As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 4, 2017

 

File Number 333-           

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

------------

FORM S-3

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

Amyris, Inc.

 

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware

 

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

 

55-0856151

 

(IRS Employer Identification Number)

 

5885 Hollis Street, Suite 100

Emeryville, CA  94608

(510) 450-0761

 

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including

area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

John G. Melo

President and Chief Executive Officer

5885 Hollis Street, Suite 100

Emeryville, CA  94608

(510) 450-0761

 

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including

area code, of agent for service)

 

Please send copies of all correspondence to:

 

Gordon K. Davidson, Esq.

Daniel J. Winnike, Esq.

 

Fenwick & West LLP

801 California Street

Mountain View, California 94041

(650) 988-8500

 

From time to time after the effectiveness of this registration statement.

 

(Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public)

 

 

 

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.  ☐

 

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or reinvestment plans, check the following box.   þ

 

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

 

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  ☐

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐     (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company þ

 

 

 


 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

Title of each class of securities to be registered Amount to be registered (1) Proposed maximum offering price per unit (2) Proposed maximum aggregate offering price (2) Amount of registration fee
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share 42,268,338 $3.91 $165,269,201.58 $19,154.70

 

(1) Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement shall also cover any additional shares of common stock which become issuable by reason of any stock dividend, stock split or other similar transaction effected without the receipt of consideration that results in an increase in the number of the outstanding shares of our common stock.

 

(2) In accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act of 1933, the aggregate offering price of our common stock is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fees due for this filing. For the initial filing of this Registration Statement, this estimate was based on the average of the high and low sales price of our common stock reported by The NASDAQ Stock Market on August 2, 2017.

 

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with  Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 

 

THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. THE SELLING STOCKHOLDERS MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND THE SELLING STOCKHOLDERS ARE NOT SOLICITING OFFERS TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY JURISDICTION WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION DATED AUGUST 4, 2017

 

PROSPECTUS

 

42,268,338 Shares

 

 

 

AMYRIS, INC.

 

Common Stock

 

This prospectus relates to the offer and sale of up to 42,268,338 shares of our common stock by the selling stockholders identified in the “Selling Stockholders” section of this prospectus (the “Offering”).  The shares of common stock registered hereunder consist of (i) shares issuable to the selling stockholders upon the exercise of warrants issued to the selling stockholders (the “Warrants”) pursuant to (a) that certain Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 8, 2017 (the “Initial Purchase Agreement”), among the Company and the investors named therein or (b) that certain Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 31, 2017 (the “Subsequent Purchase Agreement” and, together with the Initial Purchase Agreement, the “Purchase Agreements”), between the Company and the investor named therein, and (ii) shares issued or issuable to certain of the selling stockholders upon conversion of shares of the Company’s Series B 17.38% Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B Preferred Stock”) issued to such selling stockholders pursuant to the Purchase Agreements and the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series B 17.38% Convertible Preferred Stock filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on May 8, 2017 (the “Certificate of Designation”).  

 

The selling stockholders may sell the shares directly to purchasers or through underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, who may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. The selling stockholders may sell the shares at any time at market prices prevailing at the time of sale or at privately negotiated prices. For more information regarding the selling stockholders and the sale of the shares, see “Selling Stockholders” and “Plan of Distribution” below.

 

We are not selling any securities under this prospectus and will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of these shares by the selling stockholders. We will pay the expenses incurred in registering the shares, including legal and accounting fees.

 

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “AMRS.”  On August 3, 2017, the closing price of our common stock was $3.85.

 

Investing in our securities involves risks.  See “Risk Factors” commencing on page 5.   You should carefully read this prospectus, the documents incorporated herein, and, if applicable, any prospectus supplement subsequently filed with respect to this prospectus, before making any investment decision.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

The date of this prospectus is August 4, 2017.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS i
SUMMARY 1
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 3
RISK FACTORS 5
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 37
USE OF PROCEEDS 37
DETERMINATION OF OFFERING PRICE 37
SELLING STOCKHOLDERS 38
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION 48
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK 51
LEGAL MATTERS 53
EXPERTS 53
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION 54
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE 54

 

 

INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS

 

We have not authorized any dealer, agent or other person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and, if applicable, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus.  You must not rely upon any information or representation not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or, if applicable, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus.  This prospectus and, if applicable, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus, do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor do this prospectus and, if applicable, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction.  You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus and, if applicable, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus, is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus and, if applicable, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus, is delivered or securities are sold on a later date.

 

This prospectus may be supplemented from time to time by one or more prospectus supplements. Any such prospectus supplements may include additional information, such as additional risk factors or other special considerations applicable to us, our business or results of operations or our common stock, and may also update or change the information in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement.

 

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SUMMARY

 

The following summary provides an overview of selected information related to this offering and does not contain all the information that you should consider before investing in our securities.  You should carefully read this entire prospectus, including the risks of investing discussed under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 5, the financial statements and related notes and other information incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and, if applicable, any prospectus supplement or related free writing prospectus, and the additional information described under the captions “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference,” before buying securities in this offering. Unless the context otherwise requires, “Amyris,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar names refer to Amyris, Inc. References to the “selling stockholders” refer to the stockholders listed herein under the heading “Selling Stockholders” on page 38, who may sell shares from time to time as described in this prospectus.

 

About This Prospectus

 

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, using a “shelf” registration process to register 42,268,338 shares of our common stock, or the Shares.  The shares of common stock registered hereunder consist of (i) shares issuable to the selling stockholders upon exercise of the Warrants and (ii) shares issued or issuable to certain of the selling stockholders upon conversion of shares of the Series B Preferred Stock. The Shares are being registered for resale or other disposition by the selling stockholders. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale or other disposition of the Shares registered hereunder, or interests therein.

 

About Amyris, Inc.

 

Overview

 

We are a leading integrated industrial biotechnology company that is applying our technology platform to engineer, manufacture and sell high performance, low cost products into the Health and Nutrition, Personal Care and Performance Materials markets. Our proven technology platform allows us to rapidly engineer microbes and use them as catalysts to metabolize renewable, plant-sourced sugars into large volume, high-value ingredients. Our biotechnology platform and industrial fermentation process replaces existing complex and expensive chemical manufacturing processes. We believe industrial synthetic biology represents a third industrial revolution, bringing together biology and engineering to generate new, more sustainable materials to meet the growing global demand for bio-based replacements for petroleum, animal- or plant-derived ingredients. We continue to build demand for our current portfolio of products through a sales network comprised of direct sales and distributors, and are engaged in collaborations across each of our three market focus areas to drive additional product sales and partnership opportunities. Via our partnership model, we co-invest in the development of each molecule to bring it from the lab to commercial scale and then capture long term revenue either via the sale of the molecule to the partner and/or value sharing of end product sales.

 

Background

 

Amyris was founded in 2003 in the San Francisco Bay Area by a group of scientists from the University of California, Berkeley. Our first major milestone came in 2005 when, through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, we developed technology capable of creating microbial strains that produce artemisinic acid - a precursor of artemisinin, an effective anti-malarial drug. In 2008, we granted royalty-free licenses to allow Sanofi-Aventis to produce artemisinic acid using our technology. Building on our success with artemisinic acid, in 2007 we began applying our technology platform to develop, manufacture and sell sustainable alternatives to a broad range of markets.

 

We focused our initial development efforts primarily on the production of Biofene ® , our brand of renewable farnesene, a long-chain, branched hydrocarbon molecule that we manufacture through fermentation using engineered microbes. Our farnesene derivatives are sold in hundreds of products as nutraceuticals, skin care, fragrances, solvents, polymers, and lubricants ingredients. The commercialization of farnesene pushed us to create a more cost efficient, faster and accurate development process in the lab and drive costs out of our Brotas, Brazil production facility. This investment has enabled our technology platform to rapidly develop microbial strains and commercialize target molecules. In 2014, we began manufacturing additional molecules for the flavors and fragrance industry, in 2015 we began investing to expand our capabilities to other small molecule chemical classes beyond terpenes via our collaboration with the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency, or DARPA, and in 2016 we expanded into proteins.

 

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Since inception, we have received equity and debt financing from investors including affiliates of Total S.A. (collectively referred to as Total), the international energy company, affiliates of Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited (collectively referred to as Temasek), the Singapore sovereign wealth fund, affiliates of Koninklijke DSM N.V. (collectively referred to as DSM), the global science-based company active in health, nutrition and materials, and various venture capital and private equity investors. Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol AMRS.

 

Our Platform

 

Amyris has invested over $500 million in infrastructure and technology to create microbes that produce chemicals from sugar or other feedstocks at commercial scale. This platform has been used to design, build, optimize, and upscale strains producing 5 distinct molecules, leading to more than 15 commercial products used in 500 consumer products. Our time to market for molecules has decreased from 7 years to less than a year for our most recent molecule, mainly due to our ability to leverage the technology platform we have built.

 

Our technology platform has been in active use since 2008, and has been integrated with our commercial production since 2011, creating a seamless organism development process that we believe makes Amyris an industry leader in the successful scale-up of small molecules. The key performance characteristics of our platform that we believe differentiate Amyris include our proprietary computational tools, strain construction tools, screening and analytics tools, and advanced lab automation and data integration. Our state-of-the-art infrastructure includes industry leading strain engineering and lab automation located in Emeryville, CA, pilot scale production facilities in Emeryville, CA and Campinas, Brazil, a demonstration scale facility in Campinas, Brazil and a commercial scale production facility in Brotas, Brazil.

 

We are able to use a wide variety of feedstocks for production, but have focused on accessing Brazilian sugarcane for our large-scale production because of its renewability, low cost and relative price stability. We have also successfully used other feedstocks such as sugar beets, corn dextrose, sweet sorghum and cellulosic sugars at various manufacturing facilities.

 

Strategy and Business Model

 

Our mission is to apply innovative science to deliver sustainable solutions for a growing world. We seek to become the world’s leading provider of renewable, high-performance alternatives to non-renewable and scarce products. In the past, choosing a renewable product often required producers to compromise on performance or price. With our technology, leading consumer brands can develop products made from renewable sources that offer equivalent or better performance and stable supply with competitive pricing. We call this our No Compromise® value proposition. We aim to improve the world one molecule at a time by providing the best alternatives to the products the world relies on every day.

 

We have developed and are operating our company under a business model that generates cash from collaborations, from product sales, and value share. We believe this combination will enable us to realize our vision of becoming the world’s leading renewable products company.

 

Corporate Information

 

We organized our business in July 2003 as a California corporation under the name Amyris Biotechnologies, Inc. and reincorporated in Delaware in April 2010 and changed our name to Amyris, Inc. Our corporate headquarters are located at 5885 Hollis Street, Suite 100, Emeryville, California 94608, and our telephone number is (510) 450-0761. Our website address is www.amyris.com. The information contained in or accessible through our website or contained on other websites is not a part of, and not incorporated into, this prospectus.

 

Amyris, the Amyris logo, Biofene, Neossance and No Compromise are trademarks or registered trademarks of Amyris, Inc. This prospectus also contains trademarks and trade names of other businesses that are the property of their respective holders.

 

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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

You should read the following selected financial data together with our financial statements and the related notes contained in Item 8 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 and our financial statements and the related notes contained in Item 1 of Part I of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, except that share and per share information for the periods ended December 31, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012 have been revised to reflect the 15-to-1 reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock effective at the close of business on June 5, 2017. The selected data in this section is not intended to replace the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, except that share and per share information for the periods ended December 31, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012 have been revised to reflect the 15-to-1 reverse stock split.

 

We have derived the statements of operations data for each of the three years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 from the audited financial statements contained in Item 8 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. The selected balance sheet data as of December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 and the statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 has been derived from the audited financial statements for such years not included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. The consolidated statement of operations data set forth below for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2017 have been derived from our financial statements included in Item 1 of Part I of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

 

The historical financial information set forth below may not be indicative of our future performance and should be read together with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our historical financial statements and notes to those statements included in Item 7 of Part II and Item 8 of Part II, respectively, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our historical financial statements and notes to those statements included in Item 2 of Part I and Item 1 of Part I, respectively, of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017, and any amendment or update thereto reflected in subsequent filings with the SEC, and all other annual, quarterly and other reports that we file with the SEC after the date of the initial registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and that also are incorporated herein by reference.

 

    Year Ended December 31,   Three Months Ended March 31,
Statements of Operations Data:   2016   2015   2014   2013   2012   2017   2016
    (in thousands, except share and per share amounts)   (unaudited)
Total Revenue   $ 67,192     $ 34,153     $ 43,274     $ 41,119     $ 73,694     $ 12,980     $ 8,811  
Research and development expense     51,412       44,636       49,661       56,065       73,630       14,778       11,906  
Sales, general and administrative expense     47,721       56,262       55,435       57,051       78,718       12,778       12,266  
Net loss     (97,334 )     (218,052 )     2,167       (234,907 )     (206,033 )     (37,371 )     (15,308 )
Net loss attributable to common stockholders     (97,334 )     (217,952 )     2,286       (235,111 )     (205,139 )     (37,371 )     (15,308 )
Net loss per common share:                                                        
Basic   $ (6.12 )   $ (26.20 )   $ 0.44     $ (46.72 )   $ (54.26 )   $ (1.93 )   $ (1.11 )
Diluted   $ (6.55 )   $ (26.20 )   $ (13.52 )   $ (46.72 )   $ (54.26 )   $ (1.93 )   $ (1.74 )
Weighted average number of common shares                                                        
Basic     15,896,013       8,464,105       5,226,673       5,031,518       3,781,191       19,335,948       13,813,304  
Diluted     17,642,963       8,464,105       8,123,963       5,031,518       3,781,191       19,335,948       17,395,472  

 

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    December 31,   March 31,
Balance Sheet Data:   2016   2015   2014   2013   2012   2017
    (in thousands)   (unaudited)
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 27,150     $ 11,992     $ 42,047     $ 6,868     $ 30,592     $ 1,297  
Working capital     (50,745 )     (41,147 )     33,606       (382 )     3,668       (77,553 )
Total assets     129,873       106,116       216,183       198,864       242,834       95,444  
Long-term and related party debt – current portion     59,155       36,281       17,100       6,391       3,325       49,455  
Long-term and related party debt     167,888       115,693       215,361       145,671       100,839       171,483  
Stockholders’ equity     (183,508 )     (158,456 )     (125,063 )     (135,848 )     66,229       (211,251 )

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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RISK FACTORS

 

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the specific factors discussed below, which may be amended, supplemented, or superseded from time to time by reports we file with the SEC in the future. These risk factors should be read together with the financial and other information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus before making a decision to buy our common stock. If any of the risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could suffer. In these circumstances, the market price of our common stock could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment in our common stock.

 

Additional risks and uncertainties beyond those set forth in our reports and not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our operations. Any risks and uncertainties, whether set forth in our reports or otherwise, could cause our business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects to be materially and adversely harmed. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks and uncertainties, and, as a result, you may lose all or part of your investment.

 

Risks Related to Our Business

 

We have incurred losses to date, anticipate continuing to incur losses in the future, and may never achieve or sustain profitability.

 

We have incurred significant losses in each year since our inception and believe that we will continue to incur losses and negative cash flow from operations into at least 2018. As of March 31, 2017, we had an accumulated deficit of $1,171.8 million and had cash, cash equivalents and short term investments of $2.5 million. We have significant outstanding debt, a significant working capital deficit and contractual obligations related to capital and operating leases, as well as purchase commitments of $3.7 million. As of March 31, 2017, our debt totaled $220.9 million, net of discount and issuance cost of $42.0 million, of which $49.5 million is classified as current. Our debt service obligations over the next twelve months are significant, including approximately $18.3 million of anticipated interest payments (excluding interest paid in kind by adding to outstanding principal) and may include potential early conversion payments of up to approximately $15.8 million (assuming all note holders convert) under our outstanding 9.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 (or the “2015 144A Notes”). Furthermore, our debt agreements contain various financial and operating covenants, including restrictions on business that could cause us to be at risk of defaults. We expect to incur additional costs and expenses related to the continued development and expansion of our business, including construction and operation of our manufacturing facilities, contract manufacturing, research and development operations, and operation of our pilot plants and demonstration facility. There can be no assurance that we will ever achieve or sustain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis.

 

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2017 have been prepared on the basis that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. We have incurred significant losses since our inception and we expect that we will continue to incur losses as we aim to successfully execute our business plan and will be dependent on additional public or private financings, collaborations or licensing arrangements with strategic partners, or additional credit lines or other debt financing sources to fund continuing operations. Based on our cash balances, recurring losses since inception and our existing capital resources to fund our planned operations for a twelve month period, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued or one year of the effectiveness of this registration statement. Our operating plans for 2017 and 2018 contemplate a significant reduction in our net cash outflows resulting from (i) growth of sales of existing and new products with positive gross margins, (ii) reduced production costs as a result of manufacturing and technical developments, (iii) cash inflows from collaborations, (iv) access to various financing commitments and (v) strategic asset divestments. In addition, as noted below, for our 2017 and 2018 operating plans, we are dependent on funding from sources that are not subject to existing commitments. We will need to obtain additional funding from equity or debt financings, which may require us to agree to burdensome covenants, grant further security interests in our assets, enter into collaboration and licensing arrangements that require us to relinquish commercial rights, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable. No assurance can be given at this time as to whether we will be able to achieve our expense reduction or fundraising objectives, regardless of the terms. If we are unable to raise additional financing, or if other expected sources of funding are delayed or not received, our ability to continue as a going concern would be jeopardized and we may be forced to delay, scale back or eliminate some of our general and administrative, research and development, or production activities or other operations and reduce investment in new product and commercial development efforts in an effort to provide sufficient funds to continue our operations. If any of these events occurs, our ability to achieve our development and commercialization goals would be adversely affected. In addition, if we are unable to continue as a going concern, we may be unable to meet our obligations under our existing debt facilities, which could result in an acceleration of our obligation to repay all amounts outstanding under those facilities, and we may be forced to liquidate our assets. In such a scenario, the value we receive for our assets in liquidation or dissolution could be significantly lower than the value reflected in our financial statements.

  

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Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the period ending March 31, 2017 do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and cause investors to suffer the loss of all or a substantial portion of their investment.

 

We have limited experience producing our products at commercial scale and may not be able to commercialize our products to the extent necessary to sustain and grow our current business.

 

To commercialize our products, we must be successful in using our yeast strains to produce target molecules at commercial scale and at a commercially viable cost. If we cannot achieve commercially-viable production economics for enough products to support our business plan, including through establishing and maintaining sufficient production scale and volume, we will be unable to achieve a sustainable integrated renewable products business. Virtually all of our production capacity is through a purpose-built, large-scale production plant in Brotas, Brazil. This plant commenced operations in 2013, and scaling and running the plant has been, and continues to be, a time-consuming, costly, uncertain and expensive process. Given our limited experience commissioning and operating our own manufacturing facilities and our limited financial resources, we cannot be sure that we will be successful in achieving production economics that allow us to meet our plans for commercialization of various products we intend to offer. In addition, our attempts to scale production of new molecules at the plant are subject to uncertainty and risk. For example, even to the extent we successfully complete product development in our laboratories and pilot and demonstration facilities, and at contract manufacturing facilities, we may be unable to translate such success to large-scale, purpose-built plants. If this occurs, our ability to commercialize our technology will be adversely affected and we may be unable to produce and sell any significant volumes of our products. Also, with respect to products that we are able to bring to market, we may not be able to lower the cost of production, which would adversely affect our ability to sell such products profitably. In addition, we will likely need to identify and secure access to additional production capacity to satisfy anticipated volume requirements in 2017. There can be no assurance that we will be able obtain such capacity on favorable or acceptable terms, if at all, and even if we are successful in obtaining such capacity, there can be no assurance that we will be able to scale and operate any additional plants to allow us to meet our operational goals, which could harm our ability to grow our business.

 

We will require significant inflows of cash from financings, product sales and collaborations to fund our anticipated operations and to service our debt obligations and may not be able to obtain such funding on favorable terms, if at all.

 

Our planned 2017 and 2018 working capital needs, our planned operating and capital expenditures for 2017 and 2018, and our ability to service our outstanding debt obligations are dependent on significant inflows of cash from financings, existing and new collaboration partners and renewable product sales. We will continue to need to fund our research and development and related activities and to provide working capital to fund production, storage, distribution and other aspects of our business. Some of our anticipated funding sources, such as research and development collaborations, are subject to the risk that we cannot meet milestones, that the collaborations may end prematurely for reasons that may be outside of our control (including technical infeasibility of the project or a collaborator’s right to terminate without cause), or the collaborations are not yet subject to definitive agreements or mandatory funding commitments and, if needed, we may not be able to secure additional types of funding in a timely manner or on reasonable terms, if at all. The inability to generate sufficient cash flow, as described above, could have an adverse effect on our ability to continue with our business plans and our status as a going concern.

  

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If we are unable to raise additional funding, or if other expected sources of funding are delayed or not received, our ability to continue as a going concern would be jeopardized and we would take the following actions as early as the second quarter of 2017 to support our liquidity needs in 2017 and 2018:

 

  Effect significant headcount reductions, particularly with respect to employees not connected to critical or contracted activities across all functions of the Company, including employees involved in general and administrative, research and development, and production activities.

 

  Shift focus to existing products and customers with significantly reduced investment in new product and commercial development efforts.

 

  Reduce production activity at our Brotas manufacturing facility to levels only sufficient to satisfy volumes required for product revenues forecast from existing products and customers.

 

  Reduce expenditures for third party contractors, including consultants, professional advisors and other vendors.

 

  Reduce or delay uncommitted capital expenditures, including non-essential facility and lab equipment, and information technology projects.

 

  Closely monitor the Company's working capital position with customers and suppliers, as well as suspend operations at pilot plants and demonstration facilities.

 

Implementing this plan could have a negative impact on our ability to continue our business as currently contemplated, including, without limitation, delays or failures in our ability to:

 

  Achieve planned production levels;

 

  Develop and commercialize products within planned timelines or at planned scales; and

 

  Continue other core activities.

 

Furthermore, any inability to scale-back operations as necessary, and any unexpected liquidity needs, could create pressure to implement more severe measures. Such measures could have an adverse effect on our ability to meet contractual requirements, including obligations to maintain manufacturing operations, and increase the severity of the consequences described above.

 

Future revenues are difficult to predict, and our failure to predict revenue accurately may cause our results to be below our expectations or those of analysts or investors and could result in our stock price declining.

 

Our revenues are comprised of product revenues and grants and collaborations revenues. We generate the substantial majority of our product revenues from sales to collaborators and distributors and only a small portion from direct sales. Our collaboration, supply and distribution agreements do not usually include any specific purchase obligations. The sales volume of our products in any given period has been difficult to predict. A significant portion of our product sales is dependent upon the interest and ability of third party distributors to create demand for, and generate sales of, such products to end-users. For example, if such distributors are unsuccessful in creating pull-through demand for our products with their customers, such distributors may purchase less of our products from us than we expect. In addition, many of our new and novel products are intended to be a component of other companies’ products; therefore, sales of our products may be contingent on our collaborators’ and/or customers’ timely and successful development and commercialization of end-use products that incorporate our products, and price volatility in the markets for such end-use products, which may include commodities, could adversely affect the demand for our products and the margin we receive for our product sales, which could harm our financial results. Furthermore, we have begun to market and sell some of our products directly to end-consumers, initially in the cosmetics market. Because we have little experience in marketing and selling directly to consumers, it is difficult to predict how successful our efforts will be and we may not achieve the product sales we expect to achieve on the timeline we anticipate, if at all.

 

  7  

 

In addition, we have in the past entered into, and expect in the future to enter into, research and development collaboration arrangements pursuant to which we receive payments from our collaborators. Some of such collaboration arrangements include advance payments in consideration for grants of exclusivity or research and development activities to be performed by us. It has in the past been difficult for us to know with certainty when we will sign a new collaboration arrangement and receive payments thereunder. As a result, achievement of our quarterly and annual financial goals has been difficult to predict with certainty. Once a collaboration agreement has been signed, receipt of cash payments and/or recognition of related revenues may depend on our achievement of research, development, production or cost milestones, which may be difficult to predict. In addition, a portion of the advance payments we receive under our collaboration agreements is typically classified as deferred revenue and recognized over multiple quarters or years. Since our business model depends in part on collaboration agreements with advance payments that we recognize over time, it may also be difficult for us to rapidly increase our revenues through additional collaborations in any period, as revenue from such new collaborations will often be recognized over multiple quarters or years.

 

These factors have made it difficult to predict future revenues and have resulted in our revenues being below our previously announced guidance or analysts’ estimates. We continue to face these risks in the future, which may cause our stock price to decline.

 

A limited number of customers, collaboration partners and distributors account for a significant portion of our revenue, and the loss of major customers, collaboration partners or distributors could harm our operating results.

 

Our revenues have varied significantly from quarter to quarter and are dependent on sales to, and collaborations with, a limited number of customers, collaboration partners and/or distributors. We cannot be certain that customers, collaboration partners and/or distributors that have accounted for significant revenue in past periods, individually or as a group, will continue to generate similar revenue in any future period. If we fail to renew with, or if we lose a major customer, collaborator or distributor or group of customers, collaborators or distributors, our revenue could decline if we are unable to replace the lost revenue with revenue from other sources.

 

Our existing financing arrangements may cause significant risks to our stockholders and may impact our ability to pursue certain transactions and operate our business.

 

As of March 31, 2017, our debt totaled $220.9 million, net of discount and issuance costs of $42.0 million, of which $49.5 million is classified as current. Our cash balance is substantially less than the principal amount of our outstanding debt, and we will be required to generate cash from operations or raise additional working capital through future financings or sales of assets to enable us to repay this indebtedness as it becomes due. There can be no assurance that we will be able to do so.

 

In addition, we have agreed to significant covenants in connection with our debt financing transactions, including restrictions on our ability to incur future indebtedness, and customary events of default, including failure to pay amounts due, breaches of covenants and warranties, material adverse effect events, certain cross defaults and judgments, and insolvency. A failure to comply with the covenants and other provisions of our debt instruments, including any failure to make a payment when required would generally result in events of default under such instruments, which could permit acceleration of such indebtedness and could result in a material adverse effect on us. If such indebtedness is accelerated, it would generally also constitute an event of default under our other outstanding indebtedness, permitting acceleration of such other outstanding indebtedness. Any required repayment of our indebtedness as a result of acceleration or otherwise would lower our current cash on hand such that we would not have those funds available for use in our business or for payment of other outstanding indebtedness.

 

If we are at any time unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to service our indebtedness when payment is due, we may be required to attempt to renegotiate the terms of the instruments relating to the indebtedness, seek to refinance all or a portion of the indebtedness or obtain additional financing. There can be no assurance that we would be able to successfully renegotiate such terms, that any such refinancing would be possible or that any additional financing could be obtained on terms that are favorable or acceptable to us. Any debt financing that is available could cause us to incur substantial costs and subject us to covenants that significantly restrict our ability to conduct our business. If we seek to complete additional equity financings, the interests of existing equity holders may be diluted.

 

  8  

 

In addition, the covenants in our debt agreements materially limit our ability to take certain actions, including our ability to pay dividends, make certain investments and other payments, undertake certain mergers and consolidations, and encumber and dispose of assets. For example, the purchase agreement for convertible notes that we sold in separate closings in October 2013 and January 2014, which we refer to as the Tranche Notes, requires us to obtain the consent of the holders of a majority of these notes before completing any change of control transaction or purchasing assets in one transaction or a series of related transactions in an amount greater than $20.0 million, in each case while the Tranche Notes are outstanding. The holders of the Tranche Notes also have pro rata rights to invest in, and under which they could cancel up to the full amount of their outstanding Tranche Notes to pay for, equity securities that we issue in certain financings, which could delay or prevent us from completing such financings.

 

Furthermore, certain of our outstanding securities, including the Tranche Notes, the 2015 144A Notes, and the Warrants, contain anti-dilution adjustment provisions, which may be triggered by future issuances of equity or equity-linked instruments in financing transactions. If such adjustment provisions are triggered, the conversion or exercise price of such securities will decrease and/or the number of shares issuable upon conversion or exercise of such securities will increase. In such event, existing stockholders will be further diluted and the effective issuance price of such equity or equity-linked instruments will be reduced, which may harm our ability to engage in future financing transactions to fund our business.

 

Our substantial leverage could adversely affect our ability to fulfill our obligations under our existing indebtedness and may place us at a competitive disadvantage in our industry.

 

We continue to have substantial debt outstanding and we may incur additional indebtedness from time to time to finance working capital, product development efforts, strategic acquisitions, investments and partnerships, or capital expenditures, or for other general corporate purposes, subject to the restrictions contained in our debt agreements. Our significant indebtedness and debt service requirements could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and may limit our ability to take advantage of potential business opportunities. For example, our high level of indebtedness presents the following risks:

 

  we will be required to use a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to pay principal and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, product development efforts, acquisitions, investments and strategic alliances and other general corporate requirements;

 

  our substantial leverage increases our vulnerability to economic downturns and adverse competitive and industry conditions and could place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to those of our competitors that are less leveraged;

 

  our debt service obligations could limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and our industry and could limit our ability to pursue other business opportunities, borrow more money for operations or capital in the future and implement our business strategies;

 

  our level of indebtedness and the covenants within our debt instruments may restrict us from raising additional financing on satisfactory terms to fund working capital, capital expenditures, product development efforts, strategic acquisitions, investments and alliances, and other general corporate requirements; and

 

  our substantial leverage may make it difficult for us to attract additional financing when needed.

 

If we are at any time unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to service our indebtedness when payment is due, we may be required to attempt to renegotiate the terms of the instruments relating to the indebtedness, seek to refinance all or a portion of the indebtedness or obtain additional financing. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully renegotiate such terms, that any such refinancing would be possible or that any additional financing could be obtained on terms that are favorable or acceptable to us, if at all.

 

  9  

 

A failure to comply with the covenants and other provisions of our debt instruments, including any failure to make a payment when required, could result in events of default under such instruments, which could permit acceleration of such indebtedness. If such indebtedness is accelerated, it could also constitute an event of default under our other outstanding indebtedness, permitting acceleration of such other outstanding indebtedness. Any required repayment of our indebtedness as a result of acceleration or otherwise would lower our current cash on hand such that we would not have those funds available for use in our business or for payment of other outstanding indebtedness.

 

Our GAAP operating results could fluctuate substantially due to the accounting for the early conversion payment features of outstanding convertible promissory notes.

 

Several of our outstanding convertible debt instruments are accounted for under Accounting Standards Codification 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or ASC 815, as an embedded derivative. For instance, with respect to the 2015 144A Notes, if the holders elect convert their 2015 144A Notes, such converting holders will receive an early conversion payment equal to the present value of the remaining scheduled payments of interest that would have been made on the 2015 144A Notes being converted through April 15, 2019, the maturity date of the 2015 144A Notes. Our 6.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2019, or the 2014 144A Notes, contain a similar early conversion payment feature, provided that the last reported sale price of our common stock for 20 or more trading days (whether or not consecutive) in a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending within five trading days immediately prior to the date we receive a notice of such election to convert exceeds the conversion price in effect on each such trading day. The early conversion payment features of the 2014 144A Notes and the 2015 144A Notes are accounted for under ASC 815 as embedded derivatives. ASC 815 requires companies to bifurcate conversion options from their host instruments and account for them as free standing derivative financial instruments according to certain criteria. The fair value of the derivative is remeasured to fair value at each balance sheet date, with a resulting non-cash gain or loss related to the change in the fair value of the derivative being charged to earnings (loss). We have determined that we must bifurcate and account for the early conversion payment features of the 2014 144A Notes and the 2015 144A Notes, as well as certain other features of our other convertible debt instruments, as embedded derivatives in accordance with ASC 815. We have recorded these embedded derivative liabilities as non-current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet with a corresponding debt discount at the date of issuance that is netted against the principal amount of the 2014 144A Notes, the 2015 144A Notes or other convertible debt instrument, as applicable. The derivative liabilities are remeasured to fair value at each balance sheet date, with a resulting non-cash gain or loss related to the change in the fair value of the derivative liabilities being recorded in other income or loss. There is no current observable market for this type of derivative and, as such, we determine the fair value of the embedded derivatives using the binomial lattice model. The valuation model uses the stock price, conversion price, maturity date, risk-free interest rate, estimated stock volatility and estimated credit spread. Changes in the inputs for these valuation models may have a significant impact on the estimated fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities. For example, an increase in our stock price results in an increase in the estimated fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities. The embedded derivative liabilities may have, on a GAAP basis, a substantial effect on our balance sheet from quarter to quarter and it is difficult to predict the effect on our future GAAP financial results, since valuation of these embedded derivative liabilities are based on factors largely outside of our control and may have a negative impact on our earnings and balance sheet. The effects of these embedded derivatives may cause our GAAP operating results to be below expectations, which may cause our stock price to decline.

 

If we are not able to successfully commence, scale up or sustain operations at our existing and planned manufacturing facilities, our customer relationships, business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

 

A substantial component of our planned production capacity in the near and long term depends on successful operations at our existing and potential large-scale production plants. We are currently operating our first purpose-built, large-scale production plant in Brotas, Brazil and may complete construction of certain other facilities in the coming years. Delays or problems in the construction, start-up or operation of these facilities will cause delays in our ramp-up of production and hamper our ability to reduce our production costs. Delays in construction can occur due to a variety of factors, including regulatory requirements and our ability to fund construction and commissioning costs. For example, in 2012 we determined it was necessary to delay further construction of our large-scale manufacturing facility with São Martinho in order to focus on the construction and commissioning of our Brotas facility. We have since permanently ceased construction of the São Martinho facility. In 2016 we produced at capacity at our Brotas facility and will likely need to identify and secure access to additional production capacity in 2017 based on anticipated volume requirements, either by constructing a new custom-built facility, acquiring an existing facility from a third party, retrofitting an existing facility operated by a current or potential partner or increasing our use of contract manufacturing facilities. In December 2016, we acquired a production facility in Leland, North Carolina, which facility had been previously operated by our partner Glycotech to perform chemical conversion and production of our end-products, and which facility was subsequently transferred to our newly-formed joint venture with Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd. and Nippon Surfactant Industries Co., Ltd. (or collectively “Nikko”). In addition, in February 2017 we broke ground on a second custom-built production facility adjacent to our existing Brotas facility. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to complete such facility on our expected timeline, if at all.

 

  10  

 

Once our large-scale production facilities are built, acquired or retrofitted, we must successfully commission them, if necessary, and they must perform as we expect. If we encounter significant delays, cost overruns, engineering issues, contamination problems, equipment or raw material supply constraints, unexpected equipment maintenance requirements, safety issues, work stoppages or other serious challenges in bringing these facilities online and operating them at commercial scale, we may be unable to produce our renewable products in the time frame and at the cost we have planned. Industrial scale fermentation is an emerging field and it is difficult to predict the effects of scaling up production to commercial scale, which involves various risks to the quality and consistency of our molecules. In addition, in order to produce molecules at our existing and potential future plants, we have been and may in the future be required to perform thorough transition activities, and modify the design of the plant. Any modifications to the production plant could cause complications in the operations of the plant, which could result in delays or failures in production. If any of these risks occur, or if we are unable to create or obtain additional manufacturing capacity necessary to meet existing and potential customer demand, we may need to continue to use, or increase our use of, contract manufacturing sources, which generally entail greater cost to us to produce our products and would therefore reduce our anticipated gross margins and may also prevent us from accessing certain markets for our products. Further, if our efforts to increase (or commence, as the case may be) production at these facilities are not successful, our partners may decide not to work with us to develop additional production facilities, demand more favorable terms or delay their commitment to invest capital in our production. If we are unable to create and sustain manufacturing capacity and operations sufficient to satisfy the existing and potential demand of our customers and partners, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

 

Our reliance on the large-scale production plant in Brotas, Brazil subjects us to execution and economic risks.

 

Our decision to focus our efforts for production capacity on our manufacturing facility in Brotas, Brazil means that we have limited manufacturing sources for our products in 2017 and beyond. While we have undertaken efforts to identify and obtain additional manufacturing capacity for 2017 and beyond, including the manufacturing facility in Leland, North Carolina and the proposed second manufacturing facility at the Brotas site discussed above, there can be no assurance that such efforts will be successful on the timelines or at the cost we require, if at all. Any production delays could have a significant negative impact on our business, including our ability to achieve commercial viability for our products and meeting existing and potential customer demand. With the facility in Brotas, Brazil, we are, for the first time, operating a commercial fermentation and separation facility ourselves. We have in the past faced, and may in the future face, unexpected difficulties associated with the operation of our plants. For example, we have in the past, at certain contract manufacturing facilities and at the Brotas facility, encountered delays and difficulties in ramping up production based on contamination in the production process, problems with plant utilities, lack of automation and related human error, issues arising from process modifications to reduce costs and adjust product specifications or transition to producing new molecules, and other similar challenges. We cannot be certain that we will be able to remedy all of such challenges quickly or effectively enough to achieve commercially viable near-term production costs and volumes.

 

To the extent we secure collaboration arrangements with new or existing partners, we may be required to make significant capital investments at our existing or new facilities in order to produce molecules or other products for such collaborations. Any failure or difficulties in establishing, building up or retooling our operations for these new collaboration arrangements could have a significant negative impact on our business, including our ability to achieve commercial viability for our products, lead to the inability to meet our contractual obligations and could cause us to allocate capital, personnel and other resources from our organization which could adversely affect our business and reputation.

 

  11  

 

As part of our arrangement to build the plant in Brotas, Brazil we have an agreement with Tonon Bioenergia S.A., or Tonon, to purchase from Tonon sugarcane juice and syrup corresponding to a certain number of tons of sugarcane per year, along with specified water and vapor volumes. Until this annual volume is reached, we are restricted from purchasing sugarcane juice or syrup for processing in the facility from any third party, subject to limited exceptions, unless we pay the premium to Tonon that we would have paid if we bought the sugarcane juice from them. As such, we will be relying on Tonon to supply such juice and syrup and utilities on a timely basis, in the volumes we need, and at competitive prices. If a third party can offer superior prices and Tonon does not consent to our purchasing from such third party, we would be required to pay Tonon the applicable premium, which would have a negative impact on our production cost. Furthermore, we agreed to pay a price for the juice or syrup that is based on the lower of the cost of two other products produced by Tonon using such juice, plus a premium. Tonon may not want to sell sugarcane juice or syrup to us if the price of one of the other products is substantially higher than the one setting the price for the juice or syrup we purchase. While the agreement provides that Tonon would have to pay a penalty to us if it fails to supply the agreed-upon volume of syrup or juice for a given month, the penalty may not be enough to compensate us for the increased cost if third-party suppliers do not offer competitive prices. Also, if the prices of the other products produced by Tonon increase, we could be forced to pay those increased prices for production without a related increase in the price at which we can sell our products, reducing or eliminating any margins we can otherwise achieve. If in the future these supply terms no longer provide a viable economic structure for the operation in Brotas, Brazil we may be required to renegotiate our agreement, which could result in manufacturing disruptions and delays. In December 2015, Tonon filed for bankruptcy protection in Brazil. If Tonon is unable to supply sugarcane juice or syrup, water and steam in accordance with our agreement, we may not be able to obtain substitute supplies from third parties in necessary quantities or at favorable prices, or at all. In such event, our ability to manufacture our products in a timely or cost-effective manner, or at all, would be negatively affected, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

Furthermore, as we continue to scale up production of our products, through contract manufacturers, at our existing and planned production plants in Brotas, Brazil and Leland, North Carolina and at any future manufacturing facility, we may be required to store increasing amounts of our products for varying periods of time and under differing temperatures or other conditions that cannot be easily controlled, which may lead to a decrease in the quality of our products and their utility profiles and could adversely affect their value. If our stored products degrade in quality, we may suffer losses in inventory and incur additional costs in order to further refine our stored products or we may need to make new capital investments in shipping, improved storage or sales channels and related logistics.

 

Loss or termination of contract manufacturing relationships could harm our ability to meet our production goals.

 

As we have focused on building and commissioning, acquiring or retrofitting our own plants or the plants of existing or potential partners, respectively, and improving our production economics, we have reduced our use of contract manufacturing and have terminated relationships with some of our contract manufacturing partners. The failure to have multiple available supply options for farnesene or other target molecules could create a risk for us if a single source or a limited number of sources of manufacturing runs into operational issues. In addition, if we are unable to secure the services of contract manufacturers when and as needed, we may lose customer opportunities and the growth of our business may be impaired. We cannot be sure that contract manufacturers will be available when we need their services, that they will be willing to dedicate a portion of their capacity to our projects, or that we will be able to reach acceptable price and other terms with them for the provision of their production services. If we shift priorities and adjust anticipated production levels (or cease production altogether) at contract manufacturing facilities, such adjustments or cessations could also result in disputes or otherwise harm our business relationships with contract manufacturers. In addition, reducing or stopping production at one facility while increasing or starting up production at another facility generally results in significant losses of production efficiency, which can persist for significant periods of time. Also, in order for production to commence under our contract manufacturing arrangements, we generally must provide equipment for such operations, and we cannot be assured that such equipment can be ordered or installed on a timely basis, at acceptable costs, or at all. Further, in order to establish new manufacturing facilities, we need to transfer our yeast strains and production processes from our labs to commercial plants controlled by third parties, which may pose technical or operational challenges that delay production or increase our costs.

 

  12  

 

Our use of contract manufacturers exposes us to risks relating to costs, contractual terms and logistics.

 

While we have commenced commercial production at our Brotas, Brazil and Leland, North Carolina plants, we continue to commercially produce, process and manufacture some specialty molecules through the use of contract manufacturers, and we anticipate that we will continue to use contract manufacturers for the foreseeable future for chemical conversion and production of end-products and, to mitigate cost and volume risks at our large-scale production facilities, for production of Biofene and other fermentation target compounds. Establishing and operating contract manufacturing facilities requires us to make significant capital expenditures, which reduces our cash and places such capital at risk. Also, contract manufacturing agreements may contain terms that commit us to pay for capital expenditures and other costs incurred or expected to be earned by the plant operators and owners, which can result in contractual liability and losses for us even if we terminate a particular contract manufacturing arrangement or decide to reduce or stop production under such an arrangement.

 

The locations of contract manufacturers can pose additional cost, logistics and feedstock challenges. If production capacity is available at a plant that is remote from usable chemical finishing or distribution facilities, or from customers, we will be required to incur additional expenses in shipping products to other locations. Such costs could include shipping costs, compliance with export and import controls, tariffs and additional taxes, among others. In addition, we may be required to use feedstock from a particular region for a given production facility. The feedstock available in such region may not be the least expensive or most effective feedstock for production, which could significantly raise our overall production cost or reduce our product’s quality until we are able to optimize the supply chain.

 

Our operations rely on sophisticated information technology and equipment systems and infrastructure, a disruption of which could harm our operations.

 

We rely on various information technology and equipment systems, some of which are dependent on services provided by third parties, to manage our technology platform and operations. These systems provide critical data and services for internal and external users, including procurement and inventory management, transaction processing, financial, commercial and operational data, human resources management, legal and tax compliance information and other information and processes necessary to operate and manage our business. These systems are complex and are frequently updated as technology improves, and include software and hardware that is licensed, leased or purchased from third parties. If our information technology and equipment systems experience breaches or other failures or disruptions, our systems and the information could be compromised. While we have implemented security measures and disaster recovery plans designed to mitigate the effects of any failures or disruption of these systems, such measures may not adequately prevent adverse events such as breaches or failures from occurring or mitigate their severity if they do occur. If our information technology or equipment systems are breached, damaged or fail to function properly due to internal errors or defects, implementation or integration issues, catastrophic events or power outages, we may experience a material disruption in our ability to manage our business operations. Failure or disruption of these systems could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

 

If we are unable to reduce our production costs, we may not be able to produce our products at competitive prices and our ability to grow our business will be limited.

 

In order to be competitive in the markets we are targeting, our products must have superior qualities or be competitively priced relative to alternatives available in the market. Currently, our costs of production are not low enough to allow us to offer some of our planned products at competitive prices relative to alternatives available in the market. Our production costs depend on many factors that could have a negative effect on our ability to offer our planned products at competitive prices, including, in particular, our ability to establish and maintain sufficient production scale and volume, and feedstock cost. For example, see “ We have limited experience producing our products at commercial scale and may not be able to commercialize our products to the extent necessary to sustain and grow our current business ,” “ Our manufacturing operations require sugar feedstock, energy and steam, and the inability to obtain such feedstock, energy and steam in sufficient quantities or in a timely manner, or at reasonable prices, may limit our ability to produce products profitably or at all ,” and “ The price of sugarcane and other feedstocks can be volatile as a result of changes in industry policy and may increase the cost of production of our products .”

 

  13  

 

We face financial risk associated with scaling up production to reduce our production costs. To reduce per-unit production costs, we must increase production to achieve economies of scale and to be able to sell our products with positive margins. However, if we do not sell production output in a timely manner or in sufficient volumes, our investment in production will harm our cash position and generate losses. Additionally, we may incur added costs in storage and we may face issues related to the decrease in quality of our stored products, which could adversely affect the value of such products. Since achieving competitive product prices generally requires increased production volumes and our manufacturing operations and cash flows from sales are in their early stages, we have had to produce and sell products at a loss in the past, and may continue to do so as we build our business. If we are unable to achieve adequate revenues from a combination of product sales and other sources, we may not be able to invest in production and we may not be able to pursue our business plans. In addition, in order to attract potential collaboration or joint venture partners, or to meet payment milestones under existing or future collaboration agreements, we have in the past and may in the future be required to guarantee or meet certain levels of production costs. If we are unable to reduce our production costs to meet such guarantees or milestones, our net cash flow will be further reduced.

 

Key factors beyond production scale and feedstock cost that impact our production costs include yield, productivity, separation efficiency and chemical process efficiency. Yield refers to the amount of the desired molecule that can be produced from a fixed amount of feedstock. Productivity represents the rate at which our product is produced by a given yeast strain. Separation efficiency refers to the amount of desired product produced in the fermentation process that we are able to extract and the time that it takes to do so. Chemical process efficiency refers to the cost and yield for the chemical finishing steps that convert our target molecule into a desired product. In order to compete successfully in our target markets, we must produce our products at significantly lower costs, which will require both substantially higher yields than we have achieved to date and other significant improvements in production efficiency, including in productivity and in separation and chemical process efficiencies. There can be no assurance that we will be able to make these improvements or reduce our production costs sufficiently to offer our planned products at competitive prices or to attract and maintain collaboration partners, and any such failure could have a material adverse impact on our business and prospects.

 

Our ability to establish substantial commercial sales of our products is subject to many risks, any of which could prevent or delay revenue growth and adversely impact our customer relationships, business and results of operations.

 

There can be no assurance that our products will be approved or accepted by customers, that customers will choose our products over competing products, or that we will be able to sell our products profitably at prices and with features sufficient to establish demand. The markets we have entered first are primarily those for specialty chemical products used by large consumer products or specialty chemical companies. In entering these markets, we have sold and we intend to sell our products as alternatives to chemicals currently in use, and in some cases the chemicals that we seek to replace have been used for many years. The potential customers for our molecules generally have well developed manufacturing processes and arrangements with suppliers of the chemical components of their products and may have a resistance to changing these processes and components. These potential customers frequently impose lengthy and complex product qualification procedures on their suppliers, influenced by consumer preference, manufacturing considerations such as process changes and capital and other costs associated with transitioning to alternative components, supplier operating history, established business relationships and agreements, regulatory issues, product liability and other factors, many of which are unknown to, or not well understood by, us. Satisfying these processes may take many months or years. Additionally, we may be subject to product safety testing and may be required to meet certain regulatory and/or product safety standards. Meeting these standards can be a time consuming and expensive process, and we may invest substantial time and resources into such qualification efforts without ultimately securing approval. If we are unable to convince these potential customers (and the consumers who purchase products containing such chemicals) that our products are comparable to the chemicals that they currently use or that the use of our products is otherwise to their benefit, we will not be successful in entering these markets and our business will be adversely affected.

 

  14  

 

We expect to face competition for our products from providers of petroleum-based products and from other companies seeking to provide alternatives to these products, and if we cannot compete effectively against these companies or products we may not be successful in bringing our products to market or further growing our business after we do so.

 

We expect that our renewable products will compete with both the traditional, largely petroleum-based products that are currently being used in our target markets and with the alternatives to these existing products that established enterprises and new companies are seeking to produce.

 

In the markets that we are initially entering, and in other markets that we may seek to enter in the future, we will compete primarily with the established providers of ingredients currently used in products in these markets. Producers of these incumbent products include global oil companies, large international chemical companies and companies specializing in specific products, such as squalane or essential oils. We may also compete in one or more of these markets with products that are offered as alternatives to the traditional petroleum-based or other traditional products being offered in these markets.

 

With the emergence of many new companies seeking to produce products from alternative sources, we may face increasing competition from such companies. As they emerge, some of these companies may be able to establish production capacity and commercial partnerships to compete with us. If we are unable to establish production and sales channels that allow us to offer comparable products at attractive prices, we may not be able to compete effectively with these companies.

 

We believe the primary competitive factors in our target markets are:

 

  product price;

 

  product performance and other measures of quality;

 

  infrastructure compatibility of products;

 

  sustainability; and

 

  dependability of supply.

 

The oil companies, large chemical companies and well-established agricultural products companies with whom we compete are much larger than us, have, in many cases, well developed distribution systems and networks for their products, have valuable historical relationships with the potential customers we are seeking to serve and have much more extensive sales and marketing programs in place to promote their products. In order to be successful, we must convince customers that our products are at least as effective as the traditional products they are seeking to replace and we must provide our products on a cost basis that does not greatly exceed these traditional products and other available alternatives. Some of our competitors may use their influence to impede the development and acceptance of renewable products of the type that we are seeking to produce.

 

We believe that for our chemical products to succeed in the market, we must demonstrate that our products are comparable alternatives to existing products and to any alternative products that are being developed for the same markets based on some combination of product cost, availability, performance, and consumer preference characteristics. With respect to our diesel and other transportation fuels products, we believe that our product must perform as effectively as petroleum-based fuel, or alternative fuels, and be available on a cost basis that does not greatly exceed these traditional products and other available alternatives. In addition, with the wide range of renewable fuels products under development, we must be successful in reaching potential customers and convincing them that ours are effective and reliable alternatives.

 

  15  

 

Certain rights we have granted to Total, DSM and other existing stockholders, including in relation to our future securities offerings, could have substantial impacts on our company.

 

Under certain agreements between us and Total related to Total’s original investment in our capital stock, for as long as Total owns 10% of our voting securities, it has rights to an exclusive negotiation period if our board of directors decides to sell our company. In addition, in connection with Total’s investments in Amyris, our certificate of incorporation includes a provision that excludes Total from prohibitions on business combinations between Amyris and an “interested stockholder.” These provisions could have the effect of discouraging potential acquirers from making offers to acquire us, and give Total more access to Amyris than other stockholders if Total decides to pursue an acquisition.

 

In addition, Total, DSM, Temasek and certain other investors have the right to designate one or more directors to serve on our board of directors pursuant to agreements between us and such investors.

 

In May 2017, we entered into an agreement with DSM, pursuant to which we agreed (i) that for as long as there is a DSM-designated director serving on our board of directors, we will not engage in certain commercial or financial transactions or arrangements without the consent of such director, (ii) to provide DSM with certain exclusive negotiating rights in connection with certain future commercial projects and arrangements, and (iii) to use a portion of our manufacturing capacity for toll manufacturing of DSM’s products, subject to certain conditions. These provisions could discourage other potential partners from approaching us with business opportunities, and could restrict, delay or prevent us from pursuing or engaging in such opportunities, which could adversely affect our business.

 

Additionally, in connection with investments in Amyris, we granted certain investors, including Total and DSM, a right of first investment if we propose to sell securities in certain financing transactions. With these rights, such investors may subscribe for a portion of any such new financing and require us to comply with certain notice periods, which could discourage other investors from participating in, or cause delays in our ability to close, such a financing. Further, such investors in certain cases have the right to pay for any securities purchased in connection with an exercise of their right of first investment by cancelling all or a portion of our debt held by them. To the extent such investors exercise these rights, it will reduce the cash proceeds we may realize from the relevant financing.

 

Our relationship with Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc. exposes us to financial and commercial risks.

 

In June 2016, we entered into an initial strategic partnership agreement with Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc., or Ginkgo, pursuant to which we licensed certain intellectual property to Ginkgo in exchange for a license fee and royalty, and agreed to pursue the negotiation and execution of a definitive partnership agreement setting forth the terms of a long-term commercial partnership and collaboration arrangement between us and Ginkgo, and in September 2016 we executed a definitive collaboration agreement with Ginkgo setting forth the terms of a commercial partnership under which the parties would collaborate to develop, manufacture and sell commercial products and would share in the value of such products. In connection with the entry into such commercial agreements, we received a waiver under, and subsequently entered into an amendment of, our senior secured credit facility, the agent and lender under which is an affiliate of Ginkgo, which amendment extended, subject to certain conditions which were satisfied in January 2017, the maturity of the loans under the senior secured credit facility, eliminated principal repayments under the facility prior to maturity, subject to the requirement that we apply certain monies received by us under the collaboration agreement with Ginkgo to repay the outstanding loans under the facility, and waived the covenant in the senior secured loan facility requiring the Company to maintain unrestricted, unencumbered cash in defined U.S. bank accounts in an amount equal to at least 50% of the principal amount outstanding under the facility until the maturity date.

 

There can be no assurance that our partnership with Ginkgo will be successful, and the partnership may prevent us from pursuing other business opportunities in the future. If the partnership is unsuccessful, our ability to continue with our business plans would be adversely affected. In addition, negative developments in our commercial partnership with Ginkgo could negatively affect our relationship with the agent and lender under our senior secured credit facility, an affiliate of Ginkgo, which could adversely impact our ability to incur additional indebtedness in the future or take other actions the consent for which would be required from the agent and lender under the facility. In such event, our financial condition and business operations could be adversely affected.

 

  16  

 

If we do not meet technical, development and commercial milestones in our collaboration agreements, our future revenue and financial results will be adversely impacted.

 

We have entered into a number of agreements regarding the further development of certain of our products and, in some cases, for ultimate sale of certain products to the customer under the agreement. None of these agreements affirmatively obligates the other party to purchase specific quantities of any products at this time, and most contain important conditions that must be satisfied before additional research and development funding or product purchases would occur. These conditions include research and development milestones and technical specifications that must be achieved to the satisfaction of our collaborators, which we cannot be certain we will achieve. If we do not achieve these contractual milestones, our revenues and financial results will be adversely affected.

 

We are subject to risks related to our reliance on collaboration arrangements to fund development and commercialization of our products and the success of such products is uncertain.

 

For most product markets we are seeking to enter, we either have or are seeking collaboration partners to fund the research and development, commercialization and production efforts required for the target products. Typically we provide limited exclusive rights and revenue sharing with respect to the production and sale of particular types of products in specific markets in exchange for such up-front funding. These exclusivity, revenue-sharing and other similar terms limit our ability to commercialize our products and technology, and may impact the size of our business or our profitability in ways that we do not currently envision. In addition, revenues from these types of relationships are a key part of our cash plan for 2017 and beyond. If we fail to collect expected collaboration revenues, or to identify and add sufficient additional collaborations to fund our planned operations, we may be unable to fund our operations or pursue development and commercialization of our planned products. To achieve our collaboration revenue targets from year to year, we may be forced to enter into agreements that contain less favorable terms. As part of our current and future collaboration arrangements, we may be required to make significant capital investments at our existing or new facilities in order to produce molecules or other products for such collaborations. Any failure or difficulties in establishing, building up or retooling our operations for these collaboration arrangements could have a significant negative impact on our business, including our ability to achieve commercial viability for our products, lead to the inability to meet our contractual obligations and could cause us to allocate capital, personnel and other resources from our organization which could adversely affect our business and reputation.

 

With respect to pharmaceutical collaborations, our experience in this industry is limited, so we may have difficulty identifying and securing collaboration partners and customers for pharmaceutical applications of our products and services. Furthermore, our success in the pharmaceutical market depends primarily upon our ability to identify and validate new small molecule compounds of pharmaceutical interest (including through the use of our discovery platform), and identify, test, develop and commercialize such compounds. Our research efforts may initially show promise in discovering potential new therapeutic candidates, yet fail to yield viable product candidates for clinical development for a number of reasons, including:

 

  because our research methodology, including our screening technology, may not successfully identify medically relevant product candidates;

 

  we may identify and select from our discovery platform novel untested classes of product candidates for the particular disease indication we are pursuing, which may be challenging to validate because of the novelty of the product candidates or we may fail to validate at all after further research work;

 

  our product candidates may cause adverse effects in patients or subjects, even after successful initial toxicology studies, which may make the product candidates unmarketable;

 

  our product candidates may not demonstrate a meaningful benefit to patients or subjects; and

 

  collaboration partners may change their development profiles or plans for potential product candidates or abandon a therapeutic area or the development of a partnered product.

 

  17  

 

Research programs to identify new product targets and candidates require substantial technical, financial and human resources. We may focus our efforts and resources on potential discovery efforts, programs or product candidates that ultimately prove to be unsuccessful.

 

Our collaboration arrangements may restrict or prevent our future business activity in certain markets or industries, which could harm our ability to grow our business.

 

As part of our collaboration arrangements in the ordinary course of business, we may grant to our partners exclusive rights with respect to the development, production and/or commercialization of particular products or types of products in specific markets in exchange for up-front funding and/or downstream value sharing arrangements. These rights might inhibit potential collaboration or strategic partners or potential customers from entering into negotiations with us about further business opportunities, and we may be restricted or prevented from engaging with other partners or customers in those markets, which may limit our ability to grow our business.

 

For example, under our Amended and Restated Jet Fuel Agreement with Total Amyris BioSolutions B.V., or TAB, our joint venture with Total, and our License Agreement regarding Diesel Fuel in the European Union with Total, we granted TAB and Total, respectively, certain exclusive rights to produce and commercialize farnesene- or farnesane-based jet and diesel fuel in certain jurisdictions, as well as certain purchase rights. As a result of these agreements, we generally no longer have an independent right to make or sell farnesene- or farnesane-based jet or diesel fuels in such jurisdictions without the approval of TAB or Total, as applicable. If, for any reason, we would like to pursue farnesene- or farnesane-based jet or diesel fuels in such jurisdictions independently or with a third party, these arrangements could impair our ability to develop, produce or commercialize such jet or diesel fuels, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and long term prospects.

 

In the past, we have had to grant concessions to existing partners in exchange for such partners waiving or modifying their exclusive rights with respect to a particular product, type of product or market so that we could engage with a third party with respect to such product, product type or market. There can be no assurance that existing partners will be willing to grant waivers or modify their exclusive rights in the future on favorable terms, if at all. If we are unable to engage other potential partners with respect to particular products, products types or markets for which we have previously granted exclusive rights, our ability to grow our business would be harmed and our results of operations may be adversely effected.

 

If our collaboration partners are not successful in commercializing products that incorporate our technology, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

 

We rely on our collaboration partners to create demand with end-users for products that incorporate our products and technologies. If such collaboration partners are unable to create such demand, we may not be able to successfully market or sell our products. In addition, while we maintain certain clawback rights to our technology in the event our collaboration partners are unable or unwilling to commercialize the products we create for them under the applicable collaboration arrangement, if our collaboration partners do not commercialize the products covered by our collaboration or supply arrangements, we may be restricted from or unable to market or sell such products or technologies to other potential collaboration partners, which could hinder the growth of our business. If we allocate resources to collaborations that do not lead to products that are commercially viable, our revenues, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

In addition, certain of our collaboration partners have the right to terminate their agreements with us if we undergo a change of control or a sale of our business, which could discourage a potential acquirer from making an offer to acquire us.

 

We have limited control over our joint ventures.

 

As a result of the restructuring of our joint ventures TAB and Novvi LLC during 2016, we do not have the right or power to control the management of such entities, and our joint venture partners may take action with respect to such joint ventures which is contrary to our interests or objectives. In addition, with respect to the joint venture we formed in December 2016 with Nikko relating to our Neossance cosmetic ingredients business, while we hold a 50% equity interest in such joint venture and have a right to appoint one half of its board of directors, our joint venture partners acting together will have the right to designate the Chief Executive Officer and certain other officers, which would restrict our ability to control the operations of such joint venture. If our joint venture partners act contrary to our interest, it could harm our brand, business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, operating a joint venture often requires additional organizational formalities as well as time-consuming procedures for sharing information and making decisions, which can divert management resources, and if a joint venture partner changes or relationships deteriorate, our success in the joint venture may be materially adversely affected, which could harm our business. Furthermore, with respect to TAB, if we were to experience a change of control or fail to make any required capital contribution to TAB, Total has a right to buy out our interest in TAB at fair market value. If Total were to exercise these rights, we would, in effect, relinquish our economic rights to the intellectual property we have exclusively licensed to TAB, and our ability to seek future revenue from farnesene-based jet fuel outside of Brazil would be adversely affected (or completely prevented). This could significantly reduce the value of our product offerings and have a material adverse effect on our ability to grow our business in the future.

 

  18  

 

Our manufacturing operations require sugar feedstock, energy and steam, and the inability to obtain such feedstock, energy and steam in sufficient quantities or in a timely manner, or at reasonable prices, may limit our ability to produce our products profitably, or at all.

 

We anticipate that the production of our products will require large volumes of feedstock. We have relied on a mixture of feedstock sources for use at our contract manufacturing operations, including cane sugar, corn-based dextrose and beet molasses. For our large-scale production facility in Brazil, we are relying primarily on Brazilian sugarcane. We cannot predict the future availability or price of these various feedstocks, nor can we be sure that our mill partners, which we expect to supply the sugarcane feedstock necessary to produce our products in Brazil, will be able to supply it in sufficient quantities or in a timely manner. For example, in December 2015, Tonon, one of our suppliers of sugarcane juice and syrup, filed for bankruptcy protection in Brazil, which may adversely affect its ability to supply us with sugarcane juice and syrup in the future. Furthermore, to the extent we are required to rely on sugar feedstock other than Brazilian sugarcane, the cost of such feedstock may be higher than we expect, increasing our anticipated production costs. Feedstock crop yields and sugar content depend on weather conditions, such as rainfall and temperature. Weather conditions have historically caused volatility in the ethanol and sugar industries by causing crop failures or reduced harvests. Excessive rainfall can adversely affect the supply of sugarcane and other sugar feedstock available for the production of our products by reducing the sucrose content and limiting growers' ability to harvest. Crop disease and pestilence can also occur from time to time and can adversely affect feedstock growth, potentially rendering useless or unusable all or a substantial portion of affected harvests. With respect to sugarcane, our initial primary feedstock, seasonal availability and price, the limited amount of time during which it keeps its sugar content after harvest, and the fact that sugarcane is not itself a traded commodity, increases these risks and limits our ability to substitute supply in the event of such an occurrence. If production of sugarcane or any other feedstock we may use to produce our products is adversely affected by these or other conditions, our production will be impaired, and our business will be adversely affected.

 

Additionally, our facility in Brotas, Brazil depends on large quantities of energy and steam to operate. We have a supply agreement with Cogeração de Energia Elétrica Rhodia Brotas S.A. pursuant to which we receive energy and steam in sufficient amounts to meet our current needs. However, we cannot predict the future availability or price of energy and steam. If, for whatever reason, we must purchase energy or steam from a different supplier, the cost of such energy and steam may be higher than we expect, increasing our anticipated production costs. Droughts or other weather conditions or natural disasters in Brazil may also affect energy and steam production, cost and availability and, therefore, may adversely affect our production. If our supply and access to energy or steam is adversely affected by these or other conditions, our production will be impaired, and our business will be adversely affected.

 

The price of sugarcane and other feedstocks can be volatile as a result of changes in industry policy and may increase the cost of production of our products.

 

In Brazil, Conselho dos Produtores de Cana, Açúcar e Álcool (Council of Sugarcane, Sugar and Ethanol Producers or Consecana), an industry association of producers of sugarcane, sugar and ethanol, sets market terms and prices for general supply, lease and partnership agreements for sugarcane. If Consecana makes changes to such terms and prices, it could result in higher sugarcane prices and/or a significant decrease in the volume of sugarcane available for the production of our products. Furthermore, if Consecana were to cease to be involved in this process, such prices and terms could become more volatile. Similar principles apply to the pricing of other feedstocks as well. Any of these events could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 

  19  

 

Our large-scale commercial production capacity is centered in Brazil, and our business will be adversely affected if we do not operate effectively in that country.

 

For the foreseeable future, we will be subject to risks associated with the concentration of essential product sourcing and operations in Brazil. The Brazilian government has changed in the past, and may change in the future, monetary, taxation, credit, tariff, labor and other policies to influence the course of Brazil's economy. For example, the government's actions to control inflation have at times involved setting wage and price controls, adjusting interest rates, imposing taxes and exchange controls and limiting imports into Brazil. We have no control over, and cannot predict what policies or actions the Brazilian government may take in the future. Our business, financial performance and prospects may be adversely affected by, among others, the following factors:

 

  delays or failures in securing licenses, permits or other governmental approvals necessary to build and operate facilities and use our yeast strains to produce products;

 

  rapid consolidation in the sugar and ethanol industries in Brazil, which could result in a decrease in competition;

 

  political, economic, diplomatic or social instability in or affecting Brazil;

 

  changing interest rates;

 

  tax burden and policies;

 

  effects of changes in currency exchange rates;

 

  any changes in currency exchange policy that lead to the imposition of exchange controls or restrictions on remittances abroad;

 

  inflation;

 

  land reform or nationalization movements;

 

  changes in labor related policies;

 

  export or import restrictions that limit our ability to move our products out of Brazil or interfere with the import of essential materials into Brazil;

 

  changes in, or interpretations of foreign regulations that may adversely affect our ability to sell our products or repatriate profits to the United States;

 

  tariffs, trade protection measures and other regulatory requirements;

 

  compliance with United States and foreign laws that regulate the conduct of business abroad;

 

  compliance with anti-corruption laws recently enacted in Brazil;

 

  an inability, or reduced ability, to protect our intellectual property in Brazil including any effect of compulsory licensing imposed by government action; and

 

  difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations. 

 

  20  

 

We cannot predict whether the current or future Brazilian government will implement changes to existing policies on taxation, exchange controls, monetary strategy, labor relations, social security and the like, nor can we estimate the impact of any such changes on the Brazilian economy or our operations.

 

Brazil’s economy has recently experienced quarters of slow or negative gross domestic product growth and has experienced high inflation and a growing fiscal deficit of its federal government accounts. In addition, major corruption scandals involving members of the executive, state-controlled enterprises and large private sector companies have been disclosed and are the subject of ongoing investigation by federal authorities. The final outcome of these investigations and their impact on the Brazilian economy is not yet known and cannot be predicted with certainty.

 

In addition, during the 2016 U.S. presidential election campaign, President Trump made comments suggesting that he was not supportive of certain existing international trade agreements as well as that he might take action to restrict or tax products imported into the U.S. from foreign jurisdictions. At this time, it remains unclear what President Trump will or will not do with respect to these international trade agreements or U.S. trade policy. If President Trump takes action to withdraw from or materially modify international trade agreements or place restrictions or tariffs on products imported from Brazil, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

We maintain operations in foreign jurisdictions other than Brazil, and may in the future expand our operations to additional foreign jurisdictions. Many, if not all of the above-mentioned risks also apply to our operations in such jurisdictions. If any of these risks were to occur, our operations and business would be adversely affected.

 

Our international operations expose us to the risk of fluctuation in currency exchange rates and rates of foreign inflation, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

 

We currently incur significant costs and expenses in Brazilian real and may in the future incur additional expenses in foreign currencies and derive a portion of our revenues in the local currencies of customers throughout the world. As a result, our revenues and results of operations are subject to foreign exchange fluctuations, which we may not be able to manage successfully. During the past few decades, the Brazilian currency in particular has faced frequent and substantial exchange rate fluctuations in relation to the United States dollar and other foreign currencies. There can be no assurance that the Brazilian real will not significantly appreciate or depreciate against the United States dollar in the future. We also bear the risk that the rate of inflation in the foreign countries where we incur costs and expenses or the decline in value of the United States dollar compared to those foreign currencies will increase our costs as expressed in United States dollars. For example, future measures by the Central Bank of Brazil to control inflation, including interest rate adjustments, intervention in the foreign exchange market and actions to fix the value of the real, may weaken the United States dollar in Brazil. Whether in Brazil or elsewhere, we may not be able to adjust the prices of our products to offset the effects of inflation or foreign currency appreciation on our cost structure, which could increase our costs and reduce our net operating margins. If we do not successfully manage these risks through hedging or other mechanisms, our revenues and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

Ethical, legal and social concerns about products using genetically modified microorganisms could limit or prevent the use of our products and technologies and could harm our business.

 

Our technologies and products involve the use of genetically modified microorganisms, or GMMs. Public perception about the safety of, and ethical, legal or social concerns over, genetically engineered products, including GMMs, could affect public acceptance of our products. If we are not able to overcome any such concerns relating to our products, our technologies may not be accepted by our customers or end-users. In addition, the use of GMMs has in the past received negative publicity, which could lead to greater regulation or restrictions on imports of our products. Further, there is a risk that products produced using our technologies could cause adverse health effects or other adverse events, which could also lead to negative publicity. If our technologies and products are not accepted by our customers or their end-users due to negative publicity or lack of public acceptance, our business could be significantly harmed.

 

  21  

 

Our use of genetically-modified feedstocks and yeast strains to produce our products subjects us to risks of regulatory limitations and rejection of our products.

 

The use of GMMs, such as our yeast strains, is subject to laws and regulations in many countries, some of which are new and some of which are still evolving. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), regulates the commercial use of GMMs as well as potential products produced from GMMs. Various states or local governments within the United States could choose to regulate products made with GMMs as well. While the strain of genetically modified yeast that we currently use for the development and commercial production of our target molecules,  S. cerevisiae , is eligible for exemption from EPA review because it is generally recognized as safe, we must satisfy certain criteria to achieve this exemption, including but not limited to use of compliant containment structures and safety procedures, and we cannot be sure that we will meet such criteria in a timely manner, or at all. If exemption of  S. cerevisiae  is not obtained, our business may be substantially harmed. In addition to  S. cerevisiae , we may seek to use different GMMs in the future that will require EPA approval. If approval of different GMMs is not secured, our ability to grow our business could be adversely affected.

 

In Brazil, GMMs are regulated by the National Biosafety Technical Commission, or CTNBio. We have obtained approvals from CTNBio to use GMMs in a contained environment in our Brazil facilities for research and development purposes as well as at contract manufacturing facilities in Brazil. In addition, we have obtained initial commercial approvals from CTNBio for two of our yeast strains. As we continue to develop new yeast strains and deploy our technology at new production facilities in Brazil, we will be required to obtain further approvals from CTNBio in order to use these strains in commercial production in Brazil. We may not be able to obtain approvals from relevant Brazilian authorities on a timely basis, or at all, and if we do not, our ability to produce our products in Brazil would be impaired, which would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

 

In addition to our production operations in the United States and Brazil, we have been party to contract manufacturing agreements with parties in other production locations around the world, including Europe. The use of GMM technology is strictly regulated in the European Union, which has established various directives for member states regarding regulation of the use of such technology, including notification processes for contained use of such technology. We expect to encounter GMM regulations in most, if not all, of the countries in which we may seek to establish production capabilities and/or conduct sales to customers or end-use consumers, and the scope and nature of these regulations will likely be different from country to country. If we cannot meet the applicable requirements in other countries in which we intend to produce or sell products using our yeast strains, or if it takes longer than anticipated to obtain such approvals, our business could be adversely affected. Furthermore, there are various non-governmental and quasi-governmental organizations that review and certify products with respect to the determination of whether products can be classified as “natural” or other similar classifications. While the certification from such non-governmental and quasi-governmental organizations is generally not mandatory, some of our current or prospective customers, collaborators or distributors may require that we meet the standards set by such organizations as a condition precedent to purchasing or distributing our products. We cannot be certain that we will be able to satisfy the standards of such organizations, and any delay or failure to do so could harm our ability to sell or distribute some or all of our products to certain customers and prospective customers, which could have a negative impact on our business.

 

We may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for the sale of our renewable products.

 

Our renewable chemical products may be subject to government regulation in our target markets. In the United States, the EPA administers the Toxic Substances Control Act, or the TSCA, which regulates the commercial registration, distribution, and use of many chemicals. Before an entity can manufacture or distribute a new chemical subject to the TSCA, it must file a Pre-Manufacture Notice, or PMN, to add the chemical to a product. The EPA has 90 days to review the filing but may request additional data, which could significantly extend the timeline for approval. As a result, we may not receive EPA approval to list future molecules on the TSCA registry as expeditiously as we would like, resulting in delays or significant increases in testing requirements. A similar program exists in the European Union, called REACH. Under this program, chemicals imported or manufactured in the European Union in certain quantities must be registered with the European Chemicals Agency, and this process could cause delays or entail significant costs. To the extent that other countries in which we are producing or selling (or seeking to produce or sell) our products, such as Brazil and various countries in Asia, rely on TSCA or REACH (or similar laws and programs) for chemical registration or regulation in their jurisdictions, delays with the United States or European authorities, or any relevant authorities in such other countries, may delay entry into these markets as well. In addition, some of our Biofene-derived products are sold for the cosmetics market, and some countries may impose additional regulatory requirements or permits for such uses, which could impair, delay or prevent sales of our products in those markets.

 

  22  

 

We expect to encounter regulations in most, if not all, of the countries in which we may seek to produce, import or sell our products (and our customers may encounter similar regulations in selling end-use products to consumers), and we cannot assure you that we (or our customers) will be able to obtain necessary approvals in a timely manner or at all. If our products do not meet applicable regulatory requirements in a particular country, then we (or our customers) may not be able to commercialize our products in such country and our business will be adversely affected.

 

In addition, many of our products are intended to be a component of our collaborators’ and/or customers’ (or their customers’) end-use products. Such end-use products may be subject to various regulations, including regulations promulgated by the EPA or the United States Food and Drug Administration. If our collaborators and customers (or their customers) are not successful in obtaining any required regulatory approval for their end-use products that incorporate our products, or fail to comply with any applicable regulations for such end-use products, whether due to our products or otherwise, demand for our products may decline and our revenues will be adversely affected.

 

Changes in government regulations, including subsidies and economic incentives, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

The market for renewable chemical products is heavily influenced by foreign, federal, state and local government regulations and policies. Changes to existing or adoption of new domestic or foreign federal, state and local legislative initiatives that impact the production, distribution or sale of renewable chemical products may harm our business. The uncertainty regarding future standards and policies may also affect our ability to develop new renewable products or to license our technologies to third parties and to sell products to our end customers. Any inability to address these requirements and any regulatory or policy changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Furthermore, the production of our products will depend on the availability of feedstock, especially sugarcane. Agricultural production and trade flows are subject to government policies and regulations. Governmental policies affecting the agricultural industry, such as taxes, tariffs, duties, subsidies, incentives and import and export restrictions on agricultural commodities and commodity products can influence the planting of certain crops, the location and size of crop production, whether unprocessed or processed commodity products are traded, the volume and types of imports and exports, and the availability and competitiveness of feedstocks as raw materials. Future government policies may adversely affect the supply of feedstocks, restrict our ability to use sugarcane or other feedstocks to produce our products, or encourage the use of feedstocks more advantageous to our competitors, which would put us at a commercial disadvantage and could negatively impact our future revenues and results of operations.

 

We may incur significant costs to comply with environmental laws and regulations, and failure to comply with these laws and regulations could expose us to significant liabilities.

 

We use hazardous chemicals and radioactive and biological materials in our business, and such materials are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, generation, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of these materials in the United States and in Brazil. Although we have implemented safety procedures for handling and disposing of these materials and related waste products in an effort to comply with these laws and regulations, we cannot be sure that our safety measures will prevent accidental injury or contamination from the use, storage, handling or disposal of hazardous materials. In the event of contamination or injury, we could be held liable for any resulting damages, and any liability could exceed our insurance coverage. There can be no assurance that violations of environmental, health and safety laws will not occur in the future as a result of human error, accident, equipment failure or other causes. Compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations may be expensive, and the failure to comply with past, present, or future laws could result in the imposition of fines, third party property damage, product liability and personal injury claims, investigation and remediation costs, the suspension of production, or a cessation of operations, and our liability may exceed our total assets. Liability under environmental laws can be joint and several, without regard to comparative fault, and may be punitive in nature. Furthermore, environmental laws could become more stringent over time, imposing greater compliance costs and increasing risks and penalties associated with violations, which could impair our research, development or production efforts and otherwise harm our business.

 

  23  

 

A decline in the price of petroleum and petroleum-based products has in the past and may in the future reduce demand for some of our renewable products and may otherwise adversely affect our business.

 

While many of our products do not compete with, and do not serve as alternatives to, petroleum-based products, we anticipate that some of our renewable products, and in particular our fuels, will be marketed as alternatives to corresponding petroleum-based products. The price of oil has fallen significantly in recent years, and accordingly, we may be unable to produce certain of our products as cost-effective alternatives to petroleum-based products. Declining oil prices, or the perception of a sustained or future decline in oil prices, has adversely affected the prices or demand for such products in the past and may do so in the future. During sustained periods of lower oil prices we may be unable to sell such products at anticipated levels, which could negatively impact our operating results.

 

Our financial results could vary significantly from quarter to quarter and are difficult to predict.

 

Our revenues and results of operations could vary significantly from quarter to quarter because of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. As a result, comparing our results of operations on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. Factors that could cause our quarterly results of operations to fluctuate include:

 

  achievement, or failure, with respect to technology, product development or manufacturing milestones needed to allow us to enter identified markets on a cost effective basis;

 

  delays or greater than anticipated expenses associated with the completion, commissioning, acquisition or retrofittting of new production facilities, or the time to ramp up and stabilize production following completion, acquisition or retrofittting of a new production facility or the transition to, and ramp up of, producing new molecules at our existing facilities;

 

  impairment of assets based on shifting business priorities and working capital limitations;

 

  disruptions in the production process at any manufacturing facility, including disruptions due to seasonal or unexpected downtime at our facilities as a result of feedstock availability, contamination, safety or other issues or other technical difficulties or the scheduled downtime at our facilities as a result of transitioning our equipment to the production of different molecules;

 

  losses of, or the inability to secure new, major customers, collaboration partners, suppliers or distributors;

 

  losses associated with producing our products as we ramp to commercial production levels;

 

  failure to recover value added tax (VAT) that we currently reflect as recoverable in our financial statements (e.g., due to failure to meet conditions for reimbursement of VAT under local law);

 

  the timing, size and mix of product sales to customers;

 

  increases in price or decreases in availability of feedstock;

 

  the unavailability of contract manufacturing capacity altogether or at reasonable cost;

 

  exit costs associated with terminating contract manufacturing relationships;

 

  fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;

 

  24  

 

  gains or losses associated with our hedging activities;

 

  change in the fair value of derivative instruments;

 

  fluctuations in the price of and demand for sugar, ethanol, and petroleum-based and other products for which our products are alternatives;

 

  seasonal variability in production and sales of our products;

 

  competitive pricing pressures, including decreases in average selling prices of our products;

 

  unanticipated expenses or delays associated with changes in governmental regulations and environmental, health, labor and safety requirements;

 

  reductions or changes to existing fuel and chemical regulations and policies;

 

  departure of executives or other key management employees resulting in transition and severance costs;

 

  our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards to offset future taxable income;

 

  business interruptions such as earthquakes, tsunamis and other natural disasters;

 

  our ability to integrate businesses that we may acquire;

 

  our ability to successfully collaborate with business venture partners;

 

  risks associated with the international aspects of our business; and

 

  changes in general economic, industry and market conditions, both domestically and in our foreign markets.

 

Due to the factors described above, among others, the results of any quarterly or annual period may not meet our expectations or the expectations of our investors and may not be meaningful indications of our future performance.

 

Loss of key personnel, including key management personnel, and/or failure to attract and retain additional personnel could delay our product development programs and harm our research and development efforts and our ability to meet our business objectives.

 

Our business involves complex, global operations across a variety of markets and requires a management team and employee workforce that is knowledgeable in the many areas in which we operate. As we continue to build our business, we will need to hire and retain qualified research and development, management and other personnel to succeed. The process of hiring, training and successfully integrating qualified personnel into our operations, in the United States, Brazil and other countries in which we may seek to operate, is a lengthy and expensive one. The market for qualified personnel is very competitive because of the limited number of people available who have the necessary technical skills and understanding of our technology and products, particularly in Brazil. Our failure to hire and retain qualified personnel could impair our ability to meet our research and development and business objectives and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

 

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The loss of any key member of our management or key technical and operational employees, or the failure to attract or retain such employees, could prevent us from developing and commercializing our products for our target markets and executing our business strategy. In addition, we may not be able to attract or retain qualified employees in the future due to the intense competition for qualified personnel among biotechnology and other technology-based businesses, particularly in the renewable chemicals and fuels area. Furthermore, reductions to our workforce as part of cost-saving measures, such as those discussed above with respect to our 2017 operating plan, may make it more difficult for us to attract and retain key employees. If we do not maintain the necessary personnel to accomplish our business objectives, we may experience staffing constraints that will adversely affect our ability to meet the demands of our collaborators and customers in a timely fashion or to support our internal research and development programs and operations. In particular, our product and process development programs depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled technical and operational personnel. Competition for such personnel from numerous companies and academic and other research institutions may limit our ability to do so on acceptable terms. All of our employees are “at-will” employees, which means that either the employee or we may terminate their employment at any time.

 

Growth may place significant demands on our management and our infrastructure.

 

We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, expansion of our business as we continue to make efforts to develop and bring our products to market. We have grown from 18 employees at the end of 2005 to 456 full-time employees at March 31, 2017. Our growth and diversified operations have placed, and may continue to place, significant demands on our management and our operational and financial infrastructure. In particular, continued growth could strain our ability to:

 

  manage multiple research and development programs;

 

  operate multiple manufacturing facilities around the world;

 

  develop and improve our operational, financial and management controls;

 

  enhance our reporting systems and procedures;

 

  recruit, train and retain highly skilled personnel;

 

  develop and maintain our relationships with existing and potential business partners;

 

  maintain our quality standards; and

 

  maintain customer satisfaction.

 

Managing our growth will require significant expenditures and allocation of valuable management resources. If we fail to achieve the necessary level of efficiency in our organization as it grows, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be adversely impacted.

 

Our proprietary rights may not adequately protect our technologies and product candidates.

 

Our commercial success will depend substantially on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate legal protection for our technologies and product candidates in the United States and other countries. As of March 31, 2017, we had approximately 510 issued United States and foreign patents and approximately 340 pending United States and foreign patent applications that were owned or co-owned by or licensed to us. We will be able to protect our proprietary rights from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that our proprietary technologies and future products are covered by valid and enforceable patents or are effectively maintained as trade secrets.

 

We apply for patents covering both our technologies and product candidates, as we deem appropriate. However, filing, prosecuting, maintaining and defending patents on product candidates in all countries throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive, and our intellectual property rights in some countries outside the United States are less extensive than those in the United States. We may also fail to apply for patents on important technologies or product candidates in a timely fashion, or at all. Our existing and future patents may not be sufficiently broad to prevent others from practicing our technologies or from designing products around our patents or otherwise developing competing products or technologies. In addition, the patent positions of companies like ours are highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions for which important legal principles remain unresolved. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of patent claims has emerged to date in the United States and the landscape is expected to become even more uncertain in view of recent rule changes by the United States Patent Office, or USPTO. Additional uncertainty may result from legal decisions by the United States Federal Circuit and Supreme Court as they determine legal issues concerning the scope and construction of patent claims and inconsistent interpretation of patent laws or from legislation enacted by the U.S. Congress. The patent situation outside of the United States is even less predictable. As a result, the validity and enforceability of patents cannot be predicted with certainty. Moreover, we cannot be certain whether:

 

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  we (or our licensors) were the first to make the inventions covered by each of our issued patents and pending patent applications;

 

  we (or our licensors) were the first to file patent applications for these inventions;

 

  others will independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies;

 

  any of our or our licensors' patents will be valid or enforceable;

 

  any patents issued to us (or our licensors) will provide us with any competitive advantages, or will be challenged by third parties;

 

  we will develop additional proprietary products or technologies that are patentable; or

 

  the patents of others will have an adverse effect on our business.

 

We do not know whether any of our pending patent applications or those pending patent applications that we license will result in the issuance of any patents. Even if patents are issued, they may not be sufficient to protect our technology or product candidates. The patents we own or license and those that may be issued in the future may be challenged, invalidated, rendered unenforceable, or circumvented, and the rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with proprietary protection or competitive advantages. Moreover, third parties could practice our inventions in territories where we do not have patent protection or in territories where they could obtain a compulsory license to our technology where patented. Such third parties may then try to import products made using our inventions into the United States or other territories. Accordingly, we cannot ensure that any of our pending patent applications will result in issued patents, or even if issued, predict the breadth, validity and enforceability of the claims upheld in our and other companies' patents.

 

Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries do not favor the enforcement of patents or other intellectual property rights, which could hinder us from preventing the infringement of our patents or other intellectual property rights. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in the United States or foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business, could put our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and our patent applications at risk of not issuing and could provoke third parties to assert patent infringement or other claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we develop or license from third parties.

 

Unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology. Monitoring unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult, and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent unauthorized use of our technology, particularly in certain foreign countries where the local laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States or may provide, today or in the future, for compulsory licenses. If competitors are able to use our technology, our ability to compete effectively could be harmed. Moreover, others may independently develop and obtain patents for technologies that are similar to, or superior to, our technologies. If that happens, we may need to license these technologies, and we may not be able to obtain licenses on reasonable terms, if at all, which could cause harm to our business.

 

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We rely in part on trade secrets to protect our technology, and our failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position.

 

We rely on trade secrets to protect some of our technology, particularly where we do not believe patent protection is appropriate or obtainable. However, trade secrets are difficult to maintain and protect. Our strategy for contract manufacturing and scale-up of commercial production requires us to share confidential information with our international business partners and other parties. Our product development collaborations with third parties, including with Total and Ginkgo, require us to share confidential information, including with employees of Total and Ginkgo who are seconded to Amyris during the term of the collaboration. While we use reasonable efforts to protect our trade secrets, our or our business partners’ employees, consultants, contractors or scientific and other advisors may unintentionally or willfully disclose our proprietary information to competitors. Enforcement of claims that a third party has illegally obtained and is using trade secrets is expensive, time consuming and uncertain. In addition, foreign courts are sometimes less willing than United States courts to protect trade secrets. If our competitors independently develop equivalent knowledge, methods and know-how, we would not be able to assert our trade secrets against them.

 

We require new employees and consultants to execute confidentiality agreements upon the commencement of an employment or consulting arrangement with us. We additionally require consultants, contractors, advisors, corporate collaborators, outside scientific collaborators and other third parties that may receive trade secret information to execute confidentiality agreements. These agreements generally require that all confidential information developed by the individual or made known to the individual by us during the course of the individual's relationship with us be kept confidential and not disclosed to third parties. These agreements also generally provide that inventions conceived by the individual in the course of rendering services to us shall be our exclusive property. Nevertheless, our proprietary information may be disclosed, or these agreements may be unenforceable or difficult to enforce. If any of our trade secrets were to be lawfully obtained or independently developed by a competitor, we would have no right to prevent such third party, or those to whom they communicate such technology or information, from using that technology or information to compete with us. Additionally, trade secret law in Brazil differs from that in the United States, which requires us to take a different approach to protecting our trade secrets in Brazil. Some of these approaches to trade secret protection may be novel and untested under Brazilian law and we cannot guarantee that we would prevail if our trade secrets are contested in Brazil. If any of the above risks materializes, our failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position.

 

We may not be able to fully enforce covenants not to compete with and not to solicit our employees, and therefore we may be unable to prevent our competitors from benefiting from the expertise of such employees.

 

Our proprietary information and inventions agreements with our employees contain non-compete and non-solicitation provisions. These provisions prohibit our employees from competing directly with our business or proposed business or working for our competitors during their term of employment, and from directly and indirectly soliciting our employees and consultants to leave our company for any purpose. Under applicable U.S. and Brazilian law, we may be unable to enforce these provisions. If we cannot enforce these provisions with our employees, we may be unable to prevent our competitors from benefiting from the expertise of such employees. Even if these provisions are enforceable, they may not adequately protect our interests. The defection of one or more of our employees to a competitor could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and ability to capitalize on our proprietary information.

 

Third parties may misappropriate our yeast strains.

 

Third parties, including collaborators, contract manufacturers, sugar and ethanol mill owners, other contractors and shipping agents, often have custody or control of our yeast strains. If our yeast strains were stolen, misappropriated or reverse engineered, they could be used by other parties who may be able to reproduce the yeast strains for their own commercial gain. If this were to occur, it would be difficult for us to challenge and prevent this type of use, especially in countries where we have limited intellectual property protection or that do not have robust intellectual property law regimes.

 

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If we or one of our collaborators are sued for infringing intellectual property rights or other proprietary rights of third parties, litigation could be costly and time consuming and could prevent us from developing or commercializing our future products.

 

Our commercial success depends on our and our collaborators’ ability to operate without infringing the patents and proprietary rights of other parties and without breaching any agreements we have entered into with regard to our technologies and product candidates. We cannot determine with certainty whether patents or patent applications of other parties may materially affect our ability to conduct our business. Our industry spans several sectors, including biotechnology, renewable fuels, renewable specialty chemicals and other renewable compounds, and is characterized by the existence of a significant number of patents and disputes regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. Because patent applications can take several years to issue, there may currently be pending applications, unknown to us, that may result in issued patents that cover our technologies or product candidates. We are aware of a significant number of patents and patent applications relating to aspects of our technologies filed by, and issued to, third parties. The existence of third-party patent applications and patents could significantly reduce the coverage of patents owned by or licensed to us and our collaborators and limit our ability to obtain meaningful patent protection. If we wish to make, use, sell, offer to sell, or import the technology or compound claimed in issued and unexpired patents owned by others, we will need to obtain a license from the owner, enter into litigation to challenge the validity of the patents or incur the risk of litigation in the event that the owner asserts that we infringe its patents. If patents containing competitive or conflicting claims are issued to third parties and these claims are ultimately determined to be valid, we and our collaborators may be enjoined from pursing research, development, or commercialization of products, or be required to obtain licenses to these patents, or to develop or obtain alternative technologies.

 

If a third party asserts that we infringe upon its patents or other proprietary rights, we could face a number of issues that could seriously harm our competitive position, including:

 

  infringement and other intellectual property claims, which could be costly and time consuming to litigate, whether or not the claims have merit, and which could delay getting our products to market and divert management attention from our business;

 

  substantial damages for past infringement, which we may have to pay if a court determines that our product candidates or technologies infringe a third party's patent or other proprietary rights;

 

  a court prohibiting us from selling or licensing our technologies or future products unless the holder licenses the patent or other proprietary rights to us, which it is not required to do; and

 

  if a license is available from a third party, such third party may require us to pay substantial royalties or grant cross licenses to our patents or proprietary rights.

 

The industries in which we operate, and the biotechnology industry in particular, are characterized by frequent and extensive litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights. Many biotechnology companies have employed intellectual property litigation as a way to gain a competitive advantage. If any of our competitors have filed patent applications or obtained patents that claim inventions also claimed by us, we may have to participate in interference proceedings declared by the relevant patent regulatory agency to determine priority of invention and, thus, the right to the patents for these inventions in the United States. These proceedings could result in substantial cost to us even if the outcome is favorable. Even if successful, an interference proceeding may result in loss of certain claims. Our involvement in litigation, interferences, opposition proceedings or other intellectual property proceedings inside and outside of the United States, to defend our intellectual property rights, or as a result of alleged infringement of the rights of others, may divert management time from focusing on business operations and could cause us to spend significant resources, all of which could harm our business and results of operations.

 

Many of our employees were previously employed at universities, biotechnology, specialty chemical or oil companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. We may be subject to claims that these employees or we have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information of their former employers. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. If we fail in defending such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel and be enjoined from certain activities. A loss of key research personnel or their work product could hamper or prevent our ability to commercialize our product candidates, which could severely harm our business. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and demand on management resources.

 

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We may need to commence litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, which would divert resources and management's time and attention and the results of which would be uncertain.

 

Enforcement of claims that a third party is using our proprietary rights without permission is expensive, time consuming and uncertain. Significant litigation would result in substantial costs, even if the eventual outcome is favorable to us and would divert management's attention from our business objectives. In addition, an adverse outcome in litigation could result in a substantial loss of our proprietary rights and we may lose our ability to exclude others from practicing our technology or producing our product candidates.

 

The laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in certain foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, particularly those relating to biotechnology and/or bioindustrial technologies. This could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or misappropriation of our other intellectual property rights. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business. Moreover, our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights in such countries may be inadequate.

 

We do not have exclusive rights to intellectual property we develop under U.S. federally funded research grants and contracts, including with DARPA and the Department of Energy, and we could ultimately share or lose the rights we do have under certain circumstances.

 

Some of our intellectual property rights have been or may be developed in the course of research funded by the U.S. government, including under our agreements with DARPA and the Department of Energy. As a result, the U.S. government may have certain rights to intellectual property embodied in our current or future products pursuant to the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980. Government rights in certain inventions developed under a government-funded program include a non-exclusive, non-transferable, irrevocable worldwide license to use inventions for any governmental purpose. In addition, the U.S. government has the right to require us, or an assignee or exclusive licensee to such inventions, to grant licenses to any of these inventions to a third party if they determine that: (i) adequate steps have not been taken to commercialize the invention; (ii) government action is necessary to meet public health or safety needs; (iii) government action is necessary to meet requirements for public use under federal regulations; or (iv) the right to use or sell such inventions is exclusively licensed to an entity within the U.S. and substantially manufactured outside the U.S. without the U.S. government’s prior approval. Additionally, we may be restricted from granting exclusive licenses for the right to use or sell our inventions created pursuant to such agreements unless the licensee agrees to additional restrictions (e.g., manufacturing substantially all of the invention in the U.S.). The U.S. government also has the right to take title to these inventions if we fail to disclose the invention to the government and fail to file an application to register the intellectual property within specified time limits. In addition, the U.S. government may acquire title in any country in which a patent application is not filed within specified time limits. Additionally, certain inventions are subject to transfer restrictions during the term of these agreements and for a period thereafter, including sales of products or components, transfers to foreign subsidiaries for the purpose of the relevant agreements, and transfers to certain foreign third parties. If any of our intellectual property becomes subject to any of the rights or remedies available to the U.S. government or third parties pursuant to the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, this could impair the value of our intellectual property and could adversely affect our business.

 

Our products subject us to product-safety risks, and we may be sued for product liability.

 

The design, development, production and sale of our products involve an inherent risk of product liability claims and the associated adverse publicity. Our potential products could be used by a wide variety of consumers with varying levels of sophistication. Although safety is a priority for us, we are not always in control of the final uses and formulations of the products we supply or their use as ingredients. Our products could have detrimental impacts or adverse impacts we cannot anticipate. Despite our efforts, negative publicity about Amyris, including product safety or similar concerns, whether real or perceived, could occur, and our products could face withdrawal, recall or other quality issues. In addition, we may be named directly in product liability suits relating to our products, even for defects resulting from errors of our commercial partners, contract manufacturers, chemical finishers or customers or end users of our products. These claims could be brought by various parties, including customers who are purchasing products directly from us or other users who purchase products from our customers. We could also be named as co-parties in product liability suits that are brought against the contract manufacturers or Brazilian sugar and ethanol mills with whom we partner to produce our products. Insurance coverage is expensive, may be difficult to obtain and may not be available in the future on acceptable terms. We cannot be certain that our contract manufacturers or the sugar and ethanol producers who partner with us to produce our products will have adequate insurance coverage to cover against potential claims. Any insurance we do maintain may not provide adequate coverage against potential losses, and if claims or losses exceed our liability insurance coverage, our business would be adversely impacted. In addition, insurance coverage may become more expensive, which would harm our results of operations.

 

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We may become subject to lawsuits or indemnity claims in the ordinary course of business, which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 

From time to time, we may in the ordinary course of business be named as a defendant in lawsuits, indemnity claims and other legal proceedings. These actions may seek, among other things, compensation for alleged personal injury, employment discrimination, breach of contract, property damage and other losses or injunctive or declaratory relief. In the event that such actions, claims or proceedings are ultimately resolved unfavorably to us at amounts exceeding our accrued liability, or at material amounts, the outcome could materially and adversely affect our reputation, business and results of operations. In addition, payments of significant amounts, even if reserved, could adversely affect our liquidity position.

 

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to report our financial results accurately or in a timely manner or prevent fraud; in that case, our stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and could negatively impact the price of our stock.

 

Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. In addition, Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section 404, requires us to evaluate and report on our internal control over financial reporting. The process of implementing our internal controls and complying with Section 404 is expensive and time consuming, and requires significant attention of management. We cannot be certain that these measures will ensure that we maintain adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future. In addition, to the extent we create joint ventures or have any variable interest entities and the financial statements of such entities are not prepared by us, we will not have direct control over their financial statement preparation. As a result, we will, for our financial reporting, depend on what these entities report to us, which could result in us adding monitoring and audit processes and increase the difficulty of implementing and maintaining adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future and could lead to delays in our external reporting. In particular, this may occur where we are establishing such entities with commercial partners that do not have sophisticated financial accounting processes in place, or where we are entering into new relationships at a rapid pace, straining our integration capacity. Additionally, if we do not receive the information from the joint venture or variable interest entity on a timely basis, it could cause delays in our external reporting. Even if we conclude that our internal control over financial reporting provides reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect fraud or misstatements. Failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm our results of operations or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. If we or our independent registered public accounting firm discover a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could reduce the market’s confidence in our financial statements and harm our stock price. In addition, failure to comply with Section 404 could subject us to a variety of administrative sanctions, including SEC action, ineligibility for short form resale registration, the suspension or delisting of our common stock from the stock exchange on which it is listed, and the inability of registered broker-dealers to make a market in our common stock, which would further reduce our stock price and could harm our business.

 

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If we fail to comply with our obligations as a public company, our business may be adversely affected.

 

As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses in connection with our obligations under applicable securities laws, including the internal and external costs of maintaining the system of internal controls discussed above as well as the costs of preparing and distributing periodic public reports, including financial statements and footnotes. In addition, changing laws, rules and regulations relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including regulations implemented by the SEC and NASDAQ, increase our legal and financial costs, including costs relating to monitoring, evaluating and complying with such laws, rules and regulations. These laws, rules and regulations are subject to varying interpretations and may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies, which may result in increased compliance and governance costs and the diversion of management resources. If our efforts to comply with such laws, rules and regulations are not successful, we could be subject to fines, penalties or regulatory proceedings, which can be time consuming and costly to litigate and could lead to negative publicity about our company. These events could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors, executive officers and other employees. If any of these risks occur, or if these requirements divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations.

 

In general, under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, or the Code, a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards, or NOLs, to offset future taxable income. If the Internal Revenue Service challenges our analysis that our existing NOLs are not subject to limitations arising from previous ownership changes, or if we undergo an ownership change in the future, our ability to utilize NOLs could be limited by Section 382 of the Code. Future changes in our stock ownership, some of which are outside of our control, could result in an ownership change under Section 382 of the Code. Furthermore, our ability to utilize NOLs of companies that we may acquire in the future may be subject to limitations under Section 382 of the Code. For these reasons, we may not be able to utilize a material portion of our NOLs as of March 31, 2017, even if we attain profitability, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

 

Loss of, or inability to secure government contract revenues could impair our business.

 

We have contracts or subcontracts with certain governmental agencies or their contractors. Generally, these agreements, as they may be amended or modified from time to time, have fixed terms and may be terminated, modified or be subject to recovery of payments by the government agency under certain conditions (such as failure to comply with detailed reporting and governance processes or failure to achieve milestones). Under these agreements, we are also subject to audits, which can result in corrective action plans and penalties up to and including termination. If these governmental agencies terminate these agreements with us, it could reduce our revenues which could harm our business. Additionally, we anticipate securing additional government contracts as part of our business plan for 2017 and beyond. If we are unable to secure such government contracts, it could harm our business.

 

Our headquarters and other facilities are located in an active earthquake and tsunami zone, and an earthquake or other type of natural disaster affecting us or our suppliers could cause resource shortages, disrupt our business and harm our results of operations.

 

We conduct our primary research and development operations in the San Francisco Bay Area in an active earthquake and tsunami zone, and certain of our suppliers conduct their operations in the same region or in other locations that are susceptible to natural disasters. In addition, California and some of the locations where certain of our suppliers are located have experienced shortages of water, electric power and natural gas from time to time. The occurrence of a natural disaster, such as an earthquake, drought or flood, or localized extended outages of critical utilities or transportation systems, or any critical resource shortages, affecting us or our suppliers could cause a significant interruption in our business, damage or destroy our facilities, production equipment or inventory or those of our suppliers and cause us to incur significant costs or result in limitations on the availability of our raw materials, any of which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. The insurance we maintain against fires, earthquakes and other natural disasters may not be adequate to cover our losses in any particular case.

 

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Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

 

Our stock price may be volatile.

 

The market price of our common stock has been, and we expect it to continue to be, subject to significant volatility, and it has declined significantly from our initial public offering price. As of August 3, 2017, the reported closing price of our common stock on The NASDAQ Stock Market was $3.85 per share. Market prices for securities of early stage companies have historically been particularly volatile. Such fluctuations could be in response to, among other things, the factors described in this “Risk Factors” section, or other factors, some of which are beyond our control, such as:

 

  fluctuations in our financial results or outlook or those of companies perceived to be similar to us;

 

  changes in estimates of our financial results or recommendations by securities analysts;

 

  changes in market valuations of similar companies;

 

  changes in the prices of commodities associated with our business such as sugar, ethanol and petroleum or changes in the prices of commodities that some of our products may replace, such as oil and other petroleum sourced products;

 

  changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of debt;

 

  announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions or strategic alliances;

 

  regulatory developments in the United States, Brazil, and/or other foreign countries;

 

  litigation involving us, our general industry or both;

 

  additions or departures of key personnel;

 

  investors' general perception of us; and

 

  changes in general economic, industry and market conditions.

 

Furthermore, stock markets have experienced price and volume fluctuations that have affected, and continue to affect, the market prices of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market fluctuations, as well as general economic, political and market conditions, such as recessions, interest rate changes and international currency fluctuations, may negatively affect the market price of our common stock.

 

In the past, many companies that have experienced volatility and sustained declines in the market price of their stock have become subject to securities class action and derivative action litigation. We were involved in two such lawsuits which were dismissed in 2014, are currently involved in two such lawsuits, and we may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm our business.

 

If our common stock is delisted from The NASDAQ Stock Market, our business, financial condition, results of operations and stock price could be adversely affected, and the liquidity of our stock and our ability to obtain financing could be impaired.

 

On June 14, 2016, we received a notice from The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC, or NASDAQ, notifying us that we were not in compliance with the requirement of NASDAQ Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) for continued listing on The NASDAQ Global Market, or the Minimum Bid Price Listing Rule, as a result of the closing bid price of our common stock being below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had 180 calendar days, or until December 12, 2016, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Listing Rule. To regain compliance, the closing bid price of our common stock had to be at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days. On November 1, 2016, we received a notice from NASDAQ that we had regained compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Listing Rule. Subsequently, on December 19, 2016, we received a notice from NASDAQ notifying us that we were again not in compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Listing Rule as a result of the closing bid price of our common stock being below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had 180 calendar days, or until June 19, 2017, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Listing Rule. On June 5, 2017, after receiving board and stockholder approval, we amended our certificate of incorporation to implement a 1-for-15 reverse stock split of our common stock as well as a reduction of the total number of authorized shares of our common stock from 500,000,000 to 250,000,000. On June 20, 2017, we received a letter from NASDAQ notifying us that we had regained compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Listing Rule as a result of the closing bid price of our common stock being at $1.00 per share or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from June 6, 2017 to June 19, 2017. There can be no assurance that we will maintain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Listing Rule in the future or that our common stock will remain listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market.

 

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Any delisting of our common stock from The NASDAQ Stock Market could adversely affect our ability to attract new investors, decrease the liquidity of our outstanding shares of common stock, reduce our flexibility to raise additional capital, reduce the price at which our common stock trades, and increase the transaction costs inherent in trading such shares with overall negative effects for our stockholders. In addition, the delisting of our common stock could deter broker-dealers from making a market in or otherwise seeking or generating interest in our common stock, and might deter certain institutions and persons from investing in our securities at all. Furthermore, the delisting of our common stock from The NASDAQ Stock Market would constitute a breach under certain of our financing agreements, including agreements governing our outstanding convertible indebtedness, which could result in an acceleration of such indebtedness. If such indebtedness is accelerated, it would generally also constitute an event of default under our other outstanding indebtedness, permitting acceleration of such other outstanding indebtedness as well. For these reasons and others, the delisting of our common stock from The NASDAQ Stock Market could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

The concentration of our capital stock ownership with insiders will limit the ability of other stockholders to influence corporate matters and presents risks related to the operations of our significant stockholders.

 

As of July 31, 2017:

 

  our executive officers and directors together held approximately 7% of our outstanding common stock;

 

  Temasek (which has a designee on our Board of Directors) held approximately 13% of our outstanding common stock; and

 

  Total (which has a designee on our Board of Directors) held approximately 17% of our outstanding common stock.

 

Furthermore, Total and Temasek each hold certain of our convertible promissory notes, which are convertible into approximately 3,102,120 and 178,073 shares of our common stock, respectively, as of July 31, 2017. Total and Temasek also hold certain warrants pursuant to which they may purchase shares of our common stock. This significant concentration of share ownership may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock because investors often perceive disadvantages in owning stock in companies with stockholders with significant interests. Also, these stockholders, acting together, may be able to control or significantly influence our management and affairs and matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and the approval of significant corporate transactions, such as mergers, consolidations or the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, and may not act in the best interests of our other stockholders. Consequently, this concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control, including a merger, consolidation or other business combination involving us, or a change in our management or board of directors, or discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company, even if such actions would benefit our other stockholders.

 

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In addition, certain of our commercial partners, including Total and DSM, hold a significant portion of our capital stock and have various rights in connection with their security ownership in us. These stockholders may have interests that are different from those of our other stockholders, including with respect to commercial transactions between our company and such commercial partners or their affiliates. While we have a related-party transactions policy that requires certain approvals of any transaction between our company and a significant stockholder or its affiliates, there can be no assurance that our significant stockholders will act in the best interests of our other stockholders, which could harm our results of operations and cause our stock price to decline.

 

The market price of our common stock could be negatively affected by future sales of our common stock.

 

If our existing stockholders, particularly our largest stockholders, our directors, their affiliates, or our executive officers, sell a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, the market price of our common stock could decrease significantly. The perception in the public market that these stockholders might sell our common stock could also depress the market price of our common stock and could impair our future ability to obtain capital, especially through an offering of equity securities.

 

We have in place, or have agreed to file, registration statements for the resale of certain shares of common stock held by, or issuable to, certain of our largest stockholders. All common stock sold pursuant to an offering covered by such registration statement will be freely transferable.

 

In addition, shares issued or issuable under our equity incentive plans have been registered on Form S-8 registration statements and may be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, except for shares held by affiliates who have certain restrictions on their ability to sell.

 

Conversion of our outstanding convertible promissory notes or convertible preferred stock or the exercise of outstanding warrants to purchase our common stock may dilute the ownership interest of existing stockholders and may depress the market price of our common stock.

 

The conversion of some or all of our outstanding convertible promissory notes or shares of convertible preferred stock or the exercise of some or all of outstanding warrants to purchase our common stock may dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders. In particular, the exercise of certain warrants which have a $0.15 per share exercise price may significantly dilute the economic ownership interest of our existing stockholders. In addition, any sales in the public market of the shares of our common stock issuable upon such conversion or exercise could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock. Furthermore, the existence of our outstanding convertible promissory notes, shares of convertible preferred stock and warrants (including anti-dilution adjustment provisions contained therein which could lead to a reduction in the conversion or exercise price and/or additional shares of common stock being issuable upon conversion or exercise) may encourage short selling by market participants because the anticipated conversion of such notes or shares of preferred stock into, or exercise of such warrants for, shares of our common stock could depress the market price of our common stock.

 

If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our stock adversely, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

 

The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. If any of the analysts who cover us change their recommendation regarding our stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, our stock price would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

 

We do not expect to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future.

 

We do not anticipate declaring any cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. In addition, certain of our equipment leases and credit facilities currently restrict our ability to pay dividends. Consequently, investors may need to rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our common stock.

 

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Anti-takeover provisions contained in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.

 

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change in control of our company. These provisions could also make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions. These provisions include:

 

  a staggered board of directors;

 

  authorizing the board of directors to issue, without stockholder approval, preferred stock with rights senior to those of our common stock;

 

  authorizing the board of directors to amend our bylaws, to increase the number of directors and to fill board vacancies until the end of the term of the applicable class of directors;

 

  prohibiting stockholder action by written consent;

 

  limiting the liability of, and providing indemnification to, our directors and officers;

 

  eliminating the ability of our stockholders to call special meetings; and

 

  requiring advance notification of stockholder nominations and proposals. 

 

Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law prohibits, subject to some exceptions, “business combinations” between a Delaware corporation and an “interested stockholder,” which is generally defined as a stockholder who becomes a beneficial owner of 15% or more of a Delaware corporation's voting stock, for a three-year period following the date that the stockholder became an interested stockholder. We have agreed to opt out of Section 203 through our certificate of incorporation, but our certificate of incorporation contains substantially similar protections to our company and stockholders as those afforded under Section 203, except that we have agreed with Total that it and its affiliates will not be deemed to be “interested stockholders” under such protections.

 

In addition, we have an agreement with Total which provides that, so long as Total holds at least 10% of our voting securities, we must inform Total of any offer to acquire us or any decision of our Board of Directors to sell our company, and we must provide Total with information about the contemplated transaction. In such events, Total will have an exclusive negotiating period of fifteen business days in the event the Board of Directors authorizes us to solicit offers to buy Amyris, or five business days in the event that we receive an unsolicited offer to purchase us. This exclusive negotiation period will be followed by an additional restricted negotiation period of ten business days, during which we are obligated to continue to negotiate with Total and will be prohibited from entering into an agreement with any other potential acquirer.

 

These and other provisions in our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws that became effective upon the completion of our initial public offering under Delaware law and in our agreements with Total could discourage potential takeover attempts, reduce the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock and result in the market price of our common stock being lower than it would be without these provisions.

 

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This prospectus, any prospectus supplement and the other documents we have filed with the SEC that are incorporated herein by reference contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.  These risks and uncertainties, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” above, include the possibilities of delays or failures in development, production or commercialization of products, and in our reliance on third parties to achieve our goals.

 

All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements, including any projections of financing needs, revenue, expenses, earnings or losses from operations, or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations; any statements concerning product research, development and commercialization plans and timelines; any statements regarding expected production capacities, volumes and costs; any statements regarding anticipated benefits of our products and expectations for commercial relationships; any other statements of expectation or belief; and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing.  In addition, the words “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will result,” “seek,” “could,” “may,” “might,” or any variations of such words or other words with similar meanings generally identify forward-looking statements.

 

Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.  You should read this prospectus, any supplements to this prospectus and the documents that we incorporate by reference in this prospectus with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

 

The forward-looking statements in this prospectus and in any prospectus supplement or other document we have filed with the SEC and incorporated herein represent our views as of the date thereof.  We anticipate that subsequent events and developments will cause our views to change.  However, while we may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations, we have no current intention of doing so except to the extent required by applicable law.  You should, therefore, not rely on these forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this prospectus or such prospectus supplement or other document.

 

USE OF PROCEEDS

 

The proceeds from the sale of the Shares offered pursuant to this prospectus are solely for the accounts of the selling stockholders.  Accordingly, we will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the Shares offered by this prospectus.  See “Selling Stockholders” and “Plan of Distribution” below.

 

DETERMINATION OF OFFERING PRICE

 

The selling stockholders may offer and sell the shares of common stock covered by this prospectus at prevailing market prices or privately negotiated prices. See “Plan of Distribution” below.

 

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SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

 

The 42,268,338 shares of common stock covered by this prospectus (the “Shares”) consist of (i) shares issuable to the selling stockholders upon exercise of the Warrants and (ii) shares issued or issuable to certain of the selling stockholders upon conversion of shares of the Series B Preferred Stock. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreements, we have agreed to file a registration statement with the SEC covering the resale of the Shares, and this registration statement has been filed pursuant to such agreements.

 

The tables below present information regarding the selling stockholders and the number of Shares each selling stockholder is offering under this prospectus. The tables are based on actual and deemed share ownership as of July 31, 2017. We have prepared these tables based on information furnished to us by or on behalf of the selling stockholders.

 

Under the rules of the SEC, beneficial ownership includes shares over which the indicated beneficial owner exercises voting or investment power. Beneficial ownership is determined under Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities, including any securities that grant the selling stockholder the right to acquire shares of our common stock within 60 days of July 31, 2017 (the “60-Day Period”).  These shares are deemed to be outstanding by the person holding those securities for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person, but they are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. The tables below show beneficial ownership as of July 31, 2017, as determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act. The percentage ownership data is based on 25,845,138 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding as of July 31, 2017 (as reflected in the records of our stock transfer agent).  Because (i) the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below) limits the number of shares that can be issued to certain of the selling stockholders upon the exercise of Cash Warrants (as defined below) and conversion of shares of Series B Preferred Stock as of July 31, 2017 and (ii) no shares are issuable upon exercise of the Dilution Warrants (as defined below) as of July 31, 2017, we have presented two tables below. The first table shows actual beneficial ownership as of July 31, 2017, as determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act. The second table shows such beneficial ownership and also includes (i) the full number of shares issuable upon the exercise of Cash Warrants and conversion of shares of Series B Preferred Stock as of July 31, 2017, including those shares subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation and (ii) the number of shares that may become issuable under the Dilution Warrants in the event we make certain issuances of equity or equity-linked securities during the Dilution Period (as defined below) at a per share price (including any conversion or exercise price, if applicable) as low as $3.00 per share.

 

Unless otherwise indicated in the footnotes below, we believe that the selling stockholders have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares beneficially owned by them. Since the date on which they provided us with the information below, the selling stockholders may have sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of some or all of their shares in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act.

 

The conversion and exercise terms of the Series B Preferred Stock and Warrants, respectively, are as follows:

 

Series B Preferred Stock

 

Each share of Series B Preferred Stock has a stated value of $1,000 and, subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below), is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into shares of common stock at a current conversion price of $17.25 per share (the “Conversion Rate”). The Conversion Rate is subject to adjustment in the event of any dividends or distributions of our common stock, or any stock split, reverse stock split, recapitalization, reorganization or similar transaction. If not previously converted at the option of the holder, each share of Series B Preferred Stock shall be automatically converted, without any further action by the holder, subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, on October 9, 2017. Upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock, the holders of the Series Preferred B Stock shall be entitled to a payment equal to $1,738 per $1,000 of stated value of the Series B Preferred Stock (the “Make-Whole Payment”), at the Company’s option, in cash or, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, in shares of common Stock at the Conversion Rate, or a combination thereof. The information in the tables below assumes that Amyris will elect to pay the Make-Whole Payment in shares of its common stock.

 

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Notwithstanding the foregoing, the holders (other than DSM International B.V.) will not have the right to convert any Series B Preferred Stock, if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or such other percentage as determined by the holder and notified to us in writing, not to exceed 9.99%, provided that any increase of such percentage will not be effective until 61 days after notice thereof) of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares issuable upon conversion of such Series B Preferred Stock (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”).

 

Warrants

 

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreements, each selling stockholder was issued (i) a warrant, with a current exercise price of $7.80 per share, to purchase a number of shares of common stock equal to 50% of the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the shares of our Series A 17.38% Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), or Series B Preferred Stock (collectively, the “Preferred Stock”) purchased by such selling stockholder pursuant to the applicable Purchase Agreement (including shares of common stock issuable as payment of the Make-Whole Payment on such shares of Preferred Stock, assuming that the Make-Whole Payment is made in common stock), representing warrants to purchase 7,384,190 shares of common stock in the aggregate for all selling stockholders and (ii) a warrant, with a current exercise price of $9.30 per share, to purchase an equal number of shares of common stock, representing warrants to purchase 7,384,190 shares of common stock in the aggregate for all selling stockholders (collectively, the “Cash Warrants”). The exercise price of the Cash Warrants may, at the election of the holder, be paid in cash or on a net exercise basis, and will be subject to standard adjustments as well as full-ratchet anti-dilution protection for any issuance by us of equity or equity-linked securities during the three-year period following the issuance of such Cash Warrants (the “Dilution Period”) at a per share price (including any conversion or exercise price, if applicable) less than the then-current exercise price of the Cash Warrants, subject to certain exceptions.

 

In addition, each selling stockholder was issued a warrant (collectively, the “Dilution Warrants”) to purchase a number of shares of common stock sufficient to provide such selling stockholder with full-ratchet anti-dilution protection for any issuance by us of equity or equity-linked securities during the Dilution Period at a per share price (including any conversion or exercise price, if applicable) less than $6.30 per share, the effective per share price paid by the selling stockholders for the shares of common stock currently issuable upon conversion of the Preferred Stock purchased by the selling stockholders (including shares of common stock issuable as payment of the Make-Whole Payment, assuming that the Make-Whole Payment is made in common stock), subject to certain exceptions. The current exercise price of the Dilution Warrants is $0.0015 per share and may, at the election of the holder, be paid in cash or on a net exercise basis. As of July 31, 2017, the Dilution Warrants were not exercisable for any shares of common stock.

 

The exercise of the Warrants by the selling stockholders (other than DSM International B.V.) is subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. The Warrants each expire on July 10, 2022.

 

The number of shares in the columns entitled “Shares Offered Hereby” represent all of the Shares that the selling stockholders may offer under this prospectus and may be sold by the selling stockholders, by those persons or entities to whom they transfer, donate, devise, pledge or distribute their Shares or by other successors in interest. The information regarding shares beneficially owned after this offering assumes the sale of all Shares offered by each of the selling stockholders hereunder. The selling stockholders may sell less than all of the Shares listed in the tables. In addition, the Shares listed below may be sold pursuant to this prospectus or in privately negotiated transactions. Accordingly, we cannot estimate the number of Shares the selling stockholders will sell under this prospectus. The selling stockholders may sell some, all or none of their Shares in this offering.

 

The selling stockholders have not held any position or office or had any other material relationship with us or any of our predecessors or affiliates within the past three years, other than: (i) the acquisition and beneficial ownership of the shares described in the tables below or other of our debt or equity securities, (ii) with respect to DSM International B.V., director Philip Eykerman is an employee of Koninklijke DSM N.V., which is the parent of DSM International B.V. and a commercial partner of Amyris, and was designated to serve on our Board of Directors pursuant to the right of DSM International B.V. to designate one member of our Board of Directors, (iii) with respect to Foris Ventures, LLC, it is an entity affiliated with our director John Doerr of Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, a current stockholder, and (iv) with respect to Naxyris S.A., it is an investment vehicle owned by Naxos Capital Partners SCA Sicar; director Carole Piwnica is Director of NAXOS UK, which is affiliated with Naxos Capital Partners SCA Sicar, and was designated to serve on our Board of Directors pursuant to the right of Naxyris S.A. to designate one member of our Board of Directors.

 

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Table I – Actual Beneficial Ownership

 

Name of Selling Stockholder Shares Beneficially Owned before Offering** Shares Offered Hereby (1)** Shares Beneficially Owned After Offering (1)**
  Number Percentage (%)   Number Percentage (%)
CVI Investments, Inc. (2) 1,254,967 4.63 1,254,967 - *
Pine River Master Fund Ltd. (3) 1,342,575 4.99 1,131,729 210,846 *
Pine River Convertibles Master Fund Ltd. (4) 231,488 * 231,488 - *
Iroquois Master Fund Ltd (5) 67,460 * 67,460 - *
Iroquois Capital Investment Group LLC (6) 11,906 * 11,906 - *
Bigger Capital Fund, LP (7) 39,682 * 39,682 - *
FiveMore Special Situations Fund Ltd (8) 107,619 * 47,618 60,001 *
S.H.N Financial Investments Ltd. (9) 238,088 * 238,088 - *
Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd. (10) 476,174 1.81 476,174 - *
Sabby Healthcare Master Fund, Ltd. (11) 499,984 1.90 317,450 182,534 *
Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, Ltd (12) 215,868 * 158,726 57,142 *
Intracoastal Capital, LLC (13) 423,256 1.61 238,088 185,168 *
Alpha Capital Anstalt (14) 206,344 * 103,172 103,172 *
Osher Capital Partners (15) 31,748 * 15,874 15,874 *
Empery Asset Master, Ltd. (16) 85,712 * 85,712 - *
Empery Tax Efficient, LP (17) 44,602 * 44,602 - *
Empery Tax Efficient II, LP (18) 28,412 * 28,412 - *
Brio Capital Master Fund Ltd. (19) 115,376 * 47,618 67,758 *
Foris Ventures, LLC (20) 1,311,757 4.99 137,063 1,174,694 4.47
DSM International B.V. (21) 7,936,232 23.49 7,936,232 - *
Naxyris S.A. (22) 1,300,347 4.89 740,808 559,539 2.10
Blackwell Partners LLC (23) 1,015,840 3.78 1,015,840 - *
John E. Abdo, as Trustee Under Trust Agreement Dated March 15, 1976 For The Benefit Of John E. Abdo (24) 1,322,393 4.99 655,726 666,667 2.52

 

 *  Represents beneficial ownership of less than one percent of the outstanding shares of our common stock.
**  For those selling stockholders whose acquisition of shares of common stock upon the exercise of Cash Warrants and/or conversion of shares of Series B Preferred Stock within 60 days of July 31, 2017 is limited by the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, the footnotes below allocate the shares beneficially owned by such selling stockholders between the number of Shares issuable upon the exercise of Cash Warrants and conversion of shares of Series B Preferred Stock based on the respective number of shares issuable upon such exercise or conversion.

 

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(1) We do not know when or in what amounts a selling stockholder may offer Shares for sale. The selling stockholders may not sell any or all of the Shares offered by this prospectus.  Because the selling stockholders may offer all or some of the Shares pursuant to this offering and because there are currently no agreements, arrangements or undertakings with respect to the sale of any of the Shares, we cannot estimate the number of shares that will be held by the selling stockholders after completion of this offering.  However, for illustrative purposes of this table, we have assumed that, after completion of this offering, none of the Shares covered by this prospectus will be held by the selling stockholders.
(2) Includes (i) 227,497 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock and (ii) 1,027,470 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants. Heights Capital Management, Inc., the authorized agent of CVI Investments, Inc. (“CVI”) has discretionary authority to vote and dispose of the shares held by CVI and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. Martin Kobinger, in his capacity as Investment Manager of Heights Capital Management, Inc., may also be deemed to have investment discretion and voting power over the shares held by CVI. Mr. Kobinger disclaims any such beneficial ownership of the shares. The address for CVI Investments, Inc. is c/o Heights Capital Management, 101 California Street, Suite 3250, San Francisco, California 94111.
(3) Includes (i) 282,402 shares issued upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock, (ii) 849,327 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (iii) 210,846 shares currently issuable upon conversion of certain convertible promissory notes held by Pine River Master Fund Ltd. Brian Taylor, the CEO of Pine River Capital Management L.P., the Investment Manager of Pine River Master Fund Ltd., has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Pine River Master Fund Ltd. and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Pine River Master Fund Ltd. is c/o Pine River Capital Management L.P., 601 Carlson Parkway, 7 th Floor, Minnetonka, Minnesota 55305.
(4) Includes (i) 115,744 shares issued upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock and (ii) 115,744 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants. Brian Taylor, the CEO of Pine River Capital Management L.P., the Investment Manager of Pine River Convertibles Master Fund Ltd., has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Pine River Convertibles Master Fund Ltd. and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Pine River Convertibles Master Fund Ltd. is c/o Pine River Capital Management L.P., 601 Carlson Parkway, 7 th Floor, Minnetonka, Minnesota 55305.
(5) Includes 67,460 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants. Richard Abbe, the President and Portfolio Manager of Iroquois Capital Management, LLC, the Investment Manager of Iroquois Master Fund Ltd., has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Iroquois Master Fund Ltd. and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Iroquois Master Fund Ltd. is c/o Iroquois Capital Management, LLC, 205 East 42 nd Street, 20 th Floor, New York, New York 10017.
(6) Includes 11,906 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants. Richard Abbe, the managing member of Iroquois Capital Investment Group LLC, has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Iroquois Capital Investment Group LLC and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Iroquois Capital Investment Group LLC is 205 East 42 nd Street, 20 th Floor, New York, New York 10017.
(7) Includes 39,682 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants. Michael Bigger has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Bigger Capital Fund, LP and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Bigger Capital Fund, LP is 159 Jennings Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724.
(8) Includes 47,618 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants. The address for FiveMore Special Situations Fund Ltd is c/o FiveT Capital AG, Allmendstrasse 140, CH-8041, Zurich, Switzerland.
(9) Includes 238,088 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants. Mr. Hadar Shamir and Mr. Nir Shamir have shared power to vote and dispose of the shares held by S.H.N Financial Investments Ltd. and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for S.H.N Financial Investments Ltd. is 8 Abba Even Blvd., B Entrance, 4 th Floor, Herzeliya, Israel.
(10) Includes 476,174 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants. Hudson Bay Capital Management LP, the investment manager of Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd., has voting and investment power over these securities. Sander Gerber is the managing member of Hudson Bay Capital GP LLC, which is the general partner of Hudson Bay Capital Management LP. Each of Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd. and Sander Gerber disclaims beneficial ownership over these securities. The address for Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd. is 777 Third Avenue, 30 th Floor, New York, New York 10017.
(11) Includes (i) 317,450 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (ii) 182,534 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series A Preferred Stock. Sabby Management, LLC serves as the investment manager of this stockholder and shares voting and investment power with respect to these shares on behalf of this stockholder. As manager of Sabby Management, LLC, Hal Mintz also shares voting and investment power on behalf of this stockholder. Each of Sabby Management, LLC and Hal Mintz disclaim beneficial ownership over the securities covered by this prospectus except to the extent of their pecuniary interest therein. The address for Sabby Healthcare Master Fund, Ltd. is c/o Sabby Management, LLC, 10 Mountainview Road, Suite 205, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458.

 

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(12) Includes (i) 158,726 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (ii) 57,142 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series A Preferred Stock. Sabby Management, LLC serves as the investment manager of this stockholder and shares voting and investment power with respect to these shares on behalf of this stockholder. As manager of Sabby Management, LLC, Hal Mintz also shares voting and investment power on behalf of this stockholder. Each of Sabby Management, LLC and Hal Mintz disclaim beneficial ownership over the securities covered by this prospectus except to the extent of their pecuniary interest therein. The address for Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, Ltd is c/o Sabby Management, LLC, 10 Mountainview Road, Suite 205, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458.
(13) Includes (i) 238,088 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (ii) 165,074 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series A Preferred Stock. Mitchell P. Kopin (“Mr. Kopin”) and Daniel B. Asher (“Mr. Asher”), each of whom are managers of Intracoastal Capital, LLC (“Intracoastal”), have shared voting control and investment discretion over the securities reported herein that are held by Intracoastal. As a result, each of Mr. Kopin and Mr. Asher may be deemed to have beneficial ownership (as determined under Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act) of the securities reported herein that are held by Intracoastal. Mr. Asher, who is a manager of Intracoastal, is also a control person of a broker-dealer. As a result of such common control, Intracoastal may be deemed to be an affiliate of a broker-dealer. Intracoastal acquired the shares being registered hereunder in the ordinary course of business, and at the time of the acquisition of the shares and warrants described herein, Intracoastal did not have any arrangements or understandings with any person to distribute such securities. The address for Intracoastal Capital, LLC is 2211A Lakeside Drive, Bannockburn, Illinois 60015.
(14) Includes (i) 103,172 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (ii) 103,172 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series A Preferred Stock. Konrad Ackerman has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Alpha Capital Anstalt and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Alpha Capital Anstalt is c/o LH Financial, 510 Madison Avenue, Suite 1400, New York, New York 10022.
(15) Includes (i) 15,874 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (ii) 15,874 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series A Preferred Stock. Ari Kluger has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Osher Capital Partners and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Osher Capital Partners is c/o LH Financial, 510 Madison Avenue, Suite 1400, New York, New York 10022.
(16) Includes 85,712 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants. Empery Asset Management LP, the authorized agent of Empery Asset Master, Ltd. (“EAM”), has discretionary authority to vote and dispose of the shares held by EAM and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. Martin Hoe and Ryan Lane, in their capacity as investment managers of Empery Asset Management LP, may also be deemed to have investment discretion and voting power over the shares held by EAM. EAM, Mr. Hoe and Mr. Lane each disclaim any beneficial ownership of these shares. The address for Empery Asset Master, Ltd. is c/o Empery Asset Management, LP, 1 Rockefeller Plaza, Suite 1205, New York, New York 10028.
(17) Includes 44,602 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants. Empery Asset Management LP, the authorized agent of Empery Tax Efficient, LP (“ETE”), has discretionary authority to vote and dispose of the shares held by ETE and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. Martin Hoe and Ryan Lane, in their capacity as investment managers of Empery Asset Management LP, may also be deemed to have investment discretion and voting power over the shares held by ETE. ETE, Mr. Hoe and Mr. Lane each disclaim any beneficial ownership of these shares. The address for Empery Tax Efficient, LP is c/o Empery Asset Management, LP, 1 Rockefeller Plaza, Suite 1205, New York, New York 10028.
(18) Includes 28,412 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants. Empery Asset Management LP, the authorized agent of Empery Tax Efficient II, LP (“ETE II”), has discretionary authority to vote and dispose of the shares held by ETE II and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. Martin Hoe and Ryan Lane, in their capacity as investment managers of Empery Asset Management LP, may also be deemed to have investment discretion and voting power over the shares held by ETE II. ETE II, Mr. Hoe and Mr. Lane each disclaim any beneficial ownership of these shares. The address for Empery Tax Efficient II, LP is c/o Empery Asset Management, LP, 1 Rockefeller Plaza, Suite 1205, New York, New York 10028.

 

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(19) Includes 47,618 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants. Shaye Hirsch, as Director of Brio Capital Master Fund Ltd., has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Brio Capital Master Fund Ltd. and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Brio Capital Master Fund Ltd. is c/o Brio Capital Management LLC, 100 Merrick Road, Suite 401W, Rockville Centre, New York 11570.
(20) Includes (i) 68,531 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock, (ii) 68,532 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants, (iii) 89,037 shares currently issuable upon conversion of certain convertible promissory notes held by Foris Ventures, LLC and (iv) 216,484 shares currently issuable upon exercise of certain other warrants held by Foris Ventures, LLC.  Foris Ventures, LLC is indirectly owned by director John Doerr, who shares voting and investment control over the shares held by such entity. The address for Foris Ventures, LLC is c/o JEMA Management LLC, 751 Laurel St. #717, San Carlos, California 94070.
(21) Includes (i) 3,968,116 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock and (ii) 3,968,116 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants. DSM International B.V. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Koninklijke DSM N.V. Accordingly,   Koninklijke DSM N.V. may be deemed to share beneficial ownership of the securities held of record by DSM International B.V. Koninklijke DSM N.V. is a publicly traded company with securities listed on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange . The address for DSM International B.V. is HET Overloon 1, 6411 TE Heerlen, Netherlands .
(22) Includes (i) 370,404 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock and (ii) 370,404 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants. Naxyris S.A. is an investment vehicle owned by Naxos Capital Partners SCA Sicar; director Carole Piwnica is Director of NAXOS UK, which is affiliated with Naxos Capital Partners SCA Sicar, and was designated to serve on our Board of Directors pursuant to the right of Naxyris S.A. to designate one member of our Board of Directors. Ms. Piwnica disclaims beneficial ownership of all shares of Amyris common stock that are or may be beneficially owned by Naxyris S.A. or any of its affiliates. The address for Naxyris S.A. is 40, Boulevard Joseph II, L-1840, Luxembourg.
(23) Includes (i) 507,920 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock and (ii) 507,920 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants. Elliot Bossen, the CEO of Silverback Asset Management, LLC, the Investment Manager for Blackwell Partners LLC, has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Blackwell Partners LLC and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Blackwell Partners LLC is c/o Silverback Asset Management, LLC, 1414 Raleigh Road, Suite 250, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27517.
(24) Includes (i) 327,863 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock and (ii) 327,863 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants. The address for John E. Abdo, as Trustee Under Trust Agreement Dated March 15, 1976 For The Benefit Of John E. Abdo, is 1350 NE 56 th Street, Suite 200, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33334.

 

Table II – Alternative Beneficial Ownership

 

Name of Selling Stockholder Shares Beneficially Owned before Offering Shares Offered Hereby (1) Shares Beneficially Owned After Offering (1)
  Number Percentage (%)   Number Percentage (%)
CVI Investments, Inc. (2) 2,385,221 8.45 2,385,221 - *
Pine River Master Fund Ltd. (3) 2,752,942 9.72 2,542,096 210,846 *
Pine River Convertibles Master Fund Ltd. (4) 358,810 1.38 358,810 - *
Iroquois Master Fund Ltd (5) 141,666 * 141,666 - *
Iroquois Capital Investment Group LLC (6) 25,002 * 25,002 - *
Bigger Capital Fund, LP (7) 83,333 * 83,333 - *
FiveMore Special Situations Fund Ltd (8) 160,000 * 99,999 60,001 *
S.H.N Financial Investments Ltd. (9) 499,993 1.90 499,993 - *
Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd. (10) 999,984 3.73 999,984 - *
Sabby Healthcare Master Fund, Ltd. (11) 849,190 3.18 666,656 182,534 *
Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, Ltd (12) 390,471 1.49 333,329 57,142 *
Intracoastal Capital, LLC (13) 685,161 2.58 499,993 185,168 *
Alpha Capital Anstalt (14) 319,836 1.22 216,664 103,172 *
Osher Capital Partners (15) 49,208 * 33,334 15,874 *
Empery Asset Master, Ltd. (16) 179,998 * 179,998 - *
Empery Tax Efficient, LP (17) 93,665 * 93,665 - *
Empery Tax Efficient II, LP (18) 59,666 * 59,666 - *
Brio Capital Master Fund Ltd. (19) 167,757 * 99,999 67,758 *
Foris Ventures, LLC (20) 16,294,775 39.48 15,120,081 1,174,694 2.85
DSM International B.V. (21) 12,301,312 32.25 12,301,312 - *
Naxyris S.A. (22) 1,707,804 6.33 1,148,265 559,539 2.07
Blackwell Partners LLC (23) 1,574,570 5.74 1,574,570 - *
John E. Abdo, as Trustee Under Trust Agreement Dated March 15, 1976 For The Benefit Of John E. Abdo (24) 3,471,369 12.12 2,804,702 666,667 2.33

 

 

Represents beneficial ownership of less than one percent of the outstanding shares of our common stock.

 

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(1) We do not know when or in what amounts a selling stockholder may offer Shares for sale. The selling stockholders may not sell any or all of the Shares offered by this prospectus.  Because the selling stockholders may offer all or some of the Shares pursuant to this offering and because there are currently no agreements, arrangements or undertakings with respect to the sale of any of the Shares, we cannot estimate the number of shares that will be held by the selling stockholders after completion of this offering.  However, for illustrative purposes of this table, we have assumed that, after completion of this offering, none of the Shares covered by this prospectus will be held by the selling stockholders.
(2) Includes (i) 227,497 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock, (ii) 1,027,470 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (iii) 1,130,254 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Heights Capital Management, Inc., the authorized agent of CVI Investments, Inc. (“CVI”) has discretionary authority to vote and dispose of the shares held by CVI and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. Martin Kobinger, in his capacity as Investment Manager of Heights Capital Management, Inc., may also be deemed to have investment discretion and voting power over the shares held by CVI. Mr. Kobinger disclaims any such beneficial ownership of the shares. The address for CVI Investments, Inc. is c/o Heights Capital Management, 101 California Street, Suite 3250, San Francisco, California 94111.
(3) Includes (i) 282,402 shares issued upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock, (ii) 1,076,026 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants, (iii) 210,846 shares currently issuable upon conversion of certain convertible promissory notes held by Pine River Master Fund Ltd. and (iv) 1,183,668 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Brian Taylor, the CEO of Pine River Capital Management L.P., the Investment Manager of Pine River Master Fund Ltd., has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Pine River Master Fund Ltd. and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Pine River Master Fund Ltd. is c/o Pine River Capital Management L.P., 601 Carlson Parkway, 7 th Floor, Minnetonka, Minnesota 55305.
(4) Includes (i) 115,744 shares issued upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock, (ii) 115,744 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (iii) 127,322 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Brian Taylor, the CEO of Pine River Capital Management L.P., the Investment Manager of Pine River Convertibles Master Fund Ltd., has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Pine River Convertibles Master Fund Ltd. and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Pine River Convertibles Master Fund Ltd. is c/o Pine River Capital Management L.P., 601 Carlson Parkway, 7 th Floor, Minnetonka, Minnesota 55305.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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(5) Includes (i) 67,460 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (ii) 74,206 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Richard Abbe, the President and Portfolio Manager of Iroquois Capital Management, LLC, the Investment Manager of Iroquois Master Fund Ltd., has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Iroquois Master Fund Ltd. and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Iroquois Master Fund Ltd. is c/o Iroquois Capital Management, LLC, 205 East 42 nd Street, 20 th Floor, New York, New York 10017.
(6) Includes (i) 11,906 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (ii) 13,096 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Richard Abbe, the managing member of Iroquois Capital Investment Group LLC, has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Iroquois Capital Investment Group LLC and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Iroquois Capital Investment Group LLC is 205 East 42 nd Street, 20 th Floor, New York, New York 10017.
(7) Includes (i) 39,682 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (ii) 43,651 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Michael Bigger has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Bigger Capital Fund, LP and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Bigger Capital Fund, LP is 159 Jennings Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724.
(8) Includes (i) 47,618 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (ii) 52,381 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. The address for FiveMore Special Situations Fund Ltd is c/o FiveT Capital AG, Allmendstrasse 140, CH-8041, Zurich, Switzerland.
(9) Includes (i) 238,088 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (ii) 261,905 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Mr. Hadar Shamir and Mr. Nir Shamir have shared power to vote and dispose of the shares held by S.H.N Financial Investments Ltd. and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for S.H.N Financial Investments Ltd. is 8 Abba Even Blvd., B Entrance, 4 th Floor, Herzeliya, Israel.
(10) Includes (i) 476,174 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (ii) 523,810 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Hudson Bay Capital Management LP, the investment manager of Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd., has voting and investment power over these securities. Sander Gerber is the managing member of Hudson Bay Capital GP LLC, which is the general partner of Hudson Bay Capital Management LP. Each of Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd. and Sander Gerber disclaims beneficial ownership over these securities. The address for Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd. is 777 Third Avenue, 30 th Floor, New York, New York 10017.
(11) Includes (i) 317,450 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants, (ii) 182,534 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series A Preferred Stock and (iii) 349,206 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Sabby Management, LLC serves as the investment manager of this stockholder and shares voting and investment power with respect to these shares on behalf of this stockholder. As manager of Sabby Management, LLC, Hal Mintz also shares voting and investment power on behalf of this stockholder. Each of Sabby Management, LLC and Hal Mintz disclaim beneficial ownership over the securities covered by this prospectus except to the extent of their pecuniary interest therein. The address for Sabby Healthcare Master Fund, Ltd. is c/o Sabby Management, LLC, 10 Mountainview Road, Suite 205, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458.
(12) Includes (i) 158,726 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants, (ii) 57,142 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series A Preferred Stock and (iii) 174,603 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Sabby Management, LLC serves as the investment manager of this stockholder and shares voting and investment power with respect to these shares on behalf of this stockholder. As manager of Sabby Management, LLC, Hal Mintz also shares voting and investment power on behalf of this stockholder. Each of Sabby Management, LLC and Hal Mintz disclaim beneficial ownership over the securities covered by this prospectus except to the extent of their pecuniary interest therein. The address for Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, Ltd is c/o Sabby Management, LLC, 10 Mountainview Road, Suite 205, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458.
(13) Includes (i) 238,088 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants, (ii) 165,074 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series A Preferred Stock and (iii) 261,905 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Mitchell P. Kopin (“Mr. Kopin”) and Daniel B. Asher (“Mr. Asher”), each of whom are managers of Intracoastal Capital, LLC (“Intracoastal”), have shared voting control and investment discretion over the securities reported herein that are held by Intracoastal. As a result, each of Mr. Kopin and Mr. Asher may be deemed to have beneficial ownership (as determined under Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act) of the securities reported herein that are held by Intracoastal. Mr. Asher, who is a manager of Intracoastal, is also a control person of a broker-dealer. As a result of such common control, Intracoastal may be deemed to be an affiliate of a broker-dealer. Intracoastal acquired the shares being registered hereunder in the ordinary course of business, and at the time of the acquisition of the shares and warrants described herein, Intracoastal did not have any arrangements or understandings with any person to distribute such securities. The address for Intracoastal Capital, LLC is 2211A Lakeside Drive, Bannockburn, Illinois 60015.

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(14) Includes (i) 103,172 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants, (ii) 103,172 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series A Preferred Stock and (iii) 113,492 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Konrad Ackerman has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Alpha Capital Anstalt and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Alpha Capital Anstalt is c/o LH Financial, 510 Madison Avenue, Suite 1400, New York, New York 10022.
(15) Includes (i) 15,874 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants, (ii) 15,874 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series A Preferred Stock and (iii) 17,460 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Ari Kluger has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Osher Capital Partners and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Osher Capital Partners is c/o LH Financial, 510 Madison Avenue, Suite 1400, New York, New York 10022.
(16) Includes (i) 85,712 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (ii) 94,286 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Empery Asset Management LP, the authorized agent of Empery Asset Master, Ltd. (“EAM”), has discretionary authority to vote and dispose of the shares held by EAM and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. Martin Hoe and Ryan Lane, in their capacity as investment managers of Empery Asset Management LP, may also be deemed to have investment discretion and voting power over the shares held by EAM. EAM, Mr. Hoe and Mr. Lane each disclaim any beneficial ownership of these shares. The address for Empery Asset Master, Ltd. is c/o Empery Asset Management, LP, 1 Rockefeller Plaza, Suite 1205, New York, New York 10028.
(17) Includes (i) 44,602 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (ii) 49,063 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Empery Asset Management LP, the authorized agent of Empery Tax Efficient, LP (“ETE”), has discretionary authority to vote and dispose of the shares held by ETE and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. Martin Hoe and Ryan Lane, in their capacity as investment managers of Empery Asset Management LP, may also be deemed to have investment discretion and voting power over the shares held by ETE. ETE, Mr. Hoe and Mr. Lane each disclaim any beneficial ownership of these shares. The address for Empery Tax Efficient, LP is c/o Empery Asset Management, LP, 1 Rockefeller Plaza, Suite 1205, New York, New York 10028.
(18) Includes (i) 28,412 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (ii) 31,254 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Empery Asset Management LP, the authorized agent of Empery Tax Efficient II, LP (“ETE II”), has discretionary authority to vote and dispose of the shares held by ETE II and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. Martin Hoe and Ryan Lane, in their capacity as investment managers of Empery Asset Management LP, may also be deemed to have investment discretion and voting power over the shares held by ETE II. ETE II, Mr. Hoe and Mr. Lane each disclaim any beneficial ownership of these shares. The address for Empery Tax Efficient II, LP is c/o Empery Asset Management, LP, 1 Rockefeller Plaza, Suite 1205, New York, New York 10028.
(19) Includes (i) 47,618 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (ii) 52,381 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Shaye Hirsch, as Director of Brio Capital Master Fund Ltd., has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Brio Capital Master Fund Ltd. and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Brio Capital Master Fund Ltd. is c/o Brio Capital Management LLC, 100 Merrick Road, Suite 401W, Rockville Centre, New York 11570.
(20) Includes (i) 4,877,385 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock, (ii) 4,877,386 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants, (iii) 89,037 shares currently issuable upon conversion of certain convertible promissory notes held by Foris Ventures, LLC, (iv) 216,484 shares currently issuable upon exercise of certain other warrants held by Foris Ventures, LLC and (v) 5,365,310 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants.  Foris Ventures, LLC is indirectly owned by director John Doerr, who shares voting and investment control over the shares held by such entity. The address for Foris Ventures, LLC is c/o JEMA Management LLC, 751 Laurel St. #717, San Carlos, California 94070.
(21) Includes (i) 3,968,116 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock, (ii) 3,968,116 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (iii) 4,365,080 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. DSM International B.V. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Koninklijke DSM N.V. Accordingly,   Koninklijke DSM N.V. may be deemed to share beneficial ownership of the securities held of record by DSM International B.V. Koninklijke DSM N.V. is a publicly traded company with securities listed on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange . The address for DSM International B.V. is HET Overloon 1, 6411 TE Heerlen, Netherlands .

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(22) Includes (i) 370,404 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock, (ii) 370,404 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (iii) 407,457 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Naxyris S.A. is an investment vehicle owned by Naxos Capital Partners SCA Sicar; director Carole Piwnica is Director of NAXOS UK, which is affiliated with Naxos Capital Partners SCA Sicar, and was designated to serve on our Board of Directors pursuant to the right of Naxyris S.A. to designate one member of our Board of Directors. Ms. Piwnica disclaims beneficial ownership of all shares of Amyris common stock that are or may be beneficially owned by Naxyris S.A. or any of its affiliates. The address for Naxyris S.A. is 40, Boulevard Joseph II, L-1840, Luxembourg.
(23) Includes (i) 507,920 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock, (ii) 507,920 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (iii) 558,730 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. Elliot Bossen, the CEO of Silverback Asset Management, LLC, the Investment Manager for Blackwell Partners LLC, has the power to vote and dispose of the shares held by Blackwell Partners LLC and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. The address for Blackwell Partners LLC is c/o Silverback Asset Management, LLC, 1414 Raleigh Road, Suite 250, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27517.
(24) Includes (i) 904,731 shares currently issuable upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock, (ii) 904,732 shares currently issuable upon exercise of Cash Warrants and (iii) 995,239 shares issuable upon exercise of Dilution Warrants. The address for John E. Abdo, as Trustee Under Trust Agreement Dated March 15, 1976 For The Benefit Of John E. Abdo, is 1350 NE 56 th Street, Suite 200, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33334.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 

The selling stockholders, or their pledgees, donees, transferees, or any of their successors in interest selling Shares received from a named selling stockholder as a gift, partnership distribution or other non-sale-related transfer after the date of this prospectus (all of whom may be selling stockholders), may sell the Shares from time to time on any stock exchange or automated interdealer quotation system on which the Shares are listed, in the over-the-counter market, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, at fixed prices that may be changed, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at prices otherwise negotiated.  The selling stockholders may sell the Shares by one or more of the following methods, without limitation:

 

  (a) block trades in which the broker or dealer so engaged will attempt to sell the securities as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;

 

  (b) purchases by a broker or dealer as principal and resale by the broker or dealer for its own account pursuant to this prospectus;

 

  (c) an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of any stock exchange on which the securities are listed;

 

  (d) ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker solicits purchases;

 

  (e) privately negotiated transactions;

 

  (f) short sales;

 

  (g) through the writing of options on the securities, whether or not the options are listed on an options exchange;

 

  (h) through the distribution of the securities by any selling stockholder holder to its partners, members or stockholders;

 

  (i) one or more underwritten offerings on a firm commitment or best efforts basis;

 

  (j) any combination of any of these methods of sale;

 

  (k) through such other method described in any applicable prospectus supplement for such offering; or
  (l) any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.

 

The selling stockholders may also transfer the securities by gift.  We do not know of any arrangements by the selling stockholders for the sale of any of the securities.

 

The selling stockholders may engage brokers and dealers, and any brokers or dealers may arrange for other brokers or dealers to participate in effecting sales of the Shares.  These brokers, dealers or underwriters may act as principals, or as an agent of a selling stockholder.  Broker-dealers may agree with a selling stockholder to sell a specified number of the Shares at a stipulated price per Share.  If the broker-dealer is unable to sell the Shares acting as agent for a selling stockholder, it may purchase as principal any unsold Shares at the stipulated price.  Broker-dealers who acquire the Shares as principals may thereafter resell the Shares from time to time in transactions in any stock exchange or automated interdealer quotation system on which the Shares are then listed, at prices and on terms then prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the then-current market price or in negotiated transactions.  Broker-dealers may use block transactions and sales to and through broker-dealers, including transactions of the nature described above.  The selling stockholders may also sell the Shares in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act rather than pursuant to this prospectus, regardless of whether the Shares are covered by this prospectus.

 

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From time to time, one or more of the selling stockholders may pledge, hypothecate or grant a security interest in some or all of the Shares owned by them.  The pledgees, secured parties or persons to whom the Shares have been hypothecated will, upon foreclosure in the event of default, be deemed to be selling stockholders.  The number of a selling stockholder’s Shares offered under this prospectus will decrease as and when it takes such actions.  The plan of distribution for that selling stockholder’s Shares will otherwise remain unchanged.  In addition, a selling stockholder may, from time to time, sell the Shares short, and, in those instances, this prospectus may be delivered in connection with the short sales and the Shares offered under this prospectus may be used to cover short sales.

   

To the extent required under the Securities Act, the aggregate amount of selling stockholders’ Shares being offered and the terms of the offering, the anticipated date of delivery of the Shares, the names of any agents, brokers, dealers or underwriters and any applicable commission with respect to a particular offer will be set forth in an accompanying prospectus supplement.  Any underwriters, dealers, brokers or agents participating in the distribution of the Shares may receive compensation in the form of underwriting discounts, concessions, commissions or fees from a selling stockholder and/or purchasers of selling stockholders’ Shares, for whom they may act (which compensation as to a particular broker-dealer might be in excess of customary commissions).

 

The selling stockholders and any underwriters, brokers, dealers or agents that participate in the distribution of the Shares may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any discounts, concessions, commissions or fees received by them and any profit on the resale of the Shares sold by them may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions. Underwriters, dealers, agents and other persons may be entitled, under agreements that may be entered into with us and the selling stockholders, to indemnification by us, or the selling stockholders, as applicable, against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribution with respect to payments which they may be required to make in respect thereof. Underwriters and agents may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us or the selling stockholders, as applicable, in the ordinary course of business.

 

A selling stockholder may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers and the broker-dealers may engage in short sales of the Shares in the course of hedging the positions they assume with that selling stockholder, including, without limitation, in connection with distributions of the Shares by those broker-dealers.  A selling stockholder may enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers that involve the delivery of the Shares offered hereby to the broker-dealers, who may then resell or otherwise transfer those Shares.  A selling stockholder may also loan or pledge the Shares offered hereby to a broker-dealer and the broker-dealer may sell the Shares offered hereby so loaned or upon a default may sell or otherwise transfer the pledged Shares offered hereby.

 

The selling stockholders and other persons participating in the sale or distribution of the Shares will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, including Regulation M.  This regulation may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the Shares by the selling stockholders and any other person.  The anti-manipulation rules under the Exchange Act may apply to sales of securities in the market and to the activities of the selling stockholders and their affiliates. Furthermore, Regulation M may restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of the Shares to engage in market-making activities with respect to the particular Shares being distributed for a period of up to five business days before the distribution.  These restrictions may affect the marketability of the Shares and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to the Shares.

 

Any underwriter may engage in stabilizing and syndicate covering transactions in accordance with Rule 104 under the Exchange Act. Rule 104 permits stabilizing bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. The underwriters may over-allot shares in connection with an offering of a selling stockholder’s Shares, thereby creating a short position in the underwriters’ account. Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the offered securities in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. Stabilizing and syndicate covering transactions may cause the price of the Shares to be higher than it would otherwise be in the absence of such transactions. These transactions, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.

 

  49  

 

The Shares offered hereby were issued or are issuable to the selling stockholders pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.  We agreed to register the Shares under the Securities Act and to use commercially reasonable efforts to keep the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part effective at all times until the earlier of the date on which no selling stockholder owns any of the Shares (including the securities which are convertible into or exercisable for Shares) or the date that all of the Shares are eligible for resale under Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act without regard to volume limitations.  

 

We will not receive any proceeds from sales of any Shares by the selling stockholders. We will pay all of our expenses and specified expenses incurred by the selling stockholders incidental to the registration, offering and sale of the securities to the public, but each selling stockholder will be responsible for payment of commissions, concessions, fees and discounts of underwriters, broker-dealers and agents.

 

We cannot assure you that the selling stockholders will sell all or any portion of the Shares offered hereby.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  50  

 

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

 

Common Stock

 

As of July 31, 2017, our authorized capital stock included 250,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share.  A description of the material terms and provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws affecting the rights of holders of our common stock is set forth below.  The description is intended as a summary, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, and our restated bylaws that are filed as exhibits to the registration statement relating to this prospectus.

 

Dividend Rights

 

Subject to preferences that may apply to shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of outstanding shares of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of funds legally available if our Board of Directors, in its discretion, determines to issue dividends, and only then at the times and in the amounts that our Board of Directors may determine.

 

Voting Rights

 

Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders.  Our restated certificate of incorporation eliminates the right of stockholders to cumulate votes for the election of directors and establishes a classified Board of Directors, divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms.  Only one class of directors is elected at each annual meeting of our stockholders, with the other classes continuing in office for the remainder of their respective three-year terms.

 

No Preemptive or Similar Rights

 

Our common stock is not entitled to preemptive rights and is not subject to conversion, redemption or sinking fund provisions.

 

Right to Receive Liquidation Distributions

 

Upon our dissolution, liquidation or winding-up, the assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders are distributable ratably among the holders of our common stock, subject to prior satisfaction of all outstanding debt and liabilities and the preferential rights and payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding shares of preferred stock.

 

Transfer Agent and Registrar

 

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Wells Fargo Shareowner Services.

 

Stock Exchange Listing

 

Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “AMRS.”

 

Registration Rights

 

Certain of our stockholders hold registration rights pursuant to (i) the Registration Rights Agreement dated July 30, 2012, by and between us and Total, (ii) the Amended and Restated Letter Agreement dated May 8, 2014, by and among us and certain of our stockholders, (iii) the Registration Rights Agreement dated February 24, 2015, by and between us and Nomis Bay Ltd., (iv) the letter agreement dated as of July 29, 2015, by and among us and certain investors, (v) the Registration Rights Agreement dated October 20, 2015, by and among us and certain purchasers of our 9.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2019, (vi) the warrant to purchase common stock issued to Nenter & Co., Inc. on November 16, 2016, (vii) the Initial Purchase Agreement, (viii) the Stockholder Agreement, dated as of May 11, 2017, between us and DSM International B.V., and (ix) the Subsequent Purchase Agreement.

 

  51  

 

This prospectus is a part of the registration statement we have filed in order to satisfy our obligations under the Purchase Agreements, pursuant to which we agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to register the Shares under the Securities Act and to use commercially reasonable efforts to keep such registration effective at all times until the earlier of the date on which no selling stockholder owns any of the Shares (including the securities which are convertible into or exercisable for Shares) or the date that all of the Shares are eligible for resale under Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act without regard to volume limitations.

   

 

Anti-Takeover Provisions

 

The provisions of Delaware law, our restated certificate of incorporation and our restated bylaws may have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another person from acquiring control of our company.

 

Delaware Law

 

Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law prevents some Delaware corporations from engaging, under some circumstances, in a business combination, which includes a merger or sale of at least 10% of the corporation’s assets with any interested stockholder, meaning a stockholder who, together with affiliates and associates, owns or, within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, did own 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock, unless:

 

· the transaction is approved by the Board of Directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder became an interested stockholder;

 

· upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder’s becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced; or

 

· at or subsequent to such time that the stockholder became an interested stockholder the business combination is approved by the Board of Directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders by at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.

 

If Section 203 applied to us, the restrictions could prohibit or delay mergers or other takeover or change in control attempts and, accordingly, could discourage attempts to acquire us.

 

A Delaware corporation may “opt out” of the restrictions on business combinations contained in Section 203 with an express provision in its original certificate of incorporation or an express provision in its certificate of incorporation or bylaws resulting from a stockholders’ amendment approved by at least a majority of the outstanding voting shares.  We have agreed to opt out of Section 203 through our certificate of incorporation, but our certificate of incorporation contains substantially similar protections to our company and stockholders as those afforded under Section 203, except that we have agreed with Total that it and its affiliates will not be deemed to be “interested stockholders” for purposes of such protections.

 

Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Restated Bylaw Provisions

 

Our restated certificate of incorporation and our restated bylaws include a number of provisions that may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying or preventing changes in control of our company or management team, including the following:

 

· Board of Directors Vacancies .  Our restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws authorize only our Board of Directors to fill vacant directorships.  In addition, the number of directors constituting our Board of Directors will be set only by resolution adopted by a majority vote of our entire Board of Directors.  These provisions prevent a stockholder from increasing the size of our Board of Directors and gaining control of our Board of Directors by filling the resulting vacancies with its own nominees.

 

  52  

 

· Classified Board .  Our restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws provide that our Board of Directors is classified into three classes of directors.  The existence of a classified board could delay a successful tender offeror from obtaining majority control of our Board of Directors, and the prospect of that delay might deter a potential offeror.  Pursuant to Delaware law, the directors of a corporation having a classified board may be removed by the stockholders only for cause.  In addition, stockholders will not be permitted to cumulate their votes for the election of directors.

 

· Stockholder Action; Special Meeting of Stockholders .  Our restated certificate of incorporation provides that our stockholders may not take action by written consent, but may only take action at annual or special meetings of our stockholders.  Our restated bylaws further provide that special meetings of our stockholders may be called only by a majority of our Board of Directors, the chairman of our Board of Directors, our chief executive officer or our president.

 

· Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations .  Our restated bylaws provide advance notice procedures for stockholders seeking to bring business before our annual meeting of stockholders, or to nominate candidates for election as directors at our annual meeting of stockholders.  Our restated bylaws also specify certain requirements regarding the form and content of a stockholder’s notice.  These provisions may preclude our stockholders from bringing matters before our annual meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors at our annual meeting of stockholders.

 

· Issuance of Undesignated Preferred Stock .  Under our restated certificate of incorporation, our Board of Directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with rights and preferences, including voting rights, designated from time to time by the Board of Directors.  The existence of authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock enables our Board of Directors to render more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise.

 

In addition, we have an agreement with Total that, so long as Total holds at least 10% of our voting securities, we are required to notify Total if our Board of Directors seeks to cause the sale of our company or if we receive an offer to acquire us.  In the event of such decision or offer, we are required to provide Total with all information given to an offering party and provide Total with an exclusive negotiating period of 15 business days in the event the Board of Directors authorizes us to solicit offers to buy our company, or five business days in the event that we receive an unsolicited offer to purchase us. This exclusive negotiation period will be followed by an additional restricted negotiation period of ten business days, during which we are obligated to continue to negotiate with Total and will be prohibited from entering into an agreement with any other potential acquirer. These rights of Total may have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another person from acquiring our company.

 

LEGAL MATTERS

 

The validity of the issuance of the Shares offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Fenwick & West LLP, Mountain View, California.  The validity of the Shares will be passed upon for any underwriters or agents by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.

 

EXPERTS

 

The consolidated financial statements incorporated in this Prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report (which contains an explanatory paragraph relating to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern as described in Note 1 to the financial statements) of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

 

  53  

 

The audited financial statements of Novvi LLC for the year ended December 31, 2014, incorporated herein by reference to Amyris, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of Pannell Kerr Forster of Texas, P.C., an independent auditor, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

 

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

 

We are subject to the filing requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act.  Therefore, we file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC.  Such reports, proxy statements and other information may be obtained by visiting the Public Reference Room of the SEC at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549.  You may obtain information regarding the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.  In addition, the SEC maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically.

 

We make our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to such reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act available free of charge through a link on the Investors section of our website located at www.amyris.com (under “Financial Information—SEC Filings”) as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with or furnished to the SEC.  The information contained in or accessible through our website or contained on other websites is not a part of, and not incorporated into, this prospectus.

 

INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE

 

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” into this prospectus the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents.  The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and information in documents that we subsequently file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede information in this prospectus.  We incorporate by reference into this prospectus the documents listed below and any future filings made by us with the SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (other than those documents or the portions of those documents furnished and not filed in accordance with SEC rules) prior to the termination of this offering, including all filings made after the date of the initial registration statement and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement.  We hereby incorporate by reference the following documents (other than the portions of those documents furnished and not filed in accordance with SEC rules):

 

· Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the SEC on April 17, 2017 (including the information incorporated therein from our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 27, 2017);

 

· Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on May 15, 2017;

 

· Our Current Reports on Form 8-K or Form 8-K/A, as applicable, filed with the SEC on January 5, 2017, January 6, 2017, January 13, 2017, January 18, 2017, March 3, 2017, March 10, 2017, March 17, 2017, April 17, 2017, May 8, 2017 (two filings), May 11, 2017, May 17, 2017, May 18, 2017, May 22, 2017, May 25, 2017, June 6, 2017 (two filings), June 15, 2017, June 21, 2017, June 29, 2017, July 7, 2017, July 10, 2017, August 3, 2017 and August 4, 2017; and

 

· The description of our common stock contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on September 24, 2010, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.

 

We will provide to each person, including any beneficial holder, to whom a prospectus is delivered, at no cost, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all information that has been incorporated by reference in this prospectus but not delivered with this prospectus, including any exhibits that are specifically incorporated by reference in that information. You may request a copy of these filings by writing or telephoning us at the following address and number:

 

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Amyris, Inc.

5885 Hollis Street, Suite 100

Emeryville, California 94608

Attention: Investor Relations

+1 (510) 450-0761

 

Copies of these filings are also available free of charge through a link on the Investors section of our website located at www.amyris.com (under “Financial Information—SEC Filings”) as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with or furnished to the SEC.  The information contained in or accessible through our website or contained on other websites is not a part of, and not incorporated into, this prospectus.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROSPECTUS

 

42,268,338 Shares

 

 

 

AMYRIS, INC.

 

Common Stock

 

 

 

 

August 4, 2017

 

 

 

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. We have not authorized any dealer, salesperson or other person to give any information or represent anything not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus.  You must not rely on any unauthorized information.  If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it.  This prospectus does not offer to sell any shares in any jurisdiction where it is unlawful.  Neither the delivery of this prospectus, nor any sale made hereunder, shall create any implication that the information in this prospectus is correct after the date hereof.

 

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PART II

 

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

 

 

ITEM 14. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION

 

The following table sets forth all expenses to be paid by the registrant, other than estimated underwriting discounts and commissions in connection with this offering.  All amounts shown are estimates except for the SEC registration fee:

 

     
SEC registration fee   $ 19,154.70  
Legal fees and expenses     *  
Accounting fees and expenses     *  
Transfer agent and registrar fees     *  
Miscellaneous     *  
         
Total   $ *  

____________

*Estimated expenses not presently known.

 

ITEM 15. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

 

Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or the DGCL, authorizes a court to award, or a corporation’s Board of Directors to grant, indemnity to directors and officers under certain circumstances and subject to certain limitations. The terms of Section 145 of the DGCL are sufficiently broad to permit indemnification under certain circumstances for liabilities, including reimbursement of expenses incurred, arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

The registrant’s certificate of incorporation limits the personal liability of directors for breach of fiduciary duty to the maximum extent permitted by the DGCL, and provides that no director will have personal liability to the registrant or to its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty or other duty as a director. However, these provisions do not eliminate or limit the liability of any director for:

 

· any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the registrant or its stockholders;

· acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;

· under Section 174 of the DGCL (regarding unlawful dividends and stock purchases); or

· any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

 

Any amendment to or repeal of these provisions will not eliminate or reduce the effect of these provisions in respect of any act, omission or claim that occurred or arose prior to such amendment or repeal. If the DGCL is amended to provide for further limitations on the personal liability of directors of corporations, then the personal liability of the registrant’s directors will be further limited to the greatest extent permitted by the DGCL.

 

As permitted by the DGCL, the registrant’s restated bylaws provide that:

 

· the registrant is required to indemnify its directors and executive officers to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, subject to very limited exceptions;

· the registrant may indemnify its other employees and agents as set forth in the DGCL;

  II- 1  

 

· the registrant is required to advance expenses, as incurred, to its directors and executive officers in connection with a legal proceeding to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, subject to very limited exceptions; and

· the rights conferred in the bylaws are not exclusive.

 

In addition, the registrant has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers that may be broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained in the DGCL. These indemnification agreements require the registrant, among other things, to indemnify its directors and executive officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service. These indemnification agreements also require the registrant to advance all expenses incurred by the directors and executive officers in investigating or defending any such action, suit or proceeding.  The indemnification provisions in the registrant’s restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws and the indemnification agreements entered into between the registrant and each of its directors and executive officers may be sufficiently broad to permit indemnification of the registrant’s directors and executive officers for liabilities arising under the Securities Act.

 

The registrant maintains an insurance policy that covers certain liabilities of its directors and officers arising out of claims based on acts or omissions in their capacities as directors or officers of the registrant.

 

Certain of the registrant’s non-employee directors may, through their relationships with their employers, be insured and/or indemnified against certain liabilities incurred in their capacity as members of the registrant’s board of directors.

 

Reference is made to the following documents filed as exhibits to this registration statement regarding relevant indemnification provisions described above:

 

Exhibit
Number
Description
3.01 Restated Certificate of Incorporation
3.08 Restated Bylaws

 

ITEM 16. EXHIBITS

 

Please see the Exhibit Index beginning on page II-5 of this registration statement.

 

ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS

 

(a)  The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

 

(1)  To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

 

(i)  To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;

 

(ii)  To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;

 

  II- 2  

 

(iii)  To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

 

Provided, however , that the undertakings set forth in paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is a part of the registration statement.

 

(2)  That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

   

(3)  To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

 

(4)  That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to any purchaser:

 

(A) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

 

(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii) or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in this registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or a prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of this registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in this registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

 

(b)  The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

(c)  Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and is therefore unenforceable.  In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

 

  II- 3  

 

SIGNATURES

 

 

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Emeryville, State of California, on August 4, 2017.

 

 

 

     
    AMYRIS, INC.
     
    /s/    JOHN G. MELO
    John G. Melo
    President and Chief Executive Officer

 

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

 

 

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints John G. Melo and Kathleen Valiasek, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent with full power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this registration statement (including post-effective amendments or any abbreviated registration statement and any amendments thereto filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) increasing the number of securities for which registration is sought), and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

  Signature Title Date
     
/s/    John G. Melo Director, President and Chief Executive Officer August 4, 2017
John G. Melo (Principal Executive Officer)  
     
/s/     Kathleen Valiasek Chief Financial Officer August 4, 2017
Kathleen Valiasek (Principal Financial Officer)  
     
/s/    Karen Weaver Vice President, Finance August 4, 2017
Karen Weaver (Principal Accounting Officer)  
     
/s/    John Doerr Director August 4, 2017
John Doerr    
     
/s/     Geoffrey Duyk Director August 4, 2017
Geoffrey Duyk, M.D., Ph.D.    
     
/s/     Carole Piwnica Director August 4, 2017
Carole Piwnica    
     
/s/     Fernando Reinach Director August 4, 2017
Fernando Reinach, Ph.D.    
     
/s/     Christophe Vuillez Director August 4, 2017
Christophe Vuillez    
     
/s/     Patrick Yang Director August 4, 2017
Patrick Yang, Ph.D.    

 

 

 

  II- 4  

 

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

 

Exhibit   Previously Filed Filed
Number Description Form File No. Filing Date Exhibit Herewith
3.01 Restated Certificate of Incorporation 10-Q 001-34885 November 10, 2010 3.1  
3.02 Certificate of Amendment of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated May 9, 2013 S-8 333-188711 May 20, 2013 4.02  
3.03 Certificate of Amendment of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated May 12, 2014 10-Q 001-34885 August 8, 2014 3.02  
3.04 Certificate of Amendment of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated September 18, 2015 S-3/A 333-206331 November 4, 2015 3.03  
3.05 Certificate of Amendment of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated May 18, 2016 10-Q 001-34885 August 9, 2016 3.05  
3.06 Form of Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series B 17.38% Convertible Preferred Stock 8-K 001-34885 May 8, 2017 3.2  
3.07 Certificate of Amendment of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated June 5, 2017         X
3.08 Restated Bylaws 10-Q 001-34885 November 10, 2010 3.2  
4.01 Specimen of Common Stock Certificate         X
4.02 Registration Rights Agreement dated July 30, 2012 between registrant and Total Gas & Power USA, SAS 10-Q 001-34885 November 9, 2012 4.03  
4.03 Amended and Restated Letter Agreement re: Certain Registration Rights dated May 8, 2014 between registrant and the purchasers listed therein 10-Q 001-34885 August 8, 2014 4.01  
4.04 Registration Rights Agreement dated February 24, 2015 between the Registrant and Nomis Bay Ltd 8-K 001-34885 February 26, 2015 4.01  
4.05 Letter Agreement dated as of July 29, 2015 among registrant and registrant’s security holders listed therein. S-3 333-206331 August 12, 2015 4.20  
4.06 Registration Rights Agreement dated October 20, 2015 between the registrant and the registrant’s security holders listed therein 8-K 001-34885 October 20, 2015 4.02  
4.07 Warrant to Purchase Stock, issued November 16, 2016, by the registrant to Nenter & Co., Inc. S-3 333-215318 December 23, 2016 4.15  
4.08 Form of certificate representing the Series B 17.38% Convertible Preferred Stock 8-K 001-34885 May 8, 2017 4.2  
4.09 Form of Cash Warrant 8-K 001-34885 May 8, 2017 4.3  
4.10 Form of Dilution Warrant 8-K 001-34885 May 8, 2017 4.4  
5.01 Opinion of Fenwick & West LLP regarding the Shares         X
10.01 Form of Initial Purchase Agreement 8-K 001-34885 May 8, 2017 10.1  
10.02 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 31, 2017, between the Company and the investor named therein         X
23.01 Consent of Fenwick & West LLP (included in Exhibit 5.01)         X
23.02 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm         X
23.03 Consent of Pannell Kerr Forster of Texas, P.C.         X
24.01 Power of attorney (included on signature page)         X
             

 

 

II-5

 

EXHIBIT 3.07

 

 

 

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT

 

OF THE

 

RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

 

OF

 

AMYRIS, INC.

 

Amyris, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “ Corporation ”),

 

DOES HEREBY CERTIFY THE FOLLOWING:

 

FIRST : That the name of the Corporation is Amyris, Inc.

 

SECOND : That the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation was originally filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on April 15, 2010 under the name Amyris Biotechnologies, Inc.

 

THIRD : That, at a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “ Board ”), the Board duly adopted resolutions setting forth the following proposed amendment of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as amended, declaring said amendment to be advisable and directing the Corporation to submit said amendment to the next annual meeting of the stockholders of said Corporation for consideration thereof, and that, thereafter, pursuant to such resolutions, the Corporation submitted the amendment to the stockholders of the Corporation at such annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation duly called and held upon notice in accordance with Section 222 of the Delaware General Corporation Law at which meeting the necessary number of shares as required by statute were voted in favor of said amendment:

 

Section 1 of Article IV of the Corporation’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:

 

“1. Total Authorized . The total number of shares of all classes of stock that the corporation has authority to issue is Two-Hundred and Fifty-Five Million (255,000,000) shares, consisting of two classes: Two-Hundred and Fifty Million (250,000,000) shares of Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and Five Million (5,000,000) shares of Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value per share. Effective as of the close of business, Eastern Time, on the date of filing of this Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Effective Time”), each fifteen (15) shares of the corporation’s Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time shall automatically and without any action on the part of the respective holders thereof be combined into one (1) share of the corporation’s Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Reverse Stock Split”). No fractional shares shall be issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. In lieu thereof, any person who would hold a fraction of one (1) share of Common Stock as a result of the Reverse Stock Split shall be entitled to receive one (1) share of Common Stock. Each certificate that immediately prior to the Effective Time represented shares of Common Stock (an “Old Certificate”) shall thereafter represent that number of shares of Common Stock into which the shares of Common Stock represented by the Old Certificate shall have been combined, subject to the elimination of fractional share interests as described above.”

 

 

 

FOURTH : That said amendment was duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused this Certificate of Amendment of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation to be signed by its Chief Financial Officer this 5 th day of June, 2017 and the foregoing facts stated herein are true and correct.

 

  AMYRIS, INC.
   
  By: /s/ Kathleen Valiasek     
  Name: Kathleen Valiasek    
  Title: Chief Financial Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


EXHIBIT 4.01

 

 

 

EXHIBIT 5.01

 

August 4, 2017

 

 

 

Amyris, Inc.

5885 Hollis Street, Ste. 100

Emeryville, California 94608

 

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

At your request, we have examined the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “ Registration Statement ”) to be filed by Amyris, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ) on August 4, 2017, in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”), of an aggregate of up to 42,268,338 shares (the “ Shares ”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “ Common Stock ”), which Shares consist of (i) shares of Common Stock issuable by the Company to certain selling stockholders (the “ Selling Stockholders ”) of the Company upon the exercise of warrants issued by the Company to such Selling Stockholders (the “ Warrants ”) pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated May 8, 2017, between the Company and the investors named therein (the “ Initial Purchase Agreement ”) and the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 31, 2017, between the Company and the investor named therein (the “ Subsequent Purchase Agreement ” and, together with the Initial Purchase Agreement, the “ Purchase Agreements ”), and (ii) shares of Common Stock issued or issuable by the Company to certain of the Selling Stockholders upon conversion of shares of the Company’s Series B 17.38% Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “ Series B Preferred Stock ”) issued by the Company to such Selling Stockholders pursuant to the Purchase Agreements and the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series B 17.38% Convertible Preferred Stock filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on May 8, 2017 (the “ Series B Certificate of Designation ” and, together with the Warrants and the Purchase Agreements, the “ Transaction Documents ”). The Shares may be sold from time to time by the Selling Stockholders as set forth in the Registration Statement and the prospectus contained within the Registration Statement (the “ Prospectus ”).

 

As to matters of fact relevant to this opinion, we have relied upon our examination of the following documents: (i) the Registration Statement and the Exhibits filed as a part thereof or incorporated therein by reference; (ii) the Prospectus; (iii) the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on September 30, 2010, and certified by the Delaware Secretary of State on September 30, 2010, as amended by that certain Certificate of Amendment of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on May 9, 2013 and certified by the Delaware Secretary of State on May 9, 2013, that certain Certificate of Amendment of the above-described Restated Certificate of Incorporation, dated May 12, 2014 and certified by the Delaware Secretary of State on May 12, 2014, that certain Certificate of Amendment of the above-described Restated Certificate of Incorporation, dated September 18, 2015 and certified by the Delaware Secretary of State on September 18, 2015, that certain Certificate of Amendment of the above-described Restated Certificate of Incorporation, dated May 18, 2016 and certified by the Delaware Secretary of State on May 18, 2016, and that certain Certificate of Amendment of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, dated June 5, 2017 and certified by the Delaware Secretary of State on June 5, 2017, including the Company’s Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A 17.38% Convertible Preferred Stock, the Series B Certificate of Designation, the Company’s Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, all three filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on May 8, 2017, and the Company’s Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on August 3, 2017 (such Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as so amended, the “ Restated Certificate ”); (iv) the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws, certified by the Company’s Secretary on December 22, 2016 (the “ Bylaws ”); (v) corporate proceedings and actions of the Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders with respect to the approval or authorization of the Restated Certificate and the Bylaws, the Transaction Documents, and the Registration Statement; (vi) records of the outstanding capital stock and other outstanding securities of the Company that the Company has provided to us (including a certificate from the Company’s transfer agent of even date herewith verifying the number of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock as of August 3, 2017); (vii) a Certificate of Good Standing issued by the Delaware Secretary of State dated August 4, 2017, stating that the Company is duly incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware and is in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “ Good Standing Certificate ”); and (viii) factual representations and warranties made to us by the Company, including those contained in an Opinion Certificate of the Company dated of even date herewith. We have assumed the current accuracy and completeness of the information obtained from the documents referred to above and the representations and warranties made by representatives of the Company to us. We have made no independent investigation or other attempt to verify the accuracy of any of such information or to determine the existence or non-existence of any other factual matters.

 

 

In our examination of documents for purposes of this opinion, we have assumed, and express no opinion as to, the genuineness of all signatures on original documents, the authenticity and completeness of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to originals and completeness of all documents submitted to us as copies, the legal capacity of all persons or entities executing the same, the lack of any undisclosed termination, modification, waiver or amendment to any document reviewed by us, the absence of any other extrinsic agreements or documents that might change or affect the interpretation or terms of any document we have reviewed and the due authorization, execution and delivery of all documents. We have also assumed that any certificates or instruments representing the Shares have been, or will be when issued, properly signed by authorized officers of the Company or their agents.

 

We render this opinion only with respect to, and express no opinion herein concerning the application or effect of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the existing laws of the State of California and the existing Delaware General Corporation Law (collectively, the “ Applicable Laws ”).

 

With respect to our opinion expressed in paragraph (1) below as to the valid existence and good standing of the Company under the laws of the State of Delaware, we have relied solely upon the Good Standing Certificate and representations made to us by the Company. With respect to our opinion expressed in paragraph (2) below, we have assumed that, (i) at or prior to the time of issuance of the Shares, the Registration Statement will have been declared effective under the Securities Act with respect to all of the Shares, and will not have been modified or rescinded and that there will not have occurred any change in law affecting the validity of the issuance of the Shares, and (ii) the Transaction Documents will remain in full force and effect through the time of issuance of any Shares and will not be amended in any manner that effects the validity of the issuance of, or payment for, any Shares.

 

With respect to our opinions expressed in paragraph (2) below, we have assumed that: (a) no change or changes to the number of authorized or outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock, the par value per share of the Common Stock, or any of the Transaction Documents will occur that would (i) cause the exercise price per share of Common Stock or the conversion price per share of Common Stock under any of the Transaction Documents, as applicable, to be less than the par value per share of the Common Stock, or (ii) cause the Company to have insufficient authorized, unissued and unreserved shares of Common Stock available to satisfy its obligations to issue the Shares under any of the Transaction Documents; and (b) if necessary, all required action, resolutions and approvals of the Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders will be timely and validly taken and obtained so that, at each time a Warrant is exercised or Series B Preferred Stock is converted into shares of Common Stock, (i) the number of Shares issuable upon such exercise or conversion will not exceed the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock then authorized under the Restated Certificate that are not then issued or outstanding or reserved for issuance with respect to any other then outstanding securities of the Company and (ii) the exercise price per share of Common Stock or the conversion price per share of Common Stock under any Transaction Document, as applicable, is not less than the par value per share of the Common Stock.

 

2  

 

Opinions . Based upon and subject to the foregoing, we are of the following opinion:

 

(1)        The Company is a corporation validly existing, in good standing, under the laws of the State of Delaware.

 

(2)        The Shares that may be sold by the Selling Stockholders pursuant to the Registration Statement will, when delivered in the manner and for the consideration stated in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and when issued in accordance with the terms and conditions of the applicable Transaction Document, be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

 

We consent to the use of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and further consent to all references to us, if any, in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus constituting a part thereof and any amendments or supplements thereto.

 

[ The remainder of this page has intentionally been left blank ]

 

 

 

 

3  

 

This opinion is intended solely for use in connection with the issuance and sale of shares subject to the Registration Statement and is not to be relied upon for any other purpose. In providing this letter, we are opining only as to the specific legal issues expressly set forth above, and no opinion shall be inferred as to any other matter or matters. This opinion is rendered on, and speaks only as of, the date of this letter first written above, is based solely on our understanding of facts in existence as of such date and does not address any potential changes in facts, circumstance or law that may occur after the date of this opinion letter. We assume no obligation to advise you of any fact, circumstance, event or change in the law or the facts that may hereafter be brought to our attention whether or not such occurrence would affect or modify the opinions expressed herein.

 

 

 

  Very truly yours,
     
  FENWICK & WEST LLP
     
  By: /s/ Daniel Winnike
    Daniel Winnike, a Partner
     
     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4


EXHIBIT 10.02

 

SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT

 

This SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) is made and entered into as of May 31, 2017, by and between Amyris, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), and John E. Abdo, As Trustee Under Trust Agreement Dated March 15, 1976 For The Benefit Of John E. Abdo (the “ Purchaser ”).

 

Preliminary Statement

 

A.                 The Company and the Purchaser are executing and delivering this Agreement in reliance upon the exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”), and Rule 506 of Regulation D (“ Regulation D ”) as promulgated by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ SEC ”) under the Securities Act.

 

B.                  The Purchaser wishes to purchase, and the Company wishes to issue and sell, upon the terms and conditions stated in this Agreement, (i) 5,700 shares of the Company’s 17.38% Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the “ Shares ”), (ii) a warrant in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A , registered in the name of the Purchaser, to purchase up to 13,570,958 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (the “ Common Stock ”), with an exercise price per share equal to $0.52 with respect to one-half of the shares subject to such warrant and $0.62 with respect to the other half of the shares subject to such warrant, in each case, subject to adjustment therein (the “ Cash Warrant ”), and (iii) a warrant in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B , registered in the name of the Purchaser, to purchase shares of Common Stock pursuant to the anti-dilution formula set forth therein, with an exercise price equal to $0.0001 per share, subject to adjustment therein (the “ Anti-Dilution Warrant ” and together with the Cash Warrant, the “ Warrants ,” and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, the “ Warrant Shares ”).

 

C.                  The Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares issued pursuant to this Agreement are collectively referred to herein as the “ Securities .”

 

Agreement

 

The parties, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE 1
SALE OF SHARES

 

The Purchaser will purchase from the Company all of the Shares at a price of U.S. $1,000 per Share in cash. The total purchase price payable by the Purchaser for the Shares is $5,700,000 (the “ Total Purchase Price ”).

 

 

 

 

 

ARTICLE 2
CLOSING; DELIVERY

 

2.1.             Closing . The closing (“ Closing ”) of the transactions contemplated hereby shall be held at the offices of Fenwick & West LLP, 801 California Street, Mountain View, California 94041 within one Business Day following the date on which the last of the conditions set forth in Articles 6 and 7 have been satisfied or waived in accordance with this Agreement but in no event later than May 31, 2017 (such date, the “ Closing Date ”), or at such other time and place as the Company and the Purchaser mutually agree upon. “ Business Day ” shall mean any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.

 

2.2.             Delivery . At the Closing, the Company shall execute and deliver to the Purchaser this Agreement, the Warrants and the other documents referenced in Article 6 . At the Closing, the Purchaser shall pay the Company the applicable Total Purchase Price in immediately available funds. Promptly following the Closing, the Company shall deliver to the Purchaser a single stock certificate representing the number of Shares purchased by the Purchaser, such stock certificate to be registered in the name of the Purchaser, or in such nominee’s or nominees’ name(s) as designated by the Purchaser in writing in the form of the Purchaser Suitability Questionnaire of the Purchaser attached hereto as Exhibit C (the “ Purchaser Suitability Questionnaire ”), against payment of the purchase price therefor by wire transfer of immediately available funds to such account or accounts as the Company shall designate in writing to Purchaser at least two days prior to the Closing Date.

 

ARTICLE 3
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY

 

The Company represents, warrants and covenants to the Purchaser, except as set forth in the disclosure letter supplied by the Company to the Purchaser dated as of the date hereof (the “ Disclosure Letter ”), which exceptions shall be deemed to be part of the representations and warranties made hereunder as provided therein, as follows:

 

3.1.             Organization and Standing . The Company and each of its subsidiaries is duly incorporated, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries has all requisite power and authority to own and operate its respective properties and assets and to carry on its respective business as presently conducted and as proposed to be conducted. The Company and each of its subsidiaries is qualified to do business as a foreign entity in every jurisdiction in which the failure to be so qualified would have, or would reasonably be expected to have, a material adverse effect, individually or in the aggregate, upon the business, properties, tangible and intangible assets, liabilities, operations, prospects, financial condition or results of operation of the Company and its subsidiaries or the ability of the Company or any of its subsidiaries to perform their respective obligations under the Transaction Agreements (as defined below) (a “ Material Adverse Effect ”).

 

3.2.             Subsidiaries . As used in this Agreement, references to any “subsidiary” of a specified Person shall refer to an Affiliate controlled by such Person directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall include the Company’s controlled joint ventures, including shared-controlled joint ventures). The Company’s subsidiaries, as of the date hereof, are listed on Exhibit 21.01 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and, except as Previously Disclosed (as defined in Section 3.11 ) are the only subsidiaries, direct or indirect, of the Company as of the date hereof. All the issued and outstanding shares of each subsidiary’s capital stock have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, were not issued in violation of or subject to any preemptive rights or other rights to subscribe for or purchase securities, and, except as set forth on Section 3.2 of the Disclosure Letter or as Previously Disclosed, are owned by the Company or a Company subsidiary free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and equities and claims. As used herein, “ Person ” shall mean any individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof, and an “ Affiliate ” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person.

 

2
 

 

3.3.             Power . The Company has all requisite power to execute and deliver this Agreement, to sell and issue the Securities hereunder, and to carry out and perform its obligations under the terms of this Agreement, the Warrants and any ancillary agreements and instruments to be entered into by the Company hereunder (together, the “ Transaction Agreements ”).

 

3.4.             Authorization . The execution, delivery, and performance of the Transaction Agreements by the Company has been duly authorized by all requisite action on the part of the Company and its officers, directors and stockholders, and this Agreement constitutes, and the other Transaction Agreements will constitute, legal, valid, and binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their terms, except (a) as limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, and (b) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies (together, the “ Enforceability Exceptions ”).

 

3.5.             Consents and Approvals . Except for any Current Report on Form 8-K or Notice of Exempt Offering of Securities on Form D to be filed by the Company in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, or except as set forth on Section 3.5 of the Disclosure Letter, the Company is not required to give any notice to, make any filing with, or obtain any authorization, consent, or approval of any government or governmental agency in order to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Agreements. Assuming the accuracy of the representations of the Purchaser in the Purchaser Suitability Questionnaire, no consent, approval, authorization or other order of, or registration, qualification or filing with, any court, regulatory body, administrative agency, self-regulatory organization, stock exchange or market (including The NASDAQ Stock Market, the “ NASDAQ Stock Market ”), or other governmental body is required for the execution and delivery of these Transaction Agreements, the valid issuance, sale and delivery of the Securities to be sold pursuant to this Agreement other than such as have been made or obtained, or for any securities filings required to be made under federal or state securities laws applicable to the offering of the Securities.

 

3
 

 

3.6.             Non-Contravention . The execution and delivery of the Transaction Agreements, the issuance, sale and delivery of the Securities to be sold by the Company under this Agreement, the performance by the Company of its obligations under the Transaction Agreements and/or the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby will not (a) conflict with, result in the breach or violation of, or constitute (with or without the giving of notice or the passage of time or both) a violation of, or default under, (i) any bond, debenture, note or other evidence of indebtedness, or under any lease, license, franchise, permit, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, joint venture or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any subsidiary is a party or by which it or its properties may be bound or affected, (ii) the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended and as in effect on the date hereof (the “ Certificate of Incorporation ”), the Company’s Bylaws, as amended and as in effect on the date hereof (the “ Bylaws ”), or the equivalent document with respect to any subsidiary, as amended and as in effect on the date hereof, or (iii) any statute or law, judgment, decree, rule, regulation, ordinance or order of any court or governmental or regulatory body (including The NASDAQ Stock Market), governmental agency, arbitration panel or authority applicable to the Company, any of its subsidiaries or their respective properties, except in the case of clauses (i) and (iii) for such conflicts, breaches, violations or defaults that would not be likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect, or (b) result in the creation or imposition of any lien, encumbrance, claim, security interest or restriction whatsoever upon any of the material properties or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or an acceleration of indebtedness pursuant to any obligation, agreement or condition contained in any material bond, debenture, note or any other evidence of indebtedness or any material indenture, mortgage, deed of trust or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any if its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company is subject. For purposes of this Section 3.6 , the term “material” shall apply to agreements, understandings, instruments, contracts or proposed transactions to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound involving obligations (contingent or otherwise) of, or payments to, the Company in excess of $100,000 in a consecutive 12-month period.

 

3.7.             Shares . The Shares are duly authorized and when issued pursuant to the terms of this Agreement will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable, and will be free of any liens or encumbrances with respect to the issuance thereof; provided , however , that the Shares shall be subject to restrictions on transfer under state or federal securities laws as set forth in this Agreement, or as otherwise may be required under state or federal securities laws as set forth in this Agreement at the time a transfer is proposed. The shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Shares (the “ Conversion Shares ”) shall be, subject to receipt of the Stockholder Approval (as defined below), duly authorized and when issued pursuant to the terms of the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series B 17.38% Convertible Preferred Stock (the “ Certificate of Designation ”) will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable, and will be free of any liens or encumbrances with respect to the issuance thereof; provided , however , that the Conversion Shares shall be subject to restrictions on transfer under state or federal securities laws as set forth in this Agreement, or as otherwise may be required under state or federal securities laws as set forth in this Agreement at the time a transfer is proposed. Except as set forth on Section 3.7 of the Disclosure Letter, the issuance and delivery of the Shares and the Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion thereof is not subject to preemptive, co-sale, right of first refusal or any other similar rights of the stockholders of the Company or any other Person, or any liens or encumbrances or result in the triggering of any anti-dilution or other similar rights under any outstanding securities of the Company.

 

4
 

 

3.8.             Authorization of the Warrants . The Warrants have been duly authorized by the Company and, when duly executed and delivered by the Company, will constitute a valid and binding agreement of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, subject to the Enforceability Exceptions.

 

3.9.             Authorization of the Warrant Shares . The Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants have been, subject to receipt of the Stockholder Approval, duly authorized and reserved for issuance upon exercise by all necessary corporate action and such shares, when issued upon such exercise in accordance of the terms of the Warrants, will be validly issued and will be fully paid and non-assessable, and will be free of any liens or encumbrances with respect to the issuance thereof; provided , however , that the Warrant Shares shall be subject to restrictions on transfer under state or federal securities laws as set forth in this Agreement, or as otherwise may be required under state or federal securities laws as set forth in this Agreement at the time a transfer is proposed. Except as set forth on Section 3.7 of the Disclosure Letter, the issuance and delivery of the Warrant Shares is not subject to preemptive, co-sale, right of first refusal or any other similar rights of the stockholders of the Company or any other Person, or any liens or encumbrances or result in the triggering of any anti-dilution or other similar rights under any outstanding securities of the Company.

 

3.10.         No Registration . Assuming the accuracy of each of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser herein and in the Purchaser Suitability Questionnaire, the issuance by the Company of the Securities is exempt from registration under the Securities Act.

 

3.11.         Reporting Status . The Company is subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”), and the Company has, in a timely manner, filed all documents and reports that the Company was required to file pursuant to Section I.A.3.b of the General Instructions to Form S-3 promulgated under the Securities Act in order for the Company to be eligible to use Form S-3 for the two years preceding the Closing Date or such shorter time period as the Company has been subject to such reporting requirements (the foregoing materials, together with any materials filed by the Company under the Exchange Act, whether or not required, collectively, the “ SEC Documents ”). The SEC Documents complied as to form in all material respects with requirements of the Securities Act and Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder (collectively, the “ SEC Rules ”), and none of the SEC Documents and the information contained therein, as of their respective filing dates, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. As used in this Agreement, “ Previously Disclosed ” means information set forth in or incorporated by reference into the SEC Documents filed with the SEC on or after December 31, 2016 but prior to the date hereof (except for risks and forward-looking information set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of the applicable SEC Documents or in any forward-looking statement disclaimers or similar statements that are similarly non-specific and are predictive or forward-looking in nature).

 

3.12.         Contracts . Each indenture, contract, lease, mortgage, deed of trust, note agreement, loan or other agreement or instrument of a character that is required to be described or summarized in the SEC Documents or to be filed as an exhibit to the SEC Documents under the SEC Rules (collectively, the “ Material Contracts ”) is so described, summarized or filed. The Material Contracts to which the Company or its subsidiaries are a party have been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and constitute the legal, valid and binding agreements of the Company or its subsidiaries, as applicable, enforceable by and against the Company or its subsidiaries, as applicable, in accordance with their respective terms, subject to the Enforceability Exceptions.

 

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3.13.         Capitalization . As of the date hereof, the authorized capital stock of the Company consists of (a) 500,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, 357,845,305 shares of which are issued and outstanding as of the date hereof, and (b) 5,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, of which 108,264.4536 shares are issued and outstanding as of the date hereof. All subscriptions, warrants, options, convertible securities, and other rights (contingent or other) to purchase or otherwise acquire equity securities of the Company issued and outstanding as of the date hereof, or material contracts, commitments, understandings, or arrangements by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may be obligated to issue shares of capital stock, or securities or rights convertible or exchangeable for shares of capital stock, are as set forth in the SEC Documents. The issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s capital stock have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all applicable federal and state securities laws, and were not issued in violation of or subject to any preemptive rights or other rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. Except as Previously Disclosed or as set forth in Section 3.13 of the Disclosure Letter, no holder of the Company’s capital stock is entitled to preemptive or similar rights. Except as Previously Disclosed, there are no bonds, debentures, notes or other indebtedness having general voting rights (or convertible into securities having such rights) of the Company issued and outstanding. Except as Previously Disclosed, there are no agreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the Securities Act. The Company has made available to the Purchaser, a true, correct and complete copy of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws.

 

3.14.         Legal Proceedings . Except as Previously Disclosed, there is no action, suit or proceeding before any court, governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, now pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against the Company or its subsidiaries wherein an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding would reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, (i) materially adversely affect the validity or enforceability of, or the authority or ability of the Company to perform its obligations under, this Agreement or (ii) have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company is not a party to or subject to the provisions of any injunction, judgment, decree or order of any court, regulatory body, administrative agency or other governmental agency or body that might have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.

 

3.15.         No Violations . Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of its respective certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational documents, or to its knowledge, is in violation of any statute or law, judgment, decree, rule, regulation, ordinance or order of any court or governmental or regulatory body (including, except as Previously Disclosed, The NASDAQ Stock Market), governmental agency, arbitration panel or authority applicable to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, which violation, individually or in the aggregate, would be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in default (and there exists no condition which, with or without the passage of time or giving of notice or both, would constitute a default) in the performance of any bond, debenture, note or any other evidence of indebtedness in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust or any other material agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or by which the properties of the Company are bound, which would be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the C ompany, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the SEC involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company and the Company is not an “ineligible issuer” pursuant to Rules 164, 405 and 433 under the Securities Act. The Company has not received any comment letter from the SEC relating to any SEC Documents which has not been finally resolved. The SEC has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.

 

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3.16.         Governmental Permits; FDA Matters.

 

(a)        Permits . The Company and its subsidiaries possess all necessary franchises, licenses, certificates and other authorizations from any foreign, federal, state or local government or governmental agency, department or body that are currently necessary for the operation of their respective businesses as currently conducted, except where such failure to possess would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such permit which, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, could reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(b)        EPA and FDA Matters . As to each of the manufacturing processes, intermediate products and research or commercial products of the Company and each of its subsidiaries, including, without limitation, products or compounds currently under research and/or development by the Company, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“ EPA ”) under the Toxic Substances Control Act and regulations thereunder (“ TSCA ”) or the Food and Drug Administration (“ FDA ”) under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and the regulations thereunder (“ FDCA ”) (each such product, a “ Life Science Product ”), such Life Science Product is being researched, developed, manufactured, tested, distributed and/or marketed in compliance in all material respects with all applicable requirements under the FDCA and TSCA and similar laws and regulations applicable to such Life Science Product, including those relating to investigational use, premarket approval, good manufacturing practices, labeling, advertising, record keeping, filing of reports and security. The Company has not received any notice or other communication from the FDA, EPA or any other federal, state or foreign governmental entity (i) contesting the premarket approval of, the uses of or the labeling and promotion of any Life Science Product or (ii) otherwise alleging any violation by the Company of any law, regulation or other legal provision applicable to a Life Science Product. Neither the Company, nor any officer, employee or agent of the Company has made an untrue statement of a material fact or fraudulent statement to the FDA or other federal, state or foreign governmental entity performing similar or equivalent functions or failed to disclose a material fact required to be disclosed to the FDA or such other federal, state or foreign governmental entity.

 

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3.17.         Listing Compliance . Except as Previously Disclosed, the Company is in compliance with the requirements of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC for continued listing of the Common Stock thereon and has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances that could reasonably lead to delisting of its Common Stock from The NASDAQ Stock Market. The Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act or the listing of the Common Stock on The NASDAQ Stock Market, nor has the Company received any notification that the SEC or The NASDAQ Stock Market is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. The transactions contemplated by the Transaction Agreements will not contravene the rules and regulations of The NASDAQ Stock Market. The Company will comply with all requirements of The NASDAQ Stock Market with respect to the issuance of the Securities, including the filing of any listing notice with respect to the issuance of the Securities.

 

3.18.         Intellectual Property .

 

(a)       Except as set forth in Section 3.18 of the Disclosure Letter or as otherwise Previously Disclosed, or as otherwise would not be reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and/or its subsidiaries owns or possesses, free and clear of all encumbrances, all legal rights to all intellectual property and industrial property rights and rights in confidential information, including all (i) patents, patent applications, invention disclosures, and all related continuations, continuations-in-part, divisional, reissues, re-examinations, substitutions and extensions thereof, (ii) trademarks, trademark rights, service marks, service mark rights, corporate names, trade names, trade name rights, domain names, logos, slogans, trade dress, design rights, and other similar designations of source or origin, together with the goodwill symbolized by and of the foregoing, (iii) trade secrets and all other confidential information, ideas, know-how, inventions, proprietary processes, formulae, models, and other methodologies, (iv) copyrights, (v) computer programs (whether in object code, subject code or other form), algorithms, databases, compilations and data, technology supporting the foregoing, and all related documentation, (vi) licenses to any of the foregoing, and (vii) all applications and registrations of the foregoing, and (viii) all other similar proprietary rights (collectively, “ Intellectual Property ”) used or held for use in, or necessary for the conduct of their businesses as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted, and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries (A) has received any communications alleging that either the Company or any of its subsidiaries has violated, infringed or misappropriated or, by conducting their businesses as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted, would violate, infringe or misappropriate any of the Intellectual Property of any other Person, (B) knows of any claim that the Company or any of its subsidiaries has violated, infringed or misappropriated, or, by conducting their businesses as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted, would violate, infringe or misappropriate any of the Intellectual Property of any other Person, and (C) knows of any material third-party infringement, misappropriation or violation of any Company or any Company subsidiary’s Intellectual Property. The Company has taken and takes reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of its Intellectual Property, including requiring all Persons with access thereto to enter into appropriate non-disclosure agreements. To the knowledge of the Company, there has not been any disclosure of any material trade secret of the Company or a Company subsidiary (including any such information of any other Person disclosed in confidence to the Company) to any other Person in a manner that has resulted or is likely to result in the loss of trade secret in and to such information. Except as Previously Disclosed, and except as would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect, there are no outstanding options, licenses or agreements, claims, encumbrances or shared ownership interests of any kind relating to the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ Intellectual Property, nor is the Company or its subsidiaries bound by or a party to any options, licenses or agreements of any kind with respect to the Intellectual Property of any other Person.  

 

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(b)       To the Company’s knowledge, none of the employees of the Company or its subsidiaries are obligated under any contract (including, without limitation, licenses, covenants or commitments of any nature or contracts entered into with prior employers), or subject to any judgment, decree or order of any court or administrative agency, that would interfere with the use of his or her best efforts to promote the interests of the Company or its subsidiaries or would conflict with their businesses as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted. Neither the execution nor delivery of the Transaction Agreements will conflict with or result in a breach of the terms, conditions or provisions of, or constitute a default under any contract, covenant or instrument under which the Company or its subsidiaries or any of the employees of the Company or its subsidiaries is now obligated, and neither the Company nor its subsidiaries will need to use any inventions that any of its employees, or Persons it currently intends to employ, have made prior to their employment with the Company or its subsidiaries, except for inventions that have been assigned or licensed to the Company or its subsidiaries as of the date hereof. Each current and former employee or contractor of the Company or its subsidiaries that has developed any Intellectual Property owned or purported to be owned by the Company or its subsidiaries has executed and delivered to the Company a valid and enforceable Invention Assignment and Confidentiality Agreement that (i) assigns to the Company or such subsidiaries all right, title and interest in and to any Intellectual Property rights arising from or developed or delivered to the Company or such subsidiaries in connection with such Person’s work for or on behalf of the Company or such subsidiaries, and (ii) provides reasonable protection for the trade secrets, know-how and other confidential information (1) of the Company or such subsidiaries and (2) of any third party that has disclosed same to the Company or such subsidiaries. To the knowledge of the Company, no current or former employee, officer, consultant or contractor is in default or breach of any term of any employment, consulting or contractor agreement, non-disclosure agreement, assignment agreement, or similar agreement. Except as Previously Disclosed, to the knowledge of the Company, no present or former employee, officer, consultant or contractor of the Company has any ownership, license or other right, title or interest, directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, in any Intellectual Property that is owned or purported to be owned, in whole or part, by the Company or its subsidiaries.

 

3.19.         Financial Statements . The consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries and the related notes thereto included in the SEC Documents (the “ Financial Statements ”) comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing and present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods therein specified subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments. Except as set forth in such Financial Statements (or the notes thereto), such Financial Statements (including the related notes) have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods therein specified (“ GAAP ”). Except as set forth in the Financial Statements, neither the Company nor its subsidiaries has any material liabilities other than liabilities and obligations that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and which would not be required to be reflected in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP.

 

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3.20.         Accountants . PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, which has expressed its opinion with respect to the consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, are registered independent public accountants as required by the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (and by the rules of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board).

 

3.21.         Internal Accounting Controls . The Company maintains a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company has disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 under the Exchange Act) that are effective and designed to ensure that (i) information required to be disclosed in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified by the SEC Rules, and (ii) such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company is otherwise in compliance in all material respects with all applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

3.22.         Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements . There is no transaction, arrangement or other relationship between the Company or its subsidiaries and an unconsolidated or other off-balance sheet entity that is required to be disclosed by the Company in its Exchange Act filings and is not so disclosed or that otherwise would be reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. There are no such transactions, arrangements or other relationships with the Company that may create contingencies or liabilities that are not otherwise disclosed by the Company in its Exchange Act filings.

 

3.23.         No Material Adverse Change; Solvency . (a) Except as set forth in the SEC Documents in each case, filed or made through and including the date hereof, since December 31, 2016:

 

(i)        there has not been any event, occurrence or development that, individually or in the aggregate, has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect,

 

(ii)        the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (1) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (2) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company's financial statements pursuant to GAAP or not required to be disclosed in filings made with the SEC,

 

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(iii)        the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock other than routine withholding in accordance with the Company’s existing stock-based plan,

 

(iv)       the Company has not altered its method of accounting or the identity of its auditors, except as Previously Disclosed,

 

(v)       the Company has not issued any equity securities except pursuant to the Company’s existing stock based plans or as otherwise Previously Disclosed; and

 

(vi)       there has not been any loss or damage (whether or not insured) to the physical property of the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

 

(b)       The Company is not as of the date hereof, and after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby to occur at the Closing, will not be Insolvent (as defined below). For purposes of this Section, “ Insolvent ” means, with respect to any Person, (i) the present fair saleable value of such Person’s assets is less than the amount required to pay such Person’s total indebtedness, (ii) such Person is unable to pay its debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and liabilities become absolute and matured, (iii) such Person intends to incur or believes that it will incur debts that would be beyond its ability to pay as such debts mature or (iv) such Person has unreasonably small capital with which to conduct the business in which it is engaged as such business is now conducted and is currently proposed to be conducted. Assuming the successful execution of the Company’s business plan as of the date hereof, not more than $100 million of capital funding is required to meet the Company’s estimated operating expenses and other planned working capital and capital expenditure requirements through December 31, 2018.

 

(c)       The Company has not incurred any obligation or liability (contingent or otherwise) under this Agreement, or any of the documents or instruments contemplated hereby, with actual intent to hinder, delay or defraud either present or future creditors of the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

 

3.24.         No Manipulation of Stock . Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, nor to the Company’s knowledge, any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or controlling Persons has taken and will not, in violation of applicable law, take, any action designed to or that might reasonably be expected to, directly or indirectly, cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Common Stock.

 

3.25.         Insurance . The Company and its subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and its subsidiaries are engaged. The Company and its subsidiaries will continue to maintain such insurance or substantially similar i nsurance, which covers the same risks at the same levels as the existing insurance with insurers which guarantee the same financial responsibility as the current insurers, and neither the Company nor any subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.

 

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3.26.         Properties . Except as Previously Disclosed, the Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all the properties and assets (both tangible and intangible) described as owned by them in the consolidated financial statements included in the SEC Documents, free and clear of all liens, mortgages, pledges, or encumbrances of any kind except (i) those, if any, reflected in such consolidated financial statements (including the notes thereto), or (ii) those that are not material in amount and do not adversely affect the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company or its subsidiaries. The Company and each of its subsidiaries hold their leased properties under valid and binding leases. The Company and each of its subsidiaries own or lease all such properties as are necessary to its operations as now conducted.

 

3.27.         Tax Matters . The Company and its subsidiaries have filed all Tax Returns, and these Tax Returns are true, correct, and complete in all material respects. The Company and each subsidiary (i) have paid all Taxes that are due from the Company or such subsidiary for the periods covered by the Tax Returns or (ii) have duly and fully provided reserves adequate to pay all Taxes in accordance with GAAP. No agreement as to indemnification for, contribution to, or payment of Taxes exists between the Company or any subsidiary, on the one hand, and any other Person, on the other, including pursuant to any Tax sharing agreement, lease agreement, purchase or sale agreement, partnership agreement or any other agreement not entered into in the ordinary course of business. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has any liability for Taxes of any Person (other than the Company or any of its subsidiaries) under Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-6 (or any similar provision of any state, local or foreign law), or as a transferee or successor, by contract or otherwise. Since the date of the Company's most recent Financial Statements, the Company has not incurred any liability for Taxes other than in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice. Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries has been advised (a) that any of its Tax Returns have been or are being audited as of the date hereof, or (b) of any deficiency in assessment or proposed judgment to its Taxes. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has knowledge of any Tax liability to be imposed upon its properties or assets as of the date of this Agreement that is not adequately provided for. The Company has not distributed stock of another corporation, or has had its stock distributed by another corporation, in a transaction that was governed, or purported or intended to be governed, in whole or in part, by Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code (i) in the two years prior to the date of this Agreement or (ii) in a distribution that could otherwise constitute part of a “plan” or “series of related transactions” (within the meaning of Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code) in conjunction with the purchase of the Shares and the Warrants. “ Tax ” or “ Taxes ” means any foreign, federal, state or local income, gross receipts, license, payroll, employment, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, premium, property, windfall, profits, environmental, customs, capital stock, franchise, employees’ income withholding, foreign or domestic withholding, social security, unemployment, disability, real property, personal property, sales, use, transfer, value added, alternative or add-on minimum or other similar tax, governmental fee, governmental assessment or governmental charge, including any interest, penalties or additions to Taxes or additional amounts with respect to the foregoing. “ Tax Returns ” means all returns, reports, or statements required to be filed with respect to any Tax (including any elections, notifications, declarations, schedules or attachments thereto, and any amendment thereof) including any information return, claim for refund, amended return or declaration of estimated Tax.

 

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3.28.         Investment Company Status . The Company is not, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares will not be, an “investment company,” an “affiliated person” of, “promoter” for or “principal underwriter” for, or an entity “controlled” by an “investment company,” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

3.29.         Transactions With Affiliates and Employees . Except as Previously Disclosed, none of the officers or directors of the Company or its subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or its subsidiaries is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors) required to be disclosed under Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act.

 

3.30.         Foreign Corrupt Practices . Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries or Affiliates, any director or officer, nor to the knowledge of the Company, any agent, employee or other Person acting on behalf of the Company or its subsidiaries has, in the course of its actions for, or on behalf of, the Company or any of its subsidiaries (a) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expenses relating to political activity, (b) made or promised to make any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official or employee (including any officer or employee of a government or government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any Person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or of any political party or part official or candidate for political office (each such Person, a “ Government Official ”)) from corporate funds, (c) violated or is in violation of any provision of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended or (d) made or promised to make any unlawful bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic Government Official.

 

3.31.         Money Laundering Laws . The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, and the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law on October 26, 2001)), applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “ Money Laundering Laws ”), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened.

 

3.32.         OFAC . Neither the Company, any director or officer, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any agent, employee, subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“ OFAC ”); and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person, for the purpose of financing the activities of any Person currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by OFAC.

 

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3.33.         Environmental Laws . The Company and its subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with any and all applicable foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (“ Environmental Laws ”), (ii) have received all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval, except where such noncompliance with Environmental Laws, failure to receive required permits, licenses or other approvals or failure to comply with the terms and conditions of such permits, licenses or approvals would not, singly or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. There are no costs or liabilities associated with Environmental Laws (including, without limitation, any capital or operating expenditures required for clean-up, closure of properties or compliance with Environmental Laws or any permit, license or approval, any related constraints on operating activities and any potential liabilities to third parties) which would, singly or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

 

3.34.         Employee Relations . Except as set forth in Section 3.34 of the Disclosure Letter or as otherwise Previously Disclosed, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party to any collective bargaining agreement or employs any member of a union. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is engaged in any unfair labor practice. There is (i) (x) no unfair labor practice complaint pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened against the Company or any of its subsidiaries before the National Labor Relations Board, and no grievance or arbitration proceeding arising out of or under collective bargaining agreements is pending or threatened, (y) no strike, labor dispute, slowdown or stoppage pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened against the Company or any of its subsidiaries and (z) no union representation dispute currently existing concerning the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, and (ii) to the Company’s knowledge, (x) no union organizing activities are currently taking place concerning the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries and (y) there has been no violation of any federal, state, local or foreign law relating to discrimination in the hiring, promotion or pay of employees or any applicable wage or hour laws. No executive officer of the Company (as defined in Rule 501(f) promulgated under the Securities Act) has notified the Company that such officer intends to leave the Company or otherwise terminate such officer’s employment with the Company. No executive officer of the Company, to the knowledge of the Company, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement, non-competition agreement, or any other agreement or any restrictive covenant, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters.

 

3.35.         ERISA . The Company and its subsidiaries are in compliance in all material respects with all presently applicable provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, including the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (herein called “ ERISA ”); no “reportable event” (as defined in ERISA) has occurred with respect to any “pension plan” (as defined in ERISA) for which the Company or any of its subsidiaries would have any liability; the Company has not incurred and does not expect to incur liability under (i) Title IV of ERISA with respect to termination of, or withdrawal from, any “pension plan”; or (ii) Sections 412 or 4971 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, including the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (the “ Code ”); and each “Pension Plan” for which the Company would have liability that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified in all material respects and nothing has occurred, whether by action or by failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification.

 

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3.36.         Obligations of Management . To the Company’s knowledge, each officer and key employee of the Company or its subsidiaries is currently devoting substantially all of his or her business time to the conduct of the business of the Company or its subsidiaries, respectively. The Company is not aware that any officer or key employee of the Company or its subsidiaries is planning to work less than full time at the Company or its subsidiaries, respectively, in the future. To the Company’s knowledge, no officer or key employee is currently working or plans to work for a competitive enterprise, whether or not such officer or key employee is or will be compensated by such enterprise. To the Company’s knowledge, no officer or Person currently nominated to become an officer of the Company or its subsidiaries is or has been subject to any judgment or order of, the subject of any pending civil or administrative action by the SEC or any self-regulatory organization .

 

3.37.         Integration; Other Issuances of Securities . Except as set forth in Section 3.37 of the Disclosure Letter, neither the Company nor its subsidiaries or any Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf, has issued any shares of Common Stock or shares of any series of preferred stock or other securities or instruments convertible into, exchangeable for or otherwise entitling the holder thereof to acquire shares of Common Stock which would be integrated with the sale or exchange of the Securities to the Purchaser for purposes of the Securities Act or of any applicable stockholder approval provisions, including, without limitation, under the rules and regulations of The NASDAQ Stock Market, nor will the Company or its subsidiaries or Affiliates take any action or steps that would require registration of any of the Securities under the Securities Act or cause the offering of the Securities to be integrated with other offerings if any such integration would cause the issuance of the Securities hereunder to fail to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act as provided in Section 3.10 above or cause the transactions contemplated hereby to contravene the rules and regulations of The NASDAQ Stock Market. The Company is eligible to register the Conversion Shares and the Warrant Shares for resale by the Purchaser using Form S-3 promulgated under the Securities Act.

 

3.38.         No General Solicitation . Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries or any Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf, has offered or sold any of the Securities by any form of general solicitation or general advertising.

 

3.39.         No Brokers’ Fees . Except as set forth in Section 3.39 of the Disclosure Letter, the Company has not incurred any liability for any finder’s or broker’s fee or agent’s commission in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

3.40.         Registration Rights . Except as set forth in (i) the Registration Rights Agreement, dated February 27, 2012, by and among the Company and the several purchasers signatory thereto; (ii) the Registration Rights Agreement, dated July 30, 2012, by and between the Company and Total Energies Nouvelles Activités USA, (iii) the Amended and Restated Letter Agreement dated May 8, 2014, by and among the Company and note holders party thereto; (iv) the Registration Rights Agreement, dated February 24, 2015, by and between the Company and Nomis Bay Ltd.; (v) the registration rights letter dated July 29, 2015, by and between the Company and the purchasers party thereto, (vi) the Registration Rights Agreement dated October 20, 2015 by and among the Company and the purchasers party thereto; (vii) the warrant to purchase stock issued to Nenter & Co., Inc. on November 16, 2016, (viii) the rights set forth in that certain Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of May 8, 2017 by and between the Company and the investors party thereto and (ix) the rights set forth in that certain Stockholder Agreement dated as of May 11, 2017 by and between the Company and the investor party thereto, the Company has not granted or agreed to grant to any Person any rights (including “piggy-back” registration rights) to have any securities of the Company registered with the SEC or any other governmental authority that have not been satisfied or waived.

 

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3.41.         Application of Takeover Protections . There is no control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s charter documents or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchaser as a result of the Purchaser and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Agreements, including, without limitation, as a result of the Company’s issuance of the Securities and the Purchaser’s ownership of the Securities.

 

3.42.         No Disqualification . No “bad actor” disqualifying event described in Rule 506(d)(1)(i)-(viii) of the Securities Act (a “ Disqualification Event ”) is applicable to the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any Company Covered Person, except for a Disqualification Event as to which Rule 506(d)(2)(ii–iv) or (d)(3), is applicable. As used herein, “ Company Covered Person ” means, with respect to the Company as an “issuer” for purposes of Rule 506 promulgated under the Securities Act, any Person listed in the first paragraph of Rule 506(d)(1).

 

3.43.         Disclosure . The Company understands and confirms that the Purchaser will rely on the foregoing representations in effecting transactions in the Securities. All disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchaser in connection with this Agreement regarding the Company, its business and the transactions contemplated hereby is true and correct in all material respects and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Purchaser has not made and does not make any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those set forth in Article 4 hereto.

 

ARTICLE 4
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE PURCHASER

 

The Purchaser, as to itself only, represents, warrants and covenants to the Company with respect to this purchase as follows:

 

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4.1.             Organization . The Purchaser is duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization.

 

4.2.             Power . The Purchaser has all requisite power to execute and deliver this Agreement and to carry out and perform its obligations under the terms of this Agreement.

 

4.3.             Authorization . The execution, delivery, and performance of this Agreement by the Purchaser has been duly authorized by all requisite action, and this Agreement constitutes the legal, valid, and binding obligation of the Purchaser enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as limited by the Enforceability Exceptions.

 

4.4.             Consents and Approvals . The Purchaser need not give any notice to, make any filing with, or obtain any authorization, consent, or approval of any government or governmental agency in order to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

 

4.5.             Non-Contravention . Neither the execution and the delivery of this Agreement, nor the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, will violate in any material respect any constitution, statute, regulation, rule, injunction, judgment, order, decree, ruling, charge, or other restriction of any government, governmental agency, or court to which the Purchaser is subject. No approval, waiver, or consent by the Purchaser under any instrument, contract, or agreement to which the Purchaser or any of its Affiliates is a party is necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

4.6.             Purchase for Investment Only . The Purchaser is purchasing the Securities for the Purchaser’s own account for investment purposes only and not with a view to, or for resale in connection with, any “distribution” in violation of the Securities Act. By executing this Agreement, the Purchaser further represents that it does not have any contract, undertaking, agreement, or arrangement with any Person to sell, transfer, or grant participation to such Person or to any third Person, with respect to any of the Securities. The Purchaser understands that the Securities have not been registered under the Securities Act or any applicable state securities laws by reason of a specific exemption therefrom that depends upon, among other things, the bona fide nature of the investment intent as expressed herein.

 

4.7.             Disclosure of Information . The Purchaser has had an opportunity to review the Company’s filings under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act (including risks factors set forth therein) and the Purchaser represents that it has had an opportunity to ask questions and receive answers from the Company to evaluate the financial risk inherent in making an investment in the Securities. The Purchaser has not been offered the opportunity to purchase the Securities by means of any general solicitation or general advertising.

 

4.8.             Risk of Investment . The Purchaser realizes that the purchase of the Securities will be a highly speculative investment and the Purchaser may suffer a complete loss of its investment. The Purchaser understands all of the risks related to the purchase of the Securities. By virtue of the Purchaser’s experience in evaluating and investing in private placement transactions of securities in companies similar to the Company, the Purchaser is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the Purchaser’s investment in the Company and has the capacity to protect the Purchaser’s own interests.

 

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4.9.             Advisors . The Purchaser has reviewed with its own tax advisors the federal, state, and local tax consequences of this investment and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. The Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Agreements and the transactions contemplated thereby with the Purchaser’s own legal counsel.

 

4.10.         Finder . The Purchaser is not obligated and will not be obligated to pay any broker commission, finders’ fee, success fee, or commission in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

 

4.11.         Restricted Shares . The Purchaser understands that the Securities must be held indefinitely unless subsequently registered under the Securities Act or unless an exemption from registration is otherwise available. Moreover, the Purchaser understands that except as set forth herein the Company is under no obligation to register the Shares. The Purchaser is aware of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act (“ SEC Rule 144 ”) that permits limited resales of securities purchased in a private placement subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions.

 

4.12.         Investor Qualification . The Purchaser is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D under the Securities Act. The Purchaser acknowledges that it has completed the Purchaser Suitability Questionnaire. The Purchaser has truthfully set forth in the Purchaser Suitability Questionnaire the factual basis or reason for qualification as an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D under the Securities Act and such information remains true and correct as of the date hereof. The Purchaser agrees to furnish any additional information that the Company deems reasonably necessary in order to verify the answers set forth in the Purchaser Suitability Questionnaire.

 

4.13.         Disqualification . The Purchaser represents that neither the Purchaser, nor any person or entity with whom the Purchaser shares beneficial ownership of the Company securities, is subject to any Disqualification Event (as defined in Rule 506(d)(1)(i) through (viii) under the Securities Act), except for Disqualification Events covered by Rule 506(d)(2)(ii) or (iii) or (d)(3) under the Securities Act and disclosed reasonably in advance of the Closing in writing in reasonable detail to the Company.

 

ARTICLE 5
CONDITIONS TO COMPANY’S OBLIGATIONS AT THE CLOSING

 

The Company’s obligation to complete the sale and issuance of the Shares and deliver the Shares to the Purchaser at the Closing shall be subject to the following conditions to the extent not waived by the Company:

 

(a)         Receipt of Payment . The Company shall have received payment by wire transfer of immediately available funds in the full amount of the Total Purchase Price for the number of Shares being purchased by the Purchaser at the Closing.

 

(b)         Representations and Warranties . The representations and warranties made by the Purchaser in Article 4 hereof shall be true and correct in all respects as of, and as if made on, the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing.

 

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(c)         Receipt of Executed Documents . The Purchaser shall have duly executed and delivered to the Company the Purchaser Suitability Questionnaire.

 

ARTICLE 6
CONDITIONS TO PURCHASER’S OBLIGATIONS AT THE CLOSING

 

The Purchaser’s obligation to accept delivery of the Shares and to pay for the Shares shall be subject to the following conditions to the extent not waived by the Purchaser:

 

(a)         Representations and Warranties . The representations and warranties made by the Company in Article 3 hereof shall be true and correct in all respects as of, and as if made on, the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing.

 

(b)         Certificate . The Purchaser shall have received a certificate signed by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to the effect that the representations and warranties of the Company in Article 3 hereof are true and correct in all respects as of, and as if made on, the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing.

 

(c)         Good Standing . The Company is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of Delaware as evidenced by a certificate of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, a copy of which was provided to the Purchaser.

 

(d)        Secretary’s Certificate . A certificate, executed by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and dated as of the Closing Date, as to (A) the resolutions approving the issuance of the Securities as adopted by an Independent Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “ Board of Directors ”) and/or the Board of Directors in a form reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser, (B) the certificate of incorporation, and (C) the bylaws, each as in effect as of the Closing Date.

 

(e)        Board Approval . The terms and conditions of the issuance of the Securities and the Transaction Agreements shall have been approved by an Independent Committee of the Board of Directors and/or a majority of the disinterested directors of the Board of Directors, as applicable.

 

(f)        Approvals . The Company shall have obtained all governmental, regulatory or third party consents and approvals, if any, necessary for the sale of the Securities, including, without limitation, from The NASDAQ Stock Market, other than with respect to obtaining the Stockholder Approval.

 

(g)        Warrants . The Company shall have issued to the Purchaser at the Closing the Warrants.

 

ARTICLE 7
OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES

 

7.1.             Removal of Legends .

 

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(a)                 The Securities may only be disposed of in compliance with state and federal securities laws. In connection with any transfer of Securities other than pursuant to an effective registration statement or Rule 144, to the Company or to an Affiliate of the Purchaser or in connection with a pledge as contemplated in Section 7.1(b) , the Company may require the transferor thereof to provide to the Company an opinion of counsel selected by the transferor and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such transfer does not require registration of such transferred Securities under the Securities Act.

(b)                The Purchaser agrees to the imprinting, so long as is required by this Section 7.1 , of a legend on any of the Securities in the substantially following form:

 

NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAS BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT WITH A REGISTERED BROKER-DEALER OR OTHER LOAN WITH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION THAT IS AN “ACCREDITED INVESTOR” AS DEFINED IN RULE 501(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.

 

The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Purchaser may from time to time pledge pursuant to a bona fide margin agreement with a registered broker-dealer or grant a security interest in some or all of the Securities to a financial institution that is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act and, if required under the terms of such arrangement, the Purchaser may transfer pledged or secured Securities to the pledgees or secured parties. Such a pledge or transfer would not be subject to approval of the Company and no legal opinion of legal counsel of the pledgee, secured party or pledgor shall be required in connection therewith. Further, no notice shall be required of such pledge. At the Purchaser’s expense, the Company will execute and deliver such reasonable documentation as a pledgee or secured party of Securities may reasonably request in connection with a pledge or transfer of the Securities.

 

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(c)                 Certificates evidencing the Securities shall not contain any legend (including the legend set forth in Section 7.1(b) hereof): (i) while a registration statement covering the resale of such security is effective under the Securities Act, (ii) following any sale of such Securities pursuant to Rule 144, (iii) if such Securities are eligible for sale under Rule 144, or (iv) if such legend is not required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the SEC). The Company shall cause its counsel to issue a legal opinion to the Company’s Transfer Agent, Wells Fargo Shareholder Services, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 1110 Centre Point Curve, Suite 101, Mendota Heights, MN 55120 and a telephone number of (855) 217-6361, and any successor transfer agent of the Company (the “ Transfer Agent ”), promptly if required by the Transfer Agent to effect the removal of the legend hereunder. If all or any Shares or portion of a Warrant is converted or exercised, as applicable, at a time when there is an effective registration statement to cover the resale of the applicable Underlying Shares (as defined below), or if such Underlying Shares may be sold under Rule 144 or if such legend is not otherwise required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the SEC) then such Underlying Shares shall be issued free of all legends. The Company agrees that following such time as such legend is no longer required under this Section 7.1(c) and upon the request of the Purchaser, the Company will, no later than the earlier of (i) three Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined below) following the delivery by a Purchaser to the Company or the Transfer Agent of a certificate representing Underlying Shares, as applicable, issued with a restrictive legend (such third Trading Day, the “ Legend Removal Date ”), deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser a certificate representing such shares that is free from all restrictive and other legends. The Company may not make any notation on its records or give instructions to the Transfer Agent that enlarge the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Article 7 . Certificates for Underlying Shares subject to legend removal hereunder shall be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Purchaser by crediting the account of the Purchaser’s prime broker with the Depository Trust Company System as directed by the Purchaser. As used herein, “ Standard Settlement Period ” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery by the Purchaser to the Company or the Transfer Agent of a certificate representing Underlying Shares issued with a restrictive legend. As used herein, (A) “ Underlying Shares ” means the shares of Common Stock issued and issuable upon conversion of the Shares and upon exercise of the Warrants and issued and issuable in lieu of the cash payment of dividends on the Shares or the Make-Whole Payment, in each case, in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Designation, (B) “ Trading Day ” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading, (C) “ Trading Market ” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE MKT, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange, OTCQB or OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing); (D) “ VWAP ” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b)  if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchaser and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company; and (E) “ Stated Value ” means $1,000 per share of the Company’s 17.38% Series B Convertible Preferred Stock.

 

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(d)                In addition to the Purchaser’s other available remedies, the Company shall pay to the Purchaser, in cash, (i) as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Underlying Shares (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date such Securities are submitted to the Transfer Agent) delivered for removal of the restrictive legend and subject to Section 7.1(c) , $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day five (5) Trading Days after such damages have begun to accrue) for each Trading Day commencing one Trading Day after the Legend Removal Date until such certificate is delivered without a legend and (ii) if the Company fails to (a) issue and deliver (or cause to be delivered) to the Purchaser by the Legend Removal Date a certificate representing the Securities so delivered to the Company by the Purchaser that is free from all restrictive and other legends and (b) if after the Legend Removal Date the Purchaser purchases (in an open market transaction or otherwise) shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Purchaser of all or any portion of the number of shares of Common Stock, or a sale of a number of shares of Common Stock equal to all or any portion of the number of shares of Common Stock, that the Purchaser anticipated receiving from the Company without any restrictive legend, then an amount equal to the excess of the Purchaser’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions and other out-of-pocket expenses, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased (including brokerage commissions and other out-of-pocket expenses, if any) (the “ Buy-In Price ”) over the product of (A) such number of Underlying Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Purchaser by the Legend Removal Date multiplied by (B) the lowest closing sale price of the Common Stock on any Trading Day during the period commencing on the date of the delivery by the Purchaser to the Company of the applicable Underlying Shares (as the case may be) and ending on the date of such delivery and payment under this Section 7.1(d) .

 

7.2.             Furnishing of Information .

 

(a)                 Until the earliest of the time that (i) the Purchaser does not own any Securities or (ii) the Warrants have expired, the Company covenants to use commercially reasonable efforts to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.

 

(b)                At any time during the period commencing from the six (6) month anniversary of the date hereof and ending at such time that all of the Underlying Shares (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants) may be sold without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with Rule 144(c)(1) and otherwise without restriction or limitation pursuant to Rule 144, if the Company (i) shall fail for any reason to satisfy the current public information requirement under Rule 144(c) or (ii) has ever been an issuer described in Rule 144(i)(1)(i) or becomes an issuer in the future, and the Company shall fail to satisfy any condition set forth in Rule 144(i)(2) (a “ Public Information Failure ”) then, in addition to the Purchaser’s other available remedies, the Company shall pay to the Purchaser, in cash, as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, by reason of any such delay in or reduction of its ability to sell the Underlying Shares, an amount in cash equal to two percent (2.0%) of the aggregate Stated Value of the Shares held by the Purchaser and Exercise Price of the Purchaser’s Warrants on the day of a Public Information Failure and on every thirtieth (30 th ) day (pro rated for periods totaling less than thirty days) thereafter until the earlier of (a) the date such Public Information Failure is cured and (b) such time that such public information is no longer required  pursuant to Rule 144.  The payments to which the Purchaser shall be entitled pursuant to this Section 7.2(b) are referred to herein as “ Public Information Failure Payments .”  Public Information Failure Payments shall be paid on the earlier of (i) the last day of the calendar month during which such Public Information Failure Payments are incurred and (ii) the third (3 rd ) Business Day after the event or failure giving rise to the Public Information Failure Payments is cured.  In the event the Company fails to make Public Information Failure Payments in a timely manner, such Public Information Failure Payments shall bear interest at the rate of 1.5% per month (prorated for partial months) until paid in full. Nothing herein shall limit the Purchaser’s right to pursue actual damages for the Public Information Failure, and the Purchaser shall have the right to pursue all remedies available to it at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief.

 

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7.3.             Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity . Promptly after the Closing Date, the Company shall issue a press release (the “ Press Release ”) reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser disclosing all material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby. On or before 5:30 p.m., New York City time, on the fourth trading day immediately following the execution of this Agreement, the Company will file a Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC describing the terms of the Transaction Agreements (the “ 8-K Filing ”). From and after the filing of the Press Release, the Company shall have disclosed all material, non-public information (if any) provided to any of the Purchaser by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. In addition, effective upon the filing of the Press Release, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under any agreement, whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, affiliates, employees or agents, on the one hand, and the Purchaser or any of its affiliates, on the other hand, shall terminate. The Company shall not, and the Company shall cause each of its Subsidiaries and each of its and their respective officers, directors, employees and agents not to, provide any Purchaser (other than any Purchaser who has a designee, representative or affiliate who serves on the Board of Directors) with any material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of its Subsidiaries from and after the date hereof without the express prior written consent of the Purchaser (which may be granted or withheld in the Purchaser’s sole discretion). To the extent that the Company delivers any material, non-public information to a Purchaser without the Purchaser's consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that the Purchaser shall not have any duty of confidentiality with respect to, or a duty not to trade on the basis of, such material, non-public information. Subject to the foregoing, neither the Company, its Subsidiaries nor any Purchaser shall issue any press releases or any other public statements with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby; provided, however, the Company shall be entitled, without the prior approval of the Purchaser, to make the Press Release and any press release or other public disclosure with respect to such transactions (i) in substantial conformity with the 8-K Filing and contemporaneously therewith and (ii) as is required by applicable law and regulations (provided that in the case of clause (i) the Purchaser shall be consulted by the Company in connection with any such press release or other public disclosure prior to its release). Without the prior written consent of the Purchaser (which may be granted or withheld in the Purchaser’s sole discretion), the Company shall not (and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries and affiliates to not) disclose the name of the Purchaser in any filing (except as required by law or upon the reasonable advice of counsel), announcement, release or otherwise. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary and without implication that the contrary would otherwise be true, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that the Purchaser shall not have (unless expressly agreed to by the Purchaser after the date hereof in a written definitive and binding agreement executed by the Company and the Purchaser), any duty of confidentiality with respect to, or a duty not to trade on the basis of, any material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

 

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7.4.             Subsequent Equity Sales . The Company shall not, and shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that no Affiliate of the Company shall, sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that will be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities in a manner that would require the registration under the Securities Act of the sale of the Securities to the Investors, or that will be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules and regulations of any trading market such that it would require stockholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless stockholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.

 

7.5.             Shareholder Rights Plan . No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that the Purchaser is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that the Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities under the Transaction Agreements or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchaser.

 

7.6.             Indemnification of Purchaser . Subject to the provisions of this Section 7.6 , the Company will indemnify and hold the Purchaser and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls the Purchaser (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “ Purchaser Party ”) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Agreements or (b) any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by any stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Agreements (unless such action is based upon a breach of the Purchaser’s representations, warranties or covenants under the Transaction Agreements or any agreements or understandings such Purchaser Party may have with any such stockholder or any violations by such Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by such Purchaser Party which constitutes fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct). If any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel, a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (y) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (z) to the extent, but only to the extent, that a loss, claim, damage or liability is attributable to the Purchaser’s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Purchaser in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Agreements. The indemnification required by this Section 7.6 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received or are incurred. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any cause of action or similar right of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject to pursuant to law.

 

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7.7.             Reservation of Common Stock . Following the date Stockholder Approval is obtained and deemed effective, the Company will immediately reserve and continue to reserve and keep available at all times, free of preemptive or similar rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock equal to, as of any date, the maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock then issued or potentially issuable in the future pursuant to the Transaction Agreements, including, without limitation, any Underlying Shares issuable upon exercise in full of all Warrants or conversion in full of all shares of Preferred Stock, ignoring any conversion or exercise limits set forth therein, and that any previously unconverted shares of Preferred Stock are held until the fifth anniversary of the Closing Date.

 

7.8.             Listing of Common Stock . The Company hereby agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common Stock on the Trading Market on which it is currently listed, and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall apply to list or quote all of the Underlying Shares on such Trading Market and promptly secure the listing of all of the Underlying Shares on such Trading Market. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies to have the Common Stock traded on any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application all of the Underlying Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Underlying Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly as possible. The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Common Stock on a Trading Market and will comply in all respects with the Company’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market. The Company agrees to maintain the eligibility of the Common Stock for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.

 

7.9.             Stockholder Approval .

 

(a)                 Stockholders Meeting . The Company shall establish a record date for, and shall call, give notice of, convene and hold, a special meeting of stockholders of the Company (the “ Stockholder Meeting ”), as promptly as practicable following the date hereof and in no event later than July 10, 2017 for the purpose of voting upon the approval of resolutions (the “ Stockholder Resolutions ”) with respect to the matters contemplated by the Stockholder Approval (the date such approval is obtained, the “ Stockholder Approval Date ”), provided , however , nothing herein shall prevent the Company from postponing or adjourning the Stockholder Meeting if (i) there are insufficient shares of the Common Stock present or represented by a proxy at the Stockholder Meeting to conduct business at the Stockholder Meeting, (ii) the Company is required to postpone or adjourn the Stockholder Meeting by applicable law or a request from the SEC or its staff, or (iii) the Company determines in good faith (after consultation with outside legal counsel) that it is necessary or appropriate to postpone or adjourn the Stockholder Meeting in order to give the stockholders of the Company sufficient time to evaluate any information or disclosure that the Company has sent to the stockholders or otherwise made available to the stockholders by issuing a press release, filing materials with the SEC or otherwise. The Company shall solicit from the stockholders of the Company proxies in favor of the Stockholder Resolutions in accordance with applicable law, and shall submit the Stockholder Resolutions for a vote of the Company’s stockholders at the Stockholder Meeting. The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to secure the Stockholder Approval at the Stockholder Meeting. As used herein, “ Stockholder Approval ” means such approval as may be required by the applicable rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market (or any successor entity) from the stockholders of the Company with respect to (i) the capital reverse stock split of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock and (ii) the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Agreements, including the authorization and issuance of all of the Underlying Shares.

 

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(b)                Company Board Recommendation . Subject to the terms of this Section 7.9(b) , the Board of Directors shall recommend that the Company’s stockholders approve the Stockholder Resolutions in accordance with the applicable law (the “ Company Board Recommendation ”). Neither the Board of Directors nor any committee thereof shall fail to make, withhold, withdraw, amend or modify in a manner adverse to the Holders or Investors the Company Board Recommendation, unless the Board of Directors determines in good faith (after consultation with outside legal counsel) that the failure to make such public statement would be a breach of its fiduciary duties to the Company’s stockholders under applicable law (a “ Company Board Recommendation Change ”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, at any time prior to the receipt of the Stockholder Approval, the Board of Directors may effect a Company Board Recommendation Change if, as a result of an Intervening Event, the Board of Directors determines in good faith (after consultation with outside legal counsel) that the failure to effect a Company Board Recommendation Change would be a breach of its fiduciary duties to the Company’s stockholders under applicable law; provided that prior to effecting such Company Board Recommendation Change, the Board of Directors shall give the Purchaser at least four Business Days advance notice thereof (the “ Notice Period ”). For the purposes of this Section 7.9(b) , an “ Intervening Event ” means any material event or development or material change in circumstances with respect to the Company that (i) was unknown by the Board of Directors as of, or prior to, the date hereof, or (ii) if known, the magnitude and consequences of which were not known or foreseeable by the Board of Directors as of the date hereof.

 

(c)                 [Reserved] .

 

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(d)                If the Company does not obtain Stockholder Approval at the first meeting, the Company shall call a meeting every four months thereafter to seek Stockholder Approval until the earlier of the date Stockholder Approval is obtained or the Shares and Warrants are no longer outstanding.

 

7.10.         Form D; Blue Sky Filings . The Company agrees to timely file a Form D with respect to the Securities as required under Regulation D and to provide a copy thereof, promptly upon request of the Purchaser. The Company shall take such action as the Company shall reasonably determine is necessary in order to obtain an exemption for, or to qualify the Securities for, sale to the Purchaser at the Closing under applicable securities or “Blue Sky” laws of the states of the United States, and shall provide evidence of such actions promptly upon request of any Purchaser.

 

7.11.         Registration Statement . As soon as practicable (and in any event within 30 calendar days of the date the Company obtains the Stockholder Approval), the Company shall file a registration statement on Form S-3 (or other appropriate form if the Company is not then S-3 eligible) providing for the resale by the Purchaser of the Underlying Shares.  The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration to become effective within 181 days following the Closing Date and commercially reasonable efforts to keep such registration statement effective at all times until (i) the Purchaser does not own any Securities or (ii) the Underlying Shares are eligible for resale under Rule 144 without regard to volume limitations.

 

 

ARTICLE 8
MISCELLANEOUS

 

8.1.             Survival . The representations, warranties and covenants contained herein shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the sale of the Securities.

 

8.2.             Assignment; Successors and Assigns . This Agreement may not be assigned by either party without the prior written consent of the other party; provided , that this Agreement may be assigned by the Purchaser to the valid transferee of any security purchased hereunder if such security remains a “restricted security” under the Securities Act. This Agreement and all provisions thereof shall be binding upon, inure to the benefit of, and are enforceable by the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns.

 

8.3.             Notices . All notices, requests, and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and will be deemed to have been duly given and received (a) when personally delivered, (b) when sent by facsimile upon confirmation of receipt, (c) one Business Day after the day on which the same has been delivered prepaid to a nationally recognized courier service, or (d) five Business Days after the deposit in the United States mail, registered or certified, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, in each case addressed to, as to the Company, Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis Street, Suite 100, Emeryville, CA 94608, Attn: General Counsel, facsimile number: (510) 740-7416, with a copy to Fenwick & West LLP, 801 California Street, Mountain View, CA 94041, Attn: David Michaels, Esq., facsimile number: (650) 938-5200, and as to the Purchaser at the address and facsimile number set forth below the Purchaser’s signature on the signature pages of this Agreement. Any party hereto from time to time may change its address, facsimile number, or other information for the purpose of notices to that party by giving notice specifying such change to the other parties hereto. The Purchaser and the Company may each agree in writing to accept notices and other communications to it hereunder by electronic communications pursuant to procedures reasonably approved by it; provided that approval of such procedures may be limited to particular notices or communications.

 

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8.4.             Governing Law . All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Agreements shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal actions, claims, suits, investigations or proceedings (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened (each, a “ Proceeding ”) concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Agreements (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Agreements), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If any party shall commence a Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Agreements, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Section 7.6 , the prevailing party in such Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such Proceeding.

 

8.5.             Confidentiality . The Company and the Purchaser agree to use, and to use its reasonable best efforts to ensure that its authorized representatives use the same degree of care as such party uses to protect its own confidential information (but in no event less than reasonable care) to keep confidential the information provided to it pursuant to this Agreement, and any other information furnished to it which the disclosing party identifies as being confidential or proprietary (so long as such information is not in the public domain) or, under the circumstances surrounding disclosure, such party knows or has reason to know should be treated as confidential (“ Confidential Information ”), unless otherwise required by law (provided that a party shall, to the extent permitted by law, promptly notify the other party of any required disclosure and take reasonable steps to minimize the extent of any such required disclosure); provided, however, that Confidential Information shall not include information, that (i) was in the public domain prior to the time it was furnished to such recipient, (ii) is at the time of the alleged breach (through no willful or improper action or inaction by such recipient) generally available to the public, (iii) was rightfully disclosed to such recipient by a third party without restriction or (iv) as of the time of the alleged breach, had been independently developed (as evidenced by written records) without any use of Confidential Information.

 

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8.6.             Severability . In the event that any provision of this Agreement or the application of any provision hereof is declared to be illegal, invalid, or otherwise unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected except to the extent necessary to delete such illegal, invalid, or unenforceable provision unless that provision held invalid shall substantially impair the benefits of the remaining portions of this Agreement.

 

8.7.             Headings . The headings in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not constitute a part of this Agreement, nor shall they affect its meaning, construction, or effect.

 

8.8.             Entire Agreement . This Agreement embodies the entire understanding and agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings relating to the subject matter hereof.

 

8.9.             Finder’s Fee . The Company agrees that it shall be responsible for the payment of any placement agent’s fees, financial advisory fees, or brokers’ commissions (other than for Persons engaged by Purchaser) relating to or arising out of the transactions contemplated hereby. The Company shall pay, and hold the Purchaser harmless against, any liability, loss or expense (including, without limitation, attorney’s fees and out-of-pocket expenses) arising in connection with any claim for any such fees or commissions.

 

8.10.         Expenses . Each party will bear its own costs and expenses in connection with this Agreement.

 

8.11.         Further Assurances . The parties agree to execute and deliver all such further documents, agreements and instruments and take such other and further action as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes and intent of this Agreement.

 

8.12.         Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which, when taken together, shall constitute but one instrument, and shall become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each party hereto and delivered to the other party. Facsimile signatures shall be deemed originals for all purposes hereunder.

 

[Signature pages follows]

 

 

 

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This Securities Purchase Agreement is hereby confirmed and accepted by the Company as of May 31, 2017.

 

 

 

    AMYRIS, INC.
     
    By:  /s/ John Melo
    Name:  John Melo
    Title: President and CEO
     
     
    PURCHASER:
     
    By:  /s/ John E. Abdo
      (signature)
       
      John E. Abdo as Trustee under Trust Agreement dated 03/15/76 for the benefit of John E. Abdo

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit A

 

Form of Cash Warrant

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXHIBIT A

 

 

NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES FOR WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES

 

COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT

 

AMYRIS, INC.

 

Warrant Shares: 13,570,958   Issue Date: May 31, 2017

 

THIS COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT (the “ Warrant ”) certifies that, for value received, John E. Abdo, As Trustee Under Trust Agreement Dated March 15, 1976 For The Benefit Of John E. Abdo or its assigns (the “ Holder ”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the date that Stockholder Approval (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) is obtained and deemed effective (the “ Initial Exercise Date ”) and on or prior to the close of business on the five (5) year anniversary of the Initial Exercise Date (the “ Termination Date ”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Amyris, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), up to 13,570,958 shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “ Warrant Shares ”) of Common Stock. The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).

 

Section 1 . Definitions . Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in that certain Securities Purchase Agreement (the “ Purchase Agreement ”), dated May 31, 2017, among the Company and the Holder.

 

Section 2 . Exercise .

 

 

 

 

a)                   Exercise of Warrant . Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed facsimile copy or PDF copy submitted by electronic (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (“ Notice of Exercise ”). Within the earlier of (i) three (3) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise form be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Business Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.

 

b)                   Exercise Price . The exercise price per share of the Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $0.52 as to one half of the Warrant Shares and $0.62 as to the remaining half of the Warrant Shares (the Holder shall be entitled to designate at which price each such exercise is being made), subject to adjustment hereunder (the “ Exercise Price ”).

 

c)                   Cashless Exercise . This Warrant may be exercised, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date at the election of the Holder (in such Holder’s sole discretion) by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing ((A-B) * (X)) by (A), where:

 

(A) = as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b)(64) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder’s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 1(a) hereof after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day;

 

 

 

 

(B) = the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and

 

(X) = the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.

 

If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the characteristics of the Warrants being exercised, and the holding period of the Warrant Shares being issued may be tacked on to the holding period of this Warrant.  The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c).

 

Bid Price ” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b)  if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchaser and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

VWAP ” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b)  if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchaser and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

 

 

 

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, on the Termination Date, this Warrant shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant to this Section 2(c).

 

d) Mechanics of Exercise .

 

i.             Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise . Warrant Shares purchased hereunder shall be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“ DWAC ”) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder or (B) the Warrant Shares are eligible for resale by the Holder without volume or manner-of-sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earlier of (i) the earlier of (A) three (3) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise and (B) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “ Warrant Share Delivery Date ”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) three Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day commencing one Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “ Standard Settlement Period ” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.

 

 

 

 

ii.                      Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise . If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.

 

iii.                   Rescission Rights . If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.

 

iv.                   Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise . In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “ Buy-In ”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

 

 

 

v.                   No Fractional Shares or Scrip . No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.

 

vi.                   Charges, Taxes and Expenses . Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided , however , that in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

 

vii.                   Closing of Books . The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

 

 

 

e)        Holder’s Exercise Limitations . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “ Attribution Parties ”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below).  For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents (as defined below)) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties.  Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding.  Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within two Trading Days confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding.  In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the

 

 

 

 

Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “ Beneficial Ownership Limitation ” shall be 4.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61 st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant. “ Common Stock Equivalents ” means any securities of the Company or its subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.

 

Section 3 . Certain Adjustments .

 

a)       Stock Dividends and Splits . If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.

 

 

 

 

b)       Subsequent Equity Sales . If the Company or any Subsidiary thereof, as applicable, during the period ending three (3) years from the Issue Date, and while this Warrant is outstanding, shall sell or grant any option to purchase, or sell or grant any right to reprice, or otherwise dispose of or issue (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, at an effective price per share less than the Exercise Price then in effect (such lower price, the “ Base Share Price ” and such issuance, a “ Dilutive Issuance ”) (it being understood and agreed that if the holder of the Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents so issued shall at any time, whether by operation of purchase price adjustments, reset provisions, floating conversion, exercise or exchange prices or otherwise, or due to warrants, options or rights per share which are issued in connection with such issuance, be entitled to receive shares of Common Stock at an effective price per share that is less than the Exercise Price, such issuance shall be deemed to have occurred for less than the Exercise Price on such date of the Dilutive Issuance at such effective price) then the Exercise Price shall be reduced and only reduced to the Base Share Price. Such adjustment shall be made whenever such Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents are issued. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no adjustments shall be made, paid or issued under this Section 3(b) in respect of an Exempt Issuance (as defined below). The Company shall notify the Holder, in writing, no later than the Trading Day following the issuance or deemed issuance of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents subject to this Section 3(b), indicating therein the applicable issuance price, or applicable reset price, exchange price, conversion price and other pricing terms (such notice, the “ Dilutive Issuance Notice ”). For purposes of clarification, whether or not the Company provides a Dilutive Issuance Notice pursuant to this Section 3(b), upon the occurrence of any Dilutive Issuance, the Holder is entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares based upon the Base Share Price regardless of whether the Holder accurately refers to the Base Share Price in the Notice of Exercise. “ Exempt Issuance ” means the issuance of (a) shares of Common Stock or options to employees, officers or directors of the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan or employee stock purchase plan duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company, (b) securities upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued under the Purchase Agreement and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding, or committed for issuance, or as to which a dilution adjustment may be triggered, or the payment of interest or principal in shares of Common Stock on securities which so provide, outstanding on the date hereof, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date hereof to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection with stock splits or combinations or adjustments pursuant to anti-dilution provisions existing on the date hereof) or to extend the term of such securities, (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equityholders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities, and (d) any securities issued to DSM International B.V. in accordance with its rights under the Stockholder Agreement with the Company dated May 11, 2017, as amended.

 

 

 

 

c)       Subsequent Rights Offerings . In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time subsequent to the Original Issue Date but prior to the date the Corporation obtains the Stockholder Approval the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “ Purchase Rights ”), then each Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

 

d)      Pro Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction, but excluding any dividend that results in adjustment to the Conversion Price pursuant to Section 3(a) above) (a “ Distribution ”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution ( provided , however , to the extent that the Holder's right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

 

 

 

 

e)       Fundamental Transaction . If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination) (each a “ Fundamental Transaction ”), then, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction (as if the exercise of the Warrant occurred immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction), at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of common stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or shares of Common Stock of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “ Alternate Consideration ”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction.

 

 

 

 

f)        Calculations . All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.

 

g)       Notice to Holder .

 

i.       Adjustment to Exercise Price . Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall within two (2) Trading Days deliver to the Holder by facsimile or email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.

 

ii.       Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder . If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by facsimile or email to the Holder at its last facsimile number or email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

 

 

 

 

Section 4 . Transfer of Warrant .

 

a)       Transferability . Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws and the conditions set forth in Section 4(d) hereof and to the provisions of Section 4.1 of the Purchase Agreement, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.

 

b)       New Warrants . This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the original issue date and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.

 

c)       Warrant Register . The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “ Warrant Register ”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

 

 

 

 

d)      Transfer Restrictions. If, at the time of the surrender of this Warrant in connection with any transfer of this Warrant, the transfer of this Warrant shall not be either (i) registered pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and under applicable state securities or blue sky laws or (ii) eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions or current public information requirements pursuant to Rule 144, the Company may require, as a condition of allowing such transfer, that the Holder or transferee of this Warrant, as the case may be, comply with the provisions of Section 5.7 of the Purchase Agreement.

 

e)       Representation by the Holder . The Holder, by the acceptance hereof, represents and warrants that it is acquiring this Warrant and, upon any exercise hereof, will acquire the Warrant Shares issuable upon such exercise, for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Warrant Shares or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act.

 

Section 5 . Miscellaneous .

 

a)       No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise . This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3.

 

b)       Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant . The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.

 

c)       Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc . If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then, such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

 

d)      Authorized Shares .

 

During the period the Warrant is outstanding from and after the Initial Exercise Date, the Company covenants that it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).

 

 

 

 

Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.

 

Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.

 

e)       Jurisdiction . All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of the Purchase Agreement.

 

f)        Restrictions . The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.

 

 

 

 

g)       Nonwaiver and Expenses . No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies, notwithstanding the fact that all rights hereunder terminate on the Termination Date. If the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

 

h)       Notices . Any notice, request or other document required or permitted to be given or delivered to the Holder by the Company shall be delivered in accordance with the notice provisions of the Purchase Agreement.

 

i)         Limitation of Liability . No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

 

j)         Remedies . The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.

 

k)       Successors and Assigns . Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

 

l)         Amendment . This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder.

 

m)     Severability . Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

 

 

 

 

n)       Headings . The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.

 

********************

 

 

(Signature Page Follows)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

 

 

 

 

    AMYRIS, INC.
     
    By:   
      Name:   
      Title:  
     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NOTICE OF EXERCISE

 

To:     AMYRIS, INC.

 

(1)    The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

 

(2)    Applicable Exercise Price: $________

 

(3)    Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):

 

[ ] in lawful money of the United States; or

 

[ ] [the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).

 

(4)    Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:

 

_______________________________

 

 

The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:

 

_______________________________

 

_______________________________

 

_______________________________

 

(4) Accredited Investor . The undersigned is an “accredited investor” as defined in Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]

 

Name of Investing Entity:    
   
Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity :    
   
Name of Authorized Signatory:    
   

  

 

 

 

Title of Authorized Signatory:    
   
Date:    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ASSIGNMENT FORM

 

(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

 

Name:
  (Please Print)
   
Address:

(Please Print)

 

Phone Number:  
   
Email Address:  
   
   
Dated:  _______________ __, ______    
Holder’s Signature:       
Holder’s Address:       

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit B

 

Form of Anti-Dilution Warrant

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXHIBIT B

 

 

NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES FOR WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES

 

COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT

 

AMYRIS, INC.

 

Issue Date: May 31, 2017

 

THIS COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT (the “ Warrant ”) certifies that, for value received, John E. Abdo, As Trustee Under Trust Agreement Dated March 15, 1976 For The Benefit Of John E. Abdo or its assigns (the “ Holder ”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the date that Stockholder Approval (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) is obtained and deemed effective (the “ Initial Exercise Date ”) and on or prior to the close of business on the five (5) year anniversary of the Initial Exercise Date (the “ Termination Date ”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Amyris, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), up to that number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock equal to the Warrant Share Amount (as defined below) (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “ Warrant Shares ”). The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).

 

Section 1 . Definitions .

 

e)                   Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in that certain Securities Purchase Agreement (the “ Purchase Agreement ”), dated May 31, 2017, among the Company and the Holder.

 

f)                    Common Stock Equivalents ” means any securities of the Company or its subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.

 

 

 

 

g)                   Dilutive Issuance ” means, other than an Exempt Issuance, during the period ending three (3) years from the Issue Date, and while this Warrant is outstanding, an issuance by the Company or any Subsidiary thereof whereby the Company or any Subsidiary thereof, as applicable, shall sell or grant any option to purchase, or sell or grant any right to reprice, or otherwise dispose of or issue (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, at an effective price per share less than the Effective Price then in effect (such lower price, the “ Base Share Price ”) (it being understood and agreed that if the holder of the Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents so issued shall at any time, whether by operation of purchase price adjustments, reset provisions, floating conversion, exercise or exchange prices or otherwise, or due to warrants, options or rights per share which are issued in connection with such issuance, be entitled to receive shares of Common Stock at an effective price per share that is less than the Effective Price, such issuance shall be deemed to have occurred for less than the Effective Price on such date of the Dilutive Issuance at such effective price).

 

h)                   Effective Price ” means $0.42 per share (as adjusted for any stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations or the like).

 

i)                     Exempt Issuance ” means the issuance of (a) shares of Common Stock or options to employees, officers or directors of the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan or employee stock purchase plan duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company, (b) securities upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding, or committed for issuance, or as to which a dilution adjustment may be triggered, or the payment of interest or principal in shares of Common Stock on securities which so provide, outstanding on the date hereof, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date hereof to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection with stock splits or combinations or adjustments pursuant to anti-dilution provisions existing on the date hereof) or to extend the term of such securities, (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equityholders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities, and (d) any securities issued to DSM International B.V. in accordance with its rights under the Stockholder Agreement with the Company dated May 11, 2017, as amended.

 

 

 

 

j)                     Warrant Share Amount ” means a number of shares of Common Stock determined subsequent to any Dilutive Issuance equal to the difference between (i) the quotient obtained by dividing the Holder’s applicable Subscription Amount by the Base Share Price in the lowest-priced such Dilutive Issuance, rounded down to the nearest share, minus (ii) the quotient obtained by dividing the Holder’s applicable Subscription Amount by the Effective Price, rounded down to the nearest whole share, minus (iii) the number of shares that have been issued upon exercise of this Warrant following any prior Dilutive Issuance. For the avoidance of doubt, on the Issue Date of this Warrant, the Warrant Share Amount shall equal zero; and if one Dilutive Issuance is followed by a subsequent Dilutive Issuance at higher Base Share Price than the prior Dilutive Issuance, the lower Base Share Price shall apply.

 

Section 2 . Exercise .

 

a)                                                 Exercise of Warrant . Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed facsimile copy or PDF copy submitted by electronic (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (“ Notice of Exercise ”). Within the earlier of (i) three (3) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise form be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Business Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.

 

 

 

 

b)                                                 Exercise Price . The exercise price per share of the Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $ 0.0001 subject to adjustment hereunder (the “ Exercise Price ”).

 

c)                                                 Cashless Exercise . This Warrant may be exercised, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date at the election of the Holder (in such Holder’s sole discretion) by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing ((A-B) * (X)) by (A), where:

 

(A) = as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b)(64) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder’s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 1(a) hereof after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day;

 

(B) = the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and

 

(X) = the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.

 

If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the characteristics of the Warrants being exercised, and the holding period of the Warrant Shares being issued may be tacked on to the holding period of this Warrant.  The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c).

 

Bid Price ” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b)  if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchaser and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

 

 

 

VWAP ” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b)  if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchaser and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, on the Termination Date, this Warrant shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant to this Section 2(c).

 

d)                                                Mechanics of Exercise .

 

 

 

 

i.             Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise . Warrant Shares purchased hereunder shall be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“ DWAC ”) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder or (B) the Warrant Shares are eligible for resale by the Holder without volume or manner-of-sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earlier of (i) the earlier of (A) three (3) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise and (B) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “ Warrant Share Delivery Date ”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) three Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day commencing one Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “ Standard Settlement Period ” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.

 

ii.                      Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise . If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.

 

iii.                   Rescission Rights . If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.

 

 

 

 

iv.                   Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise . In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “ Buy-In ”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

v.                   No Fractional Shares or Scrip . No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.

 

 

 

 

vi.                   Charges, Taxes and Expenses . Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided , however , that in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

 

vii.                   Closing of Books . The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

e)        Holder’s Exercise Limitations . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “ Attribution Parties ”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below).  For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties.  Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall

 

 

 

 

be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding.  Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within two Trading Days confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding.  In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “ Beneficial Ownership Limitation ” shall be 4.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61 st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.

 

Section 3 . Certain Adjustments .

 

h)       Stock Dividends and Splits . If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.

 

 

 

 

i)         [RESERVED]

 

j)         Subsequent Rights Offerings . In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time subsequent to the Original Issue Date but prior to the date the Corporation obtains the Stockholder Approval the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “ Purchase Rights ”), then each Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

 

k)       Pro Rata Distributions . During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction, but excluding any dividend that results in adjustment to the Conversion Price pursuant to Section 3(a) above) (a “ Distribution ”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution ( provided , however , to the extent that the Holder's right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

 

 

 

 

l)         Fundamental Transaction . If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination) (each a “ Fundamental Transaction ”), then, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction (as if the exercise of the Warrant occurred immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction), at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of common stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or shares of Common Stock of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “ Alternate Consideration ”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction.

 

 

 

 

m)     Calculations . All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.

 

n)       Notice to Holder .

 

i.       Notice of Dilutive Issuance . The Company shall notify the Holder, in writing, no later than the Trading Day following the issuance or deemed issuance of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents pursuant to a Dilutive Issuance, indicating therein the applicable Base Share Price and the resulting Warrant Share Amount.

 

ii.       Adjustment to Exercise Price . Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall within two (2) Trading Days deliver to the Holder by facsimile or email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.

 

iii.       Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder . If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by facsimile or email to the Holder at its last facsimile number or email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

 

 

 

 

Section 4 . Transfer of Warrant .

 

f)        Transferability . Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws and the conditions set forth in Section 4(d) hereof and to the provisions of Section 4.1 of the Purchase Agreement, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.

 

g)       New Warrants . This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the original issue date and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.

 

 

 

 

h)       Warrant Register . The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “ Warrant Register ”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

 

i)         Transfer Restrictions. If, at the time of the surrender of this Warrant in connection with any transfer of this Warrant, the transfer of this Warrant shall not be either (i) registered pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and under applicable state securities or blue sky laws or (ii) eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions or current public information requirements pursuant to Rule 144, the Company may require, as a condition of allowing such transfer, that the Holder or transferee of this Warrant, as the case may be, comply with the provisions of Section 5.7 of the Purchase Agreement.

 

j)         Representation by the Holder . The Holder, by the acceptance hereof, represents and warrants that it is acquiring this Warrant and, upon any exercise hereof, will acquire the Warrant Shares issuable upon such exercise, for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Warrant Shares or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act.

 

Section 5 . Miscellaneous .

 

a)                   No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise . This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3.

 

b)       Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant . The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.

 

 

 

 

c)       Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc . If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then, such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

 

d)      Authorized Shares .

 

During the period the Warrant is outstanding from and after the Initial Exercise Date, the Company covenants that it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).

 

Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.

 

Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.

 

 

 

 

e)       Jurisdiction . All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of the Purchase Agreement.

 

f)        Restrictions . The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.

 

g)       Nonwaiver and Expenses . No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies, notwithstanding the fact that all rights hereunder terminate on the Termination Date. If the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

 

h)       Notices . Any notice, request or other document required or permitted to be given or delivered to the Holder by the Company shall be delivered in accordance with the notice provisions of the Purchase Agreement.

 

i)         Limitation of Liability . No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

 

j)         Remedies . The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.

 

k)       Successors and Assigns . Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

 

 

 

 

l)         Amendment . This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder.

 

m)     Severability . Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

 

n)       Headings . The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.

 

 

********************

 

 

(Signature Page Follows)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

 

 

 

    AMYRIS, INC.
     
    By:   
      Name:   
      Title:  
     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NOTICE OF EXERCISE

 

To:     AMYRIS, INC.

 

(5)    The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

 

(6)    Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):

 

[   ] in lawful money of the United States; or

 

[   ] [the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).

 

(7)    Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:

 

_______________________________

 

 

The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:

 

_______________________________

 

_______________________________

 

_______________________________

 

(4) Accredited Investor . The undersigned is an “accredited investor” as defined in Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]

 

Name of Investing Entity:    
   
Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity :    
   
Name of Authorized Signatory:    
   
Title of Authorized Signatory:  
   

 

 

 

 

 

Date:    
   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ASSIGNMENT FORM

 

(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

 

Name:
  (Please Print)
   
Address:

(Please Print)

 

Phone Number:  
   
Email Address:  
   
   
Dated:  _______________ __, ______    
Holder’s Signature:       
Holder’s Address:       

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit C

 

PURCHASER SUITABILITY QUESTIONNAIRE

FOR

AMYRIS, INC.

 

This Questionnaire is to be completed by each ENTITY (trust, corporation, partnership or other organization) purchasing securities of Amyris, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the " Company "). The purpose of this Questionnaire is to assure the Company that each proposed investor will meet certain suitability standards in connection with investment in the Company and the purchase of shares of the Company’s Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the " Shares "), including those imposed by applicable state and federal securities laws and the regulations under those laws.

 

If the answer to any question is "None" or "Not Applicable," please so state. If more space is needed for any answer, additional sheets may be attached.

 

Your answers will be kept confidential at all times. However, by signing this Questionnaire, you agree that the Company may present this Questionnaire to such parties as it deems appropriate to establish the availability of exemptions from registration or qualification requirements under federal and state securities laws.

 

1. IDENTIFICATION

 

1.1 Name(s) in which the Shares are to be registered:
   
   
1.2 Tax Identification Number:
   
   
1.3 Address of principal place of business:
   
   
   
   
1.4 Telephone number:       
   
1.5 Jurisdiction of formation or of incorporation (Name the State or Country):
   
   
1.6 Form of entity (e.g., corporation, general partnership, limited partnership, trust, etc.):
   
   
1.7 Nature of business (e.g., investment, banking, manufacturing, venture capital investment fund, etc.):
   
   
     


 

 

 

 

2. ACCREDITATION

 

2.1 Amount of the proposed investment: $ __________
   
2.2 Is the entity's cash flow from all sources sufficient to satisfy its current needs, including possible contingencies, such that the entity has no need for liquidity in this proposed investment?
   

Yes_____       No____

 

2.3 Was the entity specifically formed for the purpose of investing in the Company?

 

Yes_____        No_____

 

2.4 Does the entity have the ability to bear the economic risk of the investment, i.e., can the entity afford to lose its entire investment?

 

Yes_____       No_____

 

2.5 Is the entity an employee benefit plan governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (a 401(k) Plan, Keogh Plan, pension plan, etc., maintained by an employer for its employees)?

 

Yes_____       No_____

 

IF YES , please indicate which, if any, of the following categories accurately describes the entity:

 

  _____ the employee benefit plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000.
     
_____ the plan is a self-directed plan with investment decisions made solely by persons listed in Section 2.6 below or who are individuals, and each such individual has a net worth in excess $1,000,000 or had an individual income in excess of $200,000 in each of the two most recent years and has a reasonable expectation of reaching the same income level in the current year.
     
_____ investment decisions are made by a plan fiduciary which is either a bank, savings and loan association, insurance company or registered investment advisor.
     
2.6 Please indicate which, if any, of the following categories accurately describes the entity:

 

  _____ A bank.
     
  _____ A savings and loan association.
     
_____ A broker-dealer registered under Section 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
     

 

 
     
  _____ An insurance company.

   

_____ An investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 or a business development company as defined in Section 2(a)(48) of that Act.
     
_____ A Small Business Investment Company licensed by the U.S. Small Business Administration under Section 301(c) or (d) of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958.
     
_____ A private business development company defined in Section 202(a)(22) of the Investment Advisors Act of 1940.
     
_____ An organization described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code with total assets in excess of $5,000,000 not formed for the purpose of investing in the Company.
     
_____ A corporation with total assets in excess of $5,000,000, not formed for the purpose of investing in the Company.
     
_____ A partnership with total assets in excess of $5,000,000, not formed for the purpose of investing in the Company.
     
_____ A Massachusetts or similar business trust with total assets in excess of $5,000,000, not formed for the purpose of investing in the Company.
     
_____ Any other trust with total assets in excess of $5,000,000, not formed for the purpose of investing in the Company.
     
2.7 Please indicate if one of the following describes the equity owners of the entity:

       

_____ Each equity owner of the entity (i.e., all shareholders, all general and/or limited partners or all beneficiaries, as applicable) is an individual whose net worth or joint net worth with his or her spouse exceeds $1,000,000.
     
_____ Each equity owner of the entity is an individual who had a personal income in excess of $200,000 in each of the two (2) most recent years or joint income with that person's spouse in excess of $300,000 in each of those years and reasonably expects to reach the same income level in the current year.
     
_____ Each equity owner of the entity is an entity described in at least one category of Question 2.6 above.
     
_____ Although not all equity owners are described in the same category above in this Question 2.7, each equity owner is described in at least one such category.
     

 

 
     
2.8 Please indicate which of the following also describes the equity owners of the entity:

       

_____ Each equity owner of the entity has, by reason of his, her or its business and financial experience, the capacity to evaluate the merits and risks of the entity's proposed investment and to protect his, her or its own interests in connection with the investment.
     
_____ Each of the equity owners of the entity is able to bear the economic risk of the entity's investment, i.e., can afford loss of the entity's entire investment.
     
_____ The beneficial interest of each equity owner in the entity's proposed investment is less than 10% of such equity owner's net worth, or joint net worth with his or her spouse.
     
_____ Although not all equity owners are described in the same category above in this Question 2.8, each equity owner is described in at least one such category.
     

 

3. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

3.1 Has your entity previously invested in private placements of securities of newly-formed, non-public companies or companies without a history of significant profits or earnings?

 

Never _______     Rarely _______     On Several Occasions _______

 

3.2 Does your entity, by reason of its business and financial knowledge and experience, have the capacity to evaluate the merits and risks of the entity's proposed investment and to protect the entity's own interests in connection with its investment in the Company?

 

Yes _____     No _____

 

IF YES , please describe the business and financial knowledge and experience, indicating factual basis for your conclusion that the entity has such capacity.

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

3.3 Do the persons responsible for making the investment decision for the entity, by reason of their business and financial knowledge and experience, have the capacity to evaluate the merits and risks of the entity's proposed investment?

 

Yes _____     No _____

 

IF YES , please describe the business and financial knowledge and experience, indicating factual basis for your conclusion that those persons have such capacity.

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

 

 

 

3.4 If you have used the services of a securities broker or dealer or a finder in submitting subscription documentation for the Shares, please identify the broker, dealer or finder:

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

3.5 Are you relying on the business or financial experience of an accountant, attorney or other professional advisor in evaluating the merits and risks of this investment in order to protect your own interest?

 

Yes_____       No_____

 

IF YES , please (a) have your advisor complete the Company's form of Advisor's Questionnaire and submit it with this Questionnaire, and (b) identify the advisor.

 

Name of professional advisor:________________________________________________

 

4. EXECUTION

 

The information provided in this Questionnaire is true and complete as of the date provided below in all material respects and the undersigned recognizes that the Company is relying on the truth and accuracy of such information. The undersigned agrees to notify the Company promptly of any changes in the foregoing information that may occur prior to the closing of the sale of Shares of the Company.

 

 

  Name of Entity:
   
  (Please Print or Type)
   
  By:   
  (Signature)
   
  Name:   
  (Please Print or Type)
   
  Title:   
  (Please Print or Type)
   
  Date:   
     
     
     
     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXHIBIT 23.02

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of our report dated April 17, 2017 relating to the financial statements and financial statement schedule, which appears in Amyris, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.

 

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

San Jose, California

August 4, 2017

 

 

EXHIBIT 23.03

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITOR

 

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of our report dated March 4, 2015 relating to the financial statements of Novvi LLC which appears in Amyris, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.

 

/s/ Pannell Kerr Forster of Texas, P.C.

 

Houston, Texas

August 4, 2017