UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 8-K

 

CURRENT REPORT

 

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported) January 6, 2016

 

DATARAM CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 

 

Nevada 1-8266 22-18314-09
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) (Commission File Number) (IRS Employer Identification No.)

 

777 Alexander Road, Suite 100, Princeton, NJ 08540
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

 

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (609) 799-0071

 

Route 571, P.O. Box 7258, Princeton, NJ 08543-7528

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report.)

 

 

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

 

Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

 

Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

 

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

 

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
   

 

 

 

Item 1.01.      Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement

 

The information set forth under Item 3.03 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 3.03.     Material Modification to Rights of Security Holders

 

The Reincorporation

 

On January 6, 2016, Dataram Corporation (the “Company”) changed its state of incorporation from the State of New Jersey to the State of Nevada (the “Reincorporation”) pursuant to an agreement and plan of merger, dated January 6, 2016 (the “Merger Agreement”). The Reincorporation was approved by shareholders at the Company’s 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on December 3, 2015.

 

Effects of the Reincorporation

 

The principal effects of the Reincorporation are:

 

·            The affairs of the Company ceased to be governed by New Jersey corporation laws pursuant to the New Jersey Business Corporation Act (“NJBCA”) and become subject to Nevada corporation laws pursuant to the Nevada Revised Statutes (the “NRS”). The Company’s governance is pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation filed in Nevada and the Bylaws, reflecting, among other things, application of the NRS.

 

·            The resulting Nevada corporation (“Dataram Nevada”), is deemed to be same entity as the Company previously incorporated in New Jersey (“Dataram New Jersey”), and there is no change in the Company’s business, management, employees, headquarters, benefit plans, assets, liabilities or net worth (other than as a result of the costs incident to the Reincorporation, which we expect to be immaterial).

 

·            The directors and officers of the Company prior to the Reincorporation hold the same respective positions with Dataram Nevada following the Reincorporation, and there is no substantive change in employment agreements for executive officers or in other direct or indirect interests of the directors or executive officers of the Company.

 

·            Each of Dataram New Jersey’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock and of preferred stock automatically converted into an equivalent number of issued and outstanding shares of common stock and preferred stock of Dataram Nevada, without any action on the part of our shareholders. The number of issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of Dataram Nevada is identical to the Company’s capital stock existing immediately prior to the Reincorporation.  The Certificate of Designation of Series A Preferred Stock of Dataram Nevada (the “Nevada Series A COD”) is identical to the Certificate of Designation of Series A Preferred Stock of Dataram New Jersey, except with respect to references to state law.  

 

·            The Reincorporation has no effect on the listing of shares of our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the same symbol “DRAM.” The Company will continue to file periodic reports and other documents as and to the extent required by the rules and regulations of the SEC.

 

·            Shares of our common stock that were freely tradable prior to the Reincorporation continue to be freely tradable after the Reincorporation, and shares of our common stock that were subject to restrictions prior to the Reincorporation continue to be subject to the same restrictions after the Reincorporation. The Reincorporation has not changed the respective ownership positions of our shareholders in our Company.

 

 

 

 

Although the Articles of Incorporation of Dataram Nevada (the “Nevada Articles of Incorporation”) and the bylaws of Dataram Nevada (the “Nevada Bylaws”) are substantially similar to the certificate of incorporation of Dataram New Jersey (the “New Jersey Articles”) and the bylaws of Dataram New Jersey (the “New Jersey Bylaws”), respectively, they also include certain provisions that differ in some respects from the provisions contained in the New Jersey Articles and New Jersey Bylaws. A description of the rights of the shareholders that were changed as a result of the Reincorporation and a comparison of the NRS, Nevada Articles, and Nevada Bylaws with the NJBCA, New Jersey Certificate, and New Jersey Bylaws are set forth in the Company’s Proxy Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 26, 2015 under the section entitled “Proposal 6 – Approval of Reincorporation of Company to the State of Nevada – Rights of Shareholders Prior to and After Reincorporation from New Jersey to Nevada”. Such description and comparison are incorporated in their entirety herein by reference and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the NJBCA and NRS, respectively, as well as the Nevada Articles which are filed as Exhibit 3.1 to this Current Report, the Nevada Series A COD, which is filed as Exhibit 3.2 to this Current Report, and the Nevada Bylaws, which are filed as Exhibit 3.3 to this Current Report.

 

The Reincorporation did not affect any of the Company’s material contracts with any third parties, and the Company’s rights and obligations under such material contractual arrangements continue to be rights and obligations of the Company after the Reincorporation. The Reincorporation did not result in any change in headquarters, business, jobs, management, location of any of the offices or facilities, number of employees, assets, liabilities or net worth of the Company.

 

The foregoing description of the Reincorporation, Merger Agreement, Nevada Articles, Nevada Series A COD and Nevada Bylaws does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Merger Agreement, the Nevada Articles, the Nevada Series A COD and the Nevada Bylaws, copies of which are filed as Exhibits 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3, respectively, to this Current Report and incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 5.03.      Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year

 

The information set forth under Item 3.03 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 9.01.      Financial Statements and Exhibits.

 

(d) Exhibits

 

Exhibit   Description
2.1   Agreement and Plan of Merger
3.1   Articles of Incorporation, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada  
3.2   Certificate of Designation of Series A Preferred Stock, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada  
3.3   Bylaws

 

 

 

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

  DATARAM CORPORATION
  (Registrant)
   
Date: January 8, 2016  
  /s/ David A. Moylan
  (Signature)
  David A. Moylan
  Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 2.1

 

Agreement and Plan of Merger of the Company into Dataram Corporation Nevada

 

 

This Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Plan”) is effective as of January 6, 2016, by and between Dataram Corporation, a New Jersey corporation (“Dataram New Jersey”), and Dataram Corporation, a Nevada corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Dataram New Jersey (“Dataram Nevada”).

 

WHEREAS, Dataram New Jersey is a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of New Jersey;

 

WHEREAS, Dataram Nevada is a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Nevada;

 

WHEREAS, as of the date hereof, Dataram New Jersey has authority to issue 59,000,000 shares of capital stock, consisting of 54,000,000 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value per share (“New Jersey Common Stock”), of which 4,119,154 shares are issued and outstanding and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock par value $0.01 per share (“New Jersey Preferred Stock”), consisting of 1,300,000 shares that are designated as Series A Preferred Stock (“New Jersey Series A Preferred Stock”), of which 523,300 shares are issued and outstanding, and 3,700,000 shares are undesignated;

 

WHEREAS, as of the date hereof, Dataram Nevada has authority to issue 59,000,000 shares of capital stock, consisting of 54,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share (“Nevada Common Stock”), of which ten shares are issued and outstanding and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock par value $0.001 per share (“Nevada Preferred Stock”), consisting of 1,300,000 shares that are designated as Series A Preferred Stock (“Nevada Series A Preferred Stock”), of which no shares are issued and outstanding, and 3,700,000 shares are undesignated, of which no shares are issued and outstanding;

 

WHEREAS, on the date hereof, the 10 shares of Nevada Common Stock that are issued and outstanding are owned by Dataram New Jersey;

 

WHEREAS, the respective boards of directors of Dataram Nevada and Dataram New Jersey have determined that, for the purpose of effecting the reincorporation of Dataram New Jersey in the State of Nevada, it is advisable and in the best interests of such corporations and their respective shareholders that Dataram New Jersey merge with and into Dataram Nevada upon the terms and conditions herein provided;

 

WHEREAS, the respective boards of directors of Dataram Nevada and Dataram New Jersey have approved this Plan; and

 

WHEREAS, the respective stockholders of Dataram Nevada and Dataram New Jersey have approved this Plan.

 

Page 1 of 5

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements and covenants set forth herein, Dataram New Jersey and Dataram Nevada hereby agree to merge as follows:

1. Merger . Subject to the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth, Dataram New Jersey shall be merged with and into Dataram Nevada, with Dataram Nevada to be the surviving corporation in the merger (the “Merger”). The Merger shall be effective on the later of the date and time (the “Effective Time”) that a properly executed certificate of merger consistent with the terms of this Plan and Section 14A:10-4.1 of the New Jersey Business Combination Act (the “NJBCA”) is filed with the Secretary of State of New Jersey or articles of merger are filed with the Secretary of the State of Nevada as required by Section 92A.200 of the Nevada Revised Statutes (the “NRS”).

 

2. Principal Office of Dataram Nevada . The address of the principal office of Dataram Nevada is 777 Alexander Rd. #100, Princeton, NJ 08540.

 

3. Corporate Documents . The Articles of Incorporation of Dataram Nevada, as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall continue to be the Articles of Incorporation of Dataram Nevada as the surviving corporation without change or amendment until further amended in accordance with the provisions thereof and applicable law. The Bylaws of Dataram Nevada, as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall continue to be the Bylaws of Dataram Nevada as the surviving corporation without change or amendment until further amended in accordance with the provisions thereof and applicable law.

 

4. Directors and Officers . The directors and officers of Dataram New Jersey at the Effective Time shall be and become directors and officers, holding the same titles and positions, of Dataram Nevada at the Effective Time, and after the Effective Time shall serve in accordance with the Bylaws of Dataram Nevada.

 

5. Succession . At the Effective Time, Dataram Nevada shall succeed to Dataram New Jersey in the manner of and as more fully set forth in Section 14A:10-6 of the NJBCA and in Section 92A.250 of the NRS.

 

6. Further Assurances . From time to time, as and when required by Dataram Nevada or by its successors and assigns, there shall be executed and delivered on behalf of Dataram New Jersey such deeds and other instruments, and there shall be taken or caused to be taken by it such further and other action, as shall be appropriate or necessary in order to vest or perfect in or to confer of record or otherwise in Dataram Nevada the title to and possession of all the interests, assets, rights, privileges, immunities, powers, franchises and authority of Dataram New Jersey, and otherwise to carry out the purposes and intent of this Plan, and the officers and directors of Dataram Nevada are fully authorized in the name and on behalf of Dataram New Jersey or otherwise to take any and all such actions and to execute and deliver any and all such deeds and other instruments.

 

Page 2 of 5

 

 

7. Common Stock and Preferred Stock of Dataram New Jersey . At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of the holder thereof, each share of New Jersey Common Stock and each share of New Jersey Series A Preferred Stock outstanding immediately prior thereto shall be changed and converted automatically into one fully paid and nonassessable share of Nevada Common Stock and one fully paid and nonassessable share of Nevada Series A Preferred Stock, respectively.

 

8. Stock Certificates . At and after the Effective Time, all of the outstanding certificates that prior to that time represented shares of New Jersey Common Stock or New Jersey Series A Preferred Stock shall be deemed for all purposes to evidence ownership of and to represent shares of Nevada Common Stock and Nevada Series A Preferred Stock, respectively, into which the shares of the New Jersey Common Stock and Nevada Series A Preferred Stock represented by such certificates have been converted as herein provided. The registered owner on the books and records of Dataram New Jersey or its transfer agent of any such outstanding stock certificate shall, until such certificate shall have been surrendered for transfer or otherwise accounted for to Dataram Nevada or its transfer agent, have and be entitled to exercise any voting and other rights with respect to and to receive any dividend and other distributions upon the shares of New Jersey Common Stock or New Jersey Series A Preferred Stock evidenced by such outstanding certificates as above provided.

 

9. Options; Warrants . Each option, warrant or other right to purchase shares of New Jersey Common Stock, which are outstanding at the Effective Time shall, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of the holder thereof, be converted into and become an option, warrant or right to purchase one share of Nevada Common Stock at an exercise or purchase price per share equal to the exercise or purchase price applicable to the option, warrant or other right to purchase New Jersey Common Stock.

 

10. Common Stock of Dataram Nevada . At the Effective Time, the previously outstanding ten shares of Nevada Common Stock registered in the name of Dataram New Jersey shall, by reason of the Merger, be reacquired by Dataram Nevada, shall be retired and shall resume the status of authorized and unissued shares of Nevada Common Stock, and no shares of Nevada Common Stock or other securities of Dataram Nevada shall be issued in respect thereof.

 

11. Amendment . The respective Boards of Directors of Dataram New Jersey and Dataram Nevada may amend this Plan at any time prior to the Merger, provided that an amendment made subsequent to the adoption of the Plan by the sole stockholder of Dataram Nevada or the shareholders of Dataram New Jersey shall not (i) alter or change the amount or kind of shares, securities, cash, property and/or rights to be received in exchange for the New Jersey Common Stock, (ii) alter or change any term of the Articles of Incorporation of Dataram Nevada, as the surviving corporation to the Merger, or (iii) alter or change any of the terms and conditions of the Plan if such alteration or change would adversely affect the holders of New Jersey Common Stock.

  

12. Abandonment . At any time before the Effective Time, this Plan may be terminated and the Merger contemplated hereby may be abandoned by the respective Board of Directors of either Dataram New Jersey or Dataram Nevada or both, notwithstanding approval of this Plan by the sole stockholder of Dataram Nevada or the shareholders of Dataram New Jersey, or both.

Page 3 of 5

 

13. Rights and Duties of Dataram Nevada . At the Effective Time and for all purposes the separate existence of Dataram New Jersey shall cease and shall be merged with and into Dataram Nevada, which, as the surviving corporation, shall thereupon and thereafter possess all the rights, privileges, immunities, licenses and franchises (whether of a public or private nature) of Dataram New Jersey; and all property (real, personal and mixed), all debts due on whatever account, all choices in action, and all and every other interest of or belonging to or due to Dataram New Jersey shall continue and be taken and deemed to be transferred to and vested in Dataram Nevada without further act or deed; and the title to any real estate, or any interest therein, vested in Dataram New Jersey shall not revert or be in any way impaired by reason of such Merger; and Dataram Nevada shall thenceforth be responsible and liable for all the liabilities and obligations of Dataram New Jersey; and, to the extent permitted by law, any claim existing, or action or proceeding pending, by or against Dataram New Jersey may be prosecuted as if the Merger had not taken place, or Dataram Nevada may be substituted in the place of such corporation. Neither the rights of creditors nor any liens upon the property of Dataram New Jersey shall be impaired by the Merger. If at any time Dataram Nevada shall consider or be advised that any further assignment or assurances in law or any other actions are necessary or desirable to vest the title of any property or rights of Dataram New Jersey in Dataram Nevada according to the terms hereof, the officers and directors of Dataram Nevada are empowered to execute and make all such proper assignments and assurances and do any and all other things necessary or proper to vest title to such property or other rights in Dataram Nevada, and otherwise to carry out the purposes of this Plan.

14. Consent to Service of Process . Dataram Nevada hereby agrees that it may be served with process in the State of New Jersey in any proceeding for enforcement of any obligation of Dataram New Jersey, as well as for enforcement of any obligation of Dataram Nevada arising from the Merger. Dataram Nevada hereby irrevocably appoints the Secretary of State of the State of New Jersey and the successors of such officer its attorney-in-fact in the State of New Jersey upon whom may be served any notice, process or pleading in any action or proceeding against it to enforce against Dataram Nevada any obligation of Dataram New Jersey. In the event of such service upon the Secretary of State of the State of New Jersey or the successors of such officer, such service shall be mailed to Dataram Nevada at Route 571, P.O. Box 7258, Princeton, New Jersey 08543 or delivered personally or by overnight mail to the principal executive officers of Dataram Nevada located at 777 Alexander Rd. #100, Princeton, NJ 08540.

 

 

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

 Page 4 of 5

 

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement and Plan of Merger, having first been duly approved by resolution of the respective Boards of Directors of Dataram New Jersey and Dataram Nevada, has been executed on behalf of each of said two corporations by their respective duly authorized officers.

 

 

 

DATARAM CORPORATION     DATARAM CORPORATION
a New Jersey corporation     a Nevada corporation
       
       
By: /s/ David A. Moylan     By: /s/ David A. Moylan
      David A. Moylan           David A. Moylan
      Chairman and Chief Executive Officer           Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

 

Page 5 of 5

 

Exhibit 3.1

 

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION

OF

DATARAM CORPORATION,

A Nevada corporation

 

 

ARTICLE I
NAME

 

The name of the corporation is Dataram Corporation (the "Corporation").

 

 

ARTICLE II
RESIDENT AGENT AND REGISTERED OFFICE

 

The name and address of the Corporation's resident agent for service of process is National Registered Agents, Inc. of NV, located at 311 S. Division Street, Carson City, NV 89703.

 

 

ARTICLE III
CAPITAL STOCK

  

3.01     Authorized Capital Stock.     The total number of shares of stock this Corporation is authorized to issue fifty nine million (59,000,000) shares. This stock shall be divided into two classes to be designated as "Common Stock" and "Preferred Stock."

 

3.02     Common Stock.     The total number of authorized shares of Common Stock shall be fifty four million (54,000,000) shares with par value of $0.001 per share.

 

3.03     Preferred Stock.     The total number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock shall be five million (5,000,000) shares with par value of $0.001 per share. The board of directors shall have the authority to authorize the issuance of the Preferred Stock from time to time in one or more classes or series, and to state in the resolution or resolutions from time to time adopted providing for the issuance thereof the following:

 

(a)   Whether or not the class or series shall have voting rights, full or limited, the nature and qualifications, limitations and restrictions on those rights, or whether the class or series will be without voting rights;

 

(b)   The number of shares to constitute the class or series and the designation thereof;

  

Page 1 of 4

 

(c)   The preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, if any, and the qualifications, limitations, or restrictions thereof, if any, with respect to any class or series;

       

(d)   Whether or not the shares of any class or series shall be redeemable and if redeemable, the redemption price or prices, and the time or times at which, and the terms and conditions upon which, such shares shall be redeemable and the manner of redemption;

        

(e)   Whether or not the shares of a class or series shall be subject to the operation of retirement or sinking funds to be applied to the purchase or redemption of such shares for retirement, and if such retirement or sinking funds be established, the amount and the terms and provisions thereof;

        

(f)    The dividend rate, whether dividends are payable in cash, stock of the Corporation, or other property, the conditions upon which and the times when such dividends are payable, the preference to or the relation to the payment of dividends payable on any other class or classes or series of stock, whether or not such dividend shall be cumulative or noncumulative, and if cumulative, the date or dates from which such dividends shall accumulate;

     

(g)   The preferences, if any, and the amounts thereof which the holders of any class or series thereof are entitled to receive upon the voluntary or involuntary dissolution of, or upon any distribution of assets of, the Corporation;

       

(h)   Whether or not the shares of any class or series are convertible into, or exchangeable for, the shares of any other class or classes or of any other series of the same or any other class or classes of stock of the Corporation and the conversion price or prices or ratio or ratios or the rate or rates at which such exchange may be made, with such adjustments, if any, as shall be stated and expressed or provided for in such resolution or resolutions; and

      

(i)    Such other rights and provisions with respect to any class or series as may to the board of directors seem advisable.

       

The shares of each class or series of the Preferred Stock may vary from the shares of any other class or series thereof in any respect. The Board of Directors may increase the number of shares of the Preferred Stock designated for any existing class or series by a resolution adding to such class or series authorized and unissued shares of the Preferred Stock not designated for any existing class or series of the Preferred Stock and the shares so subtracted shall become authorized, unissued and undesignated shares of the Preferred Stock.

 

 

ARTICLE IV

DIRECTORS

 

The number of directors comprising the Board of Directors shall be fixed and may be increased or decreased from time to time in the manner provided in the bylaws of the Corporation, except that at no time shall there be less than one director.

 

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ARTICLE V

PURPOSE

 

The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under Nevada Revised Statutes (“NRS”).

 

 

ARTICLE VI

DIRECTORS' AND OFFICERS' LIABILITY

 

The individual liability of the directors and officers of the Corporation is hereby eliminated to the fullest extent permitted by the NRS, as the same may be amended and supplemented. Any repeal or modification of this Article by the stockholders of the Corporation shall be prospective only, and shall not adversely affect any limitation on the personal liability of a director or officer of the Corporation for acts or omissions prior to such repeal or modification.

  

 

ARTICLE VII
INDEMNITY

 

Every person who was or is a party to, or is threatened to be made a party to, or is involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he, or a person of whom he is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, or as its representative in a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall be indemnified and held harmless to the fullest extent legally permissible under the laws of the State of Nevada from time to time against all expenses, liability and loss (including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by him in connection therewith. Such right of indemnification shall be a contract right which may be enforced in any manner desired by such person. The expenses of officers and directors incurred in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding must be paid by the Corporation as they are incurred and in advance of the final disposition of the action, suit or proceeding, upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay the amount if it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation. Such right of indemnification shall not be exclusive of any other right which such directors, officers or representatives may have or hereafter acquire, and, without limiting the generality of such statement, they shall be entitled to their respective rights of indemnification under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders, provision of law, or otherwise, as well as their rights under this Article.

 

Without limiting the application of the foregoing, the board of directors may adopt bylaws from time to time with respect to indemnification, to provide at all times the fullest indemnification permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, and may cause the Corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as director or officer of another corporation, or as its representative in a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprises against any liability asserted against such person and incurred in any such capacity or arising out of such status, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person.

 

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The indemnification provided in this Article shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent, and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such person.

 

 

 

Dated:  December 30, 2015 By: /s/ David A. Moylan
  David A. Moylan
  Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

 

Page 4 of 4

 

Exhibit 3.2

 

CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATION OF PREFERENCES,

RIGHTS AND LIMITATIONS

OF

SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK

 

The undersigned, Chief Executive Officer of Dataram Corporation, a Nevada corporation (the “Corporation”), DOES HEREBY CERTIFY that the following resolutions were duly adopted and approved by the Board of Directors of the Corporation on December 30, 2015:

 

WHEREAS, the Board of Directors is authorized within the limitations and restrictions stated in the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation to provide by resolution or resolutions for the issuance of Five Million (5,000,000) shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Corporation, in such series and with such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions as the Corporation’s Board of Directors shall fix by resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance thereof duly adopted by the Board of Directors; and

 

WHEREAS, it is the desire of the Board of Directors, pursuant to its authority as aforesaid, to authorize and fix the terms of a series of Preferred Stock and the number of shares constituting such series;

 

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED:

 

A.      Terms of the Series A Stock .

 

1.      Designation and Number . A series of preferred stock, designated the “ Series A Stock ”, is hereby established. The number of authorized shares of Series A Stock shall be 1,300,000.

 

2.      Maturity . The Series A Stock has no stated maturity and will not be subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption.

 

3.       Dividends .

 

(a) Dividends in Kind . Holders of Series A Stock (each, a “ Holder ” and collectively, the “ Holders ”) shall be entitled to receive, and the Corporation shall pay, out of funds of the corporation legally available for payment, preferential cumulative dividends at the rate of 8% per annum (equivalent to a fixed annual amount of $0.40 per share) (the “ Dividend Payments ”) of the stated value of $5.00, payable in arrears on the fifteenth (15th) calendar day of each quarter (the “ Dividend Payment Date ”), beginning on January 15, 2015 (with respect to the period beginning on the Original Issue Date (as defined below) and ending on December 31, 2014), in duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares of the Corporation’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “ Common Stock ”). The common stock to be issued as Dividend Payments shall be valued at the volume weighted average price (the “ VWAP ”) of the common stock over a ten (10) consecutive trading days ended on the second trading day immediately preceding the Dividend Payment Date.

 

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(b)      Dividend Calculations; Late Fees . Dividends on the Series A Stock shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year, consisting of twelve 30 calendar day periods, and shall accrue commencing on the date of the first issuance of any shares of Series A Stock (the “ Original Issue Date ”). Dividends shall cease to accrue with respect to any Series A Stock converted, provided that the Corporation actually delivers the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the shares of Series A Stock (the “ Conversion Shares ”) within the time period required by Subsection 7(b) herein. Any dividends that are not paid within three Trading Days (as defined below) following a Dividend Payment Date shall continue to accrue and shall entail a late fee, at a rate of 18% per annum or the lesser rate permitted by applicable law which shall accrue daily from the Dividend Payment Date through and including the date of actual payment of the dividend in full. So long as any Series A Stock shall remain outstanding, the Corporation shall not make any distribution upon any shares of common stock as long as any dividends due on the Series A Stock remain unpaid, nor shall any monies or capital stock be set aside for or applied to the purchase or redemption (through a sinking fund or otherwise) of any shares of common stock or any shares junior to or pari passu with the Series A Stock. Any dividend payment made on the Series A Stock shall first be credited against the earliest accrued but unpaid dividend due with respect to such shares which remains payable. Dividends on the Series A Stock will accrue whether or not the Corporation has earnings, whether or not there are funds legally available for the payment of such dividends, whether or not such dividends are declared and whether or not such dividends are prohibited by agreement.

 

4.      Liquidation Preference . Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Corporation (each, a “ Liquidation Event ”), the Holders of Series A Stock are entitled to be paid out of the assets of the corporation legally available for distribution to its shareholders a liquidation preference of $5.00 per share (the “ Liquidation Preference ”, or the “ Stated Value ”) in cash or property at its fair market value as determined by the Board of Directors of the Corporation, plus an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid dividends to the date of payment, before any distribution of assets is made to holders of the Corporation’s common stock or any other class or series of capital stock of the Corporation that ranks junior to the Series A Stock as to liquidation rights, including any other class or series of shares of the Corporation hereafter authorized over which the Series A Stock has preference or priority in the payment of dividends or in the distribution of assets on any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation. The Corporation will promptly provide to the Holders written notice of any event triggering the right to receive such Liquidation Preference. After payment of the full amount of the Liquidation Preference, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends to which they are entitled, the Holders will be entitled to a pro-rata distribution of the remaining assets of the Corporation, on the same terms and with the same rights as the holders of the Corporation’s common stock, on an as-converted basis. The consolidation or merger of the Corporation with or into any other corporation, trust or entity or of any other corporation, trust or entity with or into the Corporation, the sale, lease or conveyance of all or substantially all of the property or business of the Corporation or a statutory share exchange, shall not be deemed to constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, unless a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation is effected in connection with, or as a step in a series of transactions by which, a consolidation or merger of the Corporation is effected.

 

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5.      Redemption . The Corporation may not redeem the Series A Stock, in whole or in part.

 

6.      Voting Rights .

 

(a)      Negative Covenants . So long as any shares of Series A Stock remain outstanding or a Holder has an exercisable put option pursuant to the Definitive Agreement (as defined below), the Corporation will not, without the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of Series A Stock entitled to cast at least ninety percent (90%) of the votes entitled to be cast by the Holders of the Series A Stock, given in person or by proxy, either in writing or at a meeting (voting separately as a class):

 

(i)     amend, alter or repeal the provisions of the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws, whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise;

 

(ii)     authorize, create or issue any class or series of capital stock or rights to subscribe to or acquire any class or series of capital stock or any class or series of capital stock convertible into any class or series of capital stock, in each case ranking senior or pari passu to the Series A Stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or reclassify any shares of capital stock into any such shares;

(iii)     increase the authorized amount of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation;

(iv)      authorize the payment of any dividends or distributions on any class or series of capital stock other than those dividends to which Holders of Series A Stock are entitled under subsection 3 hereto;

 

(v)     redeem or repurchase any shares of common stock or preferred stock except purchases at cost upon termination of services of an employee of, or consultant to, the Corporation or pursuant to the exercise by the Corporation of contractual rights of first refusal over any such shares;

 

(vi)     consummate any Liquidation Event;

 

(vii)     increase or decrease the size of the Corporation’s Board of Directors; or  

(viii)     take any other action that may result in any adverse change to the rights, preferences, and privileges of the Holders of Series A Stock.    

 

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(b)      Board of Directo rs. Except as set forth in subsection 6(a) herein, Holders will be entitled to voting rights on an as-converted to common stock basis; provided, however, that, solely for the purposes of determination of voting rights under this Subsection 6, the Market Price (as defined below) shall be the conversion price per share of common stock at which the Series A Stock is convertible into shares of common stock. “ Market Price ” shall mean the closing bid price of the common Stock on the date immediately preceding the date upon which the Corporation first entered into a definitive agreement for the sale and issuance of Series A Stock (the “ Definitive Agreement ”). Except as specified in this Subsection 6, or as otherwise required by applicable law, Holders will not have any additional voting rights as a series or class. At any time, before, on or after the Original Issue Date, a Holder for itself only, may limit the amount of “as-converted to Common Stock” shares such Holder may vote pursuant to this Section 6(b) to an amount not in excess of the amount of shares of common stock that could be issued to such Holder without exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below).

 

7.      Conversion .

 

(a)      Subject to and upon compliance with the provisions of this Subsection 7, a Holder shall have the right, at the Holder’s option, at any time, to convert such shares of Series A Stock, in whole or in part, into the number of authorized but previously unissued shares of common stock and accrued dividends obtained by dividing the aggregate Stated Value of such shares by $2.00, the conversion price per share of common stock at which the Series A Stock is convertible into shares of common stock, as such price may be adjusted pursuant to Subsection 8 (the “ Conversion Price ”). Holders shall effect conversions by providing the Corporation with the form of conversion notice attached hereto as Annex A (a “ Notice of Conversion ”). Each Notice of Conversion shall specify the number of shares of Series A Stock to be converted, the number of shares of Series A Stock owned prior to the conversion at issue and the date on which such conversion is to be effected, which date may not be prior to the date the applicable Holder delivers by facsimile such Notice of Conversion to the Corporation (such date, the “ Conversion Date ”). If no Conversion Date is specified in a Notice of Conversion, the Conversion Date shall be the date that such Notice of Conversion to the Corporation is deemed delivered hereunder. The calculations and entries set forth in the Notice of Conversion shall control in the absence of manifest or mathematical error.

 

(b)      Not later than three (3) Trading Days (as defined below) after each Conversion Date (the “ Share Delivery Date ”), the Corporation shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the converting Holder, a certificate or certificates representing the Conversion Shares representing the number of Conversion Shares being acquired upon the conversion of the Series A Stock. If, in the case of any Notice of Conversion, such certificate or certificates are not delivered to or as directed by the applicable Holder by the Share Delivery Date, the Holder shall be entitled to elect by written notice to the Corporation at any time on or before its receipt of such certificate or certificates, to rescind such conversion, in which event the Corporation and the Holder shall promptly return to the Corporation the common stock certificates issued to such Holder pursuant to the rescinded Conversion Notice. The aforedescribed rescission notwithstanding, the Holder will be entitled to liquidated and other damages, if any. “ Trading Day ” shall mean any day on which the securities in question are traded on the principal national securities exchange on which such securities are listed or admitted, or if not listed or admitted for trading on any national securities exchange, on the Nasdaq National Market, or if such securities are not quoted on the Nasdaq National Market, in the applicable securities market in which the securities are traded.

 

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(c)     No fractional shares or scrip representing fractions of common stock shall be issued upon conversion of the Series A Stock. Instead of any fractional interest in a share of common stock that would otherwise be deliverable upon the conversion of a share of Series A Stock, the Corporation shall pay to the Holder of such share an amount in cash based upon the Current Market Price of common stock on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of conversion. “ Current Market Price ” of the common stock of the Corporation for any day shall mean the last reported sales price on such day or, if no sale takes place on such day, the average of the reported closing bid and asked prices on such day, in either case as reported on the principal national securities exchange on which such security is listed or admitted for trading or, if not listed or admitted for trading on any national securities exchange, on the Nasdaq National Market or, if such security is not quoted on the Nasdaq National Market, the average of the closing bid and asked prices on such day in the over-the-counter market as reported by Nasdaq or, if bid and asked prices for such security on such day shall not have been reported through Nasdaq, the average of the bid and asked prices on such day as furnished by any AMEX member firm regularly making a market in such security and selected for such purpose by the Board of Directors of the Corporation or, if such security is not so listed or quoted, as determined in good faith at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, which determination shall be final, conclusive and binding. If more than one share of Series A Stock shall be surrendered for conversion at one time by the same Holder, the number of full shares of common stock issuable upon conversion thereof shall be computed on the basis of the aggregate number of shares of Series A Stock so surrendered.

  

(d)     If the Corporation fails to deliver to a Holder such certificate or certificates pursuant to Section 7(b) on the third Trading Day after the Share Delivery Date applicable to such conversion, the Corporation shall pay to such Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as penalty, for each $5,000 of Stated Value of Series A Stock being converted, $50 per Trading Day (increasing to $100 per Trading Day on the third Trading Day and increasing to $200 per Trading Day on the sixth Trading Day after such damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such third Trading Day after the Share Delivery Date until such certificates are delivered or Holder rescinds such conversion. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue actual damages for the Corporation’s failure to deliver Conversion Shares within the period specified herein and such Holder shall have the right to pursue all remedies available to it hereunder, in law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or damages pursuant to any other Section hereof or under applicable law.

 

(e)     In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Corporation fails for any reason to deliver to a Holder the applicable certificate or certificates by the Share Delivery Date pursuant to Section 7(b), and if after such Share Delivery Date such Holder is required by its brokerage firm to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise), or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of common stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by such Holder of the Conversion Shares which such Holder was entitled to receive upon the conversion relating to such Share Delivery Date (a “ Buy-In ”), then the Corporation shall (A) pay in cash to such Holder (in addition to any other remedies available to or elected by such Holder) the amount, if any, by which (x) such Holder’s total purchase price (including any brokerage commissions) for the common stock so purchased exceeds (y) the product of (1) the aggregate number of shares of common stock that such

 

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Holder was entitled to receive from the conversion at issue multiplied by (2) the actual sale price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed (including any brokerage commissions) and (B) at the option of such Holder, either reissue (if surrendered) the shares of Series A Stock equal to the number of shares of Series A Stock submitted for conversion (in which case, such conversion shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to such Holder the number of shares of common stock that would have been issued if the Corporation had timely complied with its delivery requirements under Section 7(b). For example, if a Holder purchases shares of common stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted conversion of shares of Series A Stock with respect to which the actual sale price of the Conversion Shares (including any brokerage commissions) giving rise to such purchase obligation was a total of $10,000 under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence, the Corporation shall be required to pay such Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Corporation written notice indicating the amounts payable to such Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Corporation, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Corporation’s failure to timely deliver certificates representing shares of common stock upon conversion of shares of Series A Stock as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

(f)     The Corporation shall not affect any conversion of the Series A Stock, and a Holder shall not have the right to convert any portion of the Series A Stock, to the extent that, after giving effect to the conversion set forth on the applicable Notice of Conversion, such Holder (together with such Holder’s Affiliates, and any Persons acting as a group together with such Holder or any such Holder’s Affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by such Holder and its Affiliates shall include the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A Stock with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of common stock which are issuable upon (i) conversion of the remaining unconverted Stated Value of the Series A Stock beneficially owned by such Holder or any of its Affiliates and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Corporation subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein (including, without limitation, the Series A Stock) beneficially owned by such Holder or any of its Affiliates. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 7(f), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 7(f) applies, the determination of whether the Series A Stock is convertible (in relation to other securities owned by such Holder together with any Affiliates) and of how many shares of Series A Stock are convertible shall be deemed to be such Holder’s determination of whether the shares of Series A Stock may be converted (in relation to other securities owned by such Holder together with any Affiliates) and how many shares of the Series A Stock are convertible, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). To ensure compliance with this restriction, each Holder will be deemed to represent to the Corporation each time it delivers a Notice of Conversion that such Notice of Conversion has not violated the restrictions set forth in this paragraph and the Corporation shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with

 

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Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulation promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 7(f), in determining the number of outstanding shares of common stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of common stock as stated in the most recent of the following: (i) the Corporation’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as the case may be, (ii) a more recent public announcement by the Corporation, or (iii) a more recent written notice by the Corporation or the transfer agent setting forth the number of shares of common stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Corporation shall within two Trading Days confirm orally and in writing to such Holder the number of shares of common stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of common stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Corporation, including the Series A Stock, by such Holder or its Affiliates since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of common stock was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99%, unless a Holder elects on its signature page to the Definitive Agreement a different amount for its own Beneficial Ownership Limitation of the number of shares of the common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A Stock held by the applicable Holder. A Holder, upon not less than 61 days’ prior notice to the Corporation, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 7(f) applicable to its Series A Stock. Any such increase or decrease will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Corporation and shall only apply to such Holder and no other Holder. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 7(f) to correct this paragraph (or any portion thereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation contained herein or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to any successor holder of Series A Stock.

 

8.      Certain Adjustments

 

(a)       Stock Dividends and Stock Splits . If the Corporation, at any time while this Series A Stock is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions payable in shares of common stock on shares of common stock, or on any securities of the Corporation which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time common stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, rights, options, warrants or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive common stock (“ Common Stock Equivalents ”) (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of common stock issued by the Corporation upon conversion of, or payment of a dividend on, the Series A Stock), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of common stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of a reverse stock split) outstanding shares of common stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues, in the event of a reclassification of shares of the common stock, any shares of capital stock of the Corporation, then the Conversion Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of common stock (excluding any treasury shares of the Corporation) outstanding immediately before such event, and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after such event. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Subsection 8(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re classification.

 

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(b)      Subsequent Equity Sales . If, at any time while this Series A Stock is outstanding, the Corporation sells or grants any option to purchase or sells or grants any right to reprice, or otherwise disposes of or issues (or announces any sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition), any common stock or Common Stock Equivalents entitling any person to acquire shares of common stock at an effective price per share that is lower than the then Conversion Price (such lower price, the “Base Conversion Price” and such issuances, collectively, a “Dilutive Issuance”) (if the holder of the common stock or Common Stock Equivalents so issued shall at any time, whether by operation of purchase price adjustments, reset provisions, floating conversion, exercise or exchange prices or otherwise, or due to warrants, options or rights per share which are issued in connection with such issuance, be entitled to receive shares of common stock at an effective price per share that is lower than the Conversion Price, such issuance shall be deemed to have occurred for less than the Conversion Price on such date of the Dilutive Issuance), then the Conversion Price shall be reduced to equal the Base Conversion Price. Such adjustment shall be made whenever such common stock or Common Stock Equivalents are issued. The Corporation shall notify the Holders in writing, no later than the Trading Day following the issuance of any common stock or Common Stock Equivalents subject to this Subsection 8(b), indicating therein the applicable issuance price, or applicable reset price, exchange price, conversion price and other pricing terms (such notice, the “ Dilutive Issuance Notice ”). For purposes of clarification, whether or not the Corporation provides a Dilutive Issuance Notice pursuant to this Subsection 8(b), upon the occurrence of any Dilutive Issuance, the holders are entitled to receive a number of Conversion Shares based upon the Base Conversion Price on or after the date of such Dilutive Issuance, regardless of whether a Holder accurately refers to the Base Conversion Price in the Notice of Conversion. 

 

(c)      Subsequent Rights Offerings . If the Corporation, at any time while this Series A Stock is outstanding, shall issue rights, options or warrants to all holders of common stock entitling them to subscribe for or purchase shares of common stock that are exercisable at a price per share that is lower than the Conversion Price (such lower price, the “ Rights Conversion Price ”) , then the Conversion Price shall be reduced to equal the Rights Conversion Price. If the Corporation shall issue rights, options or warrants to all holders of common stock where the Rights Conversion Price is lower than VWAP but greater than the Conversion Price on the record date referenced below, then the Conversion Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of the common stock outstanding on the date of issuance of such rights, options or warrants plus the number of additional shares of common stock offered for subscription or purchase, and of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of the common stock outstanding on the date of issuance of such rights, options or warrants plus the number of shares which the aggregate offering price of the total number of shares so offered (assuming delivery to the Corporation in full of all consideration payable upon exercise of such rights, options or warrants) would purchase at such VWAP. Such adjustment shall be made whenever such rights, options or warrants are issued, and shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such rights, options or warrants.

 

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(d)      Pro Rata Distributions . If the Corporation, at any time while this Series A Stock is outstanding, distributes to all holders of common stock evidences of its indebtedness or assets (including cash and cash dividends) or rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any security (other than the common stock, which shall be subject to Subsection 8(b)), then in each such case the Conversion Price shall be adjusted by multiplying such Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to the record date fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to receive such distribution by a fraction of which the denominator shall be the VWAP determined as of the record date mentioned above, and of which the numerator shall be such VWAP on such record date less the then fair market value at such record date of the portion of such assets or evidence of indebtedness or rights or warrants so distributed applicable to one outstanding share of the common stock as determined by the Board of Directors of the Corporation in good faith. In either case the adjustments shall be described in a statement delivered to the Holders describing the portion of assets or evidences of indebtedness so distributed or such subscription rights applicable to one share of common stock. Such adjustment shall be made whenever any such distribution is made and shall become effective immediately after the record date mentioned above.

 

(e)      Fundamental Transaction . If, at any time while this Series A Stock is outstanding, (i) the Corporation, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Corporation, (ii) the Corporation, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Corporation or another person) is completed pursuant to which holders of common stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding common stock , (iv) the Corporation, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the common stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the common stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, (v) the Corporation, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with another person whereby such other person acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of common stock (not including any shares of common stock held by the other person or other persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination) (each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent conversion of this Series A Stock, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Conversion Share that would have been issuable upon such conversion immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, the number of shares of common stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Corporation, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “ Alternate Consideration ”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of common stock for which this Series A Stock is convertible immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction. For purposes of any such conversion, the determination of the Conversion Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of common stock in such Fundamental

 

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Transaction, and the Corporation shall apportion the Conversion Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of common stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder of Series A Stock shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any conversion of this Series A Stock following such Fundamental Transaction. To the extent necessary to effectuate the foregoing provisions, any successor to the corporation or surviving entity in such Fundamental Transaction shall file a new certificate of designation with the same terms and conditions and issue to the Holders new preferred stock consistent with the foregoing provisions and evidencing the Holders’ right to convert such preferred stock into Alternate Consideration. The Corporation shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Corporation is not the survivor (the “ Successor Entity ”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Corporation under the Certificate of Incorporation and any applicable transaction documents (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) in accordance with the provisions of this Subsection 8(e) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder of this Series A Stock, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Series A Stock a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Series A Stock which is convertible for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of common stock acquirable and receivable upon conversion of this Series A Stock (without regard to any limitations on the conversion of this Series A Stock) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with a conversion price which applies the conversion price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of common stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such conversion price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Series A Stock immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and the other Transaction Documents referring to the “Corporation” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Corporation and shall assume all of the obligations of the Corporation under the Certificate of Incorporation and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Corporation herein.

 

(f)      Calculations . All calculations under this Subsection 8 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Subsection 8, the number of shares of common stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of common stock (excluding any treasury shares of the Corporation) issued and outstanding.

 

(g)      Notice to the Holders .

 

(i)      Adjustment to Conversion Price . Whenever the Conversion Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Subsection 8, the Corporation shall promptly deliver to each Holder a notice setting forth the Conversion Price after such adjustment and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.

 

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(ii)      Notice to Allow Conversion by Holder . If (A) the Corporation shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the common stock , (B) the Corporation shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the common stock , (C) the Corporation shall authorize the granting to all holders of the common stock of rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Corporation shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the common stock , any consolidation or merger to which the Corporation is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the common stock is converted into other securities, cash or property or (E) the Corporation shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Corporation, then, in each case, the Corporation shall cause to be filed at each office or agency maintained for the purpose of conversion of this Series A Stock, and shall cause to be delivered to each Holder at its last address as it shall appear upon the stock books of the Corporation, at least twenty (20) calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the common stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the common stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the common stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange, provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Corporation, the Corporation shall simultaneously file such notice with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to convert the sum of the Stated Value of this Series A Stock (or any part hereof) during the 20-day period commencing on the date of such notice through the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

  

(h)      Transfer Agent Certificate . Whenever the Conversion Price is adjusted as herein provided, the Corporation shall promptly file with the transfer agent of the Corporation an officer’s certificate setting forth the Conversion Price after such adjustment and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment, which certificate shall be conclusive evidence of the correctness of such adjustment absent manifest error. Promptly after delivery of such certificate, the Corporation shall prepare a notice of such adjustment of the Conversion Price, setting forth the adjusted Conversion Price and the effective date on which such adjustment becomes effective and shall mail such notice of such adjustment of the Conversion Price to the holder of each share of Series A Stock at such holder’s last address as shown on the share records of the Corporation. No adjustment in the Conversion Price shall be made by the Corporation unless such reduced Conversion Price shall be in effect for a period of at least 10 business days.

 

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(i)      Other Actions Affecting Holders . If the Corporation shall take any action affecting the common stock , other than an action described in this subsection 8, that in the opinion of the Board of Directors of the Corporation would materially and adversely affect the conversion rights of the Holders, the Conversion Price for the Series A Stock may be adjusted, to the extent permitted by law, in such manner, if any, and at such time, as the Board of Directors of the Corporation, in its reasonable discretion, may determine to be equitable under the circumstances.

 

(j)      Reserved Common Stock for Conversion . The Corporation covenants that it will at all times reserve and keep available, free from preemptive rights, out of the aggregate of its authorized but unissued common stock , for the purpose of effecting conversion of the Series A Stock and paying dividends with shares of common stock , the full number of shares of common stock deliverable upon the conversion of all outstanding Series A Stock not theretofore converted and payment with shares of common stock of the maximum amount of dividends which may accrue through four years after the Original Issue Date. For purposes of this paragraph (j), the number of shares of common stock that shall be deliverable upon the conversion of all outstanding Series A Stock shall be computed as if at the time of computation all such outstanding shares were held by a single Holder.

 

The Corporation covenants that any common stock issued upon conversion of the Series A Stock shall be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. Before taking any action that would cause an adjustment reducing the Conversion Price below the then par value of the common stock deliverable upon conversion of the Series A Stock, the Corporation will take any action that, in the opinion of its counsel, may be necessary in order that the Corporation may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable common stock at such adjusted Conversion Price.

 

(k)       Transfer Tax . The Corporation will pay any and all documentary stamp or similar issue or transfer taxes payable in respect of the issue or delivery of common stock or other securities or property on conversion of the Series A Stock pursuant hereto; provided, however, that the Corporation shall not be required to pay any tax that may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issue or delivery of common stock or other securities or property in a name other than that of the holder of the Series A Stock to be converted, and no such issue or delivery shall be made unless and until the person requesting such issue or delivery has paid to the Corporation the amount of any such tax or has established, to the reasonable satisfaction of the Corporation, that such tax has been paid.

 

(l)      No Reissuance . After a share of Series A Stock has been converted or redeemed, it shall not be reissued. In addition to the foregoing adjustments, the Corporation shall be entitled to make such reductions in the Conversion Price, in addition to those required herein, as it in its discretion considers to be advisable in order that any share distributions, subdivisions of shares, reclassification or combination of shares, distribution of rights, options, warrants to purchase shares or securities, or a distribution of other assets (other than cash distributions) will not be taxable or, if that is not possible, to diminish any income taxes that are otherwise payable because of such event.

 

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6.      Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws . The rights of all Holders of the Series A Stock and the terms of the Series A Stock are subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and the By-laws of the Corporation.

 

7.      Exclusion of Other Rights . Except as may otherwise be required by law, the Series A Stock shall not have any voting powers, preferences or relative, participating, optional or other special rights, other than those specifically set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation (as such may be amended from time to time). The Series A Stock shall have no preemptive or subscription rights.

 

8.      Headings of Subdivisions . The headings of the various subdivisions hereof are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of any of the provisions hereof.

  

9.      Severability of Provisions . If any voting powers, preferences or relative, participating, optional and other special rights of the Series A Stock or qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation (as such may be amended from time to time) is invalid, unlawful or incapable of being enforced by reason of any rule of law or public policy, all other voting powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights of Series A Stock and qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation (as so amended) which can be given effect without the invalid, unlawful or unenforceable voting powers, preferences or relative, participating, optional or other special rights of Series A Stock or qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof shall be given such effect. None of the voting powers, preferences or relative participating, optional or other special rights of the Series A Stock or qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof herein set forth shall be deemed dependent upon any other such voting powers, preferences or relative, participating, optional or other special right of Series A Stock or qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof unless so expressed herein.

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Certificate this 30 th day of December, 2015.

 

 

  DATARAM CORPORATION
     
     
  By:  /s/ David A. Moylan
    David A. Moylan
    Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

 

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Exhibit 3.3

BYLAWS

OF

DATARAM CORPORATION

(a Nevada Corporation)

Adopted as of December 30, 2015

 

 

ARTICLE I
OFFICES

 

1. Registered Office . The registered office of Dataram Corporation (the “Corporation”) in the State of Nevada shall be in such location as the directors determine in the State of Nevada.

 

2. Other Offices . The Corporation shall also have and maintain an office or principal place of business at such place as may be fixed by the Board of Directors, and may also have offices at such other places, both within and without the State of Nevada as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.

 

 

ARTICLE II
CORPORATE SEAL

 

1. Corporate Seal . The corporate seal shall consist of a die bearing the name of the Corporation and the inscription, “Corporate Seal-Nevada.” Said seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.

 

 

ARTICLE III
SHARES OF STOCK

 

1. Certificates Representing Stock; Uncertificated Shares.
a. Form and Execution of Certificates . Certificates for the shares of stock of the Corporation shall be in such form as is consistent with the Articles of Incorporation and applicable law. Every holder of stock in the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by or in the name of the Corporation by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or any Vice President and by the Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer, Secretary or Assistant Secretary, certifying the number of shares owned by him in the Corporation. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be facsimiles. In case any officer, transfer agent, or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the date of issue.

 

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b. Legends and Restrictions . Each certificate shall state upon the face or back thereof, in full or in summary, all of the powers, designations, preferences, and rights, and the limitations or restrictions of the shares authorized to be issued or shall, except as otherwise required by law, set forth on the face or back a statement that the Corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional, or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of uncertificated stock, the Corporation shall send to the registered owner thereof a written notice containing the information required to be set forth or stated on certificates pursuant to this section or otherwise required by law or with respect to this section a statement that the Corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. Except as otherwise expressly provided by law, the rights and obligations of the holders of certificates representing stock of the same class and series shall be identical.

 

c. Lost, Stolen, or Destroyed Certificates . A new certificate or certificates shall be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen, or destroyed. The Corporation may require, as a condition precedent to the issuance of a new certificate or certificates, the owner of such lost, stolen, or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as it shall require or to give the Corporation a surety bond in such form and amount as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed.

 

2. Fractional Share Interests . The Corporation may, but shall not be required to, issue fractions of a share.

 

3. Stock Transfers.
a. Transfers of Record . Transfers of record of shares of stock of the Corporation shall be made only upon its books by the holders thereof, in person or by attorney duly authorized, and upon the surrender of a properly endorsed certificate or certificates for a like number of shares.

 

b. Restriction on Transfer by Contract . The Corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any agreement with any number of stockholders of any one or more classes of stock of the Corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the Corporation of any one or more classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not prohibited by the Nevada Revised Statutes.

 

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b. Restriction on Transfer of Unregistered Shares . If the Corporation issues any shares which are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933 and registered or qualified under any applicable state securities laws, the Corporation may restrict transfer of the shares and may place an appropriate legend on the certificates representing the shares restricting transfer and requiring an opinion of counsel acceptable to the Corporation before transmitting any transfer regarding compliance with applicable securities laws.

 

4. Registered Stockholders . The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Nevada.

 

 

ARTICLE IV
STOCKHOLDERS’ MEETINGS

 

1. Place of Meeting . Meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be held at such place, either within or without the State of Nevada, as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors, or, if not so designated, then at the office of the Corporation required to be maintained pursuant to Article I, Section 1.

 

2. Annual Meeting.
a. Time and Place of Annual Meeting . The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, for the purpose of election of directors and for such other business as may lawfully come before it, shall be held on such date and at such time as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors.

 

b. Advance Notice of Business Before a Meeting.
i. General . At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be:
A. specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof);

 

B. otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof); or

 

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C. otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder of the Corporation who (1) is a stockholder of record at the time of giving notice provided for in this Article IV, Section 2 on the record date for the meeting, and at the time of the meeting, (2) is entitled to vote at the meeting, and (3) complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Article IV, Section 2.

 

ii. Timing of Notice by a Stockholder . For business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the sixtieth (60th) day nor earlier than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that no annual meeting was held in the previous year or the date of the annual meeting has been changed by more than thirty (30) days from the date contemplated at the time of the previous year’s proxy statement, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not earlier than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the sixtieth (60th) day prior to such annual meeting or, in the event public announcement of the date of such annual meeting is first made by the Corporation fewer than seventy (70) days prior to the date of such annual meeting, the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Corporation. For purposes of this Article IV, Section 2, “public announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”).

 

iii. Content of Stockholder’s Notice . To be in proper form, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary must set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting:
A. a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting;

 

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B. the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, of the stockholder proposing such business, and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made. For the purpose of these Bylaws, “beneficially owned” (and phrases of similar import), when referring to shares owned by a person, shall mean all shares which such person is deemed to beneficially own pursuant to Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the 1934 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, including shares which are beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by any other person with which such person has any agreement, arrangement or understanding for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of any shares of the capital stock of the Corporation;

 

C. as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, and including any interests described below held by any member of such stockholder’s or beneficial owner’s immediate family sharing the same household, as of the date of such stockholder’s notice (which information shall be confirmed or updated, if necessary, by such stockholder and beneficial owner not later than ten days after the record date for the meeting to disclose such ownership as of the record date): (1) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are, directly or indirectly, beneficially owned and owned of record by such stockholder and beneficial owner; (2) the class or series, if any, and number of options, warrants, convertible securities, stock appreciation rights or similar rights with an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to any class or series of shares or other securities of the Corporation or with a value derived in whole or in part from the value of any class or series of shares or other securities of the Corporation, whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to settlement in the underlying class or series of shares or other securities of the Corporation (each, a “Derivative Security”), which are, directly or indirectly, beneficially owned by such stockholder and beneficial owner; (3) a description of any other direct or indirect opportunity to profit or share in any profit (including any performance-based fees) derived from any increase or decrease in the value of shares or other securities of the Corporation; (4) any proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding, or relationship pursuant to which such stockholder or beneficial owner has a right to vote any shares or other securities of

 

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the Corporation; (5) any rights to dividends on the shares of the Corporation owned beneficially by such stockholder or such beneficial owner that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation; (6) any proportionate interest in shares of the Corporation or Derivative Securities held, directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership in which such stockholder or beneficial owner is a general partner or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in a general partner, if any; and (7) a description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings between such stockholder or beneficial owner and any other person(s) (including their name(s)) in connection with or related to the ownership or voting of capital stock of the Corporation or Derivative Securities;

 

D. any material interest of the stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, including a description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings between such stockholder or beneficial owner and any other person(s) (including the name(s) of such other person(s)) in connection with or related to the proposal of such business by the stockholder;

 

if the matter such stockholder proposes to bring before any meeting of stockholders involves an amendment to the Corporation’s Bylaws, the specific wording of such proposed amendment;

 

E. a representation that such stockholder is a holder of record of shares of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and that such stockholder or its agent or designee intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to bring such business before the meeting;

 

F. a statement as to whether either such stockholder or beneficial owner will deliver a proxy statement and form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s voting share required under applicable law to approve the proposal and/or otherwise solicit proxies from stockholder in support of such proposal; and

 

G. any other information that is required to be provided by the stockholder pursuant to Regulation 14A under the 1934 Act, in his capacity as a proponent to a stockholder proposal.

 

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Notwithstanding the foregoing, in order to include information with respect to a stockholder proposal in the proxy statement and form of proxy for a stockholder’s meeting, stockholders must provide notice as required by the regulations promulgated under the 1934 Act.

 

c. Advance Notice of Director Nominations.
i. General . Unless otherwise required by applicable law or the Articles of Incorporation, only persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Article IV, Section 2(c) shall be eligible for election as directors, except as may otherwise be provided in the instrument of designation of any series of preferred stock of the Corporation to nominate and elect a specified number of directors. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation may be made at a meeting of stockholders by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or by any stockholder of the Corporation entitled to vote in the election of directors at the meeting who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Article IV, Section 2(c).

 

ii. Timing of Notice by a Stockholder . Director nominations, other than those made by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, shall be made pursuant to timely notice in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation in accordance with the provisions of Article IV, Section 2(b). Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors of the Corporation at any Annual Meeting of Stockholders is increased and there is no public announcement specifying the size of the increased Board of Directors made by the Corporation or naming all of the nominees for director at least fifty five days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders, then a stockholder’s notice required by this section will also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it is delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.

 

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iii. Content of Stockholder’s Notice . A stockholder’s notice for nomination of a director shall set forth:
A. as to each person, if any, whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a director: (A) the name, age, business address and residence address of such person, (B) the principal occupation or employment of such person, (C) the class and number of shares of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by such person, (D) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material agreements, arrangements and understandings during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, and their respective affiliates and associates, on the one hand, and each proposed nominee and his or her respective affiliates and associates, on the other hand, including all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Rule 404 promulgated under Regulation S-K if the stockholder making the nomination and any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made, or any affiliate or associate thereof were the “registrant” for purposes of such rule and the nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant; and, and (E) any other information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the 1934 Act (including without limitation such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement, if any, as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected); and

 

B. as to such stockholder giving notice, or beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, the information required to be provided pursuant to Article IV, Section 2(b). At the request of the Board of Directors, any person nominated by a stockholder for election as a director shall furnish to the Secretary of the Corporation that information required to be set forth in the stockholder’s notice of nomination which pertains to the nominee. The Corporation may require any nominee to furnish a director’s and officer’s questionnaire to determine the eligibility of such nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation. No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Article IV, Section 2(c).

 

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d. Determination by Chairman . Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at any annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Article IV, Section 2. The chairman of the annual meeting, or special meeting if applicable, shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare at the meeting that business or a proposed nomination was not properly brought before the meeting and in accordance with the provisions of this Article IV, Section 2, and, if he should so determine, he shall so declare at the meeting that any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted, or any defective nomination shall be disregarded.

 

3. Special Meetings.
a. Calling of Meeting . Special meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation may only be called, for any purpose or purposes, by (i) the Chairman of the Board of Directors, (ii) the Chief Executive Officer, or (iii) the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the total number of authorized directors (whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized directorships at the time any such resolution is presented to the Board of Directors for adoption), and shall be held at such place, on such date, and at such time as the Board of Directors, shall determine.

 

b. Notice and Timing of Meeting . If a special meeting is called by any person or persons other than the Board of Directors, the request shall be in writing, specifying the general nature of the business proposed to be transacted, and shall be delivered personally or sent by registered mail or by telegraphic or other facsimile transmission to the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Secretary of the Corporation. No business may be transacted at such special meeting otherwise than specified in such notice. The Board of Directors shall determine the time and place of such special meeting, which shall be held not less than thirty-five (35) nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days after the date of the receipt of the request. Upon determination of the time and place of the meeting, the officer receiving the request shall cause notice to be given to the stockholders entitled to vote, in accordance with the provisions of Article IV , Section 4 of these Bylaws. If the notice is not given within sixty (60) days after the receipt of the request, the person or persons requesting the meeting may set the time and place of the meeting and give the notice. Nothing contained in this Article IV, Section 3 (b) shall be construed as limiting, fixing, or affecting the time when a meeting of stockholders called by action of the Board of Directors may be held.

 

4. Notice of Meeting by the Board of Directors . Except as otherwise provided by law or the Articles of Incorporation, written notice of each meeting of stockholders shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting, such notice to specify the place, date and hour and purpose or purposes of the meeting. Notice of the time, place and purpose of any meeting of stockholders may be waived in writing, signed by the person entitled to notice thereof, either before or after such meeting, and will be waived by any stockholder by his attendance in person or by proxy, except when the stockholder attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Any stockholder so waiving notice of such meeting shall be bound by the proceedings of any such meeting in all respects as if due notice thereof had been given.

 

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5. Quorum . At all meetings of stockholders, except where otherwise provided by statute or by the Articles of Incorporation, or by these Bylaws, the presence, in person or by proxy duly authorized, of the holder or holders of not less than a majority of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. In the absence of a quorum, any meeting of stockholders may be adjourned, from time to time, either by the chairman of the meeting or by vote of the holders of a majority of the shares represented thereat, but no other business shall be transacted at such meeting. The stockholders present at a duly called or convened meeting, at which a quorum is present, may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, all action taken by the holders of a majority of the votes cast, excluding abstentions, at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be valid and binding upon the Corporation; provided, however, that directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors. Where a separate vote by a class or classes or series is required, except where otherwise provided by the statute or by the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a majority of the outstanding shares of such class or classes or series, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum entitled to take action with respect to that vote on that matter and, except where otherwise provided by the statute or by the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the affirmative vote of the majority (plurality, in the case of the election of directors) of the votes cast, including abstentions, by the holders of shares of such class or classes or series shall be the act of such class or classes or series.

 

6. Adjournment and Notice of Adjourned Meetings . Any meeting of stockholders, whether annual or special, may be adjourned from time to time either by the chairman of the meeting or by the vote of a majority of the shares casting votes, excluding abstentions. When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the Corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

 

7. Voting Rights and Proxies.
a. Voting Rights . Every stockholder of record of the Corporation shall be entitled, at each meeting of the stockholders, to one vote for each share of stock standing in his name on the books of the Corporation, except as otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation or in any resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors creating any series of Preferred Stock pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation.

 

b. Stockholders of Record . For the purpose of determining those stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of the stockholders, except as otherwise provided by law, only persons in whose names shares stand on the stock records of the Corporation on the record date, as provided in Article IV, Section 2 of these Bylaws, shall be entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders.

 

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c. Proxies . Every person entitled to vote shall have the right to do so either in person or by an agent or agents authorized by a proxy granted in accordance with Nevada law. An agent so appointed need not be a stockholder. Subject to the provisions of the Nevada Revised Statutes Section 78.355, no proxy shall be valid after the expiration of six (6) months from the date of its execution, unless the person executing it specifies therein the length of time for which it is to continue in force, which in no case shall exceed seven (7) years from the date of its execution. Subject to the preceding sentence, any proxy properly created is not revoked and continues in full force and effect until:
i. another instrument or transmission revoking it or a properly created proxy bearing a later date is filed with or transmitted to the Secretary of the Corporation or another person or persons appointed by the Corporation to count the votes of stockholders and determine the validity of proxies and ballots; or

 

ii. the stockholder revokes the proxy by attending the meeting and voting the stockholder’s shares in person, in which case, any vote cast by the person or persons designated by the stockholder to act as a proxy or proxies must be disregarded by the Corporation when the votes are counted.

 

8. Joint Owners of Stock . If shares or other securities having voting power stand of record in the names of two (2) or more persons, whether fiduciaries, members of a partnership, joint tenants, tenants in common, tenants by the entirety, or otherwise, or if two or more persons have the same fiduciary relationship respecting the same shares, unless the Secretary is given written notice to the contrary and is furnished with a copy of the instrument or order appointing them or creating the relationship wherein it is so provided, their acts with respect to voting shall have the following effect: (a) if only one votes, his act binds all; (b) if more than one votes, the act of the majority so voting binds all; and (c) if more than one votes, but the vote is evenly split on any particular matter, each faction may vote the securities in question proportionally.

 

9. Action Without Meeting . Except as any provision of the Nevada Revised Statutes may otherwise require, any action required by the Nevada Revised Statutes to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders, or any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. A electronic transmission consenting to an action to be taken and transmitted by a stockholder or proxyholder, or by a person or persons authorized to act for a stockholder or proxyholder, shall be deemed to be written, signed and dated for the purposes of this section, provided that any such electronic transmission sets forth or is delivered with information from which the corporation can determine that the electronic transmission was transmitted by the stockholder or proxyholder or by a person or persons authorized to act for the stockholder or proxyholder and the date on which such stockholder or proxyholder or authorized person or persons transmitted such electronic

 

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transmission. The date on which such electronic transmission is transmitted shall be deemed to be the date on which such consent was signed. No consent given by electronic transmission shall be deemed to have been delivered until such consent is reproduced in paper form and until such paper shall be delivered to the corporation by delivery to its principal place of business or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which the proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded, to the extent and in the manner provided by resolution of the board of directors of the corporation. Any copy, facsimile or other reliable reproduction of a consent in writing may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing for any and all purposes for which the original writing could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing. Action taken pursuant to this paragraph shall be subject to the provisions of Section 78.320 of the Nevada Revised Statutes.

 

10. Organization of Stockholder Meetings.
a. Conduct of Meetings . All meetings of stockholders shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or in his absence, by the Chief Executive Officer, or in his absence, by the President, if any, or in his absence, by a Vice President, or in the absence of the foregoing persons, by a chairman designated by the Board of Directors, or in the absence of such designation, by a chairman chosen by a majority in interest of the stockholders entitled to vote, present in person or by proxy, at the meeting. The Secretary of the Corporation shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in his absence the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting. The chairman of the meeting shall determine the order of business and the procedure at any meeting of the stockholders, including but not limited to, rules respecting the manner of voting, the time allotted to stockholders to speak, determinations of whether business has been properly brought before the meeting, and the power to adjourn the meeting.

 

b. Rules or Regulations Regarding Conduct of Meetings . The Board of Directors of the Corporation shall be entitled to make such rules or regulations for the conduct of meetings of stockholders as it shall deem necessary, appropriate or convenient. Subject to such rules and regulations of the Board of Directors, if any, the chairman of the meeting shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are necessary, appropriate or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, establishing an agenda or order of business for the meeting, rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present, limitations on participation in such meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation and their duly authorized and constituted proxies and such other persons as the chairman shall permit, restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof, limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants and regulation of the opening and closing of the polls for balloting on matters which are to be voted on by ballot. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with rules of parliamentary procedure.

 

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11. Fixing Record Dates.
a. Meeting Record Dates . In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

 

b. Dividend/Distribution Record Date . In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty (60) days prior to such action. If no record date is filed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

 

 

ARTICLE V
DIRECTORS

 

1. Number, Tenure and Qualification.
a. Number . The authorized number of directors of the Corporation shall be not less than three (3) nor more than fifteen (15) as fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors; provided that no decrease in the number of directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent directors.

 

b. Election of Directors . Except as provided in Article V, Section 3, directors shall be elected as provided for in Article IV, Section 2, and each director so elected shall hold office until the succeeding Annual Meeting (or Special Meeting in lieu thereof) and until his successor is duly elected and qualified, or until his earlier resignation or removal.

 

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c. Tenure . Directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation by a plurality of votes as provided for in Article IV, Section 2. A separate vote for the election of directors shall be held at each meeting for each class of directors having nominees for election at such meeting. If for any cause, the directors shall not have been elected at an annual meeting, they may be elected as soon thereafter as convenient at a special meeting of the stockholders called for that purpose in the manner provided in these Bylaws.

 

d. Qualification . Directors need not be stockholders unless so required by the Articles of Incorporation. Each director must be a natural person at least 18 years of age.

 

2. Duties and Powers . The business of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors, which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are by statute or by the Articles of Incorporation or by these Bylaws directed or required to be exercised of done by the stockholders.

 

3. Vacancies . Unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation, any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal or other causes and any newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors, shall unless the Board of Directors determines by resolution that any such vacancies or newly created directorships shall be filled by stockholder vote, be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the director for which the vacancy was created or occurred and until such director’s successor shall have been elected and qualified. A vacancy in the Board of Directors shall be deemed to exist under this Bylaw in the case of the death, removal or resignation of any director.

 

4. Resignation . Any director may resign at any time by written notice to the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the date of receipt of such notice or at any later time specified therein, and, unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. When one or more directors shall resign from the Board of Directors, effective at a future date, the board may fill the vacancy or vacancies to take effect when the resignation or resignations become effective, each director so appointed to hold office during the remainder of the term of office of the resigning director or directors.

 

5. Removal . Except as provided in the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of two-thirds (2/3) of shares entitled to vote at an election of directors.

 

6. Meetings.
a. Regular Meetings . Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at such time and place as shall from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors.

 

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b. Special Meetings . Unless otherwise restricted by the Articles of Incorporation, special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time and place within or without the State of Nevada whenever called by the Chairman of the Board, the President or any two of the directors.

 

c. Telephone Meetings. Any member of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may participate in a meeting by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting, if the corporation has implemented reasonable measures to:

 

1. Verify the identity of each person participating through such means as a director or member of the governing body or committee, as the case may be; and

 

2. Provide the directors or members a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the directors or members, as the case may be, including an opportunity to communicate and to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting in a substantially concurrent manner with such proceedings.

 

d. Notice of Meetings . Notice of the time and place of all meetings of the Board of Directors shall be orally or in writing, by telephone, facsimile, telegraph, telex or e-mail, during normal business hours, at least twenty-four (24) hours before the date and time of the meeting, or sent in writing to each director by first class mail, charges prepaid, at least three (3) days before the date of the meeting, at such address as such director shall have filed in writing with the Secretary, or in the absence of such filing, to the last known post office address of such director. Notice of any meeting may be waived in writing at any time before or after the meeting and will be waived by any director by attendance thereat, except when the director attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

 

e. Waiver of Notice . The transaction of all business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, however called or noticed, or wherever held, shall be as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a quorum be present and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the directors not present shall sign a written waiver of notice. All such waivers shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.

 

7. Quorum and Voting.
a. Quorum . Unless the Articles of Incorporation requires a greater number, a quorum of the Board of Directors shall consist of a majority of the exact number of directors fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors in accordance with the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, provided, however, at any meeting whether a quorum be present or otherwise, a majority of the directors present may adjourn from time to time until the time fixed for the next regular meeting of the Board of Directors, without notice other than by announcement at the meeting.

 

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b. Voting . At each meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum is present, all questions and business shall be determined by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present, unless a different vote be required by law, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws.

 

8. Action Without Meeting . Unless otherwise restricted by the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and such writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee, except that such written consent is not required to be signed by:
a. A common or interested director who abstains in writing from providing consent to the action. If a common or interested director abstains in writing from providing consent:
1. The fact of the common directorship, office or financial interest must be known to the board of directors or committee before a written consent is signed by all the members of the board of the committee.

 

2. Such fact must be described in the written consent.

 

3. The board of directors or committee must approve, authorize or ratify the action in good faith by unanimous consent without counting the abstention of the common or interested director.

 

b. A director who is a party to an action, suit or proceeding who abstains in writing from providing consent to the action of the board of directors or committee. If a director who is a party to an action, suit or proceeding abstains in writing from providing consent on the basis that he or she is a party to an action, suit or proceeding, the board of directors or committee must:
1. Make a determination pursuant to Nevada Revised Statutes 78.751 that indemnification of the director is proper under the circumstances.

 

2. Approve, authorize or ratify the action of the board of directors or committee in good faith by unanimous consent without counting the abstention of the director who is a party to an action, suit or proceeding.

 

9. Compensation . The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be paid a fixed sum and/or an amount of shares of the Corporation’s stock (or options or other rights to purchase or obtain shares of the Corporation’s stock) for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and/or as compensation for service as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.

 

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10. Committees.
a. Executive Committee . The Board of Directors may by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board of Directors appoint an Executive Committee to consist of one (1) or more members of the Board of Directors. The Executive Committee, to the extent permitted by law and provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, including without limitation the power or authority to declare a dividend, to authorize the issuance of stock and to adopt a certificate of ownership and merger, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority in reference to amending the Articles of Incorporation (except that a committee may, to the extent authorized in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of shares of stock adopted by the Board of Directors fix the designations and any of the preferences or rights of such shares relating to dividends, redemption, dissolution, any distribution of assets of the Corporation or the conversion into, or the exchange of such shares for, shares of any other class or classes or any other series of the same or any other class or classes of stock of the Corporation or fix the number of shares of any series of stock or authorize the increase or decrease of the shares of any series), adopting an agreement of merger or consolidation, recommending to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s property and assets, recommending to the stockholders a dissolution of the Corporation or a revocation of a dissolution, or amending the Bylaws of the Corporation.

 

b. Other Committees . The Board of Directors shall adopt resolutions establishing an audit committee, a compensation committee, and a nominating and corporate governance committee. In addition, the Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board of Directors, from time to time appoint such other committees as may be permitted by law. Each committee shall consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of any such committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, and in the absence of a designation by the Board of Directors of an alternate member to replace the absent or disqualified member, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any absent or disqualified member. Any committee, to the extent allowed by law and provided in the resolution or resolutions establishing such committee, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, but in no event shall such committee have the powers denied to the Executive Committee in these Bylaws. Each committee shall keep regular minutes and report to the Board of Directors as requested or required.

 

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c. Term . Each member of a committee of the Board of Directors shall serve a term on the committee coexistent with such member’s term on the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors, subject to the provisions of subsections (a) or (b) of this Bylaw may at any time increase or decrease the number of members of a committee or terminate the existence of a committee. The membership of a committee member shall terminate on the date of his death or voluntary resignation from the committee or from the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may at any time for any reason remove any individual committee member and the Board of Directors may fill any committee vacancy created by death, resignation, removal or increase in the number of members of the committee. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee, and, in addition, in the absence or disqualification of any member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.

 

d. Meetings . Unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise provide, regular meetings of the Executive Committee or any other committee appointed pursuant to Article V, Section 10 shall be held at such times and places as are determined by the Board of Directors, or by any such committee, and when notice thereof has been given to each member of such committee, no further notice of such regular meetings need be given thereafter. Special meetings of any such committee may be held at any place which has been determined from time to time by such committee, and may be called by any director who is a member of such committee, upon written notice to the members of such committee of the time and place of such special meeting given in the manner provided for the giving of written notice to members of the Board of Directors of the time and place of special meetings of the Board of Directors. Notice of any special meeting of any committee may be waived in writing at any time before or after the meeting and will be waived by any director by attendance thereat, except when the director attends such special meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. A majority of the authorized number of members of any such committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of those present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of such committee.

 

11. Organization . At every meeting of the directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or, if a Chairman has not been appointed or is absent, the Chief Executive Officer, or if the Chief Executive Officer is absent, the President, or if the President is absent, the most senior Vice President, or, in the absence of any such officer, a chairman of the meeting chosen by a majority of the directors present, shall preside over the meeting. The Secretary, or in his absence, an Assistant Secretary directed to do so by the Chief Executive Officer, shall act as secretary of the meeting.

 

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ARTICLE VI
OFFICERS

 

1. General . The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and shall include, if and when designated, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, one or more Vice Presidents, the Secretary, the Chief Financial Officer and the Treasurer. The Board of Directors may also appoint one or more Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers and such other officers and agents with such powers and duties as it shall deem necessary. The Board of Directors may assign such additional titles to one or more of the officers as it shall deem appropriate. Any one person may hold any number of offices of the Corporation at any one time unless specifically prohibited therefrom by law. The salaries and other compensation of the officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by or in the manner designated by the Board of Directors.

 

2. Tenure and Duties of Officers . The Board of Directors at its first meeting held after each Annual Meeting of Stockholders shall appoint the officers of the Corporation, who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors; and all officers of the Corporation shall hold office until their successors shall have been chosen and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal. Any officer appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation shall be filled by the Board of Directors. The salaries of all officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors and/or the Compensation Committee thereof.

 

3. Chairman of the Board of Directors . The Chairman of the Board of Directors, when present, shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these Bylaws or by the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board of Directors may also serve as the Chief Executive Officer and President of the Corporation and shall have the powers and duties prescribed in these Bylaws.

 

4. Chief Executive Officer . The Chief Executive Officer shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors and the Chairman of the Board of Directors, have general supervision of the business of the Corporation and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect. He shall execute all corporate instruments, securities and agreements as provided for in Articles X and XI. In the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and, if a member of the Board of Directors, of the Board of Directors. The Chief Executive Officer shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these Bylaws or by the Board of Directors.

 

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5. President . The President, who may be the same person as the Chief Executive Officer, shall have such powers and duties as generally pertain to the office of President and as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe, subject generally to the direction of the Board of Directors and the Executive Committee, if any. If the Chief Executive Officer and the President are not the same individual, at the request of the Chief Executive Officer or in his absence, or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, the President shall perform the duties of the Chief Executive Officer, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Chief Executive Officer. If there be no President, the Board of Directors shall designate the officer of the Corporation who, in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer, or in the event of the inability or refusal of the Chief Executive Officer to act, shall perform the duties of the Chief Executive Officer, and when so acting, such officer shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Chief Executive Officer.

 

6. Chief Financial Officer . The Chief Financial Officer shall keep or cause to be kept the books of account of the Corporation in a thorough and proper manner and shall render statements of the financial affairs of the Corporation in such form and as often as required by the Board of Directors or the President. The Chief Financial Officer, subject to the order of the Board of Directors, shall have the custody of all funds and securities of the Corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall perform other duties commonly incident to his office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate from time to time. The President may direct the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer to assume and perform the duties of the Chief Financial Officer in the absence or disability of the Chief Financial Officer, and each Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer shall perform other duties commonly incident to his office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate from time to time.

 

7. Vice Presidents . Each Vice President may assume and perform the duties of the President in the absence or disability of the President or whenever the office of President is vacant. The Vice President(s) shall perform other duties commonly incident to their office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate from time to time.

 

8. Secretary . The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of stockholders and record all the proceedings thereat in a book or books to be kept for that purpose; the Secretary shall also perform like duties, when required, for the committees of the Board of Directors. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or Chief Executive Officer, under whose supervision he shall be. If the Secretary shall be unable or shall refuse to cause to be given notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and if there be no Assistant Secretary, then either the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer may choose another officer to cause such notice to be given. The Secretary shall have custody of the seal of the Corporation and the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary, if there be one, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it, and when so affixed, it may be attested by the signature of the Secretary or by the signature of any such Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing by his signature. The Secretary shall see that all books, reports, statements, certificates and other documents and records required by law to be kept or filed are properly kept or filed, as the case may be.

 

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9. Treasurer . The Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the Chief Executive Officer and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all his transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation.

 

10. Assistant Secretaries . Assistant Secretaries, if there be any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Secretary, and in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of his disability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the Secretary, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Secretary.

 

11. Assistant Treasurers . Assistant Treasurers, if there be any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Treasurer, and in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of his disability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the Treasurer, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Treasurer.

 

12. Other Officers . Such other officers as the Board of Directors may choose shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may delegate to any other officer of the Corporation the power to choose such other officers and to prescribe their respective duties and powers.

 

13. Delegation of Authority . The Board of Directors may from time to time delegate the powers or duties of any officer to any other officer or agent, notwithstanding any provision hereof.

 

14. Resignations . Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board of Directors or to the President or to the Secretary. Any such resignation shall be effective when received by the person or persons to whom such notice is given, unless a later time is specified therein, in which event the resignation shall become effective at such later time. Unless otherwise specified in such notice, the acceptance of any such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any resignation shall be without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the Corporation under any contract with the resigning officer.

 

15. Removal . Any officer may be removed from office at any time, either with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors in office at the time, or by the unanimous written consent of the directors in office at the time, or by any committee or superior officers upon whom such power of removal may have been conferred by the Board of Directors.

 

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16. Outside or Private Employment . No officer or employee shall have any outside or private employment or affiliation with any firm or organization incompatible with his concurrent employment by the Corporation, nor shall he accept or perform any outside or private employment which the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation determines will interfere with the efficient performance of his official duties.

 

 

ARTICLE VII
INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS

 

1. Discretionary and Mandatory Indemnification of Officers, Directors, Employees and Agents.

a. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings other than those by or in the Right of the Corporation . Subject to Article VII, Section 1(c), the Corporation shall, to the fullest extent permitted by the Nevada Revised Statutes, as now or hereafter in effect, indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, except an action by or in the right of the Corporation, by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses, including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the action, suit or proceeding if he: (i) is not liable pursuant to Nevada Revised Statutes Section 78.138; or (ii) acted in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, does not, of itself, create a presumption that the person is liable pursuant to the Nevada Revised Statutes Section 78.138 or did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or that, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, he had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.

 

b. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings by or in the Right of the Corporation . Subject to Article VII, Section 1(c), the Corporation shall, to the fullest extent permitted by the Nevada Revised Statutes, as now or hereafter in effect, indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses, including amounts paid in settlement and attorneys' fees actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of the action or suit if he: (i) is not liable pursuant to Nevada Revised Statutes Section 78.138; or (ii) acted in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation. Indemnification may not be made for any claim, issue or matter as to which such a person has been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion of all appeals therefrom, to be liable to the Corporation or for amounts paid in settlement to the Corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the action or suit was brought or other court of competent jurisdiction determines upon application that in view of all the circumstances of the case, the person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses as the court deems proper.

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c. Authorization . Any indemnification pursuant to Article VII, Section 1, unless ordered by a court or advanced pursuant to Article VII, Section 6, shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances. The determination must be made: (i) by the stockholders; (ii) by the board of directors by majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the action, suit or proceeding; (iii) if a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the action, suit or proceeding so orders, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion; or (iv) if a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the action, suit or proceeding cannot be obtained, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion.. To the extent, however, that a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in Article VII, Section 1, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, the Corporation shall indemnify such person against expenses, including attorneys' fees, actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense.

 

2. Expenses Payable in Advance . Expenses incurred by a current or former director or officer in defending or investigating a threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the Corporation, upon the determination by the Board of Directors, in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article VII, provided the Corporation approves in advance counsel selected by the director or officer (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld). The provisions of this Article VII, Section 2 do not affect any rights to advancement of expenses to which corporate personnel other than directors or officers may be entitled under any contract or otherwise by law.

 

3. Contract Rights . The provisions of this Article VII shall be deemed to be a contract right between the Corporation and each director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation who serves in any such capacity at any time while this Article VII and the relevant provisions of the Nevada Revised Statutes or other applicable law are in effect. Such contract right shall vest for each director and officer at the time such person is elected or appointed to such position, and no repeal or modification of this Article VII or any such law shall affect any such vested rights or obligations then existing with respect to any state of facts or proceeding arising after such election or appointment.

 

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4. Non-exclusivity of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses . The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by or granted pursuant to this Article VII shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under the Articles of Incorporation or any Bylaws, agreement, contract, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or pursuant to the direction (howsoever embodied) of any court of competent jurisdiction or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, it being the policy of the Corporation that indemnification of the persons specified in Article VII, Section 1 shall be made to the fullest extent permitted by law. The provisions of this Article VII shall not be deemed to preclude the indemnification of any person who is not specified in Article VII, Section 1 but whom the Corporation has the power or obligation to indemnify under the provisions of the Nevada Revised Statutes, or otherwise. However, indemnification, unless ordered by a court pursuant to Article VII, Section 6 or for the advancement of expenses made pursuant to Article VII, Section 2, may not be made to or on behalf of any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation if a final adjudication establishes that his acts or omissions involved intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of the law and was material to the cause of action.

 

5. Insurance . The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was a director or officer of the Corporation serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power or the obligation to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of this Article VII.

 

6. Indemnification by a Court . Notwithstanding any contrary determination in the specific case under Article VII, Section 1(c), and notwithstanding the absence of any determination thereunder, any director or officer may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Nevada for indemnification to the extent otherwise permissible under Article VII, Section 1. The basis of such indemnification by a court shall be a determination by such court that indemnification of the director or officer is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standards of conduct set forth in Article VII, Section 1, as the case may be. Neither a contrary determination in the specific case under Article VII, Section 1(c) nor the absence of any determination thereunder shall be a defense to such application or create a presumption that the director or officer seeking indemnification has not met any applicable standard of conduct. Notice of any application for indemnification pursuant to Article VII, Section 6 shall be given to the Corporation promptly upon the filing of such application. If successful, in whole or in part, the director or officer seeking indemnification shall also be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such application to the fullest extent permitted by law.

 

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7. Limitation on Indemnification . Notwithstanding anything contained in this Article VII, Section 6 to the contrary, except for proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification (which shall be governed by Section 5 of this Article VII), the Corporation shall not be obligated to indemnify any director or officer in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person unless such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized or consented to by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

 

8. Severability . If this Bylaw or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each person as provided above as to the expenses (including attorney’s fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement with respect to any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, including a grand jury proceeding and an action by the Corporation, to the full extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Bylaw that shall not have been invalidated or by any other applicable law.

 

9. Survival of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses . The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by the Corporation pursuant to this Article VII shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and inures to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such person.

 

10. Certain Definitions . For purposes of this Article VII, references to “the Corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors or officers, so that any person who is or was a director or officer of such constituent corporation, or is or was a director or officer of such constituent corporation serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article VII with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued. For purposes of this Article VII, references to “fines” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to “serving at the request of the Corporation” shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director or officer with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation” as referred to in this Article VII.

 

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ARTICLE VIII
NOTICES

 

1. Notices . Whenever notice is required by law, and except as otherwise specifically provided herein or required by law, all notices required to be given to any stockholder, director, member of a committee, officer, employee or agent shall be in writing and may in every instance be effectively given by hand delivery, by mail, postage paid, by facsimile transmission or by electronic transmission. Any such notice shall be addressed to such stockholder, director, officer, employee or agent at such stockholder's last known address as it appears on the books of the Corporation. The time when such notice shall be deemed received, if hand delivered, or dispatched, if sent by mail or facsimile or electronic transmission, shall be the time of the giving of the notice.

 

2. Waivers of Notice . Whenever any notice is required by law, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, to be given to any director, member of a committee or stockholder, a waiver thereof in writing, signed, by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto.

 

3. Notice by Electronic Transmission . Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders pursuant to the Nevada Revised Statutes, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provision of the Nevada Revised Statutes, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws shall be effective if given by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given. Any such consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the Corporation. Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if:
a. the Corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two consecutive notices given by the Corporation in accordance with such consent; and

 

b. such inability becomes known to the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Corporation or to the transfer agent, or other agent of the Corporation responsible for the giving of notice.

 

However, the inadvertent failure to treat such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate any meeting or other action.

 

4. Notice by Electronic Transmission Deemed to be Given . Any notice given pursuant to Article VIII, Section 3 shall be deemed given:
a. if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice;

 

b. if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice;

 

c. if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later of (i) such posting and (ii) the giving of such separate notice; and

 

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d. if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder.

 

e. An affidavit of the secretary or an assistant secretary or of the transfer agent or other agent of the Corporation that the notice has been given by a form of electronic transmission shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.

 

5. Definition of Electronic Transmission . An “electronic transmission” means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved, and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process, including without limitation any facsimile transmission or communication by electronic mail.

 

 

ARTICLE IX
BOOKS AND RECORDS

 

1. Books . There shall be kept at such office of the Corporation as the Board of Directors shall determine, within or without the State of Nevada, correct books and records of account of all its business and transactions, minutes of the proceedings of its stockholders, Board of Directors and committees, and the stock book, containing the names and addresses of the stockholders, the number of shares held by them, respectively, and the dates when they respectively became the owners of record thereof, and in which the transfer of stock shall be registered, and such other books and records as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.

 

 

ARTICLE X
EXECUTION OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS AND VOTING OF SECURITIES OWNED BY THE CORPORATION

 

1. Execution of Corporate Instruments . The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, determine the method and designate the signatory officer or officers, or other person or persons, to execute on behalf of the Corporation any corporate instrument or document, or to sign on behalf of the Corporation the corporate name without limitation, or to enter into contracts on behalf of the Corporation, except where otherwise provided by law or these Bylaws, and such execution or signature shall be binding upon the Corporation. Unless otherwise specifically determined by the Board of Directors or otherwise required by law, promissory notes, deeds of trust, mortgages and other evidences of indebtedness of the Corporation, and other corporate instruments or documents requiring the corporate seal, and certificates of shares of stock owned by the Corporation, shall be executed, signed or endorsed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President, and by the Secretary, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer or any Assistant Secretary or Assistant Treasurer. All other instruments and documents requiring the corporate signature, but not requiring the corporate seal, may be executed as aforesaid or in such other manner as may be directed by the Board of Directors

 

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2. Disbursements . All checks and drafts drawn on banks or other depositaries on funds to the credit of the Corporation or in special accounts of the Corporation shall be signed by such person or persons as the Board of Directors shall authorize so to do from time to time.

 

3. Authority to Bind . Unless authorized or ratified by the Board of Directors or within the agency power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the Corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount.

 

4. Voting of Securities Owned by the Corporation . Unless otherwise specifically authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors, all rights and powers, including any right to vote, incident to any stock or other securities of other corporations owned or held by the Corporation for itself, or for other parties in any capacity, shall be exercised in person or by proxy by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President of the Corporation on behalf of the Corporation, in no more restricted manner or limited extent than would apply to any owner thereof.

 

 

ARTICLE XI
OTHER SECURITIES OF THE CORPORATION

 

1. Execution of Other Securities . All bonds, debentures and other corporate securities of the Corporation, other than stock certificates (covered in Article III Section 1(a), may be signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President, or such other person as may be authorized by the Board of Directors, and the corporate seal impressed thereon or a facsimile of such seal imprinted thereon and attested by the signature of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or the Chief Financial Officer or Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer; provided, however, that where any such bond, debenture or other corporate security shall be authenticated by the manual signature, or where permissible facsimile signature, of a trustee under an indenture pursuant to which such bond, debenture or other corporate security shall be issued, the signatures of the persons signing and attesting the corporate seal on such bond, debenture or other corporate security may be the imprinted facsimile of the signatures of such persons. Interest coupons appertaining to any such bond, debenture or other corporate security, authenticated by a trustee as aforesaid, shall be signed by the Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer of the Corporation or such other person as may be authorized by the Board of Directors or bear imprinted thereon the facsimile signature of such person. In case any officer who shall have signed or attested any bond, debenture or other corporate security, or whose facsimile signature shall appear thereon or on any such interest coupon, shall have ceased to be such officer before the bond, debenture or other corporate security so signed or attested shall have been delivered, such bond, debenture or other corporate security nevertheless may be adopted by the Corporation and issued and delivered as though the person who signed the same or whose facsimile signature shall have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer of the Corporation.

 

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ARTICLE XII
DIVIDENDS

 

1. Declaration of Dividends . Dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors pursuant to law at any regular or special meeting. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation.

 

2. Dividend Reserve . Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or for such other purpose as the Board of Directors shall think conducive to the interests of the Corporation, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.

 

 

ARTICLE XIII
FISCAL YEAR

 

1. Fiscal Year . The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed, and shall be subject to change, by resolution of the Board Directors.

 

 

ARTICLE XIV
AMENDMENTS

 

1. General . Subject to the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation, as such may be amended from time to time, and the provisions of the Nevada General Corporation Law, these Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed and new Bylaws may be adopted by the Board of Directors or by the Stockholders. Notwithstanding the prior sentence, any vote of the stockholders to alter, amend or repeal the following sections of these Bylaws in any respect shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of the outstanding voting power of the Corporation, voting together as a single class: (i) Article IV, Section 2 (“Annual Meeting”), (ii) Article V, Section 1 (“Number, Tenure and Qualification”), and Article V, Section 3 (“Vacancies”).]

 

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