY Mellon, effective as of December 18, 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.e) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to VIT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-64915) on April 29, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. |
f) | Sixth Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, effective as of June 10, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.f) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on June 10, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. |
g) | Seventh Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, effective as of December 18, 2013, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.g) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 70 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on January 27, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
h) | Joinder Agreement and Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VAST, VVIT, VATS Offshore Fund, Ltd. (“VATS”), Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated February 24, 2014, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.h) with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3 to VAST’s Registration Statement (File No. 333-191940) on March 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
i) | Joinder Agreement to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VRT, VVIT, VAST, VATS, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon, dated December 10, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.i) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to the Registration Statement of VRT (File No. 033-80057) on January 8, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference. |
j) | Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VVIT, VRT, VAST, VATS, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon dated July 27, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.j) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 (File No. 333-191940) to the Registration Statement of VAST on April 10, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. |
k) | Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VVIT, VRT, VAST, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon dated April, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.k) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 (File No. 002-16590) on July 26, 2017 , and incorporated herein by reference. |
l) | *Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement among Virtus Mutual Funds, VVIT, VRT, VAST, Virtus Fund Services and BNY Mellon dated September 21, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.4.l) herewith. |
5. | *Revised Fifteenth Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement between Registrant and VIA effective July 31, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.5) herewith. |
6. | Sixteenth Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement between Registrant and VIA effective March [ ], 2017, to be filed by amendment. |
7. | Amended and Restated Fee Waiver Agreement between Registrant and VP Distributors effective as of June 30, 2011, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.6) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 (File No. 002-16590) on July 27, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference. |
8. | Fee Waiver Agreement between Registrant and VIA effective as of October 26, 2012, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.8) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 97 (File No. 002-16590) on July 26, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. |
9. | Form of Indemnification Agreement with each trustee of Registrant, effective as of October 24, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.9) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 (File No. 033-65137) to the Registration Statement of VOT on January 20, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | Form of Joinder Agreement and Amendment to the Indemnification Agreement with George R. Aylward, Philip R. McLoughlin, Geraldine M. McNamara, James M. Oates, Richard E. Segerson and Ferdinand L.J. Verdonck, effective as of January 18, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.7.a) to the Registration Statement of VAT on June 22, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Form of Joinder Agreement and Amendment to the Indemnification Agreement with Thomas J. Brown, Donald C. Burke, Roger A. Gelfenbien, John R. Mallin, and Hassell H. McClellan, effective as of February 27, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.7.b) to the Registration Statement of VAT on June 22, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. |
10. | Form of Indemnification Agreement with Sidney E. Harris and Connie D. McDaniel, effective as of July 17, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit h.9) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 (File No. 002-16590) on July 26, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. |
(i) | Legal Opinion |
1. | Opinion as to legality of the shares filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit i.1) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 (File No. 002-16590) on November 12, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. |
2. | Opinion of Counsel as to legality of shares dated October 24, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit i.2) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 108 (File No. 002-16590) on November 1, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference. |
3. | Opinion of Counsel as to legality of the shares dated April 5, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit i.3) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 110 (File No. 002-16590) on April 10, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. |
4. | Opinion of Counsel as to legality of the shares dated March [___], 2017, to be filed by amendment. |
5. | Consent of Sullivan & Worcester LLP to be filed by amendment. |
(j) | Other Opinions |
1. | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, to be filed by amendment. |
(k) | Not applicable. |
(l) | Not applicable. |
(m) | Rule 12b-1 Plans |
1. | Class A Shares Amended and Restated Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), effective March 1, 2007, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.1) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 85 (File No. 002-16590) on October 25, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | Amendment No. 1 to Class A Shares Amended and Restated Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act effective March 10, 2008, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.4) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 88 (File No. 002-16590) on March 10, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Amendment No. 2 to Class A Shares Amended and Restated Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act dated June 22, 2009, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.7) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 (File No. 002-16590) on June 22, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference. |
2. | Class B Shares Amended and Restated Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act effective March 1, 2007, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.3) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 88 (File No. 002-16590) on March 10, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | Amendment No. 1 to Class B Shares Amended and Restated Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act effective March 10, 2008, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.5) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 88 (File No. 002-16590) on March 10, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference. |
3. | Class C Shares Amended and Restated Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act effective March 1, 2007, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.2) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 85 (File No. 002-16590) on October 25, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference. |
a) | Amendment No. 1 to Class C Shares Amended and Restated Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act effective March 10, 2008, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.6) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 88 (File No. 002-16590) on March 10, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference. |
b) | Amendment No. 2 to Class C Shares Amended and Restated Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act effective June 22, 2009, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.8) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 (File No. 002-16590) on June 22, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference. |
4. | Class T Shares Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit m.4) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 110 (File No. 002-16590) on April 10, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. |
(n) | Rule 18f-3 Plan |
1. | *Amended and Restated Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 effective as of August 10, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit n) herewith. |
2. | Amended and Restated Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 effective March [ ], 2017, to be filed by amendment. |
(o) | Reserved |
(p) | Codes of Ethics |
1. | *Amended and Restated Code of Ethics of the Virtus Funds effective October 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.1) herewith. |
2. | *Amended and Restated Code of Ethics of VIA, VP Distributors and other Virtus Affiliates (including Duff & Phelps, Kayne Anderson Rudnick, Newfleet and Rampart) dated October 1, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.2) herewith. |
3. | Code of Ethics of Sasco filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit p.3) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 (File No. 002-16590) on July 27, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference. |
(q) | Powers of Attorney |
1. | Power of Attorney for Trustees George R. Aylward, Leroy Keith, Jr., Philip R. McLoughlin, Geraldine M. McNamara, James M. Oates, Richard E. Segerson and Ferdinand L.J. Verdonck, dated June 2, 2010, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit q) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 (File No. 002-16590) on July 28, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference. |
2. | Power of Attorney for Trustee Hassell H. McClellan, dated January 21, 2015, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit r) with VOT’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 82 (File 033-65137) on March 13, 2015, and incorporated by reference. |
3. | Power of Attorney for Trustees Thomas J. Brown, Donald C. Burke, Roger A. Gelfenbien and John R. Mallin, dated June 30, 2016, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit q.3) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 87 to VOT’s Registration Statement (File No. 033-65137) on July 8, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference. |
4. | Power of Attorney for Trustees Sidney E. Harris and Connie D. McDaniel dated June 26, 2017, filed via EDGAR (as Exhibit q.4) with Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 (File No. 002-16590) on July 26, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. |
________________________
* Filed herewith
Item 29. | Persons Controlled By or Under Common Control with the Fund |
None.
Item 30. | Indemnification |
The indemnification of Registrant’s principal underwriter against certain losses is provided for in Section 16 of the Underwriting Agreement incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit e.1. Indemnification of Registrant’s Custodian is provided for in section 7, among others, of the Master Global Custody Agreement incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit g.1. The indemnification of Registrant’s Transfer Agent is provided for in Article 6 of the Amended and Restated Transfer Agency and Service Agreement incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit h.1. The Trust has entered into Indemnification Agreements with each trustee, the form of which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit h.8, whereby the Registrant shall indemnify the trustee for expenses incurred in any proceeding in connection with the trustee’s service to the Registrant subject to certain limited exceptions.
In addition, Article VII sections 2 and 3 of the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust incorporated herein by reference to Exhibits a.1-4, provides in relevant part as follows:
“A Trustee, when acting in such capacity, shall not be personally liable to any Person, other than the Trust or a Shareholder to the extent provided in this Article VII, for any act, omission or obligation of the Trust, of such Trustee or of any other Trustee. The Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any neglect or wrongdoing of any officer, agent, employee, Manager or Principal Underwriter of the Trust. The Trust (i) may indemnify an agent of the Trust or any Person who is serving or has served at the Trust’s request as an agent of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise and (ii) shall indemnify each Person who is, or has been, a Trustee, officer or employee of the Trust and any Person who is serving or has served at the Trust’s request as a director, officer, trustee, or employee of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise, in the case of (i) and (ii), to the fullest extent consistent with the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and in the manner provided in the By-Laws; provided that such indemnification shall not be available to any of the foregoing Persons in connection with a claim, suit or other proceeding by any such Person against the Trust or a Series (or Class) thereof.
All persons extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim against the Trust or the Trustees shall look only to the assets of the appropriate Series (or Class thereof if the Trustees have included a Class limitation on liability in the agreement with such person as provided below), or, if the Trustees have yet to establish Series, of the Trust for payment under such credit, contract or claim; and neither the Trustees nor the Shareholders, nor any of the Trust’s officers, employees or agents, whether past, present or future, shall be personally liable therefor.
Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and every other act or thing whatsoever executed or done by or on behalf of the Trust or the Trustees by any of them in connection with the Trust shall conclusively be deemed to have been executed or done only in or with respect to his or their capacity as Trustee or Trustees, and such Trustee or Trustees shall not be personally liable thereon. …
… A Trustee shall be liable to the Trust and to any Shareholder solely for her or his own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. The Trustees may take advice of counsel or other experts with respect to the meaning and operation of this Declaration of Trust, and shall be under no liability for any act or omission in accordance with such advice nor for failing to follow such advice.”
In addition, Article III section 7 of such Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides for the indemnification of shareholders of the Registrant as follows: “If any Shareholder or former Shareholder shall be exposed to liability by reason of a claim or demand relating to such Person being or having been a Shareholder, and not because of such Person's acts or omissions, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or such Person's heirs, executors, administrators, or other legal representatives or in the case of a corporation or other entity, its corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled to be held harmless from and indemnified out of the assets of the Trust against all cost and expense reasonably incurred in connection with such claim or demand, but only out of the assets held with respect to the particular Series of Shares of which such Person is or was a Shareholder and from or in relation to which such liability arose. The Trust may, at its option and shall, upon request by the Shareholder, assume the defense of any claim made against the Shareholder for any act or obligation of the Trust and satisfy any judgment thereon from the assets held with respect to the particular series.”
Article VI Section 2 of the Registrant’s Bylaws incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit B.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 27, 2006, provides in relevant part, subject to certain exceptions and limitations, “every agent shall be indemnified by the Trust to the fullest extent permitted by law against all liabilities and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him or her in connection with any proceeding in which he or she becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his or her being or having been an agent.” Such indemnification would not apply in the case of any liability to which the Registrant would otherwise be subject by reason of or for willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of such person’s duties.
The Investment Advisory Agreement, Subadvisory Agreements, Master Global Custody Agreement, Sub-Administration Agreement and Sub-Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, each as amended, respectively provide that the Registrant will indemnify the other party (or parties, as the case may be) to the agreement for certain losses. Similar indemnities to those listed above may appear in other agreements to which the Registrant is a party.
The Registrant, in conjunction with VIA, the Registrant’s Trustees, and other registered investment management companies managed by VIA, maintains insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a Trustee, officer, employee, or agent of the Registrant, or who is or was serving at the request of the Registrant as a trustee, director, officer, employee or agent of another trust or corporation, against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by him or arising out of his position. However, in no event will Registrant maintain insurance to indemnify any such person for any act for which the Registrant itself is not permitted to indemnify him.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31. | Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser and Subadvisers |
See “Management of the Funds” in the Prospectus and “Investment Advisory and Other Services” and “Management of the Trust” in the Statement of Additional Information which is included in this Post-Effective Amendment. For information as to the business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature of directors and officers of the Adviser and Subadvisers, reference is made to the Adviser’s and each Subadviser’s current Form ADV filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and incorporated herein by reference.
Adviser | SEC File No.: |
VIA | 801-5995 |
Duff & Phelps | 801-14813 |
Kayne Anderson Rudnick | 801-24241 |
Newfleet | 801-51559 |
Rampart | 028-16791 |
Sasco | 801-25958 |
Item 32. | Principal Underwriter |
(a) | VP Distributors, LLC serves as the principal underwriter for the following registrants: Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, Virtus Asset Trust, Virtus Equity Trust, Virtus Opportunities Trust, Virtus Variable Insurance Trust and Virtus Retirement Trust. |
(b) | Directors and executive officers of VP Distributors, 100 Pearl Street, Hartford, CT 06103 are as follows: |
Name and Principal Business Address |
Positions and Offices with Distributor |
Positions and Offices with Registrant |
George R. Aylward | Executive Vice President |
President and Trustee
|
Kevin J. Carr | Vice President, Counsel and Secretary |
Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, Counsel and Secretary
|
Nancy J. Engberg | Senior Vice President and Assistant Secretary |
Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer
|
David Hanley | Senior Vice President and Treasurer |
None
|
David C. Martin | Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer |
None
|
Barry Mandinach | President |
None
|
Francis G. Waltman | Executive Vice President | Executive Vice President |
(c) To the best of the Registrant’s knowledge, no commissions or other compensation was received by any principal underwriter who is not an affiliated person of the Registrant or an affiliated person of such affiliated person, directly or indirectly, from the Registrant during the Registrant’s last fiscal year.
Item 33. | Location of Accounts and Records |
Persons maintaining physical possession of accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act and the Rules promulgated thereunder include:
Secretary of the Trust: | Principal Underwriter: |
Kevin J. Carr, Esq. 100 Pearl Street Hartford, CT 06103 |
VP Distributors, LLC 100 Pearl Street Hartford, CT 06103 |
Investment Adviser: | Custodian: |
Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc. 100 Pearl Street Hartford, CT 06103 |
The Bank of New York Mellon One Wall Street New York, NY 10286 |
Fund Accountant, Sub-Administrator, Sub-Transfer Agent and Dividend Dispersing Agent: |
Administrator and Transfer Agent: |
BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. 301 Bellevue Parkway Wilmington, DE 19809 |
Virtus Fund Services, LLC 100 Pearl Street Hartford, CT 06103 |
Subadviser to: Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund and Tactical Allocation Fund | Subadviser to: Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund and Tactical Allocation Fund |
Newfleet Asset Management, LLC 100 Pearl Street Hartford, CT 06103 |
Duff & Phelps Investment Management Co. 200 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 500 Chicago, IL 60606 |
Subadviser to: Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund
|
Subadviser to: Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund, Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund, Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund (, Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund, Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund, Virtus KAR Small-Mid Cap Core Fund, Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund, Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund and Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund |
Rampart Investment Management Company, LLC One International Place, 14 th Floor Boston, MA 02110 |
Kayne Anderson Rudnick Investment Management, LLC 1800 Avenue of the Stars, 2 nd Floor Los Angeles, CA 90067 |
Subadviser to: Virtus Contrarian Value Fund | |
Sasco Capital, Inc. 10 Sasco Hill Road Fairfield, CT 06824 |
Item 34. | Management Services |
Not applicable.
Item 35. | Undertakings |
Not applicable.
PART C — OTHER INFORMATION
Exhibit List
d.1.h | Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement |
e.2.a | Amended Annex A to Form of Sales Agreement |
g.1.d | Joinder Agreement and Amendment to Custody Agreement |
h.2.h | Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement |
h.2.i | Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement |
h.2.j | Amendment to Sub-Transfer Agency and Shareholder Services Agreement |
h.4.l | Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement |
h.5 | Revised Fifteenth Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement |
n.1 | Amended and Restated Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 |
p.1 | Amended and Restated Code of Ethics of the Virtus Funds |
p.2 | Amended and Restated Code of Ethics of VIA, VP Distributors and other Virtus Affiliates |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Hartford and the State of Connecticut on the 21 st day of December, 2017.
VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST | ||
By: | /s/ George R. Aylward | |
George R. Aylward | ||
President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this amendment to the registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated on the 21 st day of December, 2017.
Signature |
Title |
|
||
/s/ George R. Aylward |
|
|||
George R. Aylward |
Trustee and President (principal executive officer) | |||
/s/ W. Patrick Bradley | ||||
W. Patrick Bradley
|
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (principal financial and accounting officer) |
|||
* | ||||
Thomas J. Brown |
Trustee |
|||
* | ||||
Donald C. Burke |
Trustee |
|||
* | ||||
Roger A. Gelfenbien |
Trustee |
|||
* | ||||
Sidney E. Harris |
Trustee |
|||
* | ||||
John R. Mallin |
Trustee |
|||
* | ||||
Hassell H. McClellan |
Trustee |
|||
* | ||||
Connie D. McDaniel |
Trustee |
|||
* | ||||
Philip R. McLoughlin |
Trustee and Chairman |
|||
* | ||||
Geraldine M. McNamara |
Trustee | |||
* | ||||
James M. Oates |
Trustee | |||
* |
||||
Richard E. Segerson |
Trustee |
|||
* | ||||
Ferdinand L.J. Verdonck |
Trustee |
*By: |
/s/ George R. Aylward |
|
*George R. Aylward, Attorney-in-Fact, pursuant to a power of attorney |
Exhibit d.1.h
EIGHTH AMENDMENT
TO AMENDED AND RESTATED
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT
THIS AMENDMENT effective as of the 8 th day of May, 2017 amends that certain Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement dated as of November 20, 2002, and amended as of October 21, 2004, July 29, 2005, July 13, 2007, March 10, 2008, June 22, 2009, January 1, 2010 and June 25, 2010 (the “Agreement”), by and between Virtus Equity Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”), and Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc., a Massachusetts corporation (the “Adviser”), as follows:
1. | The names of the series party to this agreement have been changed as follows: Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund is now Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund; Virtus Quality Small-Cap Fund is now Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund; Virtus Balanced Fund is now Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund; Virtus Growth & Income Fund is now Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund; Virtus Mid-Cap Core Fund is now Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund; Virtus Quality Large-Cap Value Fund is now Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund; Virtus Strategic Growth Fund is now Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund; Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund is now Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund; Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund is now Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund; and Virtus Mid-Cap Value Fund is now Virtus Contrarian Value Fund. |
2. | Schedule A is hereby deleted and Schedule A attached hereto is substituted in its place. |
3. | Except as expressly amended hereby, all provisions of the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and are unchanged in all other respects. All initial capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Agreement, as amended. |
4. | This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts (including executed counterparts delivered and exchanged by facsimile transmission) with the same effect as if all signing parties had originally signed the same document, and all counterparts shall be construed together and shall constitute the same instrument. For all purposes, signatures delivered and exchanged by facsimile transmission shall be binding and effective to the same extent as original signatures. |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto intending to be legally bound have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized officers or other representatives.
VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST | ||
By: | /s/ W. Patrick Bradley | |
Name: | W. Patrick Bradley | |
Title: | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer | |
VIRTUS INVESTMENT ADVISERS, INC. | ||
By: | /s/ Francis G. Waltman | |
Name: | Francis G. Waltman | |
Title: | Executive Vice President |
SCHEDULE A
Series | Investment Advisory Fee | |
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund | 0.75% | |
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund | 0.70% |
1 st $1 Billion |
$1+ Billion through $2 Billion |
$2+ Billion | |||
Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund | 0.55% | 0.50% | 0.45% | ||
Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund | 0.75% | 0.70% | 0.65% | ||
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund | 0.80% | 0.75% | 0.70% | ||
Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund | 0.75% | 0.70% | 0.65% | ||
Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund | 0.70% | 0.65% | 0.60% | ||
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund | 0.70% | 0.65% | 0.60% |
1 st $400 Million |
$400+ Million through $1 Billion |
$1+ Billion | |||
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund (fka Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund) | 0.90% | 0.85% | 0.80% |
1 st $500 Million | Over $500 Million | ||
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund | 0.80% | 0.70% |
1 st $1 Billion | $1+ Billion | ||
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund | 0.75% | 0.70% |
Exhibit e.2.a
|
100 Pearl Street
|
800.248.7971 | VIRTUS.COM |
|
|
Virtus Mutual Funds Sales Agreement Amended Annex A September 2017 VP Distributors, LLC |
Virtus Mutual Funds and Available Share Classes
ALTERNATIVES | EQUITY | ||
Virtus Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund | A C I R6 T* | Virtus Ceredex Large-Cap Value Equity Fund | A C I R6 T* |
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Infrastructure Fund | A C I T* | Virtus Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity Fund | A C I R6 T* |
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund | A C I R6 T* | Virtus Ceredex Small-Cap Value Equity Fund | A C I T* |
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Real Estate Sec Fund | A C I T* | Virtus Contrarian Value Fund | A C I R6 T* |
Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund | A C I R6 T* | Virtus Horizon Wealth Masters Fund | A C I T* |
Virtus Duff & Phelps Select MLP and Energy Fund | A C I T* | Virtus KAR Captial Growth Fund | A C I T* |
Virtus Rampart Alternatives Diversifier Fund | A C I T* | Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund | A C I T* |
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund | A C I T* | ||
ASSET ALLOCATION | Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund | A C I R6 T* | |
Virtus Conservative Allocation Strategy Fund | A C I T* | Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund | A C I T* |
Virtus Growth Allocation Strategy Fund | A C I T* | Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund | A C I R6 T* |
Virtus Herzfeld Fund | A C I T* | Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund | A C I T* |
Virtus Rampart Multi-Asset Trend Fund | A C I T* | Virtus Rampart Equity Trend Fund | A C I R6 T* |
Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund | A C T* | Virtus Rampart Low Volatility Equity Fund | A C I T* |
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund | A C T* | Virtus Rampart Sector Trend Fund | A C I T* |
Virtus Silvant Large-Cap Growth Stock Fund | A C I R6 T* | ||
Virtus Silvant Small-Cap Growth Stock Fund | A C I R6 T* | ||
Virtus Zevenbergen Innovative Growth Stock Fund | A I T* |
* Class T shares are registered as of the date of this Annex A, but they are not expected to commence operations or be available for sale unless/until sufficient demand is expressed; in the event that Class T shares become available for sale, notice will be provided but no further amendment to this Annex A will be required for their sale.
Applicable waivers of Class A sales charges and Class A & C contingent deferred sales charges are described in the prospectus.
(Continued on next page)
VP Distributors, LLC 100 Pearl Street, Hartford, CT 06103
Marketing: (800) 243-4361 | Customer Service: (800) 243-1574 | www.Virtus.com |
|
100 Pearl Street
|
800.248.7971 | VIRTUS.COM |
Virtus Mutual Funds Sales Agreement Amended Annex A September 2017 VP Distributors, LLC |
Virtus Mutual Funds and Available Share Classes
FIXED INCOME | INTERNATIONAL/GLOBAL | ||
Virtus Newfleet Bond Fund | A C I R6 T* | Virtus Duff & Phelps International Equity Fund | A C I T* |
Virtus Newfleet CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund | A I T* | Virtus Horizon International Wealth Masters Fund | A C I T* |
Virtus Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund | A C I R6 T* | Virtus KAR Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund | A C I T* |
Virtus Newfleet High Yield Fund | A C I R6 T* | Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund | A C I T* |
Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund | A C I T* | Virtus KAR International Small-Cap Fund | A C I R6 T* |
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund | A C I R6 T* | Virtus Rampart Global Equity Trend Fund | A C I T* |
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund | A C C1 I R6 T* | Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund | A C I R6 T* |
Virtus Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund | A C I R6 T* | Virtus Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund | A C I R6 T* |
Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund | A C I T* | Virtus Vontobel Global Opportunities Fund | A C I T* |
Virtus Seix Core Bond Fund | A I R R6 T* | Virtus Vontobel Greater European Opportunities Fund | A C I T* |
Virtus Seix Corporate Bond Fund | A C I T* | Virtus WCM International Equity Fund | A I R6 T* |
Virtus Seix Floating Rate High Income Fund | A C I R6 T* | ||
Virtus Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond Fund | A I T* | TARGET DATE | |
Virtus Seix High Grade Municipal Bond Fund | A I T* | Virtus DFA 2015 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | A I R6 T* |
Virtus Seix High Income Fund | A I R R6 T* | Virtus DFA 2020 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | A I R6 T* |
Virtus Seix High Yield Fund | A I R R6 T* | Virtus DFA 2025 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | A I R6 T* |
Virtus Seix Investment Grade Tax-Exempt Bond Fund | A I T* | Virtus DFA 2030 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | A I R6 T* |
Virtus Seix Limited Duration Fund | I T* | Virtus DFA 2035 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | A I R6 T* |
Virtus Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond Fund | A I T* | Virtus DFA 2040 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | A I R6 T* |
Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond Fund | A C I T* | Virtus DFA 2045 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | A I R6 T* |
Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond Fund | A I T* | Virtus DFA 2050 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | A I R6 T* |
Virtus Seix Total Return Bond Fund | A I R R6 T* | Virtus DFA 2055 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | A I R6 T* |
Virtus Seix U.S. Govt Securities Ultra-Short Bond Fund | I R6 T* | Virtus DFA 2060 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | A I R6 T* |
Virtus Seix U.S. Mortgage Fund | A C I T* | ||
Virtus Seix Ultra-Short Bond Fund | I T* | ||
Virtus Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | A I T* |
* Class T shares are registered as of the date of this Annex A, but they are not expected to commence operations or be available for sale unless/until sufficient demand is expressed; in the event that Class T shares become available for sale, notice will be provided but no further amendment to this Annex A will be required for their sale.
Applicable waivers of Class A sales charges and Class A & C contingent deferred sales charges are described in the prospectus.
VP Distributors, LLC 100 Pearl Street, Hartford, CT 06103
Marketing: (800) 243-4361 | Customer Service: (800) 243-1574 | www.Virtus.com |
2 |
Class A Shares
Equity, Asset Allocation, International/Global, Alternative, Target Date Retirement Income Funds
Amount of | Dealer Discount | |||||||
Transaction | Sales Charge | or Agency Fee | ||||||
Plus Applicable Rights | As Percentage of | As Percentage of | ||||||
of Accumulation: | Offering Price | Offering Price | ||||||
Less than $50,000 | 5.75 | % | 5.00 | % | ||||
$50,000 but under $100,000 | 4.75 | 4.25 | ||||||
$100,000 but under $250,000 | 3.75 | 3.25 | ||||||
$250,000 but under $500,000 | 2.75 | 2.25 | ||||||
$500,000 but under $1,000,000 | 2.00 | 1.75 | ||||||
$1,000,000 or more | None | None |
Newfleet Bond, Newfleet Credit Opportunities, Newfleet High Yield, Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond,
Seix High Income, Seix Core Bond, Seix Corporate Bond, Seix Total Return Bond, Seix High Yield Funds
Amount of | Dealer Discount | |||||||
Transaction | Sales Charge | or Agency Fee | ||||||
Plus Applicable Rights | As Percentage of | As Percentage of | ||||||
of Accumulation: | Offering Price | Offering Price | ||||||
Less than $50,000 | 3.75 | % | 3.25 | % | ||||
$50,000 but under $100,000 | 3.50 | 3.00 | ||||||
$100,000 but under $250,000 | 3.25 | 2.75 | ||||||
$250,000 but under $500,000 | 2.25 | 2.00 | ||||||
$500,000 but under $1,000,000 | 1.75 | 1.50 | ||||||
$1,000,000 or more | None | None |
Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond, Newfleet CA Tax-Exempt Bond, Newfleet Senior Floating Rate, Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond
Seix High Grade Municipal Bond, Seix Investment Grade Tax-Exempt Bond, Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond,
Seix Floating Rate High Income, Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Funds
Amount of | Dealer Discount | |||||||
Transaction | Sales Charge | or Agency Fee | ||||||
Plus Applicable Rights | As Percentage of | As Percentage of | ||||||
of Accumulation: | Offering Price | Offering Price | ||||||
Less than $50,000 | 2.75 | % | 2.25 | % | ||||
$50,000 but under $100,000 | 2.25 | 2.00 | ||||||
$100,000 but under $250,000 | 1.75 | 1.50 | ||||||
$250,000 but under $500,000 | 1.25 | 1.00 | ||||||
$500,000 but under $1,000,000 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
$1,000,000 or more | None | None |
Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond, Newfleet Low Duration Income, Seix Short-Term Bond Fund, Seix Short-Term
Municipal Bond, Seix U.S Mortgage Bond Funds
Amount of | Dealer Discount | |||||||
Transaction | Sales Charge | or Agency Fee | ||||||
Plus Applicable Rights | As Percentage of | As Percentage of | ||||||
of Accumulation: | Offering Price | Offering Price | ||||||
Less $100,000 | 2.25 | % | 2.00 | % | ||||
$100,000 but under $250,000 | 1.75 | 1.50 | ||||||
$250,000 or more | None | None |
3 |
Class A Shares continued
12b-1 Fees: 0.15% - Virtus Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond, Virtus Seix High Grade Municipal Bond, Virtus Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond, Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond and Virtus Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Funds Only - For providing shareholder services which include, but are not limited to, transmitting prospectuses, statements of additional information, shareholder reports, proxy statements and other materials to shareholders; providing educational materials; providing facilities to answer questions about the Funds; receiving and answering correspondence; assisting shareholders in completing application forms and selecting dividend and other account options and providing such other information and services as VP Distributors, LLC (“VPD”) or a Fund may reasonably request, VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.15% annually. The Service Fee is based on the average daily net asset value of Class A shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. Dealers must have an aggregate value of $50,000 or more per Fund CUSIP to qualify for payment in that Fund class. The Service Fee for shares on which a Finder’s Fee has been paid will commence in the thirteenth month following purchase of Class A shares. See the last page of this Annex A for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.
12b-1 Fees: 0.20% - Virtus Seix U.S. Mortgage and Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond Funds Only - For providing shareholder services which include, but are not limited to, transmitting prospectuses, statements of additional information, shareholder reports, proxy statements and other materials to shareholders; providing educational materials; providing facilities to answer questions about the Funds; receiving and answering correspondence; assisting shareholders in completing application forms and selecting dividend and other account options and providing such other information and services as VPD or a Fund may reasonably request, VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.20% annually. The Service Fee is based on the average daily net asset value of Class A shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. Dealers must have an aggregate value of $50,000 or more per Fund CUSIP to qualify for payment in that Fund class. The Service Fee for shares on which a Finder’s Fee has been paid will commence in the thirteenth month following purchase of Class A shares. See the last page of this Annex A for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.
12b-1 Fees: 0.25% - All other Class A Funds- For providing shareholder services which include, but are not limited to, transmitting prospectuses, statements of additional information, shareholder reports, proxy statements and other materials to shareholders; providing educational materials; providing facilities to answer questions about the Funds; receiving and answering correspondence; assisting shareholders in completing application forms and selecting dividend and other account options and providing such other information and services as VPD or a Fund may reasonably request, VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.25% annually. The Service Fee is based on the average daily net asset value of Class A shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. Dealers must have an aggregate value of $50,000 or more per Fund CUSIP to qualify for payment in that Fund class. The Service Fee for shares on which a Finder’s Fee has been paid will commence in the thirteenth month following purchase of Class A shares. See the last page of this Annex A for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.
Finder’s Fee and CDSC Applicable to Virtus Sector Trend and Fixed Income Funds (excluding Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund, Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund, Virtus Seix U.S Mortgage Fund, Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond Fund and Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond Fund): VPD may pay broker-dealers a Finder’s Fee in an amount equal to 0.50% of eligible Class A Share purchases from $1,000,000 to $3,000,000 and 0.25% on amounts greater than $3,000,000. Purchases by an account in the name of a qualified employee benefit plan are eligible for a Finder’s Fee only if such plan has at least 100 eligible employees. A contingent deferred sales charge of 0.50% may apply on certain redemptions made within 18 months following purchases of Class A shares on which a Finder’s Fee has been paid to a dealer. The 18 month period begins on the last day of the month preceding the month in which the purchase was made.
Finder’s Fee and CDSC Applicable to Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund, Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund, Virtus Seix U.S Mortgage Fund, Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond Fund and Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond Fund: VPD may pay broker-dealers a Finder’s Fee in an amount equal to 0.50% of eligible Class A Share purchases from $250,000 to $3,000,000 and 0.25% on amounts greater than $3,000,000. Purchases by an account in the name of a qualified employee benefit plan are eligible for a Finder’s Fee only if such plan has at least 100 eligible employees. A contingent deferred sales charge of 0.50% may apply on certain redemptions made within 12 months following purchases of Class A shares on which a Finder’s Fee has been paid to a dealer. The 12 month period begins on the last day of the month preceding the month in which the purchase was made.
Finder’s Fee and CDSC Applicable to Equity, Asset Allocation, International/Global, Alternative and Target Date Retirement Income Funds Class A Shares: (excluding Virtus Sector Trend Fund) VPD may pay broker-dealers a Finder’s Fee in an amount equal to 1.00% of eligible Class A Share purchases from $1,000,000 to $3,000,000, 0.50% on amounts of $3,000,001 to $10,000,000 and 0.25% on amounts greater than $10,000,000. Purchases by an account in the name of a qualified employee benefit plan are eligible for a Finder’s Fee only if such plan has at least 100 eligible employees. A contingent deferred sales charge of 1% may apply on certain redemptions made within 18 months following purchases of Class A shares on which a Finder’s Fee has been paid to a dealer. The 18 month period begins on the last day of the month preceding the month in which the purchase was made.
4 |
Class C Shares
Sales Commission: |
1% for all Class C Funds except Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund 0% for Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund When original purchases of the Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund Class C are exchanged to other Class C or C1 shares, the dealer will receive a 1% sales commission. |
CDSC: 1% for all Class C Funds, except Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund (no CDSC). Dealers maintaining omnibus accounts, upon redemption of a customer account within the time frames specified below, shall charge such customer account the appropriate contingent deferred sales charge as indicated and shall forward the proceeds to VPD. The CDSC on applicable Class C shares is 1% for one year from each purchase.
Distribution Fee: 0.25% - 0.75% VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.25% annually for Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund, and 0.75% annually for all other Class C Funds, based on the average daily net asset value of Class C shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. The Class C Trail Fee is paid beginning in the 13th month following each purchase. There is no hold for the Class C Trail Fee for the Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund. See the last page of this Annex A for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.
Service Fee: 0.25% For providing shareholder services which include, but are not limited to, transmitting prospectuses, statements of additional information, shareholder reports, proxy statements and other materials to shareholders; providing educational materials; providing facilities to answer questions about the Funds; receiving and answering correspondence; assisting shareholders in completing application forms and selecting dividend and other account options and providing such other information and services as VPD or a Fund may reasonably request, VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.25% annually, based on the average daily net asset value of Class C shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. The Class C Service Fee is paid beginning in the 13 th month following each purchase. There is no hold for the Class C Service Fee for the Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund. See the last page of this Annex A for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.
Class C1 Shares – Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund only
Dealer Concession: 1%
CDSC: 1% for one year from the date of each purchase.
Service Fee: 0.25% For providing shareholder services which include, but are not limited to, transmitting prospectuses, statements of additional information, shareholder reports, proxy statements and other materials to shareholders; providing educational materials; providing facilities to answer questions about the Funds; receiving and answering correspondence; assisting shareholders in completing application forms and selecting dividend and other account options and providing such other information and services as VPD or a Fund may reasonably request, VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.25% annually, based on the average daily net asset value of Class C1 shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. The Class C1 Service Fee is paid beginning in the 13 th month following each purchase. See the last page of this Annex A for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.
Distribution Fee: 0.75% VPD intends to pay a quarterly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.75% annually, based on the average daily net asset value of Class C1 shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. The Class C1 Distribution Fee is paid beginning in the 13 th month following each purchase. See the last page of this Annex A for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.
Class R Shares
Service Fees: 0.25% For providing shareholder services which include, but are not limited to, transmitting prospectuses, statements of additional information, shareholder reports, proxy statements and other materials to shareholders; providing educational materials; providing facilities to answer questions about the Funds; receiving and answering correspondence; assisting shareholders in completing application forms and selecting dividend and other account options and providing such other information and services as VPD or a Fund may reasonably request, VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.25% annually, based on the average daily net asset value of Class R shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. Dealers must have an aggregate value of $50,000 or more per Fund CUSIP to qualify for payment in that Fund class. See below for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.
Distribution Fee: 0.25% VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.25% annually, based on the average daily net asset value of Class R shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. Dealers must have an aggregate value of $50,000 or more per Fund CUSIP to qualify for payment in that Fund class. See below for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.
5 |
Class I Shares
There is no dealer compensation payable on Class I shares, and they do not pay any 12b-1 distribution or service fees.
Class R6 Shares
R6 Shares are available only to certain employer-sponsored retirement plans, including Section 401(k), 403(b) and 457, profit-sharing, money purchase pension and defined benefit plans and non-qualified deferred compensation plans, in each case provided that plan level or omnibus accounts are held on the books of the fund. Other institutional investors may be permitted to purchase Class R6 Shares subject to the fund’s determination of eligibility and may be subject to a $2,500,000 minimum initial investment requirement. No compensation, administrative payments, sub-transfer agency payments or service payments are paid to dealers or other entities from fund assets or VPD’s or an affiliate’s resources on sales of or investments in Class R6 Shares. Class R6 Shares do not carry sales commissions or pay Rule 12b-1 fees, or make payments to dealers or other entities to assist in, or in connection with, the sale of the fund’s shares.
Class T Shares **
Class T shares will be available if/when they are opened by the Fund and will be available only through financial intermediaries.
Amount of | ||||
Transaction | Sales Charge | |||
At Offering Price | Paid to Dealer | |||
Less than $250,000 | 2.50 | % | ||
$250,000 but under $500,000 | 2.00 | |||
$500,000 but under $1,000,000 | 1.50 | |||
$1,000,000 or more | 1.00 |
12b-1 Fees: 0.25% For providing shareholder services which include, but are not limited to, transmitting prospectuses, statements of additional information, shareholder reports, proxy statements and other materials to shareholders; providing educational materials; providing facilities to answer questions about the Funds; receiving and answering correspondence; assisting shareholders in completing application forms and selecting dividend and other account options and providing such other information and services as VPD or a Fund may reasonably request, VPD intends to pay a monthly fee to qualifying dealers at the equivalent of 0.25% annually, based on the average daily net asset value of Class T shares sold by such dealers and remaining on the Funds’ books during the period in which the fee is calculated. Dealers must have an aggregate value of $50,000 or more per Fund CUSIP to qualify for payment in that Fund class. See below for Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees.
** Effective upon inception of this share class
Terms and Conditions for Service and Distribution Fees – All Share Classes
Applicable Service and Distribution Fees are paid pursuant to one or more distribution and/or service plans (“Plan”) adopted by certain of the Funds. Payment of these fees will automatically terminate in the event such Plan terminates or is not continued or in the event that this Agreement terminates, is assigned or ceases to remain in effect. VP Distributors shall be under no obligation to pay any fees hereunder to the extent such fees have not been paid to VP Distributors by the applicable Fund(s). In addition, these fees may be terminated at any time, without the payment of an penalty, by vote of a majority of the members of the Funds’ Board of Trustees who are not interested persons of the Funds and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of any Fund or Funds on not more than sixty days' written notice to any other party to the Agreement.
VPD 80A (Sept 2017 rev.)
6 |
Exhibit g.1.d
JOINDER AGREEMENT AND AMENDMENT
TO
CUSTODY AGREEMENT
This Joinder Agreement and Amendment (“Amendment”) dated September 5, 2017 and effective the 11 th day of September 2017 is by and between Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, Virtus Equity Trust, Virtus Opportunities Trust, Virtus Retirement Trust, Virtus Asset Trust and Virtus Variable Insurance Trust, (each, the “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) and The Bank of New York Mellon (“BNY Mellon”).
BACKGROUND:
A. | BNY Mellon and the Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust entered into a Custody Agreement dated as of March 21, 2014, as amended (the “Agreement”) relating to BNY Mellon’s provision of custody services. |
B. | Each Fund and BNY Mellon desire that each Fund be a party to the Agreement and receive the custody services set forth in the Agreement and desire to amend the Agreement as set forth herein. |
C. | This Background section is incorporated by reference into and made a part of this Amendment. |
TERMS:
The parties hereby agree that:
1. | By executing this Agreement, each Fund and BNY Mellon agrees to become a party to, and be bound by, and to comply with the terms of the Agreement in the same manner as if each of the undersigned were an original signatory to the Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, each investment company listed at Schedule I shall be considered to have a separate agreement with BNY Mellon and hereby appoints BNY Mellon to provide custody services in accordance with the terms set forth in the Agreement. BNY Mellon accepts such appointment and agrees to furnish such services. |
2. | Section 1 of the Agreement is hereby amended and supplemented by adding the following Definitions: |
“ Economic Sanctions Compliance Program ” shall mean those programs, policies, procedures and measures designed to ensure compliance with, and prevent violations of, Sanctions.
“ Sanctions ” shall mean all economic sanctions, laws, rules, regulations, executive orders and requirements administered by any governmental authority of the U.S. (including the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control) that are applicable to the Fund.”
3. | Section 8 of the Agreement is hereby amended and supplemented by adding the following: |
8.8 Sanctions .
(a) Throughout the term of this Agreement, the Fund shall maintain, and comply with, compliance policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure the Fund’s compliance with applicable Sanctions.
(b) To the extent available to the Fund, the Fund will promptly provide to the Custodian such information as the Custodian reasonably requests in connection with the matters referenced in this Section 8.8, including information regarding the Accounts, the assets held or to be held in the Accounts, the source thereof, and the identity of any individual or entity having or claiming an interest therein. The Custodian may decline to act or provide services in respect of any Account, and take such other actions as it, in its reasonable discretion, deems necessary or advisable, in connection with the matters referenced in this Section 8.8. If the Custodian declines to act or provide services as provided in the preceding sentence, except as otherwise prohibited by applicable law or official request, the Custodian will inform the Fund as soon as reasonably practicable.
4. | Section 10.2 of the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following: |
“ 10.2 Termination .
a. This Agreement shall continue through October 9, 2022 (the “Initial Term”).
b. Upon the expiration of the Initial Term, this Agreement shall continue automatically until terminated in accordance with this Section 10.2; provided however, that this Agreement may be terminated at the end of its Initial Term or any subsequent date by Custodian upon 90 days’ prior written notice to the other parties, and by the Fund upon 60 days’ prior written notice to Custodian.
c. In the event of termination, all reasonable actual expenses associated with movement of records and materials and conversion thereof to a successor service provider will be borne by the Fund and paid to Custodian prior to any such conversion.
d. If a party hereto is guilty of a material failure to perform its duties and obligations hereunder (a “Defaulting Party”) the other party (the “Non-Defaulting Party”) may give written notice thereof to the Defaulting Party, and if such material failure shall not have been remedied within thirty (30) days after such written notice is given of such material failure, then the Non-Defaulting Party may terminate this Agreement by giving thirty (30) days written notice of such termination to the Defaulting Party even during the Initial Term. In all cases, termination by the Non- Defaulting Party shall not constitute a waiver by the Non-Defaulting Party of any other rights it might have under this Agreement or otherwise against the Defaulting Party. For the avoidance of doubt, a material failure by the Custodian to perform its duties and obligations hereunder in accordance with the Service Level Agreement between the parties shall constitute a material failure to perform its duties and obligations hereunder by the Custodian.
e. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, if the Fund gives notice to Custodian terminating it as the provider of any of the services hereunder or if the Fund otherwise terminates this Agreement Custodian shall, if requested by the Fund, make a good faith effort to facilitate a conversion to the Fund’s successor service provider, provided that Custodian does not guarantee that it will be able to effect a conversion on the date(s) requested by the Fund. If any of the Fund’s assets serviced by Custodian under this Agreement are removed from the coverage of this Agreement (“Removed Assets”) and are subsequently serviced by another service provider (including the Fund or any affiliate of the Fund), this Agreement will remain in full force and effect with respect to all non-Removed Assets.
f. In the event this Agreement is terminated (pending appointment of a successor to Custodian or vote of the shareholders of the Fund to dissolve or to function without a custodian of its cash, securities or other property). Custodian shall not deliver cash, securities or other property of the Portfolios to the Fund. It may deliver them to a bank or trust company of Custodian’s choice, having aggregate capital, surplus and undivided profits, as shown by its last published report, of not less than twenty million dollars ($20,000,000), as a custodian for the Fund to be held under terms similar to those of this Agreement. Custodian shall not be required to make any delivery or payment of assets upon termination until full payment shall have been made to Custodian of all of its fees, compensation, costs, expenses and other amounts owing to it hereunder. Custodian shall have a first priority contractual possessory security interest in and shall have a right of setoff against the Property as security for such payment of its fees, compensation, costs, expenses and other amounts owing to it.”
5. | For clarity, as of the effective date of this Amendment the Agreement shall be deemed to be in its “Initial Term” (as defined in Section 4 above). |
6. | Miscellaneous . |
(a) | Capitalized terms not defined in this Amendment shall have the same meanings as set forth in the Agreement. In the event of a conflict between the terms hereof and the Agreement, as to services described in this Amendment, this Amendment shall control. |
(b) | As hereby amended and supplemented, the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. |
(c) | The Agreement, as amended hereby, constitutes the complete understanding and agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior communications with respect thereto. |
(d) | This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. The facsimile signature of any party to this Amendment shall constitute the valid and binding execution hereof by such party. |
(e) | This Amendment shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York, without regard to its principles of conflicts of laws. |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed by their duly authorized officers designated below on the date and year first above written.
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST | ||
VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST | ||
VIRTUS OPPORTUNITIES TRUST | ||
VIRTUS RETIREMENT TRUST | ||
VIRTUS ASSET TRUST | ||
VIRTUS VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST | ||
By: | /s/ Amy Hackett | |
Name: | Amy Hackett | |
Title: | Vice President and Assistant Treasurer | |
THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON | ||
By: | /s/ Armando Fernandez | |
Name: | Armando Fernandez | |
Title: | Vice President |
SCHEDULE I
THIS SCHEDULE I, amended and restated as of ________, 2017, is the Schedule I to that certain Custody Agreement dated as of March 21, 2014, as amended, between each investment company on Schedule I and The Bank of New York Mellon.
List of Funds and Portfolios 123
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
Virtus Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
Virtus Duff & Phelps Select MLP and Energy Fund
Virtus Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund
VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund 1
Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund 1
Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund 1
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund 1
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund 1
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund 1
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund 1
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund 1
Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund 2
Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund 1
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund 1
VIRTUS OPPORTUNITIES TRUST
Virtus Alternatives Diversifier Fund 1
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Infrastructure Fund 1
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund 1
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Equity Fund 1
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Real Estate Securities Fund 1
Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund 1
Virtus Equity Trend Fund 1
Virtus Global Equity Trend Fund 1
Virtus Herzfeld Fund 1
Virtus Horizon International Wealth Masters Fund 1
Virtus Horizon Wealth Masters Fund 1
Virtus KAR Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund 1
Virtus KAR International Small-Cap Fund 1
Virtus Multi-Asset Trend Fund 1
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund 2
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund 2
1 As of conversion September 11, 2017
2 As of conversion September 25, 2017
3 As of conversion October 9, 2017
Virtus Newfleet Bond Fund 2
Virtus Newfleet CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund 2
Virtus Newfleet High Yield Fund 2
Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund 2
Virtus Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund 2
Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund 2
Virtus Rampart Low Volatility Equity Fund 2
Virtus Sector Trend Fund 1
Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund 2
Virtus Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund 2
Virtus Vontobel Global Opportunities Fund 2
Virtus Vontobel Greater European Opportunities Fund 2
VIRTUS RETIREMENT TRUST
Virtus DFA 2015 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2
Virtus DFA 2020 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2
Virtus DFA 2025 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2
Virtus DFA 2030 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2
Virtus DFA 2035 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2
Virtus DFA 2040 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2
Virtus DFA 2045 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2
Virtus DFA 2050 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2
Virtus DFA 2055 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2
Virtus DFA 2060 Target Date Retirement Income Fund 2
VIRTUS ASSET TRUST
Virtus Ceredex Large-Cap Value Equity Fund 3
Virtus Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity Fund 3
Virtus Ceredex Small-Cap Value Equity Fund 3
Virtus Silvant Large-Cap Growth Stock Fund 3
Virtus Silvant Small-Cap Growth Stock Fund 3
Virtus Zevenbergen Innovative Growth Stock Fund 3
Virtus WCM International Equity Fund 3
Virtus Conservative Allocation Strategy Fund 3
Virtus Growth Allocation Strategy Fund 3
Virtus Seix U.S. Mortgage Fund 3
Virtus Seix Limited Duration Fund 3
Virtus Seix Core Bond Fund 3
Virtus Seix Corporate Bond Fund 3
Virtus Seix Total Return Bond Fund 3
Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond Fund 3
Virtus Seix U.S. Government Securities Ultra-Short Bond Fund 3
Virtus Seix Ultra-Short Bond Fund 3
Virtus Seix Floating Rate High Income Fund 3
Virtus Seix High Income Fund 3
Virtus Seix High Yield Fund 3
Virtus Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond Fund 3
Virtus Seix High Grade Municipal Bond Fund 3
Virtus Seix Investment Grade Tax-Exempt Bond Fund 3
Virtus Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond Fund 3
Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond Fund 3
Virtus Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund 3
VIRTUS VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Series 1
Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Series 1
Virtus Equity Trend Series 1
Virtus KAR Capital Growth Series 1
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Series 1
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Series 1
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Series 2
Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Series 2
Virtus Strategic Allocation Series 1
Exhibit h.2.h
Execution Version
Amendment
To
Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement
This Amendment To Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2017 (" Amendment "), is being entered into by and among BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (" BNYM "), Virtus Fund Services, LLC (" Company ") and each of the " Funds ", which is hereby defined to mean each of the Investment Companies and each Portfolio of each such Investment Company listed on Schedule B to the Current Agreement (as defined below).
Background
BNYM, certain of the Funds and VP Distributors, Inc., as transfer agent to the Funds, entered into the Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement as of April 15, 2011 (" Original Agreement "). VP Distributors, LLC, the surviving entity in a merger with VP Distributors, Inc. that was effective September 22, 2011, transferred all rights and obligations as transfer agent of the Funds under the Original Agreement to the Company pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption Agreement, effective as of January 1, 2013, among VP Distributors, LLC, the Company, certain of the Funds and BNYM (the Original Agreement as so assigned and amended being the " Assigned Agreement "). BNYM, the Company and the Funds subsequently entered into amendments to the Assigned Agreement, dated as of March 21, 2014, June 1, 2014, August 19, 2014, November 12, 2014, March 24, 2015, May 28, 2015, September 1, 2015, December 10, 2015 and July 27, 2016 (the Assigned Agreement as so amended being the " Current Agreement "). BNYM, the Funds and the Company wish to amend the Current Agreement in accordance with the terms of this Amendment.
Terms
NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree to all statements made above and as follows:
1. Modifications to Current Agreement . The Current Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Section 13(b) and replacing it in its entirety with the following:
(b) This Agreement shall automatically renew on the final day of the Initial Term for an additional term which will continue until August 31, 2017 and thereafter the Agreement shall automatically renew on each anniversary of August 31, 2017 for a one year period (each of the automatic renewal terms being a " Renewal Term "), unless the Company, the Fund or BNYM gives written notice to each other party of its intent not to renew and such notice is received by each other party not less than sixty (60) days prior to the expiration of the then-current Renewal Term (a " Non- Renewal Notice "). In the event a party provides a Non-Renewal Notice, this Agreement shall terminate at 11:59 PM (Eastern Time) on the last day of the Renewal Term. A Non-Renewal Notice from the Company shall constitute notice of termination of the Agreement in its entirety for the Company and all Funds and a Non-Renewal Notice from a Fund shall constitute a notice of termination of the Agreement solely with respect to the Fund providing the Non-Renewal Notice.
2. Remainder of Current Agreement . Except as specifically modified by this Amendment, all terms and conditions of the Current Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.
3. Governing Law . The governing law of the Current Agreement shall be the governing law of this Amendment.
Page 1 |
Execution Version
4. Entire Agreement . This Amendment constitutes the final, complete, exclusive and fully integrated record of the agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter herein and the amendment of the Current Agreement.
5. Facsimile Signatures; Counterparts . This Amendment may be executed in one more counterparts; such execution of counterparts may occur by manual signature, facsimile signature, manual signature transmitted by means of facsimile transmission or manual signature contained in an imaged document attached to an email transmission; and each such counterpart executed in accordance with the foregoing shall be deemed an original, with all such counterparts together constituting one and the same instrument. The exchange of executed copies of this Amendment or of executed signature pages to this Amendment by facsimile transmission or as an imaged document attached to an email transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery hereof and may be used for all purposes in lieu of a manually executed copy of this Amendment.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed by their duly authorized officers, as of the day and year first above written.
BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. | Virtus Equity Trust | |||
Virtus Insight Trust | ||||
By: | /s/ Armando Fernandez | Virtus Opportunities Trust | ||
Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust | ||||
Name: | Armando Fernandez | Virtus Retirement Trust | ||
On behalf of each Fund in its individual | ||||
Title: | Vice President | and separate capacity, and not on behalf | ||
of any other Fund | ||||
By: | /s/ George R. Aylward | |||
Virtus Fund Services, LLC | Name: | George R. Aylward | ||
By: | /s/ George R. Aylward | Title: | President | |
Name: | George R. Aylward | |||
Title: | President |
Page 2 |
Exhibit h.2.i
Execution Copy
Amendment To
Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services
Agreement
This Amendment To Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of September 18, 2017 (" Amendment "), is being entered into by and among BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (" BNYM "), Virtus Fund Services, LLC (" Company ") and each of the " Funds ", which is hereby defined to mean each of the Investment Companies and each Portfolio of each such Investment Company listed on Schedule B to the Current Agreement (as defined below).
Background
BNYM, certain of the Funds and VP Distributors, Inc., as transfer agent to the Funds, entered into the Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement as of April 15, 2011 (" Original Agreement "). VP Distributors, LLC, the surviving entity in a merger with VP Distributors, Inc. that was effective September 22, 2011, transferred all rights and obligations as transfer agent of the Funds under the Original Agreement to the Company pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption Agreement, effective as of January 1, 2013, among VP Distributors, LLC, the Company, certain of the Funds and BNYM (the Original Agreement as so assigned and amended being the " Assigned Agreement "). BNYM, the Company and the Funds subsequently entered into amendments to the Assigned Agreement, dated as of March 21, 2014, June 1, 2014, August 19, 2014, November 12, 2014, March 24, 2015, May 28, 2015, September 1, 2015, December 10, 2015, July 27, 2016 and February 1, 2017 (the Assigned Agreement as so amended being the " Current Agreement ").
BNYM, the Funds and the Company now wish to amend the Current Agreement to provide for a short term extension of the Agreement through December 31, 2017, and to add certain Funds to Schedule B.
Terms
NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree to all statements made above and as follows:
1. Modifications to Current Agreement .
(a) The Current Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Section 13(b) and replacing it in its entirety with the following:
(b) This Agreement shall automatically renew on the final day of the Initial Term for an additional term which will continue until December 31, 2017 and thereafter the Agreement shall automatically renew on each anniversary of December 31, 2017 for a one year period (each of the automatic renewal terms being a " Renewal Term "), unless the Company, the Fund or BNYM gives written notice to each other party of its intent not to renew and such notice is received by each other party not less than sixty (60) days prior to the expiration of the then-current Renewal Term (a " Non-Renewal Notice "). In the event a party provides a Non-Renewal Notice, this Agreement shall terminate at 11:59 PM (Eastern Time) on the last day of the Renewal Term. A Non- Renewal Notice from the Company shall constitute notice of termination of the Agreement in its entirety for the Company and all Funds and a Non-Renewal Notice from a Fund shall constitute a notice of termination of the Agreement solely with respect to the Fund providing the Non-Renewal Notice.
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(b) The Current Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Schedule B in its entirety and replacing it with the Schedule B attached to Amendment.
2. Adoption of Amended Agreement by Each New Fund . Each Fund that has been added to Schedule B by virtue of this Amendment acknowledges and agrees that (i) by virtue of its execution of this Amendment, it becomes and is a party to the Current Agreement as amended by this Amendment ("Amended Agreement") as of the date first written above, or if BNYM commenced providing services to the Fund prior to the date first written above, as of the date BNYM first provided services to the Fund, and (ii) it is bound by all terms and conditions of the Amended Agreement as of such date. The term "Fund" has the same meaning in this Amendment as it has in the Current Agreement.
3. Remainder of Current Agreement . Except as specifically modified by this Amendment, all terms and conditions of the Current Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.
4. Governing Law . The governing law of the Current Agreement shall be the governing law of this Amendment.
5. Entire Agreement . This Amendment constitutes the final, complete, exclusive and fully integrated record of the agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter herein and the amendment of the Current Agreement.
6. Facsimile Signatures; Counterparts . This Amendment may be executed in one more counterparts; such execution of counterparts may occur by manual signature, facsimile signature, manual signature transmitted by means of facsimile transmission or manual signature contained in an imaged document attached to an email transmission; and each such counterpart executed in accordance with the foregoing shall be deemed an original, with all such counterparts together constituting one and the same instrument. The exchange of executed copies of this Amendment or of executed signature pages to this Amendment by facsimile transmission or as an imaged document attached to an email transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery hereof and may be used for all purposes in lieu of a manually executed copy of this Amendment.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed by their duly authorized officers, as of the day and year first above written.
BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. | Virtus Equity Trust | |||
Virtus Opportunities Trust | ||||
By: | /s/ Armando Fernandez | Virtus Asset Trust | ||
Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust | ||||
Name: | Armando Fernandez | Virtus Retirement Trust | ||
On behalf of each Fund in its | ||||
Title: | Vice President | individual and separate capacity, and | ||
not on behalf of any other Fund | ||||
By: | /s/ Heidi Griswold | |||
Virtus Fund Services, LLC | Name: | Heidi Griswold | ||
By: | /s/ Heidi Griswold | Title: | Vice President | |
Name: | Heidi Griswold | |||
Title: | Vice President |
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SCHEDULE B
(Dated: September 18, 2017)
THIS SCHEDULE B is Schedule B to that certain Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of April 15, 2011, by and among BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc., Virtus Fund Services, LLC (under the name of its predecessor in interest, VP Distributors, Inc.) and the Funds, as further set forth below.
Portfolios | ||
Investment Company : | Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust |
Portfolios :
Virtus Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund A (formerly, Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund A)
Virtus Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund C (formerly,Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund C )
Virtus Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund I (formerly, Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund I)
Virtus Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund R6 (formerly, Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund R6)
Virtus Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund A (formerly, Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund A)
Virtus Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund C (formerly, Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund C)
Virtus Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund I (formerly, Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund I)
Virtus Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund R6
Virtus Duff & Phelps Select MLP Energy Fund A (formerly, Virtus Select MLP and Energy Fund A)
Virtus Duff & Phelps Select MLP Energy Fund C (formerly, Virtus Select MLP and Energy Fund C)
Virtus Duff & Phelps Select MLP Energy Fund I (formerly, Virtus Select MLP and Energy Fund I)
Virtus Strategic Income Fund A – Closed 5/10/2017 1
Virtus Strategic Income Fund C- Closed 5/10/2017
Virtus Strategic Income Fund I – Closed 5/10/2017
Investment Company : | Virtus Asset Trust 2 |
Portfolios:
Virtus Ceredex Large-Cap Value Equity-A
Virtus Ceredex Large-Cap Value Equity-C
Virtus Ceredex Large-Cap Value Equity-I
Virtus Ceredex Large-Cap Value Equity-Is
Virtus Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity-A
Virtus Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity-C
Virtus Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity-I
Virtus Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity-IS
Virtus Ceredex Small-Cap Value Equity-A
Virtus Ceredex Small-Cap Value Equity-C
Virtus Ceredex Small-Cap Value Equity-I
Virtus Conservative Allocation Strategy-A
Virtus Conservative Allocation Strategy-C
Virtus Conservative Allocation Strategy-I
Virtus Growth Allocation Strategy-A
Virtus Growth Allocation Strategy-C
Virtus Growth Allocation Strategy-I
Virtus Seix Core Bond-A
Virtus Seix Core Bond-I
Virtus Seix Core Bond-IS
Virtus Seix Core Bond-R
1 Liquidated on May 10, 2017. Will not appear on future Schedule B.
2 BNYM expected to commence services on September 18, 2017.
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Virtus Seix Corporate Bond-A
Virtus Seix Corporate Bond-C
Virtus Seix Corporate Bond-I
Virtus Seix Floating Rate High Income-A
Virtus Seix Floating Rate High Income-C
Virtus Seix Floating Rate High Income-I
Virtus Seix Floating Rate High Income-IS
Virtus Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond-A
Virtus Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond-I
Virtus Seix High Grade Municipal Bond-A
Virtus Seix High Grade Municipal Bond-I
Virtus Seix High Income-A
Virtus Seix High Income-I
Virtus Seix High Income-IS
Virtus Seix High Income-R
Virtus Seix High Yield-A
Virtus Seix High Yield-I
Virtus Seix High Yield-IS
Virtus Seix High Yield-R
Virtus Seix Investment Grade Tax-Ex Bond-A
Virtus Seix Investment Grade Tax-Ex Bond-I
Virtus Seix Limited Duration-I
Virtus Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond-A
Virtus Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond-I
Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond-A
Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond-C
Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond-I
Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond-A
Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond-I
Virtus Seix Total Return Bond-A
Virtus Seix Total Return Bond-I
Virtus Seix Total Return Bond-IS
Virtus Seix Total Return Bond-R
Virtus Seix Ultra-Short Bond-I
Virtus Seix US Government Security Ultra-Short Bond-I
Virtus Seix US Government Security Ultra-Short Bond-IS
Virtus Seix US Mortgage-A
Virtus Seix US Mortgage-C
Virtus Seix US Mortgage-I
Virtus Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond-A
Virtus Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond-I
Virtus Silvant Large-Cap Growth Stock-A
Virtus Silvant Large-Cap Growth Stock-C
Virtus Silvant Large-Cap Growth Stock-I
Virtus Silvant Large-Cap Growth Stock-IS
Virtus Silvant Small-Cap Growth Stock-A
Virtus Silvant Small-Cap Growth Stock-C
Virtus Silvant Small-Cap Growth Stock-I
Virtus Silvant Small-Cap Growth Stock-IS
Virtus WCM International Equity-A
Virtus WCM International Equity-I
Virtus WCM International Equity-IS
Virtus Zevenbergen Innovative Growth Stock-A
Virtus Zevenbergen Innovative Growth Stock-I
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Investment Company : | Virtus Equity Trust |
Portfolios :
Strategic Allocation A (formerly Virtus Balanced Fund A)
Strategic Allocation C (formerly Virtus Balanced Fund C
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund A
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund C
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund I
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund R6
Rampart Enhanced Core Equity A (formerly Virtus Growth & Income Fund A))
Rampart Enhanced Core Equity C (formerly Virtus Growth & Income Fund C)
Rampart Enhanced Core Equity I (formerly Virtus Growth & Income Fund I)
Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund A (formerly Global Quality Dividend Fund A)
Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund C (formerly Global Quality Dividend Fund C)
Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund I (formerly Global Quality Dividend Fund I)
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund A (formerly, Virtus Mid-Cap Core Fund A)
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund C (formerly, Virtus Mid-Cap Core Fund C)
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund I (formerly, Virtus Mid-Cap Core Fund I)
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund A (formerly, Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund A)
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund C (formerly, Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund C)
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund I (formerly, Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund I)
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund A (formerly, Virtus Quality Small-Cap Fund A)
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund C (formerly, Virtus Quality Small-Cap Fund C)
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund I (formerly, Virtus Quality Small-Cap Fund I)
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund R6
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund A (formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund A)
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund C (formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund C)
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund I (formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund I)
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund R6 (formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund R6)
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund A (formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund A)
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund C (formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund C)
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund I (formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund I)
Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund A (formerly, Virtus Strategic Growth Fund A)
Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund C (formerly, Virtus Strategic Growth Fund C)
Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund I (formerly, Virtus Strategic Growth Fund I)
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund A
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund C
Investment Company : | Virtus Insight Trust 3 |
Portfolios :
Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund A (formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund A)
Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund C (formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund C)
Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund I (formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund I)
Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund R6 (formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund R6)
Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund A (formerly, Virtus Low Duration Income Fund A)
Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund C (formerly,Virtus Low Duration Income Fund C)
Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund I (formerly,Virtus Low Duration Income Fund I)
Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A (formerly, Virtus Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A)
Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund C (formerly, Virtus Tax-Exempt Bond Fund C)
Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund I (formerly, Virtus Tax-Exempt Bond Fund I)
Investment Company : | Virtus Opportunities Trust |
3 All Portfolios merged into Virtus Opportunities Trust September 23, 2016.
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Portfolios :
Virtus Multi-Asset Trend Fund A
Virtus Multi-Asset Trend Fund C
Virtus Multi-Asset Trend Fund I
Virtus Sector Trend Fund A
Virtus Sector Trend Fund C
Virtus Sector Trend Fund I
Virtus Alternatives Diversifier Fund A
Virtus Alternatives Diversifier Fund C
Virtus Alternatives Diversifier Fund I
Virtus Newfleet Bond Fund A (formerly, Virtus Bond Fund A)
Virtus Newfleet Bond Fund C (formerly, Virtus Bond Fund C)
Virtus Newfleet Bond Fund I (formerly, Virtus Bond Fund I)
Virtus Newfleet Bond Fund R6
Virtus Newfleet CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A (formerly, Virtus CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A)
Virtus Newfleet CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund I (formerly, Virtus CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund I)
Virtus Dynamic Trend Fund A 4
Virtus Dynamic Trend Fund B 4
Virtus Dynamic Trend Fund C 4
Virtus Dynamic Trend Fund I 4
Virtus Dynamic Trend Fund R6 4
Virtus Emerging Markets Debt Fund A Closed 5/10/2017 5
Virtus Emerging Markets Debt Fund C Closed 5/10/2017
Virtus Emerging Markets Debt Fund I Closed 5/10/2017
Virtus Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund A Closed 3/15/2017 6
Virtus Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund C Closed 3/15/2017
Virtus Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund I Closed 3/15/2017
Virtus KAR Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund A (formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund A)
Virtus KAR Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund C (formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund C)
Virtus KAR Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund I (formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund I)
Virtus Essential Resources Fund A Closed 3/15/2017 6
Virtus Essential Resources Fund C Closed 3/15/2017
Virtus Essential Resources Fund I Closed 3/15/2017
Virtus Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund A (formerly, Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund A)
Virtus Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund C (formerly, Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund C)
Virtus Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund I (formerly, Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund I)
Virtus Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund R6 (formerly, Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund R6)
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Infrastructure Fund A (formerly, Virtus Global Infrastructure Fund A)
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Infrastructure Fund C (formerly, Virtus Global Infrastructure Fund C)
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Infrastructure Fund I (formerly, Virtus Global Infrastructure Fund I)
Virtus Vontobel Global Opportunities Fund A (formerly, Virtus Global Opportunities Fund A)
Virtus Vontobel Global Opportunities Fund C (formerly, Virtus Global Opportunities Fund C)
Virtus Vontobel Global Opportunities Fund I (formerly, Virtus Global Opportunities Fund I)
Virtus Global Equity Trend Fund A
Virtus Global Equity Trend Fund C
Virtus Global Equity Trend Fund I
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund A (formerly, Virtus Global Real Estate Securities Fund A)
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund C (formerly, Virtus Global Real Estate Securities Fund C)
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund I (formerly, Virtus Global Real Estate Securities Fund I)
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund R6
Virtus Vontobel Greater European Opportunities Fund A (formerly, Virtus Greater European Opportunities Fund A)
4 Merged into another Portfolio of Virtus Opportunities Trust on February 5, 2016. Will not appear on future Schedule B.
5 Liquidated on May 10, 2017. Will not appear on future Schedule B.
6 Liquidated on March 15, 2017. Will not appear on future Schedule B.
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Vontobel Greater European Opportunities Fund C (formerly, Virtus Greater European Opportunities Fund C)
Virtus Vontobel Greater European OppVirtusortunities Fund I (formerly, Virtus Greater European Opportunities Fund I)
Virtus Herzfeld Fund A
Virtus Herzfeld Fund C
Virtus Herzfeld Fund I
Virtus Newfleet High Yield Fund A (formerly, Virtus High Yield Fund A)
Virtus Newfleet High Yield Fund C (formerly, Virtus High Yield Fund C)
Virtus Newfleet High Yield Fund I (formerly, Virtus High Yield Fund I)
Virtus Newfleet High Yield Fund R6
Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund A (formerly, Virtus Low Duration Income Fund A)
Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund C (formerly, Virtus Low Duration Income Fund C)
Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund I (formerly, Virtus Low Duration Income Fund I)
Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund A (formerly, Virtus Tax Exempt Bond Fund A)
Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund C (formerly, Virtus Tax Exempt Bond Fund C)
Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund I (formerly, Virtus Tax Exempt Bond Fund I)
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Equity Fund A (formerly, Virtus International Equity Fund A)
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Equity Fund C (formerly, Virtus International Equity Fund C)
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Equity Fund I (formerly, Virtus International Equity Fund I)
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Real Estate Securities Fund A (formerly, Virtus International Real Estate Securities Fund A)
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Real Estate Securities Fund C (formerly, Virtus International Real Estate Securities Fund C)
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Real Estate Securities Fund I (formerly, Virtus International Real Estate Securities Fund I)
Virtus KAR International Small-Cap Fund A (formerly, Virtus International Small-Cap Fund A)
Virtus KAR International Small-Cap Fund C (formerly, Virtus International Small-Cap Fund C)
Virtus KAR International Small-Cap Fund I (formerly, Virtus International Small-Cap Fund I)
Virtus KAR International Small-Cap Fund R6 (formerly, Virtus International Small-Cap Fund R6)
Virtus Horizon International Wealth Masters Fund A (formerly, Virtus International Wealth Masters Fund A)
Virtus Horizon International Wealth Masters Fund C (formerly, Virtus International Wealth Masters Fund C)
Virtus Horizon International Wealth Masters Fund I (formerly, Virtus International Wealth Masters Fund I)
Virtus Rampart Low Volatility Equity Fund A (formerly, Virtus Low Volatility Equity Fund A)
Virtus Rampart Low Volatility Equity Fund C (formerly, Virtus Low Volatility Equity Fund C)
Virtus Rampart Low Volatility Equity Fund I (formerly, Virtus Low Volatility Equity Fund I)
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund A (formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund A)
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund C (formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund C)
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund I (formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund I)
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund R6 (formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund R6)
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund A (formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund A)
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund C (formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund C)
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund I (formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund I)
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund C1 (formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund T)
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund R6
Virtus Equity Trend Fund A
Virtus Equity Trend Fund C
Virtus Equity Trend Fund I
Virtus Equity Trend Fund R6
Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund A (formerly, Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund A)
Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund C (formerly, Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund C)
Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund I (formerly, Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund I)
Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund R6 (formerly, Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund R6)
Virtus Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund A (formerly, Virtus Senior Floating Rate Fund A)
Virtus Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund C (formerly, Virtus Senior Floating Rate Fund C)
Virtus Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund I (formerly, Virtus Senior Floating Rate Fund I)
Virtus Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund R6
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Virtus Horizon Wealth Masters Fund A (formerly, Virtus Wealth Masters Fund A)
Virtus Horizon Wealth Masters Fund C (formerly, Virtus Wealth Masters Fund C)
Virtus Horizon Wealth Masters Fund I (formerly, Virtus Wealth Masters Fund I)
Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund A (formerly Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund A)
Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund C (formerly Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund C)
Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund I (formerly Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund I)
Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund R6 (formerly Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund R6)
Investment Company : | Virtus Retirement Trust |
Portfolios :
Virtus DFA 2015 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A
Virtus DFA 2015 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I
Virtus DFA 2015 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6
Virtus DFA 2020 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A
Virtus DFA 2020 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I
Virtus DFA 2020 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6
Virtus DFA 2025 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A
Virtus DFA 2025 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I
Virtus DFA 2025 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6
Virtus DFA 2030 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A
Virtus DFA 2030 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I
Virtus DFA 2030 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6
Virtus DFA 2035 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A
Virtus DFA 2035 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I
Virtus DFA 2035 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6
Virtus DFA 2040 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A
Virtus DFA 2040 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I
Virtus DFA 2040 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6
Virtus DFA 2045 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A
Virtus DFA 2045 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I
Virtus DFA 2045 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6
Virtus DFA 2050 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A
Virtus DFA 2050 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I
Virtus DFA 2050 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6
Virtus DFA 2055 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A
Virtus DFA 2055 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I
Virtus DFA 2055 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6
Virtus DFA 2060 Target Date Retirement Income Fund A
Virtus DFA 2060 Target Date Retirement Income Fund I
Virtus DFA 2060 Target Date Retirement Income Fund R6
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Exhibit h.2.j
Execution Copy
Amendment
To
Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement
This Amendment To Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2018 (" Amendment "), is being entered into by and among BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (" BNYM "), Virtus Fund Services, LLC (" Company ") and each of the " Funds ", which is hereby defined to mean each of the Investment Companies and each Portfolio of each such Investment Company listed on Schedule B to the Current Agreement (as defined below).
Background
BNYM, certain of the Funds and VP Distributors, Inc., as transfer agent to the Funds, entered into the Sub-Transfer Agency And Shareholder Services Agreement as of April 15, 2011 (" Original Agreement "). VP Distributors, LLC, the surviving entity in a merger with VP Distributors, Inc. that was effective September 22, 2011, transferred all rights and obligations as transfer agent of the Funds under the Original Agreement to the Company pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption Agreement, effective as of January 1, 2013, among VP Distributors, LLC, the Company, certain of the Funds and BNYM (the Original Agreement as so assigned and amended being the " Assigned Agreement ").
BNYM, the Company and the Funds subsequently entered into amendments to the Assigned Agreement, dated as of March 21, 2014, June 1, 2014, August 19, 2014, November 12, 2014, March 24, 2015, May 28, 2015, September 1, 2015, December 10, 2015, July 27, 2016, February 1, 2017 and September 18, 2017 (the Assigned Agreement as so amended being the " Current Agreement ").
Pursuant to the Amendment to this Agreement dated June 1, 2014, this Agreement was extended until June 1, 2017. Pursuant to the Amendment dated February 1, 2017, this Agreement was further extended until August 31, 2017. Pursuant to the Amendment dated September 18, 2017, this Agreement was further extended until December 31, 2017. BNYM, the Funds and the Company wish to amend the Current Agreement as set forth in this Amendment No. 5 to further extend the term and to update certain provisions of the Current Agreement.
Terms
NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree to all statements made above and as follows:
1. Modifications to Current Agreement . The Current Agreement is amended as follows:
(a) Section 3(f) is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:
(f) Personnel . BNYM will use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the stability and continuity of BNYM's performance of the services to the Company and the Fund. As such, BNYM will maintain a primary U.S. based contact knowledgeable of Virtus’ business that will support and oversee the various transfer agent services defined within the Agreement.
(b) Section 3(g) is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:
(g) Technology Services .
(1) BNYM will provide the Technology Services (as defined below) to the Investment Companies and Funds considered collectively as whole (" Virtus Group ") for the Technology Hours (as defined below) utilizing the Technology Resources (as defined below), and will assign a manager to supervise the Technology Resources when performing the Technology Services. For purposes of the foregoing:
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(i) " Technology Services " means: all functions, tasks or services specifically designated in this Agreement for performance by the Technology Resources; all design, coding, development, testing and implementation activities associated with the BNYM System for mutually agreed-upon enhancements to the BNYM System; all updates and upgrades of the BNYM System attributable to requirements unique to the Virtus Group; all routine updates and upgrades to the BNYM System accelerated at the request of the Virtus Group; all technology activities associated with conversions and deconversions, fund events, reporting, file transfers to third parties, requests for books and records of the Virtus Group, and the voice response system; and all other technology-related services or activities that BNYM reasonably determines appropriate for the performance of the services in accordance with the Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, “Technology Services” does not mean anything that does not relate specifically to the Virtus Group.
(ii) " Technology Hours " means 125 hours each calendar month allocated as evenly as practicable over each of the Business Days occurring during the particular calendar month.
(iii) " Technology Resources " means the computer programmers, analysts, testers and computer system subject matter experts determined to be appropriate from time to time by BNYM for performance of particular Technology Services, up to a maximum of 2 individuals at any one time.
(2) BNYM shall allocate the Technology Hours to be worked by computer programmers, analysts, testers and computer system subject matter experts on particular Technology Services, and shall allocate Technology Hours to particular Technology Services, in a manner that BNYM, acting in a commercially reasonable manner upon reasonable consultation with the Virtus Group, determines to be an effective allocation for performing all Technology Services in accordance with the priorities and timeframes that are mutually agreed to by BNYM and the Virtus Group (" Technology Allocations ").
(3) In the event the Virtus Group requests in writing that BNYM provide Technology Services in excess of the Technology Allocation and the request cannot be fulfilled by revising the Technology Allocation in a manner mutually agreeable to the Virtus Group and BNYM, BNYM will engage in commercially reasonable measures as BNYM, in its sole discretion, determines to be appropriate under the circumstances given its firm commitments to other clients and resource availability in the labor markets to open requisitions for additional personnel in response to the request and to fill the open requisitions resulting from such request; provided , however , BNYM shall not be required to utilize persons employed or subcontracted by BNYM at the time of the request and who are not already working on Technology Services to provide the Technology Services for the additional requested hours. Additional Technology Services will be payable by the Virtus Group at the Customization Rate set forth in the Fee Agreement.
(c) | Section 3(h) is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following: |
(h) Service Level Agreement. The service levels agreed upon by the Company and BNYM with respect to BNYM’s performance under Section 3(a) of this Agreement (“ Services ”) shall be set forth in a separate Service Level Agreement (“SLA Agreement”). The parties agree that the terms of the SLA may be amended from time to time by mutual written agreement. The terms of the SLA Agreement, as amended from time to time, shall apply as if fully set forth herein.
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(d) | Section 4(a) is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following: |
(a) Each party shall keep the Confidential Information (as defined in subsection (b) below) of the other party in confidence and will not use or disclose or allow access to or use of such Confidential Information except in connection with the activities contemplated by this Agreement as authorized by this Agreement or as otherwise expressly agreed in writing. Each party acknowledges that the Confidential Information of the disclosing party will remain the sole property of such party. In complying with the first sentence of this subsection (a), each party shall use at least the same degree of care it uses to protect its own confidential information, but in no event less than a commercially reasonable degree of care. For the avoidance of doubt, the parties agree that neither party shall be required to take commercially unreasonable measures to comply with this Section 4(a).
(e) | Section 5 is deleted in its entirety, and replaced in its entirety with the following: |
5. Privacy . Each party hereto acknowledges and agrees that, subject to the reuse and re-disclosure provisions of Regulation S-P, 17 CFR Part 248.11, it shall not disclose the non-public personal information of investors in the Fund obtained under this Agreement, except disclosures appropriate to carrying out the activities contemplated by this Agreement or as otherwise permitted by law or regulation. BNYM agrees to implement and maintain appropriate security measures to protect "personal information", as that term is defined in 201 CMR 17.00: Standards For The Protection Of Personal Information Of Residents Of The Commonwealth (" Massachusetts Privacy Regulation "), consistent with the Massachusetts Privacy Regulation and any applicable federal regulations. BNYM will implement and maintain a comprehensive information security program with written policies and procedures reasonably designed to protect the confidentiality and integrity of the non-public personal information of the Fund's current and former shareholders. The information security program will contain administrative, technical and physical safeguards reasonably designed to: (i) protect the security and confidentiality of such information; (ii) protect against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of such information; (iii) protect against unauthorized access to or use of such information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to individuals, and (iv) provide for appropriate disposal of such information. The electronic delivery or transmission by BNYM to the Company or the Fund of any reports containing the non-public personal information of investors in the Fund shall be made only in accordance with BNYM's information security program. BNYM agrees to provide Company with an opportunity to review BNYM’s information security program, and BNYM further agrees to act in good faith to address any issues that Company may have regarding BNYM’s information security program. To the extent that BNYM delegates any duties or responsibilities under this Agreement, and pursuant to such delegation BNYM discloses the non-public personal information of investors in the Fund to such delegee, BNYM shall ensure that such delegee is contractually bound to confidentiality and security terms consistent with and no less stringent than the terms of this Section 5. The provisions of this Section 5 shall survive termination of this Agreement.
BNYM shall notify the Fund of any unauthorized access to or use of or loss or theft of unencrypted Personal Information from BNYM's computer systems, from persons or property under BNYM's control, or due to any act or failure to act of BNYM, which in all such cases causes, is reasonably believed to have caused or is reasonably believed to pose a material risk of harm to an affected individual, including identity theft and fraud, or would require notification to affected individuals under applicable law or regulatory guideline (" Security Incident ") as promptly as practicable after BNYM has determined after a reasonable investigation that a Security Incident has occurred and shall promptly take commercially reasonable measures (i) to prevent any further unauthorized access to or use of or loss or theft of unencrypted personal information due to the Security Incident, and (ii) to prevent a recurrence of the events or circumstances underlying the Security Incident.
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(f) | The words "bad faith" in the last sentence of Section 8 are deleted and replaced with “lack of good faith.” |
(g) | Section 11(a) is deleted in its entirety, and replaced with the following: |
(a) Subject to the terms of this Section 11 and Section 12, BNYM shall be liable hereunder to the Company and the Investment Companies considered as a whole (" Company Group ") (or any person or entity claiming through the Company Group), and the Company Group shall be liable hereunder to BNYM (or any person or entity claiming through BNYM) for Loss the recovery of which is not otherwise excluded by another provision of this Agreement only to the extent the Loss is caused by such party’s intentional misconduct, reckless disregard, fraud or negligence in the performance of its duties under this Agreement (" Standard of Care "), only if the claiming party provides the other party with written notice of the Loss containing a reasonably detailed description of the amount of Loss, the conduct alleged to have caused the Loss and the provision of the Agreement with respect to which the failure to comply or breach is alleged. In the absence of a finding to the contrary, the acceptance, processing and/or negotiation of a fraudulent payment for the purchase of Shares shall be presumed not to have been a failure of BNYM to meet its Standard of Care.
(h) | Section 11(f) is deleted in its entirety, and replaced with the following: |
(f) NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THE AGREEMENT, EXCEPT SECTION 12, IN NO EVENT SHALL ANY PARTY HERETO, ITS AFFILIATES OR ANY OF ITS OR THEIR DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS OR SUBCONTRACTORS BE LIABLE UNDER ANY THEORY OF TORT, CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHER LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY FOR LOST PROFITS, FOR EXEMPLARY, PUNITIVE, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR FOR ANY OTHER DAMAGES WHICH ARE NOT DIRECT DAMAGES REGARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH DAMAGES WERE OR SHOULD HAVE BEEN FORESEEABLE AND REGARDLESS OF WHETHER ANY ENTITY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, ALL AND EACH OF WHICH DAMAGES IS HEREBY EXCLUDED BY AGREEMENT OF THE PARTIES. FOR PURPOSES OF CLARIFICATION: NO OTHER PROVISION OF THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE INTERPRETED TO CONDITION, LIMIT, MODIFY, NULLIFY OR OTHERWISE PREVAIL IN WHOLE OR IN PART OVER THIS SECTION 11(f) EXCEPT SECTION 12.
(i) | Section 11(g) is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following: |
(g) No party may assert a claim or cause of action (or, if applicable, commence an arbitration or other alternate dispute resolution proceeding) relating to this Agreement against any other party hereto or any of its affiliates more than the period set forth below after the first event or occurrence comprising the conduct or alleged conduct upon which the cause of action is based:
(i) | Claims relating to provisions other than Section 5: | 36 months | |
(ii) | Claims relating to Section 5: | 36 months |
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(j) | New Sections 11(k), (l), (m) and (n) are hereby added to the Current Agreement as follows: |
(k) If BNYM becomes aware of a matter that involves a check or draft drawn by a shareholder or a check or draft issued to a shareholder (or alternate payee) that is alleged to be fraudulently endorsed, with respect to which a signature guarantee, signature validation or other guarantee or certification is alleged to be fraudulently procured or tendered, or that involves any other matter relating to a payment instrument or system that may give rise to a claim under the Uniform Commercial Code as adopted by a particular State or Territory of the United States (" UCC ") or under a signature guarantee or other program, such as the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program, based on whole or in part on provisions of the UCC (" UCC Program "), BNYM will take commercially reasonable measures to investigate the matter (" Check Matter ") and if its fraud investigators reasonably determine at any time based solely on facts discovered during the investigation that a shareholder or the Fund may possess a valid claim under the UCC or otherwise to recover any amount from a bank or other financial institution expressly subject to the UCC, BNYM will when considered commercially reasonable under the UCC take measures to file a claim on behalf of a Fund for recovery of the relevant amount with the appropriate party (" Initial Claim "). BNYM will inform the Fund if the claim is denied in whole or in part, if any recovery is made or if BNYM gets no response to the claim, and in the event of any recovery will consult with the Fund with respect to the depositing of the recovered amount in a Service Account, the crediting of a shareholder account or any other appropriate conduct, and will provide reasonable cooperation at the Fund's cost and expense with any actions the Fund may subsequently elect to take to seek any further recovery. Absent conduct for which BNYM is liable under Section 11 in BNYM's processing of any underlying transaction, as between a Fund and BNYM, the Fund shall be solely responsible for any amounts not recovered or not capable of being recovered in a Check Matter, any market exposure (gain or loss) experienced by a shareholder or the Fund as a result of a Check Matter, any fraud or similar conduct not constituting a Check Matter or involving a forged or unauthorized drawer signature or altered instrument, and all costs and expenses of seeking any recovery in a Check Matter other than costs associated with filing any Initial Claim. This Section 11(k) sets forth the sole responsibility of BNYM with respect to the matters addressed herein.
(l) BNYM shall be entitled to rely on, and engage in conduct based upon, its reasonable interpretation of " Legal Authority " (which is hereby defined to mean all laws and all regulations, rules, legal process and other acts and communications of an official nature of governmental, quasi-governmental bodies, regulatory and self-regulatory bodies) and “Legal Counsel” (which is hereby defined to mean the reasoned analysis, advice or opinion of a law firm with an office in Washington D.C. or New York, NY and a Securities Law department or practice group), including such reliance and conduct in circumstances when available Legal Authority is in conflict or does not provide unambiguous precedent or guidance. BNYM may rely and act in accordance with its reasonable interpretation of Legal Counsel notwithstanding the existence or availability of a differing legal analysis, advice or opinions or of different interpretations of the relevant Legal Authority. For the avoidance of doubt, such conduct is included within the conduct described in clause (b) of Section 12 and the rights described in Section 12 apply in the event the Fund requests that BNYM engage in conduct other than in accordance with BNYM's reasonable interpretation of Legal Authority or Legal Counsel and BNYM engages in such conduct.
(m) In connection with any legal action by one party to this Agreement against another party to this Agreement where one party files papers initiating the legal action in a court of law or equity (" Litigation Dispute "), no party to this Agreement shall be liable to any other party to this Agreement for any costs or expenses of any nature related to legal counsel or legal representation, including without limitation costs and expenses associated with litigation, court costs, costs of arbitration, discovery, experts, settlement and investigation that arise in connection with a Litigation Dispute. Each party shall bear its own such costs and expenses related to a Litigation Dispute.
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(n) The following events shall be the responsibility of the Fund and shall be presumed not to constitute breach by BNYM of its Standard of Care provided BNYM reasonably complies with applicable written procedures:
(i) The acceptance, processing, negotiation or crediting to an account of a fraudulent payment (such as a check, permissible cash equivalent, ACH transfer, wire transfer) for the purchase of Shares; or
(ii) Multiple deposit, negotiation or other taking possession of the proceeds of a distribution, such as a deposit through a mobile checking application combined with the cashing of a payment instrument at a check cashing agency.
(k) | Section 11(k) in the Current Agreement is hereby relettered as Section 11(o). |
(l) | Section 12 is hereby deleted in its entirety, and replaced in its entirety with the following: |
12. Indemnification. Except with respect to matters where BNYM has breached its Standard of Care, the Fund agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless BNYM and its affiliates, and to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Custodian and its affiliates in connection with services it provides pursuant to Section 3(a)(12), and the respective directors, trustees, officers, agents and employees of each, from any and all Losses and all attorneys’ fees, court costs, travel costs and other reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses related to the investigation, discovery, litigation, settlement, mediation or alternative dispute resolution of any Claim arising directly or indirectly from: (a) conduct of the Company or a Fund in connection with activities contemplated by this Agreement, or the conduct of a Company or Fund contractor, subcontractor or prior service provider in connection with providing services to the Company or a Fund; (b) conduct of BNYM as agent of the Company or a Fund not constituting a breach of its Standard of Care; (c) conduct of BNYM pursuant to a Fund Communication or in reliance on written legal analysis or advice, provided BNYM's performance of the conduct shall remain subject to the Standard of Care; (d) a course of conduct taken by BNYM pursuant to Section 10(i) due to a Response Failure; and (e) a Fund Error. Except with respect to matters where BNYM has breached its Standard of Care, BNYM shall have no liability to the Company or any person claiming through the Company for any Loss caused in whole or in part by any conduct described in the preceding sentence. This Section 12 shall survive termination of this Agreement.
(m) | The Current Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Section 13(b) and replacing it in its entirety with the following: |
(b) This Agreement shall automatically renew on the final day of the Initial Term for an additional term which will continue until September 18, 2022, and thereafter the Agreement shall automatically renew on each anniversary of September 18, 2022 for a one year period (each of the automatic renewal terms being a " Renewal Term "), unless the Company, the Fund or BNYM gives written notice to each other party of its intent not to renew and such notice is received by each other party not less than sixty (60) days prior to the expiration of the then-current Renewal Term (a " Non- Renewal Notice "). In the event a party provides a Non-Renewal Notice, this Agreement shall terminate at 11:59 PM (Eastern Time) on the last day of the Renewal Term. A Non-Renewal Notice from the Company shall constitute notice of termination of the Agreement in its entirety for the Company and all Funds and a Non-Renewal Notice from a Fund shall constitute a notice of termination of the Agreement solely with respect to the Fund providing the Non-Renewal Notice.
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(n) | Section 20(a) is hereby deleted in its entirety, and replaced in its entirety with the following: |
(a) Entire Agreement . This Agreement, including other agreements or documents specifically referenced herein, embodies the final, complete, exclusive and fully integrated record of the agreement of the parties on the subject matter herein and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings relating to such subject matter, provided that the parties may embody in one or more separate documents their agreement, if any, with respect to delegated duties.
(o) | Schedule A is hereby deleted in its entirety, and replaced with the Schedule A attached hereto. |
2. Remainder of Current Agreement . Except as specifically modified by this Amendment, all terms and conditions of the Current Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.
3. Governing Law . The governing law of the Current Agreement shall be the governing law of this Amendment.
4. Entire Agreement . This Amendment constitutes the final, complete, exclusive and fully integrated record of the agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter herein and the amendment of the Current Agreement.
5. Facsimile Signatures; Counterparts . This Amendment may be executed in one more counterparts; such execution of counterparts may occur by manual signature, facsimile signature, manual signature transmitted by means of facsimile transmission or manual signature contained in an imaged document attached to an email transmission; and each such counterpart executed in accordance with the foregoing shall be deemed an original, with all such counterparts together constituting one and the same instrument. The exchange of executed copies of this Amendment or of executed signature pages to this Amendment by facsimile transmission or as an imaged document attached to an email transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery hereof and may be used for all purposes in lieu of a manually executed copy of this Amendment.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed by their duly authorized officers, as of the day and year first above written.
BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. | Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust | |||
Virtus Asset Trust | ||||
By: | /s/ Armando Fernandez | Virtus Equity Trust | ||
Virtus Insight Trust | ||||
Name: | Armando Fernandez | Virtus Opportunities Trust | ||
Virtus Retirement Trust | ||||
Title: | Vice President | On behalf of each Fund in its individual and | ||
separate capacity, and not on behalf of any | ||||
other Fund | ||||
By: | /s/ Heidi Griswold | |||
Virtus Fund Services, LLC | Name: | Heidi Griswold | ||
By: | /s/ Heidi Griswold | Title: | VP, Mutual Fund Services | |
Name: | Heidi Griswold | |||
Title: | VP, Mutual Fund Services |
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SCHEDULE A
Definitions
As used in this Agreement:
" 1933 Act " means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
" 1934 Act " means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
" 1940 Act " means Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
" Affiliate " means an entity controlled by, controlling or under common control with the subject entity, with “control” for this purpose defined to mean direct or beneficial ownership of 50% or more of the equity interests of an entity and possession of the power to elect 50% or more of the entity's directors, trustees or similar persons performing policy-making functions.
" Authorized Person " means Company Authorized Persons and Fund Authorized Persons considered collectively or individually. Any limitation on the authority of an Authorized Person to give Instructions must be expressly set forth in a written document signed by BNYM and the party imposing the restriction.
" BNY Mellon Bank " means The Bank of New York Mellon, a New York chartered commercial bank and affiliate of BNYM, and its lawful successors and assigns.
" Claim " means any claim, demand, suit, action, obligation, liability, suit, controversy, breach, proceeding or allegation of any nature, including any threat of any of the foregoing (including but not limited to those arising out of or related to this Agreement) and regardless of the form of action or legal theory or forum.
" Code " means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
" Company Authorized Person " means any officer of the Company and any other person duly authorized by the Company in a manner reasonably satisfactory to BNYM to give Instructions on behalf of the Company.
" conduct " or " course of conduct " means a single act, two or more acts, a single instance of an action not being taken or of forbearance given, two or more instances of an action not being taken or of forbearance given, or any combination of the foregoing.
" FinCEN " means the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the U.S. Department of the Treasury.
" Fund Authorized Person " means any officer of a Fund and any other person duly authorized by the Fund in a manner reasonably satisfactory to BNYM to give Instructions on behalf of the Fund.
" Fund Error " means the Fund or a third party acting on behalf of the Fund or conveying Fund data or information committing an error, furnishing inaccurate, incorrect or incomplete data or information to BNYM or PFPC Trust or by other act or omission requiring Remediation.
" Fund Shares " (see "Shares")
" Instructions " means Oral Instructions and Written Instructions considered collectively or individually.
" Intellectual Property Rights " means copyright, patent, trade secret, trademark and any other proprietary or intellectual property rights.
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" Investment Company " means an entity registered with the SEC under the 1940 Act as an open end investment company.
" Loss " and " Losses " means any one, or any series of related, losses, costs, damages, expenses, awards, judgments, assessments, fines, penalties, payments, reimbursements, adverse consequences, liabilities or obligations of any nature, including without limitation any of the foregoing arising out of any Claim and all costs of litigation or threatened litigation such as but not limited to court costs, costs of counsel, discovery, experts, settlement and investigation.
" Loss Date " means the date of occurrence of the event or circumstance causing a particular Loss, or the date of occurrence of the first event or circumstance in a series of events or circumstances causing a particular Loss.
" Oral Instructions " means oral instructions received by BNYM from an Authorized Person or from a person reasonably believed by BNYM to be an Authorized Person. BNYM may, in its sole discretion in each separate instance, consider and rely upon instructions it receives from an Authorized Person via electronic mail as Oral Instructions.
" PFPC Trust " means PFPC Trust Company, an affiliate of BNYM, and its lawful successors and assigns.
" Portfolio " means each separate subdivision of the Investment Company, whether characterized or structured as a portfolio, class, tier, series or otherwise.
" Remediation Services " means the additional services required to be provided hereunder by BNYM or PFPC Trust in connection with a Fund Error in order to correct, remediate, adjust, reprocess, repeat, reverse or otherwise modify conduct previously taken in accordance with the Agreement to achieve the outcome originally intended by the previous conduct.
" SEC " means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
" Securities Laws " means the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act and the 1940 Act.
" Service Effective Date " means the date, following the completion of all implementation services, in the event the Fund is a new start-up Fund, or following the completion of all conversion services, in the event BNYM will be providing services to the Fund as a successor to a prior service provider, that the first live transaction is processed by the BNYM System for the Fund on a production basis.
" Shareholder Materials " means the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional information and any other materials relating to the Fund provided to Fund shareholders by the Fund.
" Shares " or " Fund Shares " means the shares or other units of beneficial interest of each Fund.
" Written Instructions " means (1) written instructions (i) which are signed by a Company Authorized Person (or a person reasonably believed by BNYM to be an Company Authorized Person), and if the written instructions apply to a specific Fund, written instructions signed by a Fund Authorized Person of the relevant Fund (or a person reasonably believed by BNYM to be such a Fund Authorized Person), (ii) which are agreed to in writing by BNYM on the instrument containing the written instructions, (iii) which are addressed to and received by BNYM, and (iv) which are delivered by (A) hand (personally delivery by the Authorized Person), (B) private messenger, U.S. Postal Service or overnight national courier which provides confirmation of receipt with respect to the particular delivery, or (C) facsimile sending device which provides automatic confirmation of the standard details of receipt, or (2) trade instructions transmitted to and received by BNYM by means of an electronic transaction reporting system which requires use of a password or other authorized identifier in order to gain access.
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INDEX OF DEFINED TERMS
(excludes terms defined in Schedule D solely for Schedule D)
Term | Location |
1933 Act | Schedule A |
1934 Act | Schedule A |
1940 Act | Schedule A |
314(a) Procedures | § 3(b)(4) |
403(b) Accounts | § 3(a)(12)(E) |
Account | Schedule C, § (b)(i)(G) |
Account Documentation | § 3(a)(12)(C)(iii) |
Affiliate | Schedule A |
Agreement | Preamble |
AML | § 3(b)(l) |
AML Services | § 3(b) |
Applicable Laws | § 20(k) |
Appropriate List Matching Data | § 3(b)(5)(C) |
Audit Report | Schedule C, § (b)(iv) |
Authorized Person | Schedule A |
BNY Mellon Bank | Schedule A |
BNYM | Preamble |
BNYM System | § 7 |
Bona Fide Reason | § 10(c) |
Breach Notice | § 13(c) |
Breach Termination Notice | § 13(c) |
Change in Control | § 13(d)(iv) |
Check Matter | § 11(k) |
CIP Regulations | § 3(b)(3)(A) |
Claim | Schedule A |
Code | Schedule A |
Company | Preamble |
conduct | Schedule A |
Confidential Information | § 4(b) |
Company Authorized Person | Schedule A |
Company Group | § 11(a) |
Comparison Results | § 3(b)(4) |
Controls | Schedule C, § (b)(i) |
Conversion Actions | § 13(e) |
Conversion Expenses | § 13(e) |
course of conduct | Schedule A |
Covered Account | Schedule C, § (b)(i)(F) |
Covered Person | Schedule C, § (b)(i)(D) |
Custodian | § 3(a)(12)(C) |
Customer | § 3(b)(3)(A)(i) |
Custodied Account | § 3(a)(12)(C) |
Data Elements | § 3(b)(3)(A)(i) |
Day 2 Services | § 3(l) |
Defaulting Party | § 13(c) |
Direct Account | Schedule C, § (b)(i)(E) |
Director | § 3(b)(5)(A)(iii) |
Dissolution Event | § 9(g) |
Early Termination | § 13(d) |
Early Termination Fee | § 13(d)(ii)(A) |
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Early Termination Fee Multiple | § 13(d)(ii)(A) |
Effective Date | Preamble |
Eligible Assets | § 3(a)(12)(A)(i) |
Event Beyond Reasonable Control | § 11(d) |
Exception Research | § 14(b)(i) |
Exception Services | § 14(b) |
Excess SDFS Amount | § 9(b)(ii)(B) |
External Research | § 10(d)(i) |
Fee Agreement | § 9(a) |
Fees | § 9(a) |
FFI Regulations | § 3(b)(2)(A) |
Final Distribution | § 9(h) |
Final Expenses | § 9(h) |
FinCEN | Schedule A |
Foreign Financial Institution | § 3(b)(2)(A)(i) |
Form | § 10(b) |
Fund | Background |
Fund Applicable Laws | § 3(b)(11) |
Fund Authorized Person | Schedule A |
Fund Communication | § 10(g) |
Fund Custodian | § 3(a)(1)(xiii) |
Fund Data | § 3(b)(5)(A) |
Fund Error | Schedule A |
Fund Registry | Schedule C, § (b)(i)(C) |
Fund Shares | Schedule A |
Identity Theft | Schedule C, § (b)(i)(B) |
Industry Standard | § 14(a) |
Information Requests | § 3(b)(4) |
Initial Claim | § 11(k) |
Initial Term | § 13(a) |
Instructions | Schedule A |
Intellectual Property Rights | Schedule A |
Internal Research | § 10(d)(i) |
Investment Company | Preamble |
Legal Authority | § 11(l) |
Legal Counsel | § 11(l) |
Legal Process | § 3(b)(6) |
Litigation Dispute | § 11(m) |
Loss, Losses | Schedule A |
Loss Date | Schedule A |
Lost Shareholder Rule | § 3(a)(11)(A) |
Massachusetts Privacy Regulation | § 5 |
Material Event | § 3(a)(12)(C)(i) |
NCCT List | § 3(b)(5)(A)(ii) |
Non-Defaulting Party | § 13(c) |
Non-Renewal Notice | § 13(b) |
Non-Standard Instruction | § 10(c) |
OFAC | § 3(b)(5)(A)(i) |
OFAC Lists | § 3(b)(5)(A)(i) |
Oral Instructions | Schedule A |
Participants | § 3(a)(12)(A)(ii) |
PFPC Trust | Schedule A |
PMLC Determination | § 3(b)(5)(A)(iii) |
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Portfolio | Schedule A |
Possible Identity Theft | Schedule C, § (b)(iii) |
Prior Provider De-Conversion Expenses | § 13(d)(ii)(B) |
Red Flag | Schedule C, § (b)(i)(A) |
Red Flags Requirements | Schedule C, § (c) |
Red Flags Section | Schedule C, § (a) |
Red Flags Services | Schedule C, § (b) |
Registered Owner | Schedule C, § (b)(i)(C) |
Reimbursable Expenses | § 9(a) |
Related Materials | § 3(a)(12)(C)(iv) |
Related Parties | § 3(a)(12)(C)(iii) |
Remediation Services | Schedule A |
Removed Assets | § 13(d)(vi) |
Renewal Term | § 13(b) |
Research | § 10(d)(i) |
Response Failure | § 10(i) |
SAR | § 3(b)(7) |
SAR Confidential Information | § 3(b)(7) |
SDFS Accounts | § 9(b)(ii)(A) |
SEC | Schedule A |
Securities Data | § 11(i) |
Securities Laws | Schedule A |
Service Accounts | § 9(b) |
Service Effective Date | Schedule A |
Service Indemnifications | § 20(m) |
Service Levels | § 3 (h)(a) |
Services | § 3(h)(a) |
Shareholder Materials | Schedule A |
Shares | Schedule A |
SLA Failure | § 3(h)(b)(1) |
Standard Instructions | § 10(b) |
Standard of Care | § 11(a) |
Tax Favored Account | § 3(a)(12)(A)(iii) |
Technology Allocations | § (3)(f)(2) |
Technology Hours | § (3)(f)(1)(ii) |
Technology Resources | § (3)(f)(1)(iii) |
Technology Services | § (3)(f)(1)(i) |
Third Party Institution | § 9(b) |
UCC | § 11(k) |
UCC Program | § 11(k) |
U.S. Government Lists | § 3(b)(5)(A) |
UCITA | § 20(f) |
Virtus Group | § (3)(f)(1) |
Written Instructions | Schedule A |
Written Procedures | § 14(a) |
[End of Schedule A]
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Exhibit h.4.l
EXECUTION
JOINDER AGREEMENT AND AMENDMENT
TO
SUB-ADMINISTRATION AND ACCOUNTING SERVICES AGREEMENT
This Joinder Agreement and Amendment dated September 21 , 2017 and effective October 9, 2017 is by and among Virtus Fund Services, LLC (“Company”), the trusts known as Virtus Mutual Funds listed on Exhibit A, Virtus Variable Insurance Trust and Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust (each, a “Fund” and together, the “Funds”) and The Bank of New York Mellon (as assigned from BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. on or about June 30, 2017) (“BNY Mellon”).
BACKGROUND:
A. | Company, Virtus Mutual Funds and BNY Mellon are parties to a Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated as of January 1, 2010, as amended (the “Agreement”), relating to BNY Mellon’s provision of certain sub-administration and accounting services to the Funds’ investment portfolios listed on Exhibit B to the Agreement (each, a “Portfolio”). Joinder Agreements and Amendments to the Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement were entered into among the parties on February 24, 2014, December 10, 2015, July 27, 2016 and April __, 2017 for the purpose of amending the Agreement and adding or removing certain Funds. |
B. | The parties desire to amend the Agreement as set forth herein. |
C. | This Background section is incorporated by reference into and made a part of this Amendment. |
TERMS:
The parties hereby agree that:
1. | By executing this Agreement, Company, each Fund and BNY Mellon agree to become a party to, and be bound by, and to comply with the terms of the Agreement in the same manner as if each of the undersigned were an original signatory to the Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, each investment company listed at Exhibit A shall be considered to have a separate agreement with Company and BNY Mellon and hereby appoints BNY Mellon to provide administration and accounting services in accordance with the terms set forth in the Agreement. BNY Mellon accepts such appointment and agrees to furnish such services |
2. | The first and second sentences in Section 15 of the Agreement, as amended by the Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated April __, 2017, are hereby deleted and replaced with the following: |
“This Agreement shall continue through October 9, 2022 (the “Initial Term”). Thereafter, this Agreement shall continue automatically for a successive term of one (1) year (“Renewal Term”); provided however, that this Agreement may be terminated at the end of its Initial Term or any subsequent date by BNY Mellon upon 90 days’ prior written notice to the other parties, and by Company or the Funds upon 60 days’ prior written notice to BNY Mellon.”
EXECUTION
3. | The second paragraph of Section 15 of the Agreement, as amended by the Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated April __, 2017, is hereby deleted and replaced with the following: |
“In addition, Company may terminate this Agreement prior to the end of the Initial Term or any Renewal Term in accordance with the Service Level Standards dated October 9, 2017 as agreed to among the parties.”
4. | For clarity, as of the effective date of this Amendment the Agreement shall be deemed to be in its “Initial Term” (as defined in Section 1 above) rather than in a “Renewal Term.” |
5. | Exhibit A to the Agreement shall be amended and restated as attached hereto. |
6. | Exhibit B to the Agreement shall be amended and restated as attached hereto. |
7. | Miscellaneous. |
(a) | As amended and supplemented hereby, the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. |
(b) | This Amendment may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. The facsimile signature of any party to this Amendment shall constitute the valid and binding execution hereof by such party. |
[Signature page follows.]
EXECUTION
IN WITNESS WHEREOF , each party hereto has caused this Amendment to be executed by its duly authorized representatives designated below as of the day and year first above written.
THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON
By: | _ /s/ Armando Fernandez _ |
Name: | _ Armando Fernandez ___ |
Title: | _ Vice President ________ |
VIRTUS FUND SERVICES, LLC
By: | _ /s/ Amy Hackett _______ |
Name: | __ Amy Hackett ________ |
Title: | _ VP __________________ |
VIRTUS MUTUAL FUNDS:
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
VIRTUS ASSET TRUST
VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST
VIRTUS OPPORTUNITIES TRUST
VIRTUS RETIREMENT TRUST
VIRTUS VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST
By: | _ /s/ Amy Hackett _______ |
Name: | __ Amy Hackett ________ |
Title: | _ VP __________________ |
EXECUTION
EXHIBIT A
THIS EXHIBIT A, dated ____________, 2017 is Exhibit A to that certain Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated as of January 1, 2010, as amended, by and among Virtus Fund Services, LLC, the investment companies as listed below and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc.
FUNDS
VIRTUS MUTUAL FUNDS
Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust
Virtus Asset Trust
Virtus Equity Trust
Virtus Opportunities Trust
Virtus Retirement Trust
Virtus Variable Insurance Trust
EXECUTION
EXHIBIT B
THIS EXHIBIT B, dated ___________ ___, 2017 is Exhibit B to that certain Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated as of January 1, 2010, as amended, by and among Virtus Services, LLC, each of the investment companies and the Portfolios listed below and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc.
PORTFOLIOS
Virtus Asset Trust
Virtus Ceredex Large-Cap Value Equity Fund
Virtus Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity Fund
Virtus Ceredex Small-Cap Value Equity Fund
Virtus Silvant Large-Cap Growth Stock Fund
Virtus Silvant Small-Cap Growth Stock Fund
Virtus Zevenbergen Innovative Growth Stock Fund
Virtus WCM International Equity Fund
Virtus Conservative Allocation Strategy Fund
Virtus Growth Allocation Strategy Fund
Virtus Seix U.S. Mortgage Fund
Virtus Seix Limited Duration Fund
Virtus Seix Core Bond Fund
Virtus Seix Corporate Bond Fund
Virtus Seix Total Return Bond Fund
Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond Fund
Virtus Seix U.S. Government Securities Ultra-Short Bond Fund
Virtus Seix Ultra-Short Bond Fund
Virtus Seix Floating Rate High Income Fund
Virtus Seix High Income Fund
Virtus Seix High Yield Fund
Virtus Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
Virtus Seix High Grade Municipal Bond Fund
Virtus Seix Investment Grade Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
Virtus Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond Fund
Virtus Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund
EXECUTION
Virtus Equity Trust
Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Balanced Fund)
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund
Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Growth & Income Fund)
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Mid-Cap Core Fund)
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Mid-Cap Growth Fund)
Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund
(formerly Virtus Quality Large-Cap Value Fund*)
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Quality Small-Cap Fund)
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Core Fund)
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Sustainable Growth Fund)
Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund*
(formerly Virtus Strategic Growth*)
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund*
Virtus Opportunities Trust
Virtus Newfleet Bond Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Bond Fund)
Virtus Newfleet CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund*
(formerly, Virtus CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund)
Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund)
Virtus KAR Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund)
Virtus Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Foreign Opportunities Fund)
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Infrastructure Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Global Infrastructure Fund)
Virtus Vontobel Global Opportunities Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Global Opportunities Fund)
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Global Real Estate Securities Fund)
Virtus Vontobel Greater European Opportunities Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Greater European Opportunities Fund)
EXECUTION
Virtus Herzfeld Fund*
Virtus Newfleet High Yield Fund*
(formerly, Virtus High Yield Fund)
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Equity Fund*
(formerly, Virtus International Equity Fund)
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Real Estate Securities Fund*
(formerly, Virtus International Real Estate Securities Fund)
Virtus KAR International Small Cap Fund*
(formerly, Virtus International Small Cap Fund)
Virtus Horizon International Wealth Masters Fund
(formerly, Virtus International Wealth Masters Fund)
Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Low Duration Income Fund)
Virtus Rampart Low Volatility Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Low Volatility Equity Fund*)
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund)
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund)
Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Real Estate Securities Fund)
Virtus Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Senior Floating Rate Fund)
Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Tax-Exempt Bond Fund)
Virtus Horizon Wealth Masters Fund*
(formerly, Virtus Wealth Masters Fund)
Virtus Alternatives Diversifier Fund*
Virtus Sector Trend Fund
Virtus Equity Trend Fund
Virtus Multi-Asset Trend Fund
Virtus Global Equity Trend Fund
Virtus Retirement Trust
Virtus DFA 2015 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
Virtus DFA 2020 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
Virtus DFA 2025 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
Virtus DFA 2030 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
Virtus DFA 2035 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
Virtus DFA 2040 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
EXECUTION
Virtus DFA 2045 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
Virtus DFA 2050 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
Virtus DFA 2055 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
Virtus DFA 2060 Target Date Retirement Income Fund
VIRTUS VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST
Virtus KAR Capital Growth Series*
(formerly, Virtus Capital Growth Series)
Virtus Growth & Income Series*
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Series*
(formerly, Virtus International Series)
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Series*
(formerly, Virtus Multi-Sector Fixed Income Series)
Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Series
Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Series*
(formerly, Virtus Real Estate Securities Series)
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Series*
(formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Growth Series)
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Series*
(formerly, Virtus Small-Cap Value Series)
Virtus Strategic Allocation Series*
VIRTUS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRUST
Virtus Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund
(formerly, Virtus Credit Opportunities Fund)
Virtus Duff & Phelps Select MLP Energy Fund
(formerly, Virtus Select MLP and Energy Fund)
Virtus Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund
(formerly, Virtus Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund)
*For those Portfolios denoted with an asterisk, BNY Mellon performed the regulatory administration services described in Section 14(b) of the Agreement through April 15, 2014. Thereafter, BNY Mellon ceased performing regulatory administration services under the Agreement.
Exhibit h.5
REVISED FIFTEENTH AMENDED AND RESTATED
EXPENSE LIMITATION AGREEMENT
VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST
This Revised Fifteenth Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement (the “Agreement”), effective as of July 31, 2017, amends and restates that certain Fifteenth Amended & Restated Expense Limitation Agreement effective as of July 31, 2017, by and between Virtus Equity Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Registrant”), on behalf of each series of the Registrant listed in Appendix A (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) and the Adviser of each of the Funds, Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc., a Massachusetts corporation (the “Adviser”).
WHEREAS, the Adviser renders advice and services to the Funds pursuant to the terms and provisions of one or more Investment Advisory Agreements entered into between the Registrant and the Adviser (the “Advisory Agreement”);
WHEREAS, the Adviser desires to maintain the expenses of each Fund at a level below the level to which each such Fund might otherwise be subject; and
WHEREAS, the Adviser understands and intends that the Registrant will rely on this Agreement in accruing the expenses of the Registrant for purposes of calculating net asset value and for other purposes, and expressly permits the Registrant to do so.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. | Limit on Fund Expenses. The Adviser has agreed to limit the respective rate of Total Fund Operating Expenses (“Expense Limit”) for each Fund as specified in Appendix A of this Agreement, for the time period indicated. |
2. | Definitions. |
2.1. | For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Total Fund Operating Expenses” with respect to a Fund is defined to include all expenses necessary or appropriate for the operation of the Fund including the Adviser’s investment advisory or management fee under the Advisory Agreement and other expenses described in the Advisory Agreement that the Fund is responsible for and have not been assumed by the Adviser, but excludes front-end or contingent deferred loads, taxes, leverage expenses, interest, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, unusual or infrequently occurring expenses (such as litigation), acquired fund fees and expenses, and dividend expenses, if any. |
3. | Recoupment and Recapture of Fees and Expenses. Each Fund has agreed to reimburse the Adviser and/or certain of its affiliates (collectively, “Virtus”) out of assets belonging to the relevant class of the Fund for any Total Fund Operating Expenses of the relevant class of the Fund in excess of the Expense Limit paid, waived or assumed by Virtus for that Fund, provided that Virtus would not be entitled to reimbursement for any amount that would cause Total Fund Operating Expenses to exceed either the Expense Limit in place at the time of the applicable waiver or assumption of expenses by Virtus or, if less, any contractual Expense Limit in place at the time that the reimbursement would be made, and provided further that no amount would be reimbursed by the Fund more than three years after the date on which it was incurred or waived by Virtus. The terms, conditions and rights of this section shall survive any termination of this Agreement. |
4. | Term, Termination and Modification. This Agreement is effective for the time period indicated on Appendix A, unless sooner terminated as provided below in this Paragraph. This Agreement may be terminated by mutual agreement of the parties at any time or by the Registrant on behalf of any one or more of the Funds upon thirty (30) days’ written notice to the Adviser. In addition, this Agreement shall terminate with respect to a Fund upon termination of the Advisory Agreement with respect to such Fund. |
5. | Assignment. This Agreement and all rights and obligations hereunder may not be assigned without the written consent of the other party. |
6. | Severability. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute or rule, or shall otherwise be rendered invalid, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby. |
7. | Captions. The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define or limit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect. |
8. | Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of Delaware without giving effect to the conflict of laws principles thereof; provided that nothing herein shall be construed to preempt, or to be inconsistent with, any Federal securities law, regulation or rule, including the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended and any rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. |
9. | Computation. If the fiscal year-to-date Total Fund Operating Expenses of a Fund or Other Expenses, as applicable, at the end of any month during which this Agreement is in effect exceed the Expense Limit for that Fund (the “Excess Amount”), the Adviser shall (at its option) waive or reduce its fee under the Advisory Agreement and/or remit to that Fund an amount that is sufficient to pay the Excess Amount computed on the last day of the month. |
10. | Liability. Virtus agrees that it shall look only to the assets of the relevant class of each respective relevant Fund for performance of this Agreement and for payment of any claim Virtus may have hereunder, and neither any other Fund (including the other series of the Registrant) or class of the Fund, nor any of the Registrant’s trustees, officers, employees, agents or shareholders, whether past, present or future, shall be personally liable therefor. |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed by their duly authorized officers.
VIRTUS EQUITY TRUST | VIRTUS INVESTMENT ADVISERS, INC. | |||
By: | /s/ W. Patrick Bradley | By: | /s/ Francis G. Waltman | |
W. Patrick Bradley | Francis G. Waltman | |||
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | Executive Vice President |
APPENDIX A
Contractual Expense Limitations*
Virtus Mutual Fund | Total Fund Operating Expense Limit | Term | ||||||||||||||||||||
Class A |
Class C |
Class I |
Class R6 |
Class T |
||||||||||||||||||
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund | 1.48 | % | 2.23 | % | 1.23 | % | 1.06 | % | 1.48 | % |
Through July 31, 2018
|
|||||||||||
Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund | 1.47 | % | 2.22 | % | 1.22 | % | — | 1.47 | % | Through July 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||
Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund | 1.35 | % | 2.10 | % | 1.10 | % | — | 1.35 | % | Through July 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund | 1.20 | % | 1.95 | % | 0.95 | % | — | 1.20 | % |
Through July 31, 2018
|
||||||||||||
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund | 1.40 | % | 2.15 | % | 1.15 | % | — | 1.40 | % | Through July 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund | 1.50 | % | 2.25 | % | 1.25 | % | — | 1.50 | % | Through July 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund | 1.42 | % | 2.17 | % | 1.17 | % | 1.06 | % | 1.42 | % |
Through July 31, 2018
|
|||||||||||
Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund | 1.20 | % | 1.95 | % | 0.95 | % | — | 1.20 | % | Through July 31, 2018 |
*Following the contractual period, VIA may discontinue these arrangements at any time. Under certain conditions, the adviser may recapture operating expenses reimbursed under these arrangements for a period of three years after the date on which it was incurred or waived by Virtus.
Exhibit n.1
VIRTUS FUNDS
AMENDED AND RESTATED
PLAN PURSUANT TO RULE 18f-3
under the
INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
INTRODUCTION
The Purpose of this Plan is to specify the attributes of the classes of shares of the funds of Virtus Funds including the expense allocations, conversion features and exchange features of each class, as required by Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"). The Virtus Funds are comprised of several trusts (each a “Trust” and collectively the “Trusts”) which in turn are comprised of a number of funds (each a “Fund” and collectively the “Funds”) offering various classes of shares, all of which are listed on the attached Schedule A. In general, shares of each class will have the same rights and obligations except for one or more expense variables (which will result in different yields, dividends and net asset values for the different classes), certain related voting and other rights, exchange privileges, conversion rights and class designation.
GENERAL FEATURES OF THE CLASSES
Shares of each class of a Fund of the Trusts shall represent an equal pro rata interest in such Fund and, generally, shall have identical voting, dividend, liquidation and other rights, preferences, powers, restrictions, limitations, qualifications, designations and terms and conditions, except that: (a) each class shall have a different designation; (b) each class shall bear any class expenses; (c) each class shall have exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to its arrangement and each class shall have separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of any other class; and (d) each class may have different exchange and/or conversion features.
ALLOCATION OF INCOME AND EXPENSES
i. | General. |
The gross income, realized and unrealized capital gains and losses and expenses (other than Class Expenses, as defined below) of each Fund shall be allocated to each class on the basis of its net asset value relative to the net asset value of the Fund.
ii. | Class Expenses. |
Expenses attributable to a particular class ("Class Expenses") shall be limited to Rule 12b-1, shareholder servicing fees, sub-transfer agency fees, certain transfer agency fees and such other expenses as designated by the Trusts’ Treasurer, subject to Board approval and/or ratification. Class Expenses shall be allocated to the class for which they are incurred.
In the event that a particular Class Expense is no longer reasonably allocable by class or to a particular class, it shall be treated as a Fund expense and in the event a Fund expense becomes allocable as a Class Expense, it shall be so allocated, subject to compliance with Rule 18f-3 and Board approval or ratification.
The initial determination of expenses that will be allocated as Class Expenses and any subsequent changes thereto as set forth in this Plan shall be reviewed by the Board of Trustees and approved by such Board and by a majority of the Trustees who are not "interested persons" of the Funds, as defined in the 1940 Act ("Independent Trustees").
DESIGNATION OF THE CLASSES AND SPECIFIC FEATURES
Types of classes of each of the Funds may include: “A Shares”, “C Shares”, “C1 Shares”, “I Shares”, “R Shares”, “R6 Shares”, and “T Shares”. To the extent that more than one class is offered by a Fund, each class of such Fund has a different arrangement for shareholder services or distribution or both, as follows:
A SHARES
A Shares are offered at net asset value plus an initial sales charge as set forth in the then current prospectuses of a Fund. The initial sales charge may be waived or reduced on certain types of purchases as set forth in the Fund's then current prospectus. In certain cases, A Shares are also offered subject to a contingent deferred sales charge (subject to certain reductions or eliminations of the sales charge as described in the applicable prospectus). A Shares of a Fund are also subject to a Rule 12b-1 fee as described in the Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information. A Shares do not have an automatic conversion feature.
C SHARES
C Shares of a Fund are offered at net asset value without the imposition of an initial sales charge but may be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge. C Shares are also subject to a Rule 12b-1 fee as described in the Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information. C Shares do not have an automatic conversion feature.
C1 SHARES
C1 Shares of a Fund are offered at net asset value without the imposition of an initial sales charge but may be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge. C1 Shares are also subject to a Rule 12b-1 fee as described in the Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information. C1 Shares do not have an automatic conversion feature.
I SHARES
I Shares of a Fund are offered at net asset value without the imposition of any sales charge, Rule 12b-1 or shareholder servicing fees. I Shares do not have an automatic conversion feature.
R SHARES
R Shares of a Fund are offered at net asset value without the imposition of any sales charge. R Shares are also subject to a Rule 12b-1 fee as described in the Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information. R Shares do not have an automatic conversion feature.
R6 SHARES
R6 Shares of a Fund are offered at net asset value without the imposition of any sales charge, Rule 12b-1 fees, shareholder servicing fees or intermediary sub-transfer agency fees. R6 Shares do not have an automatic conversion feature.
T SHARES
T Shares are offered at net asset value plus an initial sales charge as set forth in the then current prospectuses of a Fund. All or a portion of the initial sales charge may be waived or reduced on certain types of purchases or for certain intermediaries as set forth in the Fund's then current prospectus. T Shares are also subject to a Rule 12b-1 fee as described in the Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional information. T shares do not have an automatic conversion feature.
VOTING RIGHTS
Each class shall have exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to its arrangement. Each class shall have separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of any other class.
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGES
Shareholders of a class may exchange their shares for shares of another Fund in accordance with Section 11(a) of the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder and the requirements of the applicable prospectuses as follows: Each class of shares of a Fund may be exchanged for the corresponding class of shares of another Fund. Shareholders of C1 Shares of Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund may exchange shares of such class for C Shares in any other Virtus Fund for which exchange privileges are available, at the relative net asset values of the respective shares to be exchanged and with no sales charge, provided the shares to be acquired in the exchange are, as may be necessary, qualified for sale in the shareholder’s state of residence and subject to the applicable requirements, if any, as to minimum amount. Shareholders of one class of shares of a Fund may exchange such shares for shares of another class in the same Fund having lower fixed expenses, at the relative net asset values of the respective shares to be exchanged and with no sales charge, provided that: (a) the shares to be acquired in the exchange are, as may be necessary, qualified for sale in the shareholder’s state of residence; and (b) such exchange is permitted by the disclosure documents of the Fund. Class T shares are not exchangeable for any other share class.
BOARD REVIEW
The Board of Trustees shall review this Plan as frequently as it deems necessary. Prior to any material amendments(s) to this Plan (including any proposed amendments to the method of allocating Class Expenses and/or Fund expenses), The Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, must find that the Plan is in the best interests of each class of shares of the affected Fund(s) individually and the affected Fund(s) as a whole. In considering whether to approve any proposed amendment(s) to the Plan, the Board of Trustees of the Trust shall request and evaluate such information as they consider reasonably necessary to evaluate the proposed amendment(s) to the Plan.
Adopted: August 10, 2017
SCHEDULE A
(as of August 10, 2017)
A
Shares |
C
Shares |
I
Shares |
R
Shares |
R6
Shares |
T
Shares |
|||||||
Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust | ||||||||||||
Virtus Aviva Multi-Strategy Target Return Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Duff & Phelps Select MLP and Energy Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Newfleet Credit Opportunities Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Asset Trust | ||||||||||||
Virtus Ceredex Large Cap Value Equity Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Ceredex Mid-Cap Value Equity Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Ceredex Small Cap Value Equity Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Conservative Allocation Strategy Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Growth Allocation Strategy Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Seix Core Bond Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Seix Corporate Bond Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Seix Floating Rate High Income Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Seix Georgia Tax-Exempt Bond Fund | X | X | X | |||||||||
Virtus Seix High Grade Municipal Bond Fund | X | X | X | |||||||||
Virtus Seix High Income Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Seix High Yield Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Seix Investment Grade Tax-Exempt Bond Fund | X | X | X | |||||||||
Virtus Seix Limited Duration Fund | X | X | ||||||||||
Virtus Seix North Carolina Tax-Exempt Bond Fund | X | X | X | |||||||||
Virtus Seix Short-Term Bond Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Seix Short-Term Municipal Bond Fund | X | X | X | |||||||||
Virtus Seix Total Return Bond Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Seix U.S. Government Securities Ultra-Short Bond Fund | X | X | X | |||||||||
Virtus Seix U.S. Mortgage Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Seix Ultra-Short Bond Fund | X | X | ||||||||||
Virtus Seix Virginia Intermediate Municipal Bond Fund | X | X | X |
A
Shares |
C
Shares |
I
Shares |
R
Shares |
R6
Shares |
T
Shares |
|||||||
Virtus Silvant Large Cap Growth Stock Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Silvant Small Cap Growth Stock Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus WCM International Equity Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Zevenbergen Innovative Growth Stock Fund | X | X | X | |||||||||
Virtus Equity Trust | ||||||||||||
Virtus Contrarian Value Fund | X | X | X | |||||||||
Virtus KAR Capital Growth Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus KAR Global Quality Dividend Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Core Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus KAR Mid-Cap Growth Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Core Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Growth Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus KAR Small-Cap Value Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Rampart Enhanced Core Equity Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Strategic Allocation Fund | X | X | X | |||||||||
Virtus Tactical Allocation Fund | X | X | X | |||||||||
Virtus Opportunities Trust | ||||||||||||
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Infrastructure Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securities Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Equity Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Duff & Phelps International Real Estate Securities Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Duff & Phelps Real Estate Securities Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Herzfeld Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Horizon International Wealth Masters Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Horizon Wealth Masters Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus KAR Emerging Markets Small-Cap Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus KAR International Small-Cap Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Newfleet Bond Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Newfleet CA Tax-Exempt Bond Fund | X | X | X | |||||||||
Virtus Newfleet High Yield Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Newfleet Low Duration Income Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Intermediate Bond Fund | X | X | X | X | X |
A
Shares |
C
Shares |
I
Shares |
R
Shares |
R6
Shares |
T
Shares |
|||||||
Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund 1 | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Newfleet Senior Floating Rate Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Newfleet Tax-Exempt Bond Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Rampart Alternatives Diversifier Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Rampart Equity Trend Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Rampart Global Equity Trend Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Rampart Low Volatility Equity Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Rampart Multi-Asset Trend Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Rampart Sector Trend Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opportunities Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Vontobel Foreign Opportunities Fund | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Virtus Vontobel Global Opportunities Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Vontobel Greater European Opportunities Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus Retirement Trust | ||||||||||||
Virtus DFA 2015 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus DFA 2020 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus DFA 2025 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus DFA 2030 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus DFA 2035 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus DFA 2040 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus DFA 2045 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus DFA 2050 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus DFA 2055 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Virtus DFA 2060 Target Date Retirement Income Fund | X | X | X | X |
1 Virtus Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fund also offers Class C1 Shares.
Exhibit p.1
CODE OF ETHICS
Each Fund 1 has adopted this Code of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”) and it applies to a Fund’s Access Persons. Individuals that may meet the definition of Access Person below may not be required to comply with this particular Code of Ethics if such individuals are subject to another code of ethics that satisfies Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. For example, the Fund’s investment advisers and service providers that are subsidiaries of Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. (“Virtus”) and affiliates of one another have adopted separate codes of ethics (the “Affiliate Codes”) that are substantially similar to this Code of Ethics, satisfy Rule 17j-1 and apply to individuals who would otherwise be covered by this Code of Ethics. In addition, the Funds’ subadvisers, if any, that are not Virtus affiliates have adopted their own codes of ethics.
This Code of Ethics is administered by the Virtus Compliance Department on behalf of the Funds together with the Affiliate Codes.
Standard of Business Conduct
Each Fund acknowledges the integrity and good faith of all of the employees, officers, trustees or directors of the Fund and of those entities providing services on behalf of the Fund. Each Fund recognizes, however, that the knowledge of present or future portfolio transactions or the power to influence portfolio transactions, if held by such individuals, could place them in a position where their personal interests might conflict with the interests of the Fund if they were to trade in securities eligible for investment by the Fund.
In view of the foregoing and of the provisions of Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, each Fund has adopted this Code of Ethics to specify and prohibit certain types of transactions deemed to create conflicts of interest (or at least the potential for or the appearance of such conflicts) and to establish related reporting requirements and enforcement procedures.
When persons covered by the terms of this Code of Ethics engage in personal securities transactions, they must adhere to the following general principles as well as to the Code’s specific provisions:
(a) | At all times, the interests of Fund shareholders must be paramount; |
(b) | Personal transactions must be conducted consistent with this Code of Ethics in a manner that avoids or mitigates any actual or potential conflict of interest; |
1 Registered Investment Companies (“Funds”) include ETFis Series Trust I, Virtus ETF Trust II, Virtus Alternative Solutions Trust, Virtus Asset Trust, Virtus Equity Trust, Virtus Opportunities Trust, Virtus Retirement Trust, Virtus Global Multi-Sector Income Fund, Virtus Variable Insurance Trust, Duff & Phelps Select Energy MLP Fund, Inc., Virtus Total Return Fund Inc., and Virtus Global Dividend & Income Fund Inc.
Tab 1 |
(c) | No inappropriate advantage should be taken of any position of trust or responsibility; |
(d) | Non-public information regarding security holdings in any Fund must remain confidential; |
(e) | Compliance with all applicable federal securities laws must be maintained; and |
(f) | Access Persons are required to adhere to the standards of business conduct in the Virtus Code of Conduct. |
Definitions of Terms Used in this Code
“Access Person” of a Fund means any Advisory Person of a Fund. In addition, all of the Fund’s directors, officers, and general partners are presumed to be Access Persons of the Fund. Access Persons also includes any director, officer or general partner of ETF Distributors LLC, VP Distributors, LLC and Virtus Fund Services, LLC who, in the ordinary course of business, makes, participates in or obtains information regarding the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by the Fund for which ETF Distributors, VP Distributors or Virtus Fund Services acts as service provider, distributor or principal underwriter, or whose functions or duties in the ordinary course of business relate to the making of any recommendation to the Fund regarding the purchase or sale of Covered Securities.
“Advisory Person” of a Fund means:
(a) | Any director, officer, general partner or employee of the Fund or its investment adviser (or of any company in a control relationship to the Fund or its investment adviser) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes, participates in, or obtains information regarding, the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by a Fund, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales; |
(b) | Any natural person in a control relationship to the Fund or its investment adviser who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Fund with regard to the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by the Fund; and |
(c) | Any Investment Personnel. |
“Affiliated Open-End Mutual Fund” means any open-end mutual fund as to which a Virtus affiliate serves as the investment adviser or principal underwriter.
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“Affiliated person” of another person means (A) any person directly or indirectly owning, controlling, or holding with power to vote, 5 per centum or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other person; (B) any person 5 per centum or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by such other person; (C) any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with, such other person; (D) any officer, director, partner, copartner, or employee of such other person; (E) if such other person is an investment company, any investment adviser thereof or any member of an advisory board thereof; and (F) if such other person is an unincorporated investment company not having a board of directors, the depositor thereof.
“Being considered for Purchase or Sale” means a security for which a recommendation to purchase or sell has been made and communicated; and with respect to the Advisory Person making the recommendation, when such person seriously considers making such a recommendation.
“Beneficial Ownership” shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be under Rule 16a-1(a)(2) in determining whether a person is the beneficial owner of a security for purposes of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and the rules and regulations there under. Generally, Beneficial Ownership means having or sharing, directly or indirectly through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship, or otherwise, a direct or indirect “pecuniary interest” in the security. For the purposes hereof,
(a) | “Pecuniary interest” means the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from a transaction in the security. |
(b) | “Indirect pecuniary interest” includes, but is not limited to: |
(i) securities held by members of the person’s “immediate family” (this means any child, child-in-law, stepchild, grandchild, parent, parent-in-law, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, partner, sibling, or sibling-in-law and includes adoptive relationships) sharing the same household (which ownership interest may be rebutted);
(ii) a general partner’s proportionate interest in portfolio securities held by a general or limited partnership;
(iii) a person’s right to dividends that is separated or separable from the underlying securities (otherwise, a right to dividends alone will not constitute a pecuniary interest in securities);
(iv) a person’s interest in securities held by a trust;
(v) a person’s right to acquire securities through the exercise or conversion of any derivative security, whether or not presently exercisable; and
(vi) a performance-related fee, other than an asset based fee, received by any broker, dealer, bank, insurance company, investment company, investment manager, trustee, or person or entity performing a similar function, with certain exceptions (see Rule 16a-1(a)(2) of the Exchange Act).
Tab 1 |
“Crowdfunding Offering” means an offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to Section 4(a)(6).
“Chief Compliance Officer” or “CCO” refers to the person appointed by the Boards of the Funds pursuant to the provisions of Rule 38a-1.
“Control” shall have the same meaning as that set forth in Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act.
“Covered Security” means a security as defined in Section 2(a)(36) of the 1940 Act, except securities that are direct obligations of the Government of the United States, bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements and shares of traditional, unaffiliated registered open-end investment companies.
“Disinterested Trustee or Director” means a Member of the Board of Trustees or Board of Directors of a Fund who is not an “interested person” of the Fund within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act.
“Immediate Family Member” means any Access Person’s spouse or domestic partner who shares the same household and any relative by blood, adoption or marriage living in the Access Person’s household. This definition includes children (including financially dependent children away at school), stepchildren, grandchildren, parents, stepparents, grandparents, siblings and parents, children, or siblings-in-law.
“Initial Public Offering” or “IPO” means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
“Investment Personnel” shall mean:
(a) | any employee of the Fund or its adviser (or of any company in a control relationship to the Fund or its adviser) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Fund; and |
(b) | any natural person who controls the Fund or its adviser and who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Fund regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Fund. Investment Personnel includes any Portfolio Manager or other investment person, such as an analyst or trader, who provides information and advice to a Portfolio Manager or assists in the execution of the investment decisions. |
“Limited Offering” or “Private Placement” means an offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) or Section 4(a)(5), or pursuant to Rule 504, Rule 505, or Rule 506 thereunder.
Tab 1 |
“Managed Portfolio” shall mean those Funds, individually and collectively, for which the Portfolio Manager makes buy and sell decisions. For those Funds operating as series companies, Managed Portfolio shall include only the series for which the Portfolio Manager serves as the Portfolio Manager.
“Personal Brokerage Account” refers to any account (including, without limitation, a custody account, safekeeping account, and an account maintained by an entity that may act in a brokerage or a principal capacity) in which securities may be traded or custodied, and in which an Access Person has any Beneficial Ownership, and any such account of an Immediate Family member, through which an Access Person may hold or acquire Reportable Securities, even though the account currently holds only non-Reportable Securities (such as Unaffiliated Open-end Mutual Funds). To the extent that the Virtus 401(k) plan and potentially 401(k) plans of an Access Person’s prior employer(s) or 401(k) plans of Immediate Family Members have the capacity to invest in Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds and/or other Reportable Securities, such accounts are considered “Personal Brokerage Accounts.” Furthermore, Individual Retirement Accounts (“IRA’s”) that are constructed within a brokerage account capable of transacting in Reportable Securities are also considered “Personal Brokerage Accounts.”
The meaning of “Personal Brokerage Account” does not include the following: Open-end mutual funds held directly with the sponsor in an account that is not capable of transacting in Reportable Securities; 401(k) accounts that may only hold Unaffiliated Open-end Mutual Funds; other accounts that cannot transact in Reportable Securities as determined by the Virtus Compliance Department; direct purchase accounts such as “DRIP” plans and Section 529 Plans that are not managed, distributed marketed or underwritten by a Virtus affiliate; or managed accounts over which an individual has given investment discretion to an unrelated third party.
“Portfolio Manager” means the person or portfolio management team entrusted to make or participate in the making of the buy and sell decisions for a Fund, or series thereof, as disclosed in the Fund(s) prospectus.
“Purchase or sale of a Reportable Security” includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a security or the purchase or sale of a security that is exchangeable for or convertible into a security.
“Reportable Security” means a security as defined in Section 2(a)(36) of the 1940 Act and includes: common stocks, preferred stocks, stock options (put, call and straddles, etc.), debt securities, privileges on any security or on any group or index of securities (including any interest therein or based on the value thereof) and derivative instruments; ETFs, UIT ETFs, closed end funds, stock indices vehicles (such as the Standard & Poor’s Composite Stock Indices, SPDR S&P 500, SPDR S&P MidCap 400, “iShares”, etc.); Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds and municipal securities.
“Reportable Security” does not include direct obligations of the Government of the United States; money market instruments; bankers’ acceptances; bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other high quality short-term debt instruments; shares of money market funds; shares of Unaffiliated Open-end Mutual Funds; and units of a unit investment trust if the unit investment trust is invested exclusively in Unaffiliated Open-end Mutual Funds. Note: This exception extends only to open-end funds registered in the U.S.; therefore, transactions and holdings in offshore funds are reportable.
Tab 1 |
“Security Held or to be Acquired” by a Fund means:
(i) | any Covered Security which, within the most recent 15 days: |
(A) | is or has been held by the Fund; or |
(B) | is being or has been considered by the Fund or any of its investment advisers for purchase by the Fund; and |
(ii) | any option to purchase or sell, and any security convertible into or exchangeable for, a Covered Security. |
“Unaffiliated Open-End Mutual Fund” means any open-end mutual fund as to which a Virtus affiliate does not serve as the investment adviser or principal underwriter for the fund.
Unlawful Actions
It is unlawful for any Affiliated person of any Fund or any of its advisers, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by the person of a Security Held or to be Acquired by any Fund:
(a) | to employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud any Fund; |
(b) | to make any untrue statement of a material fact to any Fund or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made to any Fund, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading; |
(c) | to engage in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on any Fund; |
(d) | to engage in any manipulative practice with respect to any Fund; or |
(e) | to divulge or act upon any material, non-public information, as such term is defined under relevant securities laws. |
Disclosure of Personal Brokerage Accounts
All Access Persons must disclose their Personal Brokerage Accounts to their respective Compliance Department. It is each Access Person’s responsibility to notify their respective Compliance Department of all Personal Brokerage Accounts and to direct the broker to provide their Compliance Department with brokerage transaction confirmations and account statements (and verify that it has been done). Access Persons do not need to disclose the existence of their Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) account, however, any other Virtus Fidelity account holding securities, options or restricted stock of Virtus must be disclosed. 401(k) plans of an Access Person’s prior employer(s) or 401(k) plans of Immediate Family Members must be disclosed if such accounts have the capacity to invest in Affiliated Open-End Mutual Funds and/or other Reportable Securities.
Tab 1 |
Prohibited Activities and Restrictions
Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) Rule : No Access Person may directly or indirectly acquire beneficial ownership in any securities in an Initial Public Offering (including IPOs offered through the Internet), except with the prior written approval of the Virtus Compliance Department. No FINRA registered person may participate in an IPO pursuant to FINRA Rule 5130.
Crowdfunding Offering/Limited Offering/Private Placement Rule : No Access Person may directly or indirectly acquire beneficial ownership in any securities in a Crowdfunding Offering, Limited Offering or Private Placement except with the prior written approval of the Virtus Compliance Department.
Preclearance Rule : No Advisory Person may directly or indirectly acquire or dispose of beneficial ownership in a Reportable Security unless such transaction has been precleared by the Virtus Compliance Department. Preclearance is valid through the next business day to the close of the U.S. Market following the approval. An order not executed within that time must be resubmitted for pre-clearance approval. Advisory Persons must wait for approval before placing the order with their broker.
Exceptions : The following transactions do not require preclearance:
(a) | Purchases or sales of up to 1000 shares per month of: (i) Reportable Securities of an issuer ranked in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Stock Index (S&P 500) at the time of the transaction; (ii) exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) not managed by a Virtus affiliate; and (iii) closed-end funds not managed by a Virtus affiliate. |
(b) | Open-end Mutual Funds. (However such funds are subject to Quarterly Transaction and Annual Holdings reporting requirements.) |
(c) | Purchases of shares of Reportable Securities necessary to establish an automatic investment or dividend reinvestment plan, as well as any subsequent purchases and sales pursuant to any such plan. |
Tab 1 |
(d) | Purchases or sales effected in any managed account over which the Advisory Person has no direct or indirect influence or control in the reasonable estimation of the Virtus Compliance Department. This exemption will also apply to Personal Brokerage Accounts for which a third party (e.g. broker or financial adviser) makes all investment decisions on behalf of the Advisory Person. The discretionary arrangement must be documented to the Virtus Compliance Department. |
(e) | Purchases or sales of Reportable Securities not eligible for purchase or sale by the Fund(s). |
(f) | Purchases effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired. |
(g) | Purchase or sale of securities issued under an employee stock purchase or incentive program unless otherwise restricted. |
Open Order Rule : No Advisory Person may directly or indirectly transact in any Reportable Security which requires preclearance on a day during which a Fund has a pending order for that security of the same type (i.e.. buy or sell) as the proposed personal trade, until the Fund’s order is executed or withdrawn.
Black-Out Rule : Investment Personnel may not directly or indirectly acquire or dispose of Beneficial Ownership in a Reportable Security within seven calendar days before and after the portfolio(s) associated with the Investment Personnel’s assigned duties trades in that security. The seven day period is exclusive of the execution date. The Black-Out Rule applies to transactions in securities that are required to be precleared.
Holding Period Rule : Except as provided herein, Advisory Persons must hold all Reportable Securities, including options, for no less than thirty (30) days, regardless of whether or not the purchase was exempt from preclearance under this Code. Generally, a last in, first out (“LIFO”) accounting methodology will be applied for determining compliance with this holding rule.
This Holding Period Rule does not apply to the following Reportable Securities and transactions:
· | Affiliated Open-End Mutual Funds; |
· | Sales of Virtus shares after restricted stock units vest; |
· | Sales of Virtus shares after exercising employee stock options; or |
· | Sales effected in any account over which the Advisory Person has no direct or indirect influence or control. |
Gifts and Entertainment : Access Persons may not give or receive gifts or entertainment that may be construed to have an influence on business transactions conducted by the Fund(s) or its investment adviser. Moreover, pursuant to Section 17(e) of the 1940 Act, gifts and entertainment may not be received by fund advisory personnel as compensation for the purchase or sale of any Fund property.
Tab 1 |
Gifts include any items of value, including sports paraphernalia or equipment, wine or food baskets, and gift certificates for goods or services. Tickets to events are also considered gifts if the provider of such tickets does not attend the event. Gifts to or from any person or entity doing business with or seeking to do business with the Fund(s) or its investment adviser must not exceed $100 per person per year.
Entertainment includes events that are attended by the provider and recipient, and the $100 limit that applies to gifts does not apply to entertainment. Nonetheless, entertainment must be neither so frequent nor so extensive as to raise any question of impropriety.
All gifts and entertainment received or given must be reported to the Virtus Compliance Department.
Service as Director : No Advisory Person shall serve on the board of directors of a publicly traded company without prior authorization by the President or the Chief Compliance Officer of the Fund. If board service is authorized, such Advisory Person shall have no role in making investment decisions with respect to the publicly traded company.
Excessive Trading Rule: Access Persons shall comply with any mutual funds disruptive trading or market timing policies.
Reporting Requirements
The Code of Ethics, and any amendments thereto, shall be provided to every Access Person. Access Persons will provide written acknowledgement of receipt.
Duplicate Trade Confirmations and Personal Brokerage Account Statements : All Access Persons (other than Disinterested Trustees or Directors) shall direct their brokers to supply, at the same time that they are sent to the Access Person, a copy of the confirmation for each Reportable Securities trade in a Personal Brokerage Account, and a copy, at least quarterly, of an account statement for each Personal Brokerage Account to the Virtus Compliance Department (an electronic feed from the broker will satisfy these requirements). Access to duplicate confirmations and account statements will be restricted to those persons assigned to perform review functions, and all materials will be kept confidential except as required by law.
Quarterly Transaction Reports : Access Persons shall report to the Fund the information (specified further below) with respect to transactions in any Reportable Security in which such Access Person has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in the Reportable Security.
Access Persons shall not be required to make a report with respect to transactions effected for any account over which that person lacks any direct or indirect influence or control in the reasonable estimation of the Virtus Compliance Department which may make reasonable periodic inquiries and request reasonable assurances in making such determination.
Tab 1 |
Every Quarterly Transaction Report shall be made not later than 15 days after the end of the calendar quarter, and shall include all transactions in Reportable Securities effected during the calendar quarter being reported on. Quarterly Transaction Reports shall contain such information as the Virtus Compliance Department may request and shall be reported in such manner (e.g., utilizing an on-line service) as the Virtus Compliance Department directs.
Initial and Annual Holdings Reports : Each Access Person shall submit an Initial Holdings and Annual Holdings Report listing all personal Reportable Securities holdings to the Virtus Compliance Department, upon commencement of service and annually thereafter (the Initial Holdings Report and the Annual Holdings Report , respectively) in the form and content requested by the Virtus Compliance Department. The information on the Initial Holdings Report must be current as of a date not more than 45 days prior to the date the individual becomes an Access Person. An Initial Holdings Report and certification must be submitted to the designated Compliance Officer no later than 10 days after becoming an Access Person. The Annual Holdings Report information shall be as of December 31 of the prior year. Access Persons shall submit the Annual Holdings Report and Certification to the designated Compliance Officer by January 31 of each year. Access Persons shall include on their Annual Holdings Report any holdings in Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds, including those held in the Access Person’s Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) plan.
Disinterested Trustees and Directors
A Disinterested Trustee or Director of the Fund who would be considered an Access Person solely by reason of being a trustee or director of the Fund shall not be subject to the pre-clearance or reporting requirements applicable to Access Persons or the IPO Rule or Limited Offering/Private Placement Rule set forth in this Code of Ethics, except that such Trustee or Director shall report any transaction where the Trustee or Director knew, or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as a Fund Trustee or Director, should have known, that during the 15-day period immediately before or after the Trustee’s/Director’s transaction in a Covered Security, the Fund purchased or sold the Covered Security or the Fund or any of its investment advisers or subadvisers considered purchasing or selling the Covered Security. Any report made pursuant to the Reporting Requirements of this Code of Ethics may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person making such report that he or she has any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in the security to which the report relates.
Tab 1 |
401(k) Plans
Disclosure of Personal Brokerage Accounts: Access Persons are not required to disclose the existence of their Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) plan, but Access Persons must disclose any other 401(k) account if the account can transact in Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds and/or other Reportable Securities.
Preclearance Rule: Advisory Persons are not required to preclear transactions in Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds (e.g., transferring amounts from one fund to another) or contributions in the form of payroll deductions. Advisory Persons are required to preclear transactions in Reportable Securities that are not exceptions to the Preclearance Rule (e.g., the sale of previous employer’s stock).
Duplicate Trade Confirmations and Personal Brokerage Account Statements: If an Access Person has a 401(k) account from a previous employer that can transact in Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds and/or other Reportable Securities, the Access Person shall direct his or her broker to supply, at the same time that they are sent to the Access Person, a copy of the confirmation for each personal Reportable Securities trade and a copy, at least quarterly, of an account statement to the Virtus Compliance Department for each 401(k) account other than the Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) plan.
Quarterly Transactions Reports: For 401(k) accounts other than the Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) plan, Access Persons are required to submit a Quarterly Transaction Report for transactions in Reportable Securities (e.g., Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds or a previous employer’s stock).
Initial and Annual Holdings Reports: Access Persons are required to report all holdings in Reportable Securities, including holdings in the Virtus-Fidelity 401(k) plan (e.g., Affiliated Open-end Mutual Funds).
Administration
A. | At least annually, the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer shall obtain certification that each Fund, each investment adviser and principal underwriter, as applicable, has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating this Code of Ethics or another code of ethics that satisfies Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. |
B. | Any Access Person shall immediately report any potential violation of this Code of which he or she becomes aware to the Fund CCO or the Virtus Compliance Department |
C. | The Virtus Compliance Department will maintain a list of all Access Persons who are required to make reports under this Code of Ethics, and shall inform those Access Persons of their reporting obligations. The Virtus Compliance Department shall promptly notify any Access Person when any report has not been filed on a timely basis. |
Tab 1 |
Recordkeeping Requirements
Documents and records required to be made and maintained in connection with this Code of Ethics shall be made and maintained in accordance with the Fund’s Policy Regarding Books and Records.
Sanctions
Upon discovering a violation of this Code, the Virtus Compliance Department may impose such sanctions as it deems appropriate, including, among other things, a letter of censure, suspension of personal trading privileges for a period of time, or suspension or termination of employment; and the Virtus Compliance Department shall advise the Fund CCO accordingly.
Exceptions
The Virtus Compliance Department may, in consultation with the Fund’s Chief Legal Officer and/or Fund CCO as appropriate, grant written exceptions to provisions of the Code based on equitable considerations. The exceptions may be granted to individuals or classes of individuals with respect to particular transactions, classes of transactions or all transactions, and may apply to past as well as future transactions, provided, however, that no exception will be granted where the exceptions would result in a violation of Rule 17j-1. To the extent any such exception relates to an Access Person of a Fund, the exception will be reported to the Fund CCO for reporting to the Fund’s Board at its next regularly scheduled meeting.
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CERTIFICATION:
By my signature below, I certify that I have received, read, and understood the foregoing policies of the Virtus Funds Code of Ethics, and will comply in all respects with such policies.
Signature | Date |
Please print or type name: |
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Exhibit p.2
VIRTUS CODE OF ETHICS
Amended and Restated October 1, 2017
A message from George Aylward, Chief Executive Officer
At Virtus Investment Partners, our goal is to be a distinctive and trusted provider of asset management products and services that is profitable, growing and consistently delivers value for our clients and shareholders. In this highly competitive industry we need to distinguish Virtus through our products, our service approach, and our values in managing our company.
Foremost among those values is the expectation I have that each member of the Virtus team adhere to the highest standards of legal and ethical conduct in all of our business dealings.
By demonstrating Virtus is a company that our clients can trust with their assets, a company that our distribution partners respect, and a company that all of our stakeholders think of with admiration, we can accomplish our business goals.
George Aylward
Chief Executive Officer
Virtus Investment Partners, Inc.
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Introduction
Each affiliated registered investment adviser and broker-dealer of Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. (“Virtus”) (each referred to herein as a Firm) has adopted this Code of Ethics (the “Code”) in accordance with applicable requirements of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act“), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Company Act”).
All employees are required to adhere to the letter and the spirit of this Code. Failure to adhere to this Code may result in disciplinary actions including fines, disgorgement of profits (or losses avoided), unwinding of securities transactions, curtailment of personal trading privileges and/or termination of employment. In addition, certain violations of this Code may be considered to be violations of securities laws and regulations that could result in civil and/or criminal penalties.
1. | Standards of Conduct |
In providing investment services to registered investment companies, institutional accounts and other clients, Virtus advisory Firms are governed by legal and fiduciary duties that mandate adherence to the highest standards of ethical conduct and integrity. Because employees may have knowledge of present or future portfolio transactions in client accounts and, in some cases, the power to influence those portfolio transactions, it is possible that an employee’s personal interests could – or could appear to – conflict with those of the Firms’ clients if the employee engages in personal transactions in securities that are eligible for investment by the Firms’ clients.
The procedures set forth in this Code are designed to address the potential conflicts of interest with respect to the personal investing activities of a Firms’ employees. When persons covered by the terms of this Code engage in personal securities transactions, they must adhere to the following general principles as well as to the Code’s specific provisions:
(a) | At all times, the interests of the Firms’ clients must be paramount; |
(b) | Personal transactions must be conducted consistent with this Code in a manner that avoids or mitigates any actual or potential conflict of interest; |
(c) | No inappropriate advantage should be taken of any position of trust or responsibility; |
(d) | Non-public information regarding security holdings in any client account must remain confidential; and |
(e) | Compliance with all applicable federal securities laws must be maintained. |
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In addition to the provisions of this Code, employees are responsible for compliance with other Virtus policies and procedures concerning personal conduct and conflicts of interest, including the Virtus Code of Conduct, Social Media Policy, Inside Information Policies, Pay to Play Policy, and Gifts and Entertainment Policy.
2. | Persons subject to the Code |
All employees are subject to this Code and all Virtus employees are deemed to be “Supervised Persons” within the meaning of the Advisers Act and the Company Act. Employees are further classified as Access Persons and as Advisory Persons, depending upon their access to client portfolio information and their role in managing client accounts. The reporting requirements of the Code apply to all employees. Most of the trading restrictions apply to employees who are designated as Access Persons. Certain additional restrictions apply only to those Access Persons who are also classified as Advisory Persons.
An employee is an Access Person if:
· | in connection with his or her job functions or duties, the employee has access to timely, non-public information regarding a Firm’s investment management activities, client portfolio holdings and/or client trading activity; |
· | the employee is a director or officer of a Firm; or |
· | the employee is otherwise designated as such by the Compliance Department for reasons consistent with the purposes of this Code. |
An Access Person is further classified as an Advisory Person if:
· | in connection with his or her job functions or duties, the employee makes, recommends or implements investment decisions on behalf of client accounts managed by the Firm. Generally, portfolio managers, investment research analysts, traders and certain of their support personnel are Advisory Persons; or |
· | the employee is otherwise designated as such by the Compliance Department for reasons consistent with the purposes of this Code. |
The Compliance Department will determine which employees are classified as Access and Advisory Persons and will notify employees who are so classified. Certain employees who perform services for multiple Firms (i.e., shared services) or who share office space with another Firm may be designated as Access and/or Advisory Persons of multiple Firms. In addition, the Compliance Department may determine whether any temporary employees, consultants or interns should be treated as employees under this Code and, if so, whether they should be classified as Access and/or Advisory Persons.
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Employees are subject to requirements under this Code depending upon their classification:
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3. | Reporting Requirements – All Employees |
3.1 | Attestation of Receipt, Understanding and Compliance: |
All employees will receive a copy of the Code upon hire and, thereafter any amendments thereto, and must certify, within 10-days of joining a Firm and annually thereafter, that they have read and understood the Code and have complied with its requirements.
3.2 | Reportable Accounts and Reportable Securities : |
All employees must report all of their Reportable Accounts to the Compliance Department. Existing accounts must be reported promptly upon hiring; new accounts must be reported upon opening.
Reportable Accounts are all securities accounts (brokerage and investment accounts) that an employee has investment discretion over or receives economic benefits from, and which hold or are capable of holding Reportable Securities.
Reportable Securities are broadly defined and include transactions (both long and short) in the following:
· | Shares of stocks, ADRs, and other equity securities (including any security convertible into equity securities) |
· | Warrants |
· | Bonds and notes |
· | Shares of exchange traded funds (ETFs) |
· | Shares of closed-end funds |
· | Options, futures and other derivatives |
· | Private placement securities |
· | Shares of open-end mutual funds managed by a Virtus Firm |
· | Securities acquired in an initial public offering (IPO) or a limited offering or crowdfunding. |
The following are not considered Reportable Securities:
· | Direct obligations of the U.S. Government |
· | Money market instruments and funds |
· | Bankers’ acceptances, certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other high quality short-term debt instruments |
· | Open-end mutual funds that are not managed by a Virtus Firm |
· | 529 Plans (unless a mutual fund managed by a Virtus Firm is an investment option) |
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· | Holdings in accounts maintained through Fidelity for the Virtus 401(k) Plan or similar Firm- sponsored retirement or benefit plans identified by the Compliance Department. |
However, the following must be reported:
· | Fidelity BrokerageLink and any other Virtus Fidelity account capable of holding Reportable Securities including, without limitation, restricted stock of Virtus. |
· | 401(k) plans maintained with prior employers and 401(k) plans of immediate family members if such accounts have the capacity to invest in Reportable Securities . |
Reportable Accounts include investment accounts of certain related persons including an employee’s spouse, domestic partner, minor children and step-children and other persons residing in the same household as the employee.
Reportable Accounts include those accounts from which an employee or immediate family member may benefit directly or indirectly, such as a family trust or partnership, or joint brokerage account.
Investments accounts that are capable of holding Reportable Securities are considered Reportable Accounts and must be reported even if Reportable Securities are not currently held in the account.
Reportable Accounts do not include Managed Accounts , although the Compliance Department may require submission of relevant transactions documentation and holdings in order to monitor the status of an account as a Managed Account. A Managed Account is an investment account from which an employee or related person benefits financially, but over which neither the employee nor related person exercises direct or indirect investment discretion. Generally, with a Managed Account a third-party, such as a broker or financial advisor, makes all investment decisions on behalf of the employee and the employee does not discuss any specific transactions for the account with the third-party manager. Designation of a Managed Account must be properly documented and approved in accordance with Compliance Department procedures.
3.3 | Initial and Annual Holdings Reports: |
Within ten (10) days of hire, and annually thereafter as instructed by the Compliance Department, all employees must submit a report listing all personal holdings of Reportable Securities. The information in the initial report must be current as of a date not more than forty-five (45) days prior to employment. The annual reports must be current as of December 31 st of each year and submitted by January 31 st of each year and shall include such information regarding the holdings as instructed by the Compliance Department. Each holdings report shall include a certification by the employee that he or she has read, understood, has complied and will continue to comply with the requirements of this Code
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3.4 | Duplicate Trade Confirmations and Personal Brokerage Account Statements: |
For all Reportable Accounts, employees shall direct their brokers to provide the Compliance Department with a duplicate copy of the confirmation for each Reportable Securities transaction at the same time the broker provides the confirmation to the employee. In addition, employees shall direct their brokers to provide the Compliance Department an account statement at least quarterly for each Reportable Account . Electronic feeds arranged through the Compliance Department will satisfy these requirements.
3.5 | Quarterly Transactions Reports: |
Each employee must complete a quarterly report of transactions in Reportable Securities within the timeframe specified by the Compliance Department (generally 15 days after quarter-end). The Compliance Department may grant extensions in cases of hardship, illness, system unavailability or other circumstances provided that the timeframe as extended may not exceed 30 days after quarter-end. Any such extension shall not be deemed a waiver of the Code’s provisions.
4. | Trade Preclearance – Access and Advisory Persons |
Generally, Access and Advisory Persons may not knowingly purchase or sell a Reportable Security for their own account on any day during which any client account has a buy or sell order pending for the same security or when trading in the Reportable Security is otherwise restricted. In addition, as described in Section 5 – Blackout Rule, Advisory Persons are restricted from trading for a period before and after trades are made in the client accounts they are associated with.
To assist in implementing these trading restrictions, Access and Advisory Persons are required to obtain prior approval (“preclearance”) from the Compliance Department before buying or selling Reportable Securities. Access and Advisory Persons must wait for preclearance approval before placing an order for a Reportable Security with a broker. If granted, preclearance is valid through the e n d o f t h e next business day (with the exception of Private Placements which are determined on a case by case basis). An order not executed within that time must be re-submitted for preclearance approval.
Generally, preclearance will be denied in the following circumstances:
· | When the Firm has a pending buy or sell order for the security for a client account |
· | When a security is subject to a Firm-wide restriction |
· | Other circumstances as may be determined by the Compliance Department on a case-by- case basis consistent with the purposes of the Code. |
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Exceptions: Transactions in the following securities do not require preclearance:
· | Direct obligations of the U.S. government |
· | High quality short-term debt instruments such as commercial paper, repurchase agreements, bankers’ acceptances and money market instruments |
· | Bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit (“CDs”), commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other high quality short-term debt instruments |
· | Open-end mutual funds and unit investment trusts invested in open-end mutual funds |
· | Up to 1000 shares per calendar month (in total for all accounts) i n companies comprisin g the S&P 500 index at the time of the transaction |
· | Up to 1000 shares per calendar month (in total for all accounts) in exchange traded funds (ETFs) that are not advised or subadvised by a Virtus Firm |
· | Shares of closed-end mutual funds that are not advised or subadvised by a Virtus Firm |
· | Purchases pursuant to an automatic investment or dividend reinvestment plan |
· | Purchases upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its securities, to the extent the rights were acquired from the issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired |
· | Transactions under an employee stock purchase or incentive program unless otherwise restricted |
· | Non-volitional transactions (such as stock splits, dividends, corporate actions, etc.) |
· | Transactions in Managed Accounts provided that prior to the transaction the Compliance Department has approved the classification of the account as a Managed Account |
· | Transactions in Virtus common or preferred securities that otherwise comply with the Virtus Policy on Inside Information Concerning Virtus’ Corporate Activities (i.e., the Trading Window policy) |
5. | Blackout Rule - Advisory Persons |
In addition to the preclearance requirements of Section 4 above, Advisory Persons may not transact in any Reportable Security within seven calendar days before or after the client portfolio(s) they are associated with trade in that security. The seven-day period is exclusive of the execution date. The Blackout Rule does not apply to transactions in Reportable Securities that are exempt from the preclearance requirements of Section 4.
6. | Other Restrictions |
Access and Advisory Persons are at all times prohibited from engaging in any of the following:
· | Purchasing single-stock futures |
· | Taking short positions other than on broad based indices |
· | Purchasing securities in an initial public offering (IPO) or Crowd Funding |
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· | Purchasing privately placed securities or limited offerings of securities unless, in addition to compliance with preclearance procedures, the terms of such offering are reviewed and approved by the Compliance Department in advance |
In no event may an Access or Advisory Person use a derivative or synthetic instrument to circumvent a restriction in the Code.
In addition, Advisory Persons are prohibited from engaging in any of the following:
· | Taking a short position (including a short position on an index) that is held long in a client account of a Firm the individual is an Advisory Person of. |
· | Serving as a director on the board of directors of any publicly traded company absent the prior approval of the Compliance Department based on a determination that the board service will not conflict with the interests of the Virtus Firms or their clients. |
7. | Holding Period Rule |
Unless an exception applies, Access and Advisory Persons must hold all Reportable Securities for no less than thirty (30) days, whether or not the purchase was exempt from preclearance. This holding period rule prohibits the purchase or sale of options with an expiration date that is within 30 days of the transaction date, as well as the sale of covered calls on securities held for less than 30 days. In addition, Access and Advisory Persons must comply with applicable “market timing” restrictions imposed with respect to any holdings in open-end mutual funds, including funds that are advised or subadvised by any Firm.
Exceptions: This Holding Period Rule does not apply with respect to the following:
· | Transactions in open-end mutual funds that are advised or subadvised by any Firm (although “market timing” restrictions imposed by such funds must be observed) |
· | Transactions in shares of Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. common stock received through vesting of Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) grants, subject to the Virtus Trading Window policy |
· | Striking VRTS call options and selling the shares, where such options have been provided as grants, subject to the Virtus Trading Window policy |
· | Transactions in approved Managed Accounts |
Generally, a last in first out (“LIFO”) accounting methodology will be applied for determining compliance with this holding period rule.
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8. | Duty to Report Violations |
Employees should promptly report violations of this Code to the Compliance Department and should contact the Compliance Department promptly if they have reason to believe that a violation may have occurred or is reasonably likely to occur. Failure to report such violations is itself a violation of this Code. In the event the reported event involves a member of the Compliance Department, the report should be made directly and only to the Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. Chief Compliance Officer. In the event the reported event involves the Chief Compliance Officer, the report should be made directly and only to the Virtus Investment Partners, Inc. General Counsel. Matters may also be reported utilizing the Virtus Compliance Hotline by telephone or via the internet. Instructions for using the Hotline are available on VirtusNet.
9. | Sanctions for Violations of the Code |
In the event of a violation of the Code by any Supervised Person, the Compliance Department may impose appropriate sanctions based on consideration of the seriousness of the violation, whether the violation was willful or inadvertent, whether the Person self-reported the violation, the Person’s job function and classification as an Access or Advisory Person, and any prior violations of the Code. Sanctions may include but are not limited to the following:
· | Verbal and/or written admonishment and training on the requirements of the Code |
· | Notice to the Person’s manager |
· | Fines and/or reversal of trades, with the fines and disgorgement of profits (or losses avoided) donated to a charity designated by the Compliance Department |
· | Partial or full restriction on personal trading for a period of time (which may be the remainder of the Person’s employment) |
· | Suspension or termination of employment. |
10. | Exceptions |
The Compliance Department may, from time to time, grant exceptions to provisions of this Code for equitable or other reasons. The Compliance Department will maintain reasonable documentation of any such exceptions. The exceptions may be granted to individuals or classes of individuals with respect to particular transactions or classes of transactions, and may apply to past as well as future transactions. However, no exception will be granted if the Compliance Department is aware that granting the exception is likely to result in a violation of applicable federal securities laws.
11. | Recordkeeping Requirements |
The Virtus Compliance Department will maintain records regarding the Code and its administration as required by Rule 204-2 of the Advisers Act and Rule 31a-2 of the Company Act. Such records will be maintained in a readily accessible place for at least five (5) years, with the first two (2) years in a Virtus Firm office. Required records include the following for the past five (5) years:
· | A copy of each Code in effect |
· | Records of any violations of the Code and action taken in response thereto |
· | Records of Supervised Persons’ written acknowledgements of the Code |
· | A list of all Supervised Persons who have been required to make reports pursuant to the Code |
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· | Records of decisions to approve transactions in private placements and the basis for such approvals |
· | Copies of all reports made by the chief compliance officer of each Virtus Firm and by the chief compliance officer of the Virtus Funds regarding the administration of the Code as required by the Advisers Act or the Company Act. |
October 1, 2017
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Schedule A
On October 1, 2017, the following entities adopted this Code of Ethics:
· | Ceredex Value Advisors LLC |
· | Euclid Advisors LLC |
· | Duff & Phelps Investment Management Co. |
· | Kayne Anderson Rudnick Investment Management, LLC |
· | Newfleet Asset Management, LLC |
· | Rampart Investment Management Company, LLC |
· | Seix Investment Advisors LLC |
· | Silvant Capital Management LLC |
· | Virtus Alternative Investment Advisers, Inc. |
· | Virtus ETF Advisers LLC and its affiliates (Virtus ETF Solutions LLC and ETF Distributors LLC) |
· | Virtus Fund Advisers, LLC |
· | Virtus Investment Advisers, Inc. |
· | Virtus Retirement Investment Advisers, LLC |
· | VP Distributors, LLC |
· | Zweig Advisers LLC |
This Schedule will be updated from time to time without being considered an amendment to the Code of Ethics.
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