TEKMIRA PHARMACEUTICALS Corp (Form: 10-K, Received: 03/13/2015 16:26:50)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

ý ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2014

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from to

Commission File Number: [001-34949]

Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

British Columbia, Canada		980597776
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


100-8900 Glenlyon Parkway, Burnaby, BC V5J 5J8 (Address of Principal Executive Offices)


604-419-3200 (Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code):

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class		Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common shares, without par value		The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No ý

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No ý

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer o	Accelerated filer ý	Non-accelerated filer o	Smaller reporting company o
	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý

The registrant is an accelerated filer as the aggregate market capitalization of voting and non-voting equity held by non-affiliates as at June 30, 2014 was $288,361,339. As of March 9, 2015, the registrant had 46,567,496 Common Shares, no par value, outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its 2015 annual meeting of stockholders, which the registrant intends to file pursuant to Regulation 14A with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the registrant’s fiscal year end of December 31, 2014, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

TEKMIRA PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page

PART I		5

Item 1.	Business	5
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	22
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	35
Item 2.	Properties	35
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	35
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	36

PART II		37

Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	37
Item 6.	Selected Consolidated Financial Data	38
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	39
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	60
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	60
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	85
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	85
Item 9B.	Other Information	85

PART III		86

Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	86
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	86
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	86
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	86
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	86

PART IV		87

Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	87

This annual report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking information and forward-looking statements (collectively, forward-looking statements) within the meaning of applicable securities laws. All statements other than statements relating to historical matters should be considered forward-looking statements. When used in this report, the words “believe,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “predict,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “intend,” “will,” “target,” “goal” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words.

Forward-looking statements in this annual report include statements about Tekmira’s strategy, future operations, clinical trials, prospects and the plans of management; RNAi (ribonucleic acid interference) and Hepatitis B virus product development programs; the effects of Tekmira’s products on the treatment of cancer, chronic Hepatitis B infection, infectious disease, alcohol use disorder, and other diseases; the potential of RNAi to generate a new class of therapies; Tekmira’s strategic focus on, and phased clinical plan of combination therapies for, curing HBV; the composition and roles of the management team; Tekmira’s continued listing on NASDAQ; the research benefits of the collaborating with The Baruch S. Blumberg Institute; clinical trial goals and milestones in product pipelines expected to be reached in the second half of 2015 and beyond, including the results of a TKM-HBV Phase I clinical trial, a multi-dosing TKM-HBV trial in the second half of 2015, filing an IND or equivalent for OCB-030 and initiating a study by year end 2015, the initiation of CYT-003 preclinical studies in 2015, filing an IND with the FDA or an equivalent filing with foreign regulatory authorities and initiating Phase 1 studies with one of the capsid assembly inhibitors in 2016, results from surface antigen secretion inhibitors and filing an IND or its equivalent in another territory for a lead compound in 2016, identifying orally active small molecule human STING agonists that possess the desired characteristics to progress into human clinical studies, filing an IND with the FDA or its equivalent in another territory for cccDNA formation inhibitors in 2017, and inhibiting the formation of new virus and subviral particles from cccDNA by controlling cccDNA transcription; the expected efficacy of Tekmira’s various HBV therapies; Tekmira’s continued commitment to its non-HBV assets, both clinical and preclinical, and timing of expected results; non-HBV clinical trial milestones, including final data from GI-NET and ACC studies in the second half of 2015, an HCC Phase I/II clinical trial, and results from a TKM-Ebola-Guinea study in the second half of 2015; non-HBV preclinical trial milestones, including filing an investigational new drug application for TKM-HTG in the second half of 2015, partnering or external funding for TKM-ALDH, and filing an investigational new drug application for TKM-HTG in the second half of 2015; the expected efficacy of Tekmira’s various non-HBV products; the continuation of LNP technology as an important cornerstone of Tekmira’s business development activities, and the expected yield from the latest generation of the platform; the expected return from strategic alliances, licensing agreements, and research collaborations, such as the potential value of a transaction with Monsanto Company, a grant from the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and transactions with Enantigen Therapeutics, Inc.; the potential quantum of value of the transactions contemplated in the Monsanto option agreement; funding and licensing of Blumberg’s HBV research; the sufficiency of space under Tekmira’s head office lease; Tekmira’s intent to retain earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of their business and not to pay dividends or to make any other distributions in the near future; a rolling Phase II clinical program for HBV, using an iterative process of combination drug candidates, leading into Phase III clinical trials; the expansion of the HBV pipeline through internal development, acquisitions and in-licenses; the advancement of the RNAi product pipeline either internally or with partners, with a focus on realizing the long term value of these assets; arbitration proceedings with Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in connection with ALN-VSP; arbitration proceedings with the University of British Columbia in connection with alleged unpaid royalties; anticipated royalty receipts; statements with respect to revenue and expense fluctuation and guidance; and the quantum and timing of potential funding.

With respect to the forward-looking statements contained in this annual report, Tekmira has made numerous assumptions. While Tekmira considers these assumptions to be reasonable, these assumptions are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, market and social uncertainties and contingencies.

Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of important factors, including the factors discussed in this annual report on Form 10-K, including those discussed in Item 1A of this report under the heading “Risk Factors,” and the risks discussed in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and Canadian Securities Regulators. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis, judgment, belief or expectation only as of the date hereof. We explicitly disclaim any obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date hereof, except as required by law.

PART I

Item 1.

Business

Overview

Following our recent business combination with OnCore Biopharma, Inc., (“OnCore”) we intend to focus our efforts on discovering, developing and commercializing a cure for patients suffering from chronic HBV infection, a disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus. Our strategy incorporates our heritage and expertise in RNAi combined with the newly acquired assets and expertise through the OnCore merger.

We believe that, as a result of the merger, Tekmira will be well positioned to capitalize on the HBV global market opportunity. Our current HBV pipeline consists of 9 drugs and drug candidates, with eight unique mechanisms of action. Our unique strategy is to target the three pillars we believe are necessary to deliver an HBV cure, including: (i) suppressing HBV viral replication, (ii) restoring host response by suppressing HBsAg or activating/stimulating the host immune system directed at HBV and (iii) eliminating covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), the reservoir of viral genomic material . We believe that our chances for success in HBV are increased, and risk is mitigated, by having a portfolio of assets targeting these three strategies. Most importantly, we believe combination therapies are the key to HBV treatment and a potential cure. We believe that clinical development can be accelerated when multiple components of a combination therapy regimen are controlled by the same company and therefore we have retained exclusive worldwide development and commercialization rights to all of our drug candidates and programs in HBV.

Recognized as a world leader in RNA interference (RNAi) delivery technology, Tekmira is a biopharmaceutical company that since inception has focused on advancing novel RNAi-based therapeutics. RNA interference is considered one of the most important discoveries in the field of biomedical science in the last decade. RNAi has the potential to generate a new class of therapies that take advantage of the body’s own natural processes to silence genes and, by extension, treat serious human diseases that often rely on the production of certain proteins at the genetic level. With this ability to eliminate disease-causing proteins from cells, RNAi therapies represent opportunities for therapeutic intervention that have not been achievable with conventional therapeutics.

Tekmira’s proprietary LNP Delivery Platform allows for the successful delivery and enablement of RNAi drugs. By encapsulating the RNAi trigger molecules in lipid nanoparticles (LNP); our LNP technology enables efficient delivery and uptake into target cells. Our LNP technology represents the most widely adopted delivery method in RNAi. To date, it has enabled eight clinical trials and has been administered to more than 250 patients. Recent results demonstrate that multi-dosing with LNP technology has been well-tolerated with treatments out to one year.

With anti-viral, oncology, and metabolic product platforms, our RNAi product pipeline is focused on areas where there is a significant medical need and commercial opportunity. Tekmira’s clinical and preclinical programs include RNAi therapeutics addressing chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, cancer indications such as gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors and adrenocortical carcinoma, and metabolic disorders such as hypertriglyceridemia.

Tekmira’s LNP technology also enables our partners’ development programs and pipelines, providing us with non-dilutive funding to support its internal therapeutic development programs. Because LNP can enable a wide variety of nucleic acid triggers, including messenger RNA (mRNA), we continue to seek new product development and partnering opportunities based on our industry-leading delivery expertise.

Corporate History

Tekmira was incorporated pursuant to the British Columbia Business Corporations Act (BCBCA), on October 6, 2005, and commenced active business on April 30, 2007, when Tekmira and its parent company, Inex Pharmaceuticals Corporation (“Inex”) were reorganized under a statutory plan of arrangement (the “Reorganization”) completed under the provisions of the BCBCA. The Reorganization saw Inex’s entire business transferred to and continued by Tekmira. In this discussion of corporate history the terms “we”, “us” and “our” refer to the business of Inex for the time prior to the Reorganization and the business of Tekmira for the time after the Reorganization.

Since 1992, we have focused on developing lipid delivery technologies for different classes of therapeutic agents, including chemotherapy drugs and nucleic acid drugs. Our technology was applied to the development of Marqibo®, a liposomal formulation of the chemotherapy drug vincristine, which was subsequently licensed to Hana Biosciences in 2006. Under this legacy agreement, our current licensee, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., has a license to develop Marqibo, along with two other liposomal chemotherapy products.

Since 2005, Protiva Biotherapeutics, Inc. (“Protiva”) and Inex began separately developing lipid nanoparticle delivery technology for a class of nucleic acid drugs called RNAi trigger molecules that mediate RNA interference, or RNAi, and both Protiva and Inex initiated separate research collaborations with Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Alnylam”) to combine Alnylam’s expertise in RNAi trigger molecules or “trigger” technologies with each of Protiva’s and Inex’s separate proprietary knowledge of RNAi delivery technology. In January 2007, Inex entered into a License and Collaboration Agreement with Alnylam where Inex obtained, among other things, a worldwide license to certain Alnylam intellectual property for the research, development, manufacturing and commercialization of RNAi products for the treatment of human diseases, and Alnylam obtained exclusive access to Inex’s delivery technology for siRNA and microRNA. In August 2007, Protiva entered into a Cross License Agreement with Alnylam where Protiva obtained, among other things, a worldwide license to certain Alnylam intellectual property for the research, development, manufacturing and commercialization of RNAi products for the treatment of human diseases and Alnylam obtained non-exclusive access to Protiva’s delivery technology for siRNA and microRNA.

In 2008, Inex and Protiva entered into a business combination. At the time of its acquisition, Protiva was a private, venture-backed company incorporated under the laws of Canada and since 2003 had focused its business on developing lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery technology for RNAi, a business similar to Inex’s. Since commencing work on the delivery of RNAi triggers, Protiva has filed several patent applications covering different LNP formulations, manufacturing processes, and RNAi trigger design to remove any immune stimulatory properties. At the time of its acquisition, Protiva had licensed its LNP technology on a non-exclusive basis to Alnylam and (“Merck”) and had access to Alnylam’s intellectual property for the research, development and commercialization of RNAi products.

The business combination with Protiva was completed through an acquisition, under a share purchase agreement, of all the then outstanding shares of Protiva in consideration for common shares of Tekmira. Protiva is now Tekmira’s wholly-owned subsidiary. Concurrent with the completion of the business combination with Protiva, we entered into initial research agreements with F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd and Hoffman La-Roche Inc., which we refer to together as (“Roche”), and completed private placement investments of $5.0 million with Alnylam and $5.0 million with an affiliate of Roche. Since the completion of the business combination with Protiva, Tekmira has focused on advancing RNAi therapeutic products and providing LNP delivery technology to pharmaceutical partners and collaborators using Protiva’s lipid technology.

In March of 2015, Tekmira completed a merger whereby OnCore Biopharma, Inc. (“OnCore”) became a wholly owned subsidiary of Tekmira. As described in further detail below, Tekmira’s business strategy going forward intends to focus on discovering, developing and commercializing therapeutics targeting chronic hepatitis B infection, as well as continuing to advance our non-HBV programs as well.

Tekmira is headquartered in Vancouver, Canada, and it opened an office in Seattle, USA in May 2014. As a result of the merger with OnCore, we also have offices in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA.

Recent Developments

Business Combination between Tekmira and OnCore

On March 4, 2015, Tekmira completed a business combination pursuant to which OnCore became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tekmira. This combined company intends to focus on developing a curative regimen for hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients by combining multiple therapeutic approaches. The transaction was approved by 99.5% of votes cast by Tekmira shareholders voting at a Special Meeting held on Tuesday, March 3, 2015, and representing 51.2% of Tekmira’s common shareholders. In connection with the transaction, Tekmira issued 23,973,315 common shares to the shareholders of OnCore in exchange for their OnCore securities, and OnCore became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tekmira.

The new company's management team includes Mark J. Murray, PhD, President and Chief Executive Officer; Patrick T. Higgins, Chief Operating Officer; Bruce Cousins, Chief Financial Officer; Michael J. Sofia, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer; and Michael J. Abrams, PhD, Chief Discovery Officer. William T. Symonds, PharmD, is the Chief Development Officer and will lead the clinical development of the portfolio.

Vivek Ramaswamy is the Chairman of the Board for Tekmira. The remaining Board members are Dr. Mark J. Murray, Mr. Herbert Conrad, Mr. Richard Henriques, Dr. Keith Manchester, Mr. Frank Karbe, and Dr. William Symonds.

The business combination involving Tekmira and OnCore brings together each of Tekmira’s and OnCore’s broad expertise in antiviral drug development, Tekmira’s clinic-ready HBV RNAi therapeutic and OnCore’s existing HBV programs to build a portfolio of compounds with a long term goal of eradicating HBV. We believe that, as a result of the merger, Tekmira will have a comprehensive HBV pipeline of drugs, and drug candidates, and be positioned to capitalise on the HBV global market opportunity. With eight unique mechanisms in development, our pipeline targets the three pillars we believe are necessary to deliver an HBV cure, including: (i) suppressing HBV viral replication, (ii) restoring host response by suppressing Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or activating/stimulating the host immune system directed at HBV and (iii) eliminating covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). We believe that our chances for success in HBV are increased, and risk is mitigated, by having a portfolio of assets targeting these three strategies. Most importantly, we believe combination therapies are the key to HBV treatment and a potential cure. We believe that clinical development can be accelerated when multiple components of a combination therapy regimen are controlled by the same company, and therefore we have retained exclusive worldwide development and commercialization rights to all of our drug candidates and programs in HBV.

While we intend to focus our business strategy on HBV, we also believe that value resides in our other non-HBV programs and with our Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) technology. We plan to determine what we believe are the best strategies for optimizing the value of the remaining assets. We also see significant value in the collaborations Tekmira has established to date, and plan to continue to work closely with and support our partners using Tekmira’s RNAi technology.

Voluntary Delisting from the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX)

Our common shares were voluntarily delisted from the Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSX") as of Tuesday, March 3, 2015.

RNA Interference

In the last decade, RNAi has become one of the most important innovations in the field of drug discovery and development. In 2006 the scientists who discovered the mechanisms for RNAi were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

We believe that RNAi has the potential to generate a new class of safer therapeutics. RNAi therapeutics take advantage of the body’s own natural processes to eliminate specific gene-products or proteins in the cell. Synthetic RNAi trigger molecules are developed as drugs that specifically suppress the production of disease-associated proteins through the RNAi mechanism. RNAi trigger molecules are designed using the gene sequence coding for the target protein. RNAi -based drugs are typically small synthetic nucleic acid molecules. When RNAi triggers are introduced into the cell they are incorporated into an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which interacts specifically with messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for the target protein. mRNA are cleaved in a sequence specific manner and then destroyed, preventing production of the target protein. Importantly, this process is catalytic and RISC associated RNAi triggers can remain stable inside the cell for weeks, destroying many more copies of the target mRNA and maintaining target protein suppression for extended periods of time.

Potential of RNAi Therapeutics

The development of RNAi drugs allows for a completely novel approach to treating disease, which is why RNAi is considered one of the most promising and rapidly advancing frontiers in drug discovery. While there are no RNAi therapeutics approved for commercial use, there are a number of RNAi products currently in human clinical trials. RNAi products are broadly applicable as they can eliminate the production of disease-causing proteins from cells, creating opportunities for therapeutic intervention that have not been achievable with conventional drugs. Development of RNAi therapeutic products is currently limited by the instability of the RNAi trigger molecules in the bloodstream and the inability of these molecules to access target cells or tissues following administration. Delivery technology is necessary to protect these drugs in the bloodstream to allow efficient delivery and cellular uptake by the target cells.

Tekmira’s Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) Delivery Technology

Tekmira has developed a proprietary delivery platform called Lipid Nanoparticle or LNP. This platform has become the gold-standard in RNAi development, establishing Tekmira as a leader in this new area of innovative medicine.

Our proprietary LNP delivery technology allows for the successful encapsulation of RNAi trigger molecules in lipid nanoparticles (LNP) administered intravenously, which travel through the bloodstream to target tissues or disease sites. LNPs are designed to protect the triggers, and stay in the circulation long enough to accumulate at disease sites, such as the liver or cancerous tumors. LNPs are then taken up into the target cells by a process called endocytosis. Subsequent activation by the changing environment inside the cell causes the LNP to release the trigger molecules, which can then successfully mediate RNAi.

In preclinical studies, Tekmira’s LNP technology has demonstrated how it can overcome the limitations of RNAi drug delivery, enabling efficient and selective “gene silencing” or reduction of certain target proteins. We believe that Tekmira is well positioned to benefit from the need for effective delivery technology for RNAi therapeutics to reach specific disease sites. Using our LNP technology we, along with our partners, are advancing several RNAi therapeutics across a range of indications for serious conditions with limited treatment options.

Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP)-Enabled Delivery and Mechanism of RNA Interference

* RISC is an RNA-induced silencing complex that incorporates one strand of siRNA or microRNA

Today, our LNP technology represents the most widely adopted delivery technology in RNAi, which has enabled eight clinical trials and has been administered to more than 250 human subjects. Because LNP can enable a wide variety of nucleic acid triggers, including mRNA, we continue to see new product development and partnering opportunities based on our industry-leading delivery expertise.

In October 2013, we presented new preclinical data at the International mRNA Health Conference in Tubingen, Germany, demonstrating that mRNA when encapsulated and delivered using Tekmira’s LNP technology can be effectively delivered and expressed in the liver in tumors and other specific tissues of therapeutic interest.

Our Product Pipeline

HBV-Focused Pipeline

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes the most common serious liver infection in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 350 million people worldwide are chronically infected, and other estimates suggest this could include up to 1.4 million people in the United States. Individuals chronically infected with HBV are at an increased risk of developing significant liver disease, including cirrhosis, or permanent scarring of the liver, as well as liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or liver cancer. According to the Hepatitis B Foundation, HBV is the cause of up to 80% of liver cancers. Individuals with liver cancer typically have a five-year survival rate of only 15%. The WHO estimates that more than 780,000 people die every year due to the consequences of hepatitis B virus disease.

Our extensive experience in antiviral drug development has been applied to our TKM-HBV program to develop an RNAi therapeutic for chronic hepatitis B infection. Small molecule nucleotide therapy has been the standard of care for chronic HBV infected patients. However, many of these patients continue to express a viral protein called HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). This protein causes inflammation in the liver leading to cirrhosis and, in some cases, HCC and death.

As a result of our merger whereby OnCore became a wholly owned subsidiary of Tekmira, our pipeline of assets has expanded beyond therapeutics being developed with RNAi technology, particularly with respect to HBV. In HBV, we now have what we believe is an industry-leading pipeline focused on finding a cure for chronic HBV infection. Our belief is that to achieve an HBV cure, a combination of products that affect the three main drivers of HBV persistence need to be utilized. Specifically, this means that to be successful, we believe we need to have products that address antiviral replication, immune reactivation and reduce the pool of cccDNA.

Once multiple compounds within the portfolio with sufficient anti-HBV activity have been identified, we intend, subject to discussions with regulatory authorities, to conduct a rolling Phase II clinical program. These studies will likely evaluate combinations of two or more drug candidates in small cohorts of patients with chronic HBV infection to identify active combinations and those that do not have sufficient antiviral activity. We expect to use these results to adaptively design additional treatment regimens for the next cohorts. We also plan to evaluate different treatment durations to determine the optimal duration for a finite duration therapy. We plan to continue this iterative process until we select combination therapy regimens and treatment durations to conduct Phase III clinical trials intended to ultimately support regulatory filings for marketing approval. A graphic summary of our HBV products is set forth below.

Note: The solid circles represent the mechanism that "directly" impacts the given persistence factor. The shaded circle shows "indirect" effects of a given mechanism .

We intend to continue to expand our HBV pipeline through internal development, acquisitions and in-licenses. We believe that a major engine for internal innovation is the collaboration entered into by OnCore, which is now a wholly owned subsidiary on Tekmira, with The Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, (“Blumberg”) one of the leading non-profit research institutes in the world focused on HBV. We believe that this collaboration will provide us with access to cutting-edge research in new target identification, assay development, mechanism of action studies and lead-finding efforts focused on hepatitis B virus. This relationship also provides us with access to research that we believe is equal to, or surpasses that of other biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies, and can add value to our current and future research and development efforts in HBV.

TKM-HBV is designed to address an unmet medical need and eliminate HBsAg expression in patients chronically infected with HBV. Reducing HBsAg is thought to be a key prerequisite to enable a patient’s immune system to raise an adequate antibody response against the virus. The ability of TKM-HBV to inhibit numerous viral elements in addition to HBsAg increases the likelihood of successfully controlling the viral infection.

TKM-HBV is being developed as a multi-component RNAi therapeutic that simultaneously targets three sites on the HBV genome. Targeting three distinct and highly conserved sites on the HBV genome is intended to facilitate potent knockdown of all viral mRNA transcripts and viral antigens across a broad range of HBV genotypes and reduce the risk of developing antiviral resistance. The goal is for TKM-HBV to be administered without prophylactic steroid treatment.

We presented results from our preclinical studies at the 10th Annual Meeting of the Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Society Meeting held in San Diego, California, on October 15, 2014. Among the results reported is the potent and rapid reduction in HBsAg demonstrated by TKM-HBV in several well-validated models. In these models, TKM-HBV treatment resulted in reductions in both intrahepatic and serum HBsAg, as well as reductions in HBV DNA, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), Hepatitis B e antigen and Hepatitis B c antigen. A rapid 1 log reduction in serum HBsAg was achieved with a single 1 mg/kg dose of TKM-HBV in the humanized mouse model, which closely mimics chronic human hepatitis B infection. 1-2 log viral reductions from similar single-dose LNP treatments in two other true-infection animal models were also demonstrated.

Preclinical studies conducted on infected primary human hepatocytes showed that TKM-HBV had robust and consistent activity against different viral strains representing the major clinical genotypes A, B, C and D. Our data shows that inclusion of three RNAi triggers results in a more broadly effective knockdown of hepatitis B viral elements than a single trigger alone. The mode of action of TKM-HBV complements standard of care nucleoside/nucleotide (NUC) therapy, and lack of drug antagonism has been demonstrated with entecavir, lamivudine and tenofovir on infected primary human hepatocytes, making combination therapy a viable option .

Our data supports the utility of TKM-HBV as a potential new therapeutic option for treating patients with chronic HBV infection. In early 2015, we advanced two TKM-HBV product candidates into a Phase I trial. Both product candidates employ the same unique combination of three RNAi trigger molecules. However, they differ in their LNP composition. One formulation employs a third generation LNP, and the other employs a new, fourth generation LNP, which incorporates novel lipid chemistry and demonstrates improved potency. The multi-component RNAi therapeutic is expected to result in broad and effective inhibition of HBV.

The TKM-HBV Phase I clinical trial is a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study, involving single ascending doses of TKM-HBV. The study will assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of intravenous administration of two formulations of TKM-HBV in healthy adult subjects. For each formulation, there are five planned cohorts for a total of 20 subjects (40 in total for both formulations). Four subjects will be enrolled per cohort with three subjects receiving TKM-HBV, and one receiving placebo. We expect the results from the Phase I clinical trial in healthy human volunteers to determine which product formulation we will advance into chronically infected patients in a multi-dosing trial in the second half of 2015.

Following our recent merger with OnCore, our product development pipeline will now focus on discovery, acquisition or in-licensing and developing drug candidates that attack multiple targets of the HBV lifecycle, including the aggressive suppression of HBV replication, restoration of an adequate immune response and reducing the pool of cccDNA. Although the ultimate curative regimens for HBV are currently unknown, we have assembled a robust portfolio of drug development programs targeting multiple targets within the HBV life cycle, which we plan to evaluate to determine the best potential combination approaches for patients. These assets include the following:

Cyclophilin Inhibitor — OCB-030

Cyclophilins are proteins that have been shown to play a role in several biological processes, including viral infection. By inhibiting cyclophilin, we believe the ability of HBV to replicate can be impaired and the host immune response toward HBV may be enhanced. Through our OnCore subsidiary, we have licensed from NeuroVive Pharmaceutical AB, or “NeuroVive”, the exclusive rights to develop and commercialize cyclophilin inhibitor drug candidates, including OCB-030, for the treatment of hepatitis B. We are engaged in studies which we expect to be completed in order to file an IND, or equivalent, and initiate a study by year end 2015.

TLR9 Agonist (CYT-003)

Pharmaceutical activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) is a novel and attractive approach for the treatment of chronic HBV because agonism of these receptors triggers innate immune responses and also stimulates adaptive immunity. It is hoped that immune stimulation by TLR agonists can overcome the multiple immunologic blocks that allows chronic HBV infection, including direct activation of the host’s innate antiviral response, hence overcoming the functional weakness in HBV-specific immune cell responses.

Licensed from Cytos Bioetchnology Ltd. (“Cytos”), CYT-003 is a biological carrier which is filled with the immunostimulatory oligonucleotide called G10. G10 is a toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) agonist. CYT-003 has been shown to directly activate B cells and stimulates human pDC to secrete Interferon alpha. CYT-003 also activates other antigen presenting cells indirectly and promotes the development of TH1 type cytokine response. This is thought to be potentially beneficial in promoting anti-HBV T cell immunity. CYT-003 has previously been utilised in human trials in other indications and therefore could move quickly into the clinic in HBV infected patients. Preclinical studies to demonstrate proof of concept are anticipated to be initiated in 2015.

Capsid Assembly Inhibitors

We are developing two capsid assembly inhibitors as oral therapeutics for the treatment of chronic HBV infection. By inhibiting assembly of the viral capsid, the ability of hepatitis B virus to replicate is impaired, which subsequently reduces the amount of new virus produced, and may have an effect on cccDNA. Through our OnCore subsidiary, we have acquired exclusive, worldwide rights to these drug candidates through an in-license from Blumberg and Drexel University, or (“Drexel”), and through OnCore’s recent acquisition of Enantigen Therapeutics, Inc., or Enantigen.

Surface Antigen Secretion Inhibitors

We are developing multiple small molecule orally bioavailable HBV surface antigen secretion inhibitors. By inhibiting the secretion of HBV surface antigen from infected cells, we expect that the immune response of patients treated with this therapy can reengage and thereby mount a more credible response to a hepatitis B virus infection. We acquired these drug candidates through OnCore’s recent acquisition of Enantigen.

STING Agonists

We are developing STING (stimulator of interferon genes) agonists. By activating interferon genes, we anticipate that the body can produce additional interferon alpha and beta, which have antiviral properties. Our development program, which is currently in the discovery research stage, is based on proof of concept data in mice generated by Blumberg which showed that STING agonists can elicit an antiviral response and inhibit HBV replication in mouse liver cells. In collaboration with Blumberg, our plan is to identify potent, orally active small molecule human STING agonists that possess the desired characteristics to progress into human clinical studies.

cccDNA Formation Inhibitors

We are developing multiple series of cccDNA formation inhibitors. The inhibition of cccDNA formation would reduce the amount of cccDNA in the infected liver cell and could ultimately eliminate the reservoir of HBV genomic material required for continued viral replication. Through our OnCore subsidiary, we acquired the exclusive, worldwide rights to this program through an in-license from Blumberg. This program is currently in lead optimization.

cccDNA Epigenetic Modifiers

In addition to cccDNA formation inhibitors, we are developing cccDNA epigenetic modifiers. By controlling cccDNA transcription, we anticipate that we may be able to inhibit the formation of new virus and subviral particles from cccDNA. This development program, which is currently in the discovery research stage, is based on proof of concept data generated by Blumberg using known inhibitors of enzymes involved in DNA information processing.

Non-HBV Assets – Clinical Programs and Pre-Clinical Programs (LNP enabled)

We believe there is significant value in our non-HBV assets and remain committed to maximizing this value. We intend to continue our clinical programs to the appropriate point in support of this objective. We also remain interested in advancing our ongoing metabolic and rare disease preclinical programs in an appropriate way toward this value maximization objective and in continuing to leverage our knowledge and expertise in LNP technology. A graphic summary of our non-HBV products is set forth below.

Our RNAi product pipeline is focused on anti-virals, oncology and metabolic product platforms, where there is a significant medical need and commercial opportunity. Our intention is to advance our RNAi product pipeline either ourselves or with partners, with a focus on realizing the value of these assets.

We believe that our LNP technology is a leading technology for formulating novel RNAi and mRNA products. The use of the technology in these fields has the potential to enable a broad new class of therapeutics. Our LNP technology currently represents the most widely adopted and advanced delivery technology in RNAi, having enabled eight clinical trials and with administration to over 250 patients to date. LNP and RNAi technology has the potential to generate a broad new class of therapeutics that take advantage of the body’s own natural processes to silence genes — or more specifically to eliminate specific gene-products, from the cell.

We are also committed to continuing to support the work of our product development partners and intellectual property licensees with the goal of realizing the short-term and long term financial potential of these partnerships.

Clinical Programs (LNP enabled)

TKM-PLK1

Our oncology product platform, TKM-PLK1, targets polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a protein involved in tumor cell proliferation and a validated oncology target. Inhibition of PLK1 expression prevents the tumor cell from completing cell division, resulting in cell cycle arrest and death of the cancer cell. Evidence that patients with elevated levels of PLK1 in their tumors exhibit poorer prognosis and survival rates has been documented in the medical literature. TKM-PLK1 is being evaluated in oncology indications in which there are limited or ineffective therapies available: Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors (GI-NET), Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).

GI-NET and ACC

GI-NET is the gastrointestinal subset of neuroendocrine tumors. According to a paper by Yao et al. (2008), a historical analysis of the US SEER database reveals the incidence of neuroendocrine tumors has increased faster in the last few decades than any other neoplasm, with a growth rate of greater than 3% expected to continue in the near term. The prevalence of GI-NET in the US is estimated to be approximately 55,000 individuals. Prognosis for advanced or metastatic GI-NET, the target population for TKM-PLK1, is poor with 25-54% of patients surviving less than one year.

ACC is an ultra-rare form of cancer that develops in the adrenal gland, with data from the US National Cancer Institute estimating 500 patients in the US. Survival prognosis for these patients is poor. A large percentage of patients are not good surgical candidates and there is a lack of effective systemic therapies.

We presented updated Phase I TKM-PLK1 data at the 6th Annual NET Conference hosted by the North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (NA-NETS) in Charleston, South Carolina on October 4, 2013. This data set included a total of 36 patients in a population of advanced cancer patients with solid tumors. Doses ranged from 0.15 mg/kg to 0.90 mg/kg during the dose escalation portion of the trial, with the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 0.75 mg/kg. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were experienced by four subjects in this heavily pre-treated, advanced cancer patient population, with three of four subjects continuing on study. Forty percent (6 out of 15) of patients evaluable for response, treated at a dose equal to or greater than 0.6 mg/kg, showed clinical benefit. Three out of the four ACC patients (75%) treated with TKM-PLK1 achieved stable disease, including one patient who saw a 19.3% reduction in target tumor size after two cycles of treatment and is still on study receiving TKM-PLK1. Of the two GI-NET patients enrolled, both experienced clinical benefit: one patient had a partial response based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors ( RECIST ) criteria, and the other GI-NET patient achieved stable disease and showed a greater than 50% reduction in Chromogranin-A (CgA) levels, a key biomarker used to predict clinical outcome and tumor response.

Based on encouraging results from the dose escalation portion and expansion cohort from our Phase I TKM-PLK1 clinical trial, we expanded into a Phase I/II clinical trial with TKM-PLK1, which is specifically enrolling patients within two therapeutic indications: advanced GI-NET or ACC. This multi-center, single arm, open label study is designed to measure efficacy using RECIST criteria for GI-NET patients and ACC patients as well as evaluate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of TKM-PLK1. TKM-PLK1 is administered weekly with each four-week cycle consisting of three once-weekly doses followed by a rest week. In the Fall of 2014, we achieved our enrolment target of patients with advanced GI-NET or ACC tumors. These patients will continue treatment and be followed to determine if TKM-PLK1 produces a meaningful clinical benefit.

We provided an update on this Phase I/II clinical study in December 2014. To date, 55 patients, in both the Phase I and Phase I/II studies have been treated at doses of ≥ 0.6 mg/kg, which is considered to be in the efficacious dose range based on preclinical studies. Of these, 31 patients comprise the target population of GI-NET or ACC patients. Currently, nine patients (GI-NET and ACC) remain actively on treatment and data collection is ongoing.

While we are still awaiting maturation of data, we continue to see evidence of anti-tumor activity in some treated subjects, including one ACC patient with an almost complete resolution of their disease. We expect to report final data from these studies in the second half of 2015.

HCC

HCC is one of the most common cancers and one of the most deadly, with over 650,000 deaths each year worldwide according to the Globocan 2012 database. US incidence is estimated at 27,000 individuals with annual growth rates greater than 2%. HCC is an aggressive, hard-to-treat disease with one-year survival rates of less than 50% and five-year rates as low as 4% (National Cancer Institute). To date, Nexavar ® (sorafenib) is the only agent approved to treat HCC with an improvement in overall survival of just two to three months.

In May 2014, we initiated another Phase I/II clinical trial with TKM-PLK1, enrolling patients with advanced HCC. Patient dosing has commenced and we have completed the first treatment in all of our subjects for the first HCC cohort. This Phase I/II clinical trial is a multi-center, single arm, open label dose escalation study designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of TKM-PLK1 as well as determine the maximum tolerated dose in patients with advanced HCC. It will also include a preliminary assessment of the anti-tumor activity of TKM-PLK1 in this patient population. It is expected that approximately 38 patients with advanced HCC tumors will be enrolled in this Phase I/II clinical trial.

TKM-Ebola

TKM-Ebola, an anti-Ebola RNAi therapeutic, is being developed under a $140 million contract, signed in July 2010, with the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Joint Project Manager Medical Countermeasure Systems BioDefense Therapeutics (JPM-MCS-BDTX). Preclinical studies published in the medical journal The Lancet in 2010 demonstrated that when RNAi triggers targeting the Ebola virus and delivered by our LNP technology were used to treat previously infected non-human primates, the result was 100 percent protection from an otherwise lethal dose of Zaire Ebola virus (Geisbert et al., The Lancet, Vol. 375, May 29, 2010).

In May 2013, our collaboration with the JPM-MCS-BDTX was modified and expanded to include advances in LNP formulation technology. The contract modification increased the first stage of funding from $34.7 million to $41.7 million. In April 2014, we signed a second contract modification to increase this funding by $2.1 million to a total of $43.8 million to compensate Tekmira for unrecovered costs that occurred in 2012 and to provide additional funding should it be required.

TKM-Ebola is being developed under specific U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory guidelines called the “Animal Rule”. This allows, in circumstances where it is unethical or not feasible to conduct human efficacy studies, marketing approval to be granted based on adequate and well-controlled animal studies when the results of those studies establish that the drug is reasonably likely to produce clinical benefit in humans. Demonstration of the product’s safety in humans is still required.

We were granted Fast Track designation from the FDA for the development of TKM-Ebola in March 2014. The FDA’s Fast Track is a process designed to facilitate the development and expedite the review of drugs in order to get important new therapies to the patient earlier.

In May 2014, we successfully completed the single ascending dose portion of the TKM-Ebola Phase I clinical trial in healthy human volunteers. Results demonstrated that administration of the TKM-Ebola therapeutic, in the absence of any steroid containing pre-medication, was well-tolerated at a dose level of 0.3 mg/kg, determined to be the maximum tolerated dose.

In July 2014, we received notice from the FDA placing the TKM-Ebola Investigational New Drug application (IND) on clinical hold until additional information is supplied, and the multiple ascending dose portion of the trial protocol is modified to ensure the safety of healthy volunteers. The clinical hold was subsequently modified to a partial clinical hold to permit the administration of TKM-Ebola to patients with a suspected or confirmed Ebola virus infection. Under the FDA’s expanded access program, several patients with a confirmed or suspected Ebola virus infection were treated with TKM-Ebola. Data is being collected and will be provided to the FDA under our IND. Health Canada also established a similar framework for the potential use of TKM-Ebola in the same group of patients.

With the emergency use of our TKM-Ebola product under expanded access protocols and recent developments, such as the production of a new product candidate for clinical trials in West Africa, the clinical development pathways for our Ebola products are evolving. We may not be able to resolve the partial clinical hold of the healthy volunteer, multiple ascending dose portion of our Phase 1 trial of TKM-Ebola.

In December 2014, the US Congress amended the Rare and Tropical Disease list to include Ebola as a candidate for a potential Accelerated Review Voucher.

TKM-Ebola-Guinea, an Anti-Ebola RNAi Therapeutic Targeting Ebola-Guinea Strain of Ebola Virus

In September 2014, we joined an international consortium led by the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) at the University of Oxford, UK, to potentially provide an RNAi based investigational therapeutic for expedited clinical studies in West Africa.

In October 2014, the genomic sequence of the Ebola-Guinea strain, which is the virus responsible for the recent outbreak in West Africa, was determined from several viral isolates and published in the New England Journal of Medicine (Baize S., et al. Emergence of Zaire Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea; New England Journal of Medicine , October 9, 2014 Vol. 371 No. 15). We rapidly developed a modified RNAi therapeutic to specifically target Ebola-Guinea. The new product, TKM-Ebola-Guinea, is designed to match the genomic sequence exactly, with two RNAi molecule triggers. Results of preclinical studies with TKM-Ebola-Guinea demonstrated efficacy comparable to those obtained with TKM-Ebola, which demonstrated up to 100% protection from an otherwise lethal dose of the virus.

In December 2014, we entered into a Manufacturing and Clinical Trial Agreement with the University of Oxford to provide the new TKM-Ebola-Guinea therapeutic product for clinical studies in West Africa. ISARIC can conduct clinical studies of TKM-Ebola-Guinea in Ebola virus infected patients, with funding provided by the Wellcome Trust. GMP manufacture of TKM-Ebola-Guinea is now complete and 100 treatment courses are available for the study. A Phase II single arm trial called RAPIDE (Rapid Assessment of Potential Interventions & Drugs for Ebola), was initiated in March 2015 in Sierra Leone. The study is open-label with a concurrent observational study in Ebola virus disease , and results are expected in the second half of 2015.

The U.S. Department of Defense JPM-MCS-BDTX has also exercised an option, valued at $7.0 million, in our current contract to manufacture TKM-Ebola-Guinea. We have been awarded the option for scale-up and GMP manufacture of the product for approximately 500 treatment courses.

Non-HBV Preclinical Programs (LNP enabled)

We are currently evaluating several additional preclinical candidates with potential in diverse therapeutic areas. Given the extremely high efficiency of delivery for third and fourth generation liver-centric LNP formulations, we are focused on rare diseases where the molecular target is found in the liver, early clinical proof-of-concept can be achieved and development opportunities may be accelerated. Our research team intends to continue to generate preclinical data to support the advancement of the most promising of these targets.

TKM-Marburg

Like Ebola, Marburg is a member of the filovirus family of hemorrhagic fever viruses. Natural outbreaks with the Marburg-Angola strain have resulted in mortality in approximately 90% of infected individuals. There are currently no approved therapeutics available for the treatment of Marburg infection.

In 2010, along with the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), we were awarded a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant to support research to develop RNAi therapeutics to treat Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever viral infections. In November 2013, we announced data showing 100% survival in non-human primates infected with the Angola strain of the Marburg virus in two separate studies. These results build upon a study published earlier in the Journal of Infectious Disease showing 100% protection in guinea pig models of infection with Angola, Ci67 and Ravn strains of the Marburg virus using a broad spectrum RNAi therapeutic enabled by Tekmira’s LNP.

In February 2014, along with UTMB, and other collaborators, we were awarded additional funding from the NIH in support of this research. Data was published demonstrating complete protection of non-human primates against lethal Marburg-Angola strain, ( Science Translational Medicine . Thi EP., et al. Marburg virus infection in nonhuman primates: Therapeutic treatment by lipid-encapsulated siRNA. 2014 Aug 20;6 (250))

Non-HBV Preclinical Programs (LNP enabled)

TKM-HTG

Our metabolic product platform, TKM-HTG, aims to achieve rapid and sustained reductions of triglycerides to address the limitations of existing Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) treatments. Hypertriglyceridemia is a type of dyslipidemia where there are high blood levels of triglycerides. Patients with severe HTG, (classified as triglyceride levels greater than 1000 mg/dL) are at risk of acute pancreatitis as well as the risk of cardiovascular disease. Approximately one million adults in the US and 18 million worldwide suffer from severe HTG. (NHANES 2003-2004 data).

Another patient group affected by HTG are those with Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome (FCS), which is a very rare hereditary condition affecting an estimated 1:1,000,000 people (www.fcs.raredr.com). Additionally, 35% of patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) suffer from mixed hyperlipidemia which is a combination of elevated cholesterol and high triglycerides. With underlying T2D, these patients are at considerable risk from cardiovascular disease.

TKM-HTG is being developed as a multi-component RNAi therapeutic that simultaneously targets a combination of genes expressed in the liver, which are known to play a significant role in triglyceride metabolism. High triglyceride levels are medically linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, insulin resistance and pancreatitis.

We anticipate filing an investigational new drug application, or equivalent document, in the second half of 2015.

TKM-ALDH

TKM-ALDH is designed to knockdown or silence aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) to induce long term acute sensitivity to ethanol, for use in severe alcohol use disorder. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in ethanol metabolism. Inhibition of ALDH activity, through the silencing of ALDH, results in the build-up of acetaldehyde leading to adverse physiological effects. Human proof of concept for ALDH inhibition already exists in the form of the approved drug disulfiram. However, disulfiram’s efficacy is compromised by poor compliance because it has to be taken daily. We believe TKM-ALDH will induce prolonged ethanol sensitivity that will enable it to overcome the compliance limitations associated with daily dosing. We are exploring partnering or external funding opportunities to maximize the value of this asset.

Ongoing Advancements in LNP Technology

We plan to continue to develop our proprietary LNP delivery technology and receive clinical validation from LNP-based products currently in clinical trials. The most advanced LNP-enabled therapeutic, which is being developed by Alnylam, has entered a Phase III clinical trial. We believe our LNP technology can remain an important cornerstone of our business development activities moving forward. We recently announced the latest (fourth) generation of the platform which comprises a rational re-design of the lipid architecture, as well as formulation and process advances. These attributes can be utilized in programs entering the clinic in 2015 and are expected to yield significant increases in potency and therapeutic index.

Because LNP can enable a wide variety of nucleic acid triggers, including mRNA, we continue to see new product development and partnering opportunities based on what we believe is our industry-leading delivery expertise. In February 2014, we presented new preclinical data at the AsiaTIDES scientific symposium in Tokyo, Japan demonstrating that mRNA can be effectively delivered to target proteins expressed.

Partner-Based Programs

Patisiran (ALN-TTR02)

Patisiran, or ALN-TTR02, which is being developed by Alnylam, represents the most clinically advanced application of our proprietary LNP delivery technology. In November 2013, Alnylam presented positive results from its Phase II clinical trial with patisiran (ALN-TTR02), an RNAi therapeutic targeting transthyretin (TTR) for the treatment of TTR-mediated amyloidosis (ATTR). In December 2013, Alnylam announced the initiation of the APOLLO Phase III trial of patisiran to evaluate efficacy and safety of patisiran in ATTR patients with Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy (FAP). In April 2014, Alnylam presented positive new data from its Phase II clinical trial with patisiran. These results provide additional support for Alnylam's Phase III APOLLO trial. In October 2014, Alnylam reported positive clinical data for the ongoing patisiran Phase II Open Label Extension (OLE) study in patients with FAP. The results demonstrated sustained knockdown of serum TTR of up to 90% and a favorable tolerability profile out to one year of treatment.

Alnylam has also pursued two other LNP-based products through clinical development: ALN-VSP (liver cancer), and ALN-PCS02 (hypercholesterolemia). Alnylam will pay Tekmira low single digit royalties based on commercial sales of Alnylam’s LNP-enabled products. More information about our licensing agreement with Alnylam can be found under the “Strategic Alliances, Licensing Agreements, and Research Collaborations” section of this report.

Marqibo®

Marqibo®, originally developed by Tekmira, is a novel, sphingomyelin/cholesterol liposome-encapsulated formulation of the FDA-approved anticancer drug vincristine. Marqibo’s approved indication is for the treatment of adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-ALL) in second or greater relapse or whose disease has progressed following two or more lines of anti-leukemia therapy. Our licensee, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Spectrum”), launched Marqibo through its existing hematology sales force in the United States. We are entitled to mid-single digit royalty payments based on Marqibo’s commercial sales. Spectrum has ongoing trials evaluating Marqibo in three additional indications, which are: first line use in patients with Philadelphia Negative Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph-ALL), Pediatric ALL and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. More information about our licensing agreement with Spectrum can be found under the “Strategic Alliances, Licensing Agreements, and Research Collaborations” section of this report.

DCR-PH1

In November 2014, we signed a licensing and collaboration agreement with Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to utilize our LNP delivery technology exclusively in Dicerna's primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) development program. Dicerna will use our third generation LNP technology for delivery of DCR-PH1, Dicerna's product incorporating its Dicer substrate RNA (DsiRNA) molecule, for the treatment of PH1, a rare, inherited liver disorder that often results in kidney failure and for which there are no approved therapies. More information about our licensing agreement with Dicerna can be found under the “Strategic Alliances, Licensing Agreements, and Research Collaborations” section of this report.

Strategic Alliances, Licensing Agreements, and Research Collaborations

Since inception, we have fostered collaborations and technology licensing relationships with leading companies in the RNAi field, including Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Merck & Co. Inc., the U.S. Department of Defense’s BioDefense Therapeutics’ Office, Monsanto, Dicerna Pharmaceuticals Inc., and other undisclosed pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.

We have certain rights under the RNAi intellectual property of Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to develop 13 RNAi therapeutic products. In addition, we have a broad non-exclusive license to use Unlocked Nucleobase Analogs (UNAs) from Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc. ( “Arcturus ”) for the development of RNAi therapeutic products directed to any target in any therapeutic indication.

Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Alnylam”) and Acuitas Therapeutics Inc. (“Acuitas”)

In November 2012, we, Alnylam, and AlCana Technologies, Inc. (now Acuitas Therapeutics Inc.) entered into an agreement to settle all litigation and to restructure the existing contractual relationship, replacing all earlier licensing, cross-licensing, collaboration, and manufacturing agreements. Consistent with the terms outlined in the 2012 settlement agreement, in December 2013, we finalized and entered a cross-license agreement with Acuitas. The terms provide Acuitas with access to certain of our earlier Intellectual Property (IP) generated prior to April 2010, and provide us with certain access to their technology and licenses in the RNAi field, along with a percentage of each milestone, and royalty payment with respect to certain products. In addition, Acuitas has agreed that it will not compete in the RNAi field for a period of five years.

As a result of the settlement and 2012 cross-license agreement, we received a total of $65 million in cash payments from Alnylam in November 2012. This included $30 million associated with the termination of the manufacturing agreement and $35 million associated with the termination of the previous Alnylam-Inex and Alnylam-Protiva license agreements, as well as a reduction of the milestone and royalty schedules associated with Alnylam’s ALN-VSP, ALN-PCS, and ALN-TTR programs. Of the $65 million received from Alnylam, $18.7 million was subsequently paid by us to our lead legal counsel, in satisfaction of the contingent obligation owed to that counsel. In addition, Alnylam transferred all agreed upon patents and patent applications related to LNP technology for the systemic delivery of RNAi therapeutic products, including the MC3 lipid family, which is used in Alnylam’s TTR-mediated amyloidosis treatment ALN-TTR02, to Tekmira. As a result, we own and control prosecution of this IP portfolio. We are the only company able to sublicense LNP intellectual property in future platform-type relationships. Alnylam has a license to use our IP to develop and commercialize products and may only grant access to our LNP technology to its partners if the partner is part of a product sublicense. Alnylam’s license rights are limited to patents that we filed, or that claim priority to a patent that was filed, before April 15, 2010. Alnylam does not have rights to our patents filed on or after April 15, 2010 unless they claim priority to a patent filed before that date. Alnylam will pay us low single digit royalties based on commercial sales of Alnylam’s LNP-enabled products using our technology, including ALN-TTR02 (patisiran), ALN-VSP, and ALN-PCS02.

The 2012 cross-license agreement with Alnylam also grants us IP rights to develop our own proprietary RNAi therapeutics. Alnylam has granted us a worldwide license for the discovery, development and commercialization of RNAi products directed to 13 gene targets – three exclusive and ten non-exclusive licenses – provided that they have not been committed by Alnylam to a third party, or are otherwise unavailable as a result of the exercise of a right of first refusal held by a third party, or are part of an ongoing or planned development program of Alnylam. Licenses for five of the 10 non-exclusive targets – ApoB, PLK1, Ebola, WEE1, and CSN5 – have already been granted, along with an additional license for ALDH2, which has been granted on an exclusive basis. In consideration for this license, we have agreed to pay single-digit royalties to Alnylam on product sales and have milestone obligations of up to $8.5 million on the non-exclusive licenses (with the exception of TKM-Ebola, which has no milestone obligations). Alnylam no longer has “opt-in” rights to our lead oncology product, TKM-PLK1, so we now hold all development and commercialization rights related TKM-PLK1. We will have no milestone obligations on the three exclusive licenses.

In December 2013, we received a $5.0 million milestone from Alnylam, triggered by the initiation of the APOLLO Phase III trial of patisiran. We have entered an arbitration proceeding with Alnylam, as provided for under our licensing agreement, to resolve a matter related to a disputed $5.0 million milestone payment payable to us by Alnylam for its ALN-VSP product. We have not recorded any revenue in respect of this milestone.

Merck & Co., Inc. ("Merck") and Alnylam license agreement

As a result of the business collaboration with Protiva in 2008, we acquired a non-exclusive royalty-bearing worldwide license agreement with Merck. Under the license, Merck will pay up to $17.0 million in milestones for each product they develop covered by Protiva’s IP, except for the first product for which Merck will pay up to $15.0 million in milestones, and will pay royalties on product sales. Merck’s license rights are limited to patents that we filed, or that claim priority to a patent that was filed, before October 9, 2008. Merck does not have rights to our patents filed after October 9, 2008 unless they claim priority to a patent filed before that date. Merck has also granted a license to us to certain of its patents. On March 6, 2014, Alnylam announced that they acquired all assets and licenses from Merck, which included our license agreement.

Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Dicerna”)

In November 2014, Tekmira signed a licensing agreement and a development and supply agreement with Dicerna to license Tekmira's LNP delivery technology for exclusive use in Dicerna's primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) development program. Dicerna will use Tekmira's third generation LNP technology for delivery of DCR-PH1, Dicerna's product incorporating its Dicer substrate RNA (DsiRNA) molecule, for the treatment of PH1, a rare, inherited liver disorder that often results in kidney failure and for which there are no approved therapies. Under the agreements, Dicerna paid Tekmira $2.5 million upfront and will potentially make payments of $22 million in aggregate development milestones, plus a mid-single-digit royalty on future PH1 sales. This partnership also includes a supply agreement under which we will provide clinical drug supply and regulatory support for the rapid advancement of this product candidate.

Monsanto Company (“Monsanto”)

In January 2014, we signed an Option Agreement and a Service Agreement with Monsanto, pursuant to which Monsanto may obtain a license to use our proprietary delivery technology. The transaction supports the application of our proprietary delivery technology and related IP for use in agriculture. The potential value of the transaction could reach $86.2 million following the successful completion of milestones. In January 2014, we received $14.5 million of the $17.5 million in anticipated near term payments. We received additional payments of $1.5 M each in June 2014 and October 2014 following achievement of specific program objectives.

Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Spectrum”)

In July 2013, Talon Therapeutics Inc. (formerly Hana Biosciences, Inc.) was acquired by Spectrum. Under a legacy license agreement, Spectrum has an exclusive license to three targeted chemotherapy products originally developed by us. Marqibo® (optisomal vincristine), Alocrest ® (optisomal vinorelbine) and Brakiva ® (optisomal topotecan). Spectrum will pay us milestones and single-digit royalties and is responsible for all future development and expenses.

We are eligible to receive milestone payments from Spectrum up to $18.0 million upon achievement of further development and regulatory milestones, as well as single-digit royalties based on product sales. If Spectrum sublicenses any of the product candidates, we are eligible to receive a percentage of any upfront fees or milestone payments received by Spectrum. On September 18, 2014, Spectrum announced that they have sublicensed rights to sell Marqibo in the Greater China region to CASI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“CASI”). CASI issued a promissory note for $1.5 million as up-front consideration for the sublicense. The promissory note is payable on March 17, 2016 at which time Spectrum will pay a portion to us. Depending on the royalty rates Spectrum receives from its sub-licensees, our royalty rate may be lower on product sales by the sub-licensees. The royalty rate will be reduced to low single digits if there is generic competition.

Marqibo is a novel, sphingomyelin/cholesterol liposome-encapsulated formulation of the FDA-approved anticancer drug vincristine originally developed by Tekmira. In September 2013, we announced that our licensee, Spectrum had launched Marqibo through its existing hematology sales force in the United States. Since then commercial sales have occurred. We are entitled to mid-single digit royalty payments based on Marqibo’s commercial sales.

Marina Biotech, Inc. (“Marina”) /Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc. (“Arcturus”)

In November 2012, we disclosed that we had obtained a worldwide, non-exclusive license to a novel RNAi trigger technology called Unlocked Nucleobase Analog (UNA) from Marina for the development of RNAi therapeutics. UNAs can be incorporated into RNAi drugs and have the potential to improve them by increasing their stability and reducing off-target effects. In August 2013, Marina assigned its UNA technology to Arcturus and the UNA license agreement between Tekmira and Marina was assigned to Arcturus. The terms of the license are otherwise unchanged.

To date, we have paid Marina $0.5 million in license fees and there are milestones of up to $3.2 million plus royalties for each product that we develop using UNA technology licensed from Marina. We announced on January 21, 2015, that we had initiated a Phase I clinical trial with TKM-HBV. As TKM-HBV utilizes UNA technology in-licensed from Arcturus, the initiation of the trial triggered a single milestone payment of $250,000 payable by us to Arcturus.

U.S. National Institutes of Health (“NIH”)

In October 2010, we announced that together with collaborators at The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), we were awarded a new NIH grant to support research to develop RNAi therapeutics to treat Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever viral infections using our LNP delivery technology. The grant, worth $2.4 million, is supporting work at Tekmira and at UTMB. In February 2014, we along with UTMB, and other collaborators, were awarded additional funding from the NIH in support of this research. Under this grant, we will receive $3.4 million over a period of five years.

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (“BMS”)

In May 2010, we announced a research collaboration with BMS. Under this agreement, BMS conducted preclinical work to validate the function of certain genes and shared the data with us to potentially develop RNAi therapeutic drugs against therapeutic targets of interest. We formulated the required RNAi trigger molecules enabled by our LNP technology to silence target genes of interest. BMS paid us $3.0 million concurrent with the signing of the agreement. We provided a predetermined number of LNP batches over the four-year agreement. In May 2011, we announced a further expansion of the collaboration to include broader applications of our LNP technology and additional target validation work. In May 2014, the collaboration expired and both parties’ obligations ended. Recognition of revenue from agreements with BMS is covered in the Revenue section of this MD&A.

Halo-Bio RNAi Therapeutics, Inc. (“Halo-Bio”)

In August 2011, we entered into a license and collaboration agreement with Halo-Bio. Under the agreement, Halo-Bio granted to us an exclusive license to its multivalent ribonucleic acid MV-RNA technology. The agreement was amended on August 8, 2012, to adjust future license fees and other contingent payments. To date, we have recorded $0.5 million in fees under our license from Halo-Bio. We terminated the agreement with Halo-Bio on July 31, 2013. There are no further payments due or contingently payable to Halo-Bio.

Aradigm Corporation (“Aradigm”)

In December 2004, we entered into a licensing agreement with Aradigm under which Aradigm exclusively licensed certain of our liposomal intellectual property for the pulmonary delivery of Ciprofloxacin. As amended, this agreement calls for milestone payments totalling $4.5 and $4.75 million, respectively, for the first two disease indications pursued by Aradigm using our technology, and for low- to mid-single-digit royalties on sales revenue from products using our technology. We terminated the Aradigm license agreement in May 2013.

University of British Columbia (“UBC”)

Certain early work on lipid nanoparticle delivery systems and related inventions was undertaken at the University of British Columbia (UBC). These inventions are licensed to us by UBC under a license agreement, initially entered in 1998 and as amended in 2001, 2006 and 2007. We have granted sublicenses under the UBC license to Alnylam as well as to Talon. Alnylam has in turn sublicensed back to us under the licensed UBC patents for discovery, development and commercialization of RNAi products. In mid-2009, we and our subsidiary Protiva entered into a supplemental agreement with UBC, Alnylam and Acuitas, in relation to a separate research collaboration to be conducted among UBC, Alnylam and Acuitas to which we have license rights. The settlement agreement signed in late 2012 to resolve the litigation among Alnylam, Acuitas, Tekmira and Protiva provided for the effective termination of all obligations under such supplemental agreement as between and among all litigants.

On November 10, 2014, the University of British Columbia filed a demand for arbitration against Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corp., BCICAC File No.: DCA-1623. We received UBC’s Statement of Claims on January 16, 2015. In its Statement of Claims, UBC alleges that it is entitled to $3.5 million in allegedly unpaid royalties based on publicly available information, and an unspecified amount based on non-public information. UBC also seeks interest and costs, including legal fees. Tekmira disputes UBC’s allegation. No dates have been scheduled for this arbitration.

Newly acquired assets as a result of our merger with OnCore

In addition to the newly acquired product candidates discussed above, our merger with OnCore resulted in the acquisition of the following:

Cytos Biotechnology Ltd (“Cytos”)

On December 30, 2014, OnCore entered into an exclusive, worldwide, sub-licensable (subject to certain restrictions with respect to licensed viral infections other than hepatitis) license to six different series of compounds. The licensed compounds are Qbeta-derived virus-like particles that encapsulate TLR9, TLR7 or RIG-I agonists and may or may not be conjugated with antigens from hepatitis virus or other licensed viruses. We have an option to expand this license to include additional viral infections other than influenza and Cytos will retain all rights for influenza, all non-viral infections, and all viral infections (other than hepatitis) for which we have not exercised an option.

In partial consideration for this license, upon closing of the Cytos Agreement we will be obligated to pay Cytos up to a total of $67 million for each of the six licensed compound series upon the achievement of specified development and regulatory milestones for hepatitis; and each additional licensed viral infection, up to a total of $110 million upon the achievement of specified sales performance milestones; and tiered royalty payments in the high-single to low-double digits, based upon the proportionate net sales of licensed products in any commercialized combination.

The Baruch S. Blumberg Institute (“Blumberg”) and Drexel University (“Drexel”)

In February 2014, OnCore entered into a license agreement with Blumberg and Drexel that granted us an exclusive (except as to certain know-how and subject to retained non-commercial research rights), worldwide, sub-licensable license to three different compound series: cccDNA inhibitors, capsid assembly inhibitors and HCC inhibitors.

In partial consideration for this license, OnCore paid a license initiation fee of $150,000 and issued warrants to Blumberg and Drexel. Under this license agreement, OnCore also agreed to pay up to $3.5 million in development and regulatory milestones per licensed compound series, up to $92.5 million in sales performance milestones per licensed product, and royalties in the mid-single digits based upon the proportionate net sales of licensed products in any commercialized combination. We are obligated to pay Blumberg and Drexel a double digit percentage of all amounts received from the sub-licensees, subject to customary exclusions.

In November 2014, OnCore entered into an additional license agreement with Blumberg and Drexel pursuant to which OnCore received an exclusive (subject to retained non-commercial research rights), worldwide, sub-licensable license under specified patents and know-how controlled by Blumberg and Drexel covering epigenetic modifiers of cccDNA and STING agonists. In consideration for these exclusive licenses, OnCore made an upfront payment of $50,000. Under this agreement, we will be required to pay up to $1.0 million for each licensed product upon the achievement of a specified regulatory milestone and a low single digit royalty, based upon the proportionate net sales of compounds covered by this intellectual property in any commercialized combination. We are also obligated to pay Blumberg and Drexel a double digit percentage of all amounts received from its sub-licensees, subject to exclusions.

Acquisition of Enantigen Therapeutics, Inc. (“Enantigen”)

In October 2014, OnCore acquired all of the outstanding shares of Enantigen pursuant to a stock purchase agreement. Through this transaction, OnCore acquired a HBV surface antigen secretion inhibitor program and a capsid assembly inhibitor program, each of which are now assets of Tekmira, following the merger with OnCore.

Under the stock purchase agreement, we agreed to pay to Enantigen’s selling stockholders up to a total of $21.0 million upon the achievement of specified development and regulatory milestones for the first two products that contain either a capsid compound, or a HBV surface antigen compound that is covered by a patent that acquired under this agreement, or a capsid compound from an agreed upon list of compounds, up to a total of $101.5 million in sales performance milestones in connection with the sale of the first commercialized product of Tekmira for the treatment of HBV, regardless of whether such product is based upon assets acquired under this agreement; and low single digit royalty on net sales of such first commercialized HBV product, up to a maximum royalty payment of $1.0 million that, if paid, would be offset against our milestone payment obligations.

License Agreements between Enantigen and Blumberg and Drexel

Under the stock purchase agreement, we also agreed to that Enantigen would fulfill its obligations under Enantigen’s three patent license agreements with Blumberg and Drexel. Pursuant to each patent license agreement, Enantigen is obligated to pay Blumberg and Drexel up to approximately $500,000 in development and regulatory milestones per licensed product, royalties in the low single digits, and a percentage of revenue it receives from its sub-licensees.

Research Collaboration and Funding Agreement with Blumberg

In October 2014, OnCore entered into a research collaboration and funding agreement with Blumberg under which we will provide $1.0 million per year of research funding for three years, renewable at our option for an additional three years, for Blumberg to conduct research projects in HBV and liver cancer pursuant to a research plan to be agreed upon by the parties. Blumberg has exclusivity obligations to Tekmira with respect to HBV research funded under the agreement. In addition, we have the right to match any third party offer to fund HBV research that falls outside the scope of the research being funded under the agreement. Blumberg has granted us the right to obtain an exclusive, royalty bearing, worldwide license to any intellectual property generated by any funded research project. If we elect to exercise our right to obtain such a license, we will have a specified period of time to negotiate and enter into a mutually agreeable license agreement with Blumberg. This license agreement will include the following pre negotiated upfront, milestone and royalty payments: an upfront payment in the amount of $100,000; up to $8.1 million upon the achievement of specified development and regulatory milestones; up to $92.5 million upon the achievement of specified commercialization milestones; and royalties at a low single to mid-single digit rates based upon the proportionate net sales of licensed products from any commercialized combination.

NeuroVive Pharmaceutical AB (“NeuroVive”)

In September 2014, OnCore entered into a license agreement with NeuroVive that granted us an exclusive, worldwide, sub-licensable license to develop, manufacture and commercialize, for the treatment of HBV, oral dosage form sanglifehrin based cyclophilin inhibitors (including OCB-030). Under this license agreement we have been granted a non-exclusive, royalty free right and license and right of reference to NeuroVive’s relevant regulatory approvals and filings for the sole purpose of developing, manufacturing and commercializing licensed products for the treatment of HBV. Under this license agreement, we have (1) an option to expand our exclusive license to include treatment of viral diseases other than HBV and (2) an option, exercisable upon specified conditions, to expand our exclusive license to include development, manufacture and commercialization of non-oral variations of licensed products for treatment of viral diseases other than HBV. NeuroVive retains all rights with respect to development, manufacture and commercialization of licensed products and non-oral variations of licensed products for all indications (other than HBV) for which we have not exercised our option.

In partial consideration for this license, OnCore paid NeuroVive a license fee of $1 million. We are also obligated to pay up to $47.0 million in clinical development and regulatory milestones per indication and up to $102.5 million in sales performance milestones per licensed product and indication. If we are acquired by a third party in a transaction that meets certain criteria, then we or our acquiror will be obligated to pay all remaining development, regulatory and sales milestone payments, regardless of whether the applicable milestone events have been achieved, for each licensed product that entered clinical development before such acquisition. We agreed to pay NeuroVive tiered royalties in the mid-single to low-double digit range based upon the proportionate gross sales of patented licensed products from any commercialized combination. If we terminate this license agreement in its entirety for convenience prior to the first commercial sale of any licensed product, we will be obligated to pay NeuroVive $2 million.

Patents and Proprietary Rights

Our commercial success depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain proprietary protection for our drug candidates, novel discoveries, product development technologies and other know-how, to operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of others and to prevent others from infringing our proprietary rights. Our policy is to seek to protect our proprietary position by, among other methods, filing or in licensing U.S. and foreign patents and patent applications related to our proprietary technology, inventions and improvements that are important to the development and implementation of our business. We also rely on trademarks, trade secrets, know how, continuing technological innovation and potential in licensing opportunities to develop and maintain our proprietary position.

In addition to our proprietary expertise, we own a portfolio of patents and patent applications directed to LNP inventions, the formulation and manufacture of LNP-based pharmaceuticals, chemical modification of RNAi molecules, and RNAi drugs and processes directed at particular disease indications. We have filed many patent applications with the US and European Patent Offices that have been granted. In the US our patents might be challenged by interference or opposition proceedings. In Europe, upon grant, a period of nine months is allowed for notification of opposition to such granted patents. If our patents are subjected to interference or opposition proceedings, we would incur significant costs to defend them. Further, our failure to prevail in any such proceedings could limit the patent protection available to our RNAi platform, including our product candidates.

We have a portfolio of approximately 95 patent families, in the U.S. and abroad, that are directed to various aspects of LNPs and LNP formulations. The portfolio includes approximately 72 issued U.S. patents, approximately 71 issued non-U.S. patents, and approximately 229 pending patent applications, including the following patents and applications in the United States and Europe (1) :

Invention Category	Title	Priority Filing Date*	Status**	Expiration Date***
LNP	Lipid Encapsulated Interfering RNA	07/16/2003	U.S. Pat. No.7,982,027; applications pending in the U.S. and Europe	07/16/2024
LNP	Lipid Encapsulated Interfering RNA	06/07/2004	U.S. Pat. No. 7,799,565; European Pat. No.1766035; application pending in the U.S.	06/07/2025
LNP	Novel Lipid Formulations for Nucleic Acid Delivery	04/15/2008	U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,058,069; 8,492,359 and 8,822,668; applications pending in U.S. and Europe.	04/15/2029
LNP	Novel Lipid Formulations for Delivery of Therapeutic Agents to Solid Tumors	07/01/2009	U.S. Pat. No.8,283,333 Applications pending in the U.S. and Europe	06/30/2030
LNP Manufacturing	Liposomal Apparatus and Manufacturing Methods	06/28/2002	U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,901,708 and 8,329,070; European Pat. No. 1519714; application pending in the U.S.; application allowed in Europe	06/30/2023
LNP Manufacturing	Systems and Methods for Manufacturing Liposomes	07/27/2005	Application pending in the U.S. and Europe	07/27/2026
Novel Lipids	Cationic Lipids and Methods of Use	06/07/2004	U.S. Pat. No. 7,745,651; European Pat. No. 1781593; application pending in the U.S.	06/07/2025
Novel Lipids	Polyethyleneglycol-Modified Lipid Compounds and Uses Thereof	09/15/2003	U.S. Pat. No. 7,803,397; European Pat. No. 1664316; application pending in the U.S.	09/15/2024
Chemical Modifications	Modified siRNA Molecules and Uses Thereof	11/02/2005	U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,101,741,8,188,263 and 8,513,403; applications pending in Europe and the U.S.	11/02/2026
Chemical Modifications	Modified siRNA Molecules and Uses Thereof	06/09/2006	U.S. Pat. No. 7,915,399	06/08/2027
Therapeutic Target	siRNA Silencing of Apolipoprotein B	11/17/2004	Application pending in Europe	11/17/2025
Therapeutic Target	Compositions and Methods for Silencing Apolipoprotein B	07/01/2009	U.S. Pat. No. 8,236,943 application pending in Europe	06/30/2030
Therapeutic Target	siRNA Silencing of Filovirus Gene Expression	10/20/2005	U.S. Pat. No. 7,838,658	10/20/2026
Therapeutic Target	Compositions and Methods for Silencing Ebola Virus Gene Expression	07/20/2009	Application allowed in the U.S.	07/20/2030
Therapeutic Target	Silencing of Polo-Like Kinase Expression using Interfering RNA	12/27/2007	Applications pending in the U.S. and Europe	12/23/2028

(1)	Patent information current as of January 8, 2015.
*	Priority filing dates are based on the filing dates of provisional patent applications. Provisional applications expire unless they are converted to non-provisional applications within one year.
**	An “allowed” patent application is an active case that has been found by the patent office to contain patentable subject matter, subject to the payment of issue/grant fees by the applicant.

***

Once issued, the term of a US patent first filed after mid-1995 generally extends until the 20th anniversary of the filing date of the first non-provisional application to which such patent claims priority. It is important to note, however, that the United States Patent & Trademark Office, or USPTO, sometimes requires the filing of a Terminal Disclaimer during prosecution, which may shorten the term of the patent. On the other hand, certain patent term adjustments may be available based on USPTO delays during prosecution. Similarly, in the pharmaceutical area, certain patent term extensions may be available based on the history of the drug in clinical trials. We cannot predict whether or not any such adjustments or extensions will be available or the length of any such adjustments or extensions.

Through our wholly-owned subsidiary, OnCore, we also have licenses to numerous patents and patent applications relating to HBV drug candidates, methods of manufacturing and development, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of hepatitis viruses in humans, among others.

Employees

At December 31, 2014, Tekmira had 103 employees, 75 of whom were engaged in research and development. As a result of our recent merger with OnCore, we are adding 11 additional employees. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement, nor have we experienced any work stoppages. We believe that relations with our employees are good.

Corporate information

The company is comprised of six entities, Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation (“Tekmira” or “we” or “us”) and five wholly owned subsidiaries (Protiva Biotherapeutics Inc., Protiva Agricultural Development Company Inc., Protiva Biotherapeutics (USA) Inc., OnCore Biopharma, Inc and Enantigen Therapeutics, Inc). Tekmira was incorporated pursuant to the British Columbia Business Corporations Act, or BCBCA, on October 6, 2005 and commenced active business on April 30, 2007 when Tekmira and its parent company, Inex Pharmaceuticals Corporation, or Inex, were reorganized under a statutory plan of arrangement (the Reorganization) completed under the provisions of the BCBCA. The Reorganization saw Inex’s entire business transferred to and continued by Tekmira. Protiva Biotherapeutics Inc., is incorporated under the BCBCA and was acquired by Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation on May 30, 2008. Protiva Biotherapeutics (USA) Inc., is incorporated in the State of Delaware and was acquired by Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation on May 30, 2008. Protiva Agricultural Development Company Inc., is incorporated under the BCBCA and was formed on January 9, 2014. On March 4, 2015, we completed a business combination with OnCore Biopharma, Inc., that is intended to create a leading global hepatitis B virus (HBV) company focused on developing a curative regimen for HBV patients by combining multiple therapeutic approaches. OnCore has one subsidiary, Enantigen Therapeutics, Inc.

Tekmira’s head office and principal place of business is located at 100—8900 Glenlyon Parkway, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, V5J 5J8 (telephone: (604) 419-3200). The Company’s registered and records office is located at 700 West Georgia St, 25th Floor, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V7Y 1B3. The address of the Seattle office is 1100 Dexter Ave N. Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98109. OnCore’s offices are located at 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902.

Investor information

We are a reporting issuer in Canada under the securities laws of each of the Provinces of Canada. On March 3, 2015, Tekmira’s common shares were voluntarily delisted from the Toronto Stock Exchange. Since November 15, 2010, Tekmira’s common shares have been trading on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “TKMR.” Tekmira's common shares will continue to be listed and trade on the NASDAQ under the ticker symbol of "TKMR" and its Canadian shareholders will be able to continue to trade through their brokers on that exchange.

We maintain an internet website at http://www.tekmira.com . The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this annual report on Form 10-K and should not be considered to be a part of this annual report on Form 10-K. Our website address is included in this annual report on Form 10-K as an inactive technical reference only. Our reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including our annual reports on Form 10-K (annual reports on Form 20-F up to year-ended December 31, 2012), our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q (quarterly reports on Form 6-K up to quarter-ended September 30, 2013) and our current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, are accessible through our website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after these reports are filed electronically with, or otherwise furnished to, the SEC. We also make available on our website the charters of our audit committee, executive compensation and human resources committee and corporate governance and nominating committee, whistleblower policy, insider trading policy, and majority voting policy, as well as our code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees. In addition, we intend to disclose on our web site any amendments to, or waivers from, our code of business conduct and ethics that are required to be disclosed pursuant to the SEC rules.

You may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding Tekmira and other issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The SEC’s Internet website address is http://www.sec.gov.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

Our business is subject to numerous risks. We caution you that the following important factors, among others, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf in filings with the SEC, press releases, communications with investors and oral statements. All statements other than statements relating to historical matters should be considered forward-looking statements. When used in this report, the words “believe,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “predict,” “may” “could” “should,” “intend,” “will,” “target,” “goal” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Any or all of our forward-looking statements in this annual report on Form 10-K and in any other public statements we make may turn out to be wrong. They can be affected by inaccurate assumptions we might make or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Many factors mentioned in the discussion below will be important in determining future results. Consequently, no forward-looking statement can be guaranteed. Actual future results may vary materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements. We explicitly disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date hereof. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosure we make in our reports filed with the SEC.

Risks Related to Our Business

We are in the early stages of our development and because we have a short development history with ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) and assets relating to HBV, there is a limited amount of information about us upon which you can evaluate our RNAi business and prospects, and our HBV business and prospects.

We have not begun to market or generate revenues from the commercialization of any RNAi products or our HBV products. We have only a limited history upon which one can evaluate our business and prospects as our therapeutic products are still at an early stage of development and thus we have limited experience and have not yet demonstrated an ability to successfully overcome many of the risks and uncertainties frequently encountered by companies in new and rapidly evolving fields, particularly in the biopharmaceutical area. For example, to execute our business plan, we will need to successfully:

	·	execute research and development activities using RNAi technology; and technologies involved in the development of HBV therapeutics;
	·	build, maintain and protect a strong intellectual property portfolio;
	·	gain acceptance for the development and commercialization of any product we develop;
	·	develop and maintain successful strategic relationships; and
	·	manage our spending and cash requirements as our expenses are expected to increase due to research and preclinical work, clinical trials, regulatory approvals, and commercialization and maintaining our intellectual property portfolio

If we are unsuccessful in accomplishing these objectives, we may not be able to develop products, raise capital, expand our business or continue our operations.

The approach we are taking to discover and develop novel drug products is unproven and may never lead to marketable drug products.

We intend to concentrate our internal research and development efforts in the future primarily on the discovery and development of therapeutics targeting chronic hepatitis B to be able to ultimately develop a cure for the disease. Our future success depends in part on the successful development of these therapeutics.

Our approach to the treatment of HBV is unproven, and we do not know whether we will be able to develop any drugs of commercial value.

There is no known cure for HBV. Any compounds that we develop may not effectively address the three key factors driving HBV persistence that we believe should be targeted in order to cure HBV. Even if we are able to develop compounds that address one or more of these key factors, targeting these key factors has not been proven to cure HBV. Further, our focus on the elimination of cccDNA as the critical component of developing a cure for HBV may be misplaced in the event that the elimination of cccDNA does not prove to contribute to a cure for HBV. In addition, we may be unable to develop a drug that successfully eliminates cccDNA. We may be unable to acquire additional drug candidates on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Even if we are able to acquire or develop drug candidates that address one of these mechanisms of action in preclinical studies, we may not succeed in demonstrating safety and efficacy of the drug candidate in human clinical trials. If we are unable to identify suitable compounds for preclinical and clinical development, we will not succeed in realizing our goal of a cure for HBV.

We also intend to continue research and development efforts on RNAi technology and products based on RNAi technology. While RNAi technology is based on a naturally occurring process that takes place inside cells, which can suppress the production of specific proteins, and has the potential to generate therapeutic drugs that take advantage of that process, neither we nor any other company has received regulatory approval to market a therapeutic product based on RNAi technology. The scientific discoveries that form the basis for our efforts to discover and develop new products are relatively new. While there are a number of RNAi therapeutics in development, very few product candidates based on these discoveries have ever been tested in humans and there can be no assurance that any RNAi therapeutic product will be approved for commercial use.

If we are not successful in developing a product with our research and development efforts, we may be required to change the scope and direction of our product development activities. In that case, we may not be able to identify and implement successfully an alternative product development strategy.

We expect to depend in part on our existing collaborators for a significant portion of our revenues and to develop, conduct clinical trials with, obtain regulatory approvals for, and manufacture, market and sell some of our product candidates. If these collaborations are unsuccessful, or anticipated milestone payments are not received, our business could be adversely affected.

We expect that we will depend in part on Alnylam, Spectrum, the DoD, and Monsanto to provide revenue to fund our operations, especially in the near term. The DoD represented 63% of our operating revenue for the year ended December 31, 2014. Furthermore, our strategy is to enter into various additional arrangements with corporate and academic collaborators, licensors, licensees and others for the research, development, clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing and commercialization of our products. We may be unable to continue to establish such collaborations, and any collaborative arrangements we do establish may be unsuccessful, or we may not receive milestone payments as anticipated.

Should any collaborative partner fail to develop or ultimately successfully commercialize any of the products to which it has obtained rights, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, once initiated, there can be no assurance that any of these collaborations will be continued or result in successfully commercialized products. Failure of a collaborative partner to continue funding any particular program could delay or halt the development or commercialization of any products arising out of such program. In addition, there can be no assurance that the collaborative partners will not pursue alternative technologies or develop alternative products either on their own or in collaboration with others, including our competitors, as a means for developing treatments for the diseases targeted by our programs.

We expect to spend substantial amounts to acquire additional drug candidates, to conduct further research and development and preclinical testing and clinical trials of our drug candidates, to seek regulatory approvals for our drug candidates and to launch and commercialize any drug candidates for which we receive regulatory approval. These expenditures will include costs associated with our and our subsidiary’s licensing agreements with Blumberg, or Drexel, and NeuroVive and Cytos. Under the terms of these agreements, we are obligated to make significant cash payments upon the achievement of specified development, regulatory and sales performance milestones, as well as royalty payments in connection with the sale of licensed products, to our licensors.

We expect the DoD to fund our TKM-Ebola program through to completion of a Phase 1 human safety clinical trial and possibly beyond that to FDA drug approval. The quantum and timing of funding may not be what we have projected and the DoD could cancel this funding at any time.

We have a contract with the DoD for $43.8 million for our TKM-Ebola program through to the completion of a Phase 1 human safety clinical trial and certain manufacturing objectives. The DoD may later extend the contract to cover the entire TKM-Ebola program through to FDA drug approval.

This is our first DoD contract of any notable size. Our lack of experience in dealing with the DoD brings uncertainty into our cash flow projections and uncertainty into our ability to execute the contract within DoD requirements. Furthermore, there is inherent risk in projecting cash flows years ahead for such a complex program. The quantum and timing of funding for the TKM-Ebola program may not be what we have projected and under the terms of the contract or the proposed modification to the contract and the DoD could cancel or suspend this funding, which is paid through monthly reimbursements, at any time.

We rely on third parties to conduct our clinical trials, and if they fail to fulfill their obligations, our development plans may be adversely affected.

We rely on independent clinical investigators, contract research organizations and other third-party service providers to assist us in managing, monitoring and otherwise carrying out our clinical trials. We have contracted with, and we plan to continue to contract with, certain third parties to provide certain services, including site selection, enrolment, monitoring and data management services. Although we depend heavily on these parties, we do not control them and therefore, we cannot be assured that these third parties will adequately perform all of their contractual obligations to us. If our third-party service providers cannot adequately fulfill their obligations to us on a timely and satisfactory basis or if the quality or accuracy of our clinical trial data is compromised due to failure to adhere to our protocols or regulatory requirements, or if such third parties otherwise fail to meet deadlines, our development plans may be delayed or terminated.

We have no sales, marketing or distribution experience and would have to invest significant financial and management resources to establish these capabilities.

We have no sales, marketing or distribution experience. We currently expect to rely heavily on third parties to launch and market certain of our products, if approved. However, if we elect to develop internal sales, distribution and marketing capabilities, we will need to invest significant financial and management resources. For products where we decide to perform sales, marketing and distribution functions ourselves, we could face a number of additional risks, including:

	·	we may not be able to attract and build a significant marketing or sales force;
	·	the cost of establishing a marketing or sales force may not be justifiable in light of the revenues generated by any particular product; and
	·	our direct sales and marketing efforts may not be successful.

If we are unable to develop our own sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we will not be able to successfully commercialize our products, if approved, without reliance on third parties.

We will rely on third-party manufacturers to manufacture our products (if approved) in commercial quantities, which could delay, prevent or increase the costs associated with the future commercialization of our products.

Our product candidates have not yet been manufactured for commercial use. If any of our product candidates become approved for commercial sale, in order to supply our or our collaborators’ commercial requirements for such an approved product, we will need to establish third-party manufacturing capacity. Any third-party manufacturing partner may be required to fund capital improvements to support the scale-up of manufacturing and related activities. The third-party manufacturer may not be able to establish scaled manufacturing capacity for an approved product in a timely or economic manner, if at all. If a manufacturer is unable to provide commercial quantities of such an approved product, we will have to successfully transfer manufacturing technology to a new manufacturer. Engaging a new manufacturer for such an approved product could require us to conduct comparative studies or utilize other means to determine bioequivalence of the new and prior manufacturers’ products, which could delay or prevent our ability to commercialize such an approved product. If any of these manufacturers is unable or unwilling to increase its manufacturing capacity or if we are unable to establish alternative arrangements on a timely basis or on acceptable terms, the development and commercialization of such an approved product may be delayed or there may be a shortage in supply. Any inability to manufacture our products in sufficient quantities when needed would seriously harm our business.

Manufacturers of our approved products, if any, must comply with current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) requirements enforced by the FDA and Health Canada through facilities inspection programs. These requirements include quality control, quality assurance, and the maintenance of records and documentation. Manufacturers of our approved products, if any, may be unable to comply with these cGMP requirements and with other FDA, Health Canada, state, and foreign regulatory requirements. We have little control over our manufacturers’ compliance with these regulations and standards. A failure to comply with these requirements may result in fines and civil penalties, suspension of production, suspension or delay in product approval, product seizure or recall, or withdrawal of product approval. If the safety of any quantities supplied is compromised due to our manufacturer’s failure to adhere to applicable laws or for other reasons, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or successfully commercialize our products, which would seriously harm our business.

Risks Related to Our Financial Results and Need for Financing

We will require substantial additional capital to fund our operations. If additional capital is not available, we may need to delay, limit or eliminate our research, development and commercialization processes and may need to undertake a restructuring.

Within the next several years, substantial additional funds will be required to continue with the active development of our pipeline products and technologies. In particular, our funding needs may vary depending on a number of factors including:

	·	revenues earned from our partners, including Alnylam, Spectrum, Monsanto, and Dicerna;
	·	revenues earned from our DoD contract to develop TKM-Ebola;
	·	the extent to which we continue the development of our product candidates or form collaborative relationships to advance our products;
	·	our decisions to in-license or acquire additional products or technology for development,
	·	our ability to attract and retain corporate partners, and their effectiveness in carrying out the development and ultimate commercialization of our product candidates;
	·	whether batches of drugs that we manufacture fail to meet specifications resulting in delays and investigational and remanufacturing costs;
	·	the decisions, and the timing of decisions, made by health regulatory agencies regarding our technology and products;
	·	competing technological and market developments; and
	·	prosecuting and enforcing our patent claims and other intellectual property rights.

We will seek to obtain funding to maintain and advance our business from a variety of sources including public or private equity or debt financing, collaborative arrangements with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and government grants and contracts. There can be no assurance that funding will be available at all or on acceptable terms to permit further development of our products especially in light of the current difficult climate for investment in early stage biotechnology companies.

If adequate funding is not available, we may be required to delay, reduce or eliminate one or more of our research or development programs or reduce expenses associated with non-core activities. We may need to obtain funds through arrangements with collaborators or others that may require us to relinquish most or all of our rights to product candidates at an earlier stage of development or on less favorable terms than we would otherwise seek if we were better funded. Insufficient financing may also mean failing to prosecute our patents or relinquishing rights to some of our technologies that we would otherwise develop or commercialize.

We have incurred losses in nearly every year since our inception and we anticipate that we will not achieve sustained profits for the foreseeable future. To date, we have had no product revenues.

With the exception of the year ended December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2012, we have incurred losses each fiscal year since inception until December 31, 2014 and have not received any revenues other than from research and development collaborations, license fees and milestone payments. From inception to December 31, 2014, we have an accumulated net deficit of $ 206 million. As we continue our research and development and clinical trials and seek regulatory approval for the sale of our product candidates, we do not expect to attain sustained profitability for the foreseeable future. We do not expect to achieve sustained profits until such time as strategic alliance payments, product sales and royalty payments, if any, generate sufficient revenues to fund our continuing operations. We cannot predict if we will ever achieve profitability and, if we do, we may not be able to remain consistently profitable or increase our profitability.

Risks Related to Managing Our Operations

If we are unable to attract and retain qualified key management, scientific staff, consultants and advisors, our ability to implement our business plan may be adversely affected.

We depend upon our senior executive officers as well as key scientific, management and other personnel. The competition for qualified personnel in the biotechnology field is intense. We rely heavily on our ability to attract and retain qualified managerial, scientific and technical staff. The loss of the service of any of the members of our senior management, including Dr. Mark Murray, our Chief Executive Officer, may adversely affect our ability to develop our technology, add to our pipeline, advance our product candidates and manage our operations.

We may have difficulty managing our growth and expanding our operations successfully as we seek to evolve from a company primarily involved in discovery and preclinical testing into one that develops products through clinical development and commercialization.

As product candidates we develop enter and advance through clinical trials, we will need to expand our development, regulatory, manufacturing, clinical and medical capabilities or contract with other organizations to provide these capabilities for us. As our operations expand, we expect that we will need to manage additional relationships with various collaborators, suppliers and other organizations. Our ability to manage our operations and growth will require us to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures. We may not be able to implement improvements to our management information and control systems in an efficient or timely manner and may discover deficiencies in existing systems or controls.

We could face liability from our controlled use of hazardous and radioactive materials in our research and development processes.

We use certain radioactive materials, biological materials and chemicals, including organic solvents, acids and gases stored under pressure, in our research and development activities. Our use of radioactive materials is regulated by the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission for the possession, transfer, import, export, use, storage, handling and disposal of radioactive materials. Our use of biological materials and chemicals, including the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of such materials and certain waste products is regulated by a number of federal, provincial and local laws and regulations. Although we believe that our safety procedures for handling such materials comply with the standards prescribed by such laws and regulations, the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be completely eliminated. In the event of such an accident, we could be held liable for any damages that result and any such liability could exceed our resources. We are not specifically insured with respect to this liability.

Our business and operations could suffer in the event of information technology system failures.

Despite the implementation of security measures, our internal computer systems and those of our contractors and consultants are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war, and telecommunication and electrical failures. Such events could cause interruption of our operations. For example, the loss of pre-clinical trial data or data from completed or ongoing clinical trials for our product candidates could result in delays in our regulatory filings and development efforts and significantly increase our costs. To the extent that any disruption or security breach will result in a loss of or damage to our data, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liability and the development of our product candidates could be delayed.

If, in the future, our internal control over financial reporting is not effective, it could have a material adverse effect on our stock price and our ability to raise capital.

We have completed an independent audit of our internal control over financial reporting for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2014 and no material weaknesses have been identified. If our internal control over financial reporting is determined in the future to not be effective, whether by our management or by our independent auditors, there could be an adverse reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which could materially adversely affect our stock price and our ability to raise capital necessary to operate our business. In addition, we may be required to incur costs in improving our internal control system and hiring additional personnel.

The failure to integrate successfully the businesses of Tekmira and OnCore in the expected timeframe would adversely affect Tekmira’s future results following the completion of the merger.

Tekmira recently closed a merger transaction whereby OnCore became its wholly owned subsidiary. The success of Tekmira will depend, in large part, on the ability of Tekmira to realize the anticipated benefits from this merger, including operating synergies, from combining the businesses of Tekmira and OnCore. To realize these anticipated benefits, Tekmira must successfully integrate the businesses of Tekmira and OnCore. This integration will be complex and time-consuming. Tekmira can offer no assurance that it realize the benefits anticipated to result from the merger.

Potential difficulties that may be encountered in the integration process include the following:

• complexities associated with managing the larger, combined business;

• integrating personnel from the two companies;

• potential unknown liabilities and unforeseen expenses, delays or regulatory conditions associated with the merger;

• performance shortfalls at one or both of the companies as a result of the diversion of management’s attention caused by completing the merger and integrating the companies’ operations and

• challenges related to the management and monitoring of new operations and associated increased costs and complexity.

Tekmira’s success will be dependent on its ability to maintain and renew relationships with pre-existing third party relationships. There can be no assurance that the business of Tekmira will be able to maintain pre-existing business relationships, or enter into or maintain new business relationships, on acceptable terms, if at all. The failure to maintain important pre-existing third party relationships could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition or results of operations of Tekmira.

Risks Related to Development, Clinical Testing and Regulatory Approval of Our Product Candidates

The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. There can be no assurance that our product candidates will obtain regulatory approval.

To obtain marketing approval, U.S. and Canadian laws require:

	·	controlled research and human clinical testing;
	·	establishment of the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought;
	·	government review and approval of a submission containing manufacturing, pre-clinical and clinical data;
	·	adherence to Good Manufacturing Practice Regulations during production and storage; and
	·	control of marketing activities, including advertising and labelling

The product candidates we currently have under development will require significant development, pre-clinical trial and clinical testing and investment of significant funds before their commercialization. Some of our product candidates, if approved, will require the completion of post-market studies. There can be no assurance that such products will be developed. The process of completing clinical testing and obtaining required approvals is likely to take a number of years and require the use of substantial resources. If we fail to obtain regulatory approvals, our operations will be adversely affected. Further, there can be no assurance that product candidates employing a new technology will be shown to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicable regulatory approvals.

Other markets have regulations and restrictions similar to those in the U.S. and Canada. Investors should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in view of the extensive regulatory environment which affects our business in any jurisdiction where we develop product candidates.

If testing of a particular product candidate does not yield successful results, then we will be unable to commercialize that product candidate.

We must demonstrate our product candidates’ safety and efficacy in humans through extensive clinical testing. Our research and development programs are at an early stage of development. We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, the testing process that could delay or prevent commercialization of any products, including the following:

	·	decreased demand for our product candidates;
	·	impairment of our business reputation;
	·	withdrawal of clinical trial participants;
	·	costs of related litigation;
	·	substantial monetary awards to patients or other claimants;
	·	loss of revenues; and
	·	inability to commercialize our product candidates.

Although we currently have product liability insurance coverage for our clinical trials for expenses or losses, our insurance coverage is limited to $10 million per occurrence, and $10 million in the aggregate, and may not reimburse us or may not be sufficient to reimburse us for any or all expenses or losses we may suffer. Moreover, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive and, in the future, we may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or in sufficient amounts to protect us against losses due to liability. We intend to expand our insurance coverage to include the sale of commercial products if we obtain marketing approval for our product candidates in development, but we may be unable to obtain commercially reasonable product liability insurance for any products approved for marketing. On occasion, large judgments have been awarded in class action lawsuits based on products that had unanticipated side effects. A successful product liability claim or series of claims brought against us could cause our stock price to fall and, if judgments exceed our insurance coverage, could decrease our cash and adversely affect our business.

The Animal Rule is a new and seldom-used approach to seeking approval of a new drug, and our TKM-Ebola program may not meet the requirements for this path to regulatory approval.

We plan to develop the TKM-Ebola therapeutic product candidate to treat Ebola virus using the “Animal Rule” regulatory mechanism. Pursuant to the Animal Rule, we must demonstrate efficacy in animal models and safety in humans. There is no guarantee that the FDA will agree to this approach for the development of TKM-Ebola, considering that no validated animal model has been established as predicting human outcomes in the prevention or treatment of the Ebola virus. The FDA may decide that our data are insufficient for approval and require additional pre-clinical, clinical, or other studies, or refuse to approve our products, or place restrictions on our ability to commercialize those products. Animal models represent, at best, a rough approximation of efficacy in humans, and, as such, countermeasures developed using animal models will be untested until their use in humans during an emergency.

Recently enacted and future legislation may increase the difficulty and cost for us to obtain marketing approval of and commercialize our drug candidates and affect the prices we may obtain.

In the United States and some foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes and proposed changes regarding the healthcare system that could, among other things, prevent or delay marketing approval of our drug candidates, restrict or regulate post approval activities and affect our ability to profitably sell any products for which we obtain marketing approval.

For example, in March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively the Affordable Care Act, was enacted to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain the growth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for health care and health insurance industries, impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Although it is too early to determine the effect of the Affordable Care Act, the new law appears likely to continue the downward pressure on pharmaceutical pricing, especially under the Medicare program, and may also increase our regulatory burdens and operating costs.

Moreover, the recently enacted Drug Supply Chain Security Act imposes new obligations on manufacturers of pharmaceutical products related to product and tracking and tracing. Legislative and regulatory proposals have been made to expand post approval requirements and restrict sales and promotional activities for pharmaceutical products. We are not sure whether additional legislative changes will be enacted, or whether the current regulations, guidance or interpretations will be changed, or what the impact of such changes on our business, if any, may be.

Coverage and adequate reimbursement may not be available for our drug candidates, which could make it difficult for us to sell our products profitably .

Market acceptance and sales of any drug candidates that we develop, will depend in part on the extent to which reimbursement for these products and related treatments will be available from third party payors, including government health administration authorities and private health insurers. Third party payors decide which drugs they will pay for and establish reimbursement levels. Third party payors often rely upon Medicare coverage policy and payment limitations in setting their own reimbursement policies. However, decisions regarding the extent of coverage and amount of reimbursement to be provided for each of our drug candidates will be made on a plan by plan basis. One payors determination to provide coverage for a product does not assure that other payors will also provide coverage, and adequate reimbursement, for the product. Additionally, a third party payors decision to provide coverage for a drug does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Each plan determines whether or not it will provide coverage for a drug, what amount it will pay the manufacturer for the drug, and on what tier of its formulary the drug will be placed. The position of a drug on a formulary generally determines the copayment that a patient will need to make to obtain the drug and can strongly influence the adoption of a drug by patients and physicians. Patients who are prescribed treatments for their conditions and providers performing the prescribed services generally rely on third party payors to reimburse all or part of the associated healthcare costs. Patients are unlikely to use our products unless coverage is provided and reimbursement is adequate to cover a significant portion of the cost of our products.

A primary trend in the U.S. healthcare industry and elsewhere is cost containment. Third party payors have attempted to control costs by limiting coverage and the amount of reimbursement for particular medications. We cannot be sure that coverage and reimbursement will be available for any product that we commercialize and, if reimbursement is available, what the level of reimbursement will be. Inadequate coverage and reimbursement may impact the demand for, or the price of, any product for which we obtain marketing approval. If coverage and adequate reimbursement is not available, or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize any drug candidates that we develop.

Additionally, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change the healthcare system in the United States and in some foreign jurisdictions that could affect our ability to sell any future drugs profitably. These legislative and regulatory changes may negatively impact the reimbursement for any future drugs, following approval.

Risks Related to Patents, Licenses and Trade Secrets

Other companies or organizations may assert patent rights that prevent us from developing or commercializing our products.

RNA interference is a relatively new scientific field that has generated many different patent applications from organizations and individuals seeking to obtain patents in the field. These applications claim many different methods, compositions and processes relating to the discovery, development and commercialization of RNAi therapeutic products. Because the field is so new, very few of these patent applications have been fully processed by government patent offices around the world, and there is a great deal of uncertainty about which patents will be issued, when, to whom, and with what claims. It is likely that there could be litigation and other proceedings, such as interference and opposition proceedings in various patent offices, relating to patent rights in RNAi.

In addition, there are many issued and pending patents that claim aspects of RNAi trigger chemistry technology that we may need to apply to our product candidates. There are also many issued patents that claim genes or portions of genes that may be relevant for RNAi trigger drug products we wish to develop. Thus, it is possible that one or more organizations will hold patent rights to which we will need a license. If those organizations refuse to grant us a license to such patent rights on reasonable terms, we will not be able to market products or perform research and development or other activities covered by these patents.

Our patents and patent applications may be challenged and may be found to be invalid, which could adversely affect our business.

Certain Canadian, U.S. and international patents and patent applications we own involve complex legal and factual questions for which important legal principles are largely unresolved. For example, no consistent policy has emerged for the breadth of biotechnology patent claims that are granted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or enforced by the U.S. federal courts. In addition, the coverage claimed in a patent application can be significantly reduced before a patent is issued. Also, we face the following intellectual property risks:

	·	some or all patent applications may not result in the issuance of a patent;
	·	patents issued may not provide the holder with any competitive advantages;
	·	patents could be challenged by third parties;
	·	the patents of others, including Alnylam, could impede our ability to do business;
	·	competitors may find ways to design around our patents; and
	·	competitors could independently develop products which duplicate our products.

A number of industry competitors and institutions have developed technologies, filed patent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patents may conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in the denial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able to obtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounter delays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses is prohibited. In addition, we could incur substantial costs in defending patent infringement suits brought against us or in filing suits against others to have such patents declared invalid. As publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature often lags behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain we or any licensor was the first creator of inventions covered by pending patent applications or that we or such licensor was the first to file patent applications for such inventions. Any future proceedings could result in substantial costs, even if the eventual outcomes are favorable. There can be no assurance that our patents, if issued, will be held valid or enforceable by a court or that a competitor’s technology or product would be found to infringe such patents.

Our business depends, in part, on our ability to use RNAi technology that we have licensed or will in the future license from third parties, including Alnylam, and, if these licenses were terminated or if we were unable to license additional technology we may need in the future, our business will be adversely affected.

We currently hold licenses for certain technologies that are or may be applicable to our current and subsequent product candidates. These include a license to patents held or applied for by Alnylam and a license to UNA technology from Arcturus Therapeutics. The licenses are subject to termination in the event of a breach by us of the license, if we fail to cure the breach following notice and the passage of a cure period. The UBC license, which is sublicensed to Alnylam, is subject to termination with respect to one or more particular patents if we and Alnylam were to cease patent prosecution or maintenance activities with respect to such patent(s), or in the event of a breach by us of the license, if we fail to cure the breach following notice and the passage of a cure period. There can be no assurance that these licenses will not be terminated. We may need to acquire additional licenses in the future to technologies developed by others, including Alnylam. For example, Alnylam has granted us a worldwide license for the discovery, development and commercialization of RNAi products directed to thirteen gene targets (three exclusive and ten non-exclusive licenses). Licenses for the five non-exclusive targets and one exclusive target have already been granted. We have rights to select the gene targets for up to two more exclusive licenses and five more nonexclusive licenses from Alnylam, which would be made available to us only if they have not been previously selected by Alnylam or one of its other partners. This will limit the targets available for selection by us, and we may never be able to select gene targets or may be required to make our selection from gene targets that have minimal commercial potential. Furthermore, future license agreements may require us to make substantial milestone payments. We will also be obligated to make royalty payments on the sales, if any, of products resulting from licensed RNAi technology. For some of our licensed RNAi technology, we are responsible for the costs of filing and prosecuting patent applications. The termination of a license or the inability to license future technologies on acceptable terms may adversely affect our ability to develop or sell our products.

Our business depends, in part, on our ability to use the technology that we have licensed or will in the future license from third parties, including Blumberg, NeuroVive and Cytos, and, if these licenses were terminated or if we were unable to license additional technology we may need in the future, our business will be adversely affected.

Through our wholly owned subsidiary, OnCore, we have licensed certain of our intellectual property from Blumberg and NeuroVive and Cytos. Our current technology licenses are critical to our business and we expect to enter into additional licenses in the future. If we fail to comply with our obligations under these agreements or any future license agreements, we are subject to a bankruptcy, or if we grant a sublicense in the future and our sublicense does not comply with our obligations under these agreements or becomes subject to a bankruptcy, the licensor may have the right to terminate the license, in which event we would not be able to develop or market products covered by the license or may face other penalties under the agreements, which would have a materially adverse effect on our business. In addition, applicable laws involving bankruptcy or similar proceeding by licensors in some jurisdictions outside the United States may provide the trustee or receiver in such proceeding with the right to set aside or otherwise terminate or seek to modify the license. Any termination of these agreements or reduction or elimination of our rights under these agreements may result in our having to negotiate new or amended agreements with less favorable terms, or cause us to lose our rights under these agreements, including our rights to important intellectual property and technologies that form the basis of our technology, which may then be in licensed by one or more of our competitors.

We may incur substantial costs as a result of litigation or other proceedings relating to patent and other intellectual property rights which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and could cause the market value of our Common Shares to decline.

There has been significant litigation in the biotechnology industry over contractual obligations, patents and other proprietary rights, and we may become involved in various types of litigation that arise from time to time. Involvement in litigation could consume a substantial portion of our resources, regardless of the outcome of the litigation. Counterparties in litigation may be better able to sustain the costs of litigation because they have substantially greater resources. If claims against us are successful, in addition to any potential liability for damages, we could be required to obtain a license, grant cross-licenses, and pay substantial milestones or royalties in order to continue to develop, manufacture or market the affected products. Involvement and continuation of involvement in litigation may result in significant and unsustainable expense, and divert management’s attention from ongoing business concerns and interfere with our normal operations. Litigation is also inherently uncertain with respect to the time and expenses associated therewith, and involves risks and uncertainties in the litigation process itself, such as discovery of new evidence or acceptance of unanticipated or novel legal theories, changes in interpretation of the law due to decisions in other cases, the inherent difficulty in predicting the decisions of judges and juries and the possibility of appeals. Ultimately we could be prevented from commercializing a product or be forced to cease some aspect of our business operations as a result of claims of patent infringement or violation of other intellectual property rights and the costs associated with litigation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results and could cause the market value of our Common Shares to decline.

Confidentiality agreements with employees and others, including collaborators, may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information.

Much of our know-how and technology may constitute trade secrets. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to meaningfully protect our trade secrets. In order to protect our proprietary technology and processes, we rely in part on confidentiality agreements with our collaborators, employees, vendors, consultants, outside scientific collaborators and sponsored researchers, and other advisors. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of confidential information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. In addition, others may independently discover trade secrets and proprietary information, and in such cases we could not assert any trade secret rights against such party. Costly and time consuming litigation could continue to be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position.

Risks Related to Competition

The pharmaceutical market is intensely competitive. If we are unable to compete effectively with existing drugs, new treatment methods and new technologies, we may be unable to successfully commercialize any product candidates that we develop.

The pharmaceutical market is intensely competitive and rapidly changing. Many large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions, governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations are pursuing the development of novel drugs for the same diseases that we are targeting or expect to target. Many of our competitors have:

	·	much greater financial, technical and human resources than we have at every stage of the discovery, development, manufacture and commercialization process;
	·	more extensive experience in pre-clinical testing, conducting clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals, and in manufacturing, marketing and selling pharmaceutical products;
	·	product candidates that are based on previously tested or accepted technologies;
	·	products that have been approved or are in late stages of development; and
	·	collaborative arrangements in our target markets with leading companies and research institutions.

We will face intense competition from products that have already been approved and accepted by the medical community for the treatment of the conditions for which we are currently developing products. We also expect to face competition from new products that enter the market. We believe a significant number of products are currently under development, and may become commercially available in the future, for the treatment of conditions for which we may try to develop products. These products, or other of our competitors’ products, may be more effective, safer, less expensive or marketed and sold more effectively, than any products we develop.

We are aware of several companies that are working to develop drugs that would compete against our drug candidates for HBV treatment. As a significant unmet medical need exists for HBV, there are several large and small pharmaceutical companies focused on delivering therapeutics for treatment of HBV. Further, it is likely that additional drugs will become available in the future for the treatment of HBV. We will face competition from other drugs currently approved or that will be approved in the future for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.

There are a large number of companies that are developing new agents for use in cancer therapy including RNAi therapeutics, and there are other companies developing small molecule drugs designed to inhibit the PLK1 target, including Onconova Therapeutics and Millennium/Takeda. These agents may be competitive with our product candidate TKM-PLK1.

We anticipate significant competition in the HBV market with several early phase product candidates announced. In addition, there are organizations working on treatments for Ebola virus disease and other hemorrhagic fever viruses. We will also face competition for other product candidates that we expect to develop in the future.

If we successfully develop product candidates, and obtain approval for them, we will face competition based on many different factors, including the following:

	·	safety and effectiveness of our products
	·	ease with which our products can be administered and the extent to which patients and physicians accept new routes of administration;
	·	timing and scope of regulatory approvals for these products;
	·	availability and cost of manufacturing, marketing and sales capabilities;
	·	price;
	·	reimbursement coverage; and
	·	patent position.

Our competitors may develop or commercialize products with significant advantages over any products we develop based on any of the factors listed above or on other factors. Our competitors may therefore be more successful in commercializing their products than we are which could adversely affect our competitive position and business. Competitive products may make any products we develop obsolete or uncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing our product candidates. Such competitors could also recruit our employees, which could negatively impact our level of expertise and the ability to execute on our business plan. Furthermore, we also face competition from existing and new treatment methods that reduce or eliminate the need for drugs, such as the use of advanced medical devices. The development of new medical devices or other treatment methods for the diseases we are targeting and may target could make our product candidates non-competitive, obsolete or uneconomical.

We face competition from other companies that are working to develop novel products using technology similar to ours. If these companies develop products more rapidly than we do or their technologies, including delivery technologies, are more effective than ours, then our ability to successfully commercialize products will be adversely affected.

In addition to the competition we face from competing products in general, we also face competition from other companies working to develop novel products using technology that competes more directly with our own. There are multiple companies working in the field of RNAi, including major pharmaceutical companies such as Novartis International AG, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, and Merck, and biotechnology companies such as Alnylam, Quark Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Silence Therapeutics plc, Arrowhead Research Corporation and its subsidiary, Calando Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Marina, RXi Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sylentis S.A., Santaris Pharma A/S, and Benitec Ltd., among others. Any of these companies may develop its RNAi technology more rapidly and more effectively than we do or may develop products against the same target or disease indication that we are pursuing.

We also compete with companies working to develop antisense-based drugs, such as Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Sarepta. Like RNAi therapeutic products, antisense drugs target messenger RNAs, or mRNAs, in order to suppress the activity of specific genes. Isis is the developer of a currently approved antisense drug and has several antisense product candidates in clinical trials. Isis has also licensed its antisense technology to a number of other companies that are developing antisense-based drugs. The development of antisense drugs is more advanced than that of RNAi therapeutic products, and antisense technology may become the preferred technology for products that target mRNAs to silence specific genes.

In addition to competition with respect to RNAi and with respect to specific products, we face substantial competition to discover and develop safe and effective means to deliver RNAi triggers to the relevant cell and tissue types. Our competitors may develop safer and more effective means to deliver RNAi triggers to the relevant cell and tissue types than our existing lipid nanoparticle delivery technology, and our ability to successfully commercialize our products would be adversely affected. In addition, substantial resources are being expended by third parties in the effort to discover and develop alternative means of delivering RNAi triggers into the relevant cell and tissue types, both in academic laboratories and in the corporate sector. Some of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do, and if our competitors are able to negotiate exclusive access to those delivery solutions developed by third parties, we may be unable to successfully commercialize our product candidates.

We face significant competition from other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies targeting HBV.

As a significant unmet medical need exists for HBV, there are several large and small pharmaceutical companies focused on delivering therapeutics for treatment of HBV. Further, it is likely that additional drugs will become available in the future for the treatment of HBV.

We are aware of several companies that are working to develop drugs that would compete against our drug candidates for HBV treatment. Many of our existing or potential competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and human resources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of drug candidates, as well as in obtaining regulatory approvals of those drug candidates in the United States and in foreign countries. Our current and potential future competitors also have significantly more experience commercializing drugs that have been approved for marketing. Mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries could result in even more resources being concentrated among a small number of our competitors.

Competition may increase further as a result of advances in the commercial applicability of technologies and greater availability of capital for investment in these industries. Our competitors may succeed in developing, acquiring or licensing, on an exclusive basis, drug candidates that are more effective or less costly than any drug candidate that we may develop.

We will face competition from other drugs currently approved or that will be approved in the future for the treatment of HBV. Therefore, our ability to compete successfully will depend largely on our ability to:

•

discover, develop and commercialize drugs that are superior to other products in the market;

•

demonstrate through our clinical trials that our drug candidates are differentiated from existing and future therapies;

•

attract qualified scientific, product development and commercial personnel;

•

obtain patent or other proprietary protection for our drugs and technologies;

•

obtain required regulatory approvals;

•

successfully collaborate with pharmaceutical companies in the discovery, development and commercialization of new drugs; and

•

negotiate competitive pricing and reimbursement with third party payors.

The availability of our competitors’ products could limit the demand, and the price we are able to charge, for any drug candidate we develop. The inability to compete with existing or subsequently introduced drug candidates would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and prospects.

Established pharmaceutical companies may invest heavily to accelerate discovery and development of novel compounds or to in license novel compounds that could make our drug candidates less competitive. In addition, any new product that competes with an approved product must demonstrate compelling advantages in efficacy, convenience, tolerability and safety in order to overcome price competition and to be commercially successful. Accordingly, our competitors may succeed in obtaining patent protection, discovering, developing or receiving FDA approval for or commercializing medicines before we do, which would have a material adverse impact on our business.

Risks Related to the Ownership of our Common Shares

If our stock price fluctuates, our investors could incur substantial losses.

The market price of our Common Shares may fluctuate significantly in response to factors that are beyond our control. The stock market in general has recently experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. The market prices of securities of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have been extremely volatile, and have experienced fluctuations that often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. These broad market fluctuations could result in extreme fluctuations in the price of our Common Shares, which could cause our investors to incur substantial losses.

There is no assurance that an active trading market in our Common Shares will be sustained.

Our Common Shares are listed for trading on the NASDAQ exchange. However, there can be no assurances that an active trading market in our Common Shares on these stock exchanges will be sustained.

We a re incorporated in Canada and the majority of our assets, and some of our officers reside outside the United States, with the result that it may be difficult for investors to enforce any judgments obtained against us or some of our officers.

Tekmira, and some of its subsidiaries, are incorporated under the laws of the Province of British Columbia and the majority of Tekmira’s assets are located outside the United States. While we have appointed National Registered Agents, Inc. as our agent for service of process to effect service of process within the United States upon us, it may not be possible for you to enforce against us or those persons in the United States, judgments obtained in U.S. courts based upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws or other laws of the United States. In addition, there is doubt as to whether original action could be brought in Canada against us or our directors or officers based solely upon U.S. federal or state securities laws and as to the enforceability in Canadian courts of judgments of U.S. courts obtained in actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal or state securities laws.

If we are deemed to be a “passive foreign investment company” for the current or any future taxable year, investors who are subject to United States federal taxation would likely suffer materially adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.

We generally will be a “passive foreign investment company” under the meaning of Section 1297 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), (a “PFIC”) if (a) 75% or more of our gross income is “passive income” (generally, dividends, interest, rents, royalties, and gains from the disposition of assets producing passive income) in any taxable year, or (b) if at least 50% or more of the quarterly average value of our assets produce, or are held for the production of, passive income in any taxable year. A shareholder who is a U.S. person (as such term is defined under applicable U.S. legislation) should be aware that we believe that we were a PFIC during one or more prior taxable years. We have not yet made a determination as to whether we were a PFIC in respect of our taxable year ended December 31, 2014. If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. person holds our Common Shares, it would likely result in materially adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences for such U.S. person, including, but not limited to, any gain from the sale of our Common Shares would be taxed as ordinary income, as opposed to capital gain, and such gain and certain distributions on our Common Shares would be subject to an interest charge, except in certain circumstances. It may be possible for U.S. persons to fully or partially mitigate such tax consequences by making a “qualifying electing fund election,” as defined in the Code (a “QEF Election”), but there is no assurance that we will provide such persons with the information that we are required to provide to them in order to assist them in making a QEF Election. In addition, U.S. persons that hold Common Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants are generally not eligible to make certain elections available under the Code that are intended to mitigate the adverse tax consequences of PFIC rules with respect to such warrant shares unless such holders also elect to make a deemed taxable sale of their warrant shares. The PFIC rules are extremely complex.

Our articles and certain Canadian laws could delay or deter a change of control.

Our preferred shares are available for issuance from time to time at the discretion of our board of directors, without shareholder approval. Our articles allow our board, without shareholder approval, to determine the special rights to be attached to our preferred shares, and such rights may be superior to those of our Common Shares.

In addition, limitations on the ability to acquire and hold our Common Shares may be imposed by the Competition Act in Canada. This legislation permits the Commissioner of Competition of Canada to review any acquisition of a significant interest in us. This legislation grants the Commissioner jurisdiction to challenge such an acquisition before the Canadian Competition Tribunal if the Commissioner believes that it would, or would be likely to, result in a substantial lessening or prevention of competition in any market in Canada. The Investment Canada Act subjects an acquisition of control of a company by a non-Canadian to government review if the value of our assets, as calculated pursuant to the legislation, exceeds a threshold amount. A reviewable acquisition may not proceed unless the relevant minister is satisfied that the investment is likely to result in a net benefit to Canada. Any of the foregoing could prevent or delay a change of control and may deprive or limit strategic opportunities for our shareholders to sell their shares.

The exercise of all or any number of outstanding stock options, the award of any additional options, bonus shares or other stock-based awards or any issuance of shares to raise funds or acquire a business may dilute your Common Shares.

We have in the past and may in the future grant to some or all of our directors, officers and employees options to purchase our Common Shares and other stock-based awards as non-cash incentives to those persons. The issuance of any equity securities could, and the issuance of any additional shares will, cause our existing shareholders to experience dilution of their ownership interests.

Any additional issuance of shares or a decision to acquire other businesses through the sale of equity securities may dilute our investors’ interests, and investors may suffer dilution in their net book value per share depending on the price at which such securities are sold. Such issuance may cause a reduction in the proportionate ownership and voting power of all other shareholders. The dilution may result in a decline in the price of our Common Shares or a change in control.

We do not expect to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We have not paid any cash dividends to date and we do not intend to declare dividends for the foreseeable future, as we anticipate that we will reinvest future earnings, if any, in the development and growth of our business. Therefore, investors will not receive any funds unless they sell their Common Shares, and shareholders may be unable to sell their shares on favorable terms or at all. We cannot assure you of a positive return on investment or that you will not lose the entire amount of your investment in our Common Shares. Prospective investors seeking or needing dividend income or liquidity should not purchase our Common Shares.

The value of our securities, including our Common Shares, might be affected by matters not related to our operating performance and could subject us to securities litigation.

The value of our Common Shares may be reduced for a number of reasons, many of which are outside our control, including:

	·	general economic and political conditions in Canada, the United States and globally;
	·	governmental regulation of the health care and pharmaceutical industries;
	·	failure to achieve desired drug discovery outcomes by us or our collaborators;
	·	failure to obtain industry partner and other third party consents and approvals, when required;
	·	stock market volatility and market valuations;
	·	competition for, among other things, capital, drug targets and skilled personnel;
	·	the need to obtain required approvals from regulatory authorities;
	·	revenue and operating results failing to meet expectations in any particular period;
	·	investor perception of the health care and pharmaceutical industries;
	·	limited trading volume of our Common Shares;
	·	announcements relating to our business or the businesses of our competitors; and
	·	our ability or inability to raise additional funds.

The concentration of the common shares ownership with insiders will likely limit the ability of the other shareholders to influence corporate matters.

As of March 9, 2015, executive officers, directors, five percent or greater shareholders, and their respective affiliated entities of the Tekmira beneficially own, in the aggregate, approximately 44% of Tekmira’s outstanding common shares. As a result, these shareholders, acting together, have significant influence over most matters that require approval by Tekmira’s shareholders, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. Corporate actions might be taken even if other shareholders oppose them. This concentration of ownership might also have the effect of delaying or preventing a corporate transaction that other shareholders may view as beneficial.

If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about the business of Tekmira, or if they publish negative evaluations, the price of Tekmira’s Common Shares could decline.

The trading market for the Tekmira’s Common Shares may be impacted by the availability or lack of research and reports that third-party industry or financial analysts publish about Tekmira. There are many large, publicly traded companies active in the biopharmaceutical industry, which may mean it will be less likely that Tekmira receives widespread analyst coverage. Furthermore, if one or more of the analysts who do cover Tekmira downgrade its stock, its stock price would likely decline. If Tekmira does not receive adequate coverage by reputable analysts that have an understanding of Tekmira’s business and industry, it could fail to achieve visibility in the market, which in turn could cause its stock price to decline.

Risk Factors Relating to Assets Acquired as a result of the Merger with OnCore

We are required to make deferred payments in connection with OnCore’s prior acquisition of Enantigen, and its failure to make these payments may adversely affect Tekmira’s ability to progress certain of its drug development programs.

In connection with OnCore’s acquisition of Enantigen, OnCore paid $2.0 million in cash to Enantigen’s selling stockholders in October 2014 and an additional $1.0 million in cash in December 2014. We are obligated to pay an additional $2.0 million in cash by March 31, 2015. If we do not pay this amount as required, we would be required to return all shares of Enantigen to its former stockholders, which would mean that we would lose our rights to certain HBV surface antigen secretion inhibitor and capsid assembly inhibitor programs.

OnCore has licensed critical portions of its intellectual property from Blumberg, Drexel and NeuroVive, and is subject to significant obligations under those license agreements.

The rights OnCore holds under its license agreements with Blumberg, Drexel and NeuroVive are important to its business. The OnCore discovery and development platform is built, in part, around patents exclusively in licensed from these parties. For example, the elimination of cccDNA is the most critical element in our combination strategy to cure HBV, and the cccDNA formation inhibitor program is in licensed from Blumberg and Drexel.

OnCore has licenses with Blumberg and Drexel, both directly and through its acquisition of Enantigen, that grant it the exclusive (except in some cases as to know how that is not unique or specific to the licensed products or compound series, which are non-exclusive and subject to retained rights for non-commercial research use), worldwide license to make, have made, use, import, offer for sale and sell products incorporating one or more licensed compounds, which include cccDNA inhibitors, capsid assembly inhibitors, inhibitors of secretion of HBV antigens and hepatocellular carcinoma inhibitors, either for general use in humans or for use in the field of HBV research, diagnosis and treatment. OnCore’s license with NeuroVive grants OnCore the exclusive, worldwide license under patents and know how controlled by NeuroVive to develop, manufacture and commercialize for the treatment of HBV, oral dosage form products, or licensed products, that incorporate sanglifehrin based cyclophilin inhibitors, including OnCore’s drug candidate OCB-030. OnCore’s license with Cytos grants OnCore the exclusive, worldwide, sub licensable (subject to certain restrictions with respect to licensed viral infections other than hepatitis) license, under patents and know-how controlled by Cytos, to research, develop, manufacture and commercialize, for the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of hepatitis viruses in humans, licensed products that incorporate Q beta-derived virus-like particles that are filled with TLR9, TLR7 or RIG-I agonists.

Under OnCore’s agreements with Blumberg, Drexel, NeuroVive and Cytos, OnCore is subject to significant obligations, including diligence obligations with respect to development and commercialization activities, payment obligations upon achievement of certain milestones and royalties on product sales, as well as other material obligations. Under OnCore’s direct agreement with Blumberg and Drexel, OnCore agreed to pay up to $3.5 million in development and regulatory milestones per licensed compound series, up to $92.5 million in sales performance milestones per licensed product, and royalties in the mid-single digits in connection with the sale of licensed products. Under each of the three license agreements that OnCore’s subsidiary Enantigen has with Blumberg and Drexel, Enantigen is obligated to pay up to $500,000 in development and regulatory milestones per licensed product and royalties in the low single digits in connection with the sale of licensed products. Under OnCore’s agreement with NeuroVive, OnCore agreed to pay up to $47.0 million in clinical development and regulatory milestones per indication, up to $102.5 million in sales performance milestones per licensed product and indication, and tiered royalties in the mid-single to low double digits in connection with the sale of licensed products. Under OnCore’s agreement with Cytos, OnCore agreed to pay up to $67 million upon the achievement of specified development and regulatory milestones for hepatitis and each additional licensed viral infection, in each case for each of the six licensed compound series, up to $110 million upon the achievement of specified sales performance milestones, and tiered royalty payments at a royalty rate in the high-single to low double digits, based upon net sales of licensed products. If these payments become due under the terms of the agreements, OnCore may not have sufficient funds available to meet its obligations and we may be negatively affected.

If there is any conflict, dispute, disagreement or issue of non-performance between OnCore and Blumberg, Drexel, NeuroVive or Cytos regarding OnCore’s rights or obligations under these license agreements, including any conflict, dispute or disagreement arising from OnCore failure to satisfy diligence or payment obligations under such agreements, Blumberg and Drexel or NeuroVive or Cytos, as applicable, may have a right to terminate the license. The loss of any of these license agreements could materially and adversely affect OnCore’s ability to use intellectual property that is critical to our drug discovery and development efforts, as well as its ability to enter into future collaboration, licensing and/or marketing agreements for one or more affected drug candidates or development programs.

OnCore relies on and will incur additional expense in connection with its research collaboration with Blumberg.

In October 2014, OnCore entered into an agreement with Blumberg under which it will provide annual funding for a three year period in the amount of $1.0 million per year and which is renewable for an additional three year period at our option, for Blumberg to conduct research projects in HBV and liver cancer pursuant to a research plan to be agreed upon by the parties. In exchange, OnCore has the right to obtain an exclusive, royalty bearing, worldwide license to intellectual property generated by Blumberg in the course of the funded research and OnCore believes that Blumberg’s HBV research platform will continue to be a source of potentially novel hepatitis B targets, drug candidates, assays and other HBV specific technologies. As a result, OnCore is dependent, in part, upon the success of Blumberg in performing its responsibilities under this research collaboration. Blumberg may not cooperate with OnCore or perform its obligations under the agreement. OnCore cannot control the amount and timing of Blumberg’s resources that will be devoted to research and development activities related to our research collaboration. Further, development costs associated with OnCore’s research projects may be difficult to anticipate and exceed our expectations. If funding is unable to continue to financially support the collaboration, if OnCore does not obtain exclusive licenses from Blumberg to the resulting intellectual property, or if OnCore fails to comply with its obligations under those license agreements, its development efforts may be materially harmed.

Some of OnCore’s licensors have retained rights to develop and commercialize certain of its drug candidates to treat diseases other than HBV and, as a result, its development and commercialization efforts may be negatively affected.

OnCore’s license agreements provide OnCore with the rights to develop and commercialize our drug candidates for HBV; however, some of OnCore’s licensors have retained rights to develop and commercialize certain of its drug candidates to treat diseases other than HBV, and to license those rights to other third parties. For example, NeuroVive has retained rights to the development of sanglifehrin based cyclophilin inhibitors, including those having the same active ingredient as OCB-030, and Cytos has retained all rights with respect to development of the licensed products for influenza, all non-viral infections and certain viral infections other than hepatitis.

NeuroVive is currently performing preclinical studies on an intravenous formulation of one of these drug candidates with the intention of initiating clinical trials in cardiovascular disease and central nervous system conditions. Because NeuroVive’s drug candidate has the same active ingredient as OCB-030, OnCore’s ability to successfully develop and commercialize OCB-030 could be negatively affected by data, including any adverse events, arising from NeuroVive’s clinical trials. If OnCore obtains regulatory approval for OCB-030 or its TLR9 agonist for HBV and NeuroVive or Cytos, as the case may be, obtains regulatory approval for a drug candidate that has the same active ingredient as OCB-030 or our TLR9 agonist for another indication, and if each is available outside of a combination therapy, physicians may prescribe the NeuroVive or Cytos drug, instead of OnCore’s drug, to patients with HBV if, for example, the cost of the NeuroVive or Cytos drug is less than our drug. In this case, OnCore would not be receiving any payments on the account of such sales and our revenue would be adversely affected.

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

There are no unresolved staff comments at the moment.

Item 2.

Properties

Our head office and principal place of business is located at 100-8900 Glenlyon Parkway, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, V5J 5J8. The Company leases a 51,000 square foot facility. On June 23, 2014, we signed a renewal agreement to the operating lease for its laboratory and office premises. The renewal is effective August 1, 2014 and expires July 31, 2019, but we have the option to extend the lease to 2024, 2029, and 2034. We believe that the total space available to us under our current lease will meet our needs for the foreseeable future and that additional space would be available to us on commercially reasonable terms if required.

Through our wholly owned subsidiary, OnCore, we have approximately 2,600 square feet of leased office space at 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902.

Item 3.

Legal Proceedings

We are involved with various legal matters arising in the ordinary course of business. We make provisions for liabilities when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Such provisions are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impact of any settlement negotiations, judicial and administrative rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. Litigation is inherently unpredictable. Although the ultimate resolution of these various matters cannot be determined at this time, we do not believe that such matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition.

Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“Alnylam”)

On June 21, 2013, we transferred manufacturing process technology to Ascletis Pharmaceuticals (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd. (“Ascletis”) to enable them to produce ALN-VSP, a product candidate licensed to them by Alnylam. We believe that under a licensing agreement with Alnylam, the technology transfer to Ascletis triggers a $5 million milestone obligation from Alnylam to Tekmira. However, Alnylam has demanded a declaration that we have not yet met our milestone obligations. We dispute Alnylam’s position. To remedy this dispute, the parties have commenced arbitration proceedings, as provided for under the agreement. In addition to seeking a declaration that we have met our obligations under the agreement, we have also stated a claim for breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and fraud. The hearing date for this arbitration is currently set for the second week in May, 2015.

University of British Columbia (“UBC”)

Certain early work on lipid nanoparticle delivery systems and related inventions was undertaken at the University of British Columbia (UBC). These inventions are licensed to us by UBC under a license agreement, initially entered in 1998 as amended in 2001, 2006 and 2007. We have granted sublicenses under the UBC license to Alnylam as well as to Talon. Alnylam has in turn sublicensed back to us under the licensed UBC patents for discovery, development and commercialization of RNAi products. In mid-2009, we and our subsidiary Protiva entered into a supplemental agreement with UBC, Alnylam and AlCana Technologies, Inc., in relation to a separate research collaboration to be conducted among UBC, Alnylam and AlCana to which we have license rights. The settlement agreement signed in late 2012 to resolve the litigation among Alnylam, AlCana, Tekmira and Protiva provided for the effective termination of all obligations under such supplemental agreement as between and among all litigants.

On November 10, 2014, the University of British Columbia filed a demand for arbitration against Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corp., BCICAC File No.: DCA-1623. We received UBC’s Statement of Claims on January 16, 2015. In its Statement of Claims, UBC alleges that it is entitled to $3.5 million in allegedly unpaid royalties based on publicly available information, and an unspecified amount based on non-public information. UBC also seeks interest and costs, including legal fees. We dispute UBC’s allegation. No dates have been scheduled for this arbitration.

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5.

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On November 15, 2010, our common shares began to trade on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “TKMR”. Our common shares are also traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange in Canada under the symbol “TKM”. As at March 9, 2015, there were 126 registered holders of common shares and 46,567,496 common shares issued and outstanding. The following table shows the progression in the high and low trading prices of our common shares on the NASDAQ Global Market and the Toronto Stock Exchange for the periods listed:

	NASDAQ High (US$)		NASDAQ Low (US$)		TSX High (C$)		TSX Low (C$)
Year Ended:
December 31, 2014	$	31.48	$	7.65	$	34.66	$	8.14
December 31, 2013	$	11.42	$	4.18	$	11.62	$	4.31
Quarter Ended:
December 31, 2014	$	29.93	$	12.54	$	33.69	$	14.37
September 30, 2014	$	26.05	$	8.86	$	28.56	$	9.55
June 30, 2014	$	24.47	$	10.20	$	26.99	$	11.08
March 31, 2014	$	31.48	$	7.65	$	34.66	$	8.14
December 31, 2013	$	11.42	$	6.93	$	11.62	$	7.16
September 30, 2013	$	7.72	$	4.70	$	7.90	$	4.96
June 30, 2013	$	5.25	$	4.25	$	5.34	$	4.35
March 31, 2013	$	5.53	$	4.18	$	5.45	$	4.31
Month Ended:
February 28, 2015	$	25.49	$	17.50	$	33.76	$	17.05
January 31, 2015	$	26.73	$	14.50	$	32.19	$	21.90

Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders/Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

Purchase of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

Not applicable.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Stock Performance Graph

The following performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each as amended, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing .

The following graph compares the cumulative shareholder return on an investment of C$100 in the Common Shares of the Company on the TSX from December 31, 2009, with a cumulative total shareholder return on the TSX Composite Total Return and TSX Capped Health Care Indices.

Geographic Breakdown of Shareholders

As of March 9, 2015, our shareholder register indicates that our common shares are held as follows:

Location	Number of Shares		Percentage of Total Shares		Number of Registered Shareholders of Record

Canada		15,776,736		33.9%		100
United States		14,776,536		31.7%		22
Other		16,014,224		34.4%		4

Total		46,567,496		100%		126

Our securities are recorded in registered form on the books of our transfer agent, CST Trust Company, located at 1600-1066 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC V6E 3X1. However, the majority of such shares are registered in the name of intermediaries such as brokerage houses and clearing houses (on behalf of their respective brokerage clients). We are permitted, upon request to our transfer agent, to obtain a list of our beneficial shareholders who do not object to their identities being disclosed to us. We are not permitted to obtain from our transfer agent a list of our shareholders who have objected to their identities being disclosed to us.

Shares registered in intermediaries were assumed to be held by residents of the same country in which the clearing house was located.

Dividends

We have not declared or paid any dividends on our common shares since the date of our incorporation. We intend to retain our earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business and do not expect to pay dividends or to make any other distributions in the near future. Our board of directors will review this policy from time to time having regard to our financing requirements, financial condition and other factors considered to be relevant.

Item 6.

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

The following table presents selected financial data derived from Tekmira’s audited consolidated financial statements for each of the five years for the period ending December 31, 2014. You should read this information in conjunction with our financial statements for the periods presented, as well as Item 1 “ Business ” and Item 7 “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ” included elsewhere in this Annual Report. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of future results.

Summary Financial Information

Under U.S. GAAP (in thousands of US dollars, except per share amounts)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2014			2013			2012			2011			2010
	$			$			$			$			$
Operating Data
Revenue		14,953			15,465			14,105			16,812			20,745
Expenses		47,925			27,617			27,050			27,505			32,900
Loss from operations		(32,972	)		(12,152	)		(12,945	)		(10,694	)		(12,155	)
Net income (loss)		(38,837	)		(14,063	)		29,611			(10,083	)		(12,058	)
Weighted average number of common shares—basic (1)		21,603			15,303			13,728			11,319			10,333
Weighted average number of common shares—diluted (1)		21,603			15,303			14,321			11,319			10,333
Income (loss) per common share—basic		(1.80	)		(0.92	)		2.16			(0.89	)		(1.17	)
Income (loss) per common share—diluted		(1.80	)		(0.92	)		2.07			(0.89	)		(1.17	)
Balance Sheet Data
Total current assets		116,418			70,343			51,243			11,594			18,006
Total assets		118,178			71,716			52,595			13,758			21,136
Total liabilities		30,143			12,522			11,676			8,531			10,345
Share capital		316,212			242,045			206,572			200,965			196,393
Total stockholders’ equity		88,035			59,194			40,919			5,227			10,791
Number of shares outstanding (1)		22,438			19,049			14,305			12,149			10,339

Notes:

(1)

On November 4, 2010, Tekmira completed a consolidation of its common shares whereby five old common shares of Tekmira were exchanged for one new common share of Tekmira. Except as otherwise indicated, all references to common shares, common shares outstanding, average number of common shares outstanding, per share amounts and options in this document have been restated to reflect the common shares consolidation on a retroactive basis.

Item 7.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

OVERVIEW

Following our recent business combination with OnCore Biopharma Inc. (“OnCore”) we intend to focus our efforts on discovering, developing and commercializing a cure for patients suffering from chronic HBV infection, a disease of the liver caused by hepatitis B. Our strategy incorporates our heritage and expertise in RNAi combined with the newly acquired assets and expertise through the OnCore merger.

Tekmira is a biopharmaceutical company that since inception has focused on developing and advancing novel RNA interference therapeutics, as well as pursuing partnering opportunities for its leading lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery technology. RNAi has the potential to generate a broad new class of therapeutics that take advantage of the body’s own natural processes to silence genes – or more specifically to eliminate specific gene-products from the cell. With this ability to eliminate disease-causing proteins from cells, RNAi products represent opportunities for therapeutic interventions that have not been achievable with conventional drugs.

Delivery technology is crucial in order to protect RNAi drugs in the bloodstream following administration, allow efficient delivery to the target cells, and facilitate cellular uptake and release into the cytoplasm of the cell. By encapsulating the RNAi trigger molecules in lipid particles, Tekmira’s propriety LNP technology enables efficient delivery and uptake into target cells. Tekmira’s LNP technology represents the most widely adopted delivery technology in RNAi. To date, it has enabled eight clinical trials and been administered to well over 250 patients. Furthermore, recent results demonstrate that multi-dosing with LNP has been well-tolerated with treatments out to one year.

LNP can also enable a wide variety of nucleic acid triggers, including messenger RNA. As such, we continue to seek new product development and partnering opportunities based on our industry-leading delivery expertise.

Our Product Candidates

As a result of our merger with OnCore our pipeline of assets has expanded beyond therapeutics being developed with RNAi technology. In HBV, we have what we believe is an industry-leading pipeline focused on curing HBV. Our belief is that to achieve an HBV cure, a combination of products that affect the main drivers of HBV need to be utilized. Specifically, this means that to be successful, we believe we need to have products that address HBV persistence — in antiviral replication, immune reactivation and the presence of cccDNA.

Once multiple compounds within the portfolio with sufficient anti HBV activity have been identified, we intend, subject to discussions with regulatory authorities, to conduct a rolling Phase II clinical program. These studies will likely evaluate combinations of two or more drug candidates in small cohorts of patients with chronic HBV infection to identify active combinations and those that do not have sufficient antiviral activity. We also plan to evaluate different treatment durations to determine the optimal duration for a finite duration therapy. We expect to use these results to adaptively design additional treatment regimens for the next cohorts. We plan to continue this iterative process until we select combination therapy regimens and treatment durations to conduct Phase III clinical trials intended to ultimately support regulatory filings for marketing approval.

We intend to continue to expand our HBV pipeline through internal development, acquisitions and in-licenses. We believe that a major engine for internal innovation is the collaboration entered into by OnCore, which is now a wholly owned subsidiary on Tekmira, with Blumberg, one of the leading non-profit research institutes in the world focused on HBV. We believe that this collaboration will provide us with access to cutting-edge research in new target identification, assay development, mechanism of action studies and lead-finding efforts focused on hepatitis B virus. This relationship also provides us with access to research that we believe is equal to, or surpasses that of other biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies, and can add value to our current and future R&D efforts in HBV.

TKM-HBV

We presented results from our preclinical studies at the 10th Annual Meeting of the Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Society Meeting held in San Diego, California, on October 15, 2014. Among the results reported is the potent and rapid reduction in HBsAg demonstrated by TKM-HBV in several well-validated models. In these models, TKM-HBV treatment resulted in reductions in both intrahepatic and serum HBsAg, as well as reductions in HBV DNA, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), HBeAg and HBcAg. A rapid 1 log reduction in serum HBsAg was achieved with a single 1 mg/kg dose of TKM-HBV in the humanized mouse model, which closely mimics chronic human hepatitis B infection. 1-2 log viral reductions from similar single-dose LNP treatments in two other true-infection animal models were also demonstrated.

The TKM-HBV Phase I clinical trial is a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study, involving single ascending doses of TKM-HBV. The study will assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of intravenous administration of two formulations of TKM-HBV in healthy adult subjects. For each formulation, there are five planned cohorts for a total of 20 subjects (40 in total for both formulations). Four subjects will be enrolled per cohort with three subjects receiving TKM-HBV, and one receiving placebo. We expect the results from the Phase I clinical trial in healthy human volunteers to determine which product formulation will advance into chronically infected patients in a multi-dosing trial in the second half of 2015.

Newly Acquired HBV Candidates as a result of our merger with OnCore

Following Tekmira’s recent merger with OnCore our product development pipeline will now focus on discovery, acquisition or in-licensing and developing drug candidates that attack multiple targets of the HBV lifecycle, including the aggressive suppression of HBV replication and the formation inhibition and elimination of cccDNA. Although the ultimate curative regimens for HBV are currently unknown, we have assembled a robust portfolio of drug development programs targeting hepatitis B, which we plan to evaluate to determine the best potential combination approaches for patients. These assets include the following:

Cyclophilin Inhibitor — OCB-030

Cyclophilins are proteins that have been shown to play a role in several biological processes, including viral infection. By inhibiting cyclophilin, we believe the ability of HBV to replicate can be impaired and the host immune response toward HBV may be enhanced. We have licensed from NeuroVive Pharmaceutical AB, or NeuroVive, the exclusive rights to develop and commercialize cyclophilin inhibitor drug candidates, including OCB-030, for the treatment of hepatitis B. We are engaged in studies which we expect to be completed in order to file an IND, or equivalent, by year end 2015.

TLR9 Agonist (CYT-003)

Pharmaceutical activation of TLRs is a novel and attractive approach for the treatment of chronic HBV because agonism of these receptors triggers innate immune responses and also stimulates adaptive immunity. It is hoped that immune stimulation by TLR agonists can overcome the multiple immunologic blocks that allows chronic HBV infection, including direct activation of the host’s innate antiviral response, hence overcoming the functional weakness in HBV-specific immune cell responses.

Licensed from Cytos, CYT003 is a biological carrier which is filled G10 a toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) agonist. CYT-003 has been shown to directly activate B cells and stimulates human pDC to secrete Interferon alpha. CYT-003 also activates other antigen presenting cells indirectly and promotes the development of TH1 type cytokine response. This is thought to be potentially beneficial in promoting anti-HBV T cell immunity. CYT003 has previously been utilised in human trials in other indications and therefore could move quickly into the clinic in HBV infected patients. We anticipate initiating preclinical studies to demonstrate proof of concept 1H 2015. If the preclinical studies show utility in HBV, we could likely progress straight into patients given the existing safety database and the open INDs.

Capsid Assembly Inhibitors

We are developing two capsid assembly inhibitors as oral therapeutics for the treatment of chronic HBV infection. By inhibiting assembly of the viral capsid, the ability of hepatitis B virus to replicate is impaired, which subsequently reduces the amount of new virus produced, and may have an effect on cccDNA. We acquired exclusive, worldwide rights to these drug candidates through an in-license from Blumberg and Drexel University, or Drexel, and through OnCore’s recent acquisition of Enantigen Therapeutics, Inc., or Enantigen. We expect to file an IND with the FDA, or an equivalent filing with foreign regulatory authorities, and initiate Phase 1 studies with one of these compounds in 2016.

Surface Antigen Secretion Inhibitors

STING Agonists

cccDNA Formation Inhibitors

We are developing multiple series of cccDNA formation inhibitors. The inhibition of cccDNA formation would reduce the amount of cccDNA in the infected liver cell and could ultimately eliminate the reservoir of HBV genomic material required for continued viral replication. We acquired the exclusive, worldwide rights to this program through an in-license from Blumberg. This program is currently in early optimization and we anticipate filing an IND with the FDA or its equivalent in another territory in 2017.

cccDNA Epigenetic Modifiers

Non-HBV Assets Clinical Programs TKM-PLK1, TKM-Ebola, TKM-Ebola-Guinea (LNP Enabled)

TKM-PLK1

GI-NET and ACC

We presented updated Phase I TKM-PLK1 data at the 6th Annual NET Conference hosted by the North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (NA-NETS) in Charleston, South Carolina on October 4, 2013. This data set included a total of 36 patients in a population of advanced cancer patients with solid tumors. Doses ranged from 0.15 mg/kg to 0.90 mg/kg during the dose escalation portion of the trial, with the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 0.75 mg/kg. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were experienced by four subjects in this heavily pre-treated, advanced cancer patient population, with three of four subjects continuing on study. Forty percent (6 out of 15) of patients evaluable for response, treated at a dose equal to or greater than 0.6 mg/kg, showed clinical benefit. Three out of the four ACC patients (75%) treated with TKM-PLK1 achieved stable disease, including one patient who saw a 19.3% reduction in target tumor size after two cycles of treatment and is still on study receiving TKM-PLK1. Of the two GI-NET patients enrolled, both experienced clinical benefit: one patient had a partial response based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors ( RECIST) criteria, and the other GI-NET patient achieved stable disease and showed a greater than 50% reduction in Chromogranin-A (CgA) levels, a key biomarker used to predict clinical outcome and tumor response.

Based on encouraging results from the dose escalation portion and expansion cohort from our Phase I TKM-PLK1 clinical trial, we expanded into a Phase I/II clinical trial with TKM-PLK1, which is specifically enrolling patients within two therapeutic indications: advanced GI-NET or ACC. This multi-center, single arm, open label study is designed to measure efficacy using RECIST criteria for GI-NET patients and ACC patients as well as evaluate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of TKM-PLK1. TKM-PLK1 is administered weekly with each four-week cycle consisting of three once-weekly doses followed by a rest week. In the fall of 2014, we achieved our enrolment target of patients with advanced GI-NET or ACC tumors. These patients will continue treatment and be followed to determine if TKM-PLK1 produces a meaningful clinical benefit.

HCC

HCC is one of the most common cancers and one of the most deadly, with over 650,000 deaths each year worldwide according to the Globocan 2012 database. US incidence is estimated at 27,000 individuals with annual growth rates greater than 2%. HCC is an aggressive, hard-to-treat disease with one-year survival rates of less than 50% and five-year rates as low as 4% (National Cancer Institute). To date, Nexavar (sorafenib) is the only agent approved to treat HCC with an improvement in overall survival of just two to three months.

TKM-Ebola

TKM-Ebola is being developed under specific U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory guidelines called the “Animal Rule.” This allows, in circumstances where it is unethical or not feasible to conduct human efficacy studies, marketing approval to be granted based on adequate and well-controlled animal studies when the results of those studies establish that the drug is reasonably likely to produce clinical benefit in humans. Demonstration of the product’s safety in humans is still required.

In December 2014, the US Congress amended the Rare and Tropical Disease list to include Ebola as a candidate for a potential Accelerated Review Voucher.

TKM-Ebola-Guinea, an Anti-Ebola RNAi Therapeutic Targeting Ebola-Guinea Strain of Ebola Virus

In December 2014, we entered into a Manufacturing and Clinical Trial Agreement with the University of Oxford to provide the new TKM-Ebola-Guinea therapeutic product for clinical studies in West Africa. ISARIC can conduct clinical studies of TKM-Ebola-Guinea in Ebola virus infected patients, with funding provided by the Wellcome Trust. GMP manufacture of TKM-Ebola-Guinea is now complete and 100 treatment courses are available for the study. A Phase II single arm trial called RAPIDE (Rapid Assessment of Potential Interventions & Drugs for Ebola), was initiated in March 2015 in Sierra Leone. The study is open-label with a concurrent observational study in Ebola, and results are expected in the second half of 2015.

Non-HBV Preclinical Candidates (LNP enabled)

TKM-Marburg

TKM-HTG

Another patient group affected by HTG are those with Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome (FCS), which is a very rare hereditary condition affecting an estimated 1:1,000,000 people ( www.fcs.raredr.com ). Additionally, 35% of patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) suffer from mixed hyperlipidemia which is a combination of elevated cholesterol and high triglycerides. With underlying T2D, these patients are at considerable risk from cardiovascular disease.

We anticipate filing an investigational new drug application, or equivalent document, in the second half of 2015.

TKM-ALDH

TKM-ALDH is designed to knockdown or silence aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) to induce long term acute sensitivity to ethanol, for use in severe alcohol use disorder. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in ethanol metabolism. Inhibition of ALDH activity, through the silencing of ALDH results in the build-up of acetaldehyde leading to adverse physiological effects. Human proof of concept for ALDH inhibition already exists in the form of the approved drug disulfiram. However, disulfiram’s efficacy is compromised by poor compliance because it has to be taken daily. We believe TKM-ALDH will induce prolonged ethanol sensitivity that will enable it to overcome the compliance limitations associated with daily dosing. We are exploring partnering or external funding opportunities to maximize the value of this asset.

Ongoing Advancements in LNP Technology

We plan to continue to develop our proprietary LNP delivery technology and receive clinical validation from LNP-based products currently in clinical trials. The most advanced LNP-enabled therapeutic, which is being developed by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., has entered a Phase III clinical trial. We believe our LNP technology can remain an important cornerstone of our business development activities moving forward. We recently announced the latest (fourth) generation of the platform which comprises a rational re-design of the lipid architecture, as well as formulation and process advances. These attributes can be utilized in programs entering the clinic in 2015 and are expected to yield significant increases in potency and therapeutic index.

Because LNP can enable a wide variety of nucleic acid triggers, including messenger RNA (mRNA), we continue to see new product development and partnering opportunities based on what we believe is our industry-leading delivery expertise. In February 2014, we presented new preclinical data at the AsiaTIDES scientific symposium in Tokyo, Japan demonstrating that mRNA can be effectively delivered to target proteins expressed.

Technology, Product Development and Licensing Agreements

In the field of RNAi therapeutics, we have licensed our LNP delivery technology to Alnylam and Merck & Co., Inc. Alnylam has provided royalty bearing access of our LNP delivery technology to some of its partners. We also have a licensing and collaboration agreement with Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In addition, we have ongoing research relationships with Monsanto, the United States National Cancer Institute, the US Department of Defense's BioDefense Therapeutics program and other undisclosed pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Outside the field of RNAi, we have a legacy licensing agreement with Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

We have rights under the RNAi intellectual property of Alnylam to develop 13 RNAi therapeutic products. In addition, we have a broad non-exclusive license to use Unlocked Nucleobase Analogs (UNAs) from Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc. for the development of RNAi therapeutic products directed to any target in any therapeutic indication.

Strategic Alliances

Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Alnylam”)

Alnylam has a license to use our Intellectual Property (IP) to develop and commercialize products and may only grant access to our LNP technology to its partners if it is part of a product sublicense. Alnylam’s license rights are limited to patents that we filed, or that claim priority to a patent that was filed, before April 15, 2010. Alnylam does not have rights to our patents filed after April 15, 2010 unless they claim priority to a patent filed before that date. Alnylam will pay us low single digit royalties as Alnylam’s LNP-enabled products are commercialized. Alnylam currently has three LNP-based products in clinical development: ALN-TTR02 (patisiran), ALN-VSP, and ALN-PCS02.

In November 2013, Alnylam presented positive results from its Phase II clinical trial with patisiran (ALN-TTR02), an RNAi therapeutic targeting transthyretin (TTR) for the treatment of TTR-mediated amyloidosis (ATTR), which is enabled by our LNP technology. Alnylam also announced the initiation of the APOLLO Phase III trial of patisiran, with the study now open for enrolment to evaluate efficacy and safety of patisiran in ATTR patients with Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy (FAP).

In December 2013, we received a $5 million milestone from Alnylam, triggered by the initiation of the APOLLO Phase III trial of patisiran. We have entered an arbitration proceeding with Alnylam, as provided for under our licensing agreement, to resolve a matter related to a disputed $5 million milestone payment to Tekmira by Alnylam for its ALN-VSP product. We have not recorded any revenue in respect of this milestone.

In April 2014, Alnylam presented positive new data from its Phase II clinical trial with patisiran. These results provide support for Alnylam's Phase III APOLLO trial in which patisiran is being evaluated for its potential efficacy and safety in ATTR patients with FAP. Alnylam has disclosed that it continues to enrol patients in its APOLLO Phase III trial, with over 20 sites in nine countries, which are now open and active. The Phase III trial is intended to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of patisiran in support of marketing authorization in countries around the world.

In October 2014, Alnylam reported positive clinical data for the ongoing patisiran Phase II Open Label Extension (OLE) study in patients with FAP, which is also enabled by Tekmira’s LNP technology. The results demonstrated sustained knockdown of serum TTR of up to 90% and a favorable tolerability profile out to one year of treatment.

The patisiran program represents the most clinically advanced application of Tekmira’s proprietary LNP delivery technology. Furthermore, Alnylam’s results demonstrate that multi-dosing with Tekmira’s LNP has been well-tolerated with treatments out to one year.

Our licensing agreement with Alnylam grants us IP rights for the development and commercialization of RNAi therapeutics for specified targets. In consideration for these three exclusive and 10 non-exclusive licenses, we have agreed to pay single-digit royalties to Alnylam on product sales, with milestone obligations of up to $8.5 million on the non-exclusive licenses and no milestone obligations on the three exclusive licenses.

Acuitas Therapeutics Inc. (“Acuitas”)

Consistent with the terms of the settlement agreement signed in November 2012, we finalized and entered a cross-license agreement with Acuitas (formerly AlCana Technologies, Inc.) in December 2013. The terms of the cross-license agreement provide Acuitas with access to certain of Tekmira’s earlier IP generated prior to April 2010 and provide us with certain access to Acuitas’ technology and licenses in the RNAi field, along with a percentage of each milestone and royalty payment with respect to certain products. Acuitas has agreed that it will not compete in the RNAi field for a period of five years.

Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Spectrum”)

In September 2013, we announced that our licensee, Spectrum, had launched Marqibo® through its existing hematology sales force in the United States. Since then commercial sales have occurred. We are entitled to mid-single digit royalty payments based on Marqibo®’s commercial sales. Marqibo, which is a novel sphingomyelin/cholesterol liposome-encapsulated formulation of the FDA-approved anticancer drug vincristine, was originally developed by Tekmira. We out-licensed the product to Talon Therapeutics in 2006 and in July 2013, Talon was acquired by Spectrum. Marqibo’s approved indication is for the treatment of adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-ALL) in second or greater relapse or whose disease has progressed following two or more lines of anti-leukemia therapy. Spectrum has ongoing trials evaluating Marqibo in three additional indications, which are: first line use in patients with Ph-ALL, Pediatric ALL and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Monsanto Company (“Monsanto”)

In January 2014, we signed an Option Agreement and a Service Agreement with Monsanto, pursuant to which Monsanto may obtain a license to use our proprietary delivery technology. The transaction supports the application of our proprietary delivery technology and related IP for use in agriculture. The potential value of the transaction could reach $86.2 million following the successful completion of milestones. In January 2014, we received $14.5 million of the $17.5 million in near term payments. We received additional payments of $1.5 M each in June 2014 and October 2014 following achievement of specific program objectives.

Marina Biotech, Inc. (“Marina”) / Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc. (“Arcturus”)

In November 2012, we disclosed that we had obtained a worldwide, non-exclusive license to a novel RNAi trigger technology called Unlocked Nucleobase Analog (UNA) from Marinaa for the development of RNAi therapeutics. UNAs can be incorporated into RNAi drugs and have the potential to improve them by increasing their stability and reducing off-target effects. In August 2013, Marina assigned its UNA technology to Arcturus and the UNA license agreement between Tekmira and Marina was assigned to Arcturus. The terms of the license are otherwise unchanged.

Merck & Co., Inc. ("Merck") and Alnylam license agreement

As a result of the business collaboration with Protiva in 2008, we acquired a non-exclusive royalty-bearing world-wide license agreement with Merck. Under the license, Merck will pay up to $17 million in milestones for each product they develop covered by Protiva’s IP, except for the first product for which Merck will pay up to $15 million in milestones, and will pay royalties on product sales. Merck’s license rights are limited to patents that we filed, or that claim priority to a patent that was filed, before October 9, 2008. Merck does not have rights to our patents filed after October 9, 2008 unless they claim priority to a patent filed before that date. Merck has also granted a license to Tekmira to certain of its patents. On March 6, 2014, Alnylam announced that they acquired all assets and licenses from Merck, which included our license agreement.

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (“BMS”)

In May 2010, we announced a research collaboration with BMS. Under this agreement, BMS conducted preclinical work to validate the function of certain genes and shared the data with us to potentially develop RNAi therapeutic drugs against therapeutic targets of interest. We formulated the required RNAi trigger molecules enabled by our LNP technology to silence target genes of interest. BMS paid us $3 million concurrent with the signing of the agreement. We provided a predetermined number of LNP batches over the four-year agreement. In May 2011, we announced a further expansion of the collaboration to include broader applications of our LNP technology and additional target validation work. In May 2014, the collaboration expired and both parties’ obligations ended.

U.S. National Institutes of Health (“NIH”)

On October 13, 2010 we announced that together with collaborators at The University of Texas Medical Branch (“UTMB”), we were awarded a new NIH grant, worth $2.4 million, to support research to develop RNAi therapeutics to treat Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever viral infections using our LNP delivery technology. In February 2014, UTMB and Tekmira, along with other collaborators, were awarded additional funding of $3.4 million over five years from the NIH in support of this research.

Halo-Bio RNAi Therapeutics, Inc. ("Halo-Bio")

In August 2011, we entered into a license and collaboration agreement with Halo-Bio. Under the agreement, Halo-Bio granted to us an exclusive license to its multivalent ribonucleic acid MV-RNA technology. The agreement was amended on August 8, 2012 to adjust future license fees and other contingent payments. To date, we have recorded $0.5 million in fees under our license from Halo-Bio. We terminated the agreement with Halo-Bio in July 2013. There are no further payments due or contingently payable to Halo-Bio.

Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Dicerna”)

Newly acquired assets as a result of our merger with OnCore

In addition to the newly acquired product candidates discussed above, our merger with OnCore resulted in the acquisition of the following:

Cytos Biotechnology Ltd (“Cytos”)

In partial consideration for this license, upon closing of the Cytos Agreement we will be obligated to pay Cytos up to a total of $67 million for each of the six licensed compound series upon the achievement of specified development and regulatory milestones; for hepatitis and each additional licensed viral infection, up to a total of $110 million upon the achievement of specified sales performance milestones; and tiered royalty payments in the high-single to low-double digits, based upon the proportionate net sales of licensed products in any commercialized combination.

The Baruch S. Blumberg Institute (“Blumberg”) and Drexel University (“Drexel”)

License Agreements between Enantigen (“Enantigen”) and Blumberg and Drexel

Under the stock purchase agreement, we agreed to pay up to a total of $21.0 million to Enantigen’s selling stockholders upon the achievement of specified development and regulatory milestones, for the first two products that contain either a capsid compound, or a HBV surface antigen compound that is covered by a patent that acquired under this agreement, or a capsid compound from an agreed upon list of compounds, up to a total of $101.5 million in sales performance milestones in connection with the sale of the first commercialized product of Tekmira for the treatment of HBV, regardless of whether such product is based upon assets acquired under this agreement, and low single digit royalty on net sales of such first commercialized HBV product, up to a maximum royalty payment of $1.0 million that, if paid, would be offset against our milestone payment obligations.

Under the stock purchase agreement, we also agreed that Enantigen would cause Enantigen to fulfill its obligations under Enantigen’s three patent license agreements with Blumberg and Drexel. Pursuant to each patent license agreement, Enantigen is obligated to pay Blumberg and Drexel up to approximately $500,000 in development and regulatory milestones per licensed product, royalties in the low single digits, and a percentage of revenue it receives from its sub-licensees.

Research Collaboration and Funding Agreement with Blumberg

NeuroVive Pharmaceutical AB (“NeuroVive”)

In partial consideration for this license, OnCore paid NeuroVive a license fee of $1 million. We are also obligated to pay up to $47.0 million in clinical development and regulatory milestones per indication and up to $102.5 million in sales performance milestones per licensed product and indication. If we are acquired by a third party in a transaction that meets certain criteria, then we or our acquiror will be obligated to pay all remaining development, regulatory and sales milestone payments, regardless of whether the applicable milestone events have been achieved, for each licensed product that entered clinical development before such acquisition. We agreed to pay NeuroVive tiered royalties in the mid-single to low-double digit range based upon the proportionate gross sales of patented licensed products from any commercialized combination . If we terminate this license agreement in its entirety for convenience prior to the first commercial sale of any licensed product, we will be obligated to pay NeuroVive $2 million.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The significant accounting policies that we believe to be most critical in fully understanding and evaluating our financial results are revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, share purchase warrant valuation and financial instrument valuation. These accounting policies require us to make certain estimates and assumptions. We believe that the estimates and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable, based upon information available to us at the time that these estimates and assumptions are made. Actual results may differ from our estimates. Our critical accounting estimates affect our net income or loss calculation.

Revenue Recognition / Our primary sources of revenue have been derived from research and development collaborations and contracts, and licensing fees comprised of initial fees and milestone payments. Payments received under research and development agreements and contracts, which are non-refundable, are recorded as revenue as services are performed and as the related expenditures are incurred pursuant to the agreement, provided collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue earned under research and development manufacturing collaborations where we bear some or all of the risk of a product manufacture failure is recognized when the purchaser accepts the product and there are no remaining rights of return. Revenue earned under research and development collaborations and contracts where we do not bear any risk of product manufacture failure is recognized in the period the work is performed. Revenue earned under contractual arrangements upon the achievement of substantive milestones is recognized in its entirety in the period the payment has been received. We evaluate whether milestones under research and development arrangements are substantive by considering: whether substantive uncertainty exists upon the execution of the arrangement; the event can only be achieved based in whole or in part on our performance or occurrence of a specific outcome resulting from the our performance; any future performance required and payment is reasonable relative to all deliverables; and, payment terms in the arrangement. Initial fees and non-substantive milestone payments are deferred and amortized into income over the estimated period of our involvement as we fulfill our obligations under our agreements.

The revenue that we recognize is a critical accounting estimate because of the volume and nature of the revenues we receive. Some of the research, development and licensing agreements that we have entered into contain multiple revenue elements that are to be recognized for accounting in accordance with our revenue recognition policy. We need to make estimates as to what period the services will be delivered with respect to up-front licensing fees and milestone payments received because these payments are deferred and amortized into income over the estimated period of our ongoing involvement. The actual period of our ongoing involvement may differ from the estimated period determined at the time the payment is initially received and recorded as deferred revenue. This may result in a different amount of revenue that should have been recorded in the period and a longer or shorter period of revenue amortization. When an estimated period changes we amortize the remaining deferred revenue over the estimated remaining time to completion. The rate at which we recognize revenue from payments received for services to be provided under research and development agreements depends on our estimate of work completed to date and total work to be provided. The actual total services provided to earn such payments may differ from our estimates.

Our DoD contract for TKM-Ebola is based on cost reimbursement plus an incentive fee. At the beginning of our fiscal year we estimate our labor and overhead rates for the year ahead. During the year, we re-estimate our labor and overhead rates and adjust our revenue accordingly. Our actual labor and overhead rates will differ from our estimate based on actual costs incurred and the proportion of our efforts on contracts and internal products versus indirect activities. Within minimum and maximum collars, the amount of incentive fee we can earn under the DoD contract varies based on our costs incurred versus budgeted costs, with the exception of the Ebola-Guinea Amendment, which has a fixed incentive fee. During the contractual period, incentive fee revenue and total costs are impacted by management’s estimate and judgments which are continuously reviewed and adjusted, as necessary, using the cumulative catch-up method. At December 31, 2012, we were not able to make a reliable estimate of the final contract costs, and only the minimum incentive fee achievable and earned was recognized. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, we believe we were able to reliably estimate the final contract costs so have recognized the portion of expected incentive fee which has been earned to date.

Our revenue for 2014 was $15.0 million (2013 - $15.5 million, 2012 - $14.1 million) and deferred revenue at December 31, 2014 was $15.7 million (December 31, 2013 - $3.5 million).

Stock-based compensation / The stock-based compensation that we record is a critical accounting estimate due to the value of compensation recorded, the volume of our stock option activity, and the many assumptions that are required to be made to calculate the compensation expense.

Compensation expense is recorded for stock options issued to employees and directors using the fair value method. We must calculate the fair value of stock options issued and amortize the fair value to stock compensation expense over the vesting period, and adjust the expense for stock option forfeitures and cancellations. We use the Black-Scholes model to calculate the fair value of stock options issued which requires that certain assumptions, including the expected life of the option and expected volatility of the stock, be estimated at the time that the options are issued. This accounting estimate is reasonably likely to change from period to period as further stock options are issued and adjustments are made for stock option forfeitures and cancellations. We make an estimate for stock option forfeitures at the time of grant and revise this estimate in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ. The term "forfeitures" is distinct from "cancellations" or "expirations" and represents only the unvested portion of the surrendered stock option. Prior to Q2 2014, for the purpose of calculating the fair value, the expected life of stock options granted was eight years for employees, and ten years for directors and executives. Based on the pattern of increasing exercises of stock options, we have reduced the expected life to five years for employees and eight years for directors and executives for stock options granted after March 31, 2014. The expected life and fair values of stock-options granted prior to this date remain unchanged. The reduction in expected life has the effect of reducing the fair value of stock-options granted. We amortize the fair value of stock options using the straight-line method over the vesting period of the options, generally a period of three years for employees and immediate vesting for directors.

We recorded stock-based compensation expense in 2014 of $3.3 million (2013 - $0.9 million, 2012 - $1.0 million). The impact on the fair value of stock options due to the reduction in expected life is minor, as we would have recorded stock-based compensation expense of $3.4 million in 2014 using the previous expected life assumptions of eight and ten years for employees and directors and executives, respectively.

Share purchase warrant valuation / The valuation of share purchase warrants is a critical accounting estimate due to the value of liabilities recorded and the many assumptions that are required to calculate the liability, resulting in the classification of our warrant liability as a level 3 financial instrument.

We classify warrants in our consolidated balance sheet as liabilities and revalue them at each balance sheet date. Any change in valuation is recorded in our statement of operations. We use the Black-Scholes pricing model to value the warrants. Determining the appropriate fair-value model and calculating the fair value of registered warrants requires considerable judgment. A small change in the estimates used may cause a relatively large change in the estimated valuation. Due to ongoing changes in our business and general stock market conditions, we continuously assess our warrant fair value assumptions. We adjust the estimated expected life as appropriate, based on the pattern of exercises of our warrants. Our expected volatility is calculated based on our historic share price fluctuations over the same period as our estimated expected life of our outstanding warrants. The risk-free interest rate is based on the Government of Canada rate for bonds with a maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the warrants at the valuation date.

We recorded a loss for the change in fair value of warrant liability in 2014 of $10.4 million (2013 – loss of $3.5 million, 2012 – loss of $3.8 million).

Financial instrument valuation / The valuation of our financial instrument, which is Monsanto’s option to acquire either the shares or assets of Protiva Agricultural Development Company Inc., is a critical accounting estimate due to the potential value of the liability and the many assumptions we must make to calculate the fair value of the liability.

We classify the financial instrument in our consolidated balance sheet as a liability and revalue it at each balance sheet date. Any change in the valuation is recorded in our statement of operations. We used a discounted cash flow model to value the financial instrument. Determining the appropriate fair value model and calculating the fair value of the financial instrument requires considerable judgment, and changes in assumptions used may cause a relatively large change in the estimated valuation. The initial valuation of the financial instrument was determined to be nil. No change in the fair value of the financial instrument was recorded as at December 31, 2014.

SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS

The following table presents our unaudited quarterly results of operations for each of our last eight quarters. These data have been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which were prepared on the same basis as our annual audited financial statements and, in our opinion, include all adjustments necessary, consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments, for the fair presentation of such information.

(in millions $ except per share data) – unaudited

	Q4		Q3		Q2		Q1		Q4		Q3		Q2		Q1
	2014		2014		2014		2014		2013		2013		2013		2013

Revenue
Collaborations and contracts:
DoD	$	2.8	$	1.5	$	0.9	$	3.2	$	2.6	$	2.8	$	2.4	$	1.9
Monsanto		0.3		0.3		0.2		0.3		—		—		—		—
Dicerna		0.3		0.2		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other		—		1.6		—		0.2		(0.1)		0.1		0.4		0.2

		3.4		3.6		1.1		3.7		2.6		2.9		2.8		2.1
Alnylam milestone payments		—		—		—		0.2		5.0		—		—		—
Monsanto licensing fees and milestone payments		0.9		0.7		0.6		0.5		—		—		—		—
Spectrum milestone and royalty payments		0.1		0.1		0.0		0.0		—		—		—		—

Total revenue		4.4		4.4		1.8		4.4		7.6		2.9		2.8		2.1

Expenses		(15.1)		(11.2)		(11.2)		(10.4)		(9.9)		(6.6)		(5.9)		(5.1)
Other income (losses)		4.5		(1.8)		3.3		(12.0)		(0.2)		(2.2)		0.1		0.5

Net loss		(6.2)		(8.6)		(6.1)		(18.0)		(2.6)		(5.9)		(3.0)		(2.5)

Basic net loss per share	$	(0.27)	$	(0.39)	$	(0.28)	$	(0.91)	$	(0.15)	$	(0.41)	$	(0.21)	$	(0.17)

Diluted net loss per share	$	(0.27)	$	(0.39)	$	(0.28)	$	(0.91)	$	(0.15)	$	(0.41)	$	(0.21)	$	(0.17)

Quarterly Trends

Revenue / Our revenue is derived from research and development collaborations and contracts, licensing fees, milestone and royalty payments. Over the past two years, our principal source of ongoing revenue has been our contract with the DoD to advance TKM-Ebola which began in July 2010. We expect revenue to continue to fluctuate particularly due to the development stage of the TKM-Ebola contract and the irregular nature of licensing and milestone receipts.

In Q3 2010 we signed a contract with the DoD to develop TKM-Ebola and have since incurred significant program costs related to equipment, materials and preclinical and clinical studies. These costs are included in our research, development, collaborations and contracts expenses. These costs are fully reimbursed by the DoD, and this reimbursement amount is recorded as revenue. DoD revenue from the TKM-Ebola program also compensates us for labor and overheads and provides an incentive fee. As described in our critical accounting policies, we estimate the labor and overhead rates to be charged under our TKM-Ebola contract and update these rate estimates throughout the year. Q1 2013 DoD revenue was lower as certain activities were still building momentum following the stop-work order that occurred in Q3 2012. TKM-Ebola contract revenue increased in Q2, Q3 and Q4 2013 as technology transfer, manufacturing and non-clinical studies were all ongoing. In April 2014, we signed a contract modification to increase the stage one targeted funding by $2.1 million to $43.8 million. The additional funding is to compensate us for unrecovered costs related to the temporary stop-work period that occurred in 2012 and to provide additional overhead funding should it be required. In Q2 2014, we earned $3.2 million in DoD revenue, due partially to an increase in activity as we moved into a Phase I Clinical Trial. Also, as a result of the contract modification, we now expect to complete the initial stage of the contract close to budget, which increases our estimate of total incentive fee to be earned under the contract and the amount we have earned to date. In Q2 2014, we earned $0.9 million in DoD revenue due to lower contract activity as our clinical trial data was with the FDA for review. DoD revenue increased in Q3 2014 with an increase in activity as we prepared a response to the FDA’s partial clinical hold on our Phase I Clinical Trial. In October 2014, the DoD exercised a contract option adding $7.0 million to the contract for the scale-up and manufacture of TKM-Ebola-Guinea, our product targeting the Ebola-Guinea strain responsible for the current outbreak in West Africa. DoD revenue increased in Q4 2014 to $2.8 million as we purchased materials for the manufacture of TKM-Ebola-Guinea.

In January 2014, we signed an Option Agreement and a Services Agreement with Monsanto for the use of our proprietary delivery technology and related intellectual property in agriculture. Over the option period, which is expected to be approximately four years, Monsanto will make payments to us to maintain their option rights. In Q1 2014, we received $14.5 million of the $17.5 million near term payments, of which $4.5 million relates to research services and $10.0 million for the use of our technology. In June 2014 and October 2014, we received further payments of $1.5 million each, following the completion of specified program developments. The payments are being recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the option period.

In November 2014, we signed a License Agreement and a Development and Supply Agreement with Dicerna for the use of our proprietary delivery technology and related technology intended to develop, manufacture, and commercialize products related to treatment of PH1. In Q4 2014, we received an upfront payment of $2.5 million, which is being recognized over the period over which we provide services to Dicerna, estimated to complete in Q1 2017.

In Q4 2013 we earned a $5.0 million milestone from Alnylam following their initiation of a Phase III trial enabled by our LNP technology.

In Q4 2013, we began to earn royalties from Spectrum with respect to the commercial sales of Marqibo.

Included in “other collaborations and contract revenue” is revenue from a BMS batch formulation agreement. In Q4 2013, we offered to extend the BMS agreement end date from May 2014 to December 2014. Extending the agreement would have given BMS more time to order LNP batches. Revenue recognized in 2013 has been reduced and the balance of deferred revenue as at December 31, 2013 has been increased to account for BMS potentially ordering more batches under the agreement. This agreement is reflected in the $0.1 million of negative “other revenue” in Q4 2013 when the offer was made to extend the agreement and a cumulative revenue adjustment was recorded. In August 2014, we received notification from BMS that the extension would not occur. As such, the collaboration expired and both parties’ obligations under the agreement ended. Revenue recognized in Q3 2014 relates to the release of the deferred revenue balance of $1.6 million.

Expenses / Expenses consist primarily of clinical and pre-clinical trial expenses, personnel expenses, consulting and third party expenses, reimbursable collaboration expenses, consumables and materials, patent filing expenses, facilities, stock-based compensation and general corporate costs.

Our expenses have increased in the past eight quarters due to an increase in our research and development activities as we seek to move more products into the clinic. In Q3 2013, we initiated a Phase I/II Clinical Trial for TKM-PLK1 in patients with GI-NET or ACC. In Q1 2014, we dosed the first subject in human clinical trials of TKM-Ebola. In Q2 2014, we initiated a Phase I/II Clinical Trial for TKM-PLK1 in patients with HCC. In Q4 2014, we filed a Canadian Clinical Trial Application (CTA) for TKM-HBV and received clearance to conduct a Phase I Clinical Trial, as well as initiated manufacturing of TKM-Ebola-Guinea for emergency use in West Africa – see overview. We also incurred research and development expenses related to identifying new targets.

Other income (losses) / Other income (losses) consist primarily of changes in the fair value of our warrant liability and foreign exchange differences. Other losses increased in Q3 2013, Q1 2014, and Q3 2014 due primarily to the increase in fair value of our warrant liability. Increases in our share price from the previous reporting date result in an increase in the fair value of our warrant liability, and vice versa. We expect to see future changes in the fair value of our warrant liability and these changes will largely depend on the change in the Company’s share price, any change in our assumed rate of share price volatility, our assumptions for the expected lives of the warrants and warrant exercises.

Net loss / Fluctuations in our net loss are explained by changes in revenue, expenses and other income (losses) as discussed above.

Fourth quarter of 2014 / Our Q4 2014 net loss was $6.2 million ($0.27 basic and diluted loss per common share) as compared to a net loss of $2.6 million ($0.15 basic and diluted loss per common share) for Q4 2013.

Revenue was $4.6 million in Q4 2014 as compared to $7.6 million in Q4 2013. The decrease was largely due to the $5.0 million milestone payment from Alnylam received in Q4 2013.

Research, development, collaborations and contracts expenses increased to $11.9 million in Q4 2014 as compared to $7.0 million in Q4 2013. In Q4 2014, we increased research and development activities related to moving TKM-HBV into the clinic, including costs incurred in preparing a CTA, as well as costs incurred to support the ongoing HCC Phase I clinical trial for TKM-PLK1. Further, in Q4 2014, we purchased materials for the manufacture of TKM-Ebola-Guinea for use in West Africa – see overview.

Other losses in Q4 2013 primarily consists of $1.4 million increase in warrant liability due to the increase in our share price, and a foreign exchange gain of $1.1 million on our US dollar funds. Other gains in Q4 2014 primarily consist of a $2.6 million decrease in the fair value of our warrant liability, and a foreign exchange gain of $2.3 million on US dollar funds. We also incurred $0.5 million in acquisition costs related to the merger with OnCore in Q1 2015 – see overview.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following summarizes the results of our operations for the 2014, 2013, and 2012 fiscal years, in millions of dollars:

	2014			2013			2012

Total revenue		15.0			15.5			14.1
Operating expenses		47.9			27.6			27.0
Loss from operations		(33.0	)		(12.2	)		(12.9	)
Net income (loss)		(38.8	)		(14.1	)		29.6
Basic income (loss) per share		(1.80	)		(0.92	)		2.16
Diluted income (loss) per share		(1.80	)		(0.92	)		2.07

Total assets		118.2			71.7			52.6
Total liabilities		30.1			12.5			11.7
Total non-current liabilities		9.9			0.0			0.7
Deficit		(205.9	)		(167.0	)		(153.0	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(22.3	)		(15.8	)		(12.7	)
Total stockholders’ equity		88.0			59.2			40.9

Year ended December 31, 2014 compared to the year ended December 31, 2013

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014, our net loss was $38.8 million ($1.80 basic and diluted loss per common share) as compared to a net loss of $14.1 million ($0.92 basic and diluted loss per common share) for 2013.

Revenue / Revenue is summarized in the following table, in millions:

	2014		% of Total			2013		% of Total

Collaborations and contracts
DoD		8.4		56	%		9.8		63	%
Monsanto		1.1		7	%		-		-
BMS		1.7		12	%		0.5		3	%
Other RNAi collaborators		0.5		3	%		0.1		1	%
Total collaborations and contracts		11.7		78	%		10.4		68	%
Monsanto licensing fees and milestone payments		2.7		19	%		-		-
Alnylam milestone payments		0.2		1	%		5.0		32	%
Dicerna licensing fee		0.2		1	%		-		-
Spectrum milestone and royalty payments		0.2		1	%		0.0		0	%
Total revenue		15.0					15.5

DoD revenue

On July 14, 2010, we signed a contract with the United States Government Department of Defense (“DoD”) to advance an RNAi therapeutic utilizing our LNP technology to treat Ebola virus infection (see Overview for further discussion). The initial phase of the contract was budgeted at $34.7 million. This stage one funding is for the development of TKM-Ebola, including, completion of preclinical development, filing an IND application with the FDA and completing a Phase I human safety clinical trial. The DoD has the option of extending the contract beyond the initial funding period to support the advancement of TKM-Ebola through to the completion of clinical development and FDA approval. Based on the contract’s budget, this would provide the Company with up to $140 million in funding for the entire program.

In November 2012, we submitted a modification request to the existing contract to the DoD in order to integrate recent advancements in LNP formulation and manufacturing technology in the TKM-Ebola development program. The modification was approved and increased the stage one targeted funding from $34.7 million to $41.7 million. In April 2014, we signed a contract modification with the DoD to increase the stage one targeted funding by a further $2.1 million to $43.8 million. The additional funding is to compensate us for unrecovered costs incurred related to the temporary stop-work period that occurred in 2012 and to provide additional overhead funding should it be required. In October 2014, the DoD exercised an option valued at $7.0 million, awarded to us to manufacture TKM-Ebola-Guinea targeting the Ebola-Guinea strain responsible for the current outbreak in West Africa.

Under the contract, we are being reimbursed for costs incurred, including an allocation of overheads, and we are being paid an incentive fee.

DoD revenues and related contract expenses were lower in 2014 as compared to 2013 as we are nearing the end of stage one of the contract so most activities for this stage have already been completed. The reduction in stage one revenue in 2014 was offset by the addition of the $7.0 million award for the manufacture of TKM-Ebola-Guinea towards the end of 2014.

Monsanto revenue

On January 13, 2014, we signed an Option Agreement and a Services Agreement (together, the “Agreements”) with Monsanto. Under the Agreements, Monsanto has an option to acquire a license to use our proprietary delivery technology and related intellectual property for use in agriculture. Over the option period, which is expected to be approximately four years, we will provide lipid formulations for Monsanto’s research and development activities, and Monsanto will make certain payments to us to maintain their option rights (see Overview for further discussion).

In January 2014, we received $14.5 million, of which $4.5 million relates to research services and $10.0 million for the use of our technology, In June and September 2014, we received payments of $1.5 million each, following the completion of specified program developments. We are recognizing this revenue on a straight-line basis over the option period. For the year-ended December 31, 2014, we have recorded an aggregate of $3.8 million in revenue for the use of our technology and for research activities.

Alnylam and Acuitas revenue

On November 12, 2012, we entered into a new licensing agreement with Alnylam that replaces all earlier licensing, cross-licensing, collaboration, and manufacturing agreements. We also entered into a separate cross license agreement with Acuitas, which includes milestones and royalty payments, and Acuitas has agreed not to compete in the RNAi field for five years.

In November 2013, Alnylam initiated a Phase III trial with ALN-TTR02, also known as patisiran, and an associated $5.0 million development milestone was paid to us in December 2013. In March 2014, we earned a $0.15 milestone payment from Acuitas following their receipt of a milestone from Alnylam with the initiation of the ALN-TTR02 Phase III trial.

On June 21, 2013, we transferred manufacturing process technology to Ascletis to enable them to produce ALN-VSP, a product candidate licensed to them by Alnylam. We believe that under our licensing agreement with Alnylam, the technology transfer to Ascletis triggers a $5.0 million milestone obligation from Alnylam to us. However, Alnylam has demanded a declaration that we have not yet met its milestone obligations. We dispute Alnylam’s position. To remedy this dispute, we have commenced arbitration proceedings with Alnylam, as provided for under the agreement. The hearing date for this arbitration is currently set for the second week in May, 2015. We have not recorded any revenue in respect of this milestone.

BMS revenue

In May 2010 we signed a formulation agreement with BMS under which BMS paid us $3.0 million to make a certain number of LNP formulations over the following four year period. Revenue recognized in 2012 and 2013 relate to LNP batches the company produced in proportion to the maximum LNP formulations that may be required under the contract. As at December 31, 2013, we intended to offer BMS an extension to the agreement’s end date from May 10, 2014 to December 31, 2014. Extending the agreement would have given BMS more time to order LNP batches. The offer of extension resulted in a cumulative revenue adjustment recorded for the year-ended December 31, 2013. In August 2014, we received notification from BMS that the extension would not occur. Revenue recognized for the year-ended December 31, 2014 relates to the batches shipped to BMS during the period and the release of any remaining deferred revenue balance now that the agreement has expired and no further obligation with either party.

Dicerna revenue

In November 2014, we signed a License Agreement and a Development and Supply Agreement with Dicerna for the use of our proprietary delivery technology and related technology intended to develop, manufacture, and commercialize products related to treatment of PH1. Revenue recognized for the year-ended December 31, 2014 relates to the earned portion of the upfront payment of $2.5 million for the use our of technology, which is being recognized over the period over which we provide services to Dicerna, estimated to complete in March 2017.

Spectrum revenue

In September 2013, Spectrum announced that they had shipped the first commercial orders of Marqibo. For the year-ended December 31, 2014, we earned royalties of $0.2 million on the sales of Marqibo, which uses a license to our technology.

Expenses / Expenses are summarized in the following table, in millions:

	2014		% of Total			2013		% of Total

Research, development, collaborations and contracts	$	38.7		81	%	$	21.5		78	%
General and administrative		8.7		17	%		5.5		20	%
Depreciation		0.5		1	%		0.6		2	%
Total operating expenses	$	47.9				$	27.6

Research, development, collaborations and contracts

Research, development, collaborations and contracts expenses consist primarily of clinical and pre-clinical trial expenses, personnel expenses, consulting and third party expenses, consumables and materials, as well as a portion of stock-based compensation and general corporate costs.

In 2013, research and development costs were primarily related to our internal earlier-stage research programs, moving TKM-PLK1 into Phase I/II clinical trial, and new targets identification: TKKM-HBV and TKM-ALDH2. In 2014, our research and development costs increased as we incurred incremental costs related to the progress of moving additional products into the clinic: the initiation of Phase I /II clinical trials in patients with HCC resulting in the expansion in the number of clinical trials sites and patients accrual for TKM-PLK1, significant research and preclinical spending on TKM-HBV to file a CTA to move into the clinic, as well as an increase in manufacturing activities under the DoD contract in response to the current Ebola outbreak in West Africa. In addition, we incurred incremental research and development spending for new partner collaborations we entered into in 2014, as well as spending on new targets identification – see Overview for further details.

Compensation expenses increased in 2014 as compared to 2013. There was an increase in workforce of 38 employees in 2014 to support our expanded portfolio of product candidates. In addition, R&D stock-based compensation expense increased significantly due, in part, to the increase in our share price.

A significant portion of our research, development, collaborations and contracts expenses are not tracked by project as they benefit multiple projects or our technology platform and because our most-advanced programs are not yet in late-stage clinical development. However, our collaboration agreements contain cost-sharing arrangements pursuant to which certain costs incurred under the project are reimbursed. Costs reimbursed under collaborations typically include certain direct external costs and hourly or full-time equivalent labor rates for the actual time worked on the project. In addition, we have been reimbursed under government contracts for certain allowable costs including direct internal and external costs. As a result, although a significant portion of our research, development, collaborations and contracts expenses are not tracked on a project-by-project basis, we do, however, track direct external costs attributable to, and the actual time our employees worked on, our collaborations and government contracts.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses increased in 2014 due largely to an increase in compensation expenses. Our employee base grew in support of our expanding pipeline and we had a significant increase in stock-based compensation expense due, in part, to the increase in our share price. We incurred incremental spending on legal fees and consultants related to new compliance requirements linked to the growth of the Company.

Other income (losses) / Other income (losses) are summarized in the following table, in millions:

	2014			2013

Interest income	$	0.9		$	0.5
Foreign exchange gains		4.1			1.1
Increase in fair value of warrant liability		(10.4	)		(3.5	)
Acquisition costs		(0.5	)		-
Total other income (losses)	$	(5.9	)	$	(1.9	)

Increase in fair value of warrant liability

In conjunction with equity and debt financing transactions in 2011 and 2012, we issued warrants to purchase our common share. We are accounting for the warrants under the authoritative guidance on accounting for derivative financial instruments indexed to, and potentially settled in, a company’s own stock, on the understanding that in compliance with applicable securities laws, the registered warrants require the issuance of registered securities upon exercise and do not sufficiently preclude an implied right to net cash settlement. At each balance sheet date the warrants are revalued using the Black-Scholes model and the change in value is recorded in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The aggregate increase in value of our common share purchase warrants outstanding at December 31, 2014 was $10.4 million as compared to an increase in the value of common share purchase warrants outstanding at the end of 2013 of $3.5 million. The increases are a result of increases in the Company’s share price from the previous reporting dates.

We expect to see future changes in the fair value of our warrant liability and these changes will largely depend on the change in the Company’s share price, and, to a lesser extent, any change in our assumed rate of share price volatility, our assumptions for the expected lives of the warrants and warrant exercises.

Year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, our net loss was $14.1 million ($0.92 basic and diluted loss per common share) as compared to net income of $29.6 million ($2.16 basic income per common share, $2.07 diluted income per common share) for 2012.

Revenue / Revenue is summarized in the following table, in millions:

	2013		% of Total			2012		% of Total

Collaborations and contracts
DoD	$	9.8		63	%	$	11.5		82	%
BMS		0.5		3	%		0.4		3	%
Other RNAi collaborators		0.1		1	%		0.1		1	%
Total collaborations and contracts		10.4		68	%		12.1		86	%
Alnylam milestone payments		5.0		32	%		1.0		7	%
Spectrum milestone and royalty payments		0.0		0	%		1.0		7	%
Total revenue	$	15.5				$	14.1

DoD revenue

On July 14, 2010, we signed a contract with the DoD to advance an RNAi therapeutic utilizing our LNP technology to treat Ebola virus infection (see Overview for further discussion). Under the contract, we are being reimbursed for costs incurred, including an allocation of overheads, and we are being paid an incentive fee.

On August 6, 2012, we announced that we had received a temporary stop-work order from the DoD in respect of our TKM-Ebola contract. On October 2, 2012, we announced that the stop-work order had been lifted and we resumed work.

Alnylam revenue

In June 2012 we earned a $1.0 million milestone from Alnylam following their initiation of a Phase II human clinical trial for their product candidate ALN-TTR02. ALN-TTR02 utilizes our LNP technology.

In November 2013, Alnylam initiated a Phase III trial with ALN-TTR02, also known as patisiran, and an associated $5.0 million development milestone was paid to us in December 2013.

On June 21, 2013, we transferred manufacturing process technology to Ascletis to enable them to produce ALN-VSP, a product candidate licensed to them by Alnylam. We believe that under our licensing agreement with Alnylam, the technology transfer to Ascletis triggers a $5.0 million milestone obligation from Alnylam to us. However, Alnylam has demanded a declaration that we have not yet met its milestone obligations. We dispute Alnylam’s position. To remedy this dispute, we have commenced arbitration proceedings with Alnylam, as provided for under the agreement. In addition to seeking payment of the milestone, we have filed a claim against Alnylam for breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and fraud. The hearing date for this arbitration is currently set for the second week in May, 2015. We have not recorded any revenue in respect of this milestone.

BMS revenue

See discussion in “BMS revenue” section above.

Spectrum revenue

In August 2012, we earned a $1.0 million milestone payment from Talon based on the FDA approval of Marqibo. Talon was acquired by Spectrum in July 2013. The acquisition does not affect the terms of our license with Talon. In September 2013, Spectrum announced that they had shipped the first commercial orders of Marqibo.

Expenses / Expenses are summarized in the following table, in millions:

	2013		% of Total			2012		% of Total

Research, development, collaborations and contracts	$	21.5		78	%	$	18.0		67	%
General and administrative		5.5		20	%		8.1		30	%
Depreciation		0.6		2	%		0.9		3	%
Total operating expenses		27.6					27.0

Research, development, collaborations and contracts

In 2012, spending on our internal earlier-stage research programs was reduced as we focused on TKM-Ebola, TKM-PLK1 and the litigation against Alnylam and Acuitas. In 2013, we resumed research activities and spending on earlier-stage research programs and new target identification, including new 2013 programs TKM-HBV and TKM-ALDH2 – see Overview. In 2013, there was additional spending on the TKM-PLK1 program as we moved into Phase I/II and opened up more clinical trial sites. Compensation expenses are at a similar level in 2013 as compared to 2012. There was an increase in workforce of 19 employees in 2013, but there was a higher bonus payout in 2012 following settlement with Alnylam and Acuitas.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses were higher in 2012 due to legal fees incurred in respect of our lawsuit with Alnylam and Acuitas.

Other income (losses) / Other income (losses) are summarized in the following table, in millions:

	2013			2012

Interest income	$	0.5		$	0.1
Licensing settlement payment		-			65.0
Licensing settlement legal fees		-			(18.7	)
Foreign exchange gains		1.1			-
Increase in fair value of warrant liability		(3.5	)		(3.8	)
Total other income (losses)	$	(1.9	)	$	42.6

Licensing settlement payment and legal fees

In November 2012 we received $65.0 million in cash from Alnylam as a result of signing a new license agreement. In connection with the licensing settlement payment of $65.0 million, in December 2012, we paid our lead legal counsel $18.7 million in contingent legal fees.

No payments were made or received in 2013 related to the Alnylam settlement as the litigation was settled in 2012.

Increase in fair value of warrant liability

In conjunction with equity and debt financing transactions in 2011 and an equity private placement that closed on February 29, 2012, we have issued warrants to purchase our common share. We are accounting for the warrants under the authoritative guidance on accounting for derivative financial instruments indexed to, and potentially settled in, a company’s own stock, on the understanding that in compliance with applicable securities laws, the registered warrants require the issuance of registered securities upon exercise and do not sufficiently preclude an implied right to net cash settlement. At each balance sheet date the warrants are revalued using the Black-Scholes model and the change in value is recorded in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The aggregate increase in value of our common share purchase warrants outstanding at December 31, 2013 was $3.5 million as compared to an increase at the end of 2012 of $3.8 million. The increases are a result of increases in the Company’s share price from the previous reporting dates.

We expect to see future changes in the fair value of our warrant liability and these changes will largely depend on the change in the Company’s share price and, to a lesser extent, any change in our assumed rate of share price volatility, our assumptions for the expected lives of the warrants and warrant issuances or exercises.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The following table summarizes our cash flow activities for the periods indicated, in millions:

	Year ended December 31
	2014			2013			2012
Net (loss) income for the year		(38.8	)		(14.1	)		29.6
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		9.9			5.0			5.7
Changes in operating assets and liabilities		16.6			2.3			(2.4	)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		(12.3	)		(6.7	)		32.9
Net cash used in investing activities		(43.0	)		(0.7	)		(0.0	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		60.7			32.7			4.5
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash & cash equivalents		(1.8	)		(3.6	)		0.5
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		3.5			21.7			38.0
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year		68.7			47.0			9.0
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year		72.2			68.7			47.0

Since our incorporation, we have financed our operations through the sales of shares, units, debt, revenues from research and development collaborations and licenses with corporate partners, interest income on funds available for investment, and government contracts, grants and tax credits.

At December 31, 2014, we had cash and cash equivalents of $72.2 million and short-term investments of $40.0 million, totalling $112.2 million as compared to cash and cash equivalents of $68.7 million at December 31, 2013.

Operating activities used $12.3 million in cash in 2014 as compared to $6.7 million used in 2013 and $32.9 million of cash provided in 2012. The positive operating cash flow in 2012 was largely the result of the $65.0 million settlement reached with Alnylam which was recorded as “other income”. Non-cash items to reconcile net loss used or provided by operating activities primarily consist of changes in fair value of warrant liability.

Investing activities used $43.0 million in 2014 as compared to $0.7 million in 2013 and $0.01 million in 2012. The increase in cash used in 2014 was primarily due to guaranteed investment certificates acquired in the year.

On February 29, 2012, we completed a private placement of 1,848,601 units for gross proceeds of $4.1 million. Each unit, priced at C$2.20, consists of one common share and one half of one common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant entitles the holder to acquire one common share at a price of C$2.60 for a period of five years from closing.

On October 22, 2013, we completed an underwritten public offering of 3,750,000 common shares, at a price of $8.00 per share, representing gross proceeds of $30.0 million. On November 1, 2013, the offering’s underwriter completed the exercise of its over-allotment option to purchase a further 562,500 shares at $8.00 bringing the aggregate financing gross proceeds to $34.5 million. The cost of the financing, including commissions and professional fees, was $2.5 million, resulting in net proceeds of $32.0 million.

On March 18, 2014, we completed an underwritten public offering of 2,125,000 common shares, at a price of $28.50 per share, representing gross proceeds of $60.5 million. We are using these proceeds to develop and advance product candidates through clinical trials, as well as for working capital and general corporate purposes.

Cash requirements / At December 31, 2014 we held $72.2 million in cash and cash equivalents and $40.0 million in short-term investments. On March 18, 2014, we raised gross proceeds of $60.5 million from a public offering. We believe we have sufficient cash resources for at least the next 12 months. In the future, substantial additional funds will be required to continue with the active development of our pipeline products and technologies. In particular, our funding needs may vary depending on a number of factors including:

the need for additional capital to fund future business development programs, including the merger with OnCore;

revenues earned form our current collaborative partnership and licensing agreements with Monsanto and Dicerna;

revenues earned from our DoD contract to develop TKM-Ebola and TKM-Ebola-Guinea;

revenues earned from our legacy collaborative partnerships and licensing agreements, including milestone payments from Alnylam and royalties from sales of Marqibo from Spectrum;

the extent to which we continue the development of our product candidates, add new product candidates to our pipeline, or form collaborative relationships to advance our products;

our decisions to in-license or acquire additional products or technology for development, in particular for our RNAi therapeutics programs;

our ability to attract and retain corporate partners, and their effectiveness in carrying out the development and ultimate commercialization of our product candidates;

whether batches of drugs that we manufacture fail to meet specifications resulting in delays and investigational and remanufacturing costs;

the decisions, and the timing of decisions, made by health regulatory agencies regarding our technology and products;

competing technological and market developments; and

costs associated with prosecuting and enforcing our patent claims and other intellectual property rights, including litigation and arbitration arising in the course of our business activities.

We will seek to obtain funding to maintain and advance our business from a variety of sources including public or private equity or debt financing, collaborative arrangements with pharmaceutical companies and government grants and contracts. There can be no assurance that funding will be available at all or on acceptable terms to permit further development of our products especially in light of the current difficult climate for investment in early stage biotechnology companies.

Material commitments for capital expenditures / As at the date of this discussion we do not have any material commitments for capital expenditure.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

Facility lease / On June 23, 2014, we signed an agreement to renew the lease for our Burnaby office and lab facility. The lease term is for five years, commencing August 1, 2014 with three additional renewal terms of five years each.

Product development partnership with the Canadian Government / We entered into a Technology Partnerships Canada ("TPC") agreement with the Canadian Federal Government on November 12, 1999. Under this agreement, TPC agreed to fund 27% of our costs incurred prior to March 31, 2004, in the development of certain oligonucleotide product candidates up to a maximum contribution from TPC of $7.2 million (C$9.3 million). As at December 31, 2014, a cumulative contribution of $3.5 million (C$3.7 million) had been received and we do not expect any further funding under this agreement. In return for the funding provided by TPC, we agreed to pay royalties on the share of future licensing and product revenue, if any that is received by us on certain non-siRNA oligonucleotide product candidates covered by the funding under the agreement. These royalties are payable until a certain cumulative payment amount is achieved or until a pre-specified date. In addition, until a cumulative amount equal to the funding actually received under the agreement has been paid to TPC, we agreed to pay a 2.5% royalty on any royalties we receive for Marqibo.

In September 2013, we began to earn royalties on Marqibo and have accrued $0.01 million in royalties payable to TPC as at December 31, 2014. The remaining contingently payable balance with TPC as of December 31, 2014 was $3.2 million (C$3.7 million).

License agreement with Marina Biotech, Inc. (“Marina”) / On November 29, 2012, we announced a worldwide, non-exclusive license to a novel RNAi payload technology called Unlocked Nucleobase Analog (“UNA”) from Marina for the development of RNAi therapeutics.

UNA technology can be used in the development of RNAi therapeutics, which treat disease by silencing specific disease causing genes. UNAs can be incorporated into RNAi drugs and have the potential to improve them by increasing their stability and reducing off-target effects.

Under the license agreement we paid Marina an upfront fee of $0.3 million in 2012. A further license payment of $0.2 million was paid in 2013 and we will make milestone payments of up to $3.3 million, plus royalties, on each product that we develop that uses Marina’s UNA technology. The upfront fee and license payment were expensed to research, development, collaborations and contracts expense.

Effective August 9, 2013, Marina’s UNA technology was acquired by Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc. (“Arcturus”) and the UNA license agreement between us and Marina was assigned to Arcturus. The terms of the license are otherwise unchanged.

In December 2014, we received clearance from Health Canada to conduct a Phase I Clinical Study with TKM-HBV, which utilizes Arcturus’ UNA technology. This triggered the accrual of a $0.3 million payment to Arcturus as at December 31, 2014.

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as at December 31, 2014, which does not include commitments acquired from OnCore in January 2015:

(in millions $)	Payments Due by Period
	Total		Less than 1 year		1 – 3 years		3 – 5 years		More than 5 years
Contractual Obligations
Facility lease		5.1		1.1		2.2		1.8		—
Technology license obligations (1)		0.3		0.3		—		—		—

Total contractual obligations		5.4		1.4		2.2		1.8		—

1 Relates to our expected fixed payment obligations under in-license agreements.

We in-license technology from a number of sources. Pursuant to these in-license agreements, we will be required to make additional payments if and when we achieve specified development, regulatory, financial and commercialization milestones. To the extent we are unable to reasonably predict the likelihood, timing or amount of such payments; we have excluded them from the table above. Our technology in-licenses are further described in the Overview section of this discussion.

We also have contracts and collaborative arrangements that require us to undertake certain research and development work as further explained elsewhere in this discussion. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of these obligations.

IMPACT OF INFLATION

Inflation has not had a material impact on our operations.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

We have not entered into any related party transactions in the periods covered by this discussion.

OUTSTANDING SHARE DATA

At March 9, 2015, we had 46,567,496 common shares issued and outstanding, outstanding options to purchase an additional 1,862,816 common shares and outstanding warrants to purchase an additional 386,750 common shares.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) or other standard setting bodies that we adopt as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, we believe that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations upon adoption.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). The standard is intended to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and to develop a common revenue standard for U.S. GAAP and IFRS by creating a new Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This guidance supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, and supersedes some cost guidance included in Subtopic 605-35, Revenue Recognition – Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts. The core principle of the accounting standard is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those good or services. The amendments should be applied by either (1) retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented; or (2) retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying this Update recognized at the date of initial application. The update is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2016, which, for us, means January 1, 2017. Early application is not permitted. The extent of the impact of adoption has not yet been determined.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. The update is intended to provide guidance in GAAP about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. Under amendments to GAAP, the assessment period is within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). The amendments are effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, which, for us, means January 1, 2017, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early application is permitted. We do not plan to early adopt this update. The extent of the impact of this adoption has not yet been determined.

Item 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates, which could adversely affect the value of our interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities. We do not hold any instruments for trading purposes and investment decisions are governed by a Board approved Investment Policy. As at December 31, 2014, we had cash and cash equivalents of $72.2 million and short-term investments of $40.0 million, as compared to $68.7 million cash and cash equivalents as at December 31, 2013. We invest our cash reserves in high interest saving accounts and guaranteed investment certificates with varying terms to maturity (not exceeding two years) issued by major Canadian banks, selected with regard to the expected timing of expenditures for continuing operations and prevailing interest rates. The fair value of our cash investments as at December 31, 2014 is at least equal to the face value of those investments and the value reported in our balance sheet. Due to the relatively short-term nature of the investments that we hold, we do not believe that the results of operations or cash flows would be affected to any significant degree by a sudden change in market interest rates relative to our investment portfolio. Our debt instrument sensitive to changes in interest rate is our warrant liability with its fair value determined using the Black-Scholes model, which uses interest rate as an input. We have estimated the effects on our warrant liability based on a one percentage point hypothetical adverse change in interest rates as of December 31, 2014 and 2013. We determined the hypothetical fair value using the same Black-Scholes model, and determined that an increase in the interest rates of one percentage point would have had an adverse change to our warrant liability of $0.01 million and $0.04 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

In addition, we are exposed to market risk related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We have not entered into any agreements or purchased any instruments to hedge possible currency risks at this time. We manage our US dollar exchange rate risk by, whenever possible, using cash received from US dollar revenues and financing to pay US dollar expenses. Prior to our financing in October 2013, which was denominated in US dollars, our policy was to convert all but a working capital level of US dollars into Canadian dollars. Given our increasing level of US dollar expenses, our policy is now to maintain US and Canadian dollar cash and investment balances based on long term forecasts of currency needs thereby creating a natural currency hedge. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, an adverse change of one percentage point in the foreign currency exchange rates of Canadian to US dollars would have resulted in an incremental loss of $0.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively. We recorded foreign exchange gains of $4.1 million and $1.1 million for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	61
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2014 and 2013	62
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012	63
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012	64
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012	65
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	66

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity and cash flows each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2014. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation’s management . Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, and its consolidated results of operations and its consolidated cash flows each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2014 in conformity with US generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated March 12, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Chartered Accountants

March 12, 2015

Vancouver, Canada

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation

We have audited Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting . Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) .

We also have audited, in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2014, and our report dated March 12, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Chartered Accountants

March 12, 2015

Vancouver, Canada

TEKMIRA PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Expressed in thousands of US Dollars, except share and per share amounts)

(Prepared in accordance with US GAAP)

	December 31 2014			December 31 2013
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	72,187		$	68,717
Short-term investments (note 2)		39,974			-
Accounts receivable		1,903			117
Accrued revenue		538			212
Deferred expenses		-			173
Investment tax credits receivable		86			40
Prepaid expenses and other assets (note 6(a))		1,730			1,084
Total current assets		116,418			70,343

Property and equipment (note 4)		12,959			13,039
Less accumulated depreciation (note 4)		(11,199	)		(11,666	)
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation (note 4)		1,760			1,373
Total assets	$	118,178		$	71,716

Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (note 10)	$	9,328		$	3,680
Deferred revenue (note 3)		5,779			3,463
Warrants (note 2 and 5)		5,099			5,379
Total current liabilities		20,206			12,522
Deferred revenue, net of current portion (note 3)		9,937			-
Total liabilities		30,143			12,522
Stockholders’ equity:
Common shares (note 5)
Authorized - unlimited number with no par value
Issued and outstanding: 22,438,169 (December 31, 2013 - 19,048,900)		290,004			216,702
Additional paid-in capital		26,208			25,343
Deficit		(205,864	)		(167,027	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(22,313	)		(15,824	)
Total stockholders' equity		88,035			59,194
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	118,178		$	71,716

Nature of business and future operations (note 1)

Contingencies and commitments (note 7)

Subsequent event (note 8)

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

TEKMIRA PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Expressed in thousands of US Dollars, except share and per share amounts)

(Prepared in accordance with US GAAP)

	Year ended December 31
	2014			2013			2012
Revenue (note 3)
Collaborations and contracts	$	11,738		$	10,425		$	12,105
Licensing fees, milestone and royalty payments		3,215			5,040			2,000
Total revenue		14,953			15,465			14,105

Expenses
Research, development, collaborations and contracts		38,713			21,458			18,043
General and administrative		8,683			5,546			8,141
Depreciation of property and equipment		529			613			866
Total expenses		47,925			27,617			27,050

Loss from operations		(32,972	)		(12,152	)		(12,945	)

Other income (losses)
Interest income		853			540			138
Licensing settlement payment (note 3(c))		-			-			65,000
Licensing settlement legal fees (note 3(c))		-			-			(18,738	)
Foreign exchange gains		4,127			1,079			25
Warrant issuance costs (note 5)		-			-			(47	)
Increase in fair value of warrant liability (note 2)		(10,383	)		(3,530	)		(3,822	)
Acquisition costs		(462	)		-			-

Net income (loss)	$	(38,837	)	$	(14,063	)	$	29,611

Income (loss) per common share
Basic	$	(1.80	)	$	(0.92	)	$	2.16
Diluted	$	(1.80	)	$	(0.92	)	$	2.07

Weighted average number of common shares
Basic		21,603,136			15,302,680			13,727,925
Diluted		21,603,136			15,302,680			14,320,814

Comprehensive income (loss)
Cumulative translation adjustment		(6,489	)		(3,135	)		474
Comprehensive loss	$	(45,326	)	$	(17,198	)	$	30,085

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

TEKMIRA PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

(Expressed in thousands of US Dollars, except share and per share amounts)

(Prepared in accordance with US GAAP)

	Number of shares		Share capital		Additional paid-in capital			Deficit			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Total stockholders' equity

Balance, December 31, 2011		12,148,635	$	177,039	$	23,927		$	(182,575	)	$	(13,163	)	$	5,228

Stock-based compensation		-		-		982			-			-			982

Issuance of common shares pursuant to exercise of options		38,635		194		(123	)		-			-			71

Issuance of common shares pursuant to exercise of warrants		269,485		1,513		-			-			-			1,513

Issuance of common shares in conjunction with the private offering, net of issuance costs of $179,000 and net of initial fair value of warrants of $851,000		1,848,601		3,040		-			-			-			3,040

Currency translation adjustment		-		-		-			-			474			474

Net income		-		-		-			29,611			-			29,611

Balance, December 31, 2012		14,305,356	$	181,786	$	24,786		$	(152,964	)	$	(12,689	)	$	40,919

Stock-based compensation		-		-		903			-			-			903

Issuance of common shares pursuant to exercise of options		125,596		735		(346	)		-			-			389

Issuance of common shares pursuant to exercise of warrants		305,448		2,143		-			-			-			2,143

Issuance of common shares in conjunction with the private offering, net of issuance costs of $ 2,462,000		4,312,500		32,038		-			-			-			32,038

Currency translation adjustment		-		-		-			-			(3,135	)		(3,135	)

Net loss		-		-		-			(14,063	)		-			(14,063	)

Balance, December 31, 2013		19,048,900	$	216,702	$	25,343		$	(167,027	)	$	(15,824	)	$	59,194

Stock-based compensation		-		-		3,283			-			-			3,283

Issuance of common shares pursuant to exercise of options		648,506		5,034		(2,418	)		-			-			2,616

Issuance of common shares pursuant to exercise of warrants		615,763		11,791		-			-			-			11,791

Issuance of common shares in conjunction with the private offering, net of issuance costs of $4,085,000		2,125,000		56,477		-			-			-			56,477

Currency translation adjustment		-		-		-			-			(6,489	)		(6,489	)

Net loss		-		-		-			(38,837	)		-			(38,837	)

Balance, December 31, 2014		22,438,169	$	290,004	$	26,208		$	(205,864	)	$	(22,313	)	$	88,035

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

TEKMIRA PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow

(Expressed in thousands of US Dollars, except share and per share amounts)

(Prepared in accordance with US GAAP)

	Year ended December 31
	2014			2013			2012
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income (loss) for the period	$	(38,837	)	$	(14,063	)	$	29,611
Items not involving cash:
Depreciation of property and equipment		529			613			866
Gain on sale of property and equipment		(80	)		-			-
Stock-based compensation - research, development, collaborations and contract expenses		2,343			622			772
Stock-based compensation - general and administrative expenses		940			281			210
Unrealized foreign exchange (gains) losses		(4,218	)		(18	)		29
Warrant issuance costs					-			47
Change in fair value of warrant liability		10,383			3,530			3,822
Net change in non-cash operating items:
Accounts receivable		(1,887	)		889			(190	)
Accrued revenue		(360	)		2,008			(2,188	)
Deferred expenses		167			231			361
Investment tax credits receivable		(52	)		(31	)		323
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(773	)		(776	)		97
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		6,253			130			(197	)
Deferred revenue		13,171			(153	)		(655	)

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(12,421	)		(6,737	)		32,908

INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Acquisition of investments		(41,982	)		-			-
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		80			-			3
Acquisition of property and equipment		(1,056	)		(725	)		(15	)

Net cash used in investing activities		(42,958	)		(725	)		(12	)

FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from issuance of common shares, net of issuance costs		56,477			32,038			3,844
Issuance of common shares pursuant to exercise of options		2,616			389			71
Issuance of common shares pursuant to exercise of warrants		1,583			289			632

Net cash provided by financing activities		60,676			32,716			4,547

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(1,827	)		(3,561	)		550

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		3,470			21,693			37,993
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		68,717			47,024			9,031
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	72,187		$	68,717		$	47,024

Supplemental cash flow information

Fair value of warrants exercised on a cashless basis	$	116		$	1,404		$	211
Investment tax credits received	$	-		$	10		$	323
Fair value of warrants issued in conjunction with public offering	$	-		$	-		$	851

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

TEKMIRA PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts in thousands of US Dollars, except share and per share amounts)

1.	Nature of business and future operations

Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation (the “Company”) is a Canadian biopharmaceutical business focused on advancing novel RNA interference therapeutics and discovering, developing and commercializing a cure for patients suffering from chronic hepatitis B infection, a disease of the liver caused by hepatitis B virus (“HBV”).

The success of the Company is dependent on obtaining the necessary regulatory approvals to bring its products to market and achieve profitable operations. The continuation of the research and development activities and the commercialization of its products are dependent on the Company’s ability to successfully complete these activities and to obtain adequate financing through a combination of financing activities and operations. It is not possible to predict either the outcome of future research and development programs or the Company’s ability to fund these programs in the future.

2.	Significant accounting policies

Basis of presentation

Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation was incorporated on October 6, 2005 as an inactive wholly owned subsidiary of Inex Pharmaceuticals Corporation (“Inex”). Pursuant to a “Plan of Arrangement” effective April 30, 2007 the business and substantially all of the assets and liabilities of Inex were transferred to the Company. The consolidated financial statements for all periods presented herein include the consolidated operations of Inex until April 30, 2007 and the operations of the Company thereafter.

The Company has three wholly-owned subsidiaries: Protiva Biotherapeutics Inc. (“Protiva”), Protiva Biotherapeutics (USA) Inc. (“Protiva USA”), and Protiva Agricultural Development Company Inc. (“PADCo”). Protiva and Protiva USA were acquired on May 30, 2008. PADCo was incorporated on January 9, 2014.

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and two of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Protiva and Protiva USA. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.

The Company records its investment in PADCo using the equity method. The Company has determined that PADCo is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) of which it is not the primary beneficiary. The Company is not the primary beneficiary as it does not have the power to make decisions that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIE nor does the Company have the right to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses that in either case could potentially be significant to the VIE. PADCo is described further in note 3.

Comparative Information

Certain information has been reclassified to conform with the financial statement presentation adopted for the current year.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, contingent assets and contingent liabilities as at the end or during the reporting period. Actual results could significantly differ from those estimates. Significant areas requiring the use of management estimates relate to recognition of revenue, stock-based compensation, valuation of warrant liability and financial instruments, and the amounts recorded as accrued liabilities.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased. Cash equivalents are recorded at cost plus accrued interest. The carrying value of these cash equivalents approximates their fair value.

Short-term investments

The Company acquired guaranteed investment certificates during the year, which are classified as short-term investments on the balance sheet. Short-term investments have original maturities exceeding three months, and have remaining maturities within twelve months. Short-term investments accrue interest daily based on a fixed interest rate for the term. The carrying value of these cash equivalents are recorded at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates their fair value.

Fair value of financial instruments

We measure certain financial instruments and other items at fair value.

To determine the fair value, we use the fair value hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use to value an asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs based on assumptions about the factors market participants would use to value an asset or liability. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:

•

Level 1 inputs are quoted market prices for identical instruments available in active markets.

•

Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly. If the asset or liability has a contractual term, the input must be observable for substantially the full term. An example includes quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets.

•

Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability and will reflect management’s assumptions about market assumptions that would be used to price the asset or liability.

Assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. Changes in the observability of valuation inputs may result in a reclassification of levels for certain securities within the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, warrants and financial instruments .

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments.

As quoted prices for the warrants are not readily available, the Company has used a Black-Scholes pricing model, as described in note 5, to estimate fair value. These are level 3 inputs as defined above.

The Company used a discounted cash flow model to determine the fair value of the financial instrument related to Monsanto’s call option to acquire the equity or all of the assets of PADCo, as described in note 3. The fair value was determined at the date of recognition, and at each reporting date. The initial fair value of the financial instrument was nil, and there has been no change to its fair value as at December 31, 2014. These are level 3 inputs as defined above.

The following tables present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques used to determine such fair value:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		December 31, 2014
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	72,187		-		-	$	72,187
Guaranteed investment certificates		39,974		-		-		39,974
Total	$	112,161		-		-	$	112,161

Liabilities
Warrants		-		-	$	5,099	$	5,099
Financial instrument		-		-		-		-
Total		-		-	$	5,099	$	5,099

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		December 31, 2013
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	68,717		-		-	$	68,717

Liabilities
Warrants		-		-	$	5,379	$	5,379

The following table presents the changes in fair value of the Company’s warrants:

	Liability at beginning of the period		Opening liability of warrants issued in the period		Fair value of warrants exercised in the period			Increase in fair value of warrants		Foreign exchange (gain) loss			Liability at end of the period
Year ended December 31, 2012	$	202	$	851	$	(881	)	$	3,822	$	21		$	4,015
Year ended December 31, 2013	$	4,015		-	$	(1,854	)	$	3,530	$	(312	)	$	5,379
Year ended December 31, 2014	$	5,379		-	$	(10,208	)	$	10,383	$	(455	)	$	5,099

Inventory

Inventory includes materials assigned for the manufacture of products for collaborative partners and manufacturing costs for products awaiting acceptance by collaborative partners. Inventory is carried at the lower of cost and net realizable value and measured using first-in-first-out method. The cost of inventories includes all costs of purchase, costs of manufacturing and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

Materials purchased for the Company’s own research and development products are not recorded as inventory but are expensed as incurred.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment is recorded at cost less impairment losses, accumulated depreciation, related government grants and investment tax credits. The Company records depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the capital assets as follows:

	Rate

Laboratory equipment (years)		5
Computer and office equipment (years)	2	-	5
Furniture and fixtures (years)		5

Leasehold improvements are depreciated over their estimated useful lives but in no case longer than the lease term, except where lease renewal is reasonably assured. Assets held under capital leases that do not allow for ownership to pass to the Company are depreciated using the straight-line method over their useful life, not exceeding the lease term. Assets under construction are not depreciated until usage has begun.

Intangible assets

The costs incurred in establishing and maintaining patents for intellectual property developed internally are expensed in the period incurred.

Impairment of long-lived assets

If there is a major event indicating that the carrying value of property and equipment may be impaired then management will perform an impairment test and if the recoverable value, based on undiscounted future cash flows, exceeds carrying value then such assets are written down to their fair values.

Revenue recognition

The Company earns revenue from research and development collaboration and contract services, licensing fees, milestone and royalty payments. Revenues associated with multiple element arrangements are attributed to the various elements based on their relative fair values or are recognized as a single unit of accounting when relative fair values are not determinable. Non-refundable payments received under collaborative research and development agreements are recorded as revenue as services are performed and related expenditures are incurred. Non-refundable upfront license fees from collaborative licensing and development arrangements are recognized as the Company fulfills its obligations related to the various elements within the agreements, in accordance with the contractual arrangements with third parties and the term over which the underlying benefit is being conferred. The Company evaluates new arrangements for any substantive milestones by considering: whether substantive uncertainty exists upon execution of the arrangement; if the event can only be achieved based in whole or in part on the Company’s performance, or occurrence of a specific outcome resulting from the Company’s performance; any future performance required, and payment is reasonable relative to all deliverables; and, the payment terms in the arrangement. Payments received upon the achievement of substantive milestones are recognized as revenue in their entirety. Payments received upon the occurrence of milestones that are non-substantive are deferred and recognized as revenue over the estimated period of performance applicable to the associated collaborative agreement.

Revenue earned under research and development manufacturing collaborations where the Company bears some or all of the risk of a product manufacturing failure is recognized when the purchaser accepts the product and there are no remaining rights of return.

Revenue earned under research and development collaborations where the Company does not bear any risk of product manufacturing failure is recognized in the period the work is performed. For contracts where the manufacturing amount is specified, revenue is recognized as product is manufactured in proportion to the total amount specified under the contract.

Revenue and expenses under the contract with the United States Government Department of Defense (“DoD”) are being recorded using the percentage-of-completion method. Contract progress is based on costs incurred to date. Expenses under the contract are recorded in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as they are incurred. Government contract revenues related to expenses incurred under the contract are recorded in the same period as those expenses. Expenses accrued under the contract but not yet invoiced are recorded in the Company’s balance sheet as accrued liabilities and accrued revenues. Equipment purchased under the contract is recorded on the Company’s balance sheet as deferred expense and deferred revenue and amortized, on a straight-line basis, over the life of the contract.

Cash or other compensation received in advance of meeting the revenue recognition criteria is recorded on the balance sheet as deferred revenue. Revenue meeting recognition criteria but not yet received or receivable is recorded on the balance sheet as accrued revenue.

Leases and lease inducements

Leases entered into are classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases which substantially transfer all benefits and risks of ownership of property to the Company are accounted for as capital leases. At the time a capital lease is entered into, an asset is recorded together with its related long-term obligation to reflect the purchase and financing.

All other leases are accounted for as operating leases wherein rental payments are expensed as incurred.

Lease inducements represent leasehold improvement allowances and reduced or free rent periods and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and are recorded as a reduction of rent expense.

Research and development costs

Research and development costs, including acquired in-process research and development expenses for which there is no alternative future use, are charged as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

Income or loss per share

Income or loss per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted loss per share does not differ from basic loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, since the effect of the Company’s stock options and warrants is anti-dilutive. Diluted income per share is calculated using the treasury stock method which uses the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period and also includes the dilutive effect of potentially issuable common shares from outstanding, in-the-money stock options and warrants.

The following table sets out the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share:

	For the year ended December 31
	2014			2013			2012
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	(38,837	)	$	(14,063	)	$	29,611
Denominator:
Weighted average number of common shares		21,603,136			15,302,680			13,727,925
Effect of dilutive securities:
Warrants		-			-			177,374
Options		-			-			415,515
Diluted weighted average number of common shares		21,603,136			15,302,680			14,320,814

Basic income (loss) per common share	$	(1.80	)	$	(0.92	)	$	2.16

Diluted income (loss) per common share	$	(1.80	)	$	(0.92	)	$	2.07

For the year ended December 31, 2014, potential common shares of 2,221,233 were excluded from the calculation of income per common share because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive (December 31, 2013 – 3,064,767; December 31, 2012 – 1,085,503).

Government grants and refundable investment tax credits

Government grants and tax credits provided for current expenses is included in the determination of income or loss for the year, as a reduction of the expenses to which it relates. Government grants and tax credits towards the acquisition of property and equipment is deducted from the cost of the related property and equipment.

Foreign currency translation and change in reporting currency

The functional currency of the Company is the Canadian dollar. For the Company and its integrated subsidiaries (Protiva and Protiva USA), foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated into Canadian dollars at the rate of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical exchange rates. The previous month’s closing rate of exchange is used to translate revenue and expense transactions. Exchange gains and losses are included in income or loss for the period.

The Company is using United States dollars as its reporting currency. All assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses and other income (losses) are translated using the average rate for the period, except for large transactions, for which the exchange rate on the date of the transaction is used. Equity accounts are translated using the historical rate. As the translation differences from the Company’s functional currency of Canadian dollars to the Company’s reporting currency of US dollars are unrealized gains and losses, the differences are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), and do not impact the calculation of Loss/Earnings per Share.

Deferred income taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method of accounting. Deferred income taxes are recognized for the future income tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying values of assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases and for loss carry-forwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the periods in which temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws or rates is included in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date. When realization of deferred income tax assets does not meet the more-likely-than-not criterion for recognition, a valuation allowance is provided.

Stock-based compensation

The Company grants stock options to employees and directors pursuant to a share incentive plan described in note 5. Compensation expense is recorded for issued stock options using the fair value method with a corresponding increase in additional paid-in capital. Any consideration received on the exercise of stock options is credited to share capital.

The fair value of stock options is measured at the grant date and amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.

Warrants

The Company accounts for the warrants under the authoritative guidance on accounting for derivative financial instruments indexed to, and potentially settled in, a company’s own stock, on the understanding that in compliance with applicable securities laws, the registered warrants require the issuance of registered securities upon exercise and do not sufficiently preclude an implied right to net cash settlement. The Company classifies warrants in its consolidated balance sheet as a liability which is revalued at each balance sheet date subsequent to the initial issuance. The Company uses the Black-Scholes pricing model to value the warrants. Determining the appropriate fair-value model and calculating the fair value of registered warrants requires considerable judgment. A small change in the estimates used may cause a relatively large change in the estimated valuation. The estimated volatility of the Company’s common stock at the date of issuance, and at each subsequent reporting period, is based on historic fluctuations in the Company’s stock price. The risk-free interest rate is based on the Government of Canada rate for bonds with a maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the warrants at the valuation date. The expected life of the warrants is based on the historical pattern of exercises of warrants.

Segment information

The Company operates in a single reporting segment. Substantially all of the Company’s revenues to date were earned from customers or collaborators based in the United States. Substantially all of the Company’s premises, property and equipment are located in Canada.

Recent accounting pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) or other standard setting bodies that are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, we believe that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations upon adoption.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). The standard is intended to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and to develop a common revenue standard for U.S. GAAP and IFRS by creating a new Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This guidance supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, and supersedes some cost guidance included in Subtopic 605-35, Revenue Recognition – Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts. The core principle of the accounting standard is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those good or services. The amendments should be applied by either (1) retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented; or (2) retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying this ASU recognized at the date of initial application. The update is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2016, which for the Company means January 1, 2017. Early application is not permitted. The extent of the impact of adoption has not yet been determined.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. The update is intended to provide guidance in GAAP about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. Under amendments to GAAP, the assessment period is within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). The amendments are effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, which for the Company means January 1, 2017, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early application is permitted. The Company does not plan to early adopt this update. The extent on the impact of this adoption has not yet been determined.

3.	Collaborations, contracts and licensing agreements

The following tables set forth revenue recognized under collaborations, contracts and licensing agreements:

	Year ended December 31
	2014		2013		2012
Collaborations and contracts
DoD (a)	$	8,407	$	9,806	$	11,536
Monsanto (b)		1,080		-		-
Alnylam (c)		-		-		10
BMS (d)		1,741		526		440
Dicerna (e)		510		-		-
Other RNAi collaborators (g)		-		93		119
Total research and development collaborations and contracts		11,738		10,425		12,105
Licensing fees, milestone and royalty payments
Monsanto licensing fees and milestone payments (b)		2,744		-		-
Alnylam milestone payments (c)		150		5,000		1,000
Dicerna licensing fee (e )		131		-		-
Spectrum royalty payments (f)		190		40		1,000
Total licensing fees, milestone and royalty payments		3,215		5,040		2,000
Total revenue	$	14,953	$	15,465	$	14,105

The following table sets forth deferred collaborations and contracts revenue:

	December 31, 2014		December 31, 2013

DoD (a)	$	313	$	1,655
Monsanto current portion (b)		4,245		-
BMS current portion (d)		-		1,808
Dicerna current portion (e)		1,221
Deferred revenue, current portion		5,779		3,463
Monsanto long-term portion (b)		8,666		-
Dicerna long-term portion (e)		1,271		-
Total deferred revenue	$	15,716	$	3,463

(a) Contract with United States Government’s Department of Defense (“DoD”) to develop TKM-Ebola

On July 14, 2010, the Company signed a contract with the DoD to advance TKM-Ebola, an RNAi therapeutic utilizing the Company’s lipid nanoparticle technology to treat Ebola virus infection.

In the initial phase of the contract, funded as part of the Transformational Medical Technologies program, the Company was eligible to receive up to $34,700,000. This initial funding is for the development of TKM-Ebola including completion of preclinical development, filing an Investigational New Drug application with the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and completing a Phase 1 human safety clinical trial. On May 8, 2013, the Company announced that the contract had been modified to support development plans that integrate recent advancements in lipid nanoparticle (“LNP”) formulation and manufacturing technologies. The contract modification increased the stage one targeted funding by an additional $6,970,000. On April 22, 2014, the Company and the DoD signed a contract modification to further increase the stage one targeted funding by $2,100,000 to $43,819,000. The additional funding is to compensate the Company for unrecovered overheads related to the temporary stop-work period that occurred in 2012 and to provide additional overhead funding should it be required.

The DoD has the option of extending the contract beyond the initial funding period to support the advancement of TKM-Ebola through to the completion of clinical development and FDA approval. Based on the contract’s budget this would provide the Company with up to $140,000,000 in funding for the entire program. In December 2014, the DoD exercised an option valued at $7,000,000 to manufacture TKM-Ebola-Guinea, developed by the Company targeting the Ebola-Guinea strain responsible for the current outbreak in West Africa.

Under the contract, the Company is reimbursed for costs incurred, including an allocation of overhead costs, and is paid an incentive fee. At the beginning of the fiscal year the Company estimates its labour and overhead rates for the year ahead. At the end of the year the actual labour and overhead rates are calculated and revenue is adjusted accordingly. The Company’s actual labour and overhead rates will differ from its estimated rates based on actual costs incurred and the proportion of the Company’s efforts on contracts and internal products versus indirect activities. Within minimum and maximum collars, the amount of incentive fee the Company can earn under the contract varies based on costs incurred versus budgeted costs. During the contractual period, incentive fee revenue and total costs are impacted by management’s estimate and judgments which are continuously reviewed and adjusted as necessary using the cumulative catch-up method. At December 31, 2012, the Company was not able to make a reliable estimate of the final contract costs, and only the minimum incentive fee achievable and earned was recognized. In August 2014, Public Works and Government Services Canada, on behalf of the DoD, completed the audit of the Company’s labour and overhead rates for 2011 and 2012, and no significant differences were adjusted from management’s estimate of the rates . For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, the Company believes it can reliably estimate the final contract costs so has recognized the portion of expected incentive fee which has been earned to date.

(b) Option and Services Agreements with Monsanto Company (“Monsanto”)

On January 13, 2014, the Company and Monsanto signed an Option Agreement and a Services Agreement (together, the “Agreements”). Under the Agreements, Monsanto has an option to obtain a license to use the Company’s proprietary delivery technology and related intellectual property for use in agriculture. Over the option period, which is expected to be approximately four years, the Company will provide lipid formulations for Monsanto’s research and development activities, and Monsanto will make certain payments to the Company to maintain its option rights. The maximum potential value of the transaction is $86,200,000 following the successful completion of milestones. As at December 31, 2014, the Company had received $17,500,000 in near term payments as outlined in the terms of the Agreements. The amounts received relate to research services and use of the Company’s technology over the option period, and are recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the option period.

Under the Agreements, the Company has established a wholly-owned subsidiary, PADCo. The Company has determined that PADCo is a variable interest entity (“VIE”); however, Monsanto is the primary beneficiary of the arrangement. PADCo was established to perform research and development activities, which have been funded by Monsanto in return for a call option to acquire the equity or all of the assets of PADCo. At any time during the option period, Monsanto may choose to exercise its option, in which case Monsanto would pay the Company an option exercise fee and would receive a worldwide, exclusive right to use the Company’s proprietary delivery technology in the field of agriculture. Monsanto may elect to terminate this option at their discretion. The Company retains all rights to therapeutics uses of all current intellectual property and intellectual property developed under the Agreements. The Company’s initial investment is not significant, and the Company has no implied or unfunded commitments and the maximum exposure to loss is limited to the amount of investment in the entity. The Company has included its investment in PADCo in other assets. There were no significant assets or liabilities for PADCo as at December 31, 2014. There was no equity income or loss with respect to PADCo recorded for the period ended December 31, 2014.

License and Collaboration Agreement with Alnylam through Tekmira

On January 8, 2007, the Company entered into a licensing and collaboration agreement with Alnylam (“Alnylam License and Collaboration”), which was amended and restated in May 2008, giving them an exclusive license to certain of the Company’s historical lipid nanoparticle intellectual property for the discovery, development, and commercialization of ribonucleic acid interference (“RNAi”) therapeutics.

The Alnylam License and Collaboration was replaced by a new license agreement as part of the settlement, which is discussed below.

Cross-License with Alnylam acquired through Protiva

As a result of the acquisition of Protiva on May 30, 2008, the Company acquired a Cross-License Agreement between Protiva and Alnylam (the “Alnylam Cross-License”). Alnylam was granted a non-exclusive license to the Protiva intellectual property.

The Alnylam Cross-License was replaced by a new license agreement as part of the settlement, which is discussed below.

Manufacturing agreement with Alnylam

Under a manufacturing agreement with Alnylam (the “Alnylam Manufacturing Agreement”) effective January 1, 2009, the Company was the exclusive manufacturer of any products required by Alnylam through to the end of Phase 2 clinical trials that utilize the Company’s technology. Alnylam was paying the Company for the provision of staff and for external costs incurred. Time charged to Alnylam was at a fixed rate and under the Alnylam Manufacturing Agreement there was a contractual minimum for the provision of staff of $11,200,000 over the three year period ending December 31, 2011.

The Alnylam Manufacturing Agreement was terminated as part of the settlement which is discussed below.

Settlement of litigation with Alnylam and Acuitas Therapeutics Inc. (“Acuitas”, formerly AlCana Technologies Inc.)

On March 16, 2011 the Company filed a complaint against Alnylam. On November 12, 2012, the Company entered into an agreement to settle all litigation between the Company and Alnylam and Acuitas (the “Settlement”) and also entered into a new licensing agreement with Alnylam that replaces all earlier licensing, cross-licensing, collaboration, and manufacturing agreements. The Company entered into a separate cross license agreement with Acuitas which includes milestone and royalty payments and Acuitas has agreed not to compete in the RNAi field for five years. In conjunction with the Settlement, the Company paid Acuitas $300,000. The Company paid a further $1,500,000 upon the execution of the cross license agreement with Acuitas, in the year ended December 31, 2013.

As a result of the new Alnylam license agreement, on November 26, 2012, the Company received $65,000,000 in cash from Alnylam. This includes $30,000,000 associated with the termination of the manufacturing agreement and $35,000,000 associated with the termination of the previous license agreements, as well as a modification of the milestone and royalty schedules associated with Alnylam's ALN-VSP, ALN-PCS, and ALN-TTR programs. Under the settlement, Alnylam received license rights to the Company’s patents that were filed, or that claim priority to a patent that was filed, before April 15, 2010. Alnylam does not have rights to the Company’s patents filed after April 15, 2010 unless they claim priority to a patent filed before that date. In addition, Alnylam has transferred all agreed upon patents and patent applications related to lipid nanoparticle (“LNP”) technology for the systemic delivery of RNAi therapeutic products, including the MC3 lipid family, to the Company, who will own and control prosecution of this intellectual property portfolio. The Company is the only entity able to sublicense its LNP intellectual property in future platform-type relationships. Alnylam has a license to use the Company’s intellectual property to develop and commercialize products and may only grant access to the Company’s LNP technology to its partners if it is part of a product sublicense. Alnylam will pay the Company milestones and royalties as Alnylam’s LNP-enabled products are developed and commercialized.

The new licensing agreement with Alnylam also grants the Company intellectual property rights to develop its own proprietary RNAi therapeutics. Alnylam has granted the Company a worldwide license for the discovery, development and commercialization of RNAi products directed to thirteen gene targets – three exclusive and ten non-exclusive licenses – provided that they have not been committed by Alnylam to a third party or are not otherwise unavailable as a result of the exercise of a right of first refusal held by a third party or are part of an ongoing or planned development program of Alnylam. Licenses for five of the ten non-exclusive targets – ApoB, PLK1, Ebola, WEE1, and CSN5 – have already been granted, along with an additional license for ALDH2, which has been granted on an exclusive basis. In consideration for this license, the Company has agreed to pay single-digit royalties to Alnylam on product sales and have milestone obligations of up to $8,500,000 on the non-exclusive licenses (with the exception of TKM-Ebola, which has no milestone obligations). Alnylam no longer has “opt-in” rights to the Company’s lead oncology product, TKM-PLK1, so the Company now holds all development and commercialization rights related TKM-PLK1. The Company will have no milestone obligations on the three exclusive licenses. As a result of the settlement of the litigation between the Company and Alnylam, $18,737,966 in a contingent obligation payment to Orrick, Herrington and Sutcliffe LLP (“Orrick”), lead legal counsel for the lawsuit against Alnylam and Acuitas, was paid out on December 10, 2012.

Milestone receipts and payments

In June 2012 the Company earned a $1,000,000 milestone from Alnylam in respect of the initiation of Alnylam’s ALN-TTR02 Phase 2 human clinical trial.

In November 2013, Alnylam initiated a Phase III trial with ALN-TTR02, also known as patisiran, and the associated $5,000,000 development milestone was paid to the Company in December 2013.

In November 2013, the Company initiated Phase I/II clinical trial for TKM-PLK1, resulting in a milestone payment of $375,000 to Alnylam.

Arbitration with Alnylam and Ascletis Pharmaceuticals (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd. (“Ascletis”)

On June 21, 2013, the Company transferred manufacturing process technology to Ascletis to enable them to produce ALN-VSP, a product candidate licensed to them by Alnylam. The Company believes that under its licensing agreement with Alnylam, the technology transfer to Ascletis triggers a $5,000,000 milestone obligation from Alnylam to the Company. However, Alnylam has demanded a declaration that the Company has not yet met its milestone obligations. The Company disputes Alnylam’s position. To remedy this dispute, the Company and Alnylam have commenced arbitration proceedings as provided for under the agreement. The hearing date for this arbitration is currently set for the second week in May, 2015. The Company has not recorded any revenue in respect of this milestone.

(d) Bristol-Myers Squibb (“BMS”) collaboration

On May 10, 2010 the Company announced the expansion of its research collaboration with BMS. Under the new agreement, BMS uses small interfering RNA (“siRNA”) molecules formulated by the Company in LNP technology to silence target genes of interest. BMS is conducting the preclinical work to validate the function of certain genes and share the data with the Company. The Company can use the preclinical data to develop RNAi therapeutic drugs against the therapeutic targets of interest. The Company received $3,000,000 from BMS concurrent with the signing of the agreement and recorded the amount as deferred revenue. The Company is required to provide a pre-determined number of LNP batches over the four-year agreement. BMS has a first right to negotiate a licensing agreement on certain RNAi products developed by the Company that evolve from BMS validated gene targets.

Revenue from the May 10, 2010 agreement with BMS is being recognized as the Company produces the related LNP batches.

As at December 31, 2013, the Company and BMS intended to extend the agreement’s end date from May 10, 2014 to December 31, 2014. Extending the agreement would have given BMS more time to order LNP batches. The offer of an extension in December 2013 resulted in a cumulative revenue adjustment recorded for the year ended December 31, 2013. In August 2014, the Company received notification that the extension would not occur. As such, the agreement expired and both companies’ obligations under the agreement ended. Revenue earned for the year-ended December 31, 2014 relates to batches shipped to BMS during the period and the release of any remaining deferred revenue balance resulting from the expiration of the agreement.

(e) License and Development and Supply Agreement with Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Dicerna”)

On November 16, 2014, the Company signed a License Agreement and a Development and Supply Agreement (together, the “Agreements”) with Dicerna to development, manufacture, and commercialization of products directed to treatment of Primary Hyperoxaluria 1 (“PH1”), In consideration for the rights granted under the Agreements, Dicerna paid the Company an upfront cash payment of $2,500,000. The Company is also entitled to receive payments from Dicerna on the manufacturing and services provided, as well as further payments with the achievement of development and regulatory milestones of $22,000,000 in aggregate, and potential commercial royalties. Further, under the Agreements, a joint development committee has been established to provide guidance and direction on the progression of the collaboration.

The Company determined the deliverables under the Agreements included the rights granted, participation in the joint development committee, materials manufactured and other services provided, as directed under the joint development committee. The Company has determined that manufacturing services and other services provided have standalone value, as a separate statement of work is executed and invoiced for each manufacturing or service work order. The relative fair values are determined as a batch price or fee is estimated upon the execution of each work order, with actual expenditures charged at comparable market rates with embedded margins on each work order. Manufacturing work orders are invoiced at the time of execution of the work order, at the initiation of manufacture, and at the release of materials. The Company has deferred the recognition of revenue on all cash payments received for manufacturing work orders. Revenue from service work orders is recognized as the services are performed. The license and participation in the joint development committee have been determined by the Company to not have standalone value due to the uniqueness of the subject matter under the Agreements. Therefore, these deliverables are treated as one unit of accounting and recognized as revenue over the performance period, which the Company has estimated to be approximately 28 months as at December 31, 2014.

The Company believes the development and regulatory milestones are substantive, due to the existence of substantive uncertainty upon the execution of the arrangement, and that the achievement of the development and regulatory events are based in part on the Company’s performance and the occurrence of a specific outcome resulting from performance. The Company has not received any milestone payments to date.

(f) Agreements with Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Spectrum”)

On May 6, 2006, the Company signed a number of agreements with Talon Therapeutics, Inc. (“Talon”, formerly Hana Biosciences, Inc.) including the grant of worldwide licenses (the “Talon License Agreement”) for three of the Company’s chemotherapy products, Marqibo®, Alocrest TM (Optisomal Vinorelbine) and Brakiva TM (Optisomal Topotecan).

On August 9, 2012, the Company announced that Talon had received accelerated approval for Marqibo from the FDA for the treatment of adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia in second or greater relapse or whose disease has progressed following two or more anti-leukemia therapies. Marqibo is a liposomal formulation of the chemotherapy drug vincristine. In the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company received a milestone of $1,000,000 based on the FDA’s approval of Marqibo and will receive royalty payments based on Marqibo’s commercial sales. There are no further milestones related to Marqibo but the Company is eligible to receive total milestone payments of up to $18,000,000 on Alocrest and Brakiva.

Talon was acquired by Spectrum in July 2013. The acquisition did not affect the terms of the license between Talon and the Company.

On September 3, 2013, Spectrum announced that they had shipped the first commercial orders of Marqibo. In the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recorded $190,000 in Marqibo royalty revenue (2013 - $40,000, 2012 - $nil). In the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company accrued $5,000 in royalties due to TPC in respect of the Marqibo royalty earned by the Company (see note 8).

(g) Other RNAi collaborators

The Company had active research agreements with a number of other RNAi collaborators.

4.	Property and equipment

December 31, 2014	Cost		Accumulated depreciation			Net book value

Lab equipment	$	5,021		(4,451	)	$	570
Leashold improvements		5,281		(4,796	)		485
Computer hardware and software		2,293		(1,588	)		705
Furniture and fixtures		364		(364	)		-
	$	12,959		(11,199	)	$	1,760

December 31, 2013	Cost		Accumulated depreciation			Net book value

Lab equipment	$	4,886		(4,679	)	$	207
Leashold improvements		5,592		(5,001	)		591
Computer hardware and software		1,992		(1,590	)		402
Furniture and fixtures		396		(396	)		-
Assets under construction		173		-			173
	$	13,039		(11,666	)	$	1,373

As at December 31, 2014, all of the Company’s property and equipment are currently in use and no impairment has been recorded.

5.	Share capital

(a) Financing

On February 29, 2012, the Company completed a private placement offering of 1,848,601 units at a price of $2.20 (C$2.20) each for total gross proceeds, before expenses, of $4,070,000. Each unit consists of one common share and one half of one common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant entitles the holder to acquire one common share at a price of C$2.60. The warrants expire on February 28, 2017. After paying brokerage fees and other unit issue costs, the offering generated net cash of $3,844,000. The total unit issuance cost of $226,000 has been allocated, on a pro-rata basis, as $179,000 to the shares and $47,000 to the warrants and recorded, respectively, to share capital and warrant issuance costs in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

On the date of issuance, the Black-Scholes aggregate value of the 924,302 warrants was $851,000 based on an assumed risk-free interest rate of 1.44%, volatility of 40%, a zero dividend yield and an expected life of 5 years. The fair value of the warrants at issuance was initially recorded as a liability with the residual amount of proceeds from the private placement being allocated to share capital.

On October 22, 2013, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 3,750,000 common shares, at a price of $8.00 per share, representing gross proceeds of $30,000,000. On November 1, 2013, the offering’s underwriter completed the exercise of its over-allotment option to purchase a further 562,500 shares at $8.00 bringing the aggregate financing gross proceeds to $34,500,000. The cost of the financing, including commissions and professional fees, was $2,462,000, resulting in net proceeds of $32,038,000.

On March 26, 2014, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 2,125,000 common shares, at a price of $28.50 per share, representing gross proceeds of $60,562,000. The Company also granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase an additional 318,750 shares for an additional $9,084,000 to cover any over-allotments. The underwriters did not exercise the option. The cost of financing, including commissions and professional fees, was $4,085,000, resulting in net proceeds of $56,477,000.

(b) Authorized share capital

The Company’s authorized share capital consists of an unlimited number of common and preferred shares without par value.

During the year ended December 31, 2014, there were 610,478 warrants exercised for $1,583,000 in cash (December 31, 2013 – 105,683 warrants for $289,000) and 6,000 warrants exercised using the cashless exercise provision in return for 5,285 common shares (December 31, 2013 – 468,000 warrants for 199,765 common shares).

The following table summarizes the Company’s warrant activity for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013:

	Common shares purchasable upon exercise of warrants			Weighted average exercise price (C$)		Weighted average exercise price (US$)		Range of exercise prices (C$)			Range of exercise prices (US$)			Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)		Aggregate intrinsic value (C$)		Aggregate intrinsic value (US$)

Balance, December 31, 2012		1,588,411		$	3.00	$	3.02	$2.50	-	$3.35	$2.51	-	$3.37		3.8	$	3,141	$	3,157
Exercised		(573,683	)	$	3.19	$	3.00	$2.60	-	$3.35	$2.44	-	$3.15
Balance, December 31, 2013		1,014,728		$	2.90	$	2.72	$2.60	-	$3.35	$2.44	-	$3.15		2.7	$	5,635	$	5,298
Exercised		(616,478	)	$	3.09	$	2.80	$2.60	-	$3.35	$2.35	-	$3.03
Balance, December 31, 2014		398,250		$	2.95	$	2.67	$2.60	-	$3.35	$2.35	-	$3.03		1.8	$	5,902	$	5,343

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price of the warrants and the quoted price of the Company’s common stock as of the reporting date.

All of the Company’s warrants were exercisable as of December 31, 2014.

The weighted average Black-Scholes option-pricing assumptions and the resultant fair values are as follows for warrants outstanding at December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

	Year ended December 31
	2014			2013

Dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%
Expected volatility		85.22	%		47.03	%
Risk-free interest rate		1.00	%		1.13	%
Expected average term (years)		0.5			1.6
Fair value of warrants outstanding	$	12.80		$	5.30
Aggregate fair value of warrants outstanding	$	5,099		$	5,379
Number of warrants outstanding		398,250			1,014,728

The value of the Company’s warrants is particularly sensitive to changes in the Company’s share price and the estimated rate of share price volatility.

(e) Stock-based compensation

The Company has five share-based compensation plans; the “2007 Plan”, the “2011 Plan”, two “Designated Plans” (together, the “Tekmira Plans”), and the “Protiva Option Plan”.

On June 22, 2011, the shareholders of the Company approved an omnibus stock-based compensation plan (the “2011 Plan”) and a 273,889 increase in the number of stock-based compensation awards that the Company is permitted to issue. The Company’s pre-existing 2007 Plan was limited to the granting of stock options as equity incentive awards whereas the 2011 Plan also allows for the issuance of tandem stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units and deferred stock units (collectively, and including options, referred to as “Awards”). The 2011 Plan replaces the 2007 Plan. The 2007 Plan will continue to govern the options granted thereunder. No further options will be granted under the Company’s 2007 Plan.

Under the Company’s 2007 Plan the Board of Directors granted options to employees, directors and consultants of the Company. The exercise price of the options was determined by the Company’s Board of Directors but was always at least equal to the closing market price of the common shares on the day preceding the date of grant and the term of options granted did not exceed 10 years. The options granted generally vested over three years for employees and immediately for directors.

Under the Company’s 2011 Plan the Board of Directors may grant options, and other types of Awards, to employees, directors and consultants of the Company. The exercise price of the options is determined by the Company’s Board of Directors but will be at least equal to the closing market price of the common shares on the day preceding the date of grant and the term may not exceed 10 years. Options granted generally vest over three years for employees and immediately for directors.

Additionally, the Company granted a total of 200,000 options in 2013 to two executive officers in conjunction with their new appointments as executive officers. These options were granted in accordance with the policies of the Toronto Stock Exchange and pursuant to newly designated share compensation plans (the “Designated Plans”). The Designated Plans are governed by substantially the same terms as the 2011 Plan. Hereafter, information on options governed by the 2007 Plan, the 2011 Plan, and the Designated Plans is presented on a consolidated basis as the terms of the four plans are similar. Information on the Protiva Option Plan is presented separately.

At the Company’s annual general and special meeting of shareholders on June 20, 2012 and May 8, 2014, the shareholders of the Company approved respectively, a 550,726 and a 800,000 increase in the number of stock-based compensation awards that the Company is permitted to issue.

Stock option activity for the Tekmira Plans

	Number of optioned common shares			Weighted average exercise price (C$)		Weighted average exercise price (US$)		Aggregate intrinsic value (C$)		Aggregate intrinsic value (US$)

Balance, December 31, 2011		1,413,318		$	5.32	$	5.38	$	2	$	2
Options granted		326,300		$	4.16	$	4.16
Options exercised		(28,417	)	$	2.34	$	2.34	$	82	$	82
Options forfeited, cancelled or expired		(62,355	)	$	21.27	$	21.29
Balance, December 31, 2012		1,648,846		$	4.54	$	4.54	$	2,300	$	2,301
Options granted		270,250		$	7.52	$	7.30
Options exercised		(124,246	)	$	3.22	$	3.13	$	551	$	535
Options forfeited, cancelled or expired		(64,085	)	$	21.87	$	21.23
Balance, December 31, 2013		1,730,765		$	4.45	$	4.32	$	7,030	$	6,826
Options granted		431,125		$	13.63	$	12.34
Options exercised		(622,752	)	$	4.62	$	4.18	$	7,650	$	6,926
Options forfeited, cancelled or expired		(9,000	)	$	8.20	$	7.42
Balance, December 31, 2014		1,530,138		$	6.95	$	6.29	$	16,573	$	15,004

Options under the Tekmira Plans expire at various dates from July 25, 2015 to December 14, 2024.

The following table summarizes information pertaining to stock options outstanding at December 31, 2014 under the Tekmira Plans:

			Options outstanding December 31, 2014								Options exercisable December 31, 2014
Range of Exercise prices			Number of options outstanding		Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)		Weighted average exercise price (C$)		Weighted average exercise price (US$)		Number of options exercisable		Weighted average exercise price (C$)		Weighted average exercise price (US$)

$1.50	to	$1.90		184,325		5.9	$	1.71	$	1.55		184,325	$	1.71	$	1.55
$2.10	to	$2.60		189,299		6.7	$	2.32	$	2.10		169,404	$	2.35	$	2.13
$3.00	to	$3.85		160,650		3.8	$	3.57	$	3.23		160,450	$	3.57	$	3.23
$4.49	to	$6.50		411,356		6.4	$	5.21	$	4.72		323,052	$	5.20	$	4.71
$7.05	to	$10.40		252,923		8.6	$	8.78	$	7.95		117,548	$	8.81	$	7.98
$11.60	to	$13.26		156,085		9.1	$	12.89	$	11.67		76,879	$	12.68	$	11.48
$14.80	to	$18.54		175,500		9.2	$	16.67	$	15.09		57,250	$	16.45	$	14.89
$1.50	to	$18.54		1,530,138		7.1	$	6.95	$	6.29		1,088,908	$	5.43	$	4.92

At December 31, 2014, there were 1,088,908 options exercisable (December 31, 2013 – 1,377,091; December 31, 2012 - 1,315,155) with a weighted average exercise price of $4.92 (C$5.43). The weighted average remaining contractual life of exercisable options as at December 31, 2014 was 6.38 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of in-the-money options exercisable at December 31, 2014 was $11,578,000.

A summary of the Company’s non-vested stock option activity and related information for the year ended December 31, 2014 is as follows:

	Number of optioned common shares			Weighted average fair value (C$)		Weighted average fair value (US$)

Non-vested at December 31, 2013		353,675		$	5.44	$	5.28

Options granted		431,125		$	13.63		12.34
Options vested		(334,994	)	$	8.35		7.56
Non-vested options forfeited		(8,576	)	$	6.89		6.24
Non-vested at December 31, 2014		441,230		$	9.30	$	8.42

The weighted average remaining contractual life for options expected to vest at December 31, 2014 was 8.8 years and the weighted average exercise price for these options was $9.67 (C$10.68) per share.

The aggregate intrinsic value of options expected to vest as at December 31, 2014 was $2,626,000 (December 31, 2013 - $943,000; December 31, 2012 - $451,000).

The total fair value of options that vested during the year ended December 31, 2014 was $2,505,000 (2013 - $955,000; 2012 - $1,071,000).

Valuation assumptions for the Tekmira Plans

The fair value of stock options at date of grant, based on the following assumptions, was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Assumptions on the dividend yield are based on the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends and has no present intention to pay cash dividends. Assumptions about the Company’s expected stock-price volatility are based on the historical volatility of the Company’s publicly traded stock. The risk-free interest rate used for each grant is equal to the zero coupon rate for instruments with a similar expected life. Expected life assumptions are based on the Company’s historical data. The Company currently expects, based on an analysis of its historical forfeitures, approximately 97% of its options issued will ultimately vest, and has applied a forfeiture rate of 3% to all unvested options held as of December 31, 2014 (December 31, 2013 – 2%; December 31, 2012 – 2%). The Company will record additional expense if the actual forfeitures are lower than estimated and will record a recovery of prior expense if the actual forfeitures are higher than estimated. The weighted average option pricing assumptions and the resultant fair values are as follows:

	Year ended December 31
	2014			2013			2012

Dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%
Expected volatility		101.08	%		111.61	%		120.40	%
Risk-free interest rate		2.25	%		2.39	%		1.56	%
Expected average option term (years)		8.8			9.6			8.2
Fair value of options granted (C$)	$	11.68		$	6.96		$	3.83

Stock-based compensation expense for the Tekmira Plans

An expense for stock-based compensation for options awarded to employees and calculated in accordance with the fair value method has been recorded in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as follows:

	Year ended December 31
	2014		2013		2012

Research, development, collaborations and contracts expenses	$	2,343	$	622	$	772
General and administrative expenses		940		281		210
Total	$	3,283	$	903	$	982

At December 31, 2014, there remains $2,533,000 of unearned compensation expense related to unvested employee stock options to be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of approximately 18 months.

Protiva Option Plan

On May 30, 2008, as a condition of the acquisition of Protiva Biotherapeutics Inc., a total of 350,457 common shares of the Company were reserved for the exercise of 519,073 Protiva share options (“Protiva Options”). The Protiva Options have an exercise price of C$0.30, were fully vested and exercisable as of May 30, 2008. As at December 31, 2014, the outstanding options expire at various dates from September 12, 2015 to March 1, 2018 and upon exercise each option will be converted into approximately 0.6752 shares of the Company (the same ratio at which Protiva common shares were exchanged for Company common shares at completion of the acquisition of Protiva). The Protiva Options are not part of the Tekmira Plans and the Company is not permitted to grant any further Protiva Options.

The following table sets forth outstanding options under the Protiva Option Plan:

	Number of Protiva Options			Equivalent number of Company common shares			Weighted average exercise price (C$)		Weighted average exercise price (US$)

Balance, December 31, 2011		491,020			331,517		$	0.30		0.30
Options exercised		(15,135	)		(10,218	)		0.30		0.30
Options forfeited, cancelled or expired		-			-			-		-
Balance, December 31, 2012		475,885			321,299		$	0.30	$	0.30
Options exercised		(2,000	)		(1,350	)		0.30		0.29
Options forfeited, cancelled or expired		(1,000	)		(675	)		0.30	$	0.29
Balance, December 31, 2013		472,885			319,274		$	0.30	$	0.29
Options exercised		(38,145	)		(25,754	)		0.30		0.27
Options forfeited, cancelled or expired		(1,000	)		(675	)		0.30		0.27
Balance, December 31, 2014		433,740			292,845		$	0.30		0.27

The weighted average remaining contractual life of exercisable Protiva Options as at December 31, 2014 was 1.0 years.

The aggregate intrinsic value of Protiva Options outstanding at December 31, 2014 was $4,374,000. The intrinsic value of Protiva Options exercised in the year ended December 31, 2014 was $378,000 (2013 - $8,000; 2012 - $19,000).

Awards outstanding and available for issuance

Combining all of the Company’s share-based compensation plans, at December 31, 2014, the Company has 1,822,983 options outstanding and a further 785,398 Awards available for issuance.

6.	Government grants and refundable investment tax credits

Government grants and refundable investment tax credits have been recorded as a reduction in research and development expenses. Materials manufactured but not yet accepted by the third party

(a) Government grants

On December 22, 2014, the Company entered into a Manufacturing and Clinical Trial Agreement with the University of Oxford to provide the new TKM-Ebola-Guinea therapeutic product for clinical studies in West Africa. The University of Oxford is the representative of the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC), who will be conducting clinical studies of TKM-Ebola-Guinea in Ebola virus infected patients, with funding provided by the Wellcome Trust. Manufacture of TKM-Ebola-Guinea has been completed and the manufacturing costs are included in other assets as at December 31, 2014. In January 2015, the Company received $1,098,000 from ISARIC, and is close to finalization of a suitable clinical protocol for the studies to commence.

Government grants for the year ended December 31, 2014 include $172,000 in funding from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (2013 - $69,000).

(b) Refundable investment tax credits

The Company’s estimated claim for refundable Scientific Research and Experimental Development investment tax credits for the year ended December 31, 2014 is $52,000 (2013 - $43,000).

7.	Income taxes

Income tax (recovery) expense varies from the amounts that would be computed by applying the combined Canadian federal and provincial income tax rate of 17.8% (year ended December 2013 – 17.8%; year ended December 31, 2012 – 17.5%) to the loss before income taxes as shown in the following tables:

	Year ended December 31
	2014			2013			2012

Computed taxes (recoveries) at Canadian federal and provincial tax rates	$	(6,893	)	$	(2,380	)	$	7,486
Differences due to change in enacted tax rates		-			(6	)		781
Difference due to change in tax rate on opening deferred taxes		-			-			2,720
Permanent and other differences		1,342			1,150			(1,195	)
Change in valuation allowance - other		5,551			1,236			798
Change in valuation allowance - utilization of investment tax credits		-			-			(10,590	)
Income tax (recovery) expense	$	-		$	-		$	-

As at December 31, 2014, the Company has investment tax credits available to reduce Canadian federal income taxes of $7,866,000 (December 31, 2013 - $6,859,000) and provincial income taxes of $3,401,000 (December 31, 2013 - $2,432,000) and expiring between 2015 and 2034.

At December 31, 2014, the Company has scientific research and experimental development expenditures of $49,906,852 (December 31, 2013 - $49,907,000) available for indefinite carry-forward and $25,301,000 (December 31, 2013 - $24,527,000) of net operating losses due to expire between 2028 and 2033 and which can be used to offset future taxable income in Canada.

On November 23, 2011, the Company was registered as a corporation under the Business Activity Act in the province of British Columbia. Under this program, provincial corporation tax charged on foreign income earned from the Company’s patents will be eligible for a 75% tax refund up to a maximum of C$8,000,000. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets are shown below:

	Year ended December 31
	2014			2013

Deferred tax assets:
Non-capital loss carryforwards	$	4,491		$	4,354
Research and development deductions		9,562			8,859
Book amortization in excess of tax		1,874			2,171
Share issue costs		815			(136	)
Revenue recognized for tax purposes in excess of revenue recognized for accounting purposes		2,790			668
Tax value in excess of accounting value in lease inducements		45			(3	)
Federal investment tax credits		6,470			5,539
Provincial investment tax credits		3,347			2,391
Total deferred tax assets		29,394			23,843
Valuation allowance		(29,394	)		(23,843	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	-		$	-

Certain comparative figures in the above deferred tax assets table have been recast to increase the Canadian federal investment tax credits by $5,539,000, the provincial investment tax credits by $1,999,000, and the valuation allowance by $7,538,000 as at December 31, 2013. The comparative figures in the income tax expense reconciliation table have also been recast to reflect these changes. These adjustments have no impact on the consolidated financial position, consolidated results of operations or the consolidated cash flows.

8.	Contingencies and commitments

Property lease

On June 23, 2014, the Company signed a renewal agreement to the operating lease for its laboratory and office premises. The renewal is effective August 1, 2014 and expires July 31, 2019, but the Company has the option to extend the lease to 2024, 2029, and 2034. The renewal agreement includes lease inducements, which are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, in accordance with the Company’s accounting policy.

Following the lease renewal, the minimum rent and estimated operating cost commitment, net of lease inducements, is as follows:

Year ended December 31, 2015	$	1,119,000
Year ended December 31, 2016		1,119,000
Year ended December 31, 2017		1,119,000
Year ended December 31, 2018		1,119,000
Year ended December 31, 2019		653,000
	$	5,129,000

The Company’s lease expense, for the year ended December 31, 2014 of $1,133,000 has been recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) (2013 - $1,225,000; 2012 - $937,000).

Product development partnership with the Canadian Government

The Company entered into a Technology Partnerships Canada ("TPC") agreement with the Canadian Federal Government on November 12, 1999. Under this agreement, TPC agreed to fund 27% of the costs incurred by the Company, prior to March 31, 2004, in the development of certain oligonucleotide product candidates up to a maximum contribution from TPC of $7,179,000 (C$9,330,000). As at December 31, 2014, a cumulative contribution of $3,191,000 (C$3,702,000) had been received and the Company does not expect any further funding under this agreement. In return for the funding provided by TPC, the Company agreed to pay royalties on the share of future licensing and product revenue, if any, that is received by the Company on certain non-siRNA oligonucleotide product candidates covered by the funding under the agreement. These royalties are payable until a certain cumulative payment amount is achieved or until a pre-specified date. In addition, until a cumulative amount equal to the funding actually received under the agreement has been paid to TPC, the Company agreed to pay 2.5% royalties on any royalties the Company receives for Marqibo. For the year-ended December 31, 2014, the Company earned royalties on Marqibo sales in the amount of $190,000 (see note 3(f)), resulting in $5,000 recorded by the Company as royalty payable to TPC (2013 - $1,000, 2012 - $nil). The cumulative amount paid or accrued up to December 31, 2014 was $6,000, resulting in the contingent amount due to TPC being $3,185,000 (C$3,695,000).

License agreement with Marina Biotech, Inc. (“Marina”)

On November 29, 2012 the Company announced a worldwide, non-exclusive license to a novel RNAi payload technology called Unlocked Nucleobase Analog (“UNA”) from Marina for the development of RNAi therapeutics.

Under the license agreement the Company paid Marina an upfront fee of $300,000. A further license payment of $200,000 was paid in 2013 and the Company will make milestone payments of up to $3,250,000 and royalties on each product developed by the Company that uses Marina’s UNA technology. The payments to Marina are expensed to research, development, collaborations and contracts expense.

Effective August 9, 2013, Marina’s UNA technology was acquired by Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc. (“Arcturus”) and the UNA license agreement between the Company and Marina was assigned to Arcturus. The terms of the license are otherwise unchanged. On December 22, 2014, the Company received clearance from Health Canada to conduct a Phase I Clinical Study with TKM-HBV, which utilizes Arcturus’ UNA technology. This triggered the accrual of a $150,000 as at December 31, 2014 related to the milestone payment to Arcturus upon the dosing of first subject in a Phase I clinical trial of TKM-HBV, which occurred on January 21, 2015.

Arbitration with the University of British Columbia (“UBC”)

Certain early work on lipid nanoparticle delivery systems and related inventions was undertaken at UBC. These inventions are licensed to the Company by UBC under a license agreement, initially entered in 1998 as amended in 2001, 2006 and 2007. The Company has granted sublicenses under the UBC license to Alnylam as well as to Talon. Alnylam has in turn sublicensed back to the Company under the licensed UBC patents for discovery, development and commercialization of RNAi products. In 2009, the Company entered into a supplemental agreement with UBC, Alnylam and AlCana, in relation to a separate research collaboration to be conducted among UBC, Alnylam and AlCana to which the Company has license rights. The settlement agreement signed in late 2012 to resolve the litigation among the Company, Alnylam, and AlCana, provided for the effective termination of all obligations under such supplemental agreement as between and among all litigants (see note 3(c)).

On November 10, 2014, UBC filed a notice of arbitration against the Company and on January 16, 2015, filed a Statement of Claim, which alleges entitlement to $3,500,000 in allegedly unpaid royalties based on publicly available information, and an unspecified amount based on non-public information. UBC also seeks interest and costs, including legal fees. The Company is currently disputing UBC’s allegations, and no dates have been scheduled for this arbitration. However, the Company notes that arbitration is subject to inherent uncertainty and an arbitrator could rule against the Company. The Company has not recorded an estimate of the possible loss associated with this arbitration, due to the uncertainties related to both the likelihood and amount of any possible loss or range of loss. However, the defense of arbitration and related matters are costly and may divert the attention of the Company’s management and other resources that would otherwise be engaged in other activities. Costs related to the arbitration have been recorded by the Company as incurred.

9.	Concentrations of business risk

Credit risk

Credit risk is defined by the Company as an unexpected loss in cash and earnings if a collaborative partner is unable to pay its obligations in due time. The Company’s main source of credit risk is related to its accounts receivable balance which principally represents temporary financing provided to collaborative partners in the normal course of operations.

The Company does not currently maintain a provision for bad debts as the majority of accounts receivable is from collaborative partners or government agencies and are considered low risk.

The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. The maximum exposure to credit risk at December 31, 2014 was the accounts receivable balance of $1,903,000 (December 31, 2013 - $117,000).

All accounts receivable balances were current as at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

Significant collaborators and customers risk

We depend on a small number of collaborators and customers for a significant portion of our revenues (see note 3).

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk results from the Company’s potential inability to meet its financial liabilities, for example payments to suppliers. The Company ensures sufficient liquidity through the management of net working capital and cash balances.

The Company’s liquidity risk is primarily attributable to its cash and cash equivalents, and short-term investments. The Company limits exposure to liquidity risk on its liquid assets through maintaining its cash and cash equivalent, and short-term investments with high-credit quality financial institutions. Due to the nature of these investments, the funds are available on demand to provide optimal financial flexibility.

The Company believes that its current sources of liquidity are sufficient to cover its likely applicable short term cash obligations. The Company’s financial obligations include accounts payable and accrued liabilities which generally fall due within 45 days.

The net liquidity of the Company is considered to be the cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments less accounts payable and accrued liabilities.

	December 31, 2014			December 31, 2013

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	112,161		$	68,717
Less: Accounts payable and accrued liabilties		(9,328	)		(3,680	)
	$	102,833		$	65,037

Foreign currency risk

The results of the Company’s operations are subject to currency transaction and translation risk as the Company’s revenues and expenses are denominated in both Canadian and US dollars. The fluctuation of the US dollar in relation to the Canadian dollar will consequently have an impact upon the Company’s reported income or loss and may also affect the value of the Company’s assets, liabilities, and the amount of shareholders’ equity both as recorded in the Company’s financial statements, in the Canadian functional currency, and as reported, for presentation purposes, in the US dollar.

The Company manages its US dollar exchange rate risk by, whenever possible, using cash received from US dollar revenues and financing to pay US dollar expenses. Prior to the financing in October 2013 (note 5(a)), which was denominated in US dollars, the Company’s policy was to convert all but a working capital level of US dollars into Canadian dollars. Given the Company’s increasing level of US dollar expenses, its policy is now to maintain US and Canadian dollar cash and investment and short-term investment balances based on long term forecasts of currency needs thereby creating a natural currency hedge.

The Company has not entered into any agreements or purchased any instruments to hedge possible currency risks. The Company’s exposure to US dollar currency expressed in Canadian dollars was as follows:

(in C$)	December 31, 2014			December 31, 2013
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	75,224		$	38,901
Accounts receivable		1,942			11
Accrued revenue		624			226
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(4,494	)		(1,889	)
	$	73,296		$	37,248

An analysis of the Company’s sensitivity to foreign currency exchange rate movements is not provided in these financial statements as the Company’s US dollar cash holdings and expected US dollar revenues are sufficient to cover US dollar expenses for the foreseeable future.

10.	Supplementary information

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities is comprised of the following:

	December 31, 2014		December 31, 2013

Trade accounts payable	$	2,044	$	1,217
Research and development accruals		2,391		669
License fee accruals		250		-
Professional fee accruals		1,294		247
Deferred lease inducements		250		16
Payroll accruals		2,873		1,224
Other accrued liabilities		226		307
	$	9,328	$	3,680

11.	Interim financial data (unaudited)

		2014
		Q1			Q2			Q3			Q4		Total

Revenue		4,430			1,811			4,362			4,350			14,953

Loss from operations		(5,958	)		(9,423	)		(6,844	)		(10,747	)		(32,972	)

Net loss		(17,984	)		(6,081	)		(8,604	)		(6,168	)		(38,837	)

Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.91	)	$	(0.28	)	$	(0.39	)	$	(0.27	)	$	(1.80	)

		2013
		Q1			Q2			Q3			Q4		Total

Revenue		2,132			2,844			2,963			7,52			15,465

Loss from operations		(2,994	)		(3,071	)		(3,652	)		(2,435	)		(12,152	)

Net loss		(2,546	)		(3,015	)		(5,906	)		(2,596	)		(14,063	)

Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.18	)	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.41	)	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.92	)

12.	Subsequent events

Merger with OnCore Biopharma, Inc. (“OnCore”)

On January 11, 2015, the Company entered into a Merger Agreement to acquire 100% of the outstanding shares of OnCore, a privately owned US company focused on discovery, development and commercialization of an all-oral cure regimen for patients with HBV. The merger was approved by the Company’s shareholders on March 3, 2015 and consummated on March 4, 2015 by issuing 23,973,317 common shares of the Company. The results from the acquisition of the merger will be included in the statement of operations commencing March 4, 2015.

The transaction will be accounted for using the acquisition method based on ASC 805, Business Combinations, on the basis that Tekmira is the acquirer, which is based on managements’ analysis and the number of shares to be issued. Under the acquisition method, the consideration transferred is measured at the market price as at the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over the preliminary value assigned to the net assets acquired will be recorded as goodwill. Due to the timing of the acquisition of OnCore, the initial accounting for the business acquisition is incomplete as of the date of this report. The aggregate fair value of the consideration, assets acquired and liabilities assumed are our best estimates that are based upon certain valuations and analyses that have yet to be finalized and are subject to adjustments once the detailed analyses are completed. Certain of the common shares issued in consideration of the merger are subject to repurchase by the Company in specified circumstances under employment agreements with the holders.

The fair value of consideration to be transferred to acquire OnCore’s outstanding shares has been estimated to be approximately $381,942,000 , and has been attributed to the preliminary valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are as follows:

Consideration paid:
Common shares issued without subjects	$	371,553
Common shares issued subject to repurchase provision		9,262
Common shares issuable for OnCore stock options		1,127
	$	381,942

Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash	$	325
Prepaid expenses and other assets		125
Accounts receivable		7
Property and equipment		149
Acquired intangible assets from combined OnCore		393,192
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(3,182	)
Other noncurrent liabilities		(8,674	)
Total purchase price allocation	$	381,942

Item 9.

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2014, an evaluation of the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) was carried out by our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO). Based upon that evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that as of the end of that fiscal year, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the management of the registrant, including the CEO and CFO, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

It should be noted that while the CEO and CFO believe that our disclosure controls and procedures provide a reasonable level of assurance that they are effective, they do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived or operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.

Management’s Annual Report on internal control over financial reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance that all transactions are accurately recorded, that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our assets are safeguarded.

Management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2014. In making its assessment, management used the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Based on this assessment, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2014.

Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm

The Company is an “accelerated filer” within the meaning of Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act. The independent registered public accounting firm’s report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting are included in Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K and are incorporated herein by reference.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by the annual report, being the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures.

Item 9B.

Other Information

None.

PART III

Item 10.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the information contained under the sections captioned “Proposal One — Election of Directors,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” and “Corporate Governance” of the Proxy Statement. The information required by this item relating to executive officers is included in Part I, Item 1, “— Business-Executive Officers of the Registrant,” of this annual report on Form 10-K.

Item 11.

Executive Compensation

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the information contained under the sections captioned “Information about Executive Officer and Director Compensation,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Employment Arrangements” and “Compensation Committee Report” of the Proxy Statement.

Item 12.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the information contained under the sections captioned “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management,” “Information about Executive Officer and Director Compensation” and “Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans” of the Proxy Statement.

Item 13.

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the information contained under the sections captioned “Corporate Governance,” “Employment Arrangements” and “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” of the Proxy Statement.

Item 14.

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the information contained under the sections captioned “Corporate Governance,” “Principal Accountant Fees and Services” and “Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures” of the Proxy Statement.

PART IV

Item 15.

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

Financial Statements

See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 of Part II.

Financial Statement Schedules

None

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on March 13, 2015 .

	TEKMIRA PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION

	By:	/s/ Mark Murray
		Mark Murray
		President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 13, 2015.

Signatures		Capacity in Which Signed


/s/ Vivek Ramaswamy		Director (Chairman)
Vivek Ramaswamy

/s/ Mark Murray		President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
Mark Murray		(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Bruce Cousins		Executive Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer
Bruce Cousins		(Principal Financial Officer and Accounting Officer)

/s/ Herbert J. Conrad		Director
Herbert J. Conrad

/s/ Richard C. Henriques		Director
Richard C. Henriques

/s/ Frank Karbe		Director
Frank Karbe

/s/ Keith Manchester		Director
Keith Manchester

/s/ William T. Symonds		Chief Development Officer
William T. Symonds

Exhibit Number		Description

2.1*		Subscription Agreement, between the Company and Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., dated March 28, 2008 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011).

2.2*		Subscription Agreement, between the Company and Roche Finance Ltd., dated March 31, 2008 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011).

2.3*		Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated January 11, 2015, by and among Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation, TKM Acquisition Corporation and OnCore Biopharma, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on January 26, 2015).

3.1*		Notice of Articles and Articles of the Company (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011).

3.2*		Amendment to the Articles of the Company dated May 14, 2013 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 filed with the SEC on March 28, 2014).

3.3*		Governance Amendment to the Articles of the Company dated March 4, 2015, (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 4, 2015).

3.4*		Approval of Quorum Policy of the Company, adopted January 31, 2015 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 5, 2015).

4.1*		Governance Agreement between the Company and Roivant Sciences Ltd., a Bermuda exempted company, dated January 11, 2015 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on January 26, 2015).

10.1†*		Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Agreement, between the Company (formerly Inex Pharmaceuticals Corporation) and Hana Biosciences, Inc., effective as of May 27, 2009 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011).

10.2†*		Amended and Restated License Agreement, between Inex Pharmaceuticals Corporation and Hana Biosciences, Inc., dated April 30, 2007 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Amendment No. 1 to Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on January 31, 2012).

10.3†*		Sublicense Agreement, between Inex Pharmaceuticals Corporation and Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., dated January 8, 2007 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Amendment No. 1 to Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on January 31, 2012).

10.4†*		Amended and Restated License and Collaboration Agreement, between the Company and Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., effective as of May 30, 2008 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Registrant’s Amendment No. 1 to Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on January 31, 2012).

10.5†*		Amended and Restated Cross-License Agreement, between Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Protiva Biotherapeutics Inc., dated May 30, 2008 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Registrant’s Amendment No. 1 to Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on January 31, 2012).

10.6†*		License Agreement, between Inex Pharmaceuticals and Aradigm Corporation, dated December 8, 2004 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Registrant’s Amendment No. 1 to Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on January 31, 2012).

10.7†*		Settlement Agreement, between Sirna Therapeutics, Inc. and Merck & Co., Inc. and Protiva Biotherapeutics Inc. and Protiva Biotherapeutics (USA), Inc., effective as of October 9, 2007 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Registrant’s Amendment No. 1 to Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on January 31, 2012).

10.8†*		Development, Manufacturing and Supply Agreement, between the Company and Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., dated January 2, 2009 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the Registrant’s Amendment No. 1 to Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on January 31, 2012).

10.9†*#		Executive Employment Agreement with Ian Mortimer, dated March 26, 2008 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011).

10.10*#		Executive Employment Agreement with Ian MacLachlan, dated May 30, 2008 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011).

10.11*#		Executive Employment Agreement with Mark Murray, dated May 30, 2008 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011).

10.12*#		Executive Employment Agreement with Peter Lutwyche, dated January 1, 2009 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011).

10.13*#		Share Option Plan amended through May 12, 2009 (including form stock option agreements) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011).

10.14*		Lease Agreement with Canada Lands Company CLC Limited dated December 15, 1997, as amended (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.14 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011).

10.15*#		Form of Indemnity Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.15 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011).

10.16*		Award Contract with USASMDC/ARSTRAT effective date July 14, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.16 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011).

10.17†*		License Agreement between the University of British Columbia and Inex Pharmaceuticals Corporation executed on July 30, 2001 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.17 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011).

10.18†*		Amendment Agreement between the University of British Columbia and Inex Pharmaceuticals Corporation dated July 11, 2006 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.18 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011).

10.19†*		Second Amendment Agreement between the University of British Columbia and Inex Pharmaceuticals Corporation dated January 8, 2007 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.19 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011).

10.20†*		Consent Agreement of the University of British Columbia to Inex/Alnylam Sublicense Agreement dated January 8, 2007 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.20 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011).

10.21†*		Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated Agreement, between the Company (formerly Inex Pharmaceuticals Corporation) and Hana Biosciences, Inc., effective as of September 20, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.21 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on June 3, 2011).

10.22†*		License and Collaboration Agreement between the Company and Halo-Bio RNAi Therapeutics, Inc. as of August 24, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.22 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2011 filed with the SEC on March 27, 2012).

10.23*		Loan Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank dated as of December 21, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.23 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2011 filed with the SEC on March 27, 2012).

10.24*#		Employment Agreement with Paul Brennan dated August 24, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.24 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2011 filed with the SEC on March 27, 2012).

10.25*#		Tekmira 2011 Omnibus Share Compensation Plan approved by shareholders on June 22, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.25 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2011 filed with the SEC on March 27, 2012).

10.26†*

Settlement Agreement and General Release, by and among Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Protiva Biotherapeutics Inc., Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and AlCana Technologies, Inc., dated November 12, 2012 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.26 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012 filed with the SEC on March 27, 2013).

10.27†*		Cross-License Agreement by and among Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation and Protiva Biotherapeutics Inc., dated November 12, 2012(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.27 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012 filed with the SEC on March 27, 2013).

10.28†*		License Agreement by and among Protiva Biotherapeutics Inc. and Marina Biotech, Inc. dated November 28, 2012 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.28 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012 filed with the SEC on March 27, 2013).

10.29*#		Employment Agreement with Diane Gardiner dated March 1, 2013 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.29 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012 filed with the SEC on March 27, 2013).

10.30*#		Employment Agreement with Mark Kowalski dated August 12, 2013 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 filed with the SEC on March 28, 2014).

10.31*#		Employment Agreement with Bruce Cousins dated October 7, 2013 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 filed with the SEC on March 28, 2014).

10.32†*		Services Agreement by and among Protiva Biotherapeutics Inc., Protiva Agricultural Development Company Inc. and Monsanto Company dated January 12, 2014 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 filed with the SEC on March 28, 2014).

10.33†*		Option Agreement by and among Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Protiva Biotherapeutics Inc., Protiva Agricultural Development Company Inc. and Monsanto Canada Inc. dated January 12, 2014 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 filed with the SEC on March 28, 2014).

10.34†*		License and Services Agreement by and among Protiva Biotherapeutics Inc., Protiva Agricultural Development Company Inc. and Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation dated January 12, 2014 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 filed with the SEC on March 28, 2014).

10.35*		Forms of Lock-Up Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on January 26, 2015).

10.36*		Form of Registration Rights Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on January 26, 2015).

10.37*		Form of Standstill Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on January 26, 2015).

10.38*		Form of Representation Letter (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on January 26, 2015).

10.39**#		Executive Employment Agreement with Michael Abrams, dated November 14, 2013

10.40**#		Executive Employment Agreement with Kirk Rosemark, dated December 8, 2014

10.41**††		License Agreement, between Tekmira Pharmaceuticals and Protiva Biotherapeutics and Dicerna Pharmaceuticals dated November 16, 2014

10.42**††		Manufacturing and Clinical Trial Agreement between Tekmira Pharmaceuticals and Protiva Biotherapeutics and the Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford, dated December 18, 2014

10.43**		Modification Contract P0001, dated July 19, 2010, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.44**		Modification Contract P0002, dated April 15, 2011, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.45**		Modification Contract P0003, dated June 13, 2011, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.46**††		Modification Contract P0004, dated October 3, 2011, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.47**		Modification Contract P0005, dated December 2, 2011, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.48**		Modification Contract P0006, dated January 25, 2012, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.49**††		Modification Contract P0007, dated March 5, 2012, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.50**		Modification Contract P0008, dated April 23, 2012, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.51**		Modification Contract P0009, dated June 29, 2012, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.52**		Modification Contract P00010, dated July 16, 2012, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.53**		Modification Contract P00011, dated July 25, 2012, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.54**††		Modification Contract P00012, dated August 2, 2012, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.55**		Modification Contract P00013, dated August 27, 2012, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.56 **		Modification Contract P00014, dated August 31, 2012, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.57**		Modification Contract P00015, dated October 1, 2012, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.58**		Modification Contract P00016, dated October 2, 2012, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.59**		Modification Contract P00017, dated October 19, 2012, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.60**		Modification Contract P00018, dated December 31, 2012, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.61**		Modification Contract P00019, dated January 23, 2013, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.62 **		Modification Contract P00020, dated February 19, 2013, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.63 **		Modification Contract P00021, dated March 29, 2013, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.64**††		Modification Contract P00022, dated April 30, 2013, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.65**††		Modification Contract P00023, dated May 21, 2013, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.66 **		Modification Contract P00024, dated June 19, 2013, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.67**††		Modification Contract P00025, dated April 22, 2014, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.68**††		Modification Contract P00026, dated July 25, 2014, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.69**		Modification Contract P00027, dated July 25, 2014, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.70 **††		Modification Contract P00028, dated September 5, 2014, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.71 **		Modification Contract P00029, dated September 30, 2014, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.72**††		Modification Contract P00030, dated October 31, 2014, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.73**		Modification Contract P00031, dated November 17, 2014, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.74**††		Modification Contract P00032, dated March 4, 2015, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.75**††		Modification Contract P00033, dated March 4, 2015, to Award Contract, dated July 14, 2010 (Exhibit 10.16)

10.76**		Underwriting Agreement for 3,750,000 Common Shares with Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, dated October 17, 2013

10.77**		Underwriting Agreement for 2,125,000 Common Shares with Leerink Partners LLC, dated March 14, 2014

21.1**		List of Subsidiaries

23.1**		Consent of KPMG LLP, an Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

31.1**		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 or 15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2**		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 or 15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1**		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2**		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS**		XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH**		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL**		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF**		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB**		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE**		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

________________

* **	Previously filed Filed herewith
†	Confidential treatment granted as to portions of this exhibit.
†† #	Confidential treatment has been requested as to portions of this exhibit. Management Contract

Exhibit 10.76

EXECUTION COPY

3,750,000 Common Shares

TEKMIRA PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION

(incorporated under the Business Corporations Act ( B ritish C olum b ia))

UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

October 17, 2013

STIFEL, NICOLAUS & COMPANY, INCORPORATED

As Representative of the several Underwriters named in Schedule I hereto

One Montgomery Street, Suite 3700

San Francisco, California 94104

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation, a company incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the " Company "), proposes to sell to the several underwriters (the " Underwriters " ) named in Schedule I hereto for whom Stifel Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated is acting as representative (the " Representative " ), an aggregate of 3,750,000 common shares (the "Firm Share s " ) of the Company (the " Common Share s " ). The Company has also granted to the several Underwriters an option to purchase up to an aggregate of 562,500 additional Common Shares, on the terms and for the purposes set forth in Section 3 hereof (the " Option Shares " ). The Firm Shares and any Option Shares purchased pursuant to this Underwriting Agreement are herein collectively called the " Securities. "

The Company hereby confirms its agreement with respect to the sale of the Securities to the several Underwriters.

1. Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Company has prepared and filed with the securities regulatory authorities (the " Qualifying Authorities " ) in each of the provinces of Canada other than the Province of Quebec (the " Qualifying Jurisdictions " ) a preliminary short form base shelf prospectus dated January 4, 2013 (the " Canadian Preliminary Base Prospectus " ), and a final short form base shelf prospectus dated January 16, 2013, in respect of an aggregate of up to US$50,000,000 in certain securities of the Company, including Common Shares (collectively, the " Shelf Securities " ). The Company has selected the British Columbia Securities Commission (the "Reviewing Authority " ) as its principal regulator under the passport system procedures provided for under Multilateral Instrument 11-102 - Passport System and National Policy 11-202 - Process for Prospectus Reviews in Multiple Jurisdictions (collectively, the "Passport Syste m " ) in respect of the offering of the Shelf Securities. The Reviewing Authority has issued a Passport decision document under the Passport System evidencing that a receipt has been issued (a " Passport Decision Documen t " ) on behalf of itself and the other Qualifying Authorities for each of the Canadian Preliminary Base Prospectus and the Canadian Base Prospectus. The term " Canadian Base Prospectu s " means the final short form base shelf prospectus dated January 16, 2013 relating to the Shelf Securities, including any documents incorporated by reference therein and the documents otherwise deemed to be a part thereof or included therein pursuant to Canadian Securities Laws (as defined below), at the time the Reviewing Authority issued a Passport Decision Document with respect thereto in accordance with Canadian Securities Laws, including National

Instrument 44-101 - Short Form Prospectus Distributions and National Instrument 44-102 - Shelf Distributions (together, the "Canadian Shelf Procedure s " ). The Company has also prepared and filed with the Qualifying Authorities in accordance with the Canadian Shelf Procedures a preliminary prospectus supplement dated October 16, 2013 relating to the Securities, which excluded certain information (together with the Canadian Base Prospectus, and including any documents incorporated therein by reference and the documents otherwise deemed to be a part thereof or included therein pursuant to Canadian Securities Laws, the " Canadian Preliminary Prospectu s " ).

The Company has also prepared and filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commissio n " ) a registration statement on Form F-10 (File No. 333-185883) covering the registration of the Shelf Securities under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act" or "Act ' ) and the rules and regulations (the " Rules and Regulation s " ) of the Commission thereunder, and such amendments to such registration statement as may have been permitted or required to the date of this Agreement. Such registration statement, including the Canadian Base Prospectus (with such deletions therefrom and additions thereto as are permitted or required by Form F-10 and the Rules and Regulations) and including exhibits to such registration statement has become effective in such form pursuant to Rule 467(b) under the Securities Act. Such registration statement, at any given time, including amendments thereto to such time, the exhibits and any schedules thereto at such time and the documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 4 of Form F-10 under the Securities Act at such time, is herein called the " Registration Statement. " The Registration Statement at the time it originally became effective is herein called the " Original Registration Statement . " Any registration statement filed by the Company pursuant to General Instruction ILE of Form F-10 under the Securities Act is called the "Upsizing Registration Statemen t " and, from and after the date and time of filing of the Upsizing Registration Statement, the term " Registration Statement " shall include the Upsizing Registration Statement. The prospectus in the form in which it appeared in the Original Registration Statement is herein called the "U.S. Base Prospectus ." The preliminary prospectus supplement dated October 16, 2013 relating to the offering of the Securities, including all documents incorporated therein by reference, filed with the Commission pursuant to General Instruction ILL of Form F-10 under the Securities Act, together with the U.S. Base Prospectus, is hereinafter called a " U . S. Preliminary Prospectus . "

In addition, the Company (i) shall prepare and file with the Qualifying Authorities in accordance with Section 4(a) hereof a final prospectus supplement (the " Canadian Final Prospectus Supplemen t " ) to the Canadian Base Prospectus relating to the Securities, which includes the information omitted from the Canadian Preliminary Prospectus (together with the Canadian Base Prospectus, and including any documents incorporated therein by reference and the documents otherwise deemed to be a part thereof or included therein pursuant to Canadian Securities Laws, the " Canadian Final Prospectus " ), and (ii) shall prepare and file with the Commission pursuant to General Instruction ILL of Form F-10 and in accordance with Section 4(a) hereof a final prospectus supplement (the "U.S. Final Prospectus Supplement ") to the U.S. Base Prospectus relating to the offering of the Securities (including all documents incorporated therein by reference, together with the U.S. Base Prospectus, the " U.S. Final Prospectus " ). The U.S. Preliminary Prospectus and the Canadian Preliminary Prospectus are referred to herein as the " Preliminary Prospectuses , " and the U.S. Final Prospectus and the Canadian Final Prospectus are referred to herein as the " Final Prospectuses ." Any amendment to the Canadian Final Prospectus, any amended or supplemental prospectus, any management information circular, financial statement, management's discussion and analysis, annual information form, business acquisition report or material change report that may be filed by or on behalf of the Company under the securities laws of the Qualifying Jurisdictions prior to the expiry of the period of distribution of the Securities, where such document is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Canadian Final Prospectus, is referred to herein collectively as the " Supplementary Material ." Any reference herein to any "amendment" or "supplement" to the U.S. Preliminary Prospectus or the U.S. Final Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to

and include (i) the filing of any document with the Reviewing Authority or the Commission after the date of the U.S. Preliminary Prospectus or the U.S. Final Prospectus, as the case may be, and prior to the First Closing Date or the Second Closing Date, as applicable, which is incorporated therein by reference or is otherwise deemed to be a part thereof or included therein by the Rules and Regulations and (ii) any such document so filed prior to the First Closing Date or the Second Closing Date, as applicable.

The Underwriters shall offer the Securities for sale to the public directly and through other investment dealers and brokers in the Qualifying Jurisdictions and the United States only as permitted by applicable law and upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Preliminary Prospectuses and this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Underwriters represent and warrant that the Underwriters have a reasonable expectation that Securities offered for sale to the public will be sold primarily in the United States of America. The Underwriters agree that they will not, directly or indirectly, distribute the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectuses or the Final Prospectuses or publish any prospectus, circular, advertisement or other offering material in any jurisdiction other than the Qualifying Jurisdictions or such states of the United States in which the Securities are duly qualified under U.S. federal and applicable U.S. state securities laws, in such manner as to require registration of the Securities or the filing of a prospectus or any similar document with respect to the Securities by the Company therein or subject the Company to ongoing periodic reporting obligations in such jurisdiction pursuant to the securities laws of such jurisdiction. Sales of Securities in the Qualifying Jurisdictions may be made only by or through a dealer appropriately registered under applicable Canadian Securities Laws or in circumstances where an exemption from the Canadian registered dealer requirements is available, or such requirements do not apply.

The Company has also prepared and filed with the Commission an appointment of agent for service of process upon the Company on Form F-X in conjunction with the filing of the Registration Statement (the "Form F-X" ).

For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, any Upsizing Registration Statement, the U.S. Base Prospectus or the U.S. Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below) or the U.S. Final Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing, shall be deemed to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System ("EDGA R " ). For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Canadian Preliminary Base Prospectus, the Canadian Base Prospectus, the Canadian Preliminary Prospectus or the Canadian Final Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing (including any Supplementary Material), shall include the copy filed with the Qualifying Authorities pursuant to the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval ("SEDA R " ).

All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information which is "contained," "included" or "stated" in the Registration Statement, any Upsizing Registration Statement, the U.S. Base Prospectus, the U.S. Preliminary Prospectus or the U.S. Final Prospectus (or other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information which is incorporated by reference in or otherwise deemed by the Rules and Regulations to be a part of or included in the Registration Statement, any Upsizing Registration Statement, the U.S. Base Prospectus, the U.S. Preliminary Prospectus or the U.S. Final Prospectus, as the case may be; and all references in this Agreement to amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement, the U.S. Base Prospectus, the U.S. Preliminary Prospectus or the U.S. Final Prospectus shall be deemed to mean and include the filing of any document under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act" ), which is incorporated by reference in or otherwise deemed by Rules and Regulations to be a part of or included in the Registration Statement, the U.S. Base Prospectus, the U.S. Preliminary Prospectus or the U.S. Final Prospectus, as the case may be. All references in this Agreement to financial statements and other information which is "contained,"

"included" or "stated" in the Canadian Preliminary Base Prospectus, the Canadian Base Prospectus, the Canadian Preliminary Prospectus or the Canadian Final Prospectus (or other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and other information which is incorporated by reference in or otherwise deemed by Canadian Securities Laws to be a part of or included in the Canadian Preliminary Base Prospectus, the Canadian Base Prospectus, the Canadian Preliminary Prospectus or the Canadian Final Prospectus, as the case may be.

2. Representations and Warranties of the Company . The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, the several Underwriters as follows:

(a) The Company is a reporting issuer (or equivalent thereof) in each Qualifying Jurisdiction, is not in default under the securities laws of any Qualifying Jurisdiction, and is in compliance in all material respects with its timely disclosure obligations under the Exchange Act, the Canadian Securities Laws and the requirements of the Toronto Stock Exchange (the "TSX ' ) and the Nasdaq Global Market (" NASDAQ " ). The Company meets the general eligibility requirements for use of the Canadian Shelf Procedures and for the use of a short form base shelf prospectus with respect to a distribution of securities. The Company meets the general eligibility requirements for use of Form F-10 under the Securities Act. The Reviewing Authority has issued a Passport Decision Document on behalf of itself and the other Qualifying Authorities for each of the Canadian Preliminary Base Prospectus and the Canadian Base Prospectus; subsequent to the issuance of the Passport Decision Document for the Canadian Base Prospectus, no other document with respect to the Canadian Base Prospectus has heretofore been filed or transmitted for filing with the Qualifying Authorities, except for any document filed with the Qualifying Authorities subsequent to the date of such Passport Decision Document in the form heretofore delivered to the Representative.

(b) The Statutory Prospectus (as defined below) at the Time of Sale (as defined below) complies with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations in all material respects and does not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact req uired to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

(c) The Original Registration Statement initially became effective under the Securities Act on January 17, 2013 and any Upsizing Registration Statement has become effective or will become effective upon filing with the Commission. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement is in effect and no proceedings for such purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, are contemplated or threatened by the Commission. No order, ruling or determination having the effect of suspending the sale or ceasing the trading of any securities of the Company (including the Securities) has been issued or made by any Qualifying Authority, any other securities commission, stock exchange or other regulatory authority and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the Company's knowledge, are contemplated by any such authority. Any request on the part of the Commission, any Qualifying Authority or any other securities commission, stock exchange or other regulatory authority for additional information in connection with the offering contemplated hereby has been complied with.

(d) Each part of the Registration Statement, any Upsizing Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time such part became effective, at all other subsequent times until the expiration of the Prospectus Delivery Period (as defined below), and at the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date (as defined below), as the case may be, and the U.S. Final Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement to the U.S. Final Prospectus), at the time it is first filed in accordance with General Instruction ILL of Form F-10 or the time of first use within the meaning of the Rules and Regulations, at all subsequent times until expiration of the Prospectus Delivery Period, and at the First

Closing Date and the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, complied and will comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements and provisions of the Securities Act, the Rules and Regulations and the Exchange Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The representations and warranties set forth in the immediately preceding sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement, any Upsizing Registration Statement, or any post-effective amendment thereto, or the Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements thereto, made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information relating to an Underwriter furnished to the Company by the Representative specifically for use therein; it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Representative consists of the information described as such in Section 6(f).

At the time of filing thereof with the Qualifying Authorities and at the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date: (A) the Canadian Preliminary Prospectus and the Canadian Final Prospectus (and any further amendments or supplements thereto, including any Supplementary Material) complied and will comply in all material respects with the securities laws applicable in the Qualifying Jurisdictions and the respective rules and regulations made and forms prescribed under such laws together with applicable published policy statements (including, without limitation, the Canadian Shelf Procedures) and applicable notices of the Qualifying Authorities made in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (collectively, the " Canadian Securities Laws " ); and (B) the Canadian Preliminary Prospectus and the Canadian Final Prospectus (and any further amendments or supplements thereto, including any Supplementary Material) constituted and will constitute full, true and plain disclosure of all material facts relating to the Securities and the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and did not and will not contain a misrepresentation, as defined under Canadian Securities Laws, and did not and will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

The U.S. Preliminary Prospectus conformed and will conform to the Canadian Preliminary Prospectus and the U.S. Final Prospectus conformed and will conform to the Canadian Final Prospectus, in each case except for such deletions therefrom and additions thereto as are permitted or required by Form F-10 and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission.

(e) Neither (A) any Issuer General Free Writing Prospectus( es) issued at or prior to the Time of Sale and set forth on Schedule I I, the information set forth on Schedule III and the Statutory Prospectus at the Time of Sale, all considered together (collectively, the "Time of Sale Disclosure Packag e " ), nor (B) any individual Issuer Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus, when considered together with the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, includes or included as of the Time of Sale any untrue statement of a material fact or omit or omitted as of the Time of Sale to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The preceding sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Statutory Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Representative specifically for use therein; it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Representative consists of the information described as such in Section 6(f). As used in this paragraph and elsewhere in this Agreement:

(i) " Time of Sale " means 8:00 a.m. (New York time) on the date of this Agreement, or such other time as agreed to by the Company and the Representative.

(ii) " Statutory Prospectus " means the Base Prospectus, as amended and supplemented immediately prior to the Time of Sale, including any document incorporated by

reference therein and any prospectus supplement deemed to be a part thereof. For purposes of this definition, information contained in a form of prospectus filed in accordance with General Instruction ILL of Form F-10 shall be considered to be included in the Statutory Prospectus as of the actual time that form of prospectus is filed with the Commission under the Securities Act.

(iii) " Issuer Free Writing Prospectu s " means any "issuer free writing prospectus," as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act, relating to the Securities that (A) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, or (B) is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) under the Securities Act because it contains a description of the Securities or of the offering that does not reflect the final terms, or is a "bona fide electronic roadshow,'' as defined in Rule 433 of the Rules and Regulations, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company's records pursuant to Rule 433(g) under the Securities Act.

(iv) " Issuer General Free Writing Prospectu s " means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is intended for general distribution to prospective investors, as evidenced by its being specified in Schedule II hereto.

(v) " Issuer Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectu s " means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not an Issuer General Free Writing Prospectus.

(f) (A) Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date and at all subsequent times through the Prospectus Delivery Period or until any earlier date that the Company notified or notifies the Underwriters as described in Section 4(c)(B), did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, any Statutory Prospectus or the Prospectus. The foregoing sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information furnished in writing to the Company by the Representative specifically for use therein; it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Representative consists of the information described as such in Section 6(f).

(B)(l) At the earliest time after the filing of the Registration Statement that the Company or another offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the Securities Act) of the Securities and (2) at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an "ineligible issuer," as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, in the preceding three years not having been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor or having been made the subject of a judicial or administrative decree or order as described in Rule 405 (without taking account of any determination by the Commission pursuant to Rule 405 that it is not necessary that the Company be considered an ineligible issuer), nor an "excluded issuer" as defined in Rule 164 under the Securities Act.

(C) Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus satisfied, as of its issue date and at all subsequent times through the Prospectus Delivery Period, all other conditions to use thereof as set forth in Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act.

(g) The U.S. Preliminary Prospectus and the U.S. Final Prospectus delivered or to be delivered to the Underwriters for use in connection with this offering was or will be substantially identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T. The Canadian Preliminary Prospectus and the Canadian Final Prospectus delivered or to be delivered to the Underwriters for use in connection with this offering was or will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed by the Company with the Qualifying Authorities pursuant to SEDAR.

(h) The financial statements of the Company, together with the related notes, set forth or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and fairly present the financial condition of the Company as of the dates indicated and the results of operations and changes in cash flows for the periods therein specified in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles used in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP "), consistently applied throughout the periods involved; and the supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement, if any, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses have been derived from the accounting records of the Company and present fairly the information required to be stated therein. No other schedules or financial statements are required to be included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package or the Final Prospectuses. To the Company's knowledge, KPMG LLP, which has expressed its opinion with respect to the financial statements filed as a part of the Registration Statement and included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses, are independent public accountants as required by the Securities Act, the Rules and Regulations and Canadian Securities Laws, are in good standing with the Canadian Public Accountability Board and are independent with respect to the Company within the meaning of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the " Sarbanes-Oxley Act " ) for the periods required under General Instruction III.B. of Form F-10, and are also independent with respect to the Company as req uired by the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia), applicable Canadian Securities Laws and applicable Canadian professional standards. There has not been a "reportable event" (within the meaning of Section 4.11 of National Instrument 51-102 - Continuous Disclosure Obligations) between KPMG LLP and the Company. Except as described in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses, there are no material off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations), or any other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons, that may have a material current or, to the Company's knowledge, future effect on the Company's financial condition, changes in financial condition or results of operations. All non-GAAP financial information included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses complies in all material respects with the requirements of Regulation G under the Securities Act and the published policies of the Canadian securities regulatory authorities regarding the use of non-GAAP financial information.

(i) The Company has been duly incorporated and validly exists as a company in good standing under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia). The Company has full corporate power and authority to own its properties and conduct its business as currently being conducted and as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses, and is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the failure to so qualify might result in a material adverse change in the general affairs, condition (financial or otherwise), business, prospects, property, operations or results of operations of the Company ("Material Adverse Chang e " ).

(j) Protiva Biotherapeutics Inc. and Protiva Biotherapeutics (USA), Inc. (the " Subsidiaries " ), are wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, have been duly incorporated and are validly existing as a corporations in good standing under the laws of their jurisdictions of incorporation, have the corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate their properties and to conduct their business as described in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses and are duly qualified to transact business and are in good standing in each jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except where the failure so to qualify or to be in good standing could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. All of the issued and outstanding shares in the capital of each Subsidiary have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable and are owned by the Company, directly or through subsidiaries, free and clear of any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien,

encumbrance, claim or equity, except for any security interests, mortgages, pledges, liens, encumbrances, claims or equities that are described in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses; none of the outstanding shares in the capital of the Subsidiaries was issued in violation of preemptive or other similar rights of any shareholder of such Subsidiaries. Other than Protiva Biotherapeutics Inc. and Protiva Biotherapeutics (USA), Inc., the Company, directly or indirectly, owns no capital stock or other equity or ownership or proprietary interest in any corporation, partnership, association, trust or other entity.

(k) Except as contemplated in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses, subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, (a) the Company has not incurred any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent, or entered into any material transactions, or declared or paid any dividends or made any distribution of any kind with respect to its capital stock; and (b) there has not been any change in the capital stock (other than a change in the number of outstanding Common Shares due to the issuance of equity compensation awards under the Company's equity compensation plans or shares upon the exercise of outstanding options or warrants), or any material change in the short term or long term debt, or any issuance of options, warrants, convertible securities or other rights to purchase the capital stock, of the Company (other than issuances of equity compensation awards under the Company's equity compensation plans), or any Material Adverse Change or any development that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.

(l) Except as set forth in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses, there is not pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened or contemplated, any action, suit or proceeding to which the Company is a party or of which any property or assets of the Company is the subject before or by any court or governmental agency, authority or body, or any arbitrator, which, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to result in any Material Adverse Change. There are no current or pending legal, governmental or regulatory actions, suits or proceedings that are required to be described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses that have not been so described.

(m) There are no material statutes, regulations, contracts or documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement by the Securities Act or by the Rules and Regulations that have not been so described or filed.

(n) This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company, and constitutes a valid, legal and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as rights to indemnity hereunder may be limited by federal, state or provincial securities laws and except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally and subject to general principles of equity. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions herein contemplated will not (A) conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or the Subsidiaries pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or such Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or such Subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or the Subsidiaries is subject, (B) result in any violation of the provisions of the charter, articles of incorporation or by-laws of the Company or the Subsidiaries or (C) result in the violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental agency or regulatory authority, except, in the case of clause (A), any lien, charge, encumbrance, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other

agreement or instrument that, would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change and except in the case of (C) above, could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. No consent, approval, authorization or order of, or filing with, any court or governmental agency or body is required for the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement or for the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, including the issuance or sale of the Securities by the Company, except such as may be required under the Securities Act, the rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINR A " ), the NASDAQ, the TSX or state or provincial securities or blue sky laws; and the Company has full power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby including the authorization, issuance and sale of the Securities as contemplated by this Agreement.

(o) All of the issued and outstanding shares in the capital of the Company, including the outstanding Common Shares, are duly authorized and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all Canadian and, to the extent applicable, U.S. securities laws, were not issued in violation of or subject to any preemptive rights or other rights to subscribe for or purchase securities that have not been waived in writing; the Securities which may be sold hereunder by the Company have been duly authorized and, when issued, delivered and paid for in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, will have been validly issued and will be fully paid and nonassessable; and the authorized share capital of the Company, including the Common Shares, conforms to the description thereof in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses. Except as otherwise described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses, there are no preemptive rights or other rights to subscribe for or to purchase, or any restriction upon the voting or transfer of, any Common Shares pursuant to the Company's charter, by laws or any agreement or other instrument to which the Company is a party or by which the Company is bound, other than options to purchase Common Shares under the Company's existing stock option plans. Except as described in the Registration Statement, in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and in the Final Prospectuses, neither the filing of the Registration Statement nor the offering or sale of the Securities as contemplated by this Agreement gives rise to any rights for or relating to the registration of any Common Shares or other securities of the Company that have not been fully complied with or previously waived. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses, there are no options, warrants, agreements, contracts or other rights in existence to purchase or acquire from the Company any shares in the capital of the Company. The Company has an authorized and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses. The description of the Company's stock option, stock bonus and other stock plans or arrangements, and the options or other rights granted thereunder, set forth in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses accurately and fairly presents in all material respects the information required to be shown with respect to such plans, arrangements, options and rights. Except as set forth in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Company is not a participant in any joint venture, partnership or similar arrangement.

(p) The Company holds, and is operating in compliance in all material respects with, all franchises, grants, authorizations, licenses, permits, easements, consents, certificates and orders of any Governmental Authority or self-regulatory body required for the conduct of its business, and all such franchises, grants, authorizations, licenses, permits, easements, consents, certifications and orders are valid and in full force and effect; and the Company has not received notice of any revocation or modification of any such franchise, grant, authorization, license, permit, easement, consent, certification or order or has reason to believe that any such franchise, grant, authorization, license, permit, easement, consent, certification or order will not be renewed in the ordinary course; and the Company is in compliance in all material respects with all applicable U.S. and Canadian federal, provincial, state, local and foreign laws, regulations, orders and decrees.

(q) The Company has good and marketable title to all property (whether real or personal) described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses as being owned by them, in each case free and clear of all liens, claims, security interests, other encumbrances or defects except as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses, and except those that could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. The property held under lease by the Company is held by it under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with only such exceptions with respect to any particular lease as do not interfere in any material respect with the conduct of the business of the Company.

(r) The Company owns, possesses, or can acquire on reasonable terms, all Intellectual Property (as defined below) necessary for the conduct of its business as now conducted or as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses to be conducted. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses, (A) to the knowledge of the Company, there is no infringement, misappropriation or violation by third parties of any such Intellectual Property, except for such infringements, misappropriations or violations that could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change; (B) there is no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the Company's rights in or to any such Intellectual Property, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim; (C) the Intellectual Property owned by the Company, and to the knowledge of the Company, the Intellectual Property licensed to the Company, have not been adjudged invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, and there is no pending or threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the validity or scope of any such Intellectual Property, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim; (D) there is no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others that the Company infringes, misappropriates or otherwise violates any Intellectual Property or other proprietary rights of others, and the Company has not received any written notice of such claim and the Company is unaware of any other fact which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim; and (E) to the knowledge of the Company, no employee of the Company is in or has ever been in violation of any term of any employment contract, patent disclosure agreement, invention assignment agreement, non-competition agreement, non-solicitation agreement, nondisclosure agreement or any restrictive covenant to or with a former employer where the basis of such violation relates to such employee's employment with the Company or actions undertaken by the employee while employed with the Company, except for such violations that could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. "Intellectual Property " shall mean all patents, patent applications, trade and service marks, trade and service mark registrations, trade names, copyrights, licenses, inventions, trade secrets and other intellectual property.

(s) The Company is not (A) in violation of its articles of incorporation or by Jaws; (B) in breach of or otherwise in default, and no event has occurred which, with notice or lapse ohime or both, would constitute such a default in the performance or observance of any term, covenant, obligation, agreement or condition contained in any bond, debenture, note, indenture, loan agreement, mortgage, deed of trust or any other contract, lease or other instrument to which it is subject or by which it may be bound, or to which any of the material property or assets of the Company is subject; or (C) in violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, except in the case of (B) and (C) above, as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.

(t) The Company has timely filed all United States federal, Canadian federal, state, provincial, local and foreign income and franchise tax returns required to be filed and is not in default in

the payment of any material taxes which was payable pursuant to said returns or any assessments with respect thereto, other than any which the Company is contesting in good faith. There is no pending dispute with any taxing authority relating to any of such returns and the Company has no knowledge of any proposed liability for any tax to be imposed upon the properties or assets of the Company for which there is not an adequate reserve reflected in the Company's financial statements included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses.

(u) The Company, directly or indirectly, owns no capital stock or other equity or ownership or proprietary interest in any corporation, partnership, association, trust or other entity, other than the Subsidiaries and other than as disclosed in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package.

(v) The Company has not distributed and will not distribute any prospectus or other offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities other than the Time of Sale Disclosure Package or the Final Prospectuses or other materials permitted by the Securities Act to be distributed by the Company; provided, however, that, except as set forth on Schedule I I, the Company has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute a "free writing prospectus" as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, except in accordance with the provisions of Section 4(o) of this Agreement.

(w) The Common Shares of the Company are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, are listed on the NASDAQ under the ticker symbol " TKMR ," and are listed on the TSX under the symbol " TKM ". The Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Shares under the Exchange Act or delisting the Common Shares from the NASDAQ or the TSX nor has the Company received any written notice that it is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of the NASDAQ or the TSX. The Company believes that it is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in material compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package or the Final Prospectuses, there are no affiliations among the Company's directors and officers and members of the FINRA other than as disclosed to the FINRA. A Registration Statement relating to the Common Shares on Form 8-A or other applicable form under the Exchange Act has become effective.

(x) The Company maintains a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (A) transactions are executed in accordance with management's general or specific authorization; (B) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, and to maintain accountability for assets; (C) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management's general or specific authorization; and (D) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company's internal control over financial reporting is effective and none of the Company, its board of directors and audit committee is aware of any "significant deficiencies" or "material weaknesses" (each as defined by the rules adopted by the Commission) in its internal control over financial reporting, or any fraud that involves management or other employees of the Company who have a significant role in the Company's internal controls; and since the end of the latest audited fiscal year, there has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting. The Company's board of directors has, subject to the exceptions, cure periods and the phase in periods specified in the applicable stock exchange rules ("Exchange Rules"), validly appointed an audit committee to oversee internal accounting controls whose composition satisfies the applicable independence and other requirements of the Exchange Rules and Canadian Securities Laws, and the Company's board of directors and/or the audit committee has adopted a charter that satisfies the requirements of the Exchange Rules and Canadian Securities Laws.

(y) The Company and its Subsidiaries maintain disclosure controls and procedures as required by Rule l 3a-15 or Rule 1Sd-15 under the Exchange Act and as contemplated by the certifications required under Form 52-109F1 and Form 52-109F2 under Multilateral Instrument 52-109 - Certification of Disclosures in Issuer's Annual and Interim Filings; such controls and procedures are effective to ensure that all material information concerning the Company and any of its Subsidiaries is made known, on a timely basis, to the individuals responsible for the preparation of the Company's filings with the Commission and the Qualifying Authorities. The Company has utilized such controls and procedures in preparing and evaluating the disclosures in the Registration Statement, in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and in the Final Prospectuses. Neither the Company's board of directors nor the audit committee has been informed, nor is any director of the Company or the Company aware, of (A) any significant deficiencies in the design or operation of the Company's internal controls which could adversely affect the Company's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data or any material weakness in the Company's internal controls; or (B) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees of the Company who have a significant role in the Company's internal controls.

(z) No material relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders, customers or suppliers of the Company, on the other hand, which is required to be described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses which is not so described. The Company has not, directly or indirectly, extended or maintained credit, or arranged for the extension of credit, or renewed an extension of credit, in the form of a personal loan to or for any of its directors or executive officers in violation of applicable laws, including Section 402 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

(aa) Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses, the Company: (A) is and at all times has been in compliance with all applicable U.S., Canadian and foreign statutes, rules, regulations, or guidances applicable to Company and the ownership, testing, development, manufacture, packaging, processing, use, distribution, marketing, labeling, promotion, sale, offer for sale, storage, import, export or disposal of any product manufactured or distributed by the Company, except where such noncompliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change ("Applicable Law s " ); (B) has not received any warning letter, untitled letter or other correspondence or written notice from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or any other U.S. or Canadian federal, state, provincial or foreign governmental authority having authority over the Company ("Governmental Authority " ) alleging or asserting noncompl iance with any Applicable Laws or any licenses, certificates, approvals, clearances, authorizations, permits and supplements or amendments thereto required by any such Applicable Laws ("Authorizations " ); (C) possesses all Authorizations and such Authorizations are valid and in full force and effect and are not in violation of any term of any such Authorizations, except as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change; (D) has not received written notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from any Governmental Authority or third party alleging that any product operation or activity is in violation of any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and have no knowledge that any such Governmental Authority or third party is considering any such claim, litigation, arbitration, action, suit, investigation or proceeding; (E) has not received written notice that any Governmental Authority has taken, is taking or intends to take action to limit, suspend, modify or revoke any Authorizations and the Company has no knowledge that any such Governmental Authority is considering such action; and (F) has filed, obtained, maintained or submitted all material reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and that all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were complete and correct in all material respects on the date filed (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission).

( bb) The studies, tests and preclinical and clinical trials conducted by or on behalf of the Company were and, if still pending, are, being conducted in accordance with experimental protocols, procedures and controls pursuant to accepted professional scientific standards and all Applicable Laws and Authorizations; the descriptions of the results of such studies, tests and trials contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses are accurate and complete and fairly present the data derived from such studies, tests and trials; except to the extent disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses, the Company is not aware of any studies, tests or trials the results of which the Company believes reasonably call into question the study, test, or trial results described or referred to in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses when viewed in the context in which such results are described and the clinical state of development; and the Company has not received any notices or correspondence from any Governmental Authority requiring the termination, suspension or material modification of any current or active studies, tests or preclinical or clinical trials conducted by or on behalf of the Company.

(cc) The Company (A) is in compliance with any and all applicable United States and Canadian federal, state, provincial, local and foreign laws, rules, regulations, decisions and orders relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (collectively, " Environmental Laws "); (B) has received and are in material compliance with all permits, licenses or other approvals required of it under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct its business; and (C) has not received notice of any actual or potential liability for the investigation or remediation of any disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants, except in any such case for any such failure to comply, or failure to receive required permits, licenses or approvals, or liability as would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change.

(dd) The documents filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or otherwise incorporated by reference in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and in the Final Prospectuses, when they became effective or were filed with the Commission or the Qualifying Authorities, as the case may be, conformed in all material respects to all applicable requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act and all applicable requirements of Canadian Securities Laws, as the case may be, and were filed on a timely basis with the Commission and with the Qualifying Authorities, as the case may be, and none of such documents contained an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package or in the Final Prospectuses, when such documents are filed with the Commission or the Qualifying Authorities, as the case may be, will conform in all material respects to all applicable requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act and all applicable requirements of Canadian Securities Laws, as the case may be, and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

Each document filed or to be filed with the Qualifying Authorities and incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Canadian Base Prospectus, the Canadian Preliminary Prospectus and the Canadian Final Prospectus complied or will comply when so filed and at the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, in all material respects with Canadian Securities Laws, and did not or will not contain a misrepresentation as defined under Canadian Securities Laws, and none of such documents contained or will contain at the time of its filing and at the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or will omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the

statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were or are made, not misleading.

(ee) The Company (A) is in compliance, in all material respects, with any and all applicable United States and Canadian federal, state, province, local and foreign laws, rules, regulations, treaties, statutes and codes promulgated by any and all governmental authorities (including pursuant to the Occupational Health and Safety Act, if applicable) relating to the protection of human health and safety in the workplace (" Occupational Law s " ); (B) has received all material permits, licenses or other approvals required of it under applicable Occupational Laws to conduct its business as currently conducted; and (C) is in compliance, in all material respects, with all terms and conditions of such permit, license or approval. No action, proceeding, revocation proceeding, writ, injunction or claim is pending or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened against the Company relating to Occupational Laws, and the Company does not have knowledge of any facts, circumstances or developments relating to its operations or cost accounting practices that could reasonably be expected to form the basis for or give rise to such actions, suits, investigations or proceedings. Each employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (" ERISA " ), that is maintained, administered or contributed to by the Company, or any of its affiliates for employees or former employees of the Company and has been maintained in material compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to, ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the " Code " ). No prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred with respect to any such plan excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption; and for each such plan that is subject to the funding rules of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, no "accumulated funding deficiency" as defined in Section 412 of the Code has been incurred, whether or not waived, and the fair market value of the assets of each such plan (excluding for these purposes accrued but unpaid contributions) exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued under such plan determined using reasonable actuarial assumptions.

(ff) Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses, the Company has not granted rights to develop, manufacture, produce, assemble, distribute, license, market or sell its products to any other person and is not bound by any agreement that affects the Company's exclusive right to develop, manufacture, produce, assemble, distribute, license, market or sell its products.

(gg) Nothing has come to the attention of the Company that has caused the Company to believe that the statistical and market-related data included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses is not based on or derived from sources that are reliable and accurate in all material respects.

(h h) Other than as contemplated by this Agreement, the Company has not incurred any liability for any finder's or broker's fee or agent's commission in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

(ii) The Company is not presently doing business with the government of Cuba or with any person or affiliate located in Cuba.

(jj) The Company carries, or is covered by, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as is adequate for the conduct of its business and the value of its properties and as is customary for companies engaged in similar businesses in similar industries; and the Company has not (A) received written notice from any insurer or agent of such insurer that capital improvements or other expenditures are required or necessary to be made in order to continue such insurance or (B) reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage at reasonable cost from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business. All such insurance is outstanding and duly in force on the date hereof.

(kk) No labor problem or dispute with the employees of the Company exists nor, to the best knowledge of the Company, is threatened or imminent except as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.

(11) Neither the Company, nor, to the best knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company has (A) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (B) made any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official or employee from corporate funds; (C) violated or is in violation of any provision of the Canadian Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act or the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977; or (D) made any bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment.

(mm) The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering, the sale of the Securities and the intended use of proceeds of the offering, will not be registered or required to register as an "investment company," as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(nn) Except as described in the Final Prospectuses or otherwise obtained by the Company, no approval of the shareholders of the Company is required for the Company to issue and deliver to the Underwriters the Securities, including such as may be required pursuant to the rules and regulations of any trading market.

(oo) The Company 1s m compliance in all material respects with all applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

(pp) The Company and its board of directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company's articles of incorporation or by-laws, the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) or other applicable Canadian laws that is or could reasonably be expected to become applicable to any of the Underwriters as a result of the Underwriters and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Agreement, including, without limitation, the Company's issuance of the Securities and the Underwriters' ownership of the Securities.

3. Purchase, Sale and Delivery of Securities.

(a) On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, but subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company agrees to issue and sell the Firm Shares to the several Underwriters, and each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company the number of Firm Shares set opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule I hereto, subject to adjustments in accordance with Section 9 hereof. The purchase price for each Firm Share shall be US$7.52 per share.

The Firm Shares will be delivered by the Company to the Representative for the accounts of the several Underwriters against payment of the purchase price therefor by wire transfer of same day funds payable to the order of the Company at the offices of Goodwin Procter LLP, The New York Times Building, 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York, or such other location as may be mutually acceptable, at 10:00 a.m. Eastern time on the third (or if the Firm Shares are priced, as contemplated by Rule 15c6-1(c) under the Exchange Act, after 4:30 p.m. Eastern time, the fourth) full business day following the date hereof, or at such other time and date as the Representative and the Company determine pursuant to Rule 15c6-1(a) under the Exchange Act, such time and date of delivery being herein referred to as the " First Closing Date . " If the Representative so elects, delivery of the Firm Shares

may be made by credit through full fast transfer to the accounts at The Depository Trust Company designated by the Representative, or through CDS Clearing and Depository Services Inc.

(b) On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, but subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company hereby grants to the several Underwriters an option to purchase all or any portion of the Option Shares to be sold by the Company hereunder, at the same purchase price as the Firm Shares, for use solely in covering any over-allotments made by the Underwriters in the sale and distribution of the Firm Shares. The option granted hereunder may be exercised in whole or in part at any time and from time to time within 30 days after the effective date of this Agreement upon notice (confirmed in writing) by the Representative to the Company setting forth the aggregate number of Option Shares as to which the several Underwriters are exercising the option, the names and denominations in which the certificates for the Option Shares are to be registered and the date and time, as determined by the Representative, when the Option Shares are to be delivered, such time and date being herein referred to as the " Second Closing " and " Second Closing Date ", respectively; provided, however, that the Second Closing Date shall not be earlier than the First Closing Date nor earlier than the second business day after the date on which the option shall have been exercised. The number of Option Shares to be purchased by each Underwriter shall be the same percentage of the total number of Option Shares to be purchased by the several Underwriters as the number of Firm Shares to be purchased by such Underwriter is of the total number of Firm Shares to be purchased by the several Underwriters, as adjusted by the Representative in such manner as the Representative deems advisable to avoid fractional shares. No Option Shares shall be sold and delivered unless the Firm Shares previously have been, or simultaneously are, sold and delivered.

The Option Shares will be delivered by the Company to the Representative against payment of the purchase price therefor by wire transfer of same day funds payable to the order of the Company at the offices of Goodwin Procter LLP, The New York Times Building, 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York, or such other location as may be mutually acceptable, at l 0:00 a.m. Eastern time, on the Second Closing Date. If the Representative so elects, delivery of the Option Shares may be made by credit through full fast transfer to the accounts at The Depository Trust Company designated by the Representative, or through CDS Clearing and Depository Services Inc.

follows:

4.	Covenants. The Company covenants and agrees with the several Underwriters as

(a) During the period beginning on the date hereof and ending on the later of the Second Closing Date and such date, as in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters, the Final Prospectuses are no longer required by law to be delivered (assuming the absence of Rule 172 under the Securities Act), in connection with sales by an Underwriter (the " Prospectus Delivery Period'' ), prior to amending or supplementing the Registration Statement, including any Upsizing Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package or the Final Prospectuses, the Company shall furnish to the Underwriters for review a copy of each such proposed amendment or supplement, and the Company shall not file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which the Representative or counsel to the Underwriters reasonably object. Subject to this Section 4(a) , immediately following execution of this Agreement, the Company will prepare the Canadian Final Prospectus Supplement in accordance with the Canadian Shelf Procedures and the U.S. Final Prospectus Supplement, consisting of the Canadian Final Prospectus Supplement with such deletions therefrom and additions thereto as are permitted or required by Form F-10 and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission, in each case in a form reasonably approved by the Representative, and will file (i) the Canadian Final Prospectus Supplement with the Qualifying Authorities pursuant to the Canadian Shelf Procedures as soon as possible but not later than 8:00 a.m. (British Columbia time) on October 17, 2013, and (ii) the U.S. Final Prospectus Supplement with the Commission pursuant to General Instruction ILL of Form F-10 as soon as possible

and in any event within one business day of the filing of the Canadian Final Prospectus Supplement with the Qualifying Authorities.

(b) The Company will advise the Representative, promptly after· it shall receive written notice of the issuance by the Commission or any of the Qualifying Authorities of any stop order or cease trade order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, or any post-effective amendment thereto, or preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectuses or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, of the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose; and the Company will promptly use its best efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or cease trade order or to obtain its withdrawal if such a stop order or cease trade order should be issued. Additionally, the Company will notify the Representative promptly, and confirm the notice as applicable, (1) when the Canadian Final Prospectus Supplement shall have been filed with the Qualifying Authorities pursuant to the Canadian Shelf Procedures, (2) when the U.S. Final Prospectus Supplement shall have been filed with the Commission pursuant to General Instruction ILL of Form F-10, (3) prior to the termination of the offering of the Securities, of any request by the Qualifying Authorities to amend or supplement, as applicable, the Canadian Base Prospectus, the Canadian Final Prospectus or any document incorporated by reference therein or for additional information or of any request by the Commission to amend the Registration Statement or to amend or supplement, as applicable, the U.S. Base Prospectus, the U.S. Final Prospectus or any document incorporated by reference therein or for additional information, (4) of the time when, prior to the termination of the offering of the Securities, any amendment or supplement, as applicable, to the Canadian Base Prospectus or any document incorporated by reference therein has been filed with or receipted by the Reviewing Authority, or of the filing with, or mailing or the delivery to, the Commission for filing of any amendment of the Registration Statement or supplement to the U.S. Base Prospectus.

(c) (A) During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will comply as far as it is able with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as now and hereafter amended, and by the Rules and Regulations, as from time to time in force, by the Exchange Act and by Canadian Securities Laws so far as necessary to permit the continuance of sales of or dealings in the Securities as contemplated by the provisions hereof, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses. If during such period any event shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which the Final Prospectuses (or if the Final Prospectuses are not yet available to prospective purchasers, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package) would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then existing, not misleading, or if during such period it is necessary to amend the Registration Statement or supplement the Final Prospectuses (or, if the Final Prospectuses are not yet available to prospective purchasers, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package) to comply with the Securities Act or to file under the Exchange Act or under Canadian Securities Laws any document which would be deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Final Prospectuses in order to comply with the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or Canadian Securities Laws, the Company will promptly notify the Representative and will amend the Registration Statement or supplement the Final Prospectuses (or, if the Final Prospectuses are not yet available to prospective purchasers, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package) or file such document (at the expense of the Company) so as to correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance.

(B) If, at any time following issuance of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus conflicted or would conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, any Statutory Prospectus or the Final Prospectuses relating to the Securities or included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances prevailing at that subsequent time, not misleading,

the Company promptly will notify the Representative and will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict, untrue statement or omission.

(d) The Company shall take or cause to be taken all necessary action to qualify the Securities for sale under the securities laws of the Qualifying Jurisdictions and to continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Securities, except that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith to qualify as a foreign corporation or to execute a general consent to service of process in any state.

(e) The Company will furnish or make available to the Underwriters, at the Company's expense, copies of the Registration Statement (which will include a manually signed copy of the Registration Statement and all consents and exhibits filed therewith upon reasonable request), and to the Underwriters and any dealer each Preliminary Prospectus, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectuses, the Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and all amendments and supplements to such documents, in each case as soon as available and in such quantities as the Representative may from time to time reasonably request.

(f) The Company will make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 15 months after the end of the Company's current fiscal quarter, an earnings statement (which need not be audited) covering a 12-month period that shall satisfy the provisions of Section 1l(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 of the Rules and Regulations.

(g) The Company, whether or not the transactions contemplated hereunder are consummated or this Agreement is prevented from becoming effective under the provisions of Section 8(a) hereof or is otherwise terminated, will pay or cause to be paid (A) all expenses (including transfer taxes allocated to the respective transferees) incurred in connection with the delivery to the Underwriters of the Securities, (B) all expenses and fees (including, without limitation, fees and expenses of the Company's accountants and counsel) in connection with the preparation, printing, filing, delivery, and shipping of the Registration Statement (including the financial statements therein and all amendments, schedules, and exhibits thereto), the Securities, each Preliminary Prospectus, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectuses, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, and the printing, delivery, and shipping of this Agreement and other underwriting documents, including Blue Sky Memoranda (covering the states and other applicable jurisdictions), (C) all reasonable and documented filing fees and reasonable fees and disbursements of the Underwriters' counsel incurred in connection with the qualification of the Securities for offering and sale by the Underwriters or by dealers under the securities or blue sky laws of the states and other jurisdictions which the Representative shall designate, (0) the fees and expenses of any transfer agent or registrar, (E) the reasonable and documented filing fees and fees and disbursements of Underwriters' counsel incident to any required review and approval by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Securities, (F) listing fees, if any, (G) the costs and expenses of the Company relating to investor presentations or any "roadshow" undertaken in connection with the marketing of the Securities, and (H) all other costs and expenses of the Company incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder that are not otherwise specifically provided for herein. Except as provided in this Section 4(g), the Underwriters shall pay their own expenses, including the fees and disbursements of their counsel. If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 8(a) hereof or if the sale of the Securities provided for herein is not consummated by reason of action by the Company pursuant to Section 9 hereof which prevents this Agreement from becoming effective, or by reason of any failure, refusal or inability on the part of the Company to perform any agreement on its part to be performed, or because any other condition of the Underwriters' obligations hereunder required to be fulfilled by the Company is not fulfilled, the Company will reimburse the

Underwriters for all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket disbursements (including reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel, printing expenses, travel expenses, postage, facsimile and telephone charges) incurred by the Underwriters in connection with their investigation, preparing to market and marketing the Securities or in contemplation of performing their obligations hereunder. The Company shall not in any event be liable to the Underwriters for loss of any anticipated profits from the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

(h) The Company intends to apply the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities to be sold by it hereunder for the purposes set forth in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and in the Final Prospectuses.

(i) The Company will not, without the prior written consent of the Representative, from the date of execution of this Agreement and continuing to and including the date 90 days after the date of the Final Prospectuses (the "Lock-Up Period'' ), (A) offer, pledge, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any Common Shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Shares or (B) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common Shares, whether any such transaction described in clause (A) or (B) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Shares or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, except for (A) sales of the Securities to the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement, (B) grants of options or the issuance of Common Shares by the Company pursuant to equity incentive plans described in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, or (C) issuance of shares upon exercise or conversion of securities outstanding as of the date hereof. The Company agrees not to accelerate the vesting of any option or warrant or the lapse of any repurchase right prior to the expiration of the Lock Up Period. If (1) during the last 17 days of the Lock-Up Period, (a) the Company issues an earnings release, (b) the Company publicly announces material news or (c) a material event relating to the Company occurs; or (2) prior to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period, the Company announces that it will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the Lock-Up Period, then the restrictions in this Agreement, unless otherwise waived by the Representative in writing, shall continue to apply until the expiration of the date that is 18 calendar days after the date on which (a) the Company issues the earnings release, (b) the Company publicly announces material news or (c) a material event relating to the Company occurs; provided, however, that this sentence shall not apply if the research published or distributed on the Company is .compliant under Rule 139 of the Securities Act, and the Company's securities are actively traded as defined in Rule IO 1(c)(1) of Regulation M of the Exchange Act. The Company will provide the Representative and each person subject to the Lock-Up Agreement (as defined below) with prior notice of any such announcement that gives rise to the extension of the Lock-Up Period.

j) The Company has caused to be delivered to the Representative prior to the date of this Agreement a letter, in the form of Exhibit A hereto (the " Lock-Up Agreement " ), from each of the Company's directors and officers identified on Schedule IV. If requested by the Representative, the Company will issue stop-transfer instructions to the transfer agent for the Common Shares with respect to any transaction or contemplated transaction that would constitute a breach of or default under the applicable Lock-Up Agreement.

(k) Other than in connection with any road show or other marketing of the offering of Securities, the Company has not taken and will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or which might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, or which has constituted, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities, and has not effected any sales of Common Shares which would be required to be disclosed in response to

Item 701 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act if applicable to the Company which have not been so disclosed in the Registration Statement.

(I) Other than as contemplated by this Agreement, the Company will not incur any liability for any finder's or broker's fee or agent's commission in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

(m) During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will file with the Commission such periodic and special reports as required by the Rules and Regulations and with the Canadian securities regulatory authorities such continuous disclosure documents as required by Canadian Securities Laws.

(n) The Company will maintain such controls and other procedures, including without limitation those required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the applicable regulations thereunder, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act and under Canadian Securities Laws is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission's rules and forms and applicable Canadian Securities Laws, including without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its principal executive officer and its principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure, to ensure that material information relating to the Company is made known to them by others within those entities.

(o) The Company will comply with all applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

( p) The Company represents and agrees that, unless it obtains or obtained the prior written consent of the Representative, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute an "issuer free writing prospectus," as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act, or that would otherwise constitute a "free writing prospectus," as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, required to be filed with the Commission; provided that the prior written consent of the parties hereto shall be deemed to have been given in respect of the free writing prospectuses included in Schedule I I. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Company and the Representative is hereinafter referred to as a "Permitted Free Writing Prospectus . " The Company represents that it has treated or agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an "issuer free writing prospectus," as defined in Rule 433, and has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely Commission filing where required, legending and record keeping. The Underwriters represent and agree that, unless they obtain or obtained the prior written consent of the Company, they have not made and will not make any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute an "issuer free writing prospectus," as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act, or that would otherwise constitute a "free writing prospectus," as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, required to be filed with the Commission.

(q) Following completion of the Company's fiscal year ending December 31, 2013, the Company shall make a determination as to whether it was a "passive foreign investment company" within the meaning of Section 1297(a) of the Code, for the preceding fiscal year, including any qualifications, and the Company shall promptly report such determination in the next filing of an annual report with the SEC. If the Company has determined that it was a "passive foreign investment company" during such fiscal year, if requested by a shareholder, the Company shall provide such shareholder with

the necessary information to make a "qualified electing fund" election as defined under the Code; provided, however, that nothing in this Section 4(q) shall be interpreted as an undertaking to not qualify as a "passive foreign investment company."

5. Conditions of Underwriters' Obligations. The obligations of the several Underwriters hereunder are subject to the accuracy, as of the date hereof and at each of the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date (as if made at such closing date), of and compliance with all representations, warranties and agreements of the Company contained herein, to the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and to the following additional conditions:

(a) The Company is relying upon the rules and procedures established pursuant to the Canadian Shelf Procedures. The Canadian Preliminary Base Prospectus and the Canadian Base Prospectus have been filed with the Qualifying Authorities and a Passport Decision Document has been issued by the Reviewing Authority in its capacity as principal regulator under the Passport System on its own behalf and on behalf of the other Qualifying Authorities relating to the Canadian Preliminary Base Prospectus and the Canadian Base Prospectus, respectively, and has not been revoked. The Canadian Final Prospectus Supplement shall have been filed with the Qualifying Authorities within the applicable time period prescribed hereby and in accordance with the Canadian Shelf Procedures; all other steps or proceedings shall have been taken that may be necessary in order to qualify the Securities for distribution to the public in each of the Qualifying Jurisdictions; and no order suspending the distribution of the Securities shall have been issued by any of the Qualifying Authorities and no proceedings for that purpose shall have been instituted or threatened, and any request on the part of any Qualifying Authority for additional information shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of counsel to the Underwriters.

(b) The Company shall have filed the U.S. Final Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus required to be filed under the Securities Act or the Rules and Regulations with the Commission in accordance with General Instruction 11.L of Form F-10 or as otherwise required and within the time period so required; the Registration Statement shall remain effective; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any part thereof, any Upsizing Registration Statement, or any amendment thereof, nor suspending or preventing the use of the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the U.S. Final Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall have been issued; no proceedings for the issuance of such an order shall have been initiated or threatened; and any request of the Commission for additional information (to be included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the U.S. Final Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or otherwise) shall have been complied with to the satisfaction of the Representative.

(c) The Representative shall not have reasonably determined and advised the Company that (i) the Registration Statement or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, or the Canadian Final Prospectus, contains an untrue statement of a material fact which, in the opinion of counsel to the Underwriters, is material or omits to state a material fact which, in the opinion of counsel to the Underwriters, is required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or (ii) the Time of Sale Disclosure Package or the Final Prospectuses, or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus contains an untrue statement of fact which, in the opinion of counsel to the Underwriters, is material, or omits to state a fact which, in the opinion of counsel to the Underwriters, is material and is required to be stated therein, or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading.

(d) Except as contemplated in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and in the Final Prospectuses, subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Company shall not have incurred any material liabilities or obligations, direct or

contingent, or entered into any material transactions, or declared or paid any dividends or made any distribution of any kind with respect to its capital stock; and there shall not have been any change in the capital stock (other than a change in the number of outstanding Common Shares due to the issuance of shares upon the exercise of outstanding options or warrants), or any material change in the short-term or long-term debt of the Company, or any issuance of options, warrants, convertible securities or other rights to purchase the capital stock of the Company, or any Material Adverse Change or any development reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Change (whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business), that, in the judgment of the Representative, makes it impractical or inadvisable to offer or deliver the Securities on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and in the Prospectus.

(e) On the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, there shall have been furnished to the Underwriters, the opinion of Farris, Vaughan, Wills & Murphy LLP, Canadian counsel for the Company, dated such closing date and addressed to the Representative, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representative.

(f) On the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, there shall have been furnished to the Underwriters, the opinion of Dorsey & Whitney LLP, U.S. counsel for the Company, dated such closing date and addressed to the Representative, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representative.

(g) On the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, there shall have been furnished to the Underwriters, the opinion of Viksnins, Harris & Padys PLLP, intellectual property counsel for the Company, dated such closing date and addressed to the Representative, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representative.

(h) On the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, there shall have been furnished to the Underwriters, the opinion of Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP, intellectual property counsel for the Company, dated such closing date and addressed to the Representative, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representative.

(i) On the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, there shall have been furnished to the Underwriters, the negative assurance letter of Goodwin Procter LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, dated such closing date and addressed to the Representative, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representative.

(j) On the date of this Agreement, the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, the Underwriters shall have received a letter of KPMG LLP, dated such date and addressed to the Representative, confirming that they are independent public accountants within the meaning of the Securities Act, are in compliance with the applicable requirements relating to the qualifications of accountants under Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X of the Commission, are in good standing with the Canadian Public Accountability Board and stating, as of the date of such letter (or, with respect to matters involving changes or developments since the respective dates as of which specified financial information is given in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, as of a date not prior to the date hereof or more than five days prior to the date of such letter), the conclusions and findings of said firm with respect to the financial information and other matters covered by its letter delivered to the Underwriters concurrently with the execution of this Agreement, and the effect of the letter so to be delivered on the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, shall be to confirm the conclusions and findings set forth in such prior letter.

(k) On the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, there shall have been furnished to the Underwriters, a certificate, dated such closing date and addressed to the Representative, signed by the chief executive officer and by the chief financial officer of the Company, to the effect that:

(i) The representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct, as if made at and as of such closing date, and the Company has complied with all the agreements and satisfied all the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to such closing date;

(ii) No stop order, cease trade order or other order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any part thereof or any amendment thereof or the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale under Canadian Securities Laws, nor suspending or preventing the use of the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectuses or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, has been issued, and no proceeding for that purpose has been instituted or, to their knowledge, is contemplated or threatened by the Commission, any Qualifying Authority or any state, provincial or regulatory body; and

(iii) The signers of said certificate have carefully examined the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectuses, and any amendments thereof or supplements thereto, and

(A) the Registration Statement, or any amendment thereof, does not contain and did not contain when such part of the Registration Statement, or any amendment thereof, became effective, any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, except that such statement shall not apply to statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement, or any amendment thereof, based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Representative specifically for use therein, and the Final Prospectuses, as amended or supplemented, does not include and did not include as of its date or the time of first use within the meaning of the Rules and Regulations, any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state and did not omit to state as of its date or the time of first use within the meaning of the Rules and Regulations a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except that such statement shall not apply to statements in or omissions from the Final Prospectuses, as amended or supplemented, based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Representative specifically for use therein,

(B) At the time of filing thereof with the Qualifying Authorities and at the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date, the Canadian Preliminary Prospectus and the Canadian Final Prospectus (and any further amendments or supplements thereto, including any Supplementary Material) constituted and will constitute full, true and plain disclosure of all material facts relating to the Securities and the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and did not and will not contain a misrepresentation, as defined under Canadian Securities Laws, and did not and will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

(C) neither (1) the Time of Sale Disclosure Package nor (2) any individual Issuer Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus, when considered together with the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, include, nor included as of the Time of Sale any untrue statement of a material fact or omits, or omitted as of the Time of Sale, to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except that such statement shall not apply to statements in or omissions from the Time of Sale Disclosure Package or any Individual Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Representative specifically for use therein,

(D) since the Time of Sale there has occurred no event required to be set forth in an amended or supplemented prospectus which has not been so set forth,

(E) subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and Final Prospectuses, the Company has not incurred any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent, or entered into any material transactions, not in the ordinary course of business, or declared or paid any dividends or made any distribution of any kind with respect to its capital stock, and except as disclosed in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and in the Final Prospectuses, there has not been any change in the share capital (other than a change in the number of outstanding Common Shares due to the issuance of shares upon the exercise of outstanding options or warrants), or any material change in the short term or long term debt, or any issuance of options, warrants, convertible securities or other rights to purchase the capital stock, of the Company (other than issuances of options under the Company's existing stock option plans) or any Material Adverse Change or any development involving a prospective Material Adverse Change (whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business), and

(F) except as stated in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and in the Final Prospectuses, there is not pending, or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened or contemplated, any action, suit or proceeding to which the Company is a party before or by any court or governmental agency, authority or body, or any arbitrator, which could reasonably be expected to result in any Material Adverse Change.

(l) The Underwriters shall have received all the Lock-Up Agreements referenced in Section 4CD.

(m) At the First Closing Date, the Securities shall have been duly listed for quotation or trading on the NASDAQ and the TSX (subject only to customary post-closing document delivery requirements).

(n) On the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, there shall have been furnished to the Underwriters, a certificate, dated such closing date and addressed to the Representative, signed by the chief financial officer of the Company.

(o) The Underwriters shall have received on the First Closing Date a certificate of the secretary of the Company.

(p) The Underwriters shall not have received any unresolved objection from FINRA as to the fairness and reasonableness of the amount of compensation allowable or payable to the Underwriters in connection with the issuance and sale of the Securities.

Prior to the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date, if applicable, the Underwriters shall have received such further certificates and documentation from the Company as may be contemplated herein as the Representative or counsel to the Underwriters may reasonably request; provided, however, that the Representative or counsel to the Underwriters shall request any such certificates or other documents within a reasonable period prior to the First Closing Date or Second Closing Date, as applicable, that is sufficient for the Company to obtain and deliver such certificates or documents, and in any event, at least two (2) Business Days prior to the First Closing Date or Second Closing Date, as applicable. The Company will furnish the Underwriters with such conformed copies of such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents as the Representative shall reasonably request.

6.	Indemnification and Contribution.

(a) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the several Underwriters, their affiliates, directors and officers and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which the Underwriters may become subject, under the Securities Act, Canadian Securities Laws or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation if such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company), insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, including any information deemed to be a part of the Registration Statement at the time of effectiveness and at any subsequent time pursuant to the Rules and Regulations, if applicable, any Preliminary Prospectuses, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectuses, or any amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or in any materials or information provided to investors by, at the instruction of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Common Shares ("Marketing Materials " ), including any roadshow or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically), or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, with respect only to any Preliminary Prospectus, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectuses, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or Marketing Materials, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, and will reimburse the Underwriters for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending against such Joss, claim, damage, liability or action as such expenses are incurred; provided, however, that the Company shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectuses, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectuses, or any such amendment or supplement, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or in any Marketing Materials, in reliance upon and in conformity with information provided in writing to the Company by the Representative specifically for use therein; it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Representative consists of the information described as such in Section 6(f). To the extent that any reimbursement payment is so held to have been improper, the Underwriter that received such payment shall promptly return it to the party or parties that made such payment.

(b) Each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, will indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its affiliates, directors and officers and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act, from and

against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the Company may become subject, under the Securities Act, Canadian Securities Laws or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation, if such settlement is effected with the written consent of such Underwriter), insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectuses, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectuses, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectuses, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectuses, or any such amendment or supplement, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with information provided in writing to the Company by the Representative specifically for use therein; it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Representative consists of the information described as such in Section 6(f), and will reimburse the Company for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Company in connection with investigating or defending against any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action as such expenses are incurred.

(c) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under Section 6(a) or 6(b) above of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party shall, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under such subsection, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof; but the omission so to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve the indemnifying party from any liability that it may have to any indemnified party except to the extent such indemnifying party has been materially prejudiced by such failure. In case any such action shall be brought against any indemnified party, and it shall notify the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party shall be entitled to participate in, and, to the extent that it shall wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof, with counsel satisfactory to such indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of the indemnifying party's election so to assume the defense thereof, the indemnifying party shall not be liable to such indemnified party under such subsection for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof other than reasonable costs of investigation; provided, however, that if, in the judgment of counsel to the Underwriters, it is advisable for the Underwriters to be represented by separate counsel, the Underwriters shall collectively have the right to employ a single counsel (in addition to local counsel) to represent the Underwriters who may be subject to liability arising from any claim in respect of which indemnity may be sought by the Underwriters under subsection (a) of this Section 6, in which event the reasonable fees and expenses of such separate counsel shall be borne by the indemnifying party or parties and reimbursed to the Underwriters as incurred. An indemnifying party shall not be obligated under any settlement agreement relating to any action under this Section 6 to which it has not agreed in writing. In addition, no indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), effect any settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such indemnified party for all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such proceeding and does not include a statement as to, or an admission of, fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of an indemnified party.

(d) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 6 is unavailable or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under Section 6(a) or 6(b) above, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to in Section 6(a) or 6(b) above, (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other

from the offering of the Securities or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriter, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover page of the U.S. Final Prospectus. The relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or the Underwriters and the parties' relevant intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such untrue statement or omission. The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this Section 6(d) were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in the first sentence of this Section 6(d). The amount paid by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to in the first sentence of this Section 6(d) shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending against any action or claim which is the subject of this Section 6(d). Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 6(d), the Underwriters shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total price at which the Securities underwritten by them and distributed to the public were offered to the public exceeds the amount of any damages that the Underwriters have otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section l l (f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters' obligations in this Section 6(d) to contribute are several in proportion to their respective underwriting obligations and not joint.

(e) The obligations of the Company under this Section 6 shall be in addition to any liability which the Company may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act; and the obligations of the Underwriters under this Section 6 shall be in addition to any liability that the Underwriters may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each director of the Company (including any person who, with his consent, is named in the Registration Statement as about to become a director of the Company), to each officer of the Company who has signed the Registration Statement and to each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act.

(f) The Underwriters confirm and the Company acknowledges that the statements with respect to the public offering of the Securities by the Underwriters set forth in the first paragraph under the caption " Underwriting - Commissions and Discounts ", the paragraph under the caption " Underwriting - Passive Market Making " and the paragraphs under the caption "Underwriting - Short Sales, Stabilizing Transactions and Penalty Bids" in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package and in the Final Prospectuses are correct and constitute the only information concerning such Underwriters furnished in writing to the Company by the Representative specifically for use in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectuses, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectuses or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus.

7. Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery . All representations, warranties, and agreements of the Company herein or in certificates delivered pursuant hereto, including but not limited to the agreements of the Underwriters and the Company contained in Section 6 hereof, shall

remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Underwriters or any controlling person thereof, or the Company or any of its officers, directors, or controlling persons, or any controlling person thereof, and shall survive delivery of, and payment for, the Securities to and by the Underwriters hereunder.

8.	Termination of this Agreement .

(a) The Representative shall have the right to terminate this Agreement by giving notice to the Company as hereinafter specified at any time at or prior to the First Closing Date, and the option referred to in Section 3(b), if exercised, may be cancelled at any time prior to the Second Closing Date, if (i) the Company shall have failed, refused or been unable, at or prior to such closing date, to perform any agreement on its part to be performed hereunder, (ii) any other condition of the Underwriters' obligations hereunder is not fulfilled, (iii) trading on the NASDAQ or TSX, shall have been suspended, (iv) minimum or maximum prices for trading shall have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices for securities shall have been required, on the NASDAQ or TSX, by such Exchange or by order of the Commission or any other Governmental Authority having jurisdiction, (v) a banking moratorium shall have been declared by U.S. federal, Canadian federal or state authorities, or (vi) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of hostilities, any change in financial markets or any calamity or crisis that, in the Representative's judgment, is material and adverse and makes it impractical or inadvisable to proceed with the completion of the sale of and payment for the Securities. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 4(g) and Section 6 hereof shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.

(b) If the Representative elects to terminate this Agreement as provided in this Section 8, the Company shall be notified promptly by the Representative by telephone, confirmed by letter.

9.	Default by the Company

(a) If the Company shall fail at the First Closing Date to sell and deliver the number of Securities which it is obligated to sell hereunder, then this Agreement shall terminate without any liability on the part of the Underwriters or, except as provided in Section 4(g) and Section 6 hereof, any non-defaulting party. No action taken pursuant to this Section 9 shall relieve the Company from liability, if any, in respect of such default.

(b) If any Underwriter shall fail at the First Closing Date to purchase and pay for the portion of the Securities which such Underwriter has agreed to purchase and pay for on such date (otherwise than by reason of any default on the part of the Company), the Representative shall use its reasonable efforts to procure within 36 hours thereafter one or more of the other Underwriters, or any others, to purchase from the Company such amounts as may be agreed upon and upon the terms set forth herein, the Securities which the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters failed to purchase. If during such 36 hours the Representative shall not have procured such other Underwriters, or any others, to purchase the Securities agreed to be purchased by the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters, then (i) if the aggregate number of shares with respect to which such default shall occur does not exceed 10% of the Securities to be purchased on the First Closing Date, the other Underwriters shall be obligated, severally, in proportion to the respective numbers of Securities which they are obligated to purchase hereunder, to purchase the Securities which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters failed to purchase, or (ii) if the aggregate number of shares with respect to which such default shall occur exceeds 10% of the Securities to be purchased on the First Closing Date, the Company or the Representative will have the right, by written notice given within the next 36-hour period to the parties to this Agreement, to terminate this Agreement without liability on the part of the non-defaulting Underwriters or of the Company except

to the extent provided in Sections 4(g) and §. hereof; provided, however, upon any such termination as set forth in this Section 9(b) , the Company shall not be required to pay the expenses of the Underwriters as described in Section 4(g) above. In the event of a default by any Underwriter or Underwriters, as set forth in this Section 9(b) , the First Closing Date may be postponed for such period, not exceeding seven days, as the Representative may determine in order that the required changes in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Disclosure Package or in the Final Prospectuses or in any other documents or arrangements may be effected. The term "Underwriter " includes any person substituted for a defaulting Underwriter. No action taken under this Section 9 shall relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability in respect of any default of such Underwriter under this Agreement.

10. Notices . Except as otherwise provided herein, all communications hereunder shall be in writing and, if to the Underwriters, shall be mailed or delivered c/o Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, One Montgomery Street, Suite 3700, San Francisco, California 94104, Attention: General Counsel; and if to the Company, shall be mailed or delivered to the address of the Company set forth in the Registration Statement, Attention: Secretary. Any such communications shall take effect upon receipt thereof. Any party to this Agreement may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose.

11. Agent for Service; Submission to Jurisdiction; Waiver of Immunities. By the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company (a) acknowledges that it has, by separate written instrument, irrevocably designated and appointed National Registered Agents, Inc. (or any successor) (together with any successor, the " Agent for Servic e " ), as its authorized agent upon which process may be served in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the Securities, that may be instituted in any U.S. federal or state court in the State of New York, or brought under federal or state securities laws, and acknowledges that the Agent for Service has accepted such designation, (b) submits to the jurisdiction of any New York state or U.S. federal court located in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, New York, in any suit or proceeding arising out of or related to this Agreement, and

(c) agrees that service of process upon the Agent for Service (or any successor) and written notice of said service to the Company (mailed or delivered to National Registered Agents, Inc. at 1780 Barnes Blvd. S.W., Bldg. G, Tumwater, Washington 98512-0410), shall be deemed in every respect effective service of process upon the Company in any such suit or proceeding. The Company further agrees to take any and al l action, including the execution and filing of any and al l such documents and instruments, as may be necessary to continue such designation and appointment of the Agent for Service in full force and effect so long as any of the Securities shall be outstanding. To the extent that the Company has or hereafter may acquire any immunity from jurisdiction of any court or from any legal process (whether through service of notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in aid of execution, execution or otherwise) with respect to itself or its property, it hereby irrevocably waives such immunity in respect of its obligations under the above-referenced documents, to the extent permitted by law.

12. Persons Entitled to Benefit of Agreement. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns and the controlling persons, officers and directors referred to in Section 6 . Nothing in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give to any other person, firm or corporation any legal or equitable remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement or any provision herein contained. The term "successors and assigns" as herein used shall not include any purchaser, as such purchaser, of any of the Securities from the Underwriters.

13. Absence of Fiduciary Relations/tip . The Company acknowledges and agrees that: (a) the Underwriters have been retained solely to act as underwriters in connection with the sale of the Securities and that no fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship between the Company and the Underwriters has been created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement,

irrespective of whether the Underwriters have advised or are advising the Company on other matters; (b) the price and other terms of the Securities set forth in this Agreement were established by the Company following discussions and arms-length negotiations with the Underwriters and the Company is capable of evaluating and understanding and understands and accepts the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; (c) it has been advised that the Underwriters and their affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that differ from those of the Company and that the Underwriters have no obligation to disclose such interest and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship; (d) it has been advised that the Underwriters are acting, in respect of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, solely for the benefit of the Representative and the other Underwriters, and not on behalf of the Company; (e) it waives to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against the Underwriters for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and agrees that the Underwriters shall have no liability (whether direct or indirect) to the Company in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim on behalf of or in right of the Company, including stockholders, employees or creditors of the Company.

14. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to principles of conflict of laws.

15. Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts and, if executed in more than one counterpart, the executed counterparts shall each be deemed to be an original and all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument.

16. General Provisions . This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties to this Agreement and supersedes all prior written or oral and all contemporaneous oral agreements, understandings and negotiations with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may not be amended or modified unless in writing by all of the parties hereto, and no condition herein (express or implied) may be waived unless waived in writing by each party whom the condition is meant to benefit. The Section headings herein are for the convenience of the parties only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.

[Signature Page Follows]

If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please sign and return to us one original for the Company plus one original for counsel of any counterparties hereof, and upon the acceptance hereof by the Underwriters, this Agreement and such acceptance hereof shall constitute a binding agreement between the Underwriters and the Company.

Very truly yours,

TEKMIRA PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION

By: "Mark J. Murray"

Name: Mark J. Murray

Title: President and Chief Executive Officer

Accepted as of the date hereof at San Francisco, California: STIFEL, NICOLAUS & COMPANY, INCORPORATED

By: "Seth Rubin"

Name: Seth Rubin

Title: Managing Director

For itself and as Representative of the

other Underwriters named in Schedule I hereto

SCHEDULE I

Underwriter		Number of Firm Shares to be P urchased< 1 l
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated		2,625,000
Maxim Group LLC		1,125,000
Total:		3,750,000

______________________

(1)	The Underwriters may purchase up to an additional 562,500 Option Shares, to the extent the option described in Section 3(b) of the Agreement is exercised, in the proportions and in the manner described in the Agreement.

SCHEDULE II

Issuer General Free Writing Prospectuses

None.

SCHEDULE III

Pricing Information

Number of Firm Shares to be Issued: 3,750,000

Offering Price: US$8.00 per share

Underwriting Discounts and Commissions: 6.0%

Number of Option Shares: 562,500

SCHEDULE IV

Officers and Directors Subject to Lockup

Bruce Cousins

Mark J. Murray

Mark Kowalski

Michael Abrams

Kenneth Galbraith

Don Jewell

Frank Karbe

Daniel Kisner

Ian C. Mortimer

Ian MacLachlan

Peter Lutwyche

Paul A. Brennan

EXHIBIT A

Form of Lockup Agreement

October _, 2013

Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated

As Representative of the Several Underwriters

One Montgomery Street

Suite 3700

San Francisco, California 94104

Re: Offering of Common Shares of Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation Ladies and Gentlemen:

The undersigned understands that you, as representative of the underwriters (the " Underwriters " ), propose to enter into an Underwriting Agreement with Tekmira Pharmaceuticals Corporation, a British Columbia corporation (the " Compan y " ), providing for an offering of common shares (the "Share s " ), without par value, of the Company (the " Common Share s " ), pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form F-10 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the " SEC ' ).

In consideration of the agreement by the Underwriters to offer and sell the Shares, and of other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the undersigned agrees that, during the period specified in the following paragraph (the " Lock-Up Period ” ), the undersigned will not offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge (except a pledge for the benefit of the Company pursuant to an agreement entered or to be entered into between the Company and the undersigned), grant any option to purchase, make any short sale or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any Common Shares of the Company, or any options or warrants to purchase any Common Shares of the Company, or any securities convertible into, exchangeable for or that represent the right to receive Common Shares of the Company, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, owned directly by the undersigned (including holding as a custodian) or with respect to which the undersigned has beneficial ownership within the rules and regulations of the SEC (collectively the "Undersigned's Share s " ); provided, however, that during the Lock-Up Period, the undersigned shall be permitted to exercise any options or warrants to purchase common shares of the Company that the undersigned owns directly (including holding as a custodian) or with respect to which the undersigned has beneficial ownership within the rules and regulations of the SEC (the " Convertible Securities " ), provided that any such shares issued upon exercise of such Convertible Securities shall continue to be subject to the applicable provisions of this Lock-Up Agreement. The foregoing restriction is expressly agreed to preclude the undersigned from engaging in any hedging or other transaction which is designed to or which reasonably could be expected to lead to or result in a sale or disposition of the Undersigned's Shares even if such Undersigned's Shares would be disposed of by someone other than the undersigned. Such prohibited hedging or other transactions would include without limitation any short sale or any purchase, sale or grant of any right (including without limitation any put or call option) with respect to any of the Undersigned's Shares or with respect to any security that includes, relates to, or derives any significant part of its value from such Undersigned's Shares (regardless of whether any of the transactions described herein is to be settled by delivery of Common Shares of the Company, or such other securities, in cash or otherwise). Further, the undersigned agrees not to make any demand for, or exercise any right with

respect to, the registration of any Common Shares of the Company or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Shares of the Company during the Lock-Up Period.

The initial Lock-Up Period will commence on the date of this Lock-Up Agreement and continue for 90 days after the offering date set forth on the final prospectus used to sell the Shares (the " Offering Date ") pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement; provided, however, that if (1) during the last 17 days of the initial Lock-Up Period, the Company releases earnings results or announces material news or a material event or (2) prior to the expiration of the initial Lock-Up Period, the Company announces that it will release earnings results during the 15-day period following the last day of the initial Lock-Up Period, then in each case the Lock-Up Period will be automatically extended until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the date of release of the earnings results or the announcement of the material news or material event, as applicable, unless Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated waives, in writing, such extension.

The undersigned hereby acknowledges that the Company intends to agree in the Underwriting Agreement to provide written notice of any event that would result in an extension of the Lock-Up Period pursuant to the previous paragraph to the undersigned and agrees that any such notice properly delivered will be deemed to have been given to, and received by, the undersigned. The undersigned hereby further agrees that, prior to engaging in any transaction or taking any other action that is subject to the terms of this Lock-Up Agreement during the period from the date of this Lock-Up Agreement to and including the 34th day following the expiration of the initial Lock-Up Period, it will give notice thereof to the Company and will not consummate such transaction or take any such action unless it has received written confirmation from the Company that the Lock-Up Period (as such may have been extended pursuant to the previous paragraph) has expired.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the undersigned may transfer the Undersigned's Shares (i) pursuant to a bonafide take-over bid made to all holders of common shares of the Company or similar acquisition transaction provided that in the event that the take-over or acquisition transaction is not completed, any securities shall remain subject to the restrictions contained in this Lock-Up Agreement; (ii) as a bonafide gift or gifts, provided that the donee or donees thereof agree to be bound in writing by the restrictions set forth herein, (iii) to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or the immediate family of the undersigned, provided that the trustee of the trust agrees to be bound in writing by the restrictions set forth herein, and provided further that any such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value, or (iv) with the prior written consent of Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated. For purposes of this Lock-Up Agreement, "immediate family" shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption, not more remote than first cousin. The undersigned now has, and, except as contemplated by clause (i), (ii), (iii) or

(iv) above, for the duration of this Lock-Up Agreement will have, good and marketable title to the Undersigned's Shares, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and claims whatsoever. The undersigned agrees and consents to the entry of stop transfer instructions with the Company's transfer agent and registrar against the transfer of the Undersigned's Shares except in compliance with the foregoing restrictions.

The undersigned understands that the Company and the Underwriters are relying upon this Lock-Up Agreement in proceeding toward consummation of the offering. The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that it has full power and authority to enter into this Lock-Up Agreement and that upon request, the undersigned will execute any additional documents reasonably necessary or desirable in connection with the enforcement hereof. The undersigned further understands that this Lock-Up Agreement is irrevocable and shall be binding upon the undersigned's heirs, legal representatives, successors, and assigns.

This Lock-Up Agreement shall lapse and become null and void upon notice from the Company to the Underwriters that the Company does not intend to proceed with the offering or wishes to terminate the engagement of the Underwriters as underwriters of the offering.

Very truly yours,

_____________________________

Exact Name of Shareholder

_____________________________

Authorized Signature

_____________________________

Title

SIGNED, SEALED AND DELIVERED
by Michael Abrams in the presence of:			/s/ Michael Abrams
			Michael Abrams
Witness:
Address:

Occupation:

Signed, Sealed and Delivered by KIRK
ROSEMARK in the presence of:			/s/ Kirk Rosemark
			Kirk Rosemark
Witness:
Address:

Occupation:

Royalty Table
Net Sales	Royalty (Percent of Net Sales)
For all cumulative, worldwide Net Sales less than [***]	[***]
For cumulative, worldwide Net Sales equal to or exceeding [*] but less than [*]	[***]
For cumulative, worldwide Net Sales equal to or exceeding [***]	[***]

Country Name	Status	Title	Serial #	Filed Date	Patent #	Issue Date
[***]	[***]	[***]	[***]	[***]

Name of Agreement	Parties	Effective Date
[***]	[***]	[***]
[***]	[***]	[***]
[***]	[***]	[***]
[***]	[***]	[***]

Article 1 Interpretation	1
1.1 Definitions	1

Article 2 Engagement	7
2.1 Appointment of TEKMIRA	7
2.2 Change Orders	7
2.3 OXFORD performance of the Clinical Trial	7
2.4 TEKMIRA performance of Clinical Trial activities	8

Article 3 Manufacturing Services	8
3.1 Use of Materials and Investigational Medicinal Product	8
3.2 Storage	8
3.3 Transport and Risk of Loss	8
3.4 Reporting and Records	9

Article 4 Compensation	9
4.1 Costs, Invoicing, Payment and Audit	9
4.2 Future Development and Use of the Investigational Medicinal Product	10

Article 5 Regulatory Compliance, Support and Responsibilities	10
5.1 Anti-Bribery	10
5.2 Clinical Samples	10
5.3 Regulatory Support	11
5.4 Responsibilities	11
5.5 Records, Audits and Inspections	11
5.6 Variation	12

Article 6 Clinical Trial	12
6.1 Protocol Development	12
6.2 Conduct of Clinical Trial	13
6.3 Personnel	13
6.4 Ethical and Regulatory Approvals	13
6.5 Trial Sites	14
6.6 Data Protection	14
6.7 Pharmacovigilance	14
6.8 Insurance	15

Article 7 Intellectual Property	15
7.1 Background IP	15
7.2 Arising IP	15
7.3 Perfection of Ownership Rights	16

Article 8 Confidentiality	16
8.1 Confidentiality Obligations	16
8.2 Publication	17
8.3 No License	18
8.4 Return of Confidential Information	19

Article 9 Representations, Warranties and Covenants	19
9.1 Mutual Representations and Warranties	19
9.2 Individual Representations and Warranties	19
9.3 Disclaimers	19
9.4 No Implied Warranties	20

Article 10 LIABILITY	20
10.1 OXFORD	20
10.2 TEKMIRA	20
10.3 Conditions	20
10.4 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY	21

Article 11 Term and Termination	22
11.1 Term	22
11.2 Cancellation or Termination by OXFORD	22
11.3 Termination for Cause	23
11.4 Other Remedies	23
11.5 Continuing Obligations	23
11.6 Alternate Remedies	23

Article 12 General Provisions	24
12.1 Publicity and Advertising	24
12.2 Amendment	24
12.3 Assignment and Subcontracting	24
12.4 Counterparts	24
12.5 Entire Agreement and Exhibits	24
12.6 Force Majeure	24
12.7 Further Acts	25
12.8 Governing Law	25
12.9 Sale of Goods	25
12.10 Notice	25
12.11 Severability	26
12.12 Waiver	26
12.13 Survivorship	26


EXCEPTION TO SF 30	30-105-04	ST ANDARD FORM 30 (Rev. 10-83)
APPROVED BY OIRM 11-84		Prescribed by GSA FAR (48 CFR) 53.243

AMENDMENT OF SOLICITATION/MODIFICATION OF CONTRACT						1. CONTRACT ID CODE		PAGE OF PAGES
						V		1	3
2. AMENDMENT/MODIFICATION NO			3. EFFECTIVE DATE	4. REQUISITION/PURCHASE REQ. NO.			5. PROJECT NO. (If applicable)
P00002			15-Apr-2011
6. ISSUED BY		CODE	W911QY	7. ADMINISTERED BY (If other than item 6)			CODE	SCN01A
USASMDCIARSTRAT SMDC-RDC-EB 64 THOMAS JOHNSON DRIVE FREDERICK MD 21702-4300				DCMA AMERICAS (CANADA) 275 BANK ST. SUITE 200 OTTAWA, ONT. CNK2P-2L6

8. NAME AND ADDRESS OF CONTRACTOR (No., Street, County, State and Zip Code) TEKMIRA PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION						9A. AMENDMENT OF SOLICITATION NO.
8900 GLENLYON PKY SUITE 100 BURNABY V5J 5J8						9B. DATED (SEE ITEM 11)
					X	10A. MOD. OF CONTRACT/ORDER NO. W9113M-10-C-0057
					X	10B. DATED (SEE ITEM 13)
CODE L8144			FACILITY CODE			14-Jul-2010
11. THIS ITEM ONLY APPLIES TO AMENDMENTS OF SOLICITATIONS
o	The above numbered solicitation is amended as set forth in Item 14. The hour and date specified for receipt of Offer					o is extended o is not extended.
	Offer must acknowledge receipt of this amendment prior to the hour and date specified in the solicitation or as amended by one of the following methods: (a) By completing Items 8 and 15, and returning _____ copies of the amendment; (b) By acknowledging receipt of this amendment on each copy of the offer submitted; or (c) By separate letter or telegram which includes a reference to the solicitation and amendment numbers. FAILURE OF YOUR ACKNOWLEDGMENT TO BE RECEIVED AT THE PLACE DESIGNATED FOR THE RECEIPT OF OFFERS PRIOR TO THE HOUR AND DATE SPECIFIED MAY RESULT IN REJECTION OF YOUR OFFER. If by virtue of this amendment you desire to change an offer already submitted, such change may be made by telegram or letter, provided each telegram or letter makes reference to the solicitation and this amendment, and is received prior to the opening hour and date specified.
12. ACCOUNTING AND APPROPRIATION DATA (If required) See Schedule

13. THIS ITEM APPLIES ONLY TO MODIFICATIONS OF CONTRACTS/ORDERS. IT MODIFIES THE CONTRACT/ORDER NO. AS DESCRIBED IN ITEM 14.
	A. THIS CHANGE ORDER IS ISSUED PURSUANT TO: (Specify authority) THE CHANGES SET FORTH IN ITEM 14 ARE MADE IN THE CONTRACT ORDER NO. IN ITEM 10A.

	B. THE ABOVE NUMBERED CONTRACT/ORDER IS MODIFIED TO REFLECT THE ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES (such as changes in paying office, appropriation date, etc.) SET FORTH IN ITEM 14, PURSUANT TO THE AUTHORITY OF FAR 43.103(B).
	C. THIS SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENT IS ENTERED INTO PURSUANT TO AUTHORITY OF: Mutual Agreement of Both Parties
X	D. OTHER (Specify type of modification and authority) 52.232-22 Limitation of Funds

E. IMPORTANT: Contractor o is not, x is required to sign this document and return 1 copies to the issuing office.
14. DESCRIPTION OF AMENDMENT/MODIFICATION (Organized by UCF section headings, including solicitation/contract subject matter where feasible.) Modification Control Ntu11ber: oconnels 111023 See attached summary of changes. Except as provided herein, all terms and conditions ofthe document referenced in Item 9A or 10A, as heretofore changed, remains unchanged and in full force and effect.
15A. NAME AND TITLE OF SIGNER (Type or print)				16A. NAME AND TITLE OF CONTRACTING OFFICER (Type or print)
				TEL:	EMAIL:
15B. CONTRACTOR/OFFEROR			15C. DATE SIGNED	16B. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA			16C. DATE SIGNED
							15-Apr-2011
				BY
	(Signature of person authorized to sign)			(Signature of Contracting Officer)

ITEM NO	SUPPLIES/SERVICES	QUANTITY	UNIT	UNIT PRICE	AMOUNT
000201			Job		$ 0.00
	Funding for CLIN 0001
	FFP
	FY12 Incremental funding
	FOB: Destination




NET AMT		$ 0.00

ACRN AD CIN:OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO		$2,920,010.00

Technical data		Asserted	Name of Person
to be Furnished With Restrictions \ I/	B asis for Assertion \ 2 1	Rights Category \3/	Asserting Restrictions \4/
(LIST)	(UST)	(LIST)	(UST)

Contract No.
Contractor Name
Contractor Address

Expiration Date

Technical Data or Computer Software to be Furnished With Restrictions *	Basis for Assertion **	Asserted Rights Category ***	Name of Person Asserting Restrictions ****

(UST) *****	(LIST)	(UST)	(LIST)

ACRN: AG
CIN: GFEBS001029985300001
Acctng Data: 097201320140400000265Y0440406255	A.0011315.3.1.1	6100.9000021001
Increase: $1,700,000.00
Total: $1,700,000.00
Cost Code: A5XAL

DELIVERY DATE	QUANTITY	SHIP TO ADDRESS	UIC
30-APR-2013		N/A FOB: Destination

Attachment No.	Description	Date	Number of Pages
1	Contractor’s Statement	8 Feb 2013	25
	of Work

ESTIMATED COST		$[***]
[***]		$[***]
TOTAL EST COST + FEE		$[***]
		$[***]

TARGET COST		$[***]
TARGET FEE		$[***]
TOTAL TGT COST + FEE		$[***]
MINIMUM FEE		$[***]
MAXIMUM FEE		$[***]
SHARE RATIO ABOVE TARGET
SHARE RATIO BELOW TARGET

ACRN AH CIN: GFEBS001048149100002		$[***]

CIN: GFEBS001048149100001
Acctng Data: 097201420150400000265Y0550506255	A.0011315.4.1.2.3 6100.9000021001
Increase: $[***]
Total: $[***]
Cost Code: A5XAH

ACRN: AH
CIN: GFEBS001048149100002
Acctng Data: 097201420150400000265Y0550506255	A.0011315.4.1.2.3 6100.9000021001
Increase: $[***]
Total: $[***]
Cost Code: A5XAH

ESTIMATED COST				$[***]
FIXED FEE				$[***]
TOTAL EST COST + FEE				$7,000,000.00

ACRN: AH
CIN: GFEBS001048149100003
Acctng Data: 097201420150400000265Y0550506255	A.0011315.4.1.2.3 6100.9000021001
Increase: $658,576.68
Total: $658,576.68
Cost Code: A5XAH

ACRN: AJ
CIN: GFEBS001061279700001
Acctng Data: 097201520160400000265Y0550506255	A.0011315.4.1.3.1 6100.9000021001
Increase:
Total:
Cost Code: A5XAH

ACRN: AJ
ClN:GFEBS001061876900001
Acctng Data: 097201520160400000265Y0550506255 Increase:$6 , 341 , 423.32	A.0011315.4 . 1.3 . l	6100.9000021001
Total: $6,341 , 423.32

ACRN:AK
CIN:GFEBSOO 106627230000 I
Acctng Data: 097201520 I 60400000265Y0550506255	A.001 1315.4.1.3.4 6100.9000021001
Increase:$[***]
Total: $[***]
Cost Code: A5XAH

Name	Date on which the entity became Tekmira’s wholly owned sub	Jurisdiction
Protiva Biotherapeutics Inc.	May 30, 2008	British Columbia, Canada
Protiva Biotherapeutics (USA), Inc.	May 30, 2008	Delaware, United States of America
Protiva Agricultural Development Company Inc.	Jan. 9, 2014	British Columbia, Canada
OnCore Biopharma, Inc.	Mar. 4, 2015	Delaware, United States of America
Enantigen Therapeutics, Inc.	Mar. 4, 2015	Delaware, United States of America

	(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
	(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


	/s/ Mark J. Murray
	Name:		Mark J. Murray
	Title:		President and Chief Executive Officer