UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

 QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For transition period from __________ to __________

Commission file number: 001-36621

Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Israel
Not Applicable
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2 Holzman Street, Weizmann Science Park
Rehovot, Israel
7670402
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)

+972-8-9316233
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Ordinary Shares, par value NIS 0.16 per share
FOMX
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes           No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒          No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 
Large accelerated filer
 
Accelerated filer
 
Non-accelerated filer
 
Smaller reporting company
 
Emerging growth company
     

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes           No

The total number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.16 per share, as of November 4, 2019, was 61,253,788.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
  4
   
F-2 - F-3
   
F-4
   
F-5
   
F-6 - F-7
   
F-8 - F-9
   
F-10 - F-21
  5
  17
  17
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
 
  17
  17
  53
  54
  54
  54
  54
2

DEFINITIONS

In this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, unless otherwise indicated, all references to the “company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and “Foamix” refer to Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd. and its subsidiary, Foamix Pharmaceuticals Inc., a Delaware corporation.

References to the “Companies Law” are to Israel’s Companies Law, 5759-1999, as currently amended;

References to the “Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;

References to the “FDA” are to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration;

References to “Nasdaq” are to the Nasdaq Global Stock Market;

References to “Ordinary Shares” are to our ordinary shares, par value of NIS 0.16 per share;

References to the “SEC” are to the U.S Securities and Exchange Commission;

References to the “Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended; and

References to “U.S. dollars” and “$” are to currency of the United States of America, and references to “NIS” are to New Israeli Shekels.
3


PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements


4


FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2019
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
Page
   
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:
 
F-2 - F-3
F-4
F-5
F-6 - F-7
F-8 - F-9
F-10 - F-21
 
The amounts are stated in US dollars in thousands (except for share and per share data)


FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
 (U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
 
    September 30     December 31  
    2019     2018  
             
A s s e t s
           
CURRENT ASSETS:
           
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
40,534
   
$
27,868
 
Restricted cash
   
250
     
250
 
Short term bank deposits
   
19,141
     
24,047
 
Investment in marketable securities (Note 4)
   
15,333
     
46,669
 
Restricted investment in marketable securities (Note 4)
   
288
     
268
 
Accounts receivable:
               
Trade
   
-
     
1,066
 
Other
   
979
     
999
 
TOTAL  CURRENT ASSETS
   
76,525
     
101,167
 
                 
NON-CURRENT ASSETS:
               
Investment in marketable securities (Note 4)
   
-
     
150
 
Restricted investment in marketable securities (Note 4)
   
143
     
133
 
Property and equipment, net
   
2,809
     
2,235
 
Operating lease right of use assets (Note 7)
   
1,947
     
-
 
Other
   
159
     
46
 
TOTAL  NON-CURRENT ASSETS
   
5,058
     
2,564
 
                 
TOTAL  ASSETS
 
$
81,583
   
$
103,731
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
F - 2

 
FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
 (U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
 
   
September 30
   
December 31
 
   
2019
   
2018
 
     
     
 
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
           
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
           
Accounts payable and accruals:
           
Trade
 
$
7,357
   
$
6,327
 
Operating lease liabilities (Note 7)
   
1,136
     
-
 
Other
   
4,877
     
4,141
 
TOTAL  CURRENT LIABILITIES
   
13,370
     
10,468
 
                 
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES:
               
Liability for employee severance benefits
   
419
     
367
 
Operating lease liabilities (Note 7)
   
870
     
-
 
Long-term debt (Note 5)
   
12,939
     
-
 
Other liabilities
   
456
     
714
 
TOTAL  LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
   
14,684
     
1,081
 
TOTAL  LIABILITIES
   
28,054
     
11,549
 
COMMITMENTS (Note 7)
               
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
               
Ordinary Shares, NIS- 0.16 par value - authorized: 135,000,000 and 90,000,000 Ordinary Shares as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively; issued and outstanding: 61,121,087 and 54,351,140 Ordinary Shares as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
   
2,638
     
2,331
 
Additional paid-in capital
   
323,657
     
305,303
 
Accumulated deficit
   
(272,767
)
   
(215,409
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
   
1
     
(43
)
TOTAL  SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
   
53,529
     
92,182
 
TOTAL  LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
$
81,583
   
$
103,731
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

F - 3

FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
 (U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)
 
   
Nine months ended
September 30
   
Three months ended
September 30
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2019
   
2018
 

   
     
     
     
 
REVENUES (Note 8)
 
$
308
   
$
2,735
   
$
-
   
$
865
 
                                 
OPERATING EXPENSES:
                               
Research and development
   
35,856
     
52,809
     
12,452
     
13,142
 
Selling, general and administrative
   
22,894
     
10,019
     
10,747
     
3,309
 
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES
   
58,750
     
62,828
     
23,199
     
16,451
 
OPERATING LOSS
   
58,442
     
60,093
     
23,199
     
15,586
 
FINANCE INCOME, net
   
(908
)
   
(471
)
   
(38
)
   
(119
)
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX
   
57,534
     
59,622
     
23,161
     
15,467
 
INCOME TAX
   
(176
)
   
463
     
-
     
13
 
NET LOSS FOR THE PERIOD
 
$
57,358
   
$
60,085
   
$
23,161
   
$
15,480
 
                                 
LOSS PER SHARE BASIC AND DILUTED
 
$
1.05
   
$
1.50
   
$
0.41
   
$
0.38
 
                                 
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES OUTSTANDING USED IN COMPUTATION OF BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE IN THOUSANDS
   
54,420
     
39,932
     
55,984
     
40,873
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

F - 4

FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
 
 (U.S. dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
   
Nine months ended
September 30
   
Three months ended
September 30
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2019
   
2018
 

   
     
     
     
 
NET LOSS
 
$
57,358
   
$
60,085
   
$
23,161
   
$
15,480
 
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (INCOME):
                               
Net unrealized gains from marketable securities
   
(41
)
   
(44
)
   
(1
)
   
(34
)
Losses on marketable securities reclassified into net loss
   
-
     
(5
)
   
-
     
(3
)
Net unrealized losses (gains) on derivative financial instruments
   
(3
)
   
68
     
(1
)
   
(13
)
losses on derivative financial instruments reclassified into net loss
   
-
     
(55
)
   
-
     
(20
)
TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
   
(44
)
   
(36
)
   
(2
)
   
(70
)
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
 
$
57,314
   
$
60,049
   
$
23,159
   
$
15,410
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
F - 5


FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
 
   
Ordinary
shares
   
Additional paid-in capital
   
Accumulated deficit
   
Accumulated
other comprehensive Income (loss)
   
Total
 
   
Number of shares
   
Amounts
   
Amounts
 
BALANCE AT JANUARY 1, 2018
   
37,498,128
   
$
1,576
   
$
208,364
   
$
(141,281
)
 
$
(58
)
 
$
68,601
 
 Impact of initial adoption of new accounting standards, as previously reported
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
35
     
(35
)
   
-
 
CHANGES DURING THE PERIOD:
                                               
Comprehensive loss
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
(60,085
)
   
36
     
(60,049
)
Issuance of ordinary shares through a public offering, net of $5,175 issuance costs
   
13,420,500
     
599
     
74,749
     
-
     
-
     
75,348
 
Issuance of ordinary shares through a securities purchase agreement, net of $39 issuance costs
   
2,940,000
     
134
     
15,997
     
-
     
-
     
16,131
 
Exercise of warrants
   
178,468
     
8
     
832
     
-
     
-
     
840
 
Exercise of options and restricted share units
   
233,078
     
10
     
33
     
-
     
-
     
43
 
Share-based compensation (Note 6)
   
-
     
-
     
4,144
     
-
     
-
     
4,144
 
BALANCE AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2018
   
54,270,174
   
$
2,327
   
$
304,119
   
$
(201,331
)
 
$
(57
)
 
$
105,058
 
                                                 
BALANCE AT JANUARY 1, 2019
   
54,351,140
   
$
2,331
   
$
305,303
   
$
(215,409
)
 
$
(43
)
 
$
92,182
 
CHANGES DURING THE PERIOD:
                                               
Comprehensive loss
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
(57,358
)
   
44
     
(57,314
)
Issuance of ordinary shares and warrants, net of $359 issuance costs (Note 5 and 6)
   
6,542,057
     
297
     
14,714
     
-
     
-
     
15,011
 
Exercise of options and restricted share units
   
227,890
     
10
     
34
     
-
     
-
     
44
 
Share-based compensation (Note 6)
   
-
     
-
     
3,606
     
-
     
-
     
3,606
 
BALANCE AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2019
   
61,121,087
   
$
2,638
   
$
323,657
   
$
(272,767
)
 
$
1
   
$
53,529
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

F - 6

FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
 
   
Ordinary
shares
   
Additional paid-in capital
   
Accumulated deficit
   
Accumulated
other comprehensive Income (loss)
   
Total
 
   
Number of shares
   
Amounts
   
Amounts
 
BALANCE AT JULY 1, 2018
   
40,693,479
   
$
1,721
   
$
228,154
   
$
(185,851
)
 
$
(127
)
 
$
43,897
 
CHANGES DURING THE PERIOD:
                                               
Comprehensive loss
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
(15,480
)
   
70
     
(15,410
)
Issuance of ordinary shares through a public offering, net of $5,175 issuance costs
   
13,420,500
     
599
     
74,749
     
-
     
-
     
75,348
 
Exercise of options and restricted share units
   
156,195
     
7
     
26
     
-
     
-
     
33
 
Share-based compensation (Note 6)
   
-
     
-
     
1,190
     
-
     
-
     
1,190
 
BALANCE AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2018
   
54,270,174
   
$
2,327
   
$
304,119
   
$
(201,331
)
 
$
(57
)
 
$
105,058
 
                                                 
BALANCE AT  JULY 1, 2019
   
54,455,969
   
$
2,336
   
$
307,653
   
$
(249,606
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
60,382
 
CHANGES DURING THE PERIOD:
                                               
Comprehensive loss
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
(23,161
)
   
2
     
(23,159
)
Issuance of ordinary shares and warrants, net of $359 issuance costs (Note 5 and 6)
   
6,542,057
     
297
     
14,714
     
-
     
-
     
15,011
 
Exercise of options and restricted share units
   
123,061
     
5
     
21
     
-
     
-
     
26
 
Share-based compensation (Note 6)
   
-
     
-
     
1,269
     
-
     
-
     
1,269
 
BALANCE AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2019
   
61,121,087
   
$
2,638
   
$
323,657
   
$
(272,767
)
 
$
1
   
$
53,529
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statement
F - 7


FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(U.S. dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
   
Nine months ended
September 30
 
   
2019
   
2018
 

   
     
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
           
Net loss
 
$
57,358
   
$
60,085
 
Adjustments required to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
               
Depreciation and amortization
   
256
     
243
 
Loss from disposal and sale of fixed assets
   
7
     
39
 
Changes in marketable securities and bank deposits, net
   
(269
)
   
165
 
Changes in accrued liability for employee severance benefits, net of retirement fund profit
   
52
     
(57
)
Share-based compensation
   
3,606
     
4,144
 
Non-cash finance expenses, net
   
85
     
20
 
Changes in operating asset and liabilities:
               
Decrease (increase) in trade and other receivables
   
1,086
     
(756
)
Increase in other non-current assets
   
(124
)
   
(12
)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accruals
   
1,511
     
(1,467
)
Net cash used in operating activities
   
(51,148
)
   
(57,766
)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
               
Purchase of fixed assets
   
(861
)
   
(408
)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets
   
24
     
10
 
Investment in bank deposits
   
(34,061
)
   
(27,500
)
Investment in marketable securities
   
(13,940
)
   
(1,012
)
Proceeds from sale and maturity of marketable securities and bank deposits
   
84,673
     
66,255
 
Net cash provided by investing activities
   
35,835
     
37,345
 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
               
Proceeds from exercise of options
   
54
     
43
 
Proceeds from exercise of warrants
   
-
     
840
 
Withholding tax from net exercise of restricted share units
   
(10
)
   
-
 
Proceeds from issuance of shares, net of issuance costs
   
13,714
     
16,131
 
Proceeds from issuance of shares through public offerings, net of $5,175 issuance costs
   
-
     
75,348
 
Proceeds from debt financing and issuance of warrants, net of $804 issuance costs
   
14,196
     
-
 
Net cash provided by financing activities
   
27,954
     
92,362
 
                 
INCREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH
   
12,641
     
71,941
 
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE ON CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH
   
25
     
(20
)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF THE PERIOD
   
28,118
     
16,206
 
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF THE PERIOD
 
$
40,784
   
$
88,127
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
40,534
     
87,877
 
Restricted cash
   
250
     
250
 
TOTAL CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH SHOWN IN STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
 
$
40,784
   
$
88,127
 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ON INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES NOT INVOLVING CASH FLOWS:
               
Cashless exercise of warrants and restricted share units
 
$
7
   
$
7
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
F - 8

FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(U.S. dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
           
Cash paid for taxes
 
$
-
   
$
469
 
Interest received
 
$
1,125
   
$
784
 
Interest paid
 
$
289
   
$
-
 
Additions to operating lease right of use assets
 
$
1,193
   
$
-
 
Additions to operating lease liabilities
 
$
1,175
   
$
-
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

F - 9

FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

NOTE 1 - NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION:


a.
Nature of operations

Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (hereinafter “Foamix”) is an Israeli company incorporated in 2003.

Foamix’s shares have been publicly traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “FOMX” since its initial public offering (“IPO”) in September 2014.

Foamix is a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of innovative therapies in dermatology. On October 18, 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approved Foamix’s first drug product, AMZEEQ (minocycline) topical foam, 4%, formerly known as FMX101, a once-daily topical antibiotic for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of non-nodular moderate to severe acne vulgaris in patients 9 years of age and older.

Foamix is also developing a product candidate, FMX103 (minocycline) topical foam, 1.5%, for the treatment of moderate-to-severe papulopustular rosacea in adults. Both AMZEEQ and FMX103 were developed using Molecule Stabilizing Technology, a proprietary foam platform designed to optimize the topical delivery of minocycline, an active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”), that was available only in oral form until the FDA’s approval of AMZEEQ.

Foamix also licensed certain technology under development and licensing agreements to various pharmaceutical companies for development of certain products combining Foamix's foam technology with the licensee’s proprietary drugs.

In May 2014, Foamix incorporated a wholly-owned subsidiary in the United States of America - Foamix Pharmaceuticals Inc. (hereinafter referred to as the "Subsidiary"). The Subsidiary was incorporated to assist Foamix with regard to commercialization activities, regulatory affairs and business development relating to its pipeline and technology.

Since incorporation through September 30, 2019, Foamix and its subsidiary (hereinafter referred to as “the Company”) incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations mainly attributable to its development efforts and has an accumulated deficit of $272,767. The Company has financed its operations mainly through the issuance of shares through private and public financing rounds, debt financing, warrants and payments received pursuant to the terms of development and licensing agreements. The Company's cash and investments as of the issuance date of these financial statements, along with funds the Company may be entitled to receive under a credit agreement (see note 5) and the Company’s 2020 estimated revenues, provide sufficient resources to fund its operations through at least the next 12 months. In order to successfully commercialize AMZEEQ, FMX103 and any future product candidates, the Company may be required to obtain further funding through public or private offerings, debt financings, collaboration and licensing arrangements or other sources. Adequate additional funding may not be available to the Company on acceptable terms, or at all. If the Company is unable to raise capital when needed or on attractive terms, it may be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate its research and development programs or commercialization and manufacturing efforts.


F - 10


FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

NOTE 1 - NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (continued):


b.
Basis of presentation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP") for interim financial statements. Accordingly, they do not contain all information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements reflect all adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s consolidated financial position as of September 30, 2019, the consolidated results of operations, comprehensive loss and changes in shareholders’ equity for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 and cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018. The condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2018 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2019,  but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements.

The results for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year ending December 31, 2019.

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:


a.
Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Foamix and its subsidiary. Intercompany balances and transactions including profits from intercompany sales not yet realized outside the Company have been eliminated upon consolidation.


b.
Fair value measurement

Fair value is based on the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In order to increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements, the guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels, which are described as follows:
 

Level 1:
Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.
 

Level 2:
Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets, but corroborated by market data or active market data of similar or identical assets or liabilities.
 

Level 3:
Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs.
 
F - 11


FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):



In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible and considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.


c.
Loss per share

Net loss per share, basic and diluted, is computed on the basis of the net loss for the period divided by the weighted average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is based upon the weighted average number of Ordinary Shares and of Ordinary Share equivalents outstanding when dilutive. Ordinary Share equivalents include outstanding stock options and warrants which are included under the treasury share method when dilutive.

The following average share options, restricted share units (“RSUs”), warrant and incremental share to be issued under the employee share purchase plan (“ESPP”) were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per Ordinary Share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented (share data):

   
Nine months ended
September 30
   
Three months ended
September 30
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2019
   
2018
 
Outstanding share options, RSUs and shares under the ESPP
   
6,055,554
     
4,680,521
     
6,380,647
     
4,874,889
 
Warrants
   
253,846
     
715,158
     
761,538
     
-
 


d.
Newly issued and recently adopted accounting pronouncements:

Accounting pronouncements adopted in period:


1)
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which supersedes the existing guidance for lease accounting, Leases (Topic 840). The new standard requires lessees to record assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement.

The Company adopted the standard as of January 1, 2019 on a modified retrospective basis and did not restate comparative periods. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allowed the Company to carryforward the historical lease classification and not separate lease and non-lease components for the leases. The Company recognizes the lease payments in the consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease period.

The adoption of the standard resulted in recognition of $1,357 of lease assets and lease liabilities as of January 1, 2019 on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

F - 12

FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):
 

2)
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payments. This ASU was issued to simplify the accounting for share-based transactions by expanding the scope of Topic 718 from only being applicable to share-based payments to employees to also include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. As a result, nonemployee share-based transactions will be measured by estimating the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant date, taking into consideration the probability of satisfying performance conditions. This standard, adopted as of January 1, 2019, had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 

NOTE 3 - FAIR VALUE PRESENTATION
 
The Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are classified in the tables below in one of the three categories described in Note 2b above:
 
   
September 30, 2019
 
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Total
 
Marketable securities
 
$
1,016
   
$
14,748
   
$
15,764
 
                         
   
December 31, 2018
 
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Total
 
Marketable securities
 
$
991
   
$
46,229
   
$
47,220
 
Currency options designated as hedging instruments (current liability)
 
$
-
   
$
(3
)
 
$
(3
)

The Company’s debt securities are traded in markets that are not considered to be active, but are valued based on quoted market prices, broker or dealer quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Accordingly, these assets are categorized as Level 2.

Foreign exchange risk management

Occasionally, the Company purchases and writes non-functional currency options in order to hedge the currency exposure on the Company’s cash flow. The currency hedged items are denominated in New Israeli Shekels (“NIS”). The purchasing and writing of options is part of a comprehensive currency hedging strategy with respect to salary and rent expenses denominated in NIS. These transactions are at zero cost for periods of up to one year. The counterparties to the derivatives are major banks in Israel. As of September 30, 2019, there were no hedged amounts.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company has a lien in the amount of $288 on the Company’s marketable securities and a lien in the amount of $250 on the Company’s checking account, in respect of bank guarantees granted in order to secure the hedging transactions.

NOTE 4 - MARKETABLE SECURITIES

Marketable securities as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted mainly of debt and mutual funds securities. The debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value. Changes in fair value, net of taxes (if applicable), are reflected in other comprehensive loss. Realized gains and losses on sales of the securities, as well as premium or discount amortization, are included in the consolidated statement of operations as finance income or expenses.

F - 13

FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

NOTE 4 - MARKETABLE SECURITIES (continued):

As of January 1, 2018, following the adoption of ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10), equity securities with readily determinable fair value are measured at fair value. The changes in the fair value of equity investments are recognized through net income. Adoption of the standard was applied through a cumulative one-time adjustment of $35 to the accumulated deficit.

The following table sets forth the Company’s marketable securities:

   
September 30
   
December 31
 
   
2019
   
2018
 

   
     
 
Israeli mutual funds
 
$
1,016
   
$
991
 
Certificates of deposit
   
805
     
2,773
 
U.S Government bonds
   
4,010
     
25,215
 
U.S Treasury bills
   
9,933
     
18,241
 
Total
 
$
15,764
   
$
47,220
 

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the fair value, cost and gross unrealized holding gains and losses of the marketable securities owned by the Company were as follows:

   
September 30, 2019
 
   
Fair
   
Cost or amortized cost
   
Gross unrealized
   
Gross unrealized
 
   
value
       
holding losses
   
holding gains
 
Certificates of deposit
 
$
805
   
$
805
   
$
-
*
 
$
-
*
U.S Government bonds
   
4,010
     
4,010
     
-
*
   
-
*
U.S Treasury bills
   
9,933
     
9,932
     
-
*
   
1
 
Total
 
$
14,748
   
$
14,747
   
$
-
   
$
1
 
                                 
* Represents amounts less than $1.
                               

   
December 31, 2018
 
   
Fair
   
Cost or amortized cost
   
Gross unrealized
   
Gross unrealized
 
   
value
       
holding loss
   
holding gains
 
Certificates of deposit
 
$
2,773
   
$
2,790
   
$
17
   
$
-
 
U.S Government and agency Bonds
   
25,215
     
25,236
     
22
     
1
 
U.S Treasury bills
   
18,241
     
18,243
     
3
     
1
 
Total
 
$
46,229
   
$
46,269
   
$
42
   
$
2
 

As of September 30, 2019, the unrealized losses attributed to the Company’s marketable securities were primarily due to credit spreads and interest rate movements. The Company has considered factors regarding other than temporary impaired securities and determined that there are no securities with impairment that is other than temporary as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
    
F - 14

FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

NOTE 4 - MARKETABLE SECURITIES (continued):

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s debt securities had the following maturity dates:
   
Market value
 
   
September 30,
   
December 31,
 
   
2019
   
2018
 

   
     
 
Due within one year
 
$
14,748
   
$
46,079
 
1 to 2 years
   
-
     
150
 
Total
 
$
14,748
   
$
46,229
 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, the Company received aggregate proceeds of $45,673 and $25,548, respectively, upon sale and maturity of marketable securities.

$431 and $401 of the Company’s marketable securities were restricted as of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively, due to a lien in respect of bank guarantees granted to secure hedging transactions and the Company’s rental agreements. Refer to Note 7 and Note 3.

NOTE 5 - LONG-TERM DEBT:

On July 29, 2019 (the “Closing Date”) the Company secured up to $50 million in debt from two of its current shareholders, who are considered related parties (the “lenders”) and entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with one of the lenders for gross proceeds of approximately $14 million, before deducting offering expenses (see Note 6).

The debt consists of term loans under a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) and comprises of three trenches: (a) $15 million  funded at closing (the “Tranche 1 Loan”), (b) up to $20 million available after the closing date but prior to February 29, 2020 (the “Tranche 2 Loan”) and (c) up to $15 million available after the closing date and prior to September 30, 2020 (the “Tranche 3 Loan”). The Company shall be permitted to borrow the Tranche 2 Loan only following the FDA’s approval of the Company’s NDA for AMZEEQ (formerly known as FMX101) and listing of AMZEEQ in the FDA’s “Orange Book,” provided that, at such time,  the Company has maintained its arrangements with a third party for the commercial supply and manufacture of AMZEEQ. The Company shall be permitted to borrow the Tranche 3 Loan only following the achievement of certain revenue targets. Subject to any acceleration as provided in the Credit Agreement, including upon an event of default (as defined in the Credit Agreement), the credit facility will mature on July 29, 2024 and bear interest equal to the sum of (A) 8.25% (subject to increase in accordance with the terms of the Credit Agreement) plus (B) the greater of (x) the one-month LIBOR as of the second business day immediately preceding the first day of the calendar month or the date of borrowing (if such loan is not outstanding as of the first day of the calendar month), as applicable, and (y) 2.75%. A fee in an amount equal to 1.0% of the aggregate principal amount of all loans made on any given borrowing date shall be payable to the lenders.

The Credit Agreement is secured by a first-priority lien and security interest in substantially all of the Company’s tangible and intangible assets including intellectual property.

The Credit Agreement contains certain financial covenants, including that the Company (1) at all times prior to FDA approval of AMZEEQ maintain a minimum aggregate cash balance of $15 million; (2) at all times on or after the date of FDA approval of AMZEEQ maintain a minimum aggregate cash balance of $2.5 million; and (3) as of the last day of each fiscal quarter commencing on the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2020, receive revenue for the trailing 12-month period in amounts set forth in the Credit Agreement, which range from $10.5 million for the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2020 to $109.5 million for the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2024.

F - 15

FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

NOTE 5 – LONG-TERM DEBT (continued):

As of September 30, 2019, the Company is in compliance with all covenants, including maintaining a minimum aggregate cash balance as mentioned above. In the event where the Company fails to observe or perform any of the financial covenants the lenders may, by notice to the Company, declare the Term Loans then outstanding to be due and payable in whole, together with accrued interest and a Prepayment Premium (as defined in the Credit Agreement).

Under the Credit Agreement, there are no required payments of principal amounts until July 2023. Afterwards, the Company will pay 1.5% of the aggregate principal amount each month. The outstanding amount will be paid in full on July 2024.

In connection with the Credit Agreement, on the Closing Date, the Company issued to the lenders warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,100,000 of its Ordinary Shares, at an exercise price of $2.09 per share (the “Warrant”), which represents the five-day volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares as of the trading day immediately prior to the Closing Date. Payment of the exercise price will be made, at the option of the lender, either in cash or as a reduction of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrant, with an aggregate fair value equal to the aggregate exercise price ("cashless exercise"), or any combination of the foregoing. The Warrants were exercisable immediately following the closing of the Credit Agreement and are due to expire on July 29, 2026. Any Warrants left outstanding will be cashless exercised on the Warrants' expiration date, if in the money. The Warrants issued were classified as equity in accordance with ASC 815-40. Proceeds received under the Tranche 1 Loan were allocated to the Warrants and the Tranche 1 Loan on a relative fair value basis.

The company has incurred offering expenses of $1,090 in connection with transactions contemplated by the Credit Agreement and the Securities Purchase Agreement, which were allocated to the Warrants, shares and debt consistently with the allocation of proceeds.

Debt issuance costs are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as a reduction of liabilities.

Amounts allocated to the debt, net of issuance cost, are subsequently recognized at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

The fair value of the debt as of September 30, 2019 was $15.1 million and is categorized as Level 3.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019 the company recorded finance expense of $289 and $40 relating to the interest and discount cost, respectively.

NOTE 6- SHARE CAPITAL:

Authorized shares

On April 10, 2019, the Company’s shareholders approved an increase of the Company’s authorized Ordinary Shares from 90,000,000 shares previously approved to 135,000,000 shares, NIS 0.16 per share.

Issuance of shares

On July 29, 2019, pursuant to the Credit Agreement and Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company issued and sold, in a registered offering, an aggregate of 6,542,057 shares of the Company’s Ordinary Shares, at a purchase price of $2.14 per share, representing the closing share price on the last trading day prior to signing, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $14 million, before deducting offering expenses in the amount of $286.

F - 16

FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

NOTE 6 - SHARE CAPITAL (continued):

Warrants

In connection with the Credit Agreement, on the Closing Date, the Company issued to the lender Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,100,000 of its Ordinary Shares. The warrants were exercisable immediately following the closing of the Credit Agreement and are due to expire on July 29, 2026. Any Warrants left outstanding will be cashless exercised on the Warrants' expiration date, if in the money. As of September 30, 2019, no Warrants have been exercised.

Share based compensation

Equity incentive plan:

On April 10, 2019, the Company's shareholders approved a new equity incentive plan (the "Plan") replacing the prior equity plans approved in 2015 and 2009. The Plan included a pool of 6,027,990 Ordinary Shares for grant to Company employees, consultants, directors and other service providers. As of September 30, 2019, 5,373,741 shares remain available for grant under the Plan.

Employee Share Purchase Plan:
 
On April 10, 2019 the Company’s shareholders approved an ESPP pursuant to which qualified employees (as defined in the ESPP) may elect to purchase designated shares of the Company’s Ordinary Shares at a price equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of Ordinary Shares at the beginning or end of each semi-annual share purchase period (“Purchase Period”). Employees are permitted to purchase the number of shares purchasable with up to 15% of the earnings paid (as such term is defined in the ESPP) to each of the participating employees during the Purchase Period, subject to certain limitations under Section 423 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code.

The number of Ordinary Shares initially reserved for purchase under the ESPP was 5,400,000 Ordinary Shares. As of September 30, 2019, the Company has not issued any shares pursuant to the ESPP.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company granted options and RSUs as follows:

   
Nine months ended September 30, 2019
 
   
Award amount
   
Exercise price range
 
Vesting period
 
Expiration
 
Employees:
                   
Options
   
1,180,736
   
$
2.36-$3.81
 
4 years
 
10 year
 
RSUs
   
284,628
     
-
 
4 years
   
-
 
                           
Directors:
                         
Options
   
247,060
   
$
2.66
 
1 year
 
10 year
 
RSUs
   
140,976
     
-
 
1 year
   
-
 

F - 17

FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

NOTE 6 - SHARE CAPITAL (continued):

   
Nine months ended September 30, 2018
 
   
Award amount
   
Exercise price range
 
Vesting period
 
Expiration
 
Employees:
                   
Options
   
571,530
   
$
5.06-$6.40
 
4 years
 
10 years
 
RSUs
   
126,844
         
4 years
   
-
 
                           
Directors:
                         
Options
   
174,373
   
$
5.02-$5.06
 
1 years
 
10 years
 
RSUs
   
14,829
         
3 years
   
-
 

The fair value of options and RSUs granted to employees during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $3,954 and $3,287, respectively.

The fair value of RSUs granted is based on the share price on grant date.

The fair value of options granted was computed, as of the grant date, using the Black-Scholes model. The underlying data used for computing the fair value of the options are as follows:

   
Nine months ended
September 30
 
   
2019
   
2018
 
Value of ordinary share
 
$
2.36-$3.83
   
$
5.12-$5.99
 
Dividend yield
   
0
%
   
0
%
Expected volatility
   
59.35%-61.4
%
   
62.1%-62.6
%
Risk-free interest rate
   
1.42%-2.62
%
   
2.75%-2.84
%
Expected term
 
6 years
   
6 years
 

The following table illustrates the effect of share-based compensation on the statements of operations:
 
   
Nine months ended
September 30
   
Three months ended
September 30
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2019
   
2018
 
Research and development expenses
 
$
1,127
   
$
1,679
   
$
389
   
$
376
 
Selling, general and administrative
   
2,479
     
2,465
     
880
     
814
 
   
$
3,606
   
$
4,144
   
$
1,269
   
$
1,190
 

NOTE 7 - COMMITMENTS

Operating lease agreements

The Company leases office space for its headquarters and research and development facilities in Israel and in the United States under several lease agreements. The lease agreement for the facilities in Israel is linked to the Israeli consumer price index (“CPI”) and due to expire in December 2020.

The lease agreement in the United States was due to expire during March 2019. On March 13, 2019, the Company signed an amendment to the original lease agreement. The amendment includes an extension of the lease period of the 10,000 square feet currently leased under the original agreement (the "Current Space") and an addition of 4,639 square feet (the "Additional Space”). The Company entered into a lease for the Additional Space following a period of preparation by the lessor completed during September 2019 (the "Commencement Date").

F - 18

FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

NOTE 7 – COMMITMENTS (continued):

On March 13, 2019, pursuant to the extension of the lease on the Current Space, the Company recognized an additional right of use asset and liability in the amount of $713. The Additional Space was considered a new lease agreement and was recognized only on the Commencement Date.

In July 2017, the Company entered into operating lease agreements in connection with the leasing of several vehicles. The lease periods are generally for three years and the payments are linked to the Israeli CPI. To secure the terms of the lease agreements, the Company has made certain prepayments to the leasing company, representing approximately three months of lease payments. These amounts have been recorded as part of the operating lease right to use assets.

Operating lease costs for the three months ended September 30, 2019 are as follows:

   
Nine months
ended
September 30
   
Three months
ended
September 30
 
   
2019
   
2019
 

   
     
 
Office lease expenses
 
$
570
   
$
176
 
Vehicles lease expenses
 
$
63
   
$
30
 

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities are as follows:

   
Nine months
ended
September 30
   
Three months
ended
September 30
 
   
2019
   
2019
 

   
     
 
Office lease
 
$
595
   
$
206
 
Vehicles lease
 
$
104
   
$
32
 

Supplemental information related to leases are as follows:

   
September 30
 
   
2019
 
     
 
Operating lease right-of-use assets
 
$
1,947
 
Operating lease liabilities
 
$
2,006
 
Weighted average remaining lease term
   
2.13
 
Weighted average discount rate
   
5.72
%

Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:

2019
 
$
296
 
2020
   
1,158
 
2021
   
455
 
2022
   
229
 
Total lease payments
   
2,138
 
Less imputed interest
   
(132
)
Total lease liability
 
$
2,006
 

F - 19

FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

NOTE 7 – COMMITMENTS (continued):

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had a lien in the amount of $143 on the Company’s marketable securities in respect of bank guarantees granted in order to secure the lease agreements.

The Company elected the alternative modified transition method and included the following table previously disclosed.

Future minimum lease commitments under non-cancelable operating lease agreements as of December 31, 2018 were as follows:

2019
 
$
746
 
2020
   
682
 
2021 and thereafter
   
21
 
Total
 
$
1,449
 

NOTE 8 - ENTITY-WIDE DISCLOSURE:


a.
Net revenues by geographic area were as follows:

   
Nine months ended
September 30
   
Three months ended
September 30
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2019
   
2018
 

   
     
     
     
 
United States
 
$
-
   
$
62
   
$
-
   
$
-
 
Denmark
   
308
     
205
     
-
     
205
 
Germany
   
-
     
2,468
     
-
     
660
 
Total revenues
 
$
308
   
$
2,735
   
$
-
   
$
865
 


b.
Customers exceeding 10% of revenues:

   
Nine months ended
September 30
   
Three months ended
September 30
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2019
   
2018
 
Customer A
 
$
-
   
$
2,468
   
$
-
   
$
660
 
Customer B
 
$
308
   
$
205
   
$
-
   
$
205
 


c.
Net revenues by type of payment:

   
Nine months ended
September 30
   
Three months ended
September 30
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2019
   
2018
 
Development service payments
 
$
-
   
$
62
   
$
-
   
$
-
 
Royalties
   
308
     
2,673
     
-
     
865
 
Total revenues
 
$
308
   
$
2,735
   
$
-
   
$
865
 

F - 20

FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

NOTE 9 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS:
 
On November 10, 2019, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement") with Menlo Therapeutics, Inc. ("Menlo") and Giants Merger Subsidiary Ltd. (“Merger Sub”), a direct and wholly-owned subsidiary of Menlo. Under the terms of the agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company, with the Company continuing as the surviving corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Menlo.
 
The merger will take place via a share exchange, with each Foamix ordinary share exchanged for a number of shares of Menlo common stock. At the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), each ordinary share, par value NIS 0.16 per share, of Foamix (“Foamix Shares”) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will be deemed transferred under Israeli law to Menlo in exchange for the right to receive (i) 0.5924 shares (the “Exchange Ratio”) of common stock of Menlo (“Menlo Common Stock”) and (ii) one contingent stock right (a “CSR”, which will be issued under the terms and conditions of a contingent stock rights agreement; and collectively, the “CSRs”). The Exchange Ratio will be subject to adjustment prior to the Effective Time, and the value of the CRSs will be dependent upon and may not be issued at all, based on the outcome and timing of the top-line primary endpoint results of one or both the Phase III double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials for the treatment of pruritus associated with prurigo nodularis, referenced by Protocol Numbers MTI-105 (United States) and MTI-106 (Europe).

The consummation of the Merger is subject to customary closing conditions.

 
F - 21


ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with (i) our condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and (ii) our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “project,” “will,” “would” or the negative or plural of these words or similar expressions or variations. Such forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified herein, and those referred in the section titled “Risk Factors,” set forth in Part II, Item 1A of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, and in our other SEC filings. Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. These statements, like all statements in this report, speak only as of the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q (unless another date is indicated), and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise these statements in light of future developments.

Company Overview

We are a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of innovative therapies in dermatology. Utilizing our expertise in the development of topical minocycline, we are working to develop and commercialize topical drugs for dermatological therapy, including the first topical minocycline products in the United States. On October 18, 2019, the FDA approved our first drug product, AMZEEQTM (minocycline) topical foam, 4%, formerly known as FMX101 (“AMZEEQ”), a once-daily topical antibiotic for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of non-nodular moderate to severe acne vulgaris in patients 9 years of age and older. AMZEEQ is the first topical minocycline to be approved by the FDA for any condition. We expect AMZEEQ to be available for prescribing in the first quarter of 2020.

On November 10, 2019, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with Menlo Therapeutics, Inc. (“Menlo”) and Giants Merger Subsidiary Ltd. (“Merger Sub”), a direct and wholly-owned subsidiary of Menlo. Under the terms of the agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into Foamix, with Foamix continuing as the surviving corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Menlo.

The merger will take place via a share exchange, with each Foamix ordinary share exchanged for a number of shares of Menlo common stock. At the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), each ordinary share, par value NIS 0.16 per share, of Foamix (“Foamix Shares”) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will be deemed transferred under Israeli law to Menlo in exchange for the right to receive (i) 0.5924 shares (the “Exchange Ratio”) of common stock of Menlo (“Menlo Common Stock”) and (ii) one contingent stock right (a “CSR”; and collectively, the “CSRs”) which will be subject to the terms and conditions of a contingent stock rights agreement (the “CSR Agreement”), as further described below (collectively, the “Merger Consideration”).

The Merger Consideration will be subject to adjustment prior to the Effective Time as described in paragraphs (A), (B) and (C) immediately below, in the event (i) on or before May 31, 2020 Foamix and Menlo have received in the form specified in the Merger Agreement the top-line primary endpoint results of one or both the Phase III double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials for the treatment of pruritus associated with prurigo nodularis, referenced by Protocol Numbers MTI-105 (United States) and MTI-106 (Europe) (each, a “Phase III PN Trial”) (the “Efficacy Determination”) or (ii) if the Efficacy Determination is not delivered to Foamix and Menlo on or prior to May 31, 2020.


(A)
If the Efficacy Determination reports that Serlopitant Significance (as defined in the Merger Agreement) was achieved in both Phase III PN Trials on or before May 31, 2020, then there will be no adjustment to the Exchange Ratio;
 

(B)
If the Efficacy Determination reports that (1) Serlopitant Significance was achieved in only one Phase III PN Trial on or before May 31, 2020  and (2) Serlopitant Significance was not achieved or has not been determined in each case on or before May 31, 2020 in the other Phase III PN Trial, then the Exchange Ratio will instead be 1.2739 shares of Menlo Common Stock; and
 

(C)
If the Efficacy Determination reports that Serlopitant Significance was not achieved in both Phase III PN Trials or the Efficacy Determination has not been delivered on or before May 31, 2020, then in each case the Exchange Ratio will instead be 1.8006 shares of Menlo Common Stock.
5

No fractional shares of Menlo Common Stock will be issued in the Merger, and Foamix shareholders will receive cash in lieu of fractional shares, as specified in the Merger Agreement.

In the event that the (i) the Efficacy Determination is not delivered to Menlo and Foamix on or before the Effective Time; and (ii) the Effective Time occurs prior to May 31, 2020, Menlo and a rights agent mutually acceptable to Foamix and Menlo will enter into a CSR Agreement governing the terms of the CSRs to be received by Foamix’s shareholders.  Pursuant to the CSR Agreement, each CSR will become convertible upon the occurrence of the following triggering events (and upon certain triggering events will entitle its holder to receive from Menlo a number of shares of Menlo Common Stock).


(A)
If the Efficacy Determination reports that Serlopitant Significance (as defined in the Merger Agreement) was achieved in both Phase III PN Trials on or before May 31, 2020, then each CSR will be entitled to no shares of Menlo Common Stock;
 

(B)
If the Efficacy Determination reports that (1) Serlopitant Significance was achieved in only one Phase III PN Trial on or before May 31, 2020  and (2) Serlopitant Significance was not achieved or has not been determined prior to May 31, 2020 in the other Phase III PN Trial, then each CSR will be converted into 0.6815 shares of Menlo Common Stock; and
 

(C)
If the Efficacy Determination reports that Serlopitant Significance was not achieved in both Phase III PN Trials or the Efficacy Determination has not been delivered on or before May 31, 2020, then in each CSR will be converted into 1.2082 shares of Menlo common stock

There can be no assurance that Serlopitant Significance will be achieved or not in each of the Phase III PN Trials.

No fractional shares of Menlo Common Stock will be issued upon the conversion of the CSRs, and Foamix shareholders will receive cash in lieu of fractional shares, as specified in the CSR Merger Agreement.

The CSRs are not transferable except under certain limited circumstances, will not be evidenced by a certificate or other instruments and will not be registered or listed for trading.  The CSRs will not have any voting or dividend rights and will not represent any equity or ownership interest in Menlo, Foamix or any of their affiliates.

The consummation of the Merger is subject to customary closing conditions, including (i) the approval of the Merger Agreement by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of all outstanding Foamix Shares entitled to vote thereon, (ii) the approval of the issuance of Menlo Common Stock in the Merger and pursuant to the CSR Agreement by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of all outstanding Menlo Common Stock entitled to vote thereon, (iii) the absence of any adverse law or order promulgated, entered, enforced, enacted or issued by any governmental entity that prohibits, the consummation of the Merger or the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, (iv) the shares of Menlo Common Stock to be issued in the Merger and in respect of the CSRs being approved for listing on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, (v) the expiration or termination of the waiting period under any applicable foreign antitrust, competition or similar law, (vi) the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) having declared effective the Form S-4 Registration Statement of Menlo which will contain the joint proxy statement/prospectus of the parties in connection with the Merger, (vii) subject to certain materiality exceptions, the accuracy of certain representations and warranties of each of Menlo and Foamix contained in the Merger Agreement and the compliance by each party with the covenants contained in the Merger Agreement, (viii) the absence of a material adverse effect with respect to each of Menlo and Foamix, (ix) at least fifty days having elapsed after the filing of the merger proposal with the Israeli Registrar of Companies and expiration of the thirty-day waiting period following the approval of the Merger by Foamix shareholders as referenced in (ii) above and (x) a letter from the Israel Securities Authority (“ISA”) will have been received exempting Menlo from publishing a prospectus under Israeli law in respect of the Merger Consideration (or Menlo will have received a permit from the ISA for a registration statement with respect to the dual listing of the shares of Menlo Common stock at the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange and an exemption from the requirement to publish a prospectus under Israeli law in respect of the Merger Consideration) or Menlo will publish a prospectus under Israeli law in respect of the Merger Consideration. The parties expect the Merger to be completed by the end of the first quarter or early in the second quarter of 2020.

Additionally, the Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights and associated fees and no solicitation provisions.
6


The foregoing description of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 10, 2019, by and among Menlo, Foamix, and Merger Sub, and the form of CSR Agreement, copies of which were filed as exhibits to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2019.

In October 2019, we announced that the FDA accepted our New Drug Application, or NDA, and set a target Prescription Drug User Fee ACT, or PDUFA, action date of June 2, 2020 for our late-stage drug product candidate, FMX103 (minocycline) topical foam, 1.5% (“FMX103”). FMX103 is being developed for the treatment of moderate-to-severe papulopustular rosacea in adults. In November 2018, we announced that both of our Phase III clinical trials for FMX103 (Studies FX2016-11 and FX2016-12) met each of their co-primary endpoints, demonstrating a statistically significant reduction in inflammatory lesion counts and treatment success, as assessed by Investigator’s Global Assessment, or IGA, scores, of approximately 50% from baseline. There were very few reported adverse events and no treatment-related serious adverse events observed in these Phase III clinical trials, as well as in the 40-week open label safety extension (Study FX2016-13) that was completed in February 2019. We cannot provide any assurances or predict with any certainty the schedule for which we will receive approval for FMX103, if at all.

Both AMZEEQ and FMX103 were developed using our Molecule Stabilizing Technology (MST™) vehicle, a proprietary foam platform designed to optimize the topical delivery of minocycline, an active pharmaceutical ingredient, or API, that was commercially available only in oral form until the FDA’s approval of our product AMZEEQ.

In addition, we have proprietary delivery technologies in development that enable topical delivery of other APIs, each having unique pharmacological features and characteristics designed to keep the API stable when delivered and directed to the target site. We believe our MST™ vehicle and other topical delivery platforms may offer significant advantages over alternative delivery options and are suitable for multiple application sites across a range of conditions. We are also continuing to explore potential opportunities for in-licensing or acquisitions of pipeline products at various stages of development with potential partners.

We are also seeking to enhance our longer-term commercial potential by identifying and advancing additional product candidates through our internal development efforts, our entry into potential research collaborations or in-licensing arrangements or our acquisition of additional products or technologies or product candidates that complement our current product portfolio.

We are currently developing a pipeline of other innovative product candidates to enhance our minocycline platform, including FCD105, a topical combination foam for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris, comprising minocycline 3% and adapalene 0.3%. In September 2019, we announced that the first patient was enrolled in our Phase II clinical trial (Study FX2016-40) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of FCD105We expect topline data from this Phase II clinical trial in mid-2020. Pending a successful development program, we intend to file an NDA for FCD105 under the FDA 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway, which is the same regulatory pathway we have pursued for AMZEEQ and are pursuing for FMX103.

We continue to be an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act and as modified by the JOBS Act. As such, we are eligible to, and take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies,” such as not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. We will remain an emerging growth company until December 31, 2019, the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the closing of our initial public offering. At such time, beginning with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2019, we will be subject to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which requires that our independent registered public accounting firm provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

We are also currently a “smaller reporting company,” as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  In the event we are still a smaller reporting company when we cease being an emerging growth company, we will be able to continue to take advantage of certain reduced or scaled disclosure requirements, for as long as we continue to have a smaller reporting company status.

Key Developments

Below is a summary of selected key developments affecting our business that have occurred since June 30, 2019:


On July 29, 2019, we entered into a Credit Agreement and Guaranty (the “Credit Agreement”) with Perceptive Credit Holdings II, LP (“Perceptive”), as administrative agent, and OrbiMed Royalty & Credit Opportunities III, LP (“OrbiMed”) that provides a senior secured delayed draw term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $50.0 million, or the Term Loan, for general corporate purposes. The Term Loan is comprised of three tranches: (a) $15.0 million which was available and drawn on the closing date, (b) up to $20.0 million available prior to February 29, 2020, or the Tranche 2 Loan, and (c) up to $15.0 million available prior to September 30, 2020, or the Tranche 3 Loan. We will be permitted to borrow the Tranche 2 Loan only following the FDA’s approval of AMZEEQ and listing of AMZEEQ in the FDA’s “Orange Book,” provided that, at such time, we or one of our subsidiaries has secured arrangements a third party for the commercial supply and manufacture of AMZEEQ. We will be permitted to borrow the Tranche 3 Loan only following the achievement of certain revenue targets as set forth in the Credit Agreement. Subject to any acceleration as provided in the Credit Agreement, including upon an event of default (as defined in the Credit Agreement), the credit facility will mature on July 29, 2024. As consideration for the Credit Agreement, we issued, on the closing date of the Term Loan, a warrant to purchase Ordinary Shares to each of Perceptive and OrbiMed Partners Master Fund Limited, LP, or the Warrants. The Warrants have an exercise price of $2.09 per share, which is equal to the trailing five-day volume weighted average price of our Ordinary Shares on the trading day immediately prior to the closing date.  The Warrants are exercisable for a total of 1,100,000 Ordinary Shares and have an expiration date of July 29, 2026.

7


In connection with our entry into the Credit Agreement described above, on July 29, 2019, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement, or the Purchase Agreement, with Perceptive Life Sciences Master Fund Ltd., or Perceptive Life Sciences, an affiliate of Perceptive, pursuant to which we issued and sold to Perceptive Life Sciences, in a registered offering, an aggregate of 6,542,057 of our Ordinary Shares at a purchase price of $2.14 per share, representing the closing price of our Ordinary Shares on the last trading day prior to signing of the Purchase Agreement, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $14 million, before deducting offering expenses.


On August 5, 2019, we announced that we submitted our NDA to the FDA seeking approval for FMX103 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe papulopustular rosacea in adults, which was accepted by the FDA on October 16, 2019, with a targeted PDUFA action date of June 2, 2020.


On August 19, 2019, we entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement, or the Sales Agreement, with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., or Cantor, as sales agent. Under the terms of the Sales Agreement, we may offer, issue and sell through Cantor, from time to time, Ordinary Shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $30 million.  Under the Sales Agreement, Cantor may sell our Ordinary Shares by any method permitted by law and deemed to be an “at-the-market offering”, as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on the Nasdaq, in each case pursuant to our effective registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-224084) and the related base prospectus included in such registration statement, as supplemented by the prospectus supplement dated August 19, 2019.  We are not obligated to make any sales of Ordinary Shares under the Sales Agreement, and if we elect to make any sales, we can set a minimum sale price from time to time and instruct Cantor not to sell Ordinary Shares if the sales cannot be effected at or above such designated price. The offering of Ordinary Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement will terminate upon the termination of the Sales Agreement by Cantor or us, as permitted therein. We will pay Cantor a fixed commission rate of 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from each sale of Ordinary Shares and have agreed to provide Cantor with customary indemnification and contribution rights, including for liabilities under the Securities Act.  As of November 4, 2019, we have not made any sales under the Sales Agreement.


On September 4, 2019, we announced that the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued U.S. Patent No. 10,398,641, covering a method related to the use and topical administration of certain minocycline formulations once-daily for at least seven consecutive days for the treatment of acne vulgaris within middle adolescence.  This newly issued patent, which expires in September 2037, is the latest U.S. patent to be issued to us in connection with our drug development programs, and provides additional coverage for our drug product AMZEEQ.


On September 19, 2019, we announced that the first patient had been enrolled in our Phase II clinical trial (Study FX2016-40) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of FCD105, our topical combination foam for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris, comprised of minocycline 3% and adapalene 0.3%. FCD105 combines the bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory properties of minocycline, which is a leading agent for treating inflammatory comedonal acne lesions, with the third-generation retinoid adapalene, which acts in regulating the differentiation of follicular epithelial cells and is a leading agent for treating non-inflammatory acne lesions.  Oral minocycline and other topical adapalene products are approved for use in the treatment of acne vulgaris in the United States, with the latter available in combination and as monotherapy. Our Phase II clinical trial will be conducted as a double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial at multiple sites throughout the United States and is expected to enroll approximately 400 patients aged 12 years and older with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris. Patients will be randomized to one of four groups: FCD105 foam, 0.3% adapalene foam, 3% minocycline foam or vehicle foam, and will be asked to self-apply their assigned treatment once daily for 12 weeks. The trial design follows current regulatory standards in evaluating the safety and efficacy of combination products of this type. We expect topline data from this Phase II clinical trial to be available in mid-2020.


On October 18, 2019, we received FDA approval of AMZEEQ (minocycline) topical foam, 4%, for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of non-nodular moderate to severe acne vulgaris in adults and pediatric patients 9 years of age and older. AMZEEQ, formerly known as FMX101, is the first topical minocycline to be approved by the FDA.


On October 21, 2019, we entered into a Contract Manufacturing and Supply Agreement with ASM Aerosol-Service AG, or ASM, pursuant to which ASM will exclusively manufacture and supply AMZEEQ and FMX103 for a specified price per can of product. Pursuant to the agreement, ASM has agreed to manufacture and supply all of our commercial needs for AMZEEQ and, if approved, FMX103 on an exclusive basis for a period of four years. We are not required to purchase a minimum amount of the products under the ASM agreement. In addition, ASM will not be permitted to manufacture or supply to a third party any topical product containing minocycline or minocycline hydrochloride during the term of the ASM agreement and for two years after the termination or expiration of the ASM agreement.


On October 21, 2019, we announced that, together with LEO Pharma A/S, or LEO, we entered into a settlement and license agreement with an affiliate of Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd. to resolve pending patent litigation involving Finacea® Foam (15% azelaic acid), or Finacea. Details of the settlement agreement are confidential, and the settlement agreement is subject to the review of the Federal Trade Commission and the U.S. Department of Justice.


The suspension of the manufacturing of Finacea by our partner LEO continued during the three months ended September 30, 2019 as a result of the failure of LEO’s contract manufacturer to produce the API for Finacea in compliance with the required specifications and quality. As a result, we had no revenues in the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to revenues of $0.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018. LEO has informed us that they are working diligently to address the manufacturing issue in order to be able to produce sufficient supply of the finished product to meet the demand for Finacea in the market. We do not know when the production of Finacea will resume, if at all. This supply chain issue for Finacea is unrelated to our manufacturing, production or supply of AMZEEQ, FMX103 or any of our other product candidates.

8

Revenues

To date, we have not generated any revenues from sales of AMZEEQ, FMX103 or any of our other product candidates.
We are currently engaged in pre-launch sales and marketing planning activities and other pre-commercialization efforts in order to support the commercialization of AMZEEQ in the United States. We received FDA approval for AMZEEQ on October 18, 2019 and expect to launch AMZEEQ in the United States in the first quarter of 2020. As a result, we expect to commence generating revenues from sales of AMZEEQ in the first half of 2020. We will not commercially launch FMX103 or our other product candidates in the United States or generate any revenues from sales of any of our product candidates unless and until we obtain marketing approval. Our ability to generate revenues from sales will depend on the successful commercialization of our drug product AMZEEQ, our product candidate FMX103 and any other product candidates.

As of September 30, 2019, we generated cumulative revenues of approximately $32.0 million under development and license agreements, of which approximately $18.4 million were development service payments, approximately $3.1 million were contingent payments and $10.5 million were royalty payments. We received royalty payments in relation to Finacea, the prescription foam product that we developed in collaboration with Bayer, which later assigned it to LEO. In the three months ended September 30, 2019, we did not receive or become entitled to any royalty payments due to the ongoing suspension of the manufacturing of Finacea by LEO, following inadequate supply of quality-compliant batches of the API used in such product, as described in “Key Developments” above. We may become entitled to additional contingent payments in the future, subject to achievement of the applicable clinical results by our other licensees. However, in light of the current phase of development and associated milestone schedules under these agreements, we do not expect to receive significant payments in the near term, if at all.

Cost of Revenues

There was no cost of revenues for the three or nine month periods ended September 30, 2019 as we had no revenues during these periods. There was no cost of revenues in the three months ended September 30, 2018 as the revenues consisted of royalties, which do not bear related cast of revenue.

We do not expect to incur a substantial cost of revenue until we begin serial production of AMZEEQ, at which point we expect our cost of revenues to grow along with the growth of our sales of the drug product and inventory needs.
9


Operating Expenses

Research and development expenses

Research and development activities are, and will continue to be, central to our business. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials. We expect to incur significant research and development costs in the foreseeable future assuming our pipeline products progress into clinical trials.  However, we do not believe that it is possible at this time to accurately project total program-specific expenses to reach commercialization. There are numerous factors associated with the successful commercialization of any of our product candidates, including future trial design and various regulatory requirements, many of which cannot be determined with accuracy at this time based on our stage of development. Additionally, future commercial and regulatory factors beyond our control will affect our clinical development programs and plans.

Our research and development expenses to date relate primarily to the development of AMZEEQ, FMX103 and FDC105. From January 1, 2007 until September 30, 2019, we cumulatively spent approximately $205.3 million on research and development of AMZEEQ, FMX103, FCD105 and our other product candidates. Our total research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were approximately $12.5 and $13.1 million, respectively. Our total research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were approximately $35.9 and $52.8 million, respectively. We charge all research and development expenses to operations as they are incurred.

Research and development expenses consist primarily of:
 

employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits and related expenses, including share-based compensation expenses;
 

expenses incurred under agreements with third parties, including subcontractors, suppliers and consultants that conduct regulatory activities, clinical trials and preclinical studies;
 

expenses incurred to acquire, develop and manufacture clinical trial materials;
 

facilities, depreciation and other expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities, insurance, and other operating costs;
 

other costs associated with preclinical and clinical activities and regulatory operations; and
 

materials and manufacturing costs related to commercial production.

The successful development of our product candidates is highly uncertain. While we have filed an NDA for FMX103, we cannot provide any assurances that we will receive approval from the FDA. As such, at this time, we cannot reasonably estimate or know the nature, timing and costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the remainder of the development of our technology for additional indications. This uncertainty is due to numerous risks and variables associated with developing products, including the uncertainty of:
 

the scope, rate of progress and expense of our research and development activities;
 

preclinical results;
 

clinical trial results;
 

the terms and timing of regulatory approvals; and
 

our ability to file, prosecute, obtain, maintain, defend and enforce patents and other intellectual property rights and the expense of filing, prosecuting, obtaining, maintaining, defending and enforcing patents and other intellectual property rights;

A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of our product candidates could result in a significant change in the costs and timing associated with their development. For example, if the FDA was to require us to conduct preclinical studies and clinical trials beyond those which we currently anticipate for the completion of clinical development of our product candidates, or if we experience significant delays in enrollment in any clinical trials, we could be required to expend significant additional time and financial resources on the completion of the clinical development.
10

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Our selling, general and administrative expenses consist principally of:
 

employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits and related expenses, including share-based compensation expenses;
 

costs associated with market research and business development activities in preparation for future marketing and sales, including activities intended to select the most promising product candidates for further development and commercialization;
 

legal and professional fees for auditors and other consulting expenses not related to research and development activities or to market research or business development activities;
 

cost of office space, communication and office expenses;
 

information technology expenses;
 

depreciation of tangible fixed assets related to our general and administrative activities or to our market research and business development activities; and
 

costs associated with filing, prosecuting, obtaining and maintaining patents and other intellectual property.

We expect that our selling, general and administrative expenses will increase due to our commercialization efforts for AMZEEQ and, if approved, FMX103, including the expected hiring of sales representatives and additional employees focused on sales, marketing, business development and related infrastructure. Our total selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were approximately $10.7 and $3.3 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were approximately $22.9 and $10.0 million, respectively.

Our ability to successfully commercialize AMZEEQ and, if approved, FMX103, is highly uncertain and depends on a number of factors, including market adoption of our products or product candidates by physicians and patients, market access uncertainty, our ability to scale to the market opportunity and the existence of existing and future products that may compete with ours. As such, at this time, we cannot reasonably estimate or know the nature, timing and costs of the efforts that will be necessary for successful commercialization of AMZEEQ or, if approved FMX103.

Financial Income, net

Financial income, net consists primarily of gains from interest earned from our bank deposits and financial income on our marketable securities offset by interest expenses on our long-term debt.

Taxes on Income

We have yet to generate taxable income in Israel, as we have historically incurred operating losses resulting in carry forward tax losses totaling approximately $146.7 million as of December 31, 2018. During 2018, we incurred a carry forward tax loss in our U.S. subsidiary, Foamix Pharmaceuticals Inc., of $0.4 million. We anticipate that we will be able to carry forward these tax losses to future tax years. Accordingly, we do not expect to pay taxes in the applicable jurisdiction until we have taxable income after the full utilization of our carry-forward tax losses in that jurisdiction. We provided a full valuation allowance with respect to the deferred tax assets related to these carry-forward losses.

Comparison of the Three-Month Periods Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

Revenues

We had no revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to revenues of $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2019 is due to the ongoing failure of LEO’s contract manufacturer to produce the API for Finacea in compliance with the required specifications and quality. The lack of supply of Finacea resulted in no royalty revenues from the sale of Finacea for the three months ended September 30, 2019. LEO has informed us that they are working diligently to address the issue in order to be able to produce supply of the finished product. This supply chain issue for Finacea is not related to the manufacturing, production or supply of any of our other products or product candidates, including AMZEEQ and FMX103.

Cost of revenues

There was no cost of revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as we had no revenues during this period. During the three months ended September 30, 2018 our revenues consisted entirely of royalties, which bear no related cost of revenue.

Research and development expenses

Our research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 were $12.5 million, representing a decrease of $0.6 million, or 4.6%, compared to $13.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in research and development expenses resulted primarily from a decrease of $5.0 million in clinical trial expenses due to the completion of AMZEEQ and FMX103 clinical trials, offset by an increase of $2.6 million in payment related to the submission of our NDA for FMX103, an increase of $0.8 million in payroll and payroll-related expenses due to an increase in headcount and salaries and $0.7 million increase in consulting expenses.
11

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Our selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 were $10.7 million, representing an increase of $7.4 million, or 224.2%, compared to $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses resulted primarily from an increase of $6.4 million in advisors and consulting expenses in connection with the pre-commercialization activities and an increase of $0.8 million in payroll and payroll-related expenses due to an increase in headcount.

Operating loss

Our operating loss for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $23.2 million, compared to an operating loss of $15.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, representing an increase of $7.6 million, or 48.8%. The increase is primarily due to an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Finance income

In the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, our financial income included mostly gains from marketable securities and interest earned on our bank deposits, which were offset by interest expenses on our long-term debt.

Finance expenses (income) by cash and non-cash components are as follows:

   
Three months ended September 30,
 
   
2019
   
2018
 
   
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
 
Interest on bank deposits
 
$
(154
)
 
$
(51
)
Gain from marketable securities, net
   
(227
)
   
(107
)
Total income
   
(381
)
   
(158
)
Less:
               
Other expenses
   
6
     
4
 
Interest and finance expenses on long-term debt
   
329
     
-
 
Non-cash foreign exchange loss, net
   
8
     
35
 
Total expenses
   
343
     
39
 
Finance income, net
 
$
(38
)
 
$
(119
)

Taxes on income

During the three month ended September 30, 2019 we had no tax expenses, as compared to expenses of $13,000 during the three months period September 30, 2018.

Net Loss

Our net loss for the three months  ended September 30, 2019 was $23.2 million, as compared to $15.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, representing an increase of $7.7 million, or 49.6%. The increase was primarily due to an increase in expenses for pre-commercialization activities.

Comparison of the Nine-Month Periods Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

Revenues

Our total revenues decreased by $2.4 million, or 89%, to $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is due to the ongoing failure of LEO’s contract manufacturer to produce the API for Finacea in compliance with the required specifications and quality. LEO has informed us that they are working diligently to address the issue in order to be able to produce supply of the finished product. This supply chain issue for Finacea is not related to the manufacturing, production or supply of any of our other products or product candidates, including AMZEEQ and FMX103.
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Cost of revenues

There was no cost of revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, as revenues consisted almost entirely of royalties, which bear no related cost of revenue.

Research and development expenses

Our research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $35.9 million, representing a decrease of $16.9 million, or 32.0%, compared to $52.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in research and development expenses resulted primarily from a decrease of $24.3 million in clinical trial expenses due to the completion of AMZEEQ and FMX103 clinical trials, offset by an increase of $2.6 million in payments related to the submission of our NDA for FMX103, an increase of $1.8 million in payroll and payroll-related expenses due to an increase in headcount and salaries and a $2.3 million increase in consulting expenses.

Research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 included expenses related to materials, in the amount of $1.5 million, purchased for the manufacturing of AMZEEQ. Following FDA approval of AMZEEQ on October 18, 2019, all future materials purchased for commercial manufacturing will be capitalized as inventory.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Our selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $22.9 million, representing an increase of $12.9 million, or 129.0%, compared to $10.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses resulted primarily from an increase of $10.4 million in advisors and consulting expenses mostly relating to the pre-commercialization activities and an increase of $2.3 million in payroll and payroll-related expenses due to increase in headcount.

Operating loss

Our operating loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $58.4 million, compared to an operating loss of $60.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, representing a decrease of $1.7 million, or 2.8%.

Finance income

In the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, our financial income included mostly gains from marketable securities and interest earned on our bank deposits, which we offset by finance expenses on our long-term debt.

Finance expenses (income) by cash and non-cash components are as follows:

   
Nine months ended September 30,
 
   
2019
   
2018
 
   
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
 
Interest on bank deposits
 
$
(495
)
 
$
(205
)
Gain from marketable securities, net
   
(890
)
   
(326
)
Total income
   
(1,385
)
   
(531
)
Less:
               
Other expenses
   
15
     
13
 
Interest and finance expenses on long-term debt
   
329
     
-
 
Non-cash foreign exchange loss, net
   
133
     
47
 
Total expenses
   
477
     
60
 
Finance income, net
 
$
(908
)
 
$
(471
)

Taxes on income

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we incurred tax income of $0.2 million and tax expenses of $0.5 million, respectively. The tax income recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 related to the reversal of a provision for uncertain tax positions.

Net Loss

Our net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $57.4 million, compared to $60.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, representing a decrease of $2.7 million, or 4.5%. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease in research and development costs related to clinical trials of AMZEEQ and FMX103.
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Sources of liquidity

Since inception, we have incurred losses from operations and negative cash flows from our operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we incurred a net loss of $57.4 million, which included $51.1 million used for operating activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we incurred a net loss of $60.1 million, which included $57.8 million used for operating activities.

As of September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, we had a working capital surplus of $63.2 million and $103.0 million, respectively, and an accumulated deficit of $272.8 million and $201.3 million, respectively.

Our principal source of liquidity as of September 30, 2019 consisted of cash and investments of $75.7 million.

On July 29, 2019, we entered into a Credit Agreement with several parties including Perceptive as administrative agent that provides us with a senior secured delayed draw term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $50.0 million in several tranches, and subject to our achievement of certain conditions, milestones and revenue targets. For further details, see “Key Developments” above.

In connection with the Credit Agreement, on July 29, 2019, we entered into the Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which we issued and sold to Perceptive Life Sciences, in a registered offering, an aggregate of 6,542,057 of our Ordinary Shares at a purchase price of $2.14 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $14 million, before deducting offering expenses. For further details, see “Key Developments” above.

On August 19, 2019, we entered into the Sales Agreement with Cantor as sales agent, that provides us with a right to offer, issues and sell through Cantor, from time to time, Ordinary Shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $30.0 million. We are not obligated to make any sales of Ordinary Shares under the Sales Agreement, and if we elect to make any sales, we can set a minimum sale price for the Ordinary Shares from time to time and instruct Cantor not to sell Ordinary Shares if the sales cannot be effected at or above such designated price. For further details, see “Key Developments” above.

We anticipate that with our existing cash and investments, along with funds that we may be entitled to receive under the Credit Agreement and our 2020 estimated revenues , will be able to fund our planned operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the first quarter of 2021. These planned expenses include: (a) commercialization and launch of AMZEEQ, (b) pre-commercialization and launch preparations for FMX103, assuming we receive regulatory approval, (c) certain pipeline development activities, and (d) other general corporate expenses. We expect we will need additional funding to support our operating expenses and capital requirements during the first quarter of 2021 and beyond, including with regard to the commercialization of any of our other product candidates if they are granted regulatory approval, and to fund our internal and external research and development efforts. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our capital resources sooner than we currently expect.

Capital Resources

Overview

To date, we have financed our operations through private and public placements of our Ordinary Shares, debt, warrants and through fees, cost reimbursements and royalties received from our licensees.

From inception through September 30, 2019, we have received net cash proceeds of approximately $308.1 million from the issuance of Ordinary Shares, preferred shares, exercise of options and warrants and from convertible loans.

Cash flows

The following table summarizes our statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

   
Nine months ended September 30,
 
   
2019
   
2018
 
   
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
 
Net cash (used in) / provided by:
           
Operating activities
 
$
(51,148
)
 
$
(57,766
)
Investing activities
   
35,835
     
37,345
 
Financing activities
 
$
27,954
   
$
92,362
 

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Net cash used in operating activities

The use of cash in all periods resulted primarily from our net losses adjusted for non-cash charges and measurements and changes in components of working capital. Adjustments to net income for non-cash items mainly include depreciation and amortization and share-based compensation.

Net cash used in operating activities was $51.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $57.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was attributable to the decrease in activity related to conducting clinical trials.

Net cash provided by investing activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $35.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $37.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was attributable primarily to a decrease in proceeds from the sale and maturity of marketable securities and bank deposits.

Net cash provided by financing activities

There was $28.0 million provided by financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $92.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was attributable to the fact that the total funds raised during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 under the Credit Agreement and the Purchase Agreement amounted to less than the total funds raised under our April 2018 and September 2018 offerings.

Cash and funding sources

The table below summarizes our main sources of financing for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

   
Proceeds from our public offerings(1)
   
Proceeds from debt financing and issuance of warrant (1)
   
Proceeds from issuance of Ordinary Shares
   
Payments from licensees
   
Total
 
   
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
 
September 30, 2019
 
$
13,714
   
$
14,196
   
$
54
   
$
1,374
   
$
29,338
 
September 30, 2018
 
$
91,479
   
$
-
   
$
883
   
$
2,797
   
$
95,159
 
___________________________
(1) Net of issuance costs.

Our sources of financing in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 amounted to a total of approximately $29.3 million and consisted primarily of $14.2 million of net proceeds from the first tranche of the Term Loan, $13.7 million of net proceeds from the registered offering under the Purchase Agreement and $1.4 million of payments from licensees.

Our sources of financing in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 amounted to a total of approximately $95.2 million and consisted primarily of $16.1 million of net proceeds from our August 2018 registered direct offering, $75.3 million of net proceeds from our September 2018 follow-on offering, and $2.8 million of payments from licensees.

We have no ongoing material financial commitments (such as lines of credit) that may affect our liquidity over the next five years other than our commitments under the Credit Agreement.

Funding requirements

We anticipate that with our existing cash and investments, along with funds that we may be entitled to receive under the Credit Agreement and our 2020 estimated revenues, will be able to fund our planned operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the first quarter of 2021. These planned expenses include: (a) commercialization and launch preparations for AMZEEQ, (b) pre-commercialization and launch preparations for FMX103, assuming we receive regulatory approval, (c) certain pipeline development activities, and (d) other general corporate expenses. We expect we will need additional funding to support our operating expenses and capital requirements during the first quarter of 2021 and beyond, including with regard to the commercialization of our product candidates and to fund our internal and external research and development efforts. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our capital resources sooner than we currently expect.
15


Our present and future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including, inter alia:
 

selling, marketing and patent-related activities undertaken in connection with the anticipated commercialization of AMZEEQ, FMX103 and any other product candidates, as well as costs involved in the development of an effective sales and marketing organization;
 

the progress, timing and completion of preclinical testing and clinical trials for pipeline product candidates;
 

the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for FMX103 and our other pipeline product candidates and any delays we may encounter as a result of evolving regulatory requirements or adverse results with respect to any of these products;
 

the efforts necessary to institute post-approval regulatory compliance requirements for AMZEEQ;
 

the number of potential new products we identify and decide to develop;
 

the costs involved in filing and prosecuting patent applications and obtaining, maintaining and enforcing patents or defending against claims or infringements raised by third parties, and license royalties or other amounts we may be required to pay to obtain rights to third party intellectual property rights; and
 

the amount of revenues, if any, we may derive either directly or in the form of royalty payments from future sales of our drug product AMZEEQ, our product candidate FMX103 and any other pipeline product that is commercialized.

Our operating plan may change as a result of many factors currently unknown to us, and any such change may affect our funding requirements. We have never before, as an organization, launched a product commercially, and the costs involved in such commercial launch may exceed our expectations. We may therefore need to seek additional capital sooner than planned, through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, such as strategic collaborations or additional license arrangements. Such financings may result in dilution to shareholders, imposition of debt covenants and repayment obligations or other restrictions that may affect our business.

For more information as to the risks associated with our future funding needs, see “Part II, Item 1A—Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—We will require substantial additional financing to achieve our goals, and a failure to obtain this necessary capital when needed on acceptable terms, or at all, could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development, other operations or commercialization efforts” included herein.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2019, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of consolidated financial statements also requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made by our management. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected.

While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2–“Significant Accounting Policies,” to the consolidated financial statements included in “Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019, and in Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” in the accompanying notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, we believe that the following accounting policies are the most critical to assist shareholders and investors reading the consolidated financial statements in fully understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations. These policies relate to the more significant areas involving management’s judgments and estimates and they require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.
16

Clinical trial accruals

Clinical trial costs are charged to research and development expense as incurred. We accrue for expenses resulting from obligations under contracts with clinical research organizations, or CROs. The financial terms of these contracts are subject to negotiations, which vary from contract to contract and may result in payment flows that do not match the periods over which materials or services are provided. Our objective is to reflect the appropriate trial expense in the consolidated financial statements by matching the appropriate expenses with the period in which services and efforts are expended. In the event advance payments are made to a CRO, the payments will be recorded as other assets, which will be recognized as expenses as services are rendered. The CRO contracts generally include pass-through fees including, but not limited to, regulatory expenses, investigator fees, travel costs and other miscellaneous costs. We estimate our clinical accruals based on reports from and discussion with clinical personnel and the CRO as to the progress or state of completion of the trials. We estimate accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date in the consolidated financial statements based on the facts and circumstances known at that time. Our clinical trial accrual is dependent, in part, upon the receipt of timely and accurate reporting from the CROs.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of certain recently issued accounting pronouncements, refer to Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” in the accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

As a “smaller reporting company,” as defined by Item 10 of Regulation S-K, we are not required to provide quantitative or qualitative disclosures about market risk.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to company management, including its chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act and regulations promulgated thereunder) as of September 30, 2019. Based on such evaluation, management has concluded that, as of September 30, 2019, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in litigation or other legal proceedings relating to claims that we consider to be arising from the ordinary course of our business. There are currently no claims or actions pending against us that, in the opinion of our management, are likely to have a material effect on our business.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

In conducting our business, we face many risks that may interfere with our business objectives. Some of these risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In particular, we are subject to various risks resulting from changing economic, political, industry, business and financial conditions. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face.

You should carefully consider the following factors and other information in this Quarterly Report. If any of the negative events referred to below occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could suffer. In any such case, the trading price of our ordinary shares could decline.
17

Risks Related to the Merger

The consummation of the merger with Menlo is contingent upon the satisfaction of a number of conditions, including certain conditions that are outside of our control. As a result, one or more conditions to closing of the merger may not be satisfied and the merger may not be completed.

We cannot provide any assurance that the merger will be completed or that there will not be a delay in the completion of the merger. The ability to consummate the merger is subject to risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks that the conditions to the merger are not satisfied, or if possible, waived, including, among others, (a) the approval of our shareholders of the merger; (b) the approval of the shareholders of Menlo of the issuance of Menlo common stock; (c) the effectiveness of the registration statement relating to the Menlo common stock to be issued in the merger; and (d) the absence of governmental restraints or prohibitions preventing the consummation of the merger. Neither we nor Menlo can predict whether and when these other conditions will be satisfied.

If the merger is not completed for any reason, we may be subjected to a number of material risks. The price of our ordinary shares may decline to the extent that the current market price reflects a market assumption that the merger will be completed. In addition, some costs related to the merger must be paid by us whether or not the merger is completed. Furthermore, we may experience negative reactions from our shareholders and/or employees.

The Merger Agreement contains provisions that restrict our ability to pursue alternatives to the merger and, in specified circumstances, could require us to pay Menlo a termination fee of up to $3.7 million.

Under the Merger Agreement, we are restricted, subject to certain exceptions, from soliciting, initiating, knowingly encouraging, facilitating, discussing or negotiating, or furnishing information with regard to, any inquiry, proposal or offer for an alternative transaction from any person or entity. The Merger Agreement further provides that, upon termination of the Merger Agreement under specified circumstances, including termination of the Merger Agreement by (i) Menlo after a change in the recommendation of our Board of Directors, (ii) us, to accept and enter into a binding agreement to be acquired by a third party who submitted a superior proposal (subject to the terms and conditions of the merger) or (iii) (A) if a takeover proposal is made for us and is publicly known and is not withdrawn at the time of our shareholders’ meeting, (B) the merger agreement is terminated due to the failure of our shareholders to approve the merger or by Menlo due to a material breach of the Merger Agreement by us (including the “no solicitation” provisions) and (C) we enter into or consummate an alternative transaction within 12 months following such date of termination, we may be required to pay Menlo a termination fee equal to $3.7 million in cash.

There can be no assurance that the expected benefits of the merger will occur or be fully or timely realized.

The success of the merger will depend, in part, on the ability of us and Menlo to successfully integrate the businesses of Foamix and Menlo. If we and Menlo are not able to successfully combine the businesses of Foamix and Menlo in an efficient and effective manner, the anticipated benefits, synergies, operational efficiencies and cost savings may not be realized fully or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected, and the share price, revenues, levels of expenses and results of operations of Menlo may be adversely affected.
 
The combination of two independent businesses is a complex, costly and time consuming process, and the management of Menlo may face significant challenges in implementing such integration, including, without limitation:
 

diversion of management's attention from ongoing business concerns and performance shortfalls at one or both of Foamix and Menlo as a result of the devotion of management's attention to the merger;
 

difficulties in achieving anticipated cost savings, synergies, business opportunities and growth prospects;
 

challenges of managing a larger post-merger company addressing differences in business culture and retaining key personnel;
 

conforming standards, controls, procedures and accounting and other policies and compensation structures between Foamix and Menlo; and


coordinating geographically separate organizations.
 
Many of these factors will be outside of the control of us or Menlo and any one of them could result in increased costs and diversion of management's time and energy, as well as decreases in the amount of expected revenues which could materially impact our and Menlo’s business, financial conditions and results of operations. In addition, the actual integration may result in additional and unforeseen expenses, and the anticipated benefits of the integration plan may not be realized. Actual growth and cost savings, if achieved, may be lower and may take longer to achieve than anticipated. Difficulties in the integration process and other disruptions resulting from the merger could adversely affect Menlo’s relationships with employees, distributors and other persons with whom we or Menlo has a business relationship.
 
18

Our shareholders cannot be sure of the value of the consideration they will receive in the merger or of the ownership or voting interest they will have in Menlo. Additionally, our shareholders will receive common stock of Menlo as a result of the merger, which has rights different from our ordinary shares.

Because the market price of Menlo common stock and Foamix ordinary shares will fluctuate, our shareholders cannot be sure of the value of the consideration they will receive in the merger. In addition, because the exchange ratio is fixed, the number of shares of Menlo common stock to be received by holders of our ordinary shares in the merger will not change between now and the time the merger is completed to reflect changes in the trading prices of our ordinary shares or Menlo common stock. Stock price changes may result from a variety of factors, including general market and economic conditions, operations and prospects of us and Menlo and an evolving regulatory landscape. Market assessments of the benefits of the merger and the likelihood that the merger will be consummated, as well as general and industry specific market and economic conditions, may also impact market prices of our ordinary shares and Menlo common stock. Many of these factors are beyond our and Menlo's control.

In addition, in connection with the merger, our shareholders may receive contingent stock rights, if the Efficacy Determination is not received prior to the closing of the Merger and prior to May 31, 2020. If the contingent stock rights become convertible pursuant to the contingent stock rights agreement (or the Efficacy Determination is received prior to the closing of the merger and prior to May 31, 2020), our shareholders will receive additional shares of Menlo common stock as consideration in connection with the merger. The value of any contingent stock right depends on the trading price of Menlo common stock on the date of conversion. Additionally, if the contingent stock rights become convertible pursuant to the contingent stock rights agreement, our shareholders will obtain increased ownership and voting interest in Menlo. The contingent stock rights may not become convertible.  Because the Efficacy Determination may not be received by the time our shareholders vote on the Merger, or by the time we consummate the Merger, our shareholders may not know, at the time of voting or at the time of closing, whether they will get additional shares of Menlo Common Stock in the Merger as a result of the Efficacy Determination.

Upon completion of the merger, the rights of our shareholders will be governed by the articles of incorporation and by-laws of Menlo. The rights associated with our ordinary shares are different from the rights are associated with Menlo common stock. In addition, the laws of Delaware differ from the laws in effect in Israel and may afford less or different rights and protections to holders of securities in Menlo.

We will be subject to business uncertainties and contractual restrictions until the merger is consummated.

Uncertainty about the effect of the merger on employees, distributors and other persons with whom we have a business relationship as well as regulatory permits, licenses, and other contracts, particularly for which the merger could be deemed a "change-in-control" under the applicable terms and conditions, may have an adverse effect on us and consequently on Menlo. These uncertainties may impair our ability to attract, retain and motivate key personnel until the consummation of the merger and for a period of time thereafter, and could cause others that deal with the parties to delay or defer certain business decisions or decide to terminate, modify or renegotiate their relationships with us, decide not to conduct business with us or take other actions as a result of the merger, which could negatively affect Menlo and/or our revenues, earnings and cash flows, as well as the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of whether the merger is consummated. Retention of employees could be challenging during the pendency of the merger due to uncertainty about their future roles. If key employees depart because of issues related to the uncertainty and difficulty of integration or a desire not to remain with the businesses, Menlo's business following the consummation of the merger could be negatively impacted.

In addition, the Merger Agreement restricts us, without the consent of Menlo, from amending our organizational documents, declaring or paying dividends, repurchasing securities, issuing securities, incurring debt outside of certain agreed exceptions, making loans, disposing of any material assets, leasing property, settling any litigation, making capital expenditures over a specified threshold and taking other specified actions until the earlier of the completion of the merger or the termination of the Merger Agreement. These restrictions may prevent or delay pursuit of strategic corporate or business opportunities that may arise prior to the consummation of the merger and may impair our ability to attract, retain and motivate key personnel. Adverse effects arising during the pendency of the merger could be exacerbated by any delays in consummation of the merger or termination of the Merger Agreement.

We and Menlo will incur substantial transaction fees and costs in connection with the merger.

We and Menlo expect to incur a number of non-recurring transaction-related costs associated with completing the merger, combining the operations of the two organizations and achieving desired synergies. These fees and costs will be substantial. Non-recurring transaction costs include, but are not limited to, fees paid to legal, financial and accounting advisors, retention, severance and other integration-related costs, filing fees and printing costs. Additional unanticipated costs may be incurred in the integration of our business and Menlo’s business. There can be no assurance that the elimination of certain duplicative costs, as well as the realization of other efficiencies related to the integration of the two businesses, will offset the incremental transaction-related costs over time. Thus, any net benefit may not be achieved in the near term, the long term or at all.
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Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We are largely dependent on the success of our drug product, AMZEEQ for the treatment of acne, and our product candidate FMX103 for the treatment of rosacea.

We have invested a majority of our efforts and financial resources in the research and development of AMZEEQ for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne, which received approval from the FDA, on October 18, 2019 for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of non-nodular moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris in patients nine years of age and older, and FMX103 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe papulopustular rosacea in adults, for which we submitted an NDA, that was accepted by the FDA in October 2019. We plan to dedicate our resources toward (i) commercialization efforts for AMZEEQ; (ii) pre-commercialization efforts for FMX103 in anticipation of potential FDA approval; and (iii) advancing our pipeline candidates. The success of our business depends largely on our ability to successfully commercialize AMZEEQ and to obtain regulatory approval for and successfully commercialize FMX103 in a timely manner. If we fail to do so, we may not be able to obtain adequate funding to continue to operate our business.

We have limited commercial sales experience, which makes it difficult to evaluate our current business, predict our future prospects and forecast our financial performance and growth.

To date, we have not generated any revenues from the sale of our drug products. Our lead product, AMZEEQ, was approved by the FDA in October 2019 but is not yet commercially available. We plan to launch AMZEEQ in the first quarter of 2020, but there is no assurance that launch will occur on the timing we anticipate, and we may encounter delays or hurdles related to our launch that affect that timing. Successful commercialization of AMZEEQ or any future products is subject to many risks. Although many of our employees have launched and commercialized products during their employment at other organizations, Foamix has not, as an organization, launched or commercialized a product, and there is no guarantee that we will be able to do so successfully with AMZEEQ or any of our product candidates.

We are currently building our commercial team and hiring our U.S. sales force, and therefore, we will need to train and further develop the team and any new hires in order to successfully coordinate the launch and commercialization of AMZEEQ and, if approved, any of our product candidates. Even if we are successful in building out our commercial team, there are many factors that could cause the launch and commercialization of AMZEEQ or any future products to be unsuccessful, including a number of factors that are outside our control. The commercial success of AMZEEQ depends on, among other things, the extent to which patients and physicians accept and adopt AMZEEQ. For example, if the expected patient population is smaller than we estimate or if physicians are unwilling to prescribe or patients are unwilling to take AMZEEQ, the commercial potential of AMZEEQ will be limited. In addition, we also do not know how physicians, patients and payors will respond to the pricing of AMZEEQ. Thus, significant uncertainty remains regarding the commercial potential of AMZEEQ. Moreover, our ability to effectively generate revenues from AMZEEQ will depend on our ability to, among other things:


achieve and maintain compliance with regulatory and other requirements;
 

create market demand for and achieve market acceptance of AMZEEQ through our marketing and sales activities and other arrangements established for the promotion of AMZEEQ;
 

compete with other acne treatments (either in the present or in the future);
 

train, deploy and support a qualified sales force;
 

maintain  and obtain agreements with third-party manufacturers that can produce commercial supplies of AMZEEQ at a scale sufficient to meet our anticipated demand and on terms acceptable to us and that can develop, validate and maintain commercially viable manufacturing processes that are compliant with current Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations, including our exclusive agreement with ASM for the supply of the finished product of AMZEEQ and our third party agreements with the suppliers of AMZEEQ’s active pharmaceutical ingredient, or API;
 

implement and maintain agreements with wholesalers, distributors and group purchasing organizations on commercially reasonable terms;
 

ensure that our entire supply chain efficiently and consistently delivers AMZEEQ to our customers;
 

receive coverage and adequate reimbursement for AMZEEQ from commercial health plans and governmental health programs;
 

successfully educate physicians and patients about the benefits, risks, administration and use of AMZEEQ;
 

obtain acceptance of AMZEEQ as safe and effective by patients and the medical community;
 

receive positive publicity related to AMZEEQ relative to the publicity related to our competitors’ products; and
 

maintain and defend our patent protection and obtain regulatory exclusivity for AMZEEQ and our other product candidates.
 
Any disruption in our ability to generate revenues from the sale of AMZEEQ will have a material and adverse impact on our results of operations.
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We are currently building our sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, and if we are unable to expand such capabilities, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.

In order to successfully market AMZEEQ, we must continue to build and develop our sales, marketing, distribution, managerial, compliance, and related capabilities or make arrangements with third parties to perform these services. If we are unable to establish adequate sales, marketing, and distribution capabilities, whether independently or with third parties, we may not be able to appropriately commercialize AMZEEQ and may not become profitable.

Included in our strategy in the United States is the establishment of a specialized internal sales force to commercialize AMZEEQ, and we will need to conduct further activities to build and develop our sales force. These efforts will continue to be expensive and time-consuming, and we cannot be certain that we will be able to successfully develop this capability. AMZEEQ is a newly-marketed drug and, therefore, none of the members of our sales force has ever promoted AMZEEQ prior to its commercial launch. In addition, we must train our sales force to ensure that a consistent and appropriate message about AMZEEQ is being delivered to our potential customers. If we are unable to effectively train our sales force and equip them with effective materials, including medical and sales literature to help them inform and educate potential customers about the benefits of AMZEEQ and its proper administration, our efforts to successfully commercialize AMZEEQ could be harmed, which would negatively impact our ability to generate product revenue.

Additionally, even after initial development of our sales force and the commercial launch of AMZEEQ, we will need to maintain and further develop our sales force, and we will be competing with other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel. In the event we are unable to effectively develop and maintain our commercial team, including our U.S. sales force, our ability to effectively commercialize AMZEEQ would be limited, and we would not be able to generate product revenues successfully. There are risks involved both with establishing our own sales and marketing capabilities and with entering into arrangements with third parties to perform these services. For example, any efforts to develop a sales and marketing organization would be subject to numerous risks, including, but not limited to, the following:


recruiting and training a sales force is expensive and time consuming and could delay our product launch;
 

we may be unable to recruit, retain or motivate adequate numbers of effective and qualified sales and marketing personnel;
 

we may be unable to provide adequate training to sales and marketing personnel;
 

our sales personnel may be unable to obtain access to physicians or convince adequate numbers of physicians to prescribe AMZEEQ;
 

there may be unforeseen costs and expenses associated with creating an independent sales and marketing organization; and
 

we may incur significant unexpected expenses if the commercial launch of AMZEEQ is delayed or does not occur for any reason.
 
If we do not establish sales, marketing and distribution capabilities successfully, either on our own or in collaboration with third parties, we will not be successful in commercializing our proposed products.
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We have not obtained regulatory approvals to market FMX103 or our pipeline product candidates, and we may be delayed in obtaining or fail to obtain such regulatory approvals and to commercialize these product candidates.

The process of developing, obtaining regulatory approval for and commercializing FMX103 and our other product candidates is long, complex, costly and uncertain, and delays or failure can occur at any stage. Furthermore, the research, testing, manufacturing, labeling, marketing, sale and distribution of drugs are subject to extensive and rigorous regulation by the FDA. We are not permitted to market any of our product candidates in the United States until we receive approval of the applicable NDA from the FDA. To gain approval of an NDA or other equivalent regulatory approval, we must provide the FDA with clinical data that demonstrates the continued safety and efficacy of the product for the intended indication.

While we have received FDA approval to market AMZEEQ, we have not received formal regulatory clearance to market FMX103 from the FDA. Our other product candidates are at earlier stages of development and therefore subject to similar or even greater uncertainty and risk than FMX103.

Although we received positive Phase III clinical trial results for FMX103, the results of those clinical trials may be unsatisfactory to the FDA even if we believe those clinical trials were successful. The FDA may require that we conduct additional clinical, nonclinical, manufacturing, validation or drug product quality studies and submit that data before considering or reconsidering any NDA we may submit. Depending on the extent of these additional studies, approval of any applications that we submit may be significantly delayed or may require us to expend more resources than we have available. It is also possible that additional studies we conduct may not be considered sufficient by the FDA to provide regulatory approval.

If any of these outcomes occur, we would not receive approval for FMX103 or our other product candidates and may be forced to cease operations.

Changes in funding for the FDA, the SEC and other government agencies could hinder their ability to hire and retain key leadership and other personnel, prevent new products and services from being developed or commercialized in a timely manner or otherwise prevent those agencies from performing normal functions on which the operation of our business may rely, which could negatively impact our business.
 
The ability of the FDA to review and approve new products can be affected by a variety of factors, including government budget and funding levels, ability to hire and retain key personnel and accept payment of user fees, and statutory, regulatory, and policy changes. Average review times at the agency have fluctuated in recent years as a result. In addition, government funding of the SEC and other government agencies on which our operations may rely, including those that fund research and development activities is subject to the political process, which is inherently fluid and unpredictable.

Disruptions at the FDA and other agencies may also slow the time necessary for new drugs to be reviewed and/or approved by necessary government agencies, which would adversely affect our business. For example, over the last several years, including beginning on December 22, 2018, the U.S. government has shut down several times and certain regulatory agencies, such as the FDA and the SEC, have had to furlough critical FDA, SEC and other government employees and stop critical activities. If a prolonged government shutdown occurs, it could significantly impact the ability of the FDA to timely review and process our regulatory submissions including our NDA which was accepted in October 2019 seeking approval for our product candidate FMX103 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe papulopustular rosacea in adults, and such delays could have a material adverse effect on our business. Further, future government shutdowns could impact our ability to access the public markets and obtain necessary capital in order to properly capitalize and continue our operations.

If the FDA does not conclude that FMX103 satisfies the requirements under Section 505(b)(2) of the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetics Act, or Section 505(b)(2), or if the requirements for FMX103 under Section 505(b)(2) are not as we expect, the approval pathway will likely take significantly longer, cost significantly more and entail significantly greater complications and risks than anticipated, and in either case may not be successful.
 
We have submitted an NDA for FMX103 under the FDA’s 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway. The Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, also known as the Hatch-Waxman Act, added Section 505(b)(2) to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA. Section 505(b)(2) permits the filing of an NDA where at least some of the information required for approval comes from studies that were not conducted by or for the applicant, and for which the applicant has not received a right of reference, which could expedite the development program for FMX103 by potentially decreasing the amount of clinical data that we would need to generate in order to obtain FDA approval. If the FDA does not allow us to pursue the Section 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway, we may need to conduct additional clinical trials, provide additional data and information, and meet additional standards for regulatory approval. If this were to occur, the time and financial resources required to obtain FDA approval for FMX103, and complications and risks associated with this product candidate, would likely increase significantly. Moreover, inability to pursue the Section 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway could result in new competitive products reaching the market more quickly than our product candidate, which would likely harm our competitive position and prospects. Even if we are allowed to pursue the Section 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway, our product candidate may not receive the requisite approvals for commercialization.
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In addition, notwithstanding the approval of AMZEEQ and certain other products by the FDA under Section 505(b)(2) over the last few years, certain competitors and others have objected to the FDA’s interpretation of Section 505(b)(2). If the FDA’s interpretation of Section 505(b)(2) is successfully challenged, the FDA may be required to change its 505(b)(2) policies and practices, which could delay or even prevent the FDA from approving any NDA that we submit under Section 505(b)(2). In addition, the pharmaceutical industry is highly competitive, and Section 505(b)(2) NDAs are subject to special requirements designed to protect the patent rights of sponsors of previously approved drugs that are referenced in a Section 505(b)(2) NDA and we may be required to certify against patents listed in the FDA’s Orange Book. These requirements may give rise to patent litigation and mandatory delays in approval of our NDAs for up to 30 months depending on the outcome of any litigation. It is not uncommon for a manufacturer of an approved product to file a citizen petition with the FDA seeking to delay approval of, or impose additional approval requirements for, pending competing products. If successful, such petitions can significantly delay, or even prevent, the approval of the new product. However, even if the FDA ultimately denies such a petition, the FDA may substantially delay approval while it considers and responds to the petition. In addition, even if we are able to utilize the Section 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway for FMX103, there is no guarantee this would ultimately lead to faster product development or earlier approval.

Moreover, even if FMX103 is approved under Section 505(b)(2), the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed or to other conditions of approval, or may contain requirements for costly post-marketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the products.

We may not receive market exclusivity for our product candidates under the Hatch-Waxman Act since our lead product candidates are based on an “old antibiotic” and therefore potential competitors may develop generic versions of our product(s) after launch that, if approved, could compete directly with our product(s) sooner than we expect.
 
Statutory exclusivity provides the holder of an approved NDA limited protection from new competition in the marketplace for the innovation represented by its approved drug product and precludes approval of certain 505(b)(2) applications and ANDAs, including for a generic version of the drug product, for prescribed periods of time. During the exclusivity period, the FDA may not approve a Section 505(b)(2) application or ANDA to the extent it is subject to exclusivity, or in the case of exclusivity for a new chemical entity may not receive a Section 505(b)(2) application or ANDA. Changes to a drug resulting from new clinical studies (other than bioavailability studies) that were “essential to approval,” and conducted or sponsored by the applicant, such as a new dosage form, strength, route of administration, dosing regimen or indication, are associated with a three-year period of exclusivity during which the FDA cannot approve an ANDA or 505(b)(2) application for the change.

Drugs based on an “old antibiotic,” such as minocycline, are subject to an additional limitation and will not receive three-year exclusivity for a “condition of use” that was approved before October 8, 2008. Prior to 2008, drugs based on an “old antibiotic” were not eligible for Hatch-Waxman Act exclusivity. In 2008, the Q1 Program Supplemental Funding Act of 2008 made drugs containing old antibiotics eligible for three-year exclusivity under certain conditions, but excluded from eligibility for that exclusivity any “condition of use” approved for such drugs before October 8, 2008. The statute does not define “condition of use” but the U.S. District Court has provided guidance in Viropharma, Inc. v. Hamburg, 898 F. Supp.2d (District of Columbia, 2012). In Viropharma, the court held that a supplemental new drug approval for the drug Vancocin was not eligible for three-year exclusivity because the supplemental new drug application at issue did not constitute a “significant new use” for the drug. The court held that the “inclusion of more specific dosing information that was within the range specified in the prior label,” “new instructions on monitoring patients’ renal function,” and “new instructions for the continuation of treatment in older patients” did not effect a “significant new use” but rather served only to “refine labeling regarding already approved conditions of use.” The FDA also emphasized that had the company sought approval for a new indication or a new dosing regimen, it would have had to comply with other statutory requirements (including by providing new pediatric data), and that since the company did not have to provide the clinical data, it did not merit the three-year exclusivity for old antibiotics.

We believe that the clinical data submitted for our product candidates will satisfy the exclusivity requirements for old antibiotics. Our Phase III clinical trials for AMZEEQ provided new clinical (including new pediatric) data that supported a topical route of administration, a new dosing regimen and a significantly lower concentration of minocycline than the prior oral form. FMX103 is indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe papulopustular rosacea, which is a new indication for minocycline. While we believe that any clinical data submitted to support FMX103 and each of our other pipeline products containing an old antibiotic will provide the required new significant benefits and uses to qualify for the three-year non-patent exclusivity, if the FDA and the U.S. courts do not agree with us, the product candidate would not be protected by three-year exclusivity under the Hatch Waxman Act. While we would continue to be able to enforce our patents listed in the FDA’s Orange Book against infringement by third-parties, including a 30-month or any further stay or injunction from a court during the pendency of litigation, the FDA could approve an ANDA for a generic version of our product and a company could launch the product at risk and we may not be able to obtain an injunction to prevent the launch, which would allow a generic into the market sooner than we expect. In addition, even if the FDA awards three-year exclusivity to each of these products, its scope will depend on how the FDA defines the exclusivity-protected change. If the FDA defines this change more narrowly than we anticipate, the three-year exclusivity could provide less protection against generic competition than expected. Moreover, even if we obtain three years marketing exclusivity an ANDA may be submitted at any time before the expiration of market exclusivity.

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Because our Phase III clinical trials for AMZEEQ and FMX103 were not conducted head-to-head with the current standard of care drugs, we may not compare our results to those of existing drugs for promotional purposes, which may affect our sales and marketing efforts.
 
None of our Phase III clinical trials for AMZEEQ and FMX103 were conducted in head-to-head comparison with the drugs considered the current standard of care for the relevant indications, namely oral Solodyn for moderate-to-severe acne, and topical antimicrobials (such as Metrogel, generic metronidazole and Finacea) for rosacea. This means that none of the patient groups participating in these trials were or are being treated with the standard of care drugs alongside the groups treated with our product candidates.

The FDA generally requires adequate, well-controlled head-to-head clinical trials to support comparative claims regarding marketed products. As a result, we may not make promotional claims that compare AMZEEQ, FMX103 or any of our other product candidates that are commercialized in the future to the current standards of care or other competitor products which may negatively impact sales of our products.
 
Our ability to finance our operations and generate revenues depends on the commercial success of AMZEEQ and on the clinical and commercial success of FMX103 and our other product candidates, and failure to achieve such success will negatively impact our business.
 
Although we received FDA approval of AMZEEQ, we expect to continue to incur losses for the near future, which will delay our profitability. Moreover, it is possible that even if we succeed in developing and commercializing one or more of our other product candidates, we may never become profitable. Our near-term prospects, including our ability to finance our operations and generate revenues, depend on the successful commercialization of AMZEEQ and on the successful regulatory approval and commercialization of FMX103. The success of AMZEEQ, FMX103 and our other product candidates depends on a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:


the effectiveness of our marketing, sales and distribution strategy and operations;
 

our ability to maintain, independently or via third parties, a commercially viable manufacturing process that is compliant with cGMP;
 

our success in educating health care providers and patients about the benefits, administration and use of AMZEEQ and, if approved, FMX103 and our other product candidates;
 

the FDA’s acceptance of our parameters for regulatory approval relating to FMX103 and our other product candidates, including our proposed indications, primary endpoint assessments, primary endpoint measurements and regulatory pathways;
 

the FDA’s acceptance of the number, design, size, conduct and implementation of our clinical trials for our clinical-stage product candidates, our trial protocols and the interpretation of data from preclinical studies or clinical trials;
 

the FDA’s acceptance of the sufficiency of the data we collected from our preclinical studies and clinical trials to support the submission of an NDA without requiring additional preclinical or clinical trials;
 

the FDA’s willingness to schedule an advisory committee meeting in a timely manner to evaluate and decide on the approval of an NDA;
 

the recommendation of the FDA advisory committee to approve our application without limiting the approved labeling, specifications, distribution or use of the products, or imposing other restrictions;
 

the FDA’s satisfaction with the NDA submission for FMX103 or our other product candidates;
 

the prevalence and severity of adverse events associated with AMZEEQ, FMX103 and our other product candidates;
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the timely and satisfactory performance by third party contractors of their obligations in relation to our clinical trials and our manufacturing and supply of AMZEEQ and our product candidates;
 

our ability to raise additional capital on acceptable terms in order to achieve our goals;
 

the availability, perceived advantages, relative cost, safety and efficacy of alternative and competing treatments;
 

our ability to take advantage of the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway and obtain regulatory marketing exclusivity for our products under the Hatch-Waxman Act;
 

our ability to create, obtain, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights with respect to AMZEEQ, FMX103 or our other product candidates;
 

the prevalence and severity of signs and symptoms associated with AMZEEQ, FMX103 and our other product candidates;
 

our ability to bring an action timely for patent infringement arising out of the filing of ANDAs by generic companies seeking approval to market generic versions of our products before the expiry of our patents; and
 

our ability to avoid third party claims of patent infringement or intellectual property violations.
 
If we fail to achieve these objectives or to overcome the challenges presented above, many of which are beyond our control, in a timely manner, we could experience significant delays or an inability to successfully commercialize AMZEEQ or our product candidates. Accordingly, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenues through the sale of AMZEEQ, FMX103 or our other product candidates to enable us to continue our business.

We may encounter delays in completing clinical trials for our product candidates and may even be prevented from commencing such trials due to factors that are largely beyond our control.
 
We have in the past and may in the future experience delays in completing our ongoing clinical trials and in commencing future clinical trials. We experienced significant delays in our Phase III clinical program for AMZEEQ, first due to quality control issues with certain active ingredients supplied to us by a third party and due to insufficient results in one of the co-primary endpoints, namely IGA treatment success, in one of the two initial Phase III trials, after which we conducted an additional Phase III clinical trial. Such difficulties may arise again in future trials for other indications and for our product candidates.

We rely on clinical research organizations, or CROs, and clinical trial sites to ensure the proper and timely conduct of our clinical trials. While we have agreements governing the committed activities of our CROs, we have limited influence over their actual performance. A failure of one or more of our clinical trials can occur at any time during the clinical trial process. Clinical trials can be delayed or aborted for a variety of other reasons, including delay or failure to:


obtain regulatory approval to commence a trial;
 

reach agreement on acceptable terms with prospective CROs and clinical trial sites, the terms of which may be subject to extensive negotiation and vary significantly among different CROs and trial sites;
 

obtain institutional review board, or IRB, approval at each site;
 

enlist suitable patients to participate in a trial;
 

have patients complete a trial or return for post-treatment follow-up;
 

ensure clinical sites observe trial protocol or continue to participate in a trial;
 

address any patient safety concerns that arise during the course of a trial;
 

address any conflicts with new or existing laws or regulations;
 

add a sufficient number of clinical trial sites; or
 

manufacture sufficient quantities of the product candidate for use in clinical trials.
 
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Patient enrollment is also a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials and is affected by many factors, including the size and nature of the patient population, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the trial, the design of the clinical trial, competing clinical trials and clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages of the drug being studied in relation to available alternatives, including any new drugs or treatments that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.

We may also encounter delays if a clinical trial is suspended or terminated by us, by the IRBs of the institutions in which such trials are being conducted, by the trial’s data safety monitoring board, or by the FDA. Such authorities may suspend or terminate one or more of our clinical trials due to a number of factors, including our failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with relevant regulatory requirements or clinical protocols, inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial site by the FDA resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold, unforeseen safety issues or adverse side effects, failure to demonstrate a benefit from using a drug, changes in governmental regulations or administrative actions or lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial.

If we experience delays in carrying out or completing any clinical trial of our product candidates, the commercial prospects of our product candidates may be harmed, and our ability to generate product revenues from any of these product candidates will be delayed. In addition, any delays in completing our clinical trials will increase our costs, slow down our product candidate development and approval process and jeopardize our ability to commence product sales and generate revenues. Any of these occurrences may significantly harm our business and financial condition. In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our product candidates.
 
AMZEEQ and FMX103 and other product candidates may produce undesirable side effects that we may not have detected in our clinical trials. This could prevent us from gaining market acceptance for AMZEEQ or or marketing approval  for our product candidates, or from maintaining such acceptance and approval, and could substantially increase commercialization costs and even force us to cease operations.
 
To date, AMZEEQ and FMX103 have not been associated with drug-related systemic side effects and only a few cases of mild and temporary skin reactions have been reported, most of which disappeared on their own within 12 weeks from the beginning of the treatment. AMZEEQ and FMX103 have both been observed to have a generally favorable safety profile, with the most commonly reported adverse events related to upper respiratory tract infections, and there were no treatment-related serious adverse events reported. Nonetheless, upon commercialization of AMZEEQ, and, if approved, FMX103 or other product candidates, the clinical exposure of the drugs will be significantly expanded to a wider and more diverse group of patients than those participating in the clinical trials, which may reveal undesirable side effects caused by these products that were not previously observed or reported in the current clinical trials.

The FDA and foreign regulatory agency regulations require that we report certain information about adverse medical events if our products may have caused or contributed to those adverse events. The timing of our obligation to report would be triggered by the date on which we become aware of the adverse event as well as the nature of the event. We may fail to report adverse events we become aware of within the prescribed timeframe. We may also fail to appreciate that we have become aware of a reportable adverse event, especially if it is not reported to us as an adverse event or if it is an adverse event that is unexpected or removed in time from the use of our products. If we fail to comply with our reporting obligations, the FDA or a foreign regulatory agency could take action including criminal prosecution, the imposition of civil monetary penalties or seizure of our products.

Additionally, in the event we discover the existence of adverse medical events or side effects caused by AMZEEQ or one of our product candidates, a number of other potentially significant negative consequences could result, including:


sales of the product may be more modest than originally anticipated;
 

the FDA may suspend or withdraw their approval of the product;
 

the FDA may require the addition of labeling statements, such as warnings or contraindications or distribution and use restrictions;
 

the FDA may require us to issue specific communications to healthcare professionals, such as letters alerting them to new safety information about our product, changes in usage or other important information;
 

the FDA may issue negative publicity regarding the affected product, including safety communications;
 
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we may be limited with respect to the safety-related claims that we can make in our marketing or promotional materials;
 

we may be required to change the way the product is administered, conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials or restrict or cease the distribution or use of the product;
 

perception of our products by physicians and patients may be adversely affected; and
 

we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients.
 
Any of these events could prevent us from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of the affected product or product candidate and could substantially increase commercialization costs or even force us to cease operations.

Even if FMX103 or our other product candidates receive marketing approval, we may continue to face future developmental and regulatory difficulties. In addition, we are subject to government regulations and we may experience delays in obtaining required regulatory approvals to market our proposed product candidates.
 
Even if we receive approval of any regulatory filing for FMX103 or any of our other product candidates, the FDA may grant approval contingent on the performance of additional costly post-approval clinical trials or REMS to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product, which could negatively impact us by reducing revenues or increasing expenses, and cause the product not to be commercially viable. Absence of long-term safety data may further limit the approved uses of our products, if any.

The FDA may also approve FMX103 or any of our other product candidates for a more limited indication or a narrower patient population than we originally requested, or may not approve the labeling that we believe is necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of our product candidates. Furthermore, any such approved product, including AMZEEQ, will remain subject to extensive regulatory requirements, including requirements relating to manufacturing, labeling, packaging, adverse event reporting, storage, advertising, promotion, distribution and recordkeeping.

If we fail to comply with the regulatory requirements of the FDA, or if we discover previously unknown problems with any approved commercial products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes, we could be subject to administrative or judicially imposed sanctions or other setbacks, which could require us to take corrective actions, including to:


suspend or impose restrictions on operations, including costly new manufacturing requirements;
 

refuse to approve pending applications or supplements to applications;
 

suspend any ongoing clinical trials;
 

suspend or withdraw marketing approval;
 

seek an injunction or impose civil or criminal penalties or monetary fines;
 

seize or detain products;
 

ban or restrict imports and exports;
 

issue warning letters or untitled letters;
 

suspend or impose restrictions on operations, including costly new manufacturing requirements; or
 

refuse to approve pending applications or supplements to applications.
 
In addition, various aspects of our operations are subject to federal, state or local laws, rules and regulations, any of which may change from time to time. Costs arising out of any regulatory developments could be time-consuming and expensive and could divert management resources and attention and, consequently, could adversely affect our business operations and financial performance.

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Even though AMZEEQ has received FDA approval, and even if FMX103 or our other product candidates receive regulatory approval, they may fail to achieve the broad degree of physician adoption and use and market acceptance necessary for commercial success.
 
Even though we have obtained FDA approval for AMZEEQ, and even if we obtain FDA approval for FMX103 or any of our other product candidates, the commercial success of such products will depend significantly on their broad adoption and use by dermatologists, pediatricians and other physicians for approved indications, including AMZEEQ for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne in patients nine years of age and older and FMX103 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe rosacea in adults, as well as any other therapeutic indications that we may seek to pursue.

Moreover, if the treatment of acne with AMZEEQ or rosacea with FMX103 is deemed to be an elective procedure, the cost of which is borne by the patient, it will not be reimbursable through government or private health insurance.

The degree and rate of physician and patient adoption of AMZEEQ, and, if approved, FMX103 and any of our other product candidates, will depend on a number of factors, including:


the clinical indications for which the product is approved;
 

the safety and efficacy of our product as compared to existing therapies for those indications;
 

the prevalence and severity of adverse side effects;
 

patient satisfaction with the results and administration of our product and overall treatment experience, including relative convenience, ease of use and avoidance of, or reduction in, adverse side effects;
 

patient demand for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne and rosacea or other indications;
 

the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts, especially the success of any targeted marketing efforts directed toward dermatologists, pediatricians, other physicians, clinics and any direct-to-consumer marketing efforts we may initiate;
 

overcoming biases of physicians and patients towards topical treatments for moderate-to-severe acne, rosacea or other indications and their willingness to adopt new therapies for these indications;
 

the cost of treatment in relation to alternative treatments, the extent to which these costs are covered and adequately reimbursed by third party payors, and patients’ willingness to pay for our products;
 

proper training and administration of our products by dermatologists, pediatricians and medical staff; and
 

the revenues and profitability that our products will offer physicians as compared to alternative therapies.
 
We may decide not to continue developing or commercializing any of our product candidates at any time during development or of any of our products after approval, which would reduce or eliminate our potential return on investment for those product candidates or products.
 
We have in the past and may again in the future decide to discontinue the development of any of our product candidates in our pipeline or not to continue to commercialize any approved product. In December 2017, we discontinued further in-house development of FMX102 for the treatment of impetigo and FMX104 for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced rash due to our reassessment of the limited market opportunities for these products in light of our then-existing limited cash and resources. In the future, we may discontinue development of other product candidates for a variety of reasons, such as the appearance of new technologies that make our product less commercially viable, an increase in competition from generic or other competing products, changes in or failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, the discovery of unforeseen side effects during clinical development or after the approved product has been marketed or the occurrence of adverse events at a rate or severity level that is greater than experienced in prior clinical trials. If we discontinue a program in which we have invested significant resources, we will receive a limited return on our investment and we will have missed the opportunity to have allocated those resources to other product candidates in our pipeline that may have had potentially more productive uses.

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If we are not successful in developing, acquiring regulatory approval for and commercializing additional product candidates beyond AMZEEQ or FMX103, our ability to expand our business and achieve our strategic objectives will be impaired.
 
Although we will devote a substantial portion of our resources on the commercialization of AMZEEQ and on the potential approval of FMX103 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe rosacea, another key element of our strategy is to discover, develop and commercialize products based on our proprietary foam or other topical platforms to serve additional dermatology indications and therapeutic markets. We are seeking to do so through our internal research programs, but our resources are limited, and our current programs are primarily geared towards commercializing AMZEEQ and seeking regulatory approval for FMX103. We may also explore strategic collaborations for the development or acquisition of new products and product candidates, but we may not be successful in entering into such relationships. While we have received FDA approval for AMZEEQ and our NDA for FMX103 for the treatment of rosacea has been accepted by the FDA, all of our other potential product candidates remain in earlier stages of development. Research programs to identify product candidates require substantial technical, financial and human resources, regardless of whether any product candidates are ultimately identified. Our research programs may initially show promise in identifying potential product candidates, yet may fail to yield product candidates for clinical development for many reasons, including:


the research methodology used may not be successful in identifying potential product candidates;
 

competitors may develop alternatives that render our product candidates obsolete or less attractive;
 

product candidates we develop may nevertheless be covered by third parties’ patents or other proprietary rights;
 

a product candidate may in a subsequent trial be shown to have harmful side effects or other characteristics that indicate it is unlikely to be effective or otherwise does not meet applicable regulatory criteria;
 

a product candidate may not be capable of being produced in commercial quantities at an acceptable cost, or at all;
 

a product candidate may not be accepted as safe and effective by patients, the medical community or third party payors, if applicable;
 

intellectual property rights, such as patents, which are necessary to protect our interests in a product candidate, may be difficult to obtain or unobtainable or if obtained may be difficult to enforce or unenforceable;
 

intellectual property rights, such as patents, may fail to provide adequate protection, may be challenged and one or more claims may be revoked or the patent may be held to be invalid; and
 

intellectual property rights of third parties may potentially block our entry into certain markets, or make such entry economically impracticable.
 
AMZEEQ and, if approved, FMX103 will face significant competition and our failure to compete effectively may prevent us from achieving significant market penetration and expansion.
 
The approved indication of AMZEEQ is to treat inflammatory lesions of non-nodular moderate-to-severe acne in patients 9 years of age and older, and the expected indication of FMX103 is to treat moderate-to-severe papulopustular rosacea in adults. The facial aesthetic market in general, and the market for acne treatments in particular, is highly competitive and dynamic, and is characterized by rapid and substantial technological development and product innovations. AMZEEQ faces significant competition from other acne products, including oral drugs such as Seysara, Solodyn, Doryx, Dynacin, Acticlate and Minocin, and topical anti-acne drugs such as Aklief, Acanya, Ziana, Epiduo, Benzaclin, Aczone and Differin. FMX103, if approved, may face significant competition from other rosacea products, including oral drugs such as Oracea®, and topical anti-rosacea drugs such as Metrogel, Soolantra and Finacea, all of which have been approved for marketing and are currently available to consumers. AMZEEQ and, if approved, FMX103 may also compete with non-prescription anti-acne and rosacea products and unapproved and off-label treatments.

There are also several potential competing products currently under development. One of such potential competing products is a topical gel suspension containing minocycline non-hydrochloride for the treatment of inflammatory skin disease, including acne and rosacea, developed by Hovione, a manufacturer of active pharmaceutical ingredients and drug product intermediates, which product candidate has recently completed Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of moderate-to-severe papulopustular rosacea and has obtained FDA input for the design of a planned Phase III clinical trial. Another such potential competing product is a topical hydrophilic gel containing minocycline hydrochloride for the treatment of acne, known as BPX-01, developed by BioPharmX Corporation, for which BioPharmX has completed Phase IIa and Phase IIb clinical trials and has obtained FDA input for the design of a planned Phase III clinical trial. BioPharmX has also announced positive results for its Phase IIb study for a topical minocycline gel named BPX-04 for the treatment of rosacea. If ultimately approved and launched in the United States, these products would become direct competitors to AMZEEQ and FMX103.
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To compete successfully in the acne and rosacea treatment markets, we will have to continue to demonstrate that AMZEEQ is safe and effective for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne and to demonstrate that FMX103 is safe and effective for the treatment of moderate-to-severe rosacea, and that they do not infringe the intellectual property rights of any third parties. Competing in the acne and rosacea markets could result in price-cutting, reduced profit margins and loss of market share, any of which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Due to less stringent regulatory requirements, there are many more acne products and procedures available for use in international markets than are approved for use in the United States. There are also fewer limitations on the claims that our competitors in international markets can make about the effectiveness of their products and the manner in which they can market them. As a result, if we partner with other companies in these markets and launch our products, we may face more competition in these markets than in the United States.

In addition, we may not be able to price AMZEEQ or, if approved, FMX103, competitively with current standard of care products or their price may drop considerably due to factors outside our control. If this happens or the price of materials and manufacture increases dramatically, our ability to continue to operate our business would be materially harmed and we may be unable to commercialize AMZEEQ or FMX103 successfully. Potential competitors may challenge, narrow, invalidate or seek to design around our granted patents or our patent applications, and such patents and patent applications may fail to provide adequate protection for our product candidates. Furthermore, such potential competitors may enter the market before us, and their products may be designed to circumvent our granted patents and pending patent applications.

Healthcare reforms by governmental authorities and related reductions in pharmaceutical pricing, reimbursement and coverage by third party payors may adversely affect our business.
 
We expect the healthcare industry to face increased limitations on reimbursement, rebates and other payments as a result of healthcare reform, which could adversely affect third party coverage of our products and how much or under what circumstances healthcare providers will prescribe or administer our products, if approved.

In both the United States and other countries, sales of our products, if approved for marketing, will depend in part upon the coverage and adequate reimbursement from third party payors, which include governmental authorities, managed care organizations and other private health insurers. Third party payors are increasingly challenging the price and examining the cost effectiveness of medical products and services.
 
Increasing expenditures for healthcare have been the subject of considerable public attention in the United States Both private and government entities are seeking ways to reduce or contain healthcare costs. Numerous proposals that would effect changes in the U.S. healthcare system have been introduced or proposed in Congress and in some state legislatures, including reducing reimbursement for prescription products and reducing the levels at which consumers and healthcare providers are reimbursed for purchases of pharmaceutical products.
 
Cost reduction initiatives and changes in coverage implemented through legislation or regulation could decrease utilization of and reimbursement for any approved products, which in turn would affect the price we can receive for those products. Any reduction in reimbursement that results from federal legislation or regulation may also result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors, as private payors often follow Medicare coverage policy and payment limitations in setting their own reimbursement rates.

Significant developments that may adversely affect pricing in the United States include the enactment of federal healthcare reform laws and regulations, including the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, and the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003. Changes in the healthcare system enacted as part of healthcare reform in the United States, as well as the increased purchasing power of entities that negotiate on behalf of Medicare, Medicaid, and private sector beneficiaries, may result in increased pricing pressure by influencing, for instance, the reimbursement policies of third party payors. While healthcare reform legislation may have increased the number of patients who are expected to have insurance coverage for our product candidates, provisions such as the assessment of a branded pharmaceutical manufacturer fee and an increase in the amount of rebates that manufacturers pay for coverage of their drugs by Medicaid programs may have an adverse effect on us. It is uncertain how current and future reforms in these areas will influence the future of our business operations and financial condition.

Since its enactment, there have been judicial, Congressional and political challenges to certain aspects of the ACA. For example, President Trump signed two Executive Orders and other directives designed to delay the implementation of certain provisions of the ACA or otherwise circumvent some of the requirements for health insurance mandated by the ACA. Concurrently, Congress has considered legislation that would repeal or repeal and replace all or part of the ACA. While Congress has not passed comprehensive repeal legislation, two bills affecting the implementation of certain taxes under the ACA have been signed into law. In July 2018, CMS published a final rule permitting further collections and payments to and from certain ACA qualified health plans and health insurance issuers under the ACA risk adjustment program in response to the outcome of federal district court litigation regarding the method CMS uses to determine this risk adjustment. On December 14, 2018, a U.S. District Court Judge in the Northern District of Texas ruled that the individual mandate is a critical and inseverable feature of the ACA, and because it was repealed as part of the Tax Act, the remaining provisions of the ACA are invalid as well. While neither the Texas District Court Judge, Trump administration nor CMS have stated that the ruling will have an immediate effect, it is unclear how this decision, subsequent appeals, and other efforts to repeal and replace the ACA will impact the ACA. Although we cannot predict the form of any such replacement of the ACA may take, or the full effect on our business of the enactment of additional legislation pursuant to healthcare and other legislative reform, we believe that legislation or regulations that would reduce reimbursement for, or restrict coverage of, our products could adversely affect how much or under what circumstances healthcare providers will prescribe or administer our products. This could materially and adversely affect our business by reducing our ability to generate revenues, raise capital, obtain additional licensees and market our products. In addition, we believe the increasing emphasis on managed care in the United States has and will continue to put pressure on the price and usage of pharmaceutical products, which may adversely impact product sales.
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Recently there has been heightened governmental scrutiny over the manner in which manufacturers set prices for their marketed products, which has resulted in several U.S. Congressional inquiries and proposed federal legislation designed to, among other things, bring more transparency to product pricing, reduce the cost of certain products under Medicare, review the relationship between pricing and manufacturer patient programs, and reform government program reimbursement methodologies. At the state level, individual states in the United States are also increasingly passing legislation and implementing regulations designed to control product pricing, including price or patient reimbursement constraints, discounts, restrictions on certain product access and marketing cost disclosure and transparency measures.

It is likely that additional state and federal healthcare reform measures will be adopted in the future, any of which could limit the amounts that federal and state governments will pay for healthcare products and services, which could result in reduced demand for a pharmaceutical manufacturer’s products or additional pricing pressure.

It will be difficult for us to profitably sell AMZEEQ, FMX103 or our other product candidates if reimbursement for these products is limited by government authorities and third party payor policies.
 
In addition to any healthcare reform measures which may affect reimbursement, market acceptance and sales of AMZEEQ, FMX103 and our other product candidates, if approved, will depend on the reimbursement policies of government authorities and third party payors. Government authorities and third party payors, such as private health insurers and health maintenance organizations, decide which medications they will pay for, and establish reimbursement levels.

A primary trend in the U.S. healthcare industry and elsewhere is cost containment. Government authorities and these third party payors have attempted to control costs by limiting coverage and the amount of reimbursement for particular medications. We cannot be sure that reimbursement will be available for AMZEEQ or FMX103, or, if reimbursement is available, the level of reimbursement.

Reimbursement may impact the demand for, or the price of, any product for which we obtain marketing approval. In addition, third party payors are likely to impose strict requirements for reimbursement in order to limit off-label use of a higher priced drug. Reimbursement by a third party payor may depend upon a number of factors including the third party payor’s determination that use of a product is:


a covered benefit under its health plan;
 

safe, effective and medically necessary;
 

appropriate for the specific patient;
 

cost-effective; and
 

neither experimental nor investigational.
 
Obtaining coverage and reimbursement approval for a product from a government or other third party payor is a time-consuming and costly process that could require us to provide supporting scientific, clinical and cost effectiveness data for the use of our products to the payor. We may not be able to provide data sufficient to gain acceptance with respect to coverage and reimbursement. We cannot be sure that coverage or adequate reimbursement will be available for our product candidates, if approved. Also, we cannot be sure that reimbursement amounts will not reduce the demand for, or the price of, our future products. If reimbursement is not available, or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to commercialize our product candidates, profitably or at all, even if approved.

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Legislative or regulatory healthcare reforms in the United States may make it more difficult and costly for us to obtain regulatory clearance or approval of our product candidates and to produce, market, and distribute our products after clearance or approval is obtained.
 
From time to time, legislation is drafted and introduced in Congress that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the regulatory clearance or approval, manufacture, and marketing of regulated products or the reimbursement thereof. In addition, FDA regulations and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by the FDA in ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. Any new regulations or revisions or reinterpretations of existing regulations may impose additional costs or lengthen review times of FMX103 or any of our other product candidates. We cannot determine what effect changes in regulations, statutes, legal interpretation or policies, when and if promulgated, enacted or adopted may have on our business in the future. Such changes could, inter alia, require:


changes to manufacturing methods;
 

recall, replacement, or discontinuance of one or more of our products; and
 

additional recordkeeping.
 
Each of these would likely entail substantial time and cost and could adversely affect our business and our financial results.

We will require substantial additional financing to achieve our goals, and a failure to obtain this necessary capital when needed on acceptable terms, or at all, could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development, other operations or commercialization efforts.
 
We anticipate that we will continue to expend substantial resources for the foreseeable future for the commercialization of AMZEEQ and for pre-commercialization efforts related to FMX103. We also wish to continue the development of other indications and product candidates. However, we may not have sufficient funds to carry out and complete all of these plans and may need to raise additional funds for such purposes.

These expenditures will include costs associated with research and development, conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, and manufacturing and supply, as well as marketing and selling any products approved for sale. In addition, other unanticipated costs may arise. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with product development and commercialization, we are unable to precisely estimate the actual amounts necessary to successfully complete the development and commercialization of any of our product candidates.
 
Based on our current plans, we believe our existing cash and investments will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital requirements into the fourth quarter of 2020.  However, our operating plan may change as a result of many factors currently unknown to us. We may therefore need to seek additional capital sooner than planned, through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, such as strategic collaborations or additional license arrangements. Such financings may result in dilution to shareholders, imposition of debt covenants and repayment obligations or other restrictions that may affect our business. In addition, we may seek additional capital due to favorable market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans.

Our future capital requirements depend on many factors, including:


the cost of commercialization activities for AMZEEQ, FMX103 or any of our other product candidates approved for sale, including marketing, sales and distribution costs;
 

the degree and rate of market acceptance of AMZEEQ and any future approved products;
 

the emergence, approval, availability, perceived advantages, relative cost, relative safety and relative efficacy of alternative and competing products or treatments;
 

the results of the clinical trials of our product candidates;
 

the timing of, and the costs involved in, obtaining regulatory approvals for our product candidates;
 
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the number and characteristics of any additional product candidates we develop or acquire;
 

the scope, progress, results and costs of researching and developing our product candidates, and conducting preclinical and clinical trials;
 

the cost of manufacturing our product candidates and any products we successfully commercialize, and maintaining our related facilities;
 

our ability to establish and maintain strategic collaborations, licensing or other arrangements and the terms of and timing of such arrangements;
 

any product liability or other lawsuits related to our products;
 

the expenses needed to attract and retain skilled personnel;
 

the costs associated with being a public company;
 

the costs associated with evaluation of AMZEEQ or our product candidates;
 

the costs associated with evaluation of third party intellectual property;
 

the costs associated with obtaining and maintaining licenses;
 

the costs associated with creating, obtaining, protecting defending and enforcing intellectual property, such as costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing patent claims, litigation costs, including for patent infringement arising out of ANDA submissions by generic companies to manufacture and sell generic products, and the outcome of such litigation; and
 

the timing, receipt and amount of sales of, or royalties on, approved products.
 
Additional capital may not be available when we need it, on terms that are acceptable to us or at all. If adequate funds are not available to us on a timely basis, we may be required to:


delay, limit, reduce or terminate our establishment of manufacturing, sales and marketing or distribution capabilities or other activities that may be necessary to commercialize AMZEEQ, FMX103 or any of our other product candidates;
 

delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development activities; or
 

delay, limit, reduce or terminate preclinical studies, clinical trials or other development activities for our product candidates.
 
If we raise additional capital through marketing and distribution arrangements or other collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish certain valuable rights to our product candidates, technologies, future revenue streams or research programs or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we raise additional capital through public or private equity offerings, the ownership interest of our existing shareholders will be diluted and the terms of any new equity securities may have a preference over our ordinary shares. If we raise additional capital through debt financing, we may be subject to covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt or making capital expenditures or specified financial ratios, any of which could restrict our ability to commercialize our product candidates or operate as a business.

We have incurred significant losses since our inception and we anticipate that we will continue to incur losses in the near future.
 
We continue to incur significant research and development and other expenses related to our ongoing clinical trials and operations. We have recorded a net loss of $74.2 million, $65.7 million and $29.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, we had an accumulated deficit of $215.4 million and had a working capital surplus of $90.7 million. We expect to continue to incur losses, and we anticipate these losses may continue as we advance our commercialization efforts for AMZEEQ and as we continue our development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, FMX103 and our other product candidates.

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We expect to rely on third parties to conduct some or all aspects of our drug product manufacturing, production research and preclinical and clinical testing, and these third parties may not perform satisfactorily.
 
We do not expect to independently conduct all aspects of our drug product manufacturing, production research and preclinical and clinical testing. We currently rely, and expect to continue to rely, on third parties with respect to these items, including manufacturing in the commercial context.

We have arrangements in place with two suppliers for the supply of the API of AMZEEQ and FMX103, and an exclusive supply agreement with ASM, for the manufacturing and supply of our finished product of AMZEEQ. Pursuant to the agreement, ASM has agreed to manufacture and supply all of our commercial needs for the products on an exclusive basis for a period of four years, subject to certain exceptions.

Our reliance on these third parties for manufacturing, research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of our responsibility to ensure compliance with all required regulations and study protocols. For example, for products that we develop and commercialize on our own, we will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our IND-enabling studies and clinical studies are conducted in accordance with the study plan and protocols, and that our products are manufactured in accordance with cGMP as applied in the relevant jurisdictions.

If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines, conduct our studies in accordance with regulatory requirements or our stated study plans and protocols, or manufacture our drug products in accordance with cGMP, we will not be able to complete, or may be delayed in completing, the preclinical and clinical studies and manufacturing process validation activities required to support future IND submissions and approval of our product candidates, or to support commercialization of AMZEEQ and, if approved, FMX103 and our other product candidates. Many of our agreements with these third parties contain termination provisions that allow these third parties to terminate their relationships with us upon notice. If we need to enter into alternative arrangements, our product development and commercialization activities could be delayed.

Reliance on third party subcontractors and suppliers entails a number of risks, including reliance on the third party for regulatory compliance and quality assurance, the possible breach of the manufacturing or supply agreement by the third party, the possibility that the supply is inadequate or delayed, the risk that the third party may enter the field and seek to compete and may no longer be willing to continue supplying, and the possible termination or nonrenewal of the agreement by the third party at a time that is costly or inconvenient for us. In addition, third party subcontractors and suppliers may not be able to comply with cGMP or quality system regulation or similar regulatory requirements outside the United States. If any of these risks transpire, we may be unable to timely retain alternate subcontractors or suppliers on acceptable terms and with sufficient quality standards and production capacity, which may disrupt and delay the manufacture and commercial sale of AMZEEQ or our product candidates, if approved, and may disrupt and delay our clinical trials.

We may be forced to manufacture our product ourselves, for which we may not have the capabilities or resources, or enter into an agreement with a different manufacturer, which we may not be able to do on reasonable terms, if at all. In some cases, the technical skills required to manufacture our product candidates may be unique or proprietary to the original manufacturer, and we may have difficulty or there may be contractual restrictions prohibiting us from, transferring such skills to a back-up or alternate supplier, or we may be unable to transfer such skills at all. Any of these events could lead to clinical study delays or failure to obtain marketing approval, or impact our ability to successfully commercialize our product or any future products. Some of these events could be the basis for FDA action, including injunction, recall, seizure or total or partial suspension of production.

We and our contract manufacturers are subject to significant regulation with respect to manufacturing our product and product candidates. The manufacturing facilities on which we rely may not continue to meet regulatory requirements and have limited capacity.
 
We and the contract manufacturers for our product and product candidates are subject to extensive regulation. Some components of a finished drug product approved for commercial sale or used in late-stage clinical studies must be manufactured in accordance with cGMP. These regulations govern manufacturing processes and procedures (including record keeping) and the implementation and operation of quality systems to control and assure the quality of investigational products and products approved for sale. Poor control of production processes can lead to the introduction of adventitious agents or other contaminants, or to inadvertent changes in the properties or stability of our product and product candidates that may not be detectable in final product testing. We or our contract manufacturers must supply all necessary documentation in support of regulatory applications on a timely basis and where required, must adhere to the FDA’s or other regulator’s good laboratory practices and cGMP regulations enforced by the FDA or other regulator through facilities inspection programs. Our facilities and quality systems and the facilities and quality systems of some or all of our third-party contractors must pass a pre-approval inspection for compliance with the applicable regulations as a condition of marketing approval of our product and potential products. In addition, the regulatory authorities may, at any time, audit or inspect a manufacturing facility involved with the preparation of our products or the associated quality systems for compliance with the regulations applicable to the activities being conducted. If these facilities do not pass a pre-approval plant inspection, FDA or other marketing approval of the products may not be granted.
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The regulatory authorities also may, at any time following approval of a product for sale, audit the manufacturing facilities of our third-party contractors. If any such inspection or audit identifies a failure to comply with applicable regulations or if a violation of our product specifications or applicable regulations occurs independent of such an inspection or audit, we or the relevant regulatory authority may require remedial measures that may be costly and/or time-consuming for us or a third party to implement and that may include the temporary or permanent suspension of a clinical study or commercial sales or the temporary or permanent closure of a facility. Any such remedial measures imposed upon us or third parties with whom we contract could materially harm our business.

If we or any of our third-party manufacturers fail to maintain regulatory compliance, the FDA or other regulators can impose regulatory sanctions including, among other things, refusal to approve a pending application for a product, or revocation of a pre-existing approval. As a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially harmed.

Additionally, if supply from one approved manufacturer is interrupted, there could be a significant disruption in commercial supply. The number of manufacturers with the necessary manufacturing capabilities is limited. The regulatory agencies may also require additional studies if a new manufacturer is relied upon for commercial production. Switching manufacturers may involve substantial costs and is likely to result in a delay in our desired clinical and commercial timelines.

These factors could cause the delay of clinical studies, regulatory submissions, required approvals or commercialization of our product and any future products, cause us to incur higher costs and prevent us from commercializing our products successfully. Furthermore, if our suppliers fail to meet contractual requirements, and we are unable to secure, validate and obtain approval of one or more replacement suppliers capable of production at a substantially equivalent cost, our clinical studies may be delayed or we could lose potential revenues.
 
We expect to rely on third parties to conduct, supervise and monitor our clinical studies, and if these third parties perform in an unsatisfactory manner, it may harm our business.
 
We also rely on medical institutions, clinical investigators, contract laboratories, collaborative partners and other third parties, such as CROs, to assist us in conducting our clinical trials for our other product candidates. While we will have agreements governing their activities, we will have limited influence over their actual performance. We will control only certain aspects of our CROs’ activities. Nevertheless, we will be responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical studies is conducted in accordance with the applicable protocol, legal, regulatory and scientific standards, and our reliance on the CROs does not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities.

We and our CROs are required to comply with the FDA’s and other regulatory authorities’ good clinical practices, or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical studies to assure that the data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights, integrity and confidentiality of clinical study participants are protected. If we or our CROs fail to comply with applicable GCPs, the clinical data generated in our future clinical studies may be deemed unreliable and the FDA and other regulatory authorities may require us to perform additional clinical studies before approving any marketing applications.

If the third parties or consultants that assist us in conducting our clinical trials do not perform their contractual duties or obligations, experience work stoppages, do not meet expected deadlines, terminate their agreements with us or need to be replaced, or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical trial protocols or GCPs, or for any other reason, we may need to conduct additional clinical trials or enter into new arrangements with alternative third parties, which could be difficult, costly or impossible, and our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated or may need to be repeated. If any of the foregoing were to occur, we may not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, regulatory approval for the product candidates being tested in such trials, and will not be able to, or may be delayed in our efforts to, successfully commercialize these product candidates.

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Supply interruptions may disrupt our inventory levels and the availability of our products and product candidates and cause delays in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates or harm our business by reducing our revenues.
 
We depend on a limited number of manufacturing facilities to manufacture our finished products and product candidates. Numerous factors could cause interruptions in the supply or manufacture of our products and product candidates, including:


timing, scheduling and prioritization of production by our contract manufacturers or a breach of our agreements by our contract manufacturers;


labor interruptions;


changes in our sources for manufacturing;


the timing and delivery of shipments;


our failure to locate and obtain replacement suppliers and manufacturers as needed on a timely basis; and


conditions affecting the cost and availability of raw materials.

If one of our suppliers or manufacturers fails or refuses to supply us with necessary raw materials or finished products or product candidates on a timely basis or at all, it would take a significant amount of time and expense to qualify a new supplier or manufacturer. We may not be able to obtain active ingredients or finished products from new suppliers or manufacturers on acceptable terms and at reasonable prices, or at all.

Any interruption in the supply of finished products could hinder our ability to distribute finished products to meet commercial demand and adversely affect our financial results and financial condition.

With respect to our product candidates, production of product is necessary to perform clinical trials and successful registration batches are necessary to file for approval to commercially market and sell product candidates. Delays in obtaining clinical material or registration batches could adversely impact our clinical trials and delay regulatory approval for our product candidates.

We currently develop our clinical drug product candidates in our research and development facility located in Rehovot, Israel and through partnerships with external contract manufacturing organizations. If these facilities or any future facilities or our equipment were to be damaged or destroyed, or if we experience a significant disruption in our operations for any other reason, our ability to continue to operate our business could be materially harmed.
 
  We currently research and develop our product candidates primarily in our laboratory located in Rehovot, Israel and through partnership with external contract manufacturing organizations. If these or any future facilities were to be damaged, destroyed or otherwise unable to operate, whether due to war, acts of hostility, earthquakes, fire, floods, hurricanes, storms, tornadoes, other natural disasters, employee malfeasance, terrorist acts, power outages or otherwise, or if performance of our research and development facility is disrupted for any other reason, such an event could delay our clinical trials. If we experience delays in achieving our development objectives, or if we are unable to manufacture an approved product within a timeframe that meets our prospective customers’ expectations, our business, prospects, financial results and reputation could be materially harmed.

Currently, we maintain insurance covering damage to our property and equipment and workers compensation coverage, subject to deductibles and other limitations. If we have underestimated our insurance needs with respect to an interruption, or if an interruption is not subject to coverage under our insurance policies, we may not be able to cover our losses.
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If product liability lawsuits are brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities that may not be fully covered by our insurance policies and we may be required to limit commercialization of any of our other products we develop.
 
We face an inherent risk of product liability as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidates and will face an even greater risk as we commercialize AMZEEQ and any other product candidates that receive marketing approval. For example, we may be sued if any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during product testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such product liability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liability and a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our products. Even a successful defense would require significant financial and management resources. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in:


decreased demand for AMZEEQ, FMX103 or any of our other product candidates or products we develop;
 

injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention;
 

withdrawal of clinical trial participants or cancellation of clinical trials;
 

costs to defend the related litigation, which may be only partially recoverable even in the event of successful defense;
 

a diversion of management’s time and our resources;
 

substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;
 

regulatory investigations, product recalls, withdrawals or labeling, marketing or promotional restrictions;
 

loss of revenues; and
 

the inability to commercialize any products we develop.
 
Although we maintain product liability insurance, any claim that may be brought against us could result in a court judgment or settlement in an amount that is not covered, in whole or in part, by our insurance or that is in excess of the limits of our insurance coverage. Our insurance policies also have various exclusions and deductibles, and we may be subject to a product liability claim for which we have no coverage. We will have to pay any amounts awarded by a court or negotiated in a settlement that exceed our coverage limitations or that are not covered by our insurance, and we may not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient capital to pay such amounts. Moreover, in the future, we may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or in sufficient amounts to protect us against losses.
 
Our Credit Agreement subjects us to various financial and other restrictive covenants. These restrictions may limit our operational or financial flexibility and could subject us to potential defaults under our Credit Agreement.
 
On July 29, 2019, we entered into a Credit Agreement and Guaranty, or the Credit Agreement, with Foamix Pharmaceuticals Inc., lenders from time to time party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors from time to time party thereto, or the Subsidiary Guarantors, and Perceptive Credit Holdings II, LP, as administrative agent, that provides a senior secured (including on our intellectual property) delayed draw term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $50.0 million. The Credit Agreement contains financial and other restrictive covenants that limit the ability of us, Foamix Pharmaceuticals Inc. and the Subsidiary Guarantors, among other things, to incur new indebtedness; create liens on assets; engage in certain fundamental corporate changes, such as mergers or acquisitions, or changes to business activities; make certain investments or payments; or pay dividends. The Credit Agreement also contains certain financial covenants, including that we, Foamix Pharmaceuticals Inc. and the Subsidiary Guarantors must (1) maintain a minimum aggregate cash balance of $2.5 million; and (2) as of the last day of each fiscal quarter commencing on the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2020, receive revenue for the trailing 12-month period in amounts set forth in the Credit Agreement, which range from $10.5 million for the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2020 to $109.5 million for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2024.

The restrictive covenants in the Credit Agreement may limit our ability to plan for or react to market conditions, meet capital needs or otherwise restrict our activities or business plans and adversely affect our ability to finance our operations, enter into acquisitions or to engage in other business activities that could be in our interest. Our ability to comply with these financial covenants can be affected by events beyond our control and we may not be able to do so. If we are unable to remain in compliance with the restrictive covenants of the Credit Agreement, then amounts outstanding thereunder may be accelerated and become due immediately. Any such acceleration could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

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Our debt obligations and any future debt obligations expose us to risks that could adversely affect our business, operating results, overall financial condition and may result in further dilution to our stockholders.
 
The Credit Agreement has a borrowing capacity of up to $50.0 million, of which $15.0 million of borrowings were outstanding as of November 4, 2019. In addition, as described in “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Key Developments,” we may incur additional debt under the Credit Agreement if we meet certain regulatory and commercial milestones. Our current and any future indebtedness, including under the Credit Agreement, could have an adverse impact on our business or operations. For example, it could:


limit our flexibility in planning for the commercialization of AMZEEQ and the approval and marketing FMX103, as well as the development of our other pipeline product candidates;


increase our vulnerability to both general and industry-specific adverse economic conditions; and


limit our ability to obtain additional funds for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, general corporate and other purposes.

Any current or future indebtedness that we incur, including under the Credit Agreement, will require us to make certain interest and principal payments. Our ability to make payments on this indebtedness depends on our ability to generate cash in the future. We expect to experience negative cash flow for the foreseeable future as we fund our operations and capital expenditures. There can be no assurance we will be in a position to repay this indebtedness when due or obtain extensions to the maturity date. In order to repay these obligations when due, we may be required to sell assets, to refinance all or a portion of such indebtedness or to obtain additional financing, including on terms that are not acceptable to us. If that additional financing involves the sale of equity securities or convertible securities, it would result in the issuance of additional shares of our capital stock, which would result in dilution to our shareholders.

If we fail to attract and keep senior management and key scientific personnel, we may be unable to successfully develop FMX103 or any of our other product candidates, conduct our clinical trials and commercialize AMZEEQ, FMX103 or any of our other products we develop.
 
Our success depends in part on our continued ability to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified management, clinical and scientific personnel. We believe that our future success is highly dependent upon the contributions of our senior management, particularly our Chief Executive Officer, as well as our senior technologists and scientists. The loss of services of any of these individuals could delay or prevent the successful development of our product pipeline or completion of our planned commercialization of AMZEEQ, FMX103 or any of the clinical development of our other product candidates.

Although we have not historically experienced unique difficulties in attracting and retaining qualified employees, we could experience such problems in the future. For example, competition for qualified personnel in the pharmaceutical field is intense due to the limited number of individuals who possess the skills and experience required by our industry. We will need to hire additional personnel as we expand our clinical development and commercial activities. We may not be able to attract and retain quality personnel on acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, to the extent we hire personnel from competitors, we may be subject to allegations that they have been improperly solicited or that they have divulged proprietary or other confidential information, or that their former employers own their research output.

We have incurred, and will continue to incur significant increased costs as a result of operating as a public company in the United States, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives.
 
As a public company in the United States, we are subject to an extensive regulatory regime, requiring us to maintain various internal controls and to prepare and file periodic and current reports and statements, including reports on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section 404.
 
Our independent registered public accounting firm has not previously performed an audit of our internal control over financial reporting, and as long as we remain an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, we are exempt from the requirement to have an independent registered public accounting firm perform such audit. As of the end of our fiscal year ending December 31, 2019, the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the closing of our initial public offering, we will cease to qualify as an emerging growth company. As a result, we will be required to have our auditors formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 in connection with our annual report for the year ending December 31, 2019.  
 
Our compliance with Section 404 will require that we incur substantial accounting expense and expend significant management efforts. We will continue to dedicate internal resources, engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting and to compile the system and process documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404. However, we cannot assure you that our independent registered public accounting firm will be able to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We may not be able to remediate any material weaknesses that may be identified, or to complete our evaluation, testing and any required remediation in a timely fashion and our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our controls are documented, designed or operating.  
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Any failure to maintain adequate internal controls over financial reporting could severely inhibit our ability to accurately report our financial condition or results of operations. If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our auditors are unable to express an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal controls when they are required to issue such opinion, investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our common stock could decline, and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Failure to remedy any material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, or to implement or maintain other effective control systems required of public companies, could also restrict our future access to the capital markets.
 
Our business involves the use of hazardous materials and we and our third party manufacturers and suppliers must comply with environmental laws and regulations, which can be expensive and restrict how we do business.
 
Our research and development activities and our third party subcontractors’ and suppliers’ activities involve the controlled storage, use and disposal of hazardous materials owned by us, including minocycline and doxycycline, key components of our product candidates, and other hazardous compounds. We and our manufacturers and suppliers are subject to laws and regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of these hazardous materials. We are licensed by the Israeli Ministry of Health to manufacture small batches of product in topical dose form for our Phase I, II and III clinical trials. In some cases, these hazardous materials are stored at our and our subcontractors’ facilities pending their use and disposal.

Despite our efforts, we cannot eliminate the risk of contamination. This could cause an interruption of our commercialization efforts and business operations, environmental damage resulting in costly clean-up and liabilities under applicable laws and regulations governing the use, storage, handling and disposal of these materials and specified waste products. Although we believe that the safety procedures utilized by us and our subcontractors and suppliers for handling and disposing of these materials generally comply with the standards prescribed by these laws and regulations, we cannot guarantee that this is the case or eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials. In such an event, we may be held liable for any resulting damages and such liability could exceed our resources and state or federal or other applicable authorities may curtail our use of certain materials and interrupt our business operations.

Furthermore, environmental laws and regulations are complex, change frequently and have tended to become more stringent. We cannot predict the impact of such changes and cannot be certain of our future compliance.

We are subject to various U.S. federal, state, local and foreign health care fraud and abuse laws, including anti-kickback, self-referral, false claims and fraud laws, health information privacy and security, and transparency laws and any violations by us of such laws could result in substantial penalties. Additionally, any challenge to or investigation into our practices under these laws could cause adverse publicity and be costly to respond to, and thus could harm our business.
 
There are numerous U.S. federal, state, local and foreign health care fraud and abuse laws pertaining to our business, including anti-kickback, false claims and physician transparency laws. Our business practices and relationships with providers, patients and third-party payors are subject to scrutiny under these laws. We may also be subject to patient information privacy and security regulation by both the federal government, states and foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct our business. The healthcare laws and regulations that may affect our ability to operate include:
 

The U.S. federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits knowingly and willfully offering, soliciting, receiving, or paying remuneration directly or indirectly, in cash or in kind  to induce or reward either the referral of an individual for, or the purchase, order or recommendation of goods or services for which payment may be made in whole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash, improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The intent standard under the federal Anti-Kickback Statute was amended by the ACA to a stricter standard such that a person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it, in order to have committed a violation. In addition, the ACA provides that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AKS constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Additionally, many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well as private payors. Violations of the federal and state anti-kickback laws can result in exclusion from federal and state health care programs and substantial civil and criminal penalties.
 
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The federal civil and criminal false claims laws and civil monetary penalties laws, including the False Claims Act, or FCA, prohibit, among other things, individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, false, fictitious or fraudulent claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid or other federal healthcare programs, and knowingly making, using or causing to be made or used a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim to avoid, decrease or conceal an obligation to pay money to the federal government. As a result of a modification made by the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009, a claim includes "any request or demand" for money or property presented to the federal government. Even where pharmaceutical companies do not submit claims directly to payors, they can be held liable under these laws if they are deemed to "cause" the submission of false or fraudulent claims by, for example, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product off-label, marketing products of sub-standard quality, or, as noted above, paying a kickback that results in a claim for items or services. In addition, activities relating to the reporting of wholesaler or estimated retail prices for pharmaceutical products, the reporting of prices used to calculate Medicaid rebate information and other information affecting federal, state and third-party reimbursement for such products, and the sale and marketing of such products, are subject to scrutiny under this law. For example, several pharmaceutical and other healthcare companies have faced enforcement actions under these laws for allegedly inflating drug prices they report to pricing services, which in turn were used by the government to set Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rates, and for allegedly providing free product to customers with the expectation that the customers would bill federal programs for the product. Private individuals or “whistleblowers” can bring FCA “qui tam” actions on behalf of the government and may share in recovered amounts. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons submitting claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, that are for services not provided as claimed, or for services that are not medically necessary. Proof of intent to deceive is not required to establish liability under the civil False Claims Act.
 

The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, which imposes criminal and civil liability for, among other things, executing or attempting to execute a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including any third party payors, knowingly and willfully embezzling or stealing from a healthcare benefit program, willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense, and knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statements or representations, or making false statements relating to healthcare benefits, items or services. Similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to have committed a violation.
 

HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, including the Final Omnibus Rule published on January 25, 2013, which impose, among other things, obligations, including mandatory contractual terms, with respect to safeguarding the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information held by certain healthcare providers, health plans and healthcare clearinghouses, known as “covered entities,” and “business associates.” Among other things, HITECH made certain aspects of HIPAA's rules (notably the Security Rule) directly applicable to business associates - independent contractors or agents of covered entities that receive or obtain individually identifiable health information in connection with providing a service on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also created four new tiers of civil monetary penalties, amended HIPAA to make civil and criminal penalties directly applicable to business associates, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federal court to enforce the federal HIPAA laws and seek attorney's fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. The Department of Health and Human Services Office for Civil Rights, or the OCR, has increased its focus on compliance and continues to train state attorneys general for enforcement purposes. The OCR has recently increased both its efforts to audit HIPAA compliance and its level of enforcement, with one recent penalty exceeding $5 million. In addition, according to the United States Federal Trade Commission, or the FTC, failing to take appropriate steps to keep consumers' personal information secure constitutes unfair acts or practices in or affecting commerce in violation of Section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act, or the FTCA, 15 USC § 45(a). The FTC expects a company's data security measures to be reasonable and appropriate in light of the sensitivity and volume of consumer information it holds, the size and complexity of its business, and the cost of available tools to improve security and reduce vulnerabilities. Medical data is considered sensitive data that merits stronger safeguards. The FTC's guidance for appropriately securing consumers' personal information is similar to what is required by the HIPAA Security Rule.; and
 

The federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act and its implementing regulations, which require certain manufacturers of prescription drugs, devices and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program to annually report to CMS information related to payments and other transfers of value to physicians (defined to include doctors, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists and chiropractors) and teaching hospitals, or to entities or individuals at the request of, or designated on behalf of, the physicians and teaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members.  On October 25, 2018, President Trump signed into law the “Substance Use-Disorder Prevention that Promoted Opioid Recovery and Treatment for Patients and Communities Act.” This law, in part (under a provision entitled “Fighting the Opioid Epidemic with Sunshine”), will extend the Sunshine Act to payments and transfers of value to physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and other mid-level healthcare providers (with reporting requirements going into effect in 2022 for payments made in 2021).  In addition, Section 6004 of the ACA requires annual reporting of information about drug samples that manufacturers and authorized distributors provide to physicians.
 
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Analogous state, local and foreign laws and regulations, such as state anti-kickback and false claims laws, and other states’ laws addressing the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries, may apply to sales or marketing arrangements and claims involving healthcare items or services reimbursed by non-governmental third party payors, including private insurers, and in some cases that may apply regardless of payor, i.e., even if reimbursement is not available; state laws that require drug companies to comply with the industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines (the PhRMA Code) and the applicable compliance program guidance promulgated by the federal government (HHS-OIG) or otherwise prohibit or restrict gifts or payments that may be made to healthcare providers and other potential referral sources; state and local laws that require the licensure of sales representatives; state laws that require drug manufacturers to report information related to drug pricing or payments and other transfers of value to healthcare providers or marketing expenditures and pricing information; and state laws related to insurance fraud in the case of claims involving private insurers.
 

Data privacy and security laws and regulations in foreign jurisdictions that may be more stringent than those in the United States, such as the European Union, which adopted the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which became effective in May 2018. The GDPR, which is wide-ranging in scope, imposes several requirements relating to the consent of the individuals to whom the personal data relates, the information provided to the individuals, the security and confidentiality of the personal data, data breach notification and the use of third party processors in connection with the processing of personal data. The GDPR also imposes strict rules on the transfer of personal data out of the European Union to the United States, provides an enforcement authority and imposes large penalties for noncompliance, including the potential for fines of up to €20 million or 4% of the annual global revenues of the noncompliant company, whichever is greater. The recent implementation of the GDPR has increased our responsibility and liability in relation to personal data that we process, including in clinical trials, and we may in the future be required to put in place additional mechanisms to ensure compliance with the GDPR, which could divert management's attention and increase our cost of doing business.
 

State laws governing the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect, and may apply more broadly than HIPAA, thus complicating compliance efforts – for example, the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, which goes into effect January 1, 2020. The CCPA, among other things, creates new data privacy obligations for covered companies and provides new privacy rights to California residents, including the right to opt out of certain disclosures of their information. The CCPA also creates a private right of action with statutory damages for certain data breaches, thereby potentially increasing risks associated with a data breach. Legislators have stated that they intend to propose amendments to the CCPA before it goes into effect, and the California Attorney General will issue clarifying regulations. Although the law includes limited exceptions, including for certain information collected as part of clinical trials as specified in the law, it may regulate or impact our processing of personal information depending on the context. It remains unclear what, if any, modifications will be made to this legislation or how it will be interpreted.
 
State and federal authorities have aggressively targeted pharmaceutical companies for alleged violations of these fraud and abuse laws based on improper research or consulting contracts with doctors, certain marketing arrangements that rely on volume-based pricing, off-label marketing schemes, and other improper promotional practices. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the health regulatory laws described above or any other laws that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including, but not limited to, criminal, civil and administrative penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, individual imprisonment, possible exclusion from participation in government healthcare programs, injunctions, private qui tam actions brought by individual whistleblowers in the name of the government. Companies targeted in such prosecutions have paid substantial fines in the hundreds of millions of dollars or more, have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and have often become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements that severely restrict the manner in which they conduct their business, including the requirement of additional reporting and oversight obligations.  Due to the breadth of these laws, the narrowness of statutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors available, and the range of interpretations to which they are subject, it is possible that some of our current or future practices might be challenged under one or more of these laws. Responding to investigations can be time-and resource-consuming and can divert management’s attention from the business. Any such investigation or settlement could increase our costs or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business and reputation. Even an unsuccessful challenge or investigation into our practices could cause adverse publicity and be costly to respond to.
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If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the healthcare laws or regulations described above or any other healthcare regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including administrative, civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, exclusion from participation in government healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, imprisonment, additional reporting obligations and oversight if we becomes subject to a corporate integrity agreement or consent decree, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and pursue our strategy.

We are subject to various U.S. and foreign anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws, and any violations by us of such laws could result in substantial penalties.
 
The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, and similar worldwide anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from offering, making or authorizing improper payments to government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. The FCPA also obligates companies whose securities are listed in the United States to comply with accounting provisions requiring the company to maintain books and records that accurately and fairly reflect all transactions of the corporation, including international subsidiaries, and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls for international operations. Our internal control policies and procedures may not protect us from reckless or negligent acts committed by our employees, future distributors, licensees or agents. Violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, could result in fines, penalties or prosecution and have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and reputation.

Unfavorable global economic conditions could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
 
Although we believe the market for acne and rosacea therapies is less vulnerable to unfavorable economic conditions due to the significant discomfort and distress that these conditions inflict, our results of operations could be adversely affected by general conditions in the global economy and in the global financial markets. We currently have very limited visibility regarding the prospects of AMZEEQ, FMX103 or our other product candidates becoming eligible for reimbursement by any government or third party payor and the possible scope of such reimbursement, and we must assume that demand for these product candidates may be tied to discretionary spending levels of our targeted patient population.

A severe or prolonged economic downturn could result in a variety of risks to our business, including weakened demand for AMZEEQ, or if approved, FMX103 or any of our other product candidates, and our ability to raise additional capital when needed on acceptable terms, if at all. A weak or declining economy could also strain our suppliers, possibly resulting in supply disruption, or cause our customers to delay making payments for our services.

Any of the foregoing could harm our business and we cannot anticipate all of the ways in which the current economic climate and financial market conditions could adversely impact our business.

Exchange rate fluctuations between the U.S. dollar and the New Israeli Shekel may negatively affect our earnings.
 
The dollar is our functional and reporting currency. However, a significant portion of our operating expenses are incurred in NIS. As a result, we are exposed to the risks that the NIS may appreciate relative to the dollar, or, if the NIS instead devalues relative to the dollar, that the inflation rate in Israel may exceed such rate of devaluation of the NIS, or that the timing of such devaluation may lag behind inflation in Israel. In any such event, the dollar cost of our operations in Israel would increase and our dollar-denominated results of operations would be adversely affected. We cannot predict any future trends in the rate of inflation or deflation in Israel or the rate of devaluation or appreciation of the NIS against the dollar. For example, the NIS depreciated against the dollar by 8.1% in 2018, which depreciation was partly offset by inflation at the rate of 0.8% that year, while in 2017 the NIS appreciated 11.6% against the dollar, which appreciation was further amplified by inflation in Israel of 0.4% that year. If the dollar cost of our operations in Israel increases, our dollar-measured results of operations will be adversely affected. Our operations also could be adversely affected if we are unable to effectively hedge against currency fluctuations in the future.

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Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
 
If our efforts to obtain, protect or enforce our patents and other intellectual property rights related to AMZEEQ, FMX103 or any of our other product candidates are not adequate, we may not be able to compete effectively and we otherwise may be harmed.
 
Our commercial success depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain patent protection and other intellectual property rights and to utilize trade secret protection for our intellectual property and proprietary technologies, our products and their uses, as well as our ability to operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of others. We rely upon a combination of patents, trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements, assignment of invention agreements and other contractual arrangements to protect the intellectual property related to AMZEEQ, FMX103 and our other development programs. Limitations on the scope of our intellectual property rights may limit our ability to prevent third parties from designing around such rights and competing against us. For example, our patents do not claim a new compound. Rather, the active pharmaceutical ingredients of our products are existing compounds and our granted patents and pending patent applications are directed to, among other things, novel formulations of these existing compounds that are dispensed as a foam. Accordingly, other parties may compete with us, for example, by independently developing or obtaining competing topical formulations that design around our patent claims, or by using formulations from expired patents but which may contain the same active ingredients, or by seeking to invalidate our patents. Moreover, any disclosure to or misappropriation by third parties of our confidential proprietary information, unless we have sufficient patent and/or trade secret protection and we are able to enforce such rights successfully, could enable competitors to quickly duplicate or surpass our technological achievements, eroding our competitive position in our market.

We currently have various granted patents related to AMZEEQ and FMX103 in the United States, which are expected to remain in effect until 2030.  We also have a recently issued patent in the United States related to AMZEEQ that expires in September 2037.  These patents relate to a composition of matter comprising a claim to a formulation of a tetracycline antibiotic which can include minocycline or doxycycline, and therefore may be less protective than patents that claim a new drug.  We also have patents granted claiming compositions of matter relating to AMZEEQ and FMX103 in each of the following international markets Australia, Canada, Great Britain, Israel, and Mexico and we have patent applications claiming compositions of matter relating to AMZEEQ and FMX103 pending in Canada, the European Union, India and Mexico.

As of September 30, 2019, we had over 200 granted patents and over 40 patent applications pending worldwide covering our various foam-based platforms and other technology. However, the patent applications that we own or license may fail to result in granted patents in the United States or foreign jurisdictions, or if granted the patent claims may fail to prevent a potential infringer from marketing its product or be deemed invalid or held unenforceable by a court. Competitors and others in the field of topically-administered therapies comprising an active ingredient in foam presentation have created a substantial amount of scientific publications, patents and patent applications and other materials relating to their technologies. Our ability to obtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on various factors, including interpretation of our technology and the prior art and whether the differences between them allow our technology to be patentable. Patent applications and patents granted from them are complex, lengthy and highly technical documents that are often prepared under very limited time constraints and may not be free from errors or words that make their interpretation uncertain. The existence of errors in a patent may have a materially adverse effect on the patent, its scope and its enforceability. Our pending patent applications may not issue, or the scope of the claims of patent applications that do issue may be too narrow or inadequate to protect our competitive advantage. Pending applications may be challenged during prosecution by the submission of third-party observations. Such observations may result in the scope of claims being narrowed or rejected. Also, our granted patents may be subject to challenges or construed in a way that may not provide adequate protection.

Even if these patents do successfully issue, third parties may challenge the validity, enforceability or scope of such granted patents or any other granted patents we own or license, which may result in such patents being narrowed, invalidated or held unenforceable. For example, patents granted by the European Patent Office may be opposed by any person within 9 months from the publication of their grant. Also, patents granted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, may be subject to review, reexamination and other challenges. Changes to the U.S. patent laws in 2012 provide additional procedures for third parties to challenge the validity of patents issuing from patent applications including post-grant review, which generally applies to patents first filed after March 15, 2013. A post-grant review petition must be filed on or prior to the date which is 9 months after the patent is granted. The procedures also expand and reform the proceedings for challenging issued patents on grounds of prior art and publications, also known as inter partes review, or IPR. For patents filed after March 15, 2013, a petition for IPR may be filed the later of 9 months after grant of the patent or after a post-grant review proceeding on the patent has terminated. For patents filed prior to March 15, 2013, the rules regarding IPR filing remain unchanged and an IPR petition may be filed any time following issuance of the patent.

Furthermore, efforts to enforce our patents could give rise to challenges to their validity or unenforceability in court proceedings. If the patents and patent applications we hold or pursue with respect to AMZEEQ, FMX103 or any of our other product candidates are challenged, it could put one or more patents at risk of being invalidated, or interpreted narrowly and threaten our competitive advantage for AMZEEQ, FMX103 or any of our other product candidates. Furthermore, even if they are not challenged, our patents and patent applications may not adequately protect our intellectual property or prevent others from designing around our claims. To meet such challenges, which are part of the risks and uncertainties of developing and marketing product candidates, we may need to evaluate third party intellectual property rights and, if appropriate, to seek licenses for such third party intellectual property or to challenge such third party intellectual property, which may be costly and time consuming and may or may not be successful, which could also have a material adverse effect on the commercial potential for AMZEEQ, FMX103 and any of our other product candidates.

Further, if we encounter delays in our clinical trials or in seeking marketing approval of our products, the period of time during which we could market AMZEEQ, FMX103 or any of our other product candidates under patent protection could be reduced.
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Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot be certain that we were the first to (i) file any patent application related to AMZEEQ, FMX103 or any of our other product candidates or (ii) conceive and invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents or patent applications.
 
Furthermore, for applications filed before March 16, 2013, or patents issuing from such applications, an interference proceeding can be invoked by a third party, or instituted by the USPTO, to determine who was the first to invent any of the subject matter covered by the patent claims of our applications and patents. As of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “first-to-file” system for deciding which party should be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patent application in the USPTO under the new first-to-file system before we did, could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before it was made by the third party.

The change to “first-to-file” from “first-to-invent” is one of the changes to the patent laws of the United States resulting from the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or AIA, signed into law on September 16, 2011. Among some of the other changes to the patent laws are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providing opportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. Until recently, a lower evidentiary standard was applied in certain USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in U.S. federal court necessary to invalidate a patent claim. Under the new final rule, effective for petitions filed on or after November 13, 2018, the USPTO Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) is to apply the same claim construction standard applied by civil courts under 35 USC §282(b) in IPR, post-grant review, and the transitional program for covered business method patents proceedings. The impact this may have in practice on the use and outcome of USPTO proceedings is uncertain. Because of lower costs and the fact that USPTO statistics indicate that a high rate of challenged claims are being invalidated in these USPTO procedures, they may continue to be a popular and effective means of challenging patents.

Even where patent, trade secret and other intellectual property laws provide protection, costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and the outcome of such litigation would be uncertain. Moreover, any actions we may bring to enforce our intellectual property against our competitors could provoke them to bring counterclaims against us, and our competitors have intellectual property of their own, some of which include substantial patent portfolios. An unfavorable outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business and could result in the challenged patent or one or more of its claims being interpreted narrowly or invalidated, or held not to be infringed, or one or more of our patent applications may not be granted.

We also rely on trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect our know-how, data and information prior to filing patent applications and during the period before they are published. We additionally rely on trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect proprietary know-how that we consider may be preferably maintained as a trade secret rather than the subject of a patent application. We further rely on trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect proprietary know-how that may not be patentable, processes for which patents may be difficult to obtain or enforce and other elements of our product development processes that involve proprietary know-how, information or technology that is not covered by patents.

In an effort to protect our trade secrets and other confidential information, we incorporate confidentiality provisions in all our employees’ agreements and require our consultants, contractors and licensees to which we disclose such information to execute confidentiality agreements upon the commencement of their relationships with us. These agreements require that confidential information, as defined in the agreement and disclosed to the individual by us during the course of the individual’s relationship with us, be kept confidential and not disclosed to third parties for an agreed term. These agreements, however, may not provide us with adequate protection against accidental or improper use or disclosure of confidential information, and these agreements may be breached. Adequate remedies may not exist in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information. A breach of confidentiality could significantly affect our competitive position and we could lose our trade secrets or they could become otherwise known or be independently discovered by our competitors. Also, to the extent that our employees, consultants or contractors use any intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in any related or resulting know-how and inventions. Additionally, others may independently develop the same or substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets and other confidential information. Any of the foregoing could deteriorate our competitive advantages, undermine the trade secret and contractual protections afforded to our confidential information and have material adverse effects on our business.

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Cybersecurity disruptions may impact our business operations if it becomes a target for such activities.
 
We may be subject to attempted cybersecurity disruptions from a variety of threat actors. If our systems for protecting against cybersecurity disruptions prove to be insufficient, our employees or third parties could be adversely affected. Such cybersecurity disruptions could cause damage or destroy assets, compromise business systems, result in proprietary information and trade secrets being altered, lost or stolen; result in employee or third-party information being compromised, or otherwise disrupt business operations. Significant costs to remedy the effects of such a cybersecurity disruption may be incurred by us, as well as in connection with resulting regulatory actions and litigation, and such disruption may harm relationships with third parties and impact our business reputation.

Changes in U.S. or foreign patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.
 
As is the case with other companies in the markets in which we participate, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly patents. The strength of patents in the pharmaceutical field involves complex legal and scientific questions and in the United States and many foreign jurisdictions patent policy and case law also continues to evolve and change and the issuance, scope, validity, enforceability and commercial value of our patent rights are highly uncertain. This uncertainty includes changes to the patent laws through one or more of legislative action to change statutory patent law, rule changes and practice directions issued by National Patent Offices, or court action that may reinterpret or expand on existing law in ways affecting the scope or validity of granted patents. Particularly in recent years in the United States, there have been several major legislative developments and court decisions that have affected patent laws in significant ways and there may be more developments in the future that may weaken or undermine our ability to obtain patents or to enforce our existing and future patents.
 
We have agreed to share ownership in certain patents that may result from our development and license agreements with certain major pharmaceutical companies, which may detract from our rights to such patents.
 
We have agreed with several of the pharmaceutical companies with whom we are developing certain topical products, based on our foam technology and the licensees’ active ingredients, to jointly own and have an undivided interest in patents that arise from the relevant projects, where the licensee made its own material contributions to the invention. In certain agreements, we have further agreed that inventions achieved exclusively or primarily by the licensees in the course of the development without significant contribution by us will be owned solely by them, and they will be allowed to file patent applications covering such inventions without our participation.

We have granted certain licensees the right to provide input during the prosecution of licensed patent applications. We have further granted certain licensees the primary right to enforce several of our existing patents, which we have licensed to these licensees to allow them to commercialize or continue to commercialize our jointly-developed product, in the event that any infringement of the licensed patents adversely affects the licensees’ ability to utilize the licenses for the purpose they were granted. Such rights may detract from our rights and title to such patents and we may as a result have little or no control or say in any proceedings concerning them. In addition, any proceedings against our technology could impact any or all of our licensees, and we may be considered or found to be contractually responsible for the payment of certain claims and losses as a result of such impact.

If we infringe or are alleged to infringe or otherwise violate intellectual property rights of third parties, our business could be harmed.
 
Our research, development and commercialization activities may infringe or otherwise violate or be claimed to infringe or otherwise violate patents owned or controlled by other parties. Competitors in the field of topical and oral drugs for the treatment of acne or rosacea and other indications have developed large portfolios of patents and patent applications relating to our business. In particular, there are patents and pending patent applications held by third parties that relate to formulations with minocycline-based and doxycycline-based products and to methods of treatment with minocycline-based and doxycycline-based products for indications we are pursuing with AMZEEQ, FMX103 and our other product candidates. There may be granted patents that could be asserted against us in relation to such products or product candidates. There may also be granted patents held by third parties that may be infringed or otherwise violated by our other product candidates and activities, and we do not know whether or to what extent we may be infringing or otherwise violating third party patents. There may also be third party patent applications that if approved and granted as patents may be asserted against us in relation to AMZEEQ, FMX103 or any of our other product candidates or activities. We may fail to identify new applications and granted patents that may be asserted against us in relation to AMZEEQ, FMX103 or any of our other product candidates or activities. Searches and analyses undertaken may not uncover all potential and future threats. These third parties could bring claims against us that would cause us to incur substantial expenses and, if successful against us, could cause us to pay substantial damages and legal fees. Further, if a patent infringement suit were brought against us, we could be temporarily or permanently enjoined or otherwise forced to stop or delay research, development, manufacturing or sales of the product candidate that is the subject of the suit.
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As a result of patent infringement claims, or to avoid potential claims, we may choose or be required to seek licenses from third parties. These licenses may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Even if we are able to obtain a license, the license would likely obligate us to pay license fees or royalties or both, and the rights granted to us might be nonexclusive, which could result in our competitors gaining access to the same intellectual property, or such rights might be restrictive and limit our present and future activities. Ultimately, we or a licensee could be prevented from commercializing a product or be forced to cease some aspect of our business operations, if, as a result of actual or threatened patent infringement claims, we are unable to enter into licenses on acceptable terms.

There has been and there currently is substantial litigation and other proceedings regarding patent and other intellectual property rights in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition to possible infringement claims against us, we may become a party to other patent litigation and other proceedings, including interference, derivation, review, re-examination or other post-grant proceedings declared or granted by the USPTO and similar proceedings in foreign countries, regarding intellectual property rights with respect to our current or any future products. The cost and burden to us of any patent litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation or proceedings more effectively than we can because of their substantially greater financial resources. Patent litigation and other proceedings may also absorb significant management time. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of patent litigation or other proceedings and their outcome could impair our ability to compete in the marketplace and impose a substantial financial burden on us. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Furthermore, several of our employees were previously employed at universities or other pharmaceutical companies, including potential competitors. While we take steps to prevent our employees from using the proprietary information or know-how of others that is not in the public domain or that has not already been independently developed by us earlier, we may be subject to claims that we or these employees have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed, confidential information,  intellectual property, trade secrets or other proprietary information of any such employee’s former employer. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims and, even if we are successful in defending ourselves, could result in substantial costs to us or be distracting to our management. If we do not succeed with respect to any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages and possible ongoing royalties, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel.

If we are unable to protect our trademarks from infringement, our business prospects may be harmed.
 
We own trademarks that identify “Foamix” and have registered these trademarks in the United States and Israel. We own the trademarks “AMZEEQ” and “MST” that identify our recently FDA approved topical product for acne vulgaris and its delivery technology and we have filed applications for these trademarks in the United States and in Israel. We also own and have filed applications for trademarks in the United States that represent the proposed commercial name(s) of our other drug product candidates. Although we take steps to monitor the possible infringement or misuse of our trademarks, it is possible that third parties may infringe, dilute or otherwise violate our trademark rights. Any unauthorized use of our trademarks could harm our reputation or commercial interests. In addition, our enforcement against third party infringers or violators may be unduly expensive and time-consuming, and the outcome may be an inadequate remedy.

We may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents or other intellectual property or the patents of our licensors, which could be expensive and time-consuming.
 
Competitors may infringe our intellectual property, including our patents or the patents of our licensors. As a result, we may be required to file infringement claims to stop third party infringement or unauthorized use. This can be expensive and burdensome, particularly for a company of our size, as well as time-consuming. In addition, in an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that a patent of ours is not valid or is unenforceable, or may refuse to stop the other party from using the technology or method at issue on the grounds that our patent claims do not cover its technology or method or that the factors necessary to grant an injunction against an infringer are not satisfied.
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We have received notice letters of ANDAs submitted for drug products that are generic versions of Finacea foam and we are involved in lawsuits to protect and enforce our patents, which are expensive, time consuming and may be unsuccessful.
 
Competitors may infringe our patents. To counter infringement or unauthorized use, we may be required to file infringement claims, which can be expensive and time consuming. The infringing party may deny any infringement or challenge the patents as invalid or unenforceable. Litigation proceedings may also fail, and even if successful, they may result in substantial costs and distraction of our management and other employees.

For example, Paragraph IV Certification Notice Letters from Taro Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. dated December 20, 2018 and January 18, 2019, were received in connection with Finacea. A Paragraph IV Certification Notice Letter notifies the FDA that one or more patents listed in the FDA’s Orange Book is allegedly invalid, unenforceable or will not be infringed by an ANDA product. In the case at hand, the letters were directed against several of our U.S. patents and stated that Taro had submitted to the FDA an ANDA for an azelaic acid foam composition which is a generic version of Finacea.

Complaints were filed against Taro with the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, asserting, among other things, that Taro had infringed our patents, as listed in its Paragraph IV Notice Letters, by seeking FDA approval to manufacture and sell a generic version of Finacea prior to expiration of these patents. Since the complaint was filed within the 45-day period required under the Hatch-Waxman Act, a 30-month stay will preclude Taro from receiving final FDA approval of a generic version of Finacea prior to June 2021, unless a court enters judgment that the patents are invalid or not infringed.

Pursuant to our licensing agreement with LEO, this litigation is in the sole control of LEO and we are currently unable to predict its outcome. The substitution of Finacea in favor of generic versions has the potential to have a negative impact on future commercialization of Finacea and to result in a loss of license revenue. Furthermore, in any infringement proceeding, including the foregoing, a court may decide that a patent of ours, or one or more claims of such patent, is not valid or is unenforceable, or may refuse to stop the other party from using the supposedly infringing technology on the grounds that our patents, or one or more claims of such patents, do not cover such technology. An adverse result in any litigation or defense proceedings could put one or more of our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and could also put one or more of our pending patent applications at risk of not issuing. There can be no assurance that our product candidates will not be subject to the same risks.

We have also entered into license agreements with other commercial partners for the development and commercialization of products with active ingredients other than azelaic acid that license one or more of the patents listed in the FDA’s Orange Book for Finacea. Whilst these license agreements are not considered material to our main business, an adverse result may put at risk the development and commercialization of any of these licensed products.

An adverse determination of any litigation or other proceedings could put one or more of our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and could put our patent applications at risk of not issuing.
 
Interference, derivation review, or other proceedings brought at the USPTO may be necessary to determine the priority or patentability of inventions with respect to our patent applications or those of our licensors or licensees. Litigation or USPTO proceedings brought by us may fail or may be invoked against us by third parties. Even if we are successful, domestic or foreign, litigation or USPTO or foreign patent office proceedings, may result in substantial costs and distraction to our management. Moreover, proceedings may be appealed and obtaining a final resolution can take a long time and substantial resources. We may not be able, alone or with our licensors or licensees, to prevent misappropriation of our proprietary rights, particularly in countries where the laws may not protect such rights as fully as in the U.S.

Furthermore, because of the substantial amount and extent of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation or other proceedings, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation or proceedings. In addition, during the course of this kind of litigation or proceedings, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments or public access to related documents. If investors perceive these results to be negative, the market price for our ordinary shares could be significantly harmed.

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We may not obtain intellectual property rights or otherwise be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.
 
Filing, prosecuting and defending patents on product candidates in all or most countries throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive. We primarily file patent applications in the United States and may file in some other selected jurisdictions on a case-by-case basis. As a result, our intellectual property rights in countries outside the United States are generally significantly less extensive than those in the United States. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries and jurisdictions, particularly of certain developing countries and jurisdictions, do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as federal and state laws in the United States, and these countries and jurisdictions may limit the scope of what can be claimed, and in some cases may even force us to grant a compulsory license to competitors or other third parties. Consequently, we may not be able to prevent third parties from practicing our inventions outside the United States, or from selling or importing products made using our inventions in and into the United States or other jurisdictions. Competitors may use our technologies in jurisdictions where we have not sought or obtained patent protection to develop their own products and further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patent protection, but protection and enforcement is not as strong as that in the United States. These products may compete with our products and our patents or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from competing. Moreover, competitors or others may raise legal challenges to our intellectual property rights or may infringe upon our intellectual property rights, including through means that may be difficult to prevent or detect.

Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, especially those relating to pharmaceuticals, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or marketing of competing products in violation of our proprietary rights generally. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business, could put our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and our patent applications at risk of not issuing and could provoke third parties to assert claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate, and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. Further, third parties may prevail in their claims against us, which could potentially result in the award of injunctions or substantial damages against us. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we develop or license.

In addition, our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights may be adversely affected by unforeseen changes in domestic and foreign intellectual property laws and practice.

Under applicable employment laws, we may not be able to enforce covenants not to compete.
 
We generally enter into non-competition agreements as part of our employment agreements with our employees. These agreements generally prohibit our employees, if they cease working for us, from competing directly with us or working for our competitors or clients for a limited period. We may be unable to enforce these agreements under the laws of the jurisdictions in which our employees work and it may be difficult for us to restrict our competitors from benefitting from the expertise our former employees or consultants developed while working for us.

For example, Israeli labor courts place emphasis on freedom of employment and have required employers seeking to enforce non-compete undertakings of a former employee to demonstrate that the competitive activities of the former employee will harm one of a limited number of material interests of the employer which have been recognized by the courts, such as the protection of a company’s trade secrets or other intellectual property.

Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares
 
We do not know whether a market for our ordinary shares will be sustained and as a result it may be difficult for holders of our ordinary shares to sell their shares.
 
Although our ordinary shares are quoted on the Nasdaq, an active trading market for our shares may not be sustained. The lack of an active market may impair the ability of holders of our ordinary shares to sell their shares at the time they wish to sell them or at a price that they consider reasonable. The lack of an active market may also reduce the fair market value of our shares, and may cause the trading price of our ordinary shares to be more volatile. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling shares and may impair our ability to acquire other companies by using our shares as consideration.
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The market price of our ordinary shares may be subject to fluctuation and holders of our ordinary shares could lose all or part of their investment.
 
The stock market in general and the market price of our ordinary shares in particular has been, and will likely continue to be, subject to fluctuation, whether due to, or irrespective of, our operating results and financial condition. For example, the price of our shares fell by more than 40% following the announcement of top-line results from our first two Phase III clinical trials for AMZEEQ and then increased by more than 40% on September 11, 2018, following the announcement of successful results from our third Phase III clinical for AMZEEQ. The market price of our ordinary shares on the Nasdaq  may fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to:


our ability to successfully launch and commercialize AMZEEQ in the United States;
 

the status and cost of our marketing commitments for AMZEEQ;
 

actual or anticipated variations in our and our competitors’ results of operations and financial condition;
 

market acceptance of our products;
 

the mix of products that we sell and related services that we provide;
 

the success or failure of our licensees to develop, obtain approval for and commercialize our licensed products, for which we are entitled to contingent payments and royalties;
 

changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by securities analysts, if our ordinary shares are covered by analysts;
 

development of technological innovations or new competitive products by others;
 

announcements of technological innovations or new products by us;
 

publication of the results of preclinical or clinical trials for our product candidates;
 

failure by us to achieve a publicly announced milestone;
 

delays between our expenditures to develop and market new or enhanced products and the generation of sales from those products;
 

the filing of ANDAs by generic companies seeking approval to market generic versions of our products and of our licensee’s products;
 

developments concerning intellectual property rights, including our involvement in litigation brought by or against us, including patent infringement proceedings before national and state courts, and patent opposition and review proceedings before national patent offices;
 

regulatory developments and the decisions of regulatory authorities as to the approval or rejection of new or modified products;
 

changes in the amounts that we raise in financings or collaboration transactions and spend to develop, acquire or license new products, technologies or businesses;
 

changes in our expenditures to promote our products;
 

our sale or proposed sale, or the sale by our significant shareholders, of our ordinary shares or other securities in the future;
 

changes in key personnel;
 

success or failure of our research and development projects or those of our competitors;
 

the trading volume of our ordinary shares; and
 

general economic and market conditions and other factors, including factors unrelated to our operating performance.
 
These factors and any corresponding price fluctuations may materially and adversely affect the market price of our ordinary shares and result in substantial losses being incurred by our investors. In the past, following periods of market volatility, public company shareholders have often instituted securities class action litigation. If we were involved in securities litigation, it could impose a substantial cost upon us and divert the resources and attention of our management from our business.
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If equity research analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or if they issue unfavorable commentary or downgrade our ordinary shares, the price of our ordinary shares could decline.
 
The trading market for our ordinary shares relies in part on the research and reports that equity research analysts publish about us and our business, if at all. We do not have control over these analysts and we do not have commitments from them to write research reports about us. The price of our ordinary shares could decline if no research reports are published about us or our business, or if one or more equity research analysts downgrades our ordinary shares or if those analysts issue other unfavorable commentary or cease publishing reports about us or our business.

Future sales of our ordinary shares could reduce the market price of our ordinary shares.
 
If our shareholders, particularly our directors and their affiliates or our executive officers, sell a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market, the market price of our ordinary shares could decrease significantly. The perception in the public market that our shareholders might sell our ordinary shares could also depress the market price of our ordinary shares and could impair our future ability to obtain capital, especially through an offering of equity securities. In addition, the perception in the public market that we will need to issue new shares to raise capital and our sale of additional ordinary shares or similar securities in order to raise capital might have a similar negative impact on the share price of our ordinary shares. A decline in the price of our ordinary shares might impede our ability to raise capital through the issuance of additional ordinary shares or other equity securities, and may cause holders of our ordinary shares to lose part or all of their investment.

We have never paid cash dividends on our share capital, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
 
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our share capital, nor do we anticipate paying any cash dividends on our share capital in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our ordinary shares will be investors’ sole source of gain for the foreseeable future. In addition, Israeli law limits our ability to declare and pay dividends, and may subject our dividends to Israeli withholding taxes.

We are an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company” and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies may make our ordinary shares less attractive to investors.
 
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies.” Most of such requirements relate to disclosures that we would otherwise be required to make. For example, as an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for up to five fiscal years after the date of our initial public offering. We will remain an emerging growth company until December 31, 2019, the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the closing of our initial public offering.

We are also currently a “smaller reporting company,” as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. In the event that we are still considered a smaller reporting company when we cease being an emerging growth company, the disclosure we will be required to provide in our SEC filings will still be less than it would be if we were not considered either an emerging growth company or a smaller reporting company. For example, “smaller reporting companies” are able to provide simplified executive compensation disclosures in their filings and have certain other decreased disclosure obligations in their SEC filings, including, among other things, being required to provide only two years of audited financial statements in annual reports.

When we are no longer deemed to be an emerging growth company or a smaller reporting company, we will not be entitled to the exemptions discussed above. Decreased disclosures in our SEC filings due to our status as an emerging growth company or a smaller reporting company may make it harder for investors to analyze our results of operations and financial prospects. We cannot predict if investors will find our ordinary shares less attractive as a result of our reliance on these exemptions. If some investors find our ordinary shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our ordinary shares and our share price may be more volatile.

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Our U.S. shareholders may suffer adverse tax consequences if we are characterized as a passive foreign investment company.
 
Generally, if, for any taxable year, 75% or more of our gross income is passive income, or at least 50% of the average quarterly value of our assets (which may be determined in part by the market value of our ordinary shares, which is subject to change) are held for the production of, or produce, passive income, we would be characterized as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Based on certain estimates of our gross income and gross assets, our use of proceeds of our initial public offering, and the nature of our business, we believe that we were not classified as a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2018, and do not anticipate being classified as a PFIC for the taxable year ending December 31, 2019. Because we currently hold, and expect to continue to hold, a substantial amount of cash and cash equivalents and other passive assets used in our business, and because the value of our gross assets is likely to be determined in large part by reference to our market capitalization, a decline in the value of our ordinary shares may result in our becoming a PFIC. Accordingly, we may be considered a PFIC for any taxable year.

If we are characterized as a PFIC, our U.S. shareholders may suffer adverse tax consequences, including having gains realized on the sale of our ordinary shares treated as ordinary income, rather than as capital gain, the loss of the preferential rate applicable to dividends received on our ordinary shares by individuals who are U.S. Holders (as defined in the section titled “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” in our prospectus supplement filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2) on September 14, 2018 under our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (registration statement no. 333-224084, declared effective April 12, 2018)), and having interest charges apply to distributions by us and the proceeds of share sales. Certain elections exist that may alleviate some of the adverse consequences of PFIC status and would result in an alternative treatment (such as mark-to-market treatment) of our ordinary shares; however, we do not intend to provide the information necessary for U.S. holders to make qualified electing fund elections if we are classified as a PFIC.

If a United States person is treated as owning at least 10% of our common shares, such holder may be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.
 
If a U.S. Holder (as defined in the section titled “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” in our prospectus supplement filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2) on September 14, 2018 under our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (registration statement no. 333-224084, declared effective April 12, 2018)) is treated as owning (directly, indirectly or constructively) at least 10% of the value or voting power of our common shares, such U.S. Holder may be treated as a “United States shareholder” with respect to each “controlled foreign corporation” in our group. Because our group includes at least one U.S. subsidiary, if we were to form or acquire any non-U.S. subsidiaries in the future, they may be treated as controlled foreign corporations. A United States shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation may be required to annually report and include in its U.S. taxable income its pro rata share of “Subpart F income,” “global intangible low-taxed income” and investments in U.S. property by that controlled foreign corporation, regardless of whether that controlled foreign corporation, or we, make any distributions. An individual that is a United States shareholder with respect to a controlled foreign corporation generally would not be allowed certain tax deductions or foreign tax credits that would be allowed to a United States shareholder that is a U.S. corporation. We cannot provide any assurances that we will assist investors in determining whether any non-U.S. subsidiaries that we may form or acquire in the future will be treated as controlled foreign corporations or whether any such investor would be treated as a United States shareholder with respect to any of such controlled foreign corporations. Further, we cannot provide any assurances that we will furnish to any investor information that may be necessary to comply with the reporting and tax paying obligations discussed above. Failure to comply with these reporting obligations may subject a U.S. Holder to significant monetary penalties and may extend the statute of limitations with respect to its U.S. federal income tax return for the year for which reporting was due. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the potential application of these rules to their investment in our common shares.

Future changes to tax laws could materially adversely affect our company and reduce net returns to our shareholders.
 
Our tax treatment is subject to the enactment of, or changes in, tax laws, regulations and treaties, or the interpretation thereof, tax policy initiatives and reforms under consideration and the practices of tax authorities in jurisdictions in which we operate. Such changes may include (but are not limited to) the taxation of operating income, investment income, dividends received or (in the specific context of withholding tax) dividends paid. We are unable to predict what tax reform may be proposed or enacted in the future or what effect such changes would have on our business, but such changes, to the extent they are brought into tax legislation, regulations, policies or practices, could affect our financial position and overall or effective tax rates in the future in countries where we have operations, reduce post-tax returns to our shareholders, and increase the complexity, burden and cost of tax compliance.
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In addition, on December 22, 2017, U.S. federal tax legislation popularly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”) was signed into law, which significantly revised the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The overall impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act continues to be uncertain and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected by it or as a result of interpretations thereof. It is uncertain if and to what extent various states will conform to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The impact of this tax reform on holders of our common shares is also uncertain and could be adverse.

Tax authorities may disagree with our positions and conclusions regarding certain tax positions, resulting in unanticipated costs, taxes or non-realization of expected benefits.
 
A tax authority may disagree with tax positions that we have taken, which could result in increased tax liabilities. For example, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service or another tax authority could challenge our allocation of income by tax jurisdiction and the amounts paid between our affiliated companies pursuant to our intercompany arrangements and transfer pricing policies. Similarly, a tax authority could assert that we are subject to tax in a jurisdiction where we believe we have not established a taxable connection, often referred to as a “permanent establishment” under international tax treaties, and such an assertion, if successful, could increase our expected tax liability in one or more jurisdictions. A tax authority may take the position that material income tax liabilities, interest and penalties are payable by us, in which case we expect that we might contest such assessment. Contesting such an assessment may be lengthy and costly and, if we were unsuccessful in disputing the assessment, the result could increase our anticipated effective tax rate.

Risks Related to Our Operations in Israel
 
Our headquarters, research and development and other significant operations are located in Israel and, therefore, our results may be adversely affected by political, economic and military instability in Israel.
 
Our headquarters and research and development facilities are located in Rehovot, Israel. In addition, some of our key employees, officers and directors are residents of Israel. Accordingly, political, economic and military conditions in Israel may directly affect our business. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have taken place between Israel, its neighboring countries and other organizations. Any hostilities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade or transport between Israel and its trading partners could adversely affect our operations and results of operations. Further, certain countries, as well as certain companies and organizations, continue to participate in a boycott of Israeli businesses and businesses with large Israeli operations. Such boycott or other restrictive laws, policies or practices may have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition in the future. Further, certain countries, as well as certain companies and organizations, continue to participate in a boycott of Israeli businesses and businesses with large Israeli operations. Such boycott or other restrictive laws, policies or practices may have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition in the future. In addition, our operations could be disrupted by the obligations of personnel to perform military reserve service.

Provisions of Israeli law and our amended and restated articles of association may delay, prevent or otherwise impede a merger with, or an acquisition of, us, even when the terms of such a transaction are favorable to us and our shareholders.
 
Israeli corporate law regulates mergers, requires tender offers for acquisitions of shares above specified thresholds, requires special approvals for transactions involving directors, officers or significant shareholders and regulates other matters that may be relevant to such types of transactions. For example, a tender offer for all of a company’s issued and outstanding shares can only be completed if the acquirer receives positive responses from the holders of at least 95% of the issued share capital. Completion of the tender offer also requires approval of a majority of the offerees that do not have a personal interest in the tender offer unless, following consummation of the tender offer, the acquirer would hold at least 98% of the company’s outstanding shares. Furthermore, the shareholders, including those who indicated their acceptance of the tender offer, may, at any time within six months following the completion of the tender offer, petition an Israeli court to alter the consideration for the acquisition, unless the acquirer stipulated in its tender offer that a shareholder that accepts the offer may not seek such appraisal rights.

Furthermore, Israeli tax considerations may make potential transactions unappealing to us or to our shareholders whose country of residence does not have a tax treaty with Israel exempting such shareholders from Israeli tax. For example, Israeli tax law does not recognize tax-free share exchanges to the same extent as U.S. tax law. With respect to mergers, Israeli tax law allows for tax deferral in certain circumstances but makes the deferral contingent on the fulfillment of a number of conditions, including, in some cases, a holding period of two years from the date of the transaction during which sales and dispositions of shares of the participating companies are subject to certain restrictions. Moreover, with respect to certain share swap transactions, the tax deferral is limited in time, and when such time expires, the tax becomes payable even if no disposition of the shares has occurred.
52


It may be difficult to enforce a judgment of a United States court against us, our officers and directors in Israel or the United States, to assert United States securities laws claims in Israel or to serve process on our officers and directors.
 
We are incorporated in Israel. A significant number of our current executive officers and directors reside outside of the United States, and most of our assets and most of the assets of these persons are located outside of the United States. Therefore, a judgment obtained against us, or any of these persons, including a judgment based on the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws, may not be collectible in the United States and may not be enforced by an Israeli court. It also may be difficult for you to effect service of process on these persons in the United States or to assert United States securities law claims in original actions instituted in Israel. Israeli courts may refuse to hear a claim based on an alleged violation of United States securities laws reasoning that Israel is not the most appropriate forum in which to bring such a claim. In addition, even if an Israeli court agrees to hear a claim, it may determine that Israeli law and not United States law is applicable to the claim. If United States law is found to be applicable, the content of applicable United States law must be proven as a fact by expert witnesses, which can be a time consuming and costly process. Certain matters of procedure will also be governed by Israeli law.

There is little binding case law in Israel that addresses the matters described above. As a result of the difficulty associated with enforcing a judgment against us in Israel, holders of our ordinary shares may not be able to collect any damages awarded by either a United States or foreign court.

The rights and responsibilities of our shareholders are governed by Israeli law, which differs in some material respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders of United States companies.
 
The rights and responsibilities of the holders of our ordinary shares are governed by our amended articles of association and by Israeli law. These rights and responsibilities differ in some material respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders in U.S.-based companies. In particular, a shareholder of an Israeli company has a duty to act in good faith and in a customary manner in exercising its rights and performing its obligations towards the company and other shareholders, and to refrain from abusing its power in the company, including, among other things, in voting at a general meeting of shareholders on matters such as amendments to a company’s articles of association, increases in a company’s authorized share capital, mergers and acquisitions and related party transactions requiring shareholder approval. In addition, a shareholder who is aware that it possesses the power to determine the outcome of a vote at a meeting of the shareholders or to appoint or prevent the appointment of a director or executive officer in the company has a duty of fairness toward the company with regard to such vote or appointment. There is limited case law available to assist us in understanding the nature of this duty or the implications of these provisions. These provisions may be interpreted to impose additional obligations and liabilities on holders of our ordinary shares that are not typically imposed on shareholders of U.S. companies.

Sanctions and other trade control laws create the potential for significant liabilities, penalties and reputational harm.
 
As a company gearing toward the launch of commercial operations in the United States and overseas, we may be subject to national laws as well as international treaties and conventions controlling imports, exports, re-export and diversion of goods, services and technology. These include import and customs laws, export controls, trade embargoes and economic sanctions, denied party watch lists and anti-boycott measures (collectively “Customs and Trade Controls”). Applicable Customs and Trade Controls are administered by Israel’s Ministry of Finance, the U.S. Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), other U.S. agencies and other agencies of other jurisdictions where we do business. Customs and Trade Controls relate to a number of aspects of our business, including most notably the sales of finished goods and API as well as the licensing of our intellectual property, as provided above. Compliance with Customs and Trade Controls has been the subject of increasing focus and activity by regulatory authorities, both in the United States and elsewhere, in recent years. Although we have policies and procedures designed to address compliance with Customs and Trade Controls, actions by our employees, by third-party intermediaries (such as distributors and wholesalers) or others acting on our behalf in violation of relevant laws and regulations may expose us to liability and penalties for violations of Customs and Trade Controls and accordingly may have a material adverse effect on our reputation and our business, financial condition and results of operations.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

As consideration for the Credit Agreement, we issued a warrant to purchase Ordinary Shares to each of Perceptive and OrbiMed Partners Master Fund Limited, LP, or the Warrants. The Warrants have an exercise price of $2.09 per share, which is equal to the trailing five-day volume weighted average price of our Ordinary Shares on the trading day immediately prior to the closing date.  The Warrants are exercisable for a total of 1,100,000 Ordinary Shares and have an expiration date of July 29, 2026. The Warrants were issued pursuant to the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
53

Dividends

The Credit Agreement contains restrictive covenants prohibiting us, Foamix Pharmaceuticals Inc. and the Subsidiary Guarantors from paying cash dividends, subject to limited exceptions.

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. Other Information

None

ITEM 6. Exhibits


             Incorporated by Reference          
Exhibit Number
 
Description Of Document
 
Form
 
SEC File No.
 
Exhibit
 
Filing Date
 
Filed Herewith
3.1
   
10-Q
 
001-36621
 
3.1
 
May 7, 2019
   
                   
X
                   
X
                   
X
                    X
   
8-K
 
001-36621
 
10.1
 
July 30, 2019
   
   
8-K
 
001-36621
 
1.1
 
August 19, 2019
   
                   
X
                   
X
                   
X
                   
X
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document
                 
X
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
                 
X
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
                 
X
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Document
                 
X
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Document
                 
X
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
                 
X

* These certifications are being furnished solely to accompany this Quarterly Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and are not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, as amended, and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the registrant, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

** Certain schedules, exhibits, annexes and similar attachments have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit will be furnished supplementally to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
54

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 
FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
   
Date: November 12, 2019
By:
/s/ David Domzalski
   
David Domzalski
   
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
     
Date: November 12, 2019
By:
/s/ Ilan Hadar
   
Ilan Hadar
   
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

55

Exhibit 10.1
CREDIT AGREEMENT AND GUARANTY
 
dated as of
 
July 29, 2019
 
by and among
 
FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS INC.,
 
as the Borrower,
 
FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.,
as the Parent Guarantor,
 
THE SUBSIDIARY GUARANTORS FROM TIME TO TIME PARTY HERETO,
as the Subsidiary Guarantors,
 
THE LENDERS FROM TIME TO TIME PARTY HERETO
as the Lenders,
 
and
 
PERCEPTIVE CREDIT HOLDINGS II, LP,
as the Administrative Agent
 
U.S. $50,000,000
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1
     
 
1.01
Certain Defined Terms
1
     
 
1.02
Accounting Terms and Principles
29
     
 
1.03
Interpretation
29
     
31
     
 
2.01
Loans
31
     
 
2.02
Borrowing Procedures
31
     
 
2.03
Notes
31
     
 
2.04
Use of Proceeds
32
     
 
2.05
Sequence of Tranche 2 Borrowing Date and Tranche 3 Borrowing Date
32
     
 
2.06
Tax Treatment
32
     
32
     
 
3.01
Repayments and Prepayments Generally; Application
32
     
 
3.02
Interest
33
     
 
3.03
Prepayments; Prepayment Premium
33
     
35
     
 
4.01
Payments
35
     
 
4.02
Computations
35
     
 
4.03
Set-Off.
35
     
36
     
 
5.01
Additional Costs.
36
     
 
5.02
Illegality
37
     
 
5.03
Taxes
37
     
41
     
 
6.01
Conditions to the Borrowing of the Tranche 1 Loans
41
     
 
6.02
Conditions to the Borrowing of the Tranche 2 Loans
44
     
 
6.03
Conditions to the Borrowing of the Tranche 3 Loans
47

-ii-

TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)

49
     
 
7.01
Power and Authority
49
     
 
7.02
Authorization; Enforceability
49
     
 
7.03
Governmental and Other Approvals; No Conflicts
49
     
 
7.04
Financial Statements; Material Adverse Change
50
     
 
7.05
Properties
50
     
 
7.06
No Actions or Proceedings
54
     
 
7.07
Compliance with Laws and Agreements
54
     
 
7.08
Taxes
55
     
 
7.09
Full Disclosure
56
     
 
7.10
Investment Company Act and Margin Stock Regulation
56
     
 
7.11
Solvency
56
     
 
7.12
Equity Holders; Subsidiaries and Other Investments
56
     
 
7.13
Indebtedness and Liens
56
     
 
7.14
Material Agreements
57
     
 
7.15
Restrictive Agreements
57
     
 
7.16
Real Property
57
     
 
7.17
Pension Matters
57
     
 
7.18
Regulatory Approvals
58
     
 
7.19
Transactions with Affiliates
60
     
 
7.20
OFAC
60
     
 
7.21
Anti-Corruption
60
     
 
7.22
Deposit and Disbursement Accounts
60
     
 
7.23
Senior Secured Obligations; Priority of Obligations; Security Interests
60
     
 
7.24
Royalties and Other Payments
61
     
 
7.25
Non-Competes
61
     
 
7.26
Internal Controls
61
     
 
7.27
Reimbursement from Medical Reimbursement Programs
61

-iii-

TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)

61
     
 
8.01
Financial Statements and Other Information
61
     
 
8.02
Notices of Material Events
64
     
 
8.03
Existence; Conduct of Business
65
     
 
8.04
Payment of Obligations
65
     
 
8.05
Insurance
66
     
 
8.06
Books and Records; Inspection Rights
66
     
 
8.07
Compliance with Laws and Other Obligations
66
     
 
8.08
Maintenance of Properties, Etc
66
     
 
8.09
Licenses
67
     
 
8.10
Action under Environmental Laws
67
     
 
8.11
Use of Proceeds
67
     
 
8.12
Certain Obligations Respecting Subsidiaries; Further Assurances
67
     
 
8.13
Termination of Non-Permitted Liens
69
     
 
8.14
Intellectual Property
69
     
 
8.15
Litigation Cooperation
70
     
 
8.16
Maintenance of Regulatory Approvals, Contracts, Intellectual Property, Etc
70
     
 
8.17
ERISA Compliance
70
     
 
8.18
Cash Management
70
     
 
8.19
Post-Closing Covenants
71

-iv-


TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)

72
     
 
9.01
Indebtedness
72
     
 
9.02
Liens
73
     
 
9.03
Fundamental Changes, Acquisitions, Etc
75
     
 
9.04
Lines of Business
76
     
 
9.05
Investments
76
     
 
9.06
Restricted Payments
77
     
 
9.07
Payments of Indebtedness
78
     
 
9.08
Change in Fiscal Year
78
     
 
9.09
Sales of Assets, Etc
78
     
 
9.10
Transactions with Affiliates
79
     
 
9.11
Restrictive Agreements
80
     
 
9.12
Modifications and Terminations of Material Agreements and Organic Documents
80
     
 
9.13
Inbound and Outbound Licenses
80
     
 
9.14
Sales and Leasebacks
81
     
 
9.15
Hazardous Material
81
     
 
9.16
Accounting Changes
81
     
 
9.17
Compliance with ERISA
81
     
 
9.18
Inconsistent Agreements
81
     
 
9.19
Sanctions; Anti-Corruption Use of Proceeds
81

-v-

TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)

82
     
 
10.01
Minimum Liquidity
82
     
 
10.02
Minimum Net Revenue
82
     
82
     
 
11.01
Events of Default
82
     
 
11.02
Remedies
86
     
 
11.03
Additional Remedies
86
     
86
     
 
12.01
Appointment and Duties
86
     
 
12.02
Binding Effect
87
     
 
12.03
Use of Discretion
87
     
 
12.04
Delegation of Rights and Duties
88
     
 
12.05
Reliance and Liability
88
     
 
12.06
Administrative Agent Individually
89
     
 
12.07
Lender Credit Decision
89
     
 
12.08
Expenses; Indemnities
90
     
 
12.09
Resignation of the Administrative Agent
90
     
 
12.10
Release of Collateral or Guarantors
91
     
 
12.11
Additional Secured Parties
91
     
92
     
 
13.01
The Guarantee
92
     
 
13.02
Obligations Unconditional
92
     
 
13.03
Reinstatement
93
     
 
13.04
Subrogation
93
     
 
13.05
Remedies
93
     
 
13.06
Instrument for the Payment of Money
94
     
 
13.07
Continuing Guarantee
94
     
 
13.08
General Limitation on Guarantee Obligations
94

-vi-

TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)

94
     
 
14.01
No Waiver
94
     
 
14.02
Notices
94
     
 
14.03
Expenses, Indemnification, Etc
95
     
 
14.04
Amendments, Etc
96
     
 
14.05
Successors and Assigns
96
     
 
14.06
Survival
98
     
 
14.07
Captions
99
     
 
14.08
Counterparts
99
     
 
14.09
Governing Law
99
     
 
14.10
Jurisdiction, Service of Process and Venue
99
     
 
14.11
Waiver of Jury Trial
100
     
 
14.12
Waiver of Immunity
100
     
 
14.13
Entire Agreement
100
     
 
14.14
Severability
100
     
 
14.15
No Fiduciary Relationship
100
     
 
14.16
Confidentiality
100
     
 
14.17
Interest Rate Limitation
101
     
 
14.18
Judgment Currency
101
     
 
14.19
USA PATRIOT Act
102
     
 
14.20
Acknowledgement and Consent to Bail-In of EEA Financial Institutions
102
     
 
14.21
Release of Collateral and Guarantees; Non-Disturbance Agreements
102

-vii-

SCHEDULES AND EXHIBITS
 
Schedule 1          
-          
Commitments
Schedule 7.05(b)
-          
Products
Schedule 7.05(c)
-          
Material Intellectual Property
Schedule 7.06(a)
-          
Certain Litigation
Schedule 7.06(c)
-          
Labor Matters
Schedule 7.07(b)
-          
Referral Sources
Schedule 7.07(d)
-          
Investigations
Schedule 7.08 
-          
Taxes
Schedule 7.12(a)
-          
Information Regarding Subsidiaries
Schedule 7.12(b)
-          
Equity Interests Owned by the Obligors
Schedule 7.13(a)
-          
Existing Indebtedness
Schedule 7.13(b)
-          
Existing Liens
Schedule 7.14
-          
Material Agreements of Obligors
Schedule 7.15
-          
Restrictive Agreements
Schedule 7.16
-          
Real Property Owned or Leased by Borrower or any Subsidiary
Schedule 7.17
-          
Pension Matters
Schedule 7.18(b)
-          
Regulatory Approvals
Schedule 7.18(d)
-          
Adverse Findings
Schedule 7.19
-          
Transactions with Affiliates
Schedule 7.22
-          
Deposit and Disbursement Accounts
Schedule 7.24
-          
Royalties and Other Payments
Schedule 9.05
-          
Existing Investments
Schedule 9.14
-          
Permitted Sales and Leasebacks
     
Exhibit A
-          
Form of Note
Exhibit B
-          
Form of Borrowing Notice
Exhibit C
-          
Form of Guarantee Assumption Agreement
Exhibit D-1
-          
Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Lenders That Are Not Partnerships for U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)
Exhibit D-2
-          
Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Participants That Are Not Partnerships for U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)
Exhibit D-3
-          
Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Participants That Are Partnerships for U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)
Exhibit D-4
-          
Form of U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate (For Foreign Lenders That Are Partnerships for U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)
Exhibit E
-          
Form of Compliance Certificate
Exhibit F
-          
Form of Assignment and Assumption
Exhibit G
-          
Form of Information Certificate
Exhibit H
-          
Form of Warrant
Exhibit I
-          
Form of Solvency Certificate
Exhibit J
-          
Form of Intercompany Subordination Agreement


 
CREDIT AGREEMENT AND GUARANTY
 
CREDIT AGREEMENT AND GUARANTY, dated as of July 29, 2019 (this “Agreement”), by and among Foamix Pharmaceuticals Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd., an Israeli limited liability company (the “Parent Guarantor”), certain Subsidiaries of the Parent Guarantor from time to time party hereto, Perceptive Credit Holdings II, LP, OrbiMed Royalty & Credit Opportunities III, LP, and each other lender that may from time to time become a party hereto (each a “Lender” and collectively, the “Lenders”), and Perceptive Credit Holdings II, LP, as administrative agent for the Lenders (in such capacity, the “Administrative Agent”).
 
WITNESSETH:
 
WHEREAS, the Borrower has requested that the Lenders provide a senior secured delayed draw term loan facility to the Borrower in an aggregate principal amount of $50,000,000, with up to $15,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of Loans to be available on the Closing Date (each a “Tranche 1 Loan”), up to $20,000,000 in principal amount of Loans to be available after the Closing Date but prior to February 28, 2020 (each a “Tranche 2 Loan”), and up to $15,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of Loans to be available after the Closing Date but prior to September 30, 2020 (each a “Tranche 3 Loan”), in each case, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, including the applicable terms and conditions set forth in Section 6 hereof; and
 
WHEREAS, the Lenders are willing, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, to provide such senior secured delayed draw term loan facility.
 
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:
 
SECTION 1.
DEFINITIONS
 
1.01       Certain Defined Terms As used herein, the following terms have the following respective meanings:
 
Acquisition” means any transaction, or any series of related transactions, by which any Person directly or indirectly, by means of a tender offer, amalgamation, consolidation, merger, purchase of assets, or similar transaction having the same effect as any of the foregoing, (i) acquires all or substantially all of the assets of any other Person, (ii) acquires all or substantially all of a business line or unit or division of any other Person, (iii) with respect to any other Person that is managed or governed by a Board, acquires control of Equity Interests of such other Person representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the ordinary voting power (determined on a fully-diluted basis) for the election of directors of such Person’s Board, or (iv) acquires control of more than fifty percent (50%) of the Equity Interests in any other Person (determined on a fully-diluted basis) that is not managed by a Board.
 
Administrative Agent” has the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto.
 

Adverse Regulatory Event” means the occurrence of any of the following events or circumstances:
 
(a)           (i) the failure of any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries to hold, directly or through licensees or agents, all Regulatory Approvals necessary or required for such Obligor or any such Subsidiary to conduct its respective operations and businesses, including all Product Commercialization and Development Activities; or (ii) the failure of any such necessary or required Regulatory Approval to be valid or otherwise effective and in full force and effect for purposes of conducting such operations and businesses, including all Product Commercialization and Development Activities;
 
(b)           (i) the failure of any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries to make or file with the FDA or any other applicable Regulatory Authority any required notice, registration, listing, supplemental application or notification or report, including any field alert or other report of any adverse experience (each a “Regulatory Filing”), with respect to any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activity; or (ii) if filed, the failure of any such Regulatory Filing (at the time of such filing) to be materially complete, correct and in compliance with the applicable Law requiring such Regulatory Filing to be made;
 
(c)           in connection with any clinical, preclinical, safety or other studies or tests being conducted by (or on behalf of) any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries for purposes of obtaining regulatory clearance of, or any Regulatory Approval for, any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activities (i) any clinical, pre-clinical, safety or other required trial, study or test to be conducted in material compliance with any applicable Law or Regulatory Approval and in accordance with any applicable Product Standard; (ii) the failure of any related clinical trial site to be monitored in material compliance with all applicable Laws, Regulatory Approvals and Product Standards; or (iii) the receipt by any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries of written notice from the FDA or any other Regulatory Authority requiring the termination or suspension of any such clinical, preclinical, safety or other study or test;
 
(d)           any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of any Obligor, any agent, supplier, licensor or licensee of any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries, receives any warning letter or notice or similar document with respect to any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activities from any Regulatory Authority that asserts (i) that such Person lacks a required Regulatory Approval with respect to such Product or Product Commercialization and Development Activity; or (ii) a material lack of compliance with any applicable Laws, Product Standards or Regulatory Approvals (or any similar order, injunction or decree);
 
(e)           any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries is notified in writing that a Regulatory Authority has commenced any regulatory action, with respect to any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activities; or
 
(f)            with respect to any Product or Product Commercialization and Development Activity, (i) any product recall, safety alert, correction, withdrawal, marketing suspension or removal, or any closure or suspension of any related manufacturing facility or operation, in each case whether voluntary or involuntary, is mandated, conducted, undertaken or issued, as the case may be, at the request, demand or order of any Regulatory Authority; (ii) any Regulatory Authority commences any criminal, injunctive, seizure, detention or civil penalty action, or (iii) any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries enters into any consent decree, plea agreement or other settlement with any Regulatory Authority with respect to any of the foregoing.
 
2

Affiliate” means, with respect to a specified Person, another Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, Controls or is Controlled by or is under common Control with the Person specified; provided that with respect to any Lender, an Affiliate of such Lender shall include, without limitation, all of such Lender’s Related Funds.
 
Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto.
 
ANDA” means (i) (x) an abbreviated new drug application (as defined in the FD&C Act) and (y) any similar application or functional equivalent relating to any generic new drug application applicable to or required by any non-U.S. country, jurisdiction or Governmental Authority, and (ii) all supplements, amendments or other Regulatory Filings that may be filed with respect to any of the foregoing.
 
Applicable Margin” means eight and one-quarter percent (8.25%), as such percentage may be increased pursuant to Section 3.02(b).
 
Asset Sale” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.09.
 
Assignment and Assumption” means an assignment and assumption entered into by a Lender and an assignee of such Lender in substantially the form of Exhibit F.
 
Bail-In Action” means the exercise of any Write-Down and Conversion Powers by the applicable EEA Resolution Authority in respect of any liability of an EEA Financial Institution.
 
Bail-In Legislation” means, with respect to any EEA Member Country implementing Article 55 of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union, the implementing law for such EEA Member Country from time to time which is described in the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule.
 
Bailee Letter” means a bailee letter substantially in the form of Exhibit F to the Security Agreement.
 
Bankruptcy Code” means Title 11 of the United States Code entitled “Bankruptcy.”
 
Benefit Plan” means any employee benefit plan as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA (whether governed by the laws of the United States or otherwise) to which any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries incurs or otherwise has any obligation or liability, contingent or otherwise.
 
BLA” means (i) (x) a biologics license application (as defined in the FD&C Act) to introduce, or deliver for introduction, a biologic product, including vaccines into commerce in the U.S., or any successor application or procedure and (y) any similar application or functional equivalent relating to biologics licensing applicable to or required by any non-U.S. country, jurisdiction or Governmental Authority, and (ii) all supplements, amendments or other Regulatory Filings that may be filed with respect to the foregoing.
 
3

Board” means, with respect to any Person, the board of directors, or equivalent management or oversight body, of such Person and each committee thereof duly authorized to act on behalf of such board or equivalent body.
 
Borrower” has the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto.
 
Borrower Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 14.03(b).
 
Borrowing” means, as the context may require, either the borrowing of the Tranche 1 Loans on the Closing Date, the borrowing of the Tranche 2 Loans on the Tranche 2 Borrowing Date or the borrowing of the Tranche 3 Loans on the Tranche 3 Borrowing Date.
 
Borrowing Date” means, as the context may require, either the Closing Date (for Tranche 1 Loans), the Tranche 2 Borrowing Date (for Tranche 2 Loans) and the Tranche 3 Borrowing Date (for Tranche 3 Loans).
 
Borrowing Notice” means a written notice substantially in the form of Exhibit B.
 
Business Day” means a day (other than a Saturday or Sunday) on which commercial banks are not authorized or required to close in New York, New York.
 
Capital Lease Obligation” means, as to any Person, any obligation of such Person to pay rent or other amounts under a lease of (or other agreement conveying the right to use) real and/or personal property, which obligation is required to be classified and accounted for as a capital lease on a balance sheet of such Person under GAAP and, for purposes of this Agreement, the amount of any such obligation shall be the capitalized amount thereof, determined in accordance with GAAP.
 
Casualty Event” means the damage, destruction or condemnation, as the case may be, of any property of any Person.
 
CFC” means a “controlled foreign corporation” as defined in Section 957 of the Code.
 
cGMP” means (i) the FDA’s current good manufacturing practice, (ii) any similar or functionally equivalent guidelines or requirements applicable to, or required by, any non-U.S. jurisdiction or Governmental Authority and (iii) all supplements, amendments, or Regulatory filings related to any of the foregoing.
 
Change of Control” means an event or series of events (including any Acquisition) that causes or results in any of the following: (i) by any Person or two or more Persons acting in concert shall have acquired beneficial ownership, directly or indirectly, of, or shall have acquired by Contract or otherwise, or shall have entered into a Contract or arrangement that, upon consummation, will result in its or their acquisition of or control over, voting stock of the Parent Guarantor representing thirty-five percent (35%) or more of the combined voting power of all voting stock of the Parent Guarantor; (ii) the Parent Guarantor fails to own, directly or indirectly, beneficially and of record, one hundred percent (100%) of the issued and outstanding Equity Interests of any of its Subsidiaries, free and clear of all Liens (except for Permitted Liens) unless otherwise permitted hereunder; or (iii) the sale of all or substantially all of the property or businesses of the Parent Guarantor, the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole; provided that any consolidation or merger effected exclusively to change the domicile of the Parent Guarantor or to form a holding company in which the shareholders of the Parent Guarantor immediately prior to such consolidation or merger own Equity Interests representing economic interests and voting power with respect to such redomiciled entity or holding company in the same proportions as their ownership of Equity Interests of the Parent Guarantor shall not constitute a Change of Control.
 
4

Claim” means any claim, demand, complaint, grievance, action, application, suit, cause of action, order, charge, indictment, prosecution, judgment or other similar process, assessment or reassessment, whether made, converted or assessed in connection with a debt, liability, dispute, breach, failure or otherwise.
 
Closing Date” means July 29, 2019.
 
Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended form time to time, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder from time to time.
 
Collateral” means any asset or property in which a Lien is purported to be granted under any Loan Document, including future acquired or created assets or property (or all such assets or property, as the context may require).
 
Commitment” means, with respect to each Lender, the obligation of such Lender to make Loans to the Borrower on the applicable Borrowing Date in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, which commitments are in the amounts set forth opposite such Lender’s name on Schedule 1 hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption or otherwise; provided that the aggregate Commitments of all Lenders on the Closing Date equal $50,000,000.
 
Commodity Account” means any commodity account, as such term is defined in Section 9-102 of the NY UCC.
 
Competitor” means any Person that is principally in the business of research and development or commercialization activities, in each case, in respect of drug candidates or products for the treatment of dermatological conditions.
 
Compliance Certificate” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.01(c).
 
Connection Income Taxes” means Other Connection Taxes that are imposed on or measured by net income (however denominated) or that are franchise Taxes or branch profits Taxes.
 
Contract” means any contract, license, lease, agreement, obligation, promise, undertaking, understanding, arrangement, document, commitment, entitlement, indenture, instrument or engagement under which a Person has, or will have, any liability or contingent liability (in each case, whether written or oral, express or implied, and whether in respect of monetary or payment obligations, performance obligations or otherwise).
 
5

Control” means, in respect of a particular Person, the possession by one or more other Persons, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such particular Person, whether through the ability to exercise voting power, by contract or otherwise.  “Controlling” and “Controlled” (and similar derivatives) have meanings correlative thereto.
 
Controlled Account” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.18(a).
 
Copyright” means all copyrights, copyright registrations and applications for copyright registrations, including all renewals and extensions thereof, all rights to recover for past, present or future infringements thereof, and all other rights whatsoever accruing thereunder or pertaining thereto throughout the world.
 
Default” means any Event of Default and any event that, upon the giving of notice, the lapse of time or both, would constitute an Event of Default.
 
Default Rate” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(b).
 
Deposit Account” means any deposit account, as such term is defined in Section 9-102 of the NY UCC.
 
Designated Jurisdiction” means any country or territory to the extent that such country or territory is the subject of any Sanction.
 
Disqualified Equity Interests” means, with respect to any Person, any Equity Interest of such Person that, by its terms (or by the terms of any security or other Equity Interest into which it is convertible or for which it is exchangeable upon exercise or otherwise), or upon the happening of any event or condition (i) matures or is mandatorily redeemable (other than solely for Qualified Equity Interests), including pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise, (ii) is redeemable at the option of the holder thereof (other than solely for Qualified Equity Interests), in whole or in part, (iii) provides for the scheduled payments of dividends or other distributions in cash or other securities that would constitute Disqualified Equity Interests, or (iv) is or becomes convertible into or exchangeable for Indebtedness or any other Equity Interests that would constitute Disqualified Equity Interests, in each case, prior to the date that is one hundred and eighty (180) days after the scheduled Maturity Date; provided that, if such Equity Interests are issued pursuant to any plan for the benefit of directors, officers, employees or consultants of such Person or by any such plan to such directors, officers, employees or consultants, such Equity Interests shall not constitute Disqualified Equity Interests solely because they may be required to be repurchased by such Person upon the death, disability, retirement or termination of employment or service of such director, officer, employee or consultant.
 
Dollars” and “$” means lawful money of the United States.
 
Domestic Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary that is incorporated, formed or organized under the laws of the United States, any state of the United States or the District of Columbia.
 
6

Draw Fee” means a fee payable on each Borrowing Date in an amount equal to one percent (1.0%) of the aggregate principal amount of all Loans made on such Borrowing Date, which fee shall be shared by the Lenders in accordance with their respective Proportionate Shares.
 
EEA Financial Institution” means (i) any credit institution or investment firm established in any EEA Member Country which is subject to the supervision of an EEA Resolution Authority, (ii) any entity established in an EEA Member Country which is a parent of an institution described in clause (i) of this definition, or (iii) any financial institution established in an EEA Member Country which is a subsidiary of an institution described in clauses (i) or (ii) of this definition and is subject to consolidated supervision with its parent.
 
EEA Member Country” means any of the member states of the European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway.
 
EEA Resolution Authority” means any public administrative authority or any person entrusted with public administrative authority of any EEA Member Country (including any delegee) having responsibility for the resolution of any EEA Financial Institution.
 
Eligible Transferee” means and includes (i) any commercial bank, (ii) any insurance company, (iii) any finance company, (iv) any financial institution, (v) any investment fund that invests in loans or other obligations for borrowed money, (vi) with respect to any Lender, any of its Affiliates, and (vii) any other “accredited investor” (as defined in Regulation D of the Securities Act) that is principally in the business of managing investments or holding assets for investment purposes; provided that the term “Eligible Transferee” shall not include (x) any hedge fund or private equity fund that principally invests in distressed debt (but may include any Affiliated fund or Person that does not principally invest in distressed debt), and (y) any Competitor of the Parent Guarantor or principal equity investor in any such Competitor of the Parent Guarantor.
 
Environmental Law” means any federal, state, provincial or local governmental law, rule, regulation, order, writ, judgment, injunction or decree, whether U.S. or non-U.S., relating to pollution or protection of the environment or the treatment, storage, disposal, release, threatened release or handling of hazardous materials, and all local laws and regulations, whether U.S. or non-U.S., related to environmental matters and any specific agreements entered into with any competent authorities which include commitments related to environmental matters.
 
Equity Interests” means, with respect to any Person (an “issuer”), all shares of, interests or participations in, or other equivalents in respect of such issuer’s capital stock, including all membership interests, partnership interests or equivalent, and all debt or other securities (including warrants, options and similar rights) directly or indirectly exchangeable, exercisable or otherwise convertible into, such issuer’s capital stock, whether now outstanding or issued after the Closing Date, and in each case however designated and whether voting or non-voting.
 
Equivalent Amount” means, with respect to an amount denominated in a single currency, the amount in another currency that could be purchased by the amount in the former currency determined by reference to the Exchange Rate at the time of determination.
 
ERISA” means the United States Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.
 
7

ERISA Affiliate” means, collectively, the Parent Guarantor, any of its Subsidiaries, and any Person under common control, or treated as a single employer, with the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries, within the meaning of Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code.
 
ERISA Event” means (i) a reportable event as defined in Section 4043 of ERISA with respect to a Title IV Plan, excluding, however, such events as to which the PBGC by regulation has waived the requirement of Section 4043(a) of ERISA that it be notified within thirty (30) days of the occurrence of such event; (ii) the applicability of the requirements of Section 4043(b) of ERISA with respect to a contributing sponsor, as defined in Section 4001(a)(13) of ERISA, to any Title IV Plan where an event described in paragraph (9), (10), (11), (12) or (13) of Section 4043(c) of ERISA is reasonably expected to occur with respect to such plan within the following thirty (30) days; (iii) a withdrawal by any ERISA Affiliate from a Title IV Plan or the termination of any Title IV Plan resulting in liability under Sections 4063 or 4064 of ERISA; (iv) the withdrawal of any ERISA Affiliate in a complete or partial withdrawal (within the meaning of Section 4203 and 4205 of ERISA) from any Multiemployer Plan if there is any potential liability therefore, or the receipt by any ERISA Affiliate of notice from any Multiemployer Plan that it is in reorganization or insolvency pursuant to Section 4241 or 4245 of ERISA; (v) the filing of a notice of intent to terminate, the treatment of a plan amendment as a termination under Section 4041 or 4041A of ERISA, or the commencement of proceedings by the PBGC to terminate a Title IV Plan or Multiemployer Plan; (vi) the imposition of liability on any ERISA Affiliate pursuant to Sections 4062(e) or 4069 of ERISA or by reason of the application of Section 4212(c) of ERISA; (vii) the failure by any ERISA Affiliate to make any required contribution to a Plan, or the failure to meet the minimum funding standard of Section 412 of the Code with respect to any Title IV Plan (whether or not waived in accordance with Section 412(c) of the Code) or the failure to make by its due date a required installment under Section 430 of the Code with respect to any Title IV Plan or the failure to make any required contribution to a Multiemployer Plan; (viii) the determination that any Title IV Plan is considered an at-risk plan or a plan in endangered to critical status within the meaning of Sections 430, 431 and 432 of the Code or Sections 303, 304 and 305 of ERISA; (ix) an event or condition which might reasonably be expected to constitute grounds under Section 4042 of ERISA for the termination of, or the appointment of a trustee to administer, any Title IV Plan or Multiemployer Plan; (x) the imposition of any liability under Title I or Title IV of ERISA, other than PBGC premiums due but not delinquent under Section 4007 of ERISA, upon any ERISA Affiliate; (xi) an application for a funding waiver under Section 303 of ERISA or an extension of any amortization period pursuant to Section 412 of the Code with respect to any Title IV Plan; (xii) the occurrence of a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Sections 406 or 407 of ERISA for which the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries may be directly or indirectly liable; (xiii) a violation of the applicable requirements of Section 404 or 405 of ERISA or the exclusive benefit rule under Section 401(a) of the Code by any fiduciary or disqualified person for which any ERISA Affiliate may be directly or indirectly liable; (xiv) the occurrence of an act or omission which could reasonably be expected to give rise to the imposition on any ERISA Affiliate of fines, penalties, taxes or related charges under Chapter 43 of the Code or under Sections 409, 502(c), (i) or (1) or 4071 of ERISA; (xv) the assertion of a material claim (other than routine claims for benefits) against any Plan or the assets thereof, or against the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries in connection with any such plan; (xvi) receipt from the IRS of notice of the failure of any Qualified Plan to qualify under Section 401(a) of the Code, or the failure of any trust forming part of any Qualified Plan to fail to qualify for exemption from taxation under Section 501(a) of the Code; (xvii) the imposition of any Lien (or the fulfillment of the conditions for the imposition of any Lien) on any of the rights, properties or assets of any ERISA Affiliate, in either case pursuant to Title I or IV, including Section 302(f) or 303(k) of ERISA or to Section 401(a)(29) or 430(k) of the Code; or (xviii) the establishment or amendment by the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries of any “welfare plan”, as such term is defined in Section 3(1) of ERISA, that provides post-employment welfare benefits in a manner that would increase the liability of any Obligor.
 
8

ERISA Funding Rules” means the rules regarding minimum required contributions (including any installment payment thereof) to Title IV Plans, as set forth in Sections 412, 430, 431, 432 and 436 of the Code and Sections 302, 303, 304 and 305 of ERISA.
 
EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule” means the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule published by the Loan Market Association (or any successor Person), as in effect from time to time.
 
Event of Default” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.01.
 
Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
 
Exchange Rate” means, as of any date of determination, the rate at which any currency may be exchanged into another currency, as set forth on the relevant Reuters screen at or about 11:00 a.m. (New York City time) on such date. In the event that such rate does not appear on the Reuters screen, the “Exchange Rate” shall be determined by reference to such other publicly available service for displaying exchange rates as may be reasonably designated by the Administrative Agent.
 
Excluded Account” means, collectively, (i) accounts used exclusively for payroll, the withheld employee portion of payroll taxes and other employee wage and benefit payments, (ii) merchant accounts (including, but not limited to, accounts in respect of Square, PayPal and Stripe), (iii) accounts constituting cash collateral accounts subject to Liens permitted pursuant to Section 9.02(l) and (iv) accounts with financial institutions in Israel.
 
Excluded Taxes” means any of the following Taxes imposed on or with respect to a Recipient or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to a Recipient: (i) Taxes imposed on or measured by net income (however denominated), franchise Taxes and branch profits Taxes, in each case, (x) imposed as a result of such Recipient being organized under the laws of, or having its principal office or, in the case of any Lender, its applicable lending office located in, the jurisdiction imposing such Tax (or any political subdivisions thereof) or (y) that are Other Connection Taxes, (ii) in the case of a Lender, U.S. federal withholding Taxes imposed on amounts payable to or for the account of such Lender with respect to an applicable interest in a Loan or Commitment pursuant to a law in effect on the date on which (1) such Lender acquires such interest in the Loan or Commitment or (2) such Lender changes its lending office, except in each case to the extent that, pursuant to Section 5.03, amounts with respect to such Taxes were payable either to such Lender’s assignor immediately before such Lender became a party hereto or to such Lender immediately before it changed its lending office, (iii) Taxes attributable to such Recipient’s failure to comply with Section 5.03(f), (iv) any U.S. federal withholding Taxes imposed under FATCA and (v) any Taxes payable in connection with the Warrants or Warrant Obligations (excluding Israeli VAT, if applicable).  For clarity, under no circumstance shall any Israeli VAT or Israeli withholding Tax be considered an Excluded Tax.
 
9

Expense Deposit” means the cash deposit referenced in the Proposal Letter.
 
FATCA” means Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, as of the date of this Agreement (or any amended or successor version that is substantively comparable and not materially more onerous to comply with), any current or future regulations or official interpretations thereof, any agreements entered into pursuant to Section 1471(b)(1) of the Code and any fiscal or regulatory legislation, rules or practices adopted pursuant to any intergovernmental agreement, treaty or convention among Governmental Authorities and implementing such Sections of the Code.
 
FD&C Act” means the U.S. Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938 (or any successor thereto), as amended from time to time, and the rules, regulations, guidelines, guidance documents and compliance policy guides issued or promulgated thereunder.
 
FDA” means the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and any successor entity.
 
Federal Funds Effective Rate” means, for any day, the greater of (i) the rate calculated by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York based on such day’s federal funds transactions by depositary institutions (as determined in such manner as the Federal Reserve Bank of New York sets forth on its public website from time to time) and published on the next succeeding Business Day by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as the federal funds effective rate and (ii) zero percent (0%).
 
Finacea IP” means the patents in the FDA’s “Orange Book” for Finacea.
 
Foreign Lender” means a Lender that is not a U.S. Person.
 
Foreign Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary other than a Domestic Subsidiary.
 
FSHCO” means a Subsidiary that owns (directly or indirectly) no material assets other than Equity Interests (or Equity Interests and debt interests) of one or more CFCs.
 
FMX101” is defined in Section 6.02(e).
 
FMX101 Approval” is defined in Section 6.02(e).
 
FMX101 Manufacturing Contract” is defined in Section 6.02(e).
 
FMX103” means 1.5% minocycline hydrochloride foam for the treatment of moderate to severe papulopustular rosacea.
 
FMX Product” means, as the context may require, either FMX101 or FMX103.
 
GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, as in effect from time to time, set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, in the statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board and in such other statements by such other entity as may be in general use by significant segments of the accounting profession that are applicable to the circumstances as of the date of determination; provided that all references to “GAAP” used herein shall be to GAAP applied consistently with the principles used in the preparation of the financial statements delivered pursuant to Section 6.01(e)(i).
 
10

GLP” means (i) the FDA’s good laboratories practices in respect of laboratory tests, animal studies, formulation studies and the like, (ii) any similar or functionally equivalent guidelines or requirements applicable to, or required by, any non-U.S. jurisdiction or Governmental Authority and (iii) all supplements, amendment or other Regulatory filings related to the foregoing.
 
Governmental Approval” means any consent, authorization, approval, order, license, franchise, permit, certification, accreditation, registration, clearance, exemption, filing or notice that is issued or granted by or from (or pursuant to any act of) any Governmental Authority, including any application or submission related to any of the foregoing.
 
Governmental Authority” means any nation, government, branch of power (whether executive, legislative or judicial), state, province or municipality or other political subdivision thereof and any entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, monetary, regulatory or administrative functions of or pertaining to government, including without limitation regulatory authorities, governmental departments, agencies, commissions, bureaus, officials, ministers, courts, bodies, boards, tribunals and dispute settlement panels, and other law-, rule- or regulation-making organizations or entities of any state, territory, county, city or other political subdivision of any country, in each case whether U.S. or non-U.S.
 
Guarantee” of or by any Person (the “guarantor”) means any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of the guarantor guaranteeing or having the economic effect of guaranteeing any Indebtedness or other monetary obligation of any other Person (the “primary obligor”) in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, and including any obligation of the guarantor, direct or indirect, (i) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Indebtedness or other monetary obligation or to purchase (or to advance or supply funds for the purchase of) any security for the payment thereof, (ii) to purchase or lease property, securities or services for the purpose of assuring the owner of such Indebtedness or other monetary obligation of the payment thereof, (iii) to maintain working capital, equity capital or any other financial statement condition or liquidity of the primary obligor so as to enable the primary obligor to pay such Indebtedness or other monetary obligation or (iv) as an account party in respect of any letter of credit or letter of guaranty issued to support such Indebtedness or monetary obligation; provided, that the term Guarantee shall not include endorsements for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business.
 
Guarantee Assumption Agreement” means a Guarantee Assumption Agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit C executed by any entity that, pursuant to Section 8.12, is required to become a “Subsidiary Guarantor”.
 
Guaranteed Obligations” has the meaning set forth in Section 13.01.
 
11

Guarantors” means the Parent Guarantor and any Subsidiary Guarantors.
 
Hazardous Material” means any substance, element, chemical, compound, product, solid, gas, liquid, waste, by-product, pollutant, contaminant or material which is hazardous or toxic, and includes, without limitation, (i) asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls and petroleum (including crude oil or any fraction thereof) and (ii) any material classified or regulated as “hazardous” or “toxic” or words of like import pursuant to an Environmental Law.
 
Healthcare Laws” means, collectively, all Laws and Regulatory Approvals applicable to any Product, the ownership or use of any Product or the regulation of any Product Commercialization and Development Activities conducted by or on behalf of the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries, whether U.S. or non-U.S., including, without limitation, (i) all Laws, rules and regulations promulgated or enforced by the FDA pursuant to the FD&C Act or any non-U.S. equivalents; (ii) all federal and state fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute (42 U.S.C. §1320a-7b(b)), the Stark Law (42 U.S.C. §1395nn), the civil False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. §3729 et seq.), the administrative False Claims Law (42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7b(a)), the Anti-Inducement Law (42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7a(a)(5)), the exclusion laws (42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7); (iii) the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009; (iv) Sections 1128B(b) and 1877 of the Social Security Act, in each case as amended; (v) the FD&C Act, including all applicable Good Manufacturing Practice requirements addressed in the FDA’s regulations (e.g., for biological drugs 21 C.F.R. Parts 210 & 211, and 600 et seq.); (vi) 42 U.S.C. ch. 6A § 201 et seq. (“PHS Act”); (vii) all Laws and Regulatory Approvals with respect to the provision of Medicare and Medicaid programs or services (42 C.F.R. Chapter IV et seq.); (viii) 10 U.S.C. §§1071 – 1110(b) (the “TRICARE Program”); (ix) 5 U.S.C. §§ 8901 – 8914 (“FEHB Plans”); (x) 21 C.F.R. et seq. (“PDMA”); and (xi) any and all comparable U.S. and non-U.S. Laws and other applicable health care laws and regulations.
 
Hedging Agreement” means any interest rate exchange agreement, foreign currency exchange agreement, commodity price protection agreement or other interest or currency exchange rate or commodity price hedging arrangement.
 
Immaterial Subsidiary” means any Foreign Subsidiary that is not a Material Subsidiary.
 
IND” means (i) (x) an investigational new drug application (as defined in the FD&C Act) that is required to be filed with the FDA before beginning clinical testing in human subjects, or any successor application or procedure, and (y) any similar application or functional equivalent relating to any investigational new drug application applicable to or required by any non-U.S. country, jurisdiction or Governmental Authority, and (ii) all supplements, amendments and other Regulatory Filings that may be filed with respect to the foregoing.
 
Indebtedness” of any Person means, without duplication, (i) all obligations of such Person for borrowed money, (ii) all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes, loan agreements or similar instruments, (iii) all obligations of such Person upon which interest charges are customarily paid, (iv) all obligations of such Person under conditional sale or other title retention agreements relating to property acquired by such Person, (v) all obligations of such Person in respect of the deferred purchase price of property or services (excluding accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business not overdue by more than one hundred twenty (120) days), (vi) all Indebtedness of others secured by (or for which the holder of such Indebtedness has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any Lien on property owned or acquired by such Person, whether or not the Indebtedness secured thereby has been assumed, (vii) all Guarantees by such Person of Indebtedness of others, (viii) all Capital Lease Obligations of such Person, (ix) all obligations, contingent or otherwise, of such Person as an account party in respect of letters of credit and letters of guaranty, (x) obligations under any Hedging Agreement, currency swaps, forwards, futures or derivatives transactions, (xi) all obligations, contingent or otherwise, of such Person in respect of bankers’ acceptances, (xii) all obligations of such Person under license or other agreements containing a guaranteed minimum payment or purchase by such Person, other than operating leases entered into in the ordinary course of business and any such license or other agreement for the purchase of goods, software and other intangibles, services or supplies in the ordinary course of business, (xiii) any Disqualified Equity Interests of such Person, and (xiv) all other obligations required to be classified as indebtedness of such Person under GAAP. The Indebtedness of any Person shall include the Indebtedness of any other entity (including any partnership in which such Person is a general partner) to the extent such Person is liable therefor as a result of such Person’s ownership interest in or other relationship with such entity, except to the extent the terms of such Indebtedness provide that such Person is not liable therefor.
 
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Indemnified Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 14.03(b).
 
Indemnified Taxes” means (i) Taxes, other than Excluded Taxes, imposed on or with respect to any payment made by or on account of any Obligation and (ii) to the extent not otherwise described in clause (i), Other Taxes.
 
Information Certificate” means the Information and Collateral Certificate in substantially the form set forth in Exhibit G.
 
Insolvency Proceeding” means (i) any case, action or proceeding before any court, whether U.S. or non-U.S., or other Governmental Authority relating to bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, liquidation, receivership, dissolution, winding-up or relief of debtors, or (ii) any general assignment for the benefit of creditors, composition, marshaling of assets for creditors, or other, similar arrangement in respect of any Person’s creditors generally or any substantial portion of such Person’s creditors, in each case undertaken under U.S. federal, state or foreign law, including the Bankruptcy Code.
 
Intellectual Property” means all Patents, Trademarks, Copyrights, and Technical Information, whether registered or not, U.S. or non-U.S., including (without limitation) all of the following: (i) applications, registrations, amendments and extensions relating to such Intellectual Property; (ii) rights and privileges arising under any applicable Law with respect to such Intellectual Property; (iii) rights to sue for or collect any damages for any past, present or future infringements of such Intellectual Property; and (iv) rights of the same or similar effect or nature in any jurisdiction corresponding to such Intellectual Property throughout the world.
 
Intercompany Subordination Agreement” means a subordination agreement to be executed and delivered by the Parent Guarantor and each of its Subsidiaries, pursuant to which all obligations in respect of any Indebtedness owing between or among any party to such subordination agreement shall be subordinated to the prior payment in full in cash of all Obligations, such agreement to be in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit J.
 
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Interest Period” means, with respect to any Borrowing, (i) initially, the period commencing on (and including) the Borrowing Date on which such Borrowing occurred and ending on (and including) the last day of the calendar month in which such Borrowing was made, and (ii) thereafter, the period beginning on (and including) the first day of each succeeding calendar month and ending on the earlier of (and including) (x) the last day of such calendar month and (y) the Maturity Date.
 
Interest Rate” means for any Interest Period, the sum of (i) the Applicable Margin plus (ii) the greater of (x) the Reference Rate as of the second Business Day immediately preceding the first day of such Interest Period and (y) two and three-quarters percent (2.75%).
 
Invention” means any novel, inventive or useful art, apparatus, method, process, machine (including any article or device), manufacture or composition of matter, or any novel, inventive and useful improvement in any art, method, process, machine (including article or device), manufacture or composition of matter.
 
Investment” means, for any Person:  (i) the acquisition (whether for cash, property, services or securities or otherwise) of Equity Interests, bonds, notes, debentures, partnership or other ownership interests or other securities of any other Person or any agreement to make any such acquisition (including any “short sale” or any sale of any securities at a time when such securities are not owned by the Person entering into such sale); (ii) the making of any deposit with, or advance, loan, assumption of debt or other extension of credit to, or capital contribution in any other Person (including the purchase of property from another Person subject to an understanding or agreement, contingent or otherwise, to resell such property to such Person), but excluding any such advance, loan or extension of credit having a term not exceeding one hundred eighty (180) days arising in connection with the sale of services, inventory or supplies by such Person in the ordinary course of business; (iii) the entering into of any Guarantee of, or other contingent obligation with respect to, Indebtedness or other liability of any other Person and (without duplication) any amount committed to be advanced, lent or extended to such Person; or (iv) the entering into of any Hedging Agreement.
 
IRS” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Service or any successor agency.
 
Israeli Fixed Charge Debenture” means the Israeli law debenture, dated as of the Closing Date, among Parent Guarantor and the Administrative Agent, creating an Israeli law fixed charge over the Parent Guarantor’s Intellectual Property described therein in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties.
 
Israeli Floating Charge Debenture” means the Israeli law floating charge debenture, dated as of the Closing Date, among Parent Guarantor and the Administrative Agent, creating an Israeli law floating charge over all of Parent Guarantor’s assets (except for certain excluded assets described therein), in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties.
 
Israeli Guarantee Law” has the meaning set forth in Section 13.02.
 
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Israeli Security Agreements” means the Israeli Floating Charge Debenture and the Israeli Fixed Charge Debenture.
 
Landlord Consent” means a landlord consent in a form reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent..
 
Law” means any U.S. or non-U.S. federal, state, provincial, territorial, municipal or local statute, treaty, rule, guideline, regulation, ordinance, code or administrative or judicial precedent or authority, including any interpretation or administration thereof by any Governmental Authority charged with the enforcement, interpretation or administration thereof, and all applicable administrative orders, directed duties, requests, licenses, authorizations and permits of, and agreements with, any Governmental Authority, in each case whether or not having the force of law.
 
Lenders” has the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto.
 
Lien” means any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge or other security interest, or any lease, title retention agreement, mortgage, restriction, easement, right-of-way, option or adverse claim (of ownership or possession) or other encumbrance of any kind or character whatsoever or any preferential arrangement that has the practical effect of creating a security interest.
 
Loan” means, as the context may require, any Tranche 1 Loan, Tranche 2 Loan or Tranche 3 Loan, and “Loans” means, collectively, any combination of the foregoing, as the case may be.
 
Loan Documents” means, collectively, this Agreement, the Notes, the Security Documents, the Proposal Letter, each Warrant, any Guarantee Assumption Agreement, the Information Certificate, the Intercompany Subordination Agreement and any other guaranty, subordination agreement, intercreditor agreement or other present or future document, instrument, agreement, certificate or other amendment, waiver or modification of the foregoing, delivered to the Administrative Agent or any Lender in connection with this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, in each case, as amended or otherwise modified.
 
Loss” means judgments, debts, liabilities, expenses, costs, damages or losses, contingent or otherwise, whether liquidated or unliquidated, matured or unmatured, disputed or undisputed, contractual, legal or equitable, including loss of value, professional fees, including reasonable fees and disbursements of legal counsel on a full indemnity basis, and all costs incurred in investigating or pursuing any Claim or any proceeding relating to any Claim.
 
Majority Lenders” means, at any time, Lenders having at such time in excess of fifty percent (50%) of the aggregate Commitments (or, if such Commitments are terminated, the outstanding principal amount of the Loans) then in effect.
 
Margin Stock” means “margin stock” within the meaning of Regulations U and X.
 
Material Adverse Change” and “Material Adverse Effect” mean a material adverse change in or effect on (i) the business, condition (financial or otherwise), operations, performance, property or assets of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (ii) the ability of any Obligor to perform its obligations under the Loan Documents, as and when due, or (iii) the legality, validity, binding effect or enforceability of the Loan Documents or the rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent or the Lenders under any of the Loan Documents.
 
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Material Agreement” means (i) any Contract which is listed on Schedule 7.14, (ii) any other Contract to which the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or a beneficiary from time to time, or to which any assets or properties of the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries is bound, the absence or termination of which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (iii) any Contract described in Sections 6.02(h) to which the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries is a party from time to time, and (iv) without duplication, any other Contract to which the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or a guarantor (or equivalent) whether existing as of the date hereof or in the future that (x) relates to any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activity of the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries and (y) during any period of twelve (12) consecutive months is reasonably expected to (1) result in payments or receipts (including royalty, licensing or similar payments) made to the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries in an aggregate amount in excess of $1,000,000, or (2) require payments or expenditures (including royalty, licensing or similar payments) to be made by the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries in an aggregate amount in excess of $1,000,000.
 
Material Indebtedness” means, at any time, any Indebtedness of the Parent Guarantor (excluding any intercompany Indebtedness by and among the Obligors and their respective Subsidiaries that is permitted hereunder) or any of its Subsidiaries, the outstanding principal amount of which, individually or in the aggregate, exceeds $1,000,000 (or the Equivalent Amount in other currencies).
 
Material Intellectual Property” means, (i) all Obligor Intellectual Property listed on Schedule 7.05(c)(i), and (ii) all other Obligor Intellectual Property, whether currently owned or licensed, or acquired, developed or otherwise licensed or obtained after the date hereof (x) necessary for the Product Commercialization and Development Activities relating to any FMX Product or any other Product that, as of any date of determination, has generated sales or revenue in excess of $1,000,000 in the aggregate over the period of twelve (12) consecutive months ended immediately prior to such date of determination (or is reasonably expected by the Parent Guarantor to generate sales or revenue in excess of $1,000,000 in the aggregate over the period of twelve (12) consecutive months commencing with such date of determination), (y) the loss of which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect or (z) that has a fair market value in excess of $1,000,000, as is determined in good faith by the Board or senior management of the Parent Guarantor in its reasonable business judgment.
 
Material Regulatory Event” means an Adverse Regulatory Event that (i) individually has resulted in, or could reasonably be expected to result in, a fine, penalty or Loss (including a loss of Net Revenue) in excess of $1,000,000 per occurrence or (ii) when taken together with each other Adverse Regulatory Event that has occurred since the Closing Date, has resulted in, or could reasonably be expected to result in, a fine, penalty or Loss (including a loss of Net Revenue)  in excess of $2,000,000.
 
Material Subsidiary” means any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Parent Guarantor that, as of the end of any period of twelve (12) consecutive calendar months has either (i) individually, (x) in the ordinary course of business, generated total revenues constituting five percent (5%) or more of the total revenues of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, or (y) total assets constituting five percent (5%) or more of the total assets of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, or (ii) collectively with any other Subsidiaries of the Parent Guarantor (x) in the ordinary course of business, generated total revenues constituting ten percent (10%) or more of the total revenues of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, or (y) total assets constituting ten percent (10%) or more of the total assets of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.
 
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Maturity Date” means the earliest to occur of (x) July 29, 2024 and (y) the acceleration of the Obligations pursuant to Section 11.02, when used herein, the term “scheduled Maturity Date” means the date set forth in clause (x) above.
 
Medicaid” means that government-sponsored entitlement program under Title XIX, P.L. 89-97 of the Social Security Act, which provides federal grants to states for medical assistance based on specific eligibility criteria, as set forth on Section 1396, et seq. of Title 42 of the United States Code.
 
Medicare” means that government-sponsored insurance program under Title XVIII, P.L. 89-97, of the Social Security Act, which provides for a health insurance system for eligible elderly and disabled individuals, as set forth at Section 1395, et seq. of Title 42 of the United States Code.
 
Mortgage” means any mortgage, leasehold mortgage, deed of trust, leasehold deed of trust, deed to secure debt, leasehold deed to secure debt or other document creating in favor of the Administrative Agent a Lien on any real property or any interest in real property, whether under U.S. law or non-U.S. law.
 
Multiemployer Plan” means any multiemployer plan, as defined in Section 400l(a)(3) of ERISA, to which any ERISA Affiliate incurs or otherwise has any obligation or liability, contingent or otherwise.
 
NDA” means (i) (x) a new drug application (as defined in the FD&C Act) and (y) any similar application or functional equivalent relating to any new drug application applicable to or required by any non-U.S. country, jurisdiction or Governmental Authority, and (ii) all supplements, amendments and other Regulatory Filings that may be filed with respect to any of the foregoing.
 
Net Cash Proceeds” means, (i) with respect to any Casualty Event experienced or suffered by the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries, the amount of cash proceeds received (directly or indirectly) including, without limitation, in the form of insurance proceeds or condemnation awards in respect of such Casualty Event, from time to time by or on behalf of such Person after deducting therefrom only (w) reasonable fees, costs and expenses related thereto incurred by the Parent Guarantor or such Subsidiary in connection therewith, (x) amounts required to be repaid on account of any Permitted Indebtedness (other than the Obligations) required to be repaid as a result of such Casualty Event, (y) amounts required to be reserved in accordance with GAAP for indemnities and against liabilities associated with the property damaged, destructed or condemned in such Casualty Event, and (z) Taxes (including transfer Taxes or net income Taxes) paid or payable in connection therewith; and (ii) with respect to any Asset Sale by the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries, the amount of cash proceeds received (directly or indirectly) from time to time by or on behalf of such Person after deducting therefrom only (x) reasonable fees, costs and expenses related thereto incurred by the Parent Guarantor or such Subsidiary in connection therewith, (y) amounts required to be repaid on account of any Permitted Indebtedness (other than the Obligations) required to be repaid as a result of such Asset Sale, and (z) Taxes (including transfer Taxes or net income Taxes) paid or payable in connection therewith; provided that, in each case of clauses (i) and (ii), costs and expenses shall only be deducted to the extent, that the amounts so deducted are (x) actually paid to a Person that is not an Affiliate of the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries and (y) properly attributable to such Casualty Event or Asset Sale, as the case may be.
 
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Net Revenuemeans, for any fiscal period, as applicable, (i) if the Parent Guarantor is required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the “net revenue” of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries, determined on a consolidated basis, generated during such fiscal period as a result of the sale of FMX Products in the U.S. to non-Affiliated third parties, and determined in accordance with GAAP and SEC requirements, or (ii) to the extent that the Parent Guarantor is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the “net revenue” (or substantially similar term) of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries, determined on a consolidated basis, generated during such fiscal period as a result of the sale of FMX Products in the U.S. to non-Affiliated third parties, and determined in accordance with GAAP.
 
Note” means a promissory note, in substantially the form of Exhibit A hereto, executed and delivered by the Borrower to any Lender in accordance with Section 2.03.
 
NY UCC” means the UCC as in effect from time to time in New York.
 
Obligations” means, all amounts, obligations, liabilities, covenants and duties of every type and description (including all Guaranteed Obligations and Warrant Obligations) owing by any Obligor to any Secured Party, any indemnitee hereunder or any participant, arising out of, under, or in connection with, any Loan Document, whether direct or indirect (regardless of whether acquired by assignment), absolute or contingent, due or to become due, whether liquidated or not, now existing or hereafter arising and however acquired, and whether or not evidenced by any instrument or for the payment of money, including, without duplication, (i) all Loans, (ii) all interest, whether or not accruing after the filing of any petition in bankruptcy or after the commencement of any insolvency, reorganization or similar proceeding, and whether or not a claim for post-filing or post-petition interest is allowed in any such proceeding, and (iii) all other fees, expenses (including fees, charges and disbursement of counsel), interest, commissions, charges, costs, disbursements, indemnities and reimbursement of amounts paid and other sums chargeable to such Obligor under any Loan Document.
 
Obligor Intellectual Property” means, at any time of determination, Intellectual Property owned by, licensed to or otherwise held by any Obligor at such time including, without limitation, the Intellectual Property listed on Schedule 7.05(c)(i).
 
Obligors” means, collectively, the Borrower, the Guarantors and their respective successors and permitted assigns.
 
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One-Month LIBOR” means, with respect to any applicable Interest Period hereunder, the one-month London Interbank Offered Rate for deposits in Dollars at approximately 11:00 a.m. (London, England time), as determined by the Administrative Agent from the appropriate Bloomberg or Telerate page selected by the Administrative Agent (or any successor thereto or similar source reasonably determined by the Administrative Agent from time to time), which shall be that one-month London Interbank Offered Rate for deposits in Dollars in effect two (2) Business Days prior to the first day of such Interest Period rounded up to the nearest one hundredth (1/100) of one percent.
 
Organic Document” means, for any Person, such Person’s formation documents, including, as applicable, its certificate of incorporation, by‑laws, articles of association, certificate of partnership, partnership agreement, certificate of formation, limited liability agreement, operating agreement and all shareholder agreements, voting trusts and similar arrangements applicable to such Person’s Equity Interests, or any equivalent document of any of the foregoing.
 
Other Connection Taxes” means, with respect to any Recipient, Taxes imposed as a result of a present or former connection between such Recipient and the jurisdiction imposing such Tax (other than connections arising from such Recipient having executed, delivered, become a party to, performed its obligations under, received payments under, received or perfected a security interest under, engaged in any other transaction pursuant to or enforced any Loan Document, or sold or assigned an interest in any Loan or Loan Document).
 
Other Taxes” means all present or future stamp, court or documentary, intangible, recording, filing or similar Taxes that arise from any payment made under, from the execution, delivery, performance, enforcement or registration of, from the receipt or perfection of a security interest under, or otherwise with respect to, any Loan Document, except any such Taxes that are Other Connection Taxes imposed with respect to an assignment (other than an assignment made pursuant to Section 5.03(h)).
 
Parent Security Documents” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.19(a).
 
Participant” has the meaning set forth in Section 14.05(e).
 
Patents” means all patents and patent applications, whether U.S. or non-U.S., including (i) the Inventions and improvements described and claimed therein, (ii) the reissues, divisions, continuations, renewals, extensions, and continuations in part thereof, and (iii) all income, royalties, damages and payment now or hereafter due and payable with respect thereto, (iv) all damages and payment for past or future infringements thereof, and rights to sue thereof, (v) all rights whatsoever accruing thereunder or pertaining thereto throughout the world.
 
Patriot Act” has the meaning set forth in Section 14.19.
 
Payment Date” means (i) the last day of each Interest Period (provided that if such last day of any Interest Period is not a Business Day, then the Payment Date shall be the next succeeding Business Day) and (ii) the Maturity Date.
 
PBGC” means the United States Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation referred to and defined in ERISA and any successor entity performing similar functions.
 
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Permitted Acquisition” means any Acquisition by the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries, whether by purchase, merger or otherwise, of (i) all or substantially all of the assets of any Person, (ii) more than fifty percent (50%) of all Equity Interests of any Person (determined on a fully diluted basis), or (iii) an entire business line or unit or division of any Person; provided that:
 
(a)           immediately prior to, and after giving effect to such Acquisition, no Default shall have occurred and be continuing or could reasonably be expected to result therefrom;
 
(b)          all transactions in connection therewith shall be consummated in all material respects in accordance with all applicable Laws and in conformity with all applicable Governmental Approvals;
 
(c)           in the case of an Acquisition of Equity Interests of any Person, all of such Equity Interests (except for any such securities in the nature of directors’ qualifying shares required pursuant to any applicable Law) shall be owned by the Parent Guarantor or a wholly-owned, direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Parent Guarantor, and, in the event of an Acquisition that results in the creation or acquisition of a new Subsidiary of the Parent Guarantor, the Parent Guarantor shall have taken, or caused to be taken, as of the date such Person becomes a Subsidiary of the Parent Guarantor, each of the actions set forth in Section 8.12(a), if applicable;
 
(d)           such Person (in the case of an Acquisition of Equity Interests of such Person) or assets (in the case of an Acquisition of assets or a division of such Person) shall be engaged or used, as the case may be, in businesses or lines of business that would be permitted pursuant to Section 9.04;
 
(e)           on a pro forma basis after giving effect to such Acquisition, the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries shall be in compliance with the financial covenants set forth in Section 10;
 
(f)           to the extent that the purchase price for any such Acquisition is paid in cash, the amount thereof, when taken together with the purchase price paid in cash for all other Acquisitions consummated or effected since the Closing Date, does not exceed $2,000,000 in the aggregate (or the Equivalent Amount thereof);
 
(g)           to the extent that the purchase price for any such Acquisition is paid in Equity Interests, all such Equity Interests shall be Qualified Equity Interests;
 
(h)           the fair market value of the total consideration to be paid in connection with such Acquisition, when taken together with the fair market value of consideration paid in connection with all other Permitted Acquisitions consummated or effected since the Closing Date (inclusive of all cash, deferred purchase price payments, whether in respect of earn-out payments, post-closing adjustments, payments on “seller notes” or otherwise, to the extent actually paid), would not reasonably be expected to exceed $5,000,000 in the aggregate;
 
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(i)           promptly upon request by any Lender in the case of any such Acquisition that has a purchase price in excess of $1,000,000 (whether paid in cash, securities or other property), the Borrower shall provide the Administrative Agent and the Lenders with (i) a copy of the draft purchase agreement related to the proposed Acquisition, (ii) any available quarterly and annual financial statements of the Person whose Equity Interests or assets are being acquired for the twelve (12) month period ending forty-five (45) days immediately prior to such Acquisition, including any audited financial statements that are available, (iii) any other information reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent or the Lenders and available to the Obligors, and (iv) a certificate of a Responsible Officer of the Borrower (prepared in reasonable detail), certifying that such proposed Acquisition complies with the requirements of this definition;
 
(j)           the Borrower shall have provided the Administrative Agent and the Lenders with at least twenty (20) Business Days’ prior written notice of any such proposed Acquisition, together with summaries, prepared in reasonable detail, of (x) all due diligence conducted by or on behalf of the Borrower or its applicable Subsidiary, as applicable, prior to such Acquisition, and (y) any contingent liabilities or prospective research and development costs associated with the Person, business or assets being acquired; and
 
(k)           neither the Parent Guarantor nor any of its Subsidiaries shall, in connection with (and upon giving effect to) any such Acquisition, assume or remain liable with respect to, or be subject to (x) any Indebtedness of the related seller or the business, Person or properties acquired, except to the extent permitted pursuant to Section 9.01, (y) any Lien on any business, Person or assets acquired, except to the extent permitted pursuant to Section 9.02, or (z) to the extent not in excess of $250,000 in respect of any individual Acquisition or $1,000,000 in the aggregate for all Acquisitions since the Closing Date, any other liability (including Tax, ERISA and environmental liabilities).
 
Permitted Cash Equivalent Investments” means (i) marketable direct obligations issued or unconditionally guaranteed by the United States or any agency or any state thereof having maturities of not more than thirty-six (36) months, (ii) commercial paper maturing no more than two hundred and seventy (270) days after the date of its creation and with a rating of A1 / P1 from either Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group or Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., (iii) time deposits with, or insured certificates of deposit or banker’s acceptances of, any commercial bank that (x) is organized under the laws of the United States or is the principal banking subsidiary of a bank holding company organized under the laws of the United States and is a member of the Federal Reserve System and (y) has combined capital and surplus of at least $500,000,000, in each case with maturities of not more than thirty-six (36) months, provided that FDIC insured certificates of deposit shall not be subject to the capital and surplus requirements in clause (y) above, and (iv) any money market funds that has substantially all of its assets continuously in the types of investments described in clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) above.
 
Permitted Indebtedness” means any Indebtedness permitted under Section 9.01.
 
Permitted Liens” means any Liens permitted under Section 9.02.
 
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Permitted Refinancing” means, with respect to any Indebtedness permitted to be refinanced, extended, renewed or replaced hereunder, any refinancings, extensions, renewals and replacements of such Indebtedness; provided that such refinancing, extension, renewal or replacement shall not (i) increase the outstanding principal amount of the Indebtedness being refinanced, extended, renewed or replaced, (ii) contain terms relating to outstanding principal amount, amortization, maturity, collateral security (if any) or subordination (if any), or other material terms that, taken as a whole, are less favorable in any material respect to the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries or the Secured Parties than the terms of any agreement or instrument governing the Indebtedness being refinanced, (iii) have an applicable interest rate or equivalent yield that exceeds the interest rate or equivalent yield of the Indebtedness being refinanced, (iv) contain any new requirement to grant any Lien or to give any Guarantee that was not an existing requirement of the Indebtedness being refinanced and (v) after giving effect to such refinancing, extension, renewal or replacement, no Default shall have occurred (or could reasonably be expected to occur) as a result thereof.
 
Person” means any individual, corporation, company, voluntary association, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, unincorporated organization or Governmental Authority or other entity of whatever nature.
 
Plan” means any employee pension benefit plan (other than a Multiemployer Plan) subject to the provisions of Title IV of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, and in respect of which any ERISA Affiliate is (or, if such plan were terminated, would under Section 4069 of ERISA be deemed to be) an “employer” as defined in Section 3(5) of ERISA.
 
Prepayment Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.03(a)(i).
 
Prepayment Premium” means with respect to any prepayment of any outstanding principal amount of the Loans pursuant to Sections 3.03(a) or 3.03(b) occurring (i) prior to the first anniversary of the Closing Date, an amount equal to ten percent (10.0%) of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Loans being prepaid; (ii) at any time on or after the first anniversary of the Closing Date and prior to the second anniversary of the Closing Date, an amount equal to eight percent (8.0%) of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Loans being prepaid; (iii) at any time on or after the second anniversary of the Closing Date and prior to the third anniversary of the Closing Date, an amount equal to four percent (4.0%) of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Loans being prepaid; and (iv) at any time on or after the third anniversary of the Closing Date and prior to the fourth anniversary of the Closing Date, an amount equal to two percent (2.0%) of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Loans being prepaid.  No Prepayment Premium shall be due or payable on or in respect of any prepayments made on or after the fourth anniversary of the Closing Date.
 
Prepayment Price” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.03(a)(i).
 
Product Authorizations” means, with respect to any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activities, all applicable ANDAs, NDAs, BLAs, INDs and similar applications, approvals, clearances, registrations and authorizations of (or required by) any Regulatory Authority, whether U.S. or non-U.S.
 
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Product Commercialization and Development Activities” means, with respect to any Product, any combination of (i) research, development, manufacturing, quality compliance, use, sale, licensing, importation, exportation, shipping, storage, handling, designing, labeling, marketing, promotion, supply, dispensing, distribution, testing, packaging, purchasing or other commercialization activity, (ii) receipt of payment or other remuneration in respect of any of the foregoing (including, without limitation, in respect of licensing, royalty or similar payments) or (iii) any similar or other activities the purpose of which is to commercially exploit such Product.
 
Product Related Information” means, with respect to any Product, all books, records, lists, ledgers, files, manuals, Contracts, correspondence, reports, plans, drawings, data and other information of every kind (in any form or medium), and all techniques and other know-how, that is necessary or useful for any Product Commercialization and Development Activities relating to such Product, including (i) branding materials, packaging and other trade dress, customer targeting and other marketing, promotion and sales materials and information, referral, customer, supplier and other contact lists and information, product, business, marketing and sales plans, research, studies and reports, sales, maintenance and production records, training materials and other marketing, sales and promotional information, (ii) clinical data, information included or supporting any Regulatory Approval, any regulatory filings, updates, notices and correspondence (including adverse event and other pharmacovigilance and other post-marketing reports and information, etc.), technical information, product development and operational data and records, and all other documents, records, files, data and other information relating to product development, manufacture and use, (iii) litigation and dispute records, and accounting records; (iv) all documents, records and files relating to Intellectual Property, including all correspondence from and to third parties (including Intellectual Property counsel and patent, trademark and other intellectual property registries, including the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office), and (v) all other information, techniques and know-how necessary or required in connection with the Product Commercialization and Development Activities for any Product.
 
Product Standard” means any safety, quality or other specification and standard applicable to any Product or Product Commercialization and Development Activities, including cGMP, GLP and any other pharmaceutical, biological and other standard promulgated by any Standards Body or any other Regulatory Authority.
 
Products” means (i) those pharmaceutical or biological products set forth on Schedule 7.05(b) and (ii) any future pharmaceutical or biological products that are in clinical development or are being distributed, manufactured, licensed, marketed or otherwise commercialized (including any in-licensed product) by any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries.
 
Prohibited Payment” means any bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other payment or gift of money or anything of value (including meals or entertainment) to any officer, employee or ceremonial office holder of any government or instrumentality thereof, political party or supra-national organization (such as the United Nations), any political candidate, any royal family member or any other person who is connected or associated personally with any of the foregoing that is prohibited under any applicable Law for the purpose of influencing any act or decision of such payee in his official capacity, inducing such payee to do or omit to do any act in violation of his lawful duty, securing any improper advantage or inducing such payee to use his influence with a government or instrumentality thereof to affect or influence any act or decision of such government or instrumentality.
 
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Proportionate Share” means, with respect to each Lender, the percentage obtained by dividing (i) the sum of all Commitments (or, if the Commitments are terminated, the outstanding principal amount of the Loans) of such Lender then in effect by (ii) the sum of all Commitments (or, if the Commitments are terminated, the outstanding principal amount of the Loans) of all Lenders then in effect.
 
Proposal Letter” means the Proposal Letter, dated May 17, 2019, between the Parent Guarantor and Perceptive Advisors LLC (as supplemented by the outline of proposed terms and conditions attached thereto).
 
Qualified Equity Interest” means, with respect to any Person, any Equity Interest of such Person that is not a Disqualified Equity Interest.
 
Qualified Plan” means an employee benefit plan (as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA) other than a Multiemployer Plan (i) that is or was at any time maintained or sponsored by any ERISA Affiliate or to which any ERISA Affiliate has ever made, or was ever obligated to make, contributions, and (ii) that is intended to be tax qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code.
 
Real Property Security Documents” means any Mortgage, Landlord Consent, Bailee Letter or any other real property security document, registration, recordation, filing, instrument or approval required, entered into or recommended to grant, perfect, and otherwise render enforceable Liens in real property in favor of the Secured Parties for purposes of securing the Obligations.
 
Recipient” means any Lender, the Administrative Agent and any other recipient of any payment to be made by or on account of any Obligation, as applicable.
 
Reference Rate” means One-Month LIBOR; provided that if One-Month LIBOR can no longer be determined by the Administrative Agent (in its sole discretion) or the Governmental Authority having jurisdiction over the quotation or determination of London Interbank Offered Rates ceases to supervise or sanction such rates for purposes of interest rates on loans, then the Administrative Agent and the Borrower shall endeavor, in good faith, to establish an alternate rate of interest to One-Month LIBOR that gives due consideration to the then prevailing market convention for determining a rate of interest for middle-market loans in the United States at such time, and shall enter into an amendment to this Agreement to reflect such alternate rate of interest and such other related changes to this Agreement as may be applicable; provided further that, until such alternate rate of interest is agreed upon by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower, the Reference Rate for purposes hereof and of each other Loan Document shall be the “Wall Street Journal Prime Rate” as published and defined in The Wall Street Journal.
 
Referral Source” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.07(b).
 
Register” has the meaning set forth in Section 14.05(d).
 
Regulation T” means Regulation T of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, as amended.
 
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Regulation U” means Regulation U of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, as amended.
 
Regulation X” means Regulation X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, as amended.
 
Regulatory Approval” means any Governmental Approval, Product Authorization or Product Standard, whether U.S. or non-U.S., that is required, pursuant to any Healthcare Law, to be held or maintained by, or for the benefit of, the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to any Product, the ownership, use or control of any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activities.
 
Regulatory Authority” means any Governmental Authority, whether U.S. or non-U.S., that is concerned with or has regulatory or supervisory oversight with respect to any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activities relating to any Product, including the FDA and all equivalent Governmental Authorities, whether U.S. or non-U.S.
 
Regulatory Filing” has the meaning set forth in clause (b) of the definition of Adverse Regulatory Event.
 
Related Fund” means, with respect to any Lender, a fund which is managed or advised by the same investment manager or investment adviser as such Lender or, if it is managed by a different investment manager or investment adviser, a fund whose investment manager or investment adviser is an Affiliate of the investment manager or investment adviser of such Lender.
 
Related Parties” has the meaning set forth in Section 14.16.
 
Responsible Officer” of any Person means each of the president, chief executive officer, chief financial officer and similar officer of such Person.
 
Restricted Payment” means any dividend or other distribution (whether in cash, Equity Interests or other property) with respect to any Equity Interests of the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries, any payment of interest, principal or fees in respect of any Indebtedness owed by the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries to any holder of any Equity Interests of the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries, or any payment (whether in cash, Equity Interests or other property), including any sinking fund or similar deposit, on account of the purchase, redemption, retirement, acquisition, cancellation or termination of any such Equity Interests of the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries, or any option, warrant or other right to acquire any such Equity Interests of the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries.
 
Restrictive Agreement” means any Contract or other arrangement that prohibits, restricts or imposes any condition upon (i) the ability of the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries to create, incur or permit to exist any Lien upon any of its properties or assets (other than (x) customary provisions in Contracts (including without limitation leases and licenses of Intellectual Property) restricting the assignment thereof and (y) restrictions or conditions imposed by any Contract governing secured Permitted Indebtedness permitted under Section 9.01(g), to the extent that such restrictions or conditions apply only to the property or assets securing such Indebtedness), or (ii) the ability of the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries to make Restricted Payments with respect to any of their respective Equity Interests or to make or repay loans or advances to the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries or such other Obligor or to Guarantee Indebtedness of the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries thereof or such other Obligor.
 
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Sanction” means any economic sanction administered or enforced by the United States Government (including, without limitation, OFAC), the State of Israel, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union or its Member States, Her Majesty’s Treasury or other relevant sanctions authority.
 
Secured Party” means each Lender, the Administrative Agent, each other Indemnified Party, any other holder of any Obligation, and any of their respective permitted transferees or assigns.
 
Securities Account” means any securities account, as such term is defined in Section 8-501 of the NY UCC.
 
Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
 
Security Documents” means, collectively, the U.S. Security Agreement, each Short-Form IP Security Agreement, each Real Property Security Document, the Israeli Security Agreements, and each other security agreement, control agreement, financing statement, registration, recordation, filing, instrument or approval required, entered into or recommended to grant, perfect, and otherwise render enforceable Liens in favor of the Secured Parties for purposes of securing the Obligations.
 
Short-Form IP Security Agreements” means short-form copyright, patent or trademark, (as the case may be) security agreements, substantially in the form of Exhibit C, Exhibit D or Exhibit E to the U.S. Security Agreement, entered into by one or more Obligors in favor of the Secured Parties, each as amended, modified or replaced from time to time.
 
Solvent” means, with respect to (A) the Parent Guarantor, as of any date of determination, that (i) it is able to pay its debts when due, whether or not the maturity date therefor has arrived or (ii) the value of its assets exceeds its obligations (including future and contingent obligations), or (B) any other Person at any time, that (i) the present fair saleable value of the property of such Person is greater than the total amount of liabilities (including contingent liabilities) of such Person, (ii) the present fair saleable value of the property of such Person is not less than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liability of such Person on its debts as they become absolute and matured, and (iii) such Person has not incurred and does not intend to, and does not believe that it will, incur debts or liabilities beyond such Person’s ability to pay as such debts and liabilities mature.
 
Standard Bodies” means any of the organizations that create, sponsor or maintain safety, quality or other standards, whether U.S. or non-U.S., including ISO, ANSI, CEN and SCC and the like.
 
Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person (for purposes of this definition, the “parent”) at any date, any corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association or other entity the accounts of which would be consolidated with those of the parent in the parent’s consolidated financial statements if such financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP as of such date, as well as any other corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association or other entity (i) of which securities or other ownership interests representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the equity or more than fifty percent (50%) of the ordinary voting power or, in the case of a partnership, more than fifty percent (50%) of the general partnership interests are, as of such date, owned, controlled or held, directly or indirectly, or (ii) that is, as of such date, otherwise Controlled, by the parent or one or more direct or indirect subsidiaries of the parent or by the parent and one or more direct or indirect subsidiaries of the parent. Unless otherwise specified, all references herein to a “Subsidiary” or to “Subsidiaries” shall refer to a Subsidiary or Subsidiaries of the Parent Guarantor.
 
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Subsidiary Guarantor” means, after the date hereof, each Subsidiary of the Parent Guarantor that becomes, or is required to become, a “Subsidiary Guarantor” pursuant to Section 8.12.
 
Taxes” means all present or future taxes, levies, imposts, duties, deductions, withholdings (including backup withholding), VAT, assessments, fees or other charges imposed by any Governmental Authority, including any interest, additions to tax or penalties applicable thereto.
 
Technical Information” means all Product Related Information and all trade secrets and other proprietary or confidential information, public information, non-proprietary know-how, any information of a scientific, technical, or business nature in any form or medium, standards and specifications, conceptions, ideas, innovations, discoveries, Invention disclosures, all documented research, developmental, demonstration or engineering work and all other information, data, plans, specifications, reports, summaries, experimental data, manuals, models, samples, know-how, technical information, systems, methodologies, computer programs, information technology and any other information.
 
Title IV Plan” means an employee benefit plan (as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA) other than a Multiemployer Plan (i) that is or was at any time maintained or sponsored by any ERISA Affiliate or to which any ERISA Affiliate has ever made, or was obligated to make, contributions, and (ii) that is or was subject to Section 412 of the Code, Section 302 of ERISA or Title IV of ERISA.
 
Trademarks” means all trade names, trademarks and service marks, logos, trademark and service mark registrations, and applications for trademark and service mark registrations, including (i) all renewals of trademark and service mark registrations, (ii) all rights to recover for all past, present and future infringements thereof and all rights to sue therefor, and (iii) all rights whatsoever accruing thereunder or pertaining thereto throughout the world, together, in each case, with the goodwill of the business connected with the use thereof.
 
Tranche 1 Loan” has the meaning set forth in the first recital hereto.
 
Tranche 2 Borrowing Date” means the date on which the Tranche 2 Loans are made pursuant to the terms and conditions hereof.
 
Tranche 2 Borrowing Date Certificate” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.02(b).
 
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Tranche 2 Loan” has the meaning set forth in the first recital hereto.
 
Tranche 3 Borrowing Date” means the date on which the Tranche 3 Loans are made pursuant to the terms and conditions hereof.
 
Tranche 3 Borrowing Date Certificate” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.03(b).
 
Tranche 3 Loan” has the meaning set forth in the first recital hereto.
 
Transactions” means the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance by each Obligor of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which such Obligor is (or is intended to be) a party, the making of the Loans hereunder and all other transactions contemplated pursuant to this Agreement and the other Loan Documents.
 
UCC” means, with respect to any applicable jurisdictions, the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in such jurisdiction, as may be modified from time to time.
 
United States” or “U.S.” means the United States of America, its fifty states and the District of Columbia.
 
U.S. Person” means a “United States person” as defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code.
 
U.S. Security Agreement” means the New York law Security Agreement, dated as of the Closing Date, among the Obligors and the Administrative Agent, granting a security interest in the Obligors’ personal property in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties.
 
U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.03(f)(ii)(B)(3).
 
Warrant” means any of those certain Warrants, dated as of the Closing Date and issued and delivered by the Parent Guarantor pursuant to Section 6.01(k), evidenced by an instrument substantially the form of Exhibit H hereto, as amended, replaced or otherwise modified pursuant to the terms thereof.
 
Warrant Obligations” means all Obligations of the Parent Guarantor arising out of, under or in connection with the Warrants.
 
Withdrawal Liability” means, at any time, any liability incurred (whether or not assessed) by any ERISA Affiliate and not yet satisfied or paid in full at such time with respect to any Multiemployer Plan pursuant to Section 4201 of ERISA.
 
Withholding Agent” means the Parent Guarantor, any other Obligor and the Administrative Agent.
 
Write-Down and Conversion Powers” means, with respect to any EEA Resolution Authority, the write-down and conversion powers of such EEA Resolution Authority from time to time under the Bail-In Legislation for the applicable EEA Member Country, which write‑down and conversion powers are described in the EU Bail-In Legislation Schedule.
 
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1.02       Accounting Terms and Principles Unless otherwise specified, all accounting terms used in each Loan Document shall be interpreted, and all accounting determinations and computations thereunder (including under Section 10 and any definitions used in such calculations) shall be made, in accordance with GAAP; provided that, for purposes of determining compliance with any covenant contained herein, Indebtedness of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries shall be construed without giving effect to Accounting Standards Codification 842, Leases (or any other Accounting Standards Codification having similar result or effect) (and related interpretations) to the extent any lease (or similar arrangement) would be required to be treated as a capital lease thereunder where such lease (or arrangement) would have been treated as an operating lease under GAAP as in effect immediately prior to the effectiveness of such Accounting Standards Codification.  Unless otherwise expressly provided, all financial covenants and defined financial terms shall be computed on a consolidated basis for the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries, in each case without duplication.  If the Borrower requests an amendment to any provision hereof to eliminate the effect of (a) any change in GAAP or the application thereof or (b) the issuance of any new accounting rule or guidance or in the application thereof, in each case, occurring after the date of this Agreement, then the Lenders and Borrower agree that they will negotiate in good faith amendments to the provisions of this Agreement that are directly affected by such change or issuance with the intent of having the respective positions of the Lenders and Borrower after such change or issuance conform as nearly as possible to their respective positions as of the date of this Agreement and, until any such amendments have been agreed upon, (i) the provisions in this Agreement shall be calculated as if no such change or issuance has occurred and (ii) the Borrower shall provide to the Lenders a written reconciliation in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Lenders, between calculations of any baskets and other requirements hereunder before and after giving effect to such change or issuance.
 
1.03       Interpretation For all purposes of this Agreement, except as otherwise expressly provided herein or unless the context otherwise requires,
 
(a)          the terms defined in this Agreement include the plural as well as the singular and vice versa;
 
(b)          words importing gender include all genders;
 
(c)          any reference to a Section, Annex, Schedule or Exhibit refers to a Section of, or Annex, Schedule or Exhibit to, this Agreement;
 
(d)          any reference to “this Agreement” refers to this Agreement, including all Annexes, Schedules and Exhibits hereto, and the words herein, hereof, hereto and hereunder and words of similar import refer to this Agreement and its Annexes, Schedules and Exhibits as a whole and not to any particular Section, Annex, Schedule, Exhibit or any other subdivision;
 
(e)          references to days, months and years refer to calendar days, months and years, respectively;
 
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(f)          all references herein to “include” or “including” shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation”;
 
(g)          the word “from” when used in connection with a period of time means “from and including” and the word “until” means “to but not including”;
 
(h)          the words “asset” and “property” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect and to refer broadly to any and all assets and properties, whether tangible or intangible, real or personal, including cash, securities, rights under contractual obligations and permits and any right or interest in any such assets or property;
 
(i)          accounting terms not specifically defined herein (other than “property” and “asset”) shall be construed in accordance with GAAP;
 
(j)           where any provision in this Agreement or any other Loan Document refers to an action to be taken by any Person, or an action which such Person is prohibited from taking, such provision shall be applicable whether such action is taken directly or indirectly; and
 
(k)          references to any Lien granted or created hereunder or pursuant to any other Loan Document securing any Obligations shall be deemed to be a Lien for the benefit of the Secured Parties;
 
(l)           references to any Law shall include all statutory and regulatory provisions amending, consolidating, replacing, supplementing or interpreting such Law from time to time; and
 
(m)       any reference to insolvency, bankruptcy, liquidation, receivership, administration, reorganization, dissolution, winding-up, relief of debtors, or similar proceedings hereunder shall also include proceedings under the laws of the jurisdiction in which a company or corporation is incorporated or any jurisdiction in which a company or corporation carries on business, including the seeking of or decision relating to: (i) liquidation, winding-up, reorganization, dissolution, administration, arrangement, freeze order (“hakpa’at halichim”), as such term is understood under the Israeli Companies Law, 1999 (the “Israeli Companies Law”); (ii) rehabilitation proceedings (“halichei havra’ah”), as such term is understood under the Israeli Companies Law; (iii) the appointment of an authorized functionary (“baal tafkid”), as such term is understood under the Israeli Companies Law; (iv) adjustment, protection from creditors, relief of debtors, an order for commencing proceedings (“Tzav Ptichat Halichim”), an order for financial rehabilitation (“Tzav Shikum Calcali”);  or (v) the recognition of a foreign proceeding with respect to an insolvency of a company (“Hakara be Halich Zar”), as such terms are understood under the Israeli Insolvency and Rehabilitation Law, 2018.
 
Unless otherwise expressly provided herein, references to organizational documents, agreements (including the Loan Documents) and other contractual instruments shall be deemed to include all subsequent amendments, restatements, extensions, supplements and other modifications thereto permitted by the Loan Documents.
 
If any obligation to pay any amount pursuant to the terms and conditions of any Loan Document falls due on a day which is not a Business Day, then such required payment date shall be extended to the immediately following Business Day.  For the purposes of calculations made pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise for purposes of compliance herewith, GAAP shall be deemed to treat operating leases in a manner consistent with their current treatment under GAAP as in effect on the date of this Agreement, notwithstanding any modifications or interpretive changes thereto that may occur thereafter.
 
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SECTION 2.
THE COMMITMENT AND THE LOANS
 
2.01       Loans.
 
(a)          On the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, each Lender agrees to make (i) a Tranche 1 Loan to the Borrower, in a single Borrowing on the Closing Date, in an aggregate principal amount for all Lenders not to exceed $15,000,000, (ii) a Tranche 2 Loan to the Borrower, in a single Borrowing on the Tranche 2 Borrowing Date, in an aggregate principal amount for all Lenders not to exceed $20,000,000, and (iii) a Tranche 3 Loan to the Borrower, in a single Borrowing on the Tranche 3 Borrowing Date, in an aggregate principal amount for all Lenders not to exceed $15,000,000.
 
(b)          No amounts paid or prepaid with respect to any Loan may be reborrowed.
 
(c)          Any term or provision hereof (or of any other Loan Document) to the contrary notwithstanding, Loans made to the Borrower will be denominated solely in Dollars and will be repayable solely in Dollars and no other currency.
 
2.02       Borrowing Procedures.  At least three (3), but not more than five (5), Business Days prior to any proposed Borrowing Date (or at least one (1), but not more than five (5) Business Day(s) prior to the Borrowing on the Closing Date), the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent an irrevocable Borrowing Notice, which notice, if received by the Administrative Agent on a day that is not a Business Day or after 10:00 A.M. (New York City time) on a Business Day, shall be deemed to have been delivered on the next Business Day.
 
2.03       Notes.  If requested by any Lender, the Loan of such Lender shall be evidenced by one or more Notes.  The Borrower shall prepare, execute and deliver to the Lender such promissory notes in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. Any Note issued to a Lender shall bear the following legend:
 
“THIS NOTE HAS BEEN ISSUED WITH “ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT” (WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 1273 OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986, AS AMENDED). UPON WRITTEN REQUEST, THE BORROWER WILL PROMPTLY MAKE AVAILABLE TO ANY HOLDER OF THIS NOTE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:  (1) THE ISSUE PRICE AND ISSUE DATE OF THE NOTE, (2) THE AMOUNT OF ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT ON THE NOTE AND (3) THE YIELD TO MATURITY OF THE NOTE. HOLDERS SHOULD CONTACT THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER OF THE BORROWER AT  520 U.S. HIGHWAY 22, SUITE 204, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807.”
 
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2.04       Use of Proceeds.  The Borrower shall use the proceeds of the Loans (i) for working capital and general corporate purposes and (ii) without duplication, the payment of fees and expenses associated with this Agreement and the other Loan Documents.
 
2.05       Sequence of Tranche 2 Borrowing Date and Tranche 3 Borrowing Date.  Any term or provision of this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, (i) so long as all conditions precedent set forth in Section 6.02 have been satisfied, the Tranche 2 Borrowing Date may occur on, prior to or after the Tranche 3 Borrowing Date, and (ii) so long as all conditions precedent set forth in Section 6.03 have been satisfied, the Tranche 3 Borrowing Date may occur on, prior to or after the Tranche 2 Borrowing Date.
 
2.06       Tax Treatment.  The Borrower and the applicable Lenders hereby acknowledge and agree that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
 
(a)          for an aggregate issue price of $15,000,000, (i) the Lenders have made the Loans to the Borrower, (ii) the Parent Guarantor has sold to, and certain Lenders have purchased from the Parent Guarantor, the Warrants and (iii) the Loans and Warrants are, together, considered the issuance of an “investment unit” under U.S. Treasury Regulations Section 1.1273-2(h);
 
(b)          the fair market value and issue price of the Warrants (determined pursuant to Section 1.1273-2(h)(1) of the U.S. Treasury Regulations), is equal to $1,300,000; and
 
(c)          the fair market value and issue price of the Loans (determined pursuant to Section 1.1273-2(h)(1) of the U.S. Treasury Regulations) is equal to $13,700,000 (it being understood that the Loans have been issued with original issue discount).
 
The Parent Guarantor, the Borrower and the Lenders agree to report all U.S. federal income tax matters with respect to the issuance of the Loans and the Warrants consistent with the provisions of this Section 2.06 unless otherwise required by applicable law.
 
SECTION 3.
PAYMENTS OF PRINCIPAL AND INTEREST
 
3.01       Repayments and Prepayments Generally; Application.
 
(a)          There will be no scheduled repayments of principal on the Loans prior to the fourth anniversary of the Closing Date.  Thereafter, on each Payment Date occurring prior to the scheduled Maturity Date, the Borrower shall make a payment on the Loans in an amount equal to one and one half percent (1.5%) of the aggregate principal amount of the Loans outstanding on the fourth anniversary of the Closing Date. On the Maturity Date the Borrower shall repay the entire remaining outstanding balance of the Loans in full and in cash.
 
(b)          The Borrower agrees that all amounts payable hereunder or under any other Loan Document, whether in respect of any Loans, fees, or interest accrued or accruing thereon, or any other Obligations, shall be paid solely in Dollars pursuant to the terms of this Section 3.  Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, proceeds of each payment (including each repayment and prepayment) by the Borrower on any Loans shall be (i) applied pro rata among the Tranche 1 Loans, the Tranche 2 Loans and the Tranche 3 Loans, and (ii) deemed to be made ratably to the Lenders in accordance with their respective Proportionate Shares.
 
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3.02       Interest.
 
(a)          Interest Generally.  The outstanding principal amount of the Loans, as well as the amount of all other outstanding Obligations, shall accrue interest at the Interest Rate. The Administrative Agent’s determination of the Interest Rate shall be binding on the Borrower, its Subsidiaries and the Lenders in the absence of manifest error.
 
(b)          Default Interest.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default, the Applicable Margin shall automatically increase by four hundred (400) basis points per annum (the Interest Rate, as increased pursuant to this Section 3.02(b), being the “Default Rate”).  If any Obligation is not paid when due under any applicable Loan Document, the amount thereof shall accrue interest at the Default Rate.
 
(c)          Interest Payment Dates.  Accrued interest on the Loans shall be payable in cash, in arrears, on each Payment Date with respect to the most recently completed Interest Period, and upon the payment or prepayment of the Loans (on the principal amount being so paid or prepaid); provided that interest payable at the Default Rate, or any accrued interest not paid on or before the Maturity Date, shall be payable from time to time in cash on demand by the Administrative Agent until paid in full.
 
3.03       Prepayments; Prepayment Premium.
 
(a)          Optional Prepayments.
 
(i)           Subject to prior written notice pursuant to clause (ii) below, the Borrower shall have the right to optionally prepay, in whole or in part, the outstanding principal amount of the Loans on any Business Day (a “Prepayment Date”) for an amount equal to the sum of (x) the aggregate principal amount of the Loans being prepaid, (y) the applicable Prepayment Premium on the principal amount of the Loans being prepaid and (z) any accrued but unpaid interest on the principal amount of the Loans being prepaid (such aggregate amount, the “Prepayment Price”).
 
(ii)          A notice of optional prepayment shall be effective only if received by the Administrative Agent by not later than 2:00 p.m. (New York City time) on a date not less than three (3), and not more than five (5), Business Days prior to the proposed Prepayment Date.  Each notice of optional prepayment (x) shall specify the proposed Prepayment Date, the Prepayment Price and the principal amount to be prepaid and (y) may be conditional or contingent upon any event, including, but not limited to, a refinancing of the Loans.
 
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(b)          Mandatory Prepayments. Upon the occurrence of any Casualty Event or Asset Sale (that is not otherwise permitted pursuant to Section 9.09) (other than any Casualty Event or Asset Sale the proceeds of which, when taken together with all proceeds received as a result of all other Casualty Events and Asset Sales since the Closing Date, do not exceed $1,000,000 in the aggregate), the Borrower shall make a mandatory prepayment of the Loans in an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the Net Cash Proceeds received by the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to such Casualty Event or Asset Sale, as the case may be, with such amount of Net Cash Proceeds being allocated to the prepayment of principal, the payment of accrued and unpaid interest on such principal amount of the Loans being prepaid and the Prepayment Premium such that the full Prepayment Price applicable to such mandatory prepayment is paid with such Net Cash Proceeds; provided that, (i) notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of any Asset Sale of the type described in any of clauses (e), (k) or (m) of Section 9.09, to the extent proceeds of any such Asset Sale exceeds $1,000,000 individually for any such Asset Sale or in the aggregate for all such Asset Sales, such excess proceeds shall not be excluded from the mandatory prepayment requirement set forth above in this clause (b), but such excess proceeds shall be available for application as described in clauses (ii) and (iii) below, (ii) so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would result therefrom, if, within five (5) Business Days following the occurrence of any such Casualty Event or Asset Sale, a Responsible Officer of the Borrower delivers to the Administrative Agent a notice to the effect that the Borrower or the applicable Subsidiary intends to apply the Net Cash Proceeds from such Casualty Event or Asset Sale, to repair, refurbish, restore, replace or rebuild the asset subject to such Casualty Event or Asset Sale, then such Net Cash Proceeds of such Casualty Event or Asset Sale may be applied for such purpose in lieu of such mandatory prepayment to the extent such Net Cash Proceeds of such Casualty Event or Asset Sale are actually applied for such purpose, and (iii) in the event that Net Cash Proceeds have not been so applied within one hundred and eighty (180) days following the occurrence of such Casualty Event or Asset Sale, the Borrower shall make a mandatory prepayment of the Loans in an aggregate amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the unused balance of such Net Cash Proceeds received by the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to such Casualty Event or Asset Sale, as the case may be, with such amount of Net Cash Proceeds being allocated to the prepayment of principal, the payment of accrued and unpaid interest on such principal amount of the Loans being prepaid and the Prepayment Premium such that the full Prepayment Price applicable to such mandatory prepayment is paid with such Net Cash Proceeds.
 
(c)          Prepayment Premium. Without limiting the foregoing, whenever the obligation to pay the Prepayment Premium is in effect and payable pursuant to the terms hereof, such Prepayment Premium shall be payable on all repayments, payments and prepayments of the Loans, whether by optional or mandatory prepayment, acceleration or otherwise, including after the Maturity Date has occurred.
 
(d)          Application. Proceeds of any prepayment made pursuant to clauses (a) or (b) above shall be applied in the following order of priority, with proceeds being applied to a succeeding level of priority only if amounts owing pursuant to the immediately preceding level of priority have been paid in full in cash:
 
(i)          first, to the payment of that portion of the Obligations payable to the Administrative Agent constituting fees, indemnities, costs, expenses and other amounts then due and owing (including fees and disbursements and other charges of counsel payable under Section 14.03);
 
(ii)          second, to the payment of that portion of the Obligations payable to the Lenders constituting fees, indemnities, expenses and other amounts then due and owing (including fees and disbursements and other charges of counsel payable under Section 14.03), ratably among them in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause (ii) payable to them;
 
(iii)          third, to the payment of any accrued and unpaid interest and any fees then due and owing;
 
(iv)          fourth, to the payment of unpaid principal of the Loans
 
(v)           fifth, to the payment of any Prepayment Premium then due and payable;
 
(vi)          sixth, to the payment in full of all other Obligations then due and payable to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, ratably among them in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause (vi) payable to them; and
 
(vii)         seventh, to the Borrower or such other Persons as may lawfully be entitled to or directed by the Borrower to receive the remainder.
 
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SECTION 4.
PAYMENTS, ETC.
 
4.01       Payments.
 
(a)          Payments Generally.  Each payment of principal, interest and other amounts to be made by the Obligors under this Agreement or any other Loan Document shall be made (i) in Dollars, in immediately available funds, without deduction, set off or counterclaim, to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the respective Lenders to which such payment is owed, to the deposit account of the Administrative Agent designated by the Administrative Agent by notice to the Borrower, and (ii) not later than 2:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the date on which such payment is due (each such payment made after such time on such due date shall be deemed to have been made on the next succeeding Business Day).
 
(b)          Application of Payments.  All such payments referenced in clause (a) above shall be applied as set forth in Section 3.03(d) above.
 
(c)          Non-Business Days.  If the due date of any payment under this Agreement (whether in respect of principal, interest, fees, costs or otherwise) would otherwise fall on a day that is not a Business Day, such date shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day; provided that if such next succeeding Business Day would fall after the Maturity Date, payment shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day.
 
4.02       Computations.  All computations of interest and fees hereunder shall be computed on the basis of a year of three hundred and sixty (360) days and actual days elapsed during the period for which payable.
 
4.03       Set-Off.
 
(a)          Set-Off Generally.  Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default, the Administrative Agent, each of the Lenders and each of their Affiliates is hereby authorized at any time and from time to time, to the fullest extent permitted by law, to set off and apply any and all deposits (general or special, time or demand, provisional or final) at any time held and other indebtedness at any time owing by the Administrative Agent, any Lender and any of their Affiliates to or for the credit or the account of any Obligor against any and all of the Obligations, whether or not such Person shall have made any demand and although such obligations may be unmatured.  Any Person exercising rights of set off hereunder agrees promptly to notify the Borrower after any such set-off and application; provided that the failure to give such notice shall not affect the validity of such set-off and application.  The rights of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and each of their Affiliates under this Section 4.03 are in addition to other rights and remedies (including other rights of set-off) that such Persons may have.
 
(b)          Exercise of Rights Not Required.  Nothing contained in Section 4.03(a) shall require the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any of their Affiliates to exercise any such right or shall affect the right of such Persons to exercise, and retain the benefits of exercising, any such right with respect to any other indebtedness or obligation of any Obligor.
 
(c)          Payments Set Aside.  To the extent that any payment by or on behalf of any Obligor is made to the Administrative Agent or any Lender, or the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any Affiliate of the foregoing exercises its right of setoff, and such payment or the proceeds of such setoff or any part thereof is subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside or required (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by the Administrative Agent, such Lender or such Affiliate in its discretion) to be repaid to a trustee, receiver or any other party, in connection with any Insolvency Proceeding or otherwise, then (i) to the extent of such recovery, the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such setoff had not occurred, and (ii) each Lender severally agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent upon demand its applicable share (without duplication) of any amount so recovered from or repaid by the Administrative Agent, plus interest thereon from the date of such demand to the date such payment is made at a rate per annum equal to the Federal Funds Effective Rate from time to time in effect.
 
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SECTION 5.
YIELD PROTECTION, ETC.
 
5.01       Additional Costs.
 
(a)          Changes in Law Generally.  If, on or after the date hereof (or, with respect to any Lender, such later date on which such Lender becomes party to this Agreement), the adoption of any Law, or any change in any Law, or any change in the interpretation or administration thereof by any court or other Governmental Authority charged with the interpretation or administration thereof, or compliance by the Administrative Agent or any of the Lenders (or its lending office) with any request or directive (whether or not having the force of law) of any such Governmental Authority, shall impose, modify or deem applicable any reserve (including any such requirement imposed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System), special deposit, contribution, insurance assessment or similar requirement, in each case that becomes effective after the date hereof (or, with respect to any Lender, such later date on which such Lender becomes party to this Agreement), against assets of, deposits with or for the account of, or credit extended by, a Lender (or its lending office) or other Recipient or shall impose on a Lender (or its lending office) or other Recipient any other condition affecting the Loans or the Commitment, and the result of any of the foregoing is to increase the cost to such Lender or such other Recipient of making or maintaining the Loans by an amount deemed in good faith by the Lender to be material, or to reduce the amount of any sum received or receivable by such Lender or other Recipient under this Agreement or any other Loan Document, or subject any Lender or other Recipient to any Taxes on its loans, loan principal, commitments or other obligations, or its deposits, reserves, other liabilities or capital attributable thereto by an amount reasonably deemed by such Lender in good faith to be material (other than (i) Indemnified Taxes, (ii) Taxes described in clauses (ii) through (iv) of the definition of “Excluded Taxes” and (iii) Connection Income Taxes), then the Borrower shall pay to such Lender or other Recipient on demand such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender for such increased cost or reduction.
 
(b)          Change in Capital Requirements.  If a Lender shall have determined that, on or after the date hereof (or, with respect to any Lender, such later date on which such Lender becomes party to this Agreement), the adoption of any applicable Law regarding capital adequacy, or any change therein, or any change in the interpretation or administration thereof by any Governmental Authority charged with the interpretation or administration thereof, or any request or directive regarding capital adequacy (whether or not having the force of law) of any such Governmental Authority, in each case that becomes effective after the date hereof  (or, with respect to any Lender, such later date on which such Lender becomes party to this Agreement), has or would have the effect of reducing the rate of return on capital of a Lender (or its parent) as a consequence of a Lender’s obligations hereunder or the Loans to a level below that which a Lender (or its parent) could have achieved but for such adoption, change, request or directive by an amount reasonably deemed by it to be material, then the Borrower shall pay to such Lender on demand such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender (or its parent) for such reduction.
 
(c)          Notification by Lender.  Each Lender promptly shall notify the Borrower of any event of which it has knowledge, occurring after the date hereof (or, with respect to any Lender, such later date on which such Lender becomes party to this Agreement), which will entitle such Lender to compensation pursuant to this Section 5.01.  Before giving any such notice pursuant to this Section 5.01(c) such Lender shall designate a different lending office if such designation (x) will, in the reasonable judgment of such Lender, avoid the need for, or reduce the amount of, such compensation and (y) will not, in the reasonable judgment of such Lender, be materially disadvantageous to such Lender.  A certificate of such Lender claiming compensation under this Section 5.01, setting forth in reasonable detail the additional amount or amounts to be paid to it hereunder, shall be conclusive and binding on the Borrower in the absence of manifest error.
 
(d)          Delays.  Failure or delay on the part of any Lender to demand compensation pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section shall not constitute a waiver of such Lender’s right to demand such compensation; provided that the Borrower shall not be required to compensate a Lender pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section for any increased costs unless the Lender notifies the Borrower, within 90 days following the receipt by such Lender of its audited annual financial statements for the fiscal year in which such increased costs were incurred, of the change in Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions and of such Lender’s intention to claim compensation therefor.
 
(e)          Other Changes.  Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, (x) the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and all requests, rules, guidelines or directives thereunder or issued in connection therewith and (y) all requests, rules, guidelines or directives promulgated by the Bank for International Settlements, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (or any successor or similar authority) or the United States or foreign regulatory authorities, in each case pursuant to Basel III, shall in each case be deemed to constitute a change in Law for all purposes of this Section 5.01, regardless of the date enacted, adopted or issued.
 
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5.02       Illegality.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, in the event that on or after the date hereof (or, with respect to any Lender, such later date on which such Lender becomes party to this Agreement) the adoption of or any change in any applicable Law or in the interpretation or application thereof by any competent Governmental Authority shall make it unlawful for a Lender or its lending office to make or maintain the Loans (and, in the opinion of such Lender, the designation of a different lending office would either not avoid such unlawfulness or would be disadvantageous to such Lender), then such Lender shall promptly notify the Borrower thereof, following which, if such Law shall so mandate, the Loans shall be prepaid by the Borrower on or before such date as shall be mandated by such Law in an amount equal to the Prepayment Price applicable on such Prepayment Date in accordance with Section 3.03(a).
 
5.03       Taxes.
 
(a)          Payments Free of Taxes.  Any and all payments by or on account of any Obligation shall be made without deduction or withholding for any Taxes, except as required by applicable Law. If any applicable Law (as determined in the good faith discretion of an applicable Withholding Agent) requires the deduction or withholding of any Tax from any such payment by a Withholding Agent, then the applicable Withholding Agent shall be entitled to make such deduction or withholding and shall timely pay the full amount deducted or withheld to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable Law and, if such Tax is an Indemnified Tax, then the sum payable by such Obligor shall be increased as necessary so that after such deduction or withholding has been made (including such deductions and withholdings applicable to additional sums payable under this Section 5.03) the applicable Recipient receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such deduction or withholding been made.
 
(b)          Payment of Other Taxes by the Borrower.  The Borrower shall timely pay to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable Law, or, in the case of Other Taxes paid by the Administrative Agent or any Lender, at the request of the Administrative Agent, timely reimburse such relevant Person for the payment of such Other Taxes.
 
(c)          Evidence of Payments.  As soon as reasonably practicable after any payment of Taxes by the Borrower or by the Withholding Agent, as applicable, to a Governmental Authority pursuant to this Section 5.03, the Borrower or the Withholding Agent, as applicable, shall deliver to the Administrative Agent the original or a certified copy of a receipt issued by such Governmental Authority evidencing such payment, a copy of the return reporting such payment or other evidence of such payment reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.
 
(d)          Indemnification by the Borrower.  The Borrower shall indemnify each Recipient, within ten (10) days after demand therefor, for the full amount of any Indemnified Taxes (including Indemnified Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to amounts payable under this Section 5.03) payable or paid by such Recipient or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to such Recipient and any reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Indemnified Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to the Borrower by a Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), or by the Administrative Agent on its own behalf or on behalf of a Lender shall be conclusive absent manifest error.
 
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(e)          Indemnification by the Lender.  Each Lender shall severally indemnify the Administrative Agent, within ten (10) days after demand therefor, for (i) any Indemnified Taxes attributable to such Lender (but only to the extent that the Borrower has not already indemnified the Administrative Agent for such Indemnified Taxes and without limiting the obligation of the Borrower to do so), (ii) any Taxes attributable to such Lender’s failure to comply with the provisions of Section 14.05(e) relating to the maintenance of a Participant Register and (iii) any Excluded Taxes attributable to such Lender, in each case, that are payable or paid by the Administrative Agent in connection with any Loan Document, and any reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority.  A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to any Lender by the Administrative Agent shall be conclusive absent manifest error.  Each Lender hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent to set off and apply any and all amounts at any time owing to such Lender under any Loan Document or otherwise payable by the Administrative Agent to the Lender from any other source against any amount due to the Administrative Agent under this clause (e).
 
(f)          Status of Lenders.
 
(i)          Any Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding Tax with respect to payments made under any Loan Document shall deliver to the Parent Guarantor or the Borrower, as applicable, through the Administrative Agent at the time or times reasonably requested by the Parent Guarantor or the Borrower, as applicable, such properly completed and executed documentation reasonably requested by the Parent Guarantor or the Borrower, as applicable, as will permit the Parent Guarantor or the Borrower, as applicable, and to the extent possible, by the Lenders to procure such authorizations as may be necessary to make such payments without withholding or at a reduced rate of withholding (and will, when possible, request only such documentation which imposes the least possible burden on the Lender).  In addition, any Lenders shall deliver such other documentation prescribed by applicable Law or reasonably requested by the Parent Guarantor or the Borrower, as applicable, or the Administrative Agent as will enable the Parent Guarantor or the Borrower, as applicable, or the Administrative Agent to determine whether or not such Lender is subject to backup withholding or information reporting requirements.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the preceding two sentences, the completion, execution and submission of such documentation (other than such documentation set forth in Section 5.03(f)(ii)(A), (ii)(B), and (ii)(D)) shall not be required if in such Lender’s reasonable judgment such completion, execution or submission would subject such Lender to any material unreimbursed cost or expense or would materially prejudice the legal or commercial position of such Lender.
 
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(ii)          Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, in the event that the Borrower is a U.S. Person:
 
(A)          any Lender that is a U.S. Person shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent on or prior to the date on which such Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent), executed copies of IRS Form W-9 (or successor form) certifying that such Lender is exempt from U.S. federal backup withholding tax;
 
(B)          any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent), whichever of the following is applicable:
 
(1)          in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of an income tax treaty to which the United States is a party (x) with respect to payments of interest under any Loan Document, executed copies of IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E as applicable (or successor forms) establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding Tax pursuant to the “interest” article of such tax treaty and (y) with respect to any other applicable payments under any Loan Document, IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W‑8BEN-E as applicable (or successor forms) establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding Tax pursuant to the “business profits” or “other income” article of such tax treaty;
 
(2)          executed copies of IRS Form W-8ECI (or successor form);
 
(3)          in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of the exemption for portfolio interest under Section 881(c) of the Code, (x) a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit D-1 to the effect that such Foreign Lender is not a “bank” within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, a “10 percent shareholder” of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code, or a “controlled foreign corporation” related to the Borrower as described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code (a “U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate”) and (y) executed copies of IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E as applicable (or successor forms); or
 
(4)          to the extent a Foreign Lender is not the beneficial owner, executed copies of IRS Form W-8IMY (or successor form), accompanied by IRS Form W‑8ECI (or successor form), IRS Form W-8BEN or IRS Form W-8BEN-E (or successor forms), a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate, substantially in the form of Exhibit D-2 or Exhibit D-3, IRS Form W-9 (or successor form), and/or other certification documents from each beneficial owner, as applicable; provided that if the Foreign Lender is a partnership and one or more direct or indirect partners of such Foreign Lender are claiming the portfolio interest exemption, such Foreign Lender may provide a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit D-4 on behalf of each such direct and indirect partner.
 
(C)          any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent), executed copies of any other form prescribed by applicable Law as a basis for claiming exemption from or a reduction in U.S. federal withholding Tax, duly completed, together with such supplementary documentation as may be prescribed by such applicable Law to permit the Borrower or the Administrative Agent to determine the withholding or deduction required to be made;
 
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(D)          if a payment made to a Lender under any Loan Document would be subject to U.S. federal withholding Tax imposed by FATCA if such Lender were to fail to comply with the applicable reporting requirements of FATCA (including those contained in Section 1471(b) or 1472(b) of the Code, as applicable), such Lender shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent at the time or times prescribed by law and at such time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent such documentation prescribed by applicable Law (including as prescribed by Section 1471(b)(3)(C)(i) of the Code) and such additional documentation reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent as may be necessary for the Borrower and the Administrative Agent to comply with their obligations under FATCA and to determine that such Lender has complied with such Recipient’s obligations under FATCA or to determine the amount, if any, to deduct and withhold from such payment under FATCA.  Solely for purposes of this clause (D), “FATCA” shall include any amendments made to FATCA after the date of this Agreement; and
 
(E)          to the extent legally permissible, on or prior to the date on which the Administrative Agent becomes a party to this Agreement and at the other time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower, the Administrative Agent shall (A) if the Administrative Agent is a U.S. Person, deliver to Borrower an IRS Form W-9 properly executed by the Administrative Agent, or (B) if the Administrative Agent is not a U.S. Person, deliver to Borrower the applicable IRS Form W-8 properly executed by the Administrative Agent and certifying the Administrative Agent’s exemption, if any, from U.S. withholding Taxes with respect to amounts payable under the Agreement.
 
Each Recipient agrees that if any form or certification it previously delivered expires or becomes obsolete or inaccurate in any respect, it shall update such form or certification or promptly notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent in writing of its legal inability to do so.
 
(g)          Treatment of Certain Tax Benefits.  If any party to this Agreement determines, in its sole discretion exercised in good faith, that it has received a refund of any Taxes as to which it has been indemnified pursuant to this Section 5.03 (including by the payment of additional amounts pursuant to this Section 5.03), it shall pay to the indemnifying party an amount equal to such refund (but only to the extent of indemnity payments made under this Section 5.03 with respect to the Taxes giving rise to such refund), net of all out-of-pocket expenses (including Taxes) of such indemnified party and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant Governmental Authority with respect to such refund). Such indemnifying party, upon the request of such indemnified party, shall repay to such indemnified party the amount paid over pursuant to this clause (plus any penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant Governmental Authority) in the event that such indemnified party is required to repay such refund to such Governmental Authority.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 5.03(g), in no event will the indemnified party be required to pay any amount to an indemnifying party pursuant to this Section 5.03(g) the payment of which would place the indemnified party in a less favorable net after-Tax position than the indemnified party would have been in if the Tax subject to indemnification and giving rise to such refund had not been deducted, withheld or otherwise imposed and the indemnification payments or additional amounts with respect to such Tax had never been paid. This Section 5.03(g) shall not be construed to require any indemnified party to make available its Tax returns (or any other information relating to its Taxes that it deems confidential) to the indemnifying party or any other Person.
 
(h)          Mitigation Obligations.  If the Borrower is required to pay any Indemnified Taxes or additional amounts to any Lender or to any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender pursuant to Section 5.01 or this Section 5.03, then such Lender shall (at the request of the Borrower) use commercially reasonable efforts to designate a different lending office for funding or booking its Loans hereunder or to assign and delegate its rights and obligations hereunder to another of its offices, branches or Affiliates if, in the reasonable judgment of such Lender, such designation or assignment and delegation would (i) eliminate or reduce amounts payable pursuant to Section 5.01 or this Section 5.03, as the case may be, in the future, (ii) not subject such Lender to any unreimbursed cost or expense and (iii) not otherwise be disadvantageous to such Lender. The Borrower hereby agrees to pay all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by any Lender in connection with any such designation or assignment and delegation.
 
(i)          Survival.  Each party’s obligations under this Section 5.03 shall survive the resignation or replacement of the Administrative Agent or any assignment of rights by, or the replacement of, a Lender, the termination of the Commitments and the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of all Obligations under any Loan Document.
 
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SECTION 6.
CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
 
6.01       Conditions to the Borrowing of the Tranche 1 Loans.  The obligation of each Lender to make its Tranche 1 Loan on the Closing Date shall be subject to the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the parties hereto, the delivery of a Borrowing Notice as required pursuant to Section 2.02, the delivery of a funds flow memorandum summarizing, in reasonable detail, the use of proceeds of the Tranche 1 Loans, and the prior or concurrent satisfaction (or waiver thereof by the Administrative Agent) of each of the conditions precedent set forth below in this Section 6.01.
 
(a)          Secretary’s Certificate, Etc.  The Administrative Agent shall have received from each Obligor (i) a copy of a good standing certificate, dated a date reasonably close to the Closing Date, for each such Person (other than the Parent Guarantor) and (ii) a certificate, dated as of the Closing Date, duly executed and delivered by a Responsible Officer of such Person, as to: (x) resolutions of each such Person’s Board then in full force and effect authorizing the execution, delivery and performance of each Loan Document, the Transactions to be executed and delivered by such Person and any documents and notices to be signed and/or dispatched by such Person under or in connection with any of the Loan Documents or in connection with the Transactions; (y) the incumbency and signatures of those of its officers, managing member or general partner or equivalent authorized to act with respect to each Loan Document and delivered by such Person; and (z) the full force and validity of each Organic Document of such Person and copies thereof; which certificates shall be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and upon which the Administrative Agent and the Lenders may conclusively rely until they shall have received a further certificate of a Responsible Officer of any such Person cancelling or amending the prior certificate of such Person. The resolutions of the Board of the Parent Guarantor referred to the above in this clause (a) shall certify, pursuant to sections 256(d) and 282 of the Israeli Companies Law, that all approvals, as required under the Israeli Companies Law (including, without limitation, under sections 255, 270-272 and Section 277 thereof) and the Organic Documents of the Parent Guarantor, have been duly obtained for, amongst other things, the Transactions.
 
(b)          Information Certificate. The Administrative Agent shall have received a fully completed Information Certificate, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, dated as of the Closing Date, duly executed and delivered by a Responsible Officer of the Parent Guarantor, which is true and correct in all material respects as of such date.  All documents and agreements required to be appended to the Information Certificate, if any, shall be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, shall have been executed and delivered by the requisite parties and shall be in full force and effect.
 
(c)          Closing Date Certificate. The following statements shall be true and correct, and the Administrative Agent shall have received a certificate, dated as of the Closing Date, duly executed and delivered by a Responsible Officer of the Parent Guarantor representing, warranting and certifying that: (i) both immediately before and after giving effect to the Borrowing on the Closing Date, (x) the representations and warranties set forth in each Loan Document that are qualified by materiality, Material Adverse Effect or the like are, in each case, true and correct, (y) the representations and warranties set forth in each Loan Document that are not qualified by materiality, Material Adverse Effect or the like are, in each case, true and correct in all material respects, and (z) no Default has occurred and is continuing, or could reasonably be expected to result from the making of the Tranche 1 Loans being advanced, or the consummation of any Transactions contemplated to occur on the Closing Date, and (ii) all of the conditions set forth in this Section 6.01 have been satisfied (except to the extent waived in writing by the Administrative Agent).  All documents and agreements required to be appended to the certificate delivered pursuant to this Section 6.01(c), if any, shall be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, shall have been executed and delivered by the requisite parties, and shall be in full force and effect.
 
(d)          Delivery of Notes.  The Administrative Agent shall have received a Note in favor of each Lender for the Tranche 1 Loan being made by it on the Closing Date, duly executed and delivered by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower.
 
(e)          Financial Information, Etc.  The Administrative Agent shall have received:
 
(i)          audited consolidated financial statements of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018; and
 
(ii)         unaudited consolidated balance sheets of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries for each fiscal quarter ended after December 31, 2018 and at least ten (10) Business Days prior to the Closing Date, together with the related consolidated statement of operations, shareholder’s equity and cash flows for each such fiscal quarter.
 
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(f)          Minimum Liquidity Compliance.  The Administrative Agent shall have received evidence reasonably satisfactory to it that, immediately after giving effect to the Borrowing on the Closing Date, the Obligors will be in compliance with the covenant set forth in Section 10.01.
 
(g)          Solvency.  The Administrative Agent shall have received a solvency certificate, substantially in the form of Exhibit I, duly executed and delivered by the chief financial or accounting Responsible Officer of the Parent Guarantor, dated as of the Closing Date.
 
(h)          Security Documents.  The Administrative Agent shall have received executed counterparts of the U.S. Security Agreement and each Israeli Security Agreement, each dated as of the Closing Date, duly executed and delivered by the applicable Obligor party thereto, together with:
 
(i)          the delivery of all certificates of Equity Interests evidencing the issued and outstanding capital securities owned by each Obligor that are required to be pledged under the U.S. Security Agreement, which certificates in each case shall be accompanied by undated instruments of transfer duly executed in blank, or, in the case of Equity Interests that are uncertificated securities (as defined in the UCC), confirmation and evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent that the security interest required to be pledged therein under the U.S. Security Agreement has been transferred to and perfected by the Administrative Agent in accordance with Articles 8 and 9 of the NY UCC and all Laws otherwise applicable to the perfection of the pledge of such Equity Interests;
 
(ii)         financing statements naming each Obligor as a debtor and the Administrative Agent as the secured party, or other similar instruments, registrations or documents, in each case suitable for filing, filed under the UCC (or equivalent law) of all jurisdictions as may be necessary or, in the commercially reasonable opinion of the Administrative Agent, desirable to perfect the Liens of the Secured Parties pursuant to the U.S. Security Agreement;
 
(iii)         UCC-3 termination statements, as may be necessary to release all Liens (other than Permitted Liens) and other rights of any Person in any collateral described in the U.S. Security Agreement previously granted by any Person;
 
(iv)         all Short-Form IP Security Agreements required to be provided under the U.S. Security Agreement, each dated as of the Closing Date, duly executed and delivered by each applicable Obligor; and
 
(v)         original copies duly executed of notices of charges (Form 10) in relation to each of the Security Documents to which Parent Guarantor is a party, together with a Hebrew convenience translation thereof accompanied by a certificate of a Responsible Officer of the Parent Guarantor as to the adequacy of the translation.
 
(i)          Controlled Accounts. The Administrative Agent shall have received evidence satisfactory to it that all Deposit Accounts, Securities Accounts, Commodities Accounts, lockboxes or other similar accounts of each Obligor are Controlled Accounts.
 
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(j)          Lien Searches.  The Administrative Agent shall be reasonably satisfied with (i) Lien searches regarding the Subsidiaries of the Parent Guarantor made within twenty (20) Business Days prior to the Borrowing of the Tranche 1 Loans and (ii) copies of an extract from the file of (a) the Parent Guarantor from the Israeli Companies Registrar evidencing that there are no outstanding Liens over the Collateral owned by the Parent Guarantor other than the Permitted Liens and (b) to the extent available, in relation to any Patents registered in Israel and owned by the Borrower or the Parent Guarantor, an extract from the file of such Patents at the Israel Patent Registry evidencing that there are no outstanding Liens recorded over such Patents (such searches being herein referred to as the “Israeli Lien Searches”), in each case made within twenty (20) Business Days prior to the Borrowing of the Tranche 1 Loans.
 
(k)          Warrants.  Each Lender shall have received an executed counterpart of its Warrant duly executed and delivered by the Parent Guarantor.
 
(l)           Intercompany Subordination Agreement.  The Administrative Agent shall have received executed counterparts of the Intercompany Subordination Agreement, duly executed and delivered by each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries party thereto.
 
(m)         Insurance.  The Administrative Agent shall have received:
 
(i)           certificates of insurance evidencing that the insurance required to be maintained pursuant to Section 8.05 is in full force and effect, together with endorsements naming the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, as additional insured and loss payee thereunder, in each case, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent; and
 
(ii)          certified copies of the insurance policies (or binders in respect thereof), from one or more insurance companies satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, required to be maintained pursuant to Section 8.05 is in full force and effect.
 
(n)          Legal Opinions of Counsel.  The Administrative Agent shall have received one or more legal opinions, dated as of the Closing Date and addressed to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, from independent legal counsel to the Borrower and each other Obligor, in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent.
 
(o)          Payoff of Outstanding Indebtedness. To the extent applicable, all outstanding Indebtedness (other than Permitted Indebtedness) of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries, together with all accrued and unpaid interest and related fees, costs and expenses, shall be indefeasibly paid in full, and the Administrative Agent shall have received executed payoff letters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, evidencing such indefeasible payment in full (and irrevocable termination) of such outstanding Indebtedness and the termination and release of all guarantees and Liens, if any, in connection therewith.
 
(p)          Material Adverse Change.  No Material Adverse Change shall have occurred in the business, financial performance or condition (financial or otherwise), operations (including the results thereof), assets, properties or prospects of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, since December 31, 2018.
 
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(q)          Anti-Terrorism Laws.  The Administrative Agent shall have received, as applicable, all documentation and other information required by bank regulatory authorities and any Governmental Authority requested by the Administrative Agent at least five (5) Business Days prior to the Closing Date with respect to applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including the Patriot Act.
 
(r)          Satisfactory Legal Form.  All documents executed, delivered or submitted pursuant hereto by or on behalf of any Obligor any of its respective Subsidiaries shall be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Administrative Agent and its counsel, and the Administrative Agent and its counsel shall have received all information, approvals, resolutions, opinions, documents or instruments as the Administrative Agent or its counsel may reasonably request.
 
(s)          Closing Fees, Expenses, Etc.  Each Lender shall have received its Proportionate Share of the Draw Fee payable in respect of the Borrowing of Tranche 1 Loans, and the Administrative Agent shall have received for its account and the account of each Lender, all other fees, costs and expenses, if any, due and payable pursuant to the Proposal Letter and Section 14.03, including all reasonable and documented closing costs and fees and all unpaid reasonable expenses of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders incurred in connection with the Transactions in excess of the Expense Deposit (including the Administrative Agent’s and the Lenders’ legal fees and expenses).
 
6.02       Conditions to the Borrowing of the Tranche 2 Loans.  The obligation of each Lender to make its Tranche 2 Loan on the Tranche 2 Borrowing Date shall be subject to the prior making of the Tranche 1 Loan on the Closing Date, the delivery of a Borrowing Notice as required pursuant to Section 2.02, the delivery of a funds flow memorandum summarizing, in reasonable detail, the use of proceeds of the Tranche 2 Loans, and the prior or concurrent satisfaction of each of the conditions precedent set forth below in this Section 6.02.
 
(a)          Secretary’s Certificate, Etc.  The Administrative Agent shall have received from each Obligor (i) a copy of a good standing certificate, dated a date reasonably close to the Tranche 2 Borrowing Date, for each such Person (other than the Parent Guarantor) and (ii) a certificate, dated as of the Tranche 2 Borrowing Date, duly executed and delivered by a Responsible Officer of such Person as to: (x) resolutions of each such Person’s Board then in full force and effect authorizing the Borrowing on the Tranche 2 Borrowing Date and any other Transactions to be consummated by such Person in connection with the Borrowing of the Tranche 2 Loans; and (y) the full force and validity of each Organic Document of such Person and (A) copies thereof or (B) a statement that copies thereof have not been amended or otherwise modified since the Closing Date; which certificates shall be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and upon which the Administrative Agent and the Lenders may conclusively rely until they shall have received a further certificate of a Responsible Officer of any such Person cancelling or amending the prior certificate of such Person.  The resolutions of the Board of the Parent Guarantor referred to the above in this clause (a) shall certify, pursuant to sections 256(d) and 282 of the Israeli Companies Law, that all approvals, as required under the Israeli Companies Law (including, without limitation, under sections 255, 270-272 and Section 277 thereof) and the Organic Documents of the Parent Guarantor, have been duly obtained for, amongst other things, the Transactions.
 
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(b)          Tranche 2 Borrowing Certificate.  The following statements shall be true and correct, and the Administrative Agent shall have received a certificate, dated as of the Tranche 2 Borrowing Date, duly executed and delivered by a Responsible Officer of the Parent Guarantor representing, warranting and certifying that: (i) both immediately before and after giving effect to the Borrowing of the Tranche 2 Loans, (x) the representations and warranties set forth in each Loan Document that are qualified by materiality, Material Adverse Effect or the like are, in each case, true and correct, (y) the representations and warranties set forth in each Loan Document that are not qualified by materiality, Material Adverse Effect or the like are, in each case, true and correct in all material respects, and (z) no Default has occurred and is continuing, or could reasonably be expected to result from the making of the Tranche 2 Loans being advanced, or the consummation of any Transactions contemplated to occur on the Tranche 2 Borrowing Date, and (ii) all of the conditions set forth in this Section 6.02 have been satisfied (except to the extent waived in writing by the Administrative Agent); provided that, with respect with respect to the representation, warranty and certification referenced in clauses (x) and (y) above relating to representations and warranties set forth in this Agreement or any other Loan Document, (1) references in such representations and warranties to “the Closing Date” or “the date hereof” shall be deemed to be references to “the Tranche 2 Borrowing Date”, and (2) the Borrower may supplement the Schedules to this Agreement and the other Loan Documents as reasonably necessary in order for such certification to be true and correct on the Tranche 2 Borrowing Date; provided, further, that no such supplement shall be permitted in the event that the Administrative Agent reasonably determines that the circumstance or event necessitating such supplement was either (A) the result of the occurrence and continuance of a Default, or (B) constituted a Material Adverse Effect or (with respect to any supplement that does not reflect an action or transaction permitted by this Agreement), was otherwise materially adverse to the interests of the Lenders under the Loan Documents.  All documents and agreements required to be appended to the certificate delivered pursuant to this Section 6.02(b), if any, shall be in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, shall have been executed and delivered by the requisite parties, and shall be in full force and effect.
 
(c)          Delivery of Notes.  The Administrative Agent shall have received a Note in favor of each Lender for the Tranche 2 Loan being made by it on the Tranche 2 Borrowing Date, duly executed and delivered by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower.
 
(d)          Information Certificate.  The Administrative Agent shall have received a fully completed Information Certificate, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, dated as of the Tranche 2 Borrowing Date, which is true and correct in all material respects as of such date, duly executed and delivered by a Responsible Officer of the Parent Guarantor; provided that the Parent Guarantor may supplement the Information Certificate delivered on the Closing Date as reasonably necessary in order for such certification to be true and correct in all material respects as of such date; provided, further, that no such supplement shall be permitted in the event that the Administrative Agent reasonably determines that the circumstance or event necessitating such supplement was either (A) the result of the occurrence and continuance of a Default, or (B) constituted a Material Adverse Effect or (with respect to any supplement that does not reflect an action or transaction permitted by this Agreement) was otherwise materially adverse to the interests of the Lenders under the Loan Documents.  All documents and agreements required to be appended to the Information Certificate, if any, shall be in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, shall have been executed and delivered by the requisite parties and shall be in full force and effect.
 
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(e)          FDA Approval of FMX101.  The FDA shall have approved NDA 212379 (minocycline hydrochloride foam, 4%) for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of non-nodular moderate to severe acne vulgaris (upon such approval, “FMX101”), and FMX101 shall have been listed in the FDA’s “Orange Book” (“FMX101 Approval”).
 
(f)          Lien Searches.  The Administrative Agent shall be satisfied with (i) bring down Lien searches regarding the Subsidiaries of the Parent Guarantor and (ii) the Israeli Lien Searches with respect to the Parent Guarantor, in each case made within twenty (20) Business Days prior to the Borrowing of the Tranche 2 Loans.
 
(g)         Material Adverse Change.  No Material Adverse Change shall have occurred in the business, financial performance or condition (financial or otherwise), operations (including the results thereof), assets, properties or prospects of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, since December 31, 2018.
 
(h)          Manufacturing Contract.  At least five (5) Business Days prior to the Tranche 2 Borrowing Date, the Lenders shall have received written copies of one or more definitive Contracts entered into by the Parent Guarantor or one of its Subsidiaries and one or more third parties for the commercial supply and manufacture of FMX101 (collectively, an “FMX101 Manufacturing Contract”); provided that each such Contract shall be entered into on an arm’s-length basis on commercially reasonable terms.
 
(i)          Tranche 2 Borrowing Date. The Tranche 2 Borrowing Date shall have occurred on or before February 28, 2020.
 
(j)          Satisfactory Legal Form.  All documents executed, delivered or submitted pursuant hereto by or on behalf of any Obligor or any of its respective Subsidiaries shall be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Administrative Agent and its counsel, and the Administrative Agent and its counsel shall have received all information, approvals, resolutions, opinions, documents or instruments as the Administrative Agent or its counsel may reasonably request.
 
(k)          Fees, Expenses, Etc.  Each Lender shall have received its Proportionate Share of the Draw Fee payable in respect of the Borrowing of the Tranche 2 Loans, and the Administrative Agent shall have received for its account and the account of each Lender, all other fees, costs and expenses, if any, due and payable pursuant to the Section 14.03 (including the Administrative Agent’s and the Lenders’ legal fees and expenses).
 
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6.03       Conditions to the Borrowing of the Tranche 3 Loans.  The obligation of each Lender to make its Tranche 3 Loan on the Tranche 3 Borrowing Date shall be subject to the prior making of the Tranche 1 Loan on the Closing Date, the delivery of a Borrowing Notice as required pursuant to Section 2.02, the delivery of a funds flow memorandum summarizing, in reasonable detail, the use of proceeds of the Tranche 3 Loans, and the prior or concurrent satisfaction of each of the conditions precedent set forth below in this Section 6.03.
 
(a)          Secretary’s Certificate, Etc.  The Administrative Agent shall have received from each Obligor (i) a copy of a good standing certificate, dated a date reasonably close to the Tranche 3 Borrowing Date, for each such Person (other than the Parent Guarantor) and (ii) a certificate, dated as of the Tranche 3 Borrowing Date, duly executed and delivered by a Responsible Officer of such Person as to: (x) resolutions of each such Person’s Board then in full force and effect authorizing the Borrowing on the Tranche 3 Borrowing Date and any other Transactions to be consummated by such Person in connection with the Borrowing of the Tranche 3 Loans; and (y) the full force and validity of each Organic Document of such Person and (A) copies thereof or (B) a statement that copies thereof have not been amended or otherwise modified since the Closing Date; which certificates shall be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and upon which the Administrative Agent and the Lenders may conclusively rely until they shall have received a further certificate of a Responsible Officer of any such Person cancelling or amending the prior certificate of such Person. The resolutions of the Board of the Parent Guarantor referred to the above in this clause (a) shall certify, pursuant to sections 256(d) and 282 of the Israeli Companies Law, that all approvals, as required under the Israeli Companies Law (including, without limitation, under sections 255, 270-272 and Section 277 thereof) and the Organic Documents of the Parent Guarantor, have been duly obtained for, amongst other things, the Transactions.
 
(b)          Tranche 3 Borrowing Certificate.  The following statements shall be true and correct, and the Administrative Agent shall have received a certificate, dated as of the Tranche 3 Borrowing Date, duly executed and delivered by a Responsible Officer of the Parent Guarantor representing, warranting and certifying that: (i) both immediately before and after giving effect to the Borrowing of the Tranche 3 Loans, (x) the representations and warranties set forth in each Loan Document that are qualified by materiality, Material Adverse Effect or the like are, in each case, true and correct, (y) the representations and warranties set forth in each Loan Document that are not qualified by materiality, Material Adverse Effect or the like are, in each case, true and correct in all material respects, and (z) no Default has occurred and is continuing, or could reasonably be expected to result from the making of the Tranche 3 Loans being advanced, or the consummation of any Transactions contemplated to occur on the Tranche 3 Borrowing Date, and (ii) all of the conditions set forth in this Section 6.03 have been satisfied (except to the extent waived in writing by the Administrative Agent); provided that, with respect with respect to the representation, warranty and certification referenced in clauses (x) and (y) above relating to representations and warranties set forth in this Agreement or any other Loan Document, (1) references in such representations and warranties to “the Closing Date” or “the date hereof” shall be deemed to be references to “the Tranche 3 Borrowing Date”, and (2) the Borrower may supplement the Schedules to this Agreement and the other Loan Documents as reasonably necessary in order for such certification to be true and correct on the Tranche 3 Borrowing Date; provided, further, that no such supplement shall be permitted in the event that the Administrative Agent reasonably determines that the circumstance or event necessitating such supplement was either (A) the result of the occurrence and continuance of a Default, or (B) constituted a Material Adverse Effect or (with respect to any supplement that does not reflect an action or transaction permitted by this Agreement), was otherwise materially adverse to the interests of the Lenders under the Loan Documents.  All documents and agreements required to be appended to the certificate delivered pursuant to this Section 6.03(b), if any, shall be in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, shall have been executed and delivered by the requisite parties, and shall be in full force and effect.
 
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(c)          Delivery of Notes.  The Administrative Agent shall have received a Note in favor of each Lender for the Tranche 3 Loan being made by it on the Tranche 3 Borrowing Date, duly executed and delivered by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower.
 
(d)          Information Certificate.  The Administrative Agent shall have received a fully completed Information Certificate, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, dated as of the Tranche 3 Borrowing Date, which is true and correct in all material respects as of such date, duly executed and delivered by a Responsible Officer of the Parent Guarantor; provided that the Parent Guarantor may supplement the Information Certificate delivered on the Closing Date as reasonably necessary in order for such certification to be true and correct in all material respects as of such date; provided, further, that no such supplement shall be permitted in the event that the Administrative Agent reasonably determines that the circumstance or event necessitating such supplement was either (A) the result of the occurrence and continuance of a Default, or (B) constituted a Material Adverse Effect or (with respect to any supplement that does not reflect an action or transaction permitted by this Agreement), was otherwise materially adverse to the interests of the Lenders under the Loan Documents.  All documents and agreements required to be appended to the Information Certificate, if any, shall be in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, shall have been executed and delivered by the requisite parties, and shall be in full force and effect.
 
(e)          Minimum Net Revenue.  The Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries shall have generated Net Revenue in an aggregate amount not less than at $12,000,000 for the period of twelve (12) consecutive calendar months ended immediately prior to the Borrowing of the Tranche 3 Loans.
 
(f)          Lien Searches.  The Administrative Agent shall be satisfied with (i) bring down Lien searches regarding the Subsidiaries of the Parent Guarantor and (ii) the Israeli Lien Searches with respect to the Parent Guarantor, in each case made within twenty (20) Business Days prior to the Borrowing of the Tranche 3 Loans.
 
(g)          Tranche 3 Borrowing Date.  The Tranche 3 Borrowing Date shall have occurred on or before September 30, 2020.
 
(h)          Material Adverse Change.  No Material Adverse Change shall have occurred in the business, financial performance or condition (financial or otherwise), operations (including the results thereof), assets, properties or prospects of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, since December 31, 2018.
 
(i)          Satisfactory Legal Form.  All documents executed, delivered or submitted pursuant hereto by or on behalf of any Obligor or any of its respective Subsidiaries shall be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Administrative Agent and its counsel, and the Administrative Agent and its counsel shall have received all information, approvals, resolutions, opinions, documents or instruments as the Administrative Agent or its counsel may reasonably request.
 
(j)          Fees, Expenses, Etc.  Each Lender shall have received its Proportionate Share of the Draw Fee payable in respect of the Borrowing of the Tranche 3 Loans, and the Administrative Agent shall have received for its account and the account of each Lender, all other fees, costs and expenses, if any, due and payable pursuant to the Section 14.03 (including the Administrative Agent’s and the Lenders’ legal fees and expenses).
 
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SECTION 7.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
 
Each Obligor hereby jointly and severally represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and each Lender that:
 
7.01       Power and Authority.  (A) Each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries (i) is duly organized and validly existing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization, (ii) has all requisite corporate or other power, and has all Governmental Approvals necessary to own its assets and carry on its business as now being or as proposed to be conducted, including all Regulatory Approvals, except to the extent that failure to have the same could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (iii) is qualified to do business and is in good standing in all jurisdictions in which the nature of the business conducted by it makes such qualification necessary and where failure so to qualify, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and (iv) has full power, authority and legal right to enter into and perform its obligations under each of the Loan Documents to which it is a party and, in the case of the Borrower, to borrow the Loans hereunder and (B) the Parent Guarantor is not a “company in breach” (“hevrah meferah”), as such term is defined in the Israeli Companies Law 1999, and has not received a notice that it is expected to be registered as such.
 
7.02       Authorization; Enforceability.  Each Transaction to which an Obligor is a party (or to which it or any of its assets or properties is subject) are within such Obligor’s corporate or other powers and have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action including, if required, approval by all necessary holders of Equity Interests.  This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by each Obligor and constitutes, and each of the other Loan Documents to which it is a party when executed and delivered by such Obligor will constitute, a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Obligor subject, solely with respect to the Parent Guarantor in the case of the Security Documents to which the Parent Guarantor is party and not any other Loan Documents, to the filing and registration of each such Security Document with the relevant Governmental Authorities within the applicable timeframes required therefor, enforceable against such Obligor in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws of general applicability affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights and (ii) the application of general principles of equity (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).
 
7.03       Governmental and Other Approvals; No Conflicts.  No authorization or approval or other action by, and no notice or filing with, any Governmental Authority or any other Person (other than those that have been duly obtained or made and which are in full force and effect) is required for the due execution, delivery or performance by any Obligor of any Loan Document to which it is a party, except for filings and recordings in respect of perfecting or recording the Liens created pursuant to the Security Documents. None of the Transactions will violate or conflict with (i) any Law, (ii) any Organic Document of any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries, (iii) any Governmental Approval of any Governmental Authority, (iv) will violate or result in a material default under any Material Agreement binding upon any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries, or (v) will result in the creation or imposition of any Lien (other than Permitted Liens) on any asset of any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries.  Each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries and their respective properties and businesses are in compliance in all material respects with all Laws (including Healthcare Laws) and Governmental Approvals applicable to such Person and its properties or businesses, as the case may be. No authorization or approval or other action by, and no notice or filing with, the Israeli Innovation Authority is required for the due execution, delivery, performance, registration or perfection of any of the Security Documents.
 
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7.04       Financial Statements; Material Adverse Change.
 
(a)          Financial Statements.  The Borrower has heretofore furnished to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders certain consolidated financial statements as provided for in Section 6.01(e).  Such financial statements, and all other financial statements delivered by the Parent Guarantor pursuant hereto (whether prior to the Closing Date or otherwise) present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position and results of operations and cash flows of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries as of such dates and for such periods in accordance with GAAP, subject to year-end audit adjustments and the absence of footnotes in the case of the statements of the type described in Sections 8.01(a) and 8.01(b).  Neither the Parent Guarantor nor any of its Subsidiaries has any material contingent liabilities or unusual forward or long-term commitments not disclosed in the aforementioned financial statements.
 
(b)          No Material Adverse Change.  Since December 31, 2018, there has been no Material Adverse Change.
 
7.05       Properties.
 
(a)          Property Generally.  With respect to all real and personal assets and properties of each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries (other than Intellectual Property which is covered in clause (c) below), each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries has good and marketable fee simple title to, or valid leasehold interests in, all its real and personal property, whether tangible or intangible, material to its business, including all properties and assets relating to its Products or Product Commercialization and Development Activities, subject only to Permitted Liens and except as could not reasonably be expected to (i) interfere with its ability to conduct its business as currently conducted or to utilize such properties for their intended purposes or (ii) prevent or interfere with the ability of any Obligor any of its Subsidiaries to conduct its business in the ordinary course.
 
(b)          Products. Schedule 7.05(b) contains a complete and accurate list and description (in reasonable detail) of all Products (set forth on an Obligor-by-Obligor or Subsidiary-by-Subsidiary basis, as the case may be).
 
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(c)          Intellectual Property.
 
(i)          Schedule 7.05(c)(i) contains with respect to each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries (set forth on an Obligor-by-Obligor or Subsidiary-by-Subsidiary basis, as the case may be):
 
(A)          a complete and accurate list of all applied for, issued or registered Patents owned by or licensed to each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries, including the jurisdiction and patent number, which qualify as Material Intellectual Property;
 
(B)          a complete and accurate list of all applied for, or registered active Trademarks owned by or licensed to each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries, including the jurisdiction, trademark application or registration number and the application or registration date, which qualify as Material Intellectual Property; and
 
(C)          a complete and accurate list of all applied for or registered Copyrights owned by or licensed to each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries, which qualify as Material Intellectual Property.
 
(ii)         The Borrower or another Obligor, as applicable, is the absolute registered beneficial owner of all right, title and interest in and to all Material Intellectual Property, with no breaks in chain of title and with good and marketable title, free and clear of any Liens or Claims of any kind whatsoever other than Permitted Liens, and the Borrower or such other Obligor has the right to use all such Material Intellectual Property (other than the Finacea IP) in the ordinary course of the Borrower’s business or the Obligors’ businesses, as applicable, as currently conducted and as anticipated to be conducted.  Without limiting the foregoing, and except as set forth in Schedule 7.05(c)(ii):
 
(A)          other than as permitted pursuant to Section 9.09, none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries has transferred ownership of any of its Material Intellectual Property (other than the Finacea IP), in whole or in part, to any Person who is not an Obligor;
 
(B)          other than (1) customary restrictions in in-bound licenses of Intellectual Property and non-disclosure agreements, or (2) as would have been or is permitted pursuant to Section 9.13, there are no judgments, covenants not to sue, permits, grants, licenses, Liens (other than Permitted Liens), Claims, or other agreements or arrangements relating to or otherwise adversely affecting any Material Intellectual Property (other than the Finacea IP), including any development, submission, services, research, license or support agreements, which materially bind, obligate or otherwise restrict any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to any Material Intellectual Property;
 
(C)          the use by any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries of any of their respective Material Intellectual Property (other than the Finacea IP) in the ordinary course of such Person’s businesses does not, in any material respect, breach, violate, infringe or constitute a misappropriation of any valid patent claims or rights arising under any granted Intellectual Property of any other Person;
 
(D)          (1) there are no pending or, to any Obligor’s knowledge, threatened Claims against any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries asserted by any other Person relating to any Material Intellectual Property (other than the Finacea IP), including any Claims of adverse ownership, invalidity, infringement, misappropriation, violation or other opposition to or conflict with such Intellectual Property that, if adversely determined, would be reasonably likely to materially adversely affect the use of such Material Intellectual Property by such Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries, as the case may be; and (2) none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries has received in writing any notice from, or Claim by, any such other Person that the use of any Material Intellectual Property (other than the Finacea IP) infringes upon, violates or constitutes a misappropriation of, or may infringe upon, violate or constitute a misappropriation of, or otherwise offer a license with respect to, any Intellectual Property of any such other Person in any material respect;
 
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(E)          none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries has knowledge that any Material Intellectual Property (other than the Finacea IP) is, in any material respect, being infringed, violated or misappropriated by any other Person without the express authorization of such Obligor; and, without limiting the foregoing, none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries has put any such other Person on notice of any actual or potential infringement, violation or misappropriation of any Material Intellectual Property, and none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries has initiated the enforcement of any Claim with respect to any Material Intellectual Property (other than the Finacea IP) for any such infringement, violation or misappropriation;
 
(F)          all relevant current and former employees and contractors of the each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries have executed written confidentiality and invention assignment Contracts with the such Obligor or such Subsidiary, as applicable, that irrevocably assigns to such Obligor or such Subsidiary, as applicable, or its designee all rights of such employees and contractors to any Inventions, improvements or discoveries and protects confidential information relating to the business of such Obligor or such Subsidiary, as applicable;
 
(G)          each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries has made available to the Administrative Agent accurate and complete copies of all Material Agreements relating to Material Intellectual Property, other than Material Agreements that contain confidentiality restrictions prohibiting such disclosure; provided that each FMX101 Manufacturing Contract shall be provided or made available to the Lenders and the Administrative Agent, without regard to any confidentiality restrictions; and
 
(H)          each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries has taken reasonable precautions to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of its trade secrets and confidential information.
 
(iii)        With respect to the Material Intellectual Property consisting of Patents, except as set forth on Schedule 7.05(c)(iii), and without limiting the representations and warranties in Section 7.05(c)(ii):
 
(A)          to the knowledge of the Parent Guarantor each of the issued claims in such Patents is valid and enforceable;
 
(B)          each inventor named in such Patents has executed written Contracts with an Obligor or its predecessor-in-interest that properly and irrevocably assigns to such Obligor or its predecessor-in-interest all of such inventor’s rights, title and interest to any of the Inventions claimed in such Patents;
 
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(C)         all such Patents are in good standing and none of the issued claims, or Inventions claimed, in such Patent, have been dedicated to the public except as the result of intentional decisions made by an Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries;
 
(D)          all non-duplicative or non-similar prior art material to such Patents known to Obligors was disclosed in accordance with applicable disclosure procedure or considered by the respective patent offices during prosecution of such Patents to the extent required by applicable Law;
 
(E)          subsequent to the issuance of such Patents (other than the Finacea IP), none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries nor any of their respective predecessors-in-interest, has filed any disclaimer (other than filing a terminal disclaimer) or made or permitted any other voluntary reduction in the scope of the claims (other than by seeking a Certificate of Correction) in such Patents;
 
(F)          (i) to the knowledge of the Obligors, the allowable or allowed subject matter of such Patents is not subject to any competing conception claims of allowable or allowed subject matter of any patent applications or patents of any third party and has not been the subject of any interference, and are not and have not been the subject of any re-examination, opposition or any other post-grant proceedings, and (ii) none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries has knowledge of any reasonable basis for any such interference, re-examination, opposition, inter partes review, post grant review, or any other post-grant proceedings of such Patents by a third party;
 
(G)          no such Patents have ever been finally adjudicated to be invalid, unpatentable or unenforceable for any reason in any administrative, arbitration, judicial or other proceeding, and, with the exception of publicly available documents in the applicable patent office recorded with respect to any Patents, none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries has received any notice in writing asserting that such Patents are invalid, unpatentable or unenforceable (other than in relation to the Finacea IP); if any such Patent is terminally disclaimed to another patent or patent application of an Obligor, all such patents and patent applications subject to such terminal disclaimer are included in the Collateral;
 
(H)          none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries has received a written legal opinion, whether preliminary in nature or qualified in any manner, which concludes that a challenge to the validity or enforceability of any such Patents is more likely than not to succeed;
 
(I)           none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries, or (to the knowledge of the Parent Guarantor) any of their respective agents or representatives, have knowingly engaged in any conduct or omitted to perform any necessary act, the result of which would invalidate or render unpatentable or unenforceable any such Patent; and
 
(J)           all maintenance fees, annuities, and the like due or payable on or with respect to any such Patents have been timely paid or the failure to so pay could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.
 
(iv)          The Obligors own or hold rights to all Intellectual Property necessary to conduct all Product Commercialization and Development Activities relating to the Products.
 
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7.06       No Actions or Proceedings.
 
(a)          Litigation.  There is no litigation, investigation or proceeding pending or, to the knowledge of any Obligor, threatened in writing, with respect to any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries by or before any Governmental Authority or arbitrator that, (i) could, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, except as specified on Schedule 7.06(a), (ii) involves this Agreement, any other Loan Document, any Product or Product Commercialization and Development Activities or the Transactions, or (iii) any Material Intellectual Property (other than respect to the Finacea IP).
 
(b)          Environmental Matters.  The operations and property of the Obligors and each of their Subsidiaries comply with all applicable Environmental Laws, except to the extent the failure to so comply (either individually or in the aggregate) could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
 
(c)          Labor Matters.  There are no strikes, lockouts or other material labor disputes against any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries or, to each Obligor’s knowledge, threatened in writing against or directly affecting any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries, and no significant unfair labor practice complaint is pending against any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of any Obligor, threatened in writing, against any of them before any Governmental Authority. Except as set forth on Schedule 7.06(c), none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries is a party to any collective bargaining agreement or similar Contract, no union representation exists on any facilities of any of the Obligors or any of their Subsidiaries, and no Obligor has knowledge of any union organizing activities that are taking place.
 
7.07       Compliance with Laws and Agreements.
 
(a)          Each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries is in compliance with all applicable Laws and all Contracts binding upon it or its property, except (other than with respect to Material Intellectual Property) where the failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect or Material Regulatory Event.  No Default has occurred and is continuing, or will occur as a result of any Borrowing hereunder.
 
(b)          Except as set forth on Schedule 7.07(b), each physician, other licensed healthcare professional, or any other Person who is in a position to refer patients or other business to any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries (collectively, a “Referral Source”) who has a direct ownership, investment, or financial interest in any Obligor or any such Subsidiary paid fair market value for such ownership, investment or financial interest; any ownership or investment returns distributed to any Referral Source is in proportion to such Referral Source’s ownership, investment or financial interest; and no preferential treatment or more favorable terms were or are offered to such Referral Source compared to investors or owners who are not in a position to refer patients or other business.  None of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries, directly or indirectly, has or will guarantee a loan, make a payment toward a loan or otherwise subsidize a loan for any Referral Source including, without limitation, any loans related to financing the Referral Source’s ownership, investment or financial interest in any Obligor or any such Subsidiary.
 
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(c)          Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, except where noncompliance individually or in the aggregate could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Regulatory Event:
 
(i)          all financial relationships between or among each Obligor and its Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and any Referral Source, on the other hand (i) comply with all applicable Healthcare Laws including, without limitation, the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute, the Stark Law and other applicable anti-kickback and self-referral laws, whether U.S. or non-U.S.; (ii) reflect fair market value, have commercially reasonable terms, and were negotiated at arm’s length; and (iii) do not obligate the Referral Source to purchase, use, recommend or arrange for the use of any products or services of the such Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries; and

(ii)         each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries has implemented policies and procedures to monitor, collect, and report, and shall report, any payments or transfers of value to certain healthcare providers and teaching hospitals, in accordance with industry standards and the Affordable Care Act of 2010 and the Physician Payments Sunshine Act and their implementing regulations and state disclosure and transparency laws.

(d)          Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries is in material compliance with all applicable Healthcare Laws, and none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries has received written notice by a Governmental Authority of any material violation (or of any investigation, audit, or other proceeding involving allegations of any violation) of any Healthcare Laws, and except as set forth on Schedule 7.07(d), no such investigation, inspection, audit or other proceeding involving allegations of any such violation has been, to the knowledge of the such Obligor, threatened in writing.
 
(e)          None of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries is debarred or excluded from participation under state or federal health care program, including any state or federal workers compensation programs.
 
(f)         None of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries is a party to any corporate integrity agreements, deferred prosecution agreements, monitoring agreements, consent decrees, settlement orders, or similar agreements with or imposed by any Governmental Authority.
 
7.08       Taxes.  Except as set forth on Schedule 7.08, each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries has timely filed or caused to be filed all income, sales, use and other material tax returns required to have been filed by it and has paid or caused to be paid all material Taxes required to have been paid by it, except (a) Taxes that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted and for which such Obligor or such Subsidiary, as applicable, has maintained adequate reserves with respect thereto in accordance with GAAP or (b) to the extent that the failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
 
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7.09       Full Disclosure.  None of the reports, financial statements, certificates or other information furnished by or on behalf of the any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries to the Administrative Agent or any Lender in connection with the negotiation of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents or delivered hereunder or thereunder (as modified or supplemented by other information so furnished), when taken as a whole, contains any material misstatement of material fact or omits to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that, with respect to projected financial information, each Obligor represents only that such information was prepared in good faith based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable at the time such projections were delivered (it being understood by the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that such projected financial information is not to be viewed as facts, the projected financial information is subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies many of which are beyond the control of any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries, and that no assurances can be given that any particular projections will be realized and that actual results during the period or periods covered by any such projections may significantly differ from the projected results and such differences may be material).
 
7.10       Investment Company Act and Margin Stock Regulation.
 
(a)          Investment Company Act.  None of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries is an “investment company” as defined in, or subject to regulation under, the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
 
(b)         Margin Stock.  None of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries is engaged principally, or as one of its important activities, in the business of extending credit for the purpose, whether immediate, incidental or ultimate, of buying or carrying Margin Stock, and no part of the proceeds of the Loans will be used to buy or carry any Margin Stock in violation of Regulation T, U or X.
 
7.11       Solvency.  The Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, are, and, immediately after giving effect to the Borrowing and the use of proceeds thereof, will be Solvent.
 
7.12       Equity Holders; Subsidiaries and Other Investments.
 
(a)          Set forth on Schedule 7.12(a) is a complete and correct list of all direct and indirect Subsidiaries of the Parent Guarantor.  Each such Subsidiary is duly organized and validly existing under the jurisdiction of its organization shown in Schedule 7.12(a), and the percentage ownership by each Obligor of each such Subsidiary thereof is as shown in Schedule 7.12(a).
 
(b)          Set forth on Schedule 7.12(b) is a complete and correct list of all other Equity Interests owned or held by the Parent Guarantor or any of its direct or indirect Subsidiaries in any Person that is not a direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Parent Guarantor.  Schedule 7.12(b) also sets forth, in reasonable detail, the type of Equity Interest held by the Parent Guarantor or such Subsidiary in such other Person and the fully-diluted percentage ownership held beneficially by the Parent Guarantor or such Subsidiary in such other Person.
 
7.13       Indebtedness and Liens.  Set forth on Schedule 7.13(a) is a complete and correct list of all outstanding Indebtedness of the Parent Guarantor and each of its Subsidiaries.  Set forth on Schedule 7.13(b) is a complete and correct (in reasonable detail) of all outstanding Indebtedness outstanding on the Closing Date that will be repaid and satisfied in full on the Closing Date with proceeds of the Tranche 1 Loan.  Set forth on Schedule 7.13(c) is a complete and correct list of all Liens granted by the Parent Guarantor and each of its Subsidiaries with respect to their respective properties other than the Liens granted pursuant to the Loan Documents.
 
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7.14       Material Agreements.  Set forth on Schedule 7.14 is a complete and correct list of each Material Agreement.  Except as limited by confidentiality restrictions prohibiting such disclosure, accurate and complete copies of each Material Agreement disclosed on such schedule have been made available to the Administrative Agent; provided that, to the extent any FMX101 Manufacturing Contract is entered into by or for the benefit of the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries, such Contract shall be disclosed and made available to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders without regard to any confidentiality restrictions.  None of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries is in default under any such Material Agreement, and except as set forth in Schedule 7.14, none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries has any knowledge of any material default by any counterparty to any such Material Agreement, and there are no pending or, to any Obligor’s knowledge, threatened Claims against any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries asserted by any other Person relating to any Material Agreements, including any Claims of breach or default under any such Material Agreements.  None of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries has received any information from, or Claim by, any Person that any Material Agreement is breached or is in default.  Other than as set forth on Schedule 7.14, are no outstanding and, no Obligor has knowledge of, any threatened disputes or disagreements with respect to any Material Agreement.
 
7.15       Restrictive Agreements.  Except as set forth in Schedule 7.15, none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries is subject to any Restrictive Agreement, except those permitted under Section 9.11.
 
7.16       Real Property.  Except as set forth in Schedule 7.16, none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries owns or leases (as tenant thereof) any real property.
 
7.17       Pension MattersSchedule 7.17 sets forth a complete and correct list of, and that separately identifies, (i) all Title IV Plans, (ii) all Multiemployer Plans and (iii) all material Benefit Plans.  Each Benefit Plan, and each trust thereunder, intended to qualify for tax exempt status under Section 401 or 501 of the Code or other applicable Law so qualifies.  Except for those that could not, in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (x) each Benefit Plan is in compliance with all applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code and other applicable Law, (y) there are no existing or pending or, to the knowledge of each Obligor, threatened in writing, Claims (other than routine claims for benefits in the normal course of business), sanctions, actions, lawsuits or other proceedings or investigation involving any Benefit Plan to which any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries incurs or otherwise has or could reasonably be expected to have an obligation or any liability or Claim and (z) no ERISA Event is reasonably expected to occur.  The Parent Guarantor and each of its ERISA Affiliates has met all applicable requirements under the ERISA Funding Rules with respect to each Title IV Plan, and no waiver of the minimum funding standards under the ERISA Funding Rules has been applied for or obtained.  As of the most recent valuation date for any Title IV Plan, the funding target attainment percentage (as defined in Section 430(d)(2) of the Code) is at least sixty percent (60%), and neither the Parent Guarantor nor any ERISA Affiliate knows of any facts or circumstances that could reasonably be expected to cause the funding target attainment percentage to fall below sixty percent (60%) as of the most recent valuation date.  No ERISA Event has occurred in connection with which obligations and liabilities (contingent or otherwise) remain outstanding.  No ERISA Affiliate would have any Withdrawal Liability as a result of a complete withdrawal from any Multiemployer Plan on the date this representation is made.
 
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7.18       Regulatory Approvals.
 
(a)          Each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries holds, and will continue to hold, either directly or through licensees and agents, all Regulatory Approvals necessary or required for such Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries to conduct their respective operations and businesses, including all Product Commercialization and Development Activities, in the manner currently conducted.
 
(b)          Set forth on Schedule 7.18(b) is a complete and accurate list of all Regulatory Approvals of the type described in clause (a) above. All such Regulatory Approvals held by the Obligors and their Subsidiaries are (i) legally and beneficially owned or held exclusively by an Obligor or one of its Subsidiaries, as the case may be, free and clear of all Liens other than Permitted Liens, (ii) validly registered and on file with the applicable Regulatory Authority, in compliance with all registration, filing and maintenance requirements (including any fee requirements) thereof, and (iii) valid, enforceable, in good standing and in full force and effect with the applicable Regulatory Authority in all respects.  All required notices, registrations, listings, supplemental applications or notification reports (including field alerts or other reports of adverse experiences) and all other required filings with respect to the Products or any related Product Commercialization and Development Activities have been, or will be, filed with the FDA and all other applicable Regulatory Authorities, and all such filings are, or will be, complete and correct and are in compliance with all applicable Laws.
 
(c)          All clinical and pre-clinical trials, if any, of investigational Products have been and are being conducted by or on behalf of each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries according to all applicable Laws and Product Standards along with appropriate monitoring of clinical investigator trial sites for their compliance, in each case, in all material respects, and the Obligors have disclosed to the Administrative Agent all such regulatory filings and all material communications between representatives of each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries and any Regulatory Authority.
 
(d)          Except as set forth on Schedule 7.18(d), and without limiting the generality of any other representation or warranty made by any Obligor hereunder or under any other Loan Document:  (i) all Products and all Product Commercialization and Development Activities comply in all material respects with all applicable Healthcare Laws and Regulatory Approvals; (ii) none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of any Obligor, any of their respective agents or suppliers have received any material inspection reports, warning letters or notices or similar documents with respect to any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activities from any Regulatory Authority within the last three (3) years that asserts lack of compliance with any applicable Healthcare Laws or Regulatory Approvals or other orders, injunctions, or decrees; (iii) none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of any Obligor, any of their respective agents or suppliers, licensors or licensees have received any notification from any Regulatory Authority within the last three (3) years, asserting that any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activities lacks a required Regulatory Approval; (iv) after due internal investigation, no Obligor is aware of any pending regulatory action, investigation or inquiry (other than non-material routine or periodic inspections or reviews) against any Obligor, any of its Subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of such Obligor, any of their respective suppliers, licensors or licensees with respect to any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activities, and, to the knowledge of such Obligor, there is no basis for any adverse regulatory action against any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of each Obligor, any of their respective suppliers, agents, licensors or licensees with respect to any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activities; and (v) without limiting the foregoing, (A) (1) there have been no product recalls, safety alerts, corrections, withdrawals, marketing suspensions, removals or the like conducted, undertaken or issued by any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries, whether voluntary, at the request, demand or order of any Regulatory Authority or otherwise, with respect to any Product, any Product Commercialization and Development Activities, any Regulatory Approval within the last three (3) years, (2) to the knowledge of any Obligor, there is no basis for the issuance of any such product recall, safety alert, correction, withdrawal, marketing suspension, removal or the like with respect to any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activities, and (B) no criminal, injunctive, seizure, detention or civil penalty action has been commenced or threatened in writing by any Regulatory Authority within the last three (3) years with respect to or in connection with any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activities, there are no consent decrees (including plea agreements) that relate to any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activities, and, to the knowledge of each Obligor, there is no basis for the commencement of any criminal injunctive, seizure, detention or civil penalty action by any Regulatory Authority relating to any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activities or for the issuance of any consent decree.  None of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of any Obligor, any of their respective agents or suppliers is employing or utilizing the services of any individual who has been debarred or temporarily suspended under any applicable Law.
 
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(e)          None of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries, nor to the knowledge of each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries, any of their respective officers, employees or agents has made an untrue statement of a material fact or fraudulent statements to the FDA or any other Regulatory Authority, failed to disclose a material fact required to be disclosed to the FDA or any other Regulatory Authority, or committed an act, made a statement, or failed to make a statement that, at the time such disclosure was made (or was not made), could reasonably be expected to provide a basis for the FDA or any other Regulatory Authority to invoke its policy respecting Fraud, Untrue Statements of Material Facts, Bribery and Illegal Gratuities, set forth in 56 Fed. Reg. 46191 (September 10, 1991) or any similar policy.
 
(f)          The clinical, preclinical, safety and other studies and tests conducted by or on behalf of or sponsored by each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries, or in respect of which any Products or Product candidates under development have participated, were (and if still pending, are) being conducted materially in accordance with all applicable Product Standards and Regulatory Approvals.  None of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries has received any notices or other correspondence from the FDA or any other Regulatory Authority requiring the termination or suspension of any clinical, preclinical, safety or other studies or tests used to support regulatory clearance of, or any Regulatory Approval for, any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activities.
 
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7.19       Transactions with Affiliates.  Except as set forth on Schedule 7.19, none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries is a party to any transaction that would be prohibited pursuant to Section 9.10.
 
7.20       OFAC.  None of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of any Obligor, any of their respective directors, officers or employees and, to the knowledge of any Obligor, any agents or other Persons acting on behalf of any of the foregoing (i) is currently the target of any Sanctions, (ii) is located, organized or residing in any Designated Jurisdiction, (iii) is or has been (within the previous five (5) years) engaged in any transaction with, or for the benefit of, any Person who is now or was then the target of Sanctions or who is located, organized or residing in any Designated Jurisdiction or (iv) is or has ever been in violation of or subject to an investigation relating to Sanctions.  No Loan, and no proceeds from any Loan, has been or will be used, directly or indirectly, to lend, contribute or provide to, or has been or will be otherwise made available to fund, any activity or business in any Designated Jurisdiction or to fund any activity or business of any Person located, organized or residing in any Designated Jurisdiction or who is the subject of any Sanctions, or in any other manner that will result in any violation by any Person (including the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and their Affiliates) of Sanctions.
 
7.21       Anti-Corruption.  None of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of any Obligor, any of their respective directors, officers or employees and, to the knowledge of any Obligor, any agents or other Persons acting on behalf of any of the foregoing, directly or indirectly, has (i) violated or is in violation of any applicable anti-corruption Law, (ii) made, offered to make, promised to make or authorized the payment or giving of, directly or indirectly, any Prohibited Payment or (iii) been subject to any investigation by any Governmental Authority with regard to any actual or alleged Prohibited Payment.
 
7.22       Deposit and Disbursement Accounts. Schedule 7.22 contains a list of all banks and other financial institutions at which each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries maintains Deposit Accounts, Securities Accounts, Commodity Accounts, lockboxes, or other similar accounts, and such Schedule correctly identifies the name, address and telephone number of each bank or financial institution, the name in which the account is held, the type of account, and the complete account number therefor (such accounts, the “Obligor Accounts”).
 
7.23      Senior Secured Obligations; Priority of Obligations; Security Interests.  Except for Permitted Indebtedness and as set forth on Schedule 7.13(a), the Obligations constitute the sole senior secured obligations and sole Indebtedness of the Obligors. No monetary Obligation arising hereunder or under any Loan Document, or arising in connection herewith or therewith, is subordinated to any other Indebtedness.  Each Security Document is effective to create in favor of the Secured Parties a legal, valid and enforceable security interest in the Collateral subject to such Security Document, each such security interest is legal, valid and enforceable, and each such security interest is perfected on a first-priority basis (subject to Permitted Liens that may apply to specific items of Collateral permitted pursuant to Section 9.02) and secures the Obligations, subject, in each case, solely in the case of the Security Documents to which the Parent Guarantor is party and not any other Loan Documents, to the filing and registration of each such Security Document with the relevant Governmental Authorities within the applicable timeframes required therefor.

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7.24       Royalties and Other Payments.  Except as set forth on Schedule 7.24, none of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries is obligated to pay any royalty, milestone payment, deferred payment or any other contingent payment in respect of any Product.
 
7.25       Non-Competes.  None of the Obligors nor any of their Subsidiaries nor any of their respective directors, officers or employees is subject to a non-compete agreement that prohibits or will interfere with any of the Product Commercialization and Development Activities, including the development, commercialization or marketing of any Product.
 
7.26       Internal Controls.  The Parent Guarantor, on behalf of itself and each of its Subsidiaries, has designed, has implemented and maintains reasonable internal controls relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
 
7.27       Reimbursement from Medical Reimbursement Programs.  Each Obligor and each of its Subsidiaries has, or will use reasonable best efforts to obtain, when applicable, the requisite provider number to bill Medicare (to the extent such Person participates in Medicare), the respective Medicaid program in the state or states in which such Person operates (to the extent such Person participates in the Medicaid program in such state or states), and all other commercial payor programs that any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries currently bills.  There is no investigation, audit, claim review, or other action pending with respect to any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of any Obligor, threatened in writing, which could reasonably be expected to result in a revocation, suspension, termination, probation, restriction, limitation, or non-renewal of any provider number issued to any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries or result in the exclusion of any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries from Medicare or Medicaid, and there is not any action pending or, to any Obligor’s knowledge, threatened in writing, pursuant to which any Governmental Authority seeks to impose material sanctions with respect to any Obligor’s business or any of any Obligor’s Subsidiaries’ businesses.
 
SECTION 8.
AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS
 
 Each Obligor covenants and agrees with the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that, until the Commitments have expired or been terminated and all Obligations (other than Warrant Obligations and inchoate indemnification and expense reimbursement obligations for which no Claim has been made) have been indefeasibly paid in full in cash:
 
8.01       Financial Statements and Other Information.  The Parent Guarantor shall, and to the extent applicable, shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, furnish to the Administrative Agent and each Lender the information described in this Section 8.01; provided, that the Parent Guarantor covenants and agrees that, for so long as the Parent Guarantor is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or Section 15 of the Exchange Act, the Parent Guarantor covenants and agrees that neither the Parent Guarantor nor any other Person acting on its behalf will provide, or be obligated to provide, to the Administrative Agent or any Lender or their respective representatives or agents any information, except for the information described in clauses (a), (b), (c) and (j) below, that the Parent Guarantor reasonably believes constitutes material non-public information, unless prior thereto such receiving Person shall have confirmed to the Parent Guarantor in writing that it consents to receive such information; provided, further, that the Parent Guarantor acknowledges and confirms that each Secured Party shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions involving securities of the Parent Guarantor; provided, further, that any document, report, proxy, registration statement or financial statement required to be furnished pursuant to clauses (a), (b) and (g) below will be deemed furnished to the Administrative Agent and each Lender on the date it is made publicly available on the SEC’s EDGAR system website.
 
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(a)          As soon as available and in any event within forty-five (45) days after the end of the first three (3) fiscal quarters of each fiscal year  (i) the consolidated balance sheets of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries as of the end of such fiscal quarter and (ii) the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries for such quarter and the portion of the fiscal year through the end of such fiscal quarter, in each case prepared in accordance with GAAP consistently applied, all in reasonable detail and setting forth in comparative form the figures for the corresponding period in the preceding fiscal year, together with (iii) a certificate of a Responsible Officer of the Parent Guarantor stating that (x) such financial statements fairly present in all material respects the financial condition of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries as at such date and (y) the results of operations of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries for the period ended on such date have been prepared in accordance with GAAP consistently applied, subject to changes resulting from normal, year-end audit adjustments and except for the absence of notes.
 
(b)          As soon as available and in any event within ninety (90) days after the end of each fiscal year (i) the consolidated balance sheets of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries as of the end of such fiscal year and (ii) the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries for such fiscal year, in each case prepared in accordance with GAAP consistently applied, all in reasonable detail and setting forth in comparative form the figures for the previous fiscal year, accompanied by a report and opinion thereon of PricewaterhouseCoopers or another firm of independent certified public accountants of recognized national standing reasonably acceptable to the Lenders which report and opinion shall be prepared in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards; provided that, with respect to any report and opinion delivered pursuant to this Section 8.01(b), such audit may include a “going concern” qualification relating solely to sufficient liquidity, so long as no other Default shall have occurred and be continuing at the time of delivery of such report and opinion; and provided, further that, not more than one (1) such Audits shall be permitted to be subject to any “going concern” qualifications.
 
(c)          Together with the financial statements required pursuant to Sections 8.01(a) and 8.01(b), a compliance certificate delivered by the chief financial or accounting Responsible Officer of the Parent Guarantor as of the end of the applicable accounting period, substantially in the form of Exhibit E (a “Compliance Certificate”) including, with respect to the financial statements delivered pursuant to Section 8.01(b), details of any issues that are material that are raised by the Parent Guarantor’s auditors.
 
(d)          After being prepared by the Parent Guarantor and approved by its Board, each consolidated financial forecast for the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries for the fiscal years to which such forecast relates.
 
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(e)          As soon as available and in any event no later than ninety (90) days following the end of each fiscal year of the Parent Guarantor, copies of an annual budget (or equivalent) for the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries, approved by the Parent Guarantor’s Board, for the then-current fiscal year, in form reasonably satisfactory to the Lenders, accompanied by a certificate of the chief financial officer of the Parent Guarantor certifying that (i) such budget was prepared by the Parent Guarantor in good faith and (ii) the Parent Guarantor had at the time of preparation of the budget, and at all times thereafter (including on and as of the date of delivery of such budget to the Lenders) has continued to have, a reasonable basis for all assumptions contained in such budget and such budget was prepared in accordance with, and based upon, such assumptions.
 
(f)          Promptly, and in any event within five (5) Business Days after receipt thereof by the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries, copies of each notice or other correspondence received from any securities regulator or exchange to the authority of which the Parent Guarantor may become subject from time to time concerning any investigation or possible investigation or other inquiry by such agency regarding financial or other operational results of the Parent Guarantor or any such Subsidiary.
 
(g)          Within five (5) Business Days after delivery, copies of each annual report, proxy or financial statement or other report or communication sent to the stockholders of the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries, and copies of all annual, regular, periodic and special reports and registration statements which the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries may file or be required to file with any securities regulator or exchange to the authority of which the Parent Guarantor or any such Subsidiary, as applicable, may become subject from time to time.
 
(h)          The information regarding insurance maintained by the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries as required under Section 8.05.
 
(i)           Within twenty-one (21) days following the end of each calendar month, evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, based upon the bank account statements of the Obligors, that the minimum liquidity requirement set forth in Section 10.01 was satisfied as of the last day of such calendar month.
 
(j)           No later than the date of delivery of any financial statements pursuant to Sections 8.01(a) or (b), with respect to the first fiscal period to which such change is applicable, notice of any material change in accounting policies or financial reporting practices by the Obligors; provided that disclosure in the notes to such financial statements, if any, shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements of this Section 8.01(j).
 
(k)          Such other information respecting the operations, properties, business, liabilities or condition (financial and otherwise) of the Parent Guarantor and each of its Subsidiaries (including with respect to the Collateral) as the Administrative Agent or any Lender may from time to time reasonably request.
 
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8.02       Notices of Material Events.  The Parent Guarantor shall and, to the extent applicable, shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to furnish to the Administrative Agent and each Lender written notice (prepared in reasonable detail) of the existence or occurrence of any of the events described in this Section 8.02 within five (5) Business Days after a Responsible Officer of the Parent Guarantor first obtains knowledge of such existence or occurrence; provided, that for so long as the Parent Guarantor is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or Section 15 of the Exchange Act, neither the Parent Guarantor nor any other Person acting on its behalf will provide, or be obligated to provide, to the Administrative Agent or any Lender or their respective representatives or agents any information, other than the information described in clause (a) below, that the Parent Guarantor reasonably believes constitutes material non-public information, unless prior thereto such receiving Person shall have confirmed to the Borrower in writing that it consents to receive such information; provided, further, that the Parent Guarantor acknowledges and confirms that each Secured Party shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions involving securities of the Parent Guarantor.
 
(a)          The occurrence of any Default.
 
(b)          The occurrence of any event with respect to any property or assets of the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries resulting in a Loss aggregating $1,000,000 (or the Equivalent Amount in other currencies) or more.
 
(c)          Any Claim, action, suit, notice of violation, hearing, investigation or other proceedings pending, or to any Obligor’s knowledge, threatened against or affecting any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries or with respect to the ownership, use, maintenance and operation of their respective businesses, operations or properties (including in respect of environmental matters), whether made by a Governmental Authority or other Person that, if adversely determined, could reasonably be expected to result in a Loss of $1,000,000 or more.
 
(d)          (i) On or prior to the date of any filing by any ERISA Affiliate of any notice of intent to terminate any Title IV Plan, a copy of such notice and (ii) promptly, and in any event within ten (10) days, after any Responsible Officer of any ERISA Affiliate knows or has reason to know that a request for a minimum funding waiver under Section 412 of the Code has been filed with respect to any Title IV Plan or Multiemployer Plan, a notice in writing describing such waiver request in reasonable detail and including any action that any ERISA Affiliate proposes to take with respect thereto, together with a copy of any notice filed with the PBGC or the IRS pertaining thereto.
 
(e)          (i) The termination of any Material Agreement other than in accordance with its terms, including as a result of a breach or default, (ii) the entering into of any new Material Agreement by any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries (and a copy thereof) or (iii) any material amendment to a Material Agreement (and a copy thereof).
 
(f)           Any reports and notices required to be delivered pursuant to the Security Documents.
 
(g)          Notice of any labor controversy resulting in or threatening to result in any strike, work stoppage, boycott, shutdown or other material labor disruption against or involving any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries.
 
(h)          Any licensing agreement or similar arrangement entered into by any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries in connection with any infringement or alleged infringement by the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries of any Intellectual Property of another Person.
 
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(i)          Notice of the filing or other acquisition of any Material Intellectual Property by any Obligor or any of its Subsidiary after the date hereof; provided that, with respect to any such Material Intellectual Property filed or acquired in any fiscal quarter, notice thereof pursuant to this Section 8.02(i) shall not be made later than the delivery of financial statements for such fiscal quarter required pursuant to Section 8.01(a).
 
(j)          Any change to any Obligor’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ ownership of any Obligor Accounts, by delivering to the Administrative Agent a notice setting forth a complete and correct list of all such accounts as of the date of such change.
 
(k)         The occurrence or existence of any event, circumstance, act or omission that has resulted in, or could reasonably be expected to result in, a Material Adverse Effect or a Material Regulatory Event.
 
(l)          The occurrence of any Claim related to any Product or inventory involving more than $500,000, written notice thereof from a Responsible Officer of the such Obligor which notice shall include a statement setting forth details of such Claim.
 
Each notice delivered under this Section 8.02 shall be accompanied by a statement of a Responsible Officer of the Parent Guarantor setting forth the details of the event or occurrence requiring such notice and any action taken or proposed to be taken with respect thereto (if applicable).  Nothing in this Section 8.02 is intended to waive, consent to or otherwise permit any action or omission that is otherwise prohibited by this Agreement or any other Loan Document.  Without limiting the five (5) Business Day delivery requirement first set forth above in this Section 8.02, information required to be delivered pursuant to this Section 8.02 shall be deemed to have been delivered on the date that such information shall have been made publicly available on the SEC’s EDGAR system website.
 
8.03       Existence; Conduct of Business.  Each Obligor shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve, renew and maintain in full force and effect its legal existence and all Governmental Approvals necessary or material to the conduct of its business; provided that the foregoing shall not prohibit any merger, amalgamation, consolidation, liquidation or dissolution permitted under Section 9.03.
 
8.04       Payment of Obligations.  Each Obligor shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, pay and discharge its obligations, including (i) all material Taxes imposed upon it or upon its properties or assets prior to the date on which penalties attach thereto, and all lawful Claims for labor, materials and supplies which, if unpaid, might become a Lien upon any properties or assets of such Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries, except to the extent such Taxes are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and for which such Obligor or its Subsidiary, as applicable, maintains adequate reserves in accordance with GAAP and (ii) all other lawful Claims which, if unpaid, would by Law become a Lien upon any material properties or assets of such Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries, other than a Permitted Lien.
 
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8.05       Insurance.  The Parent Guarantor shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to maintain, with financially sound and reputable insurance companies, insurance in such amounts and against such risks as are customarily maintained by companies engaged in the same or similar businesses operating in the same or similar locations, and with coverage amounts of at least $2,400,000 for property insurance and $1,350,000 for liability insurance.  Upon the request of the Administrative Agent, the Parent Guarantor shall furnish to the Administrative Agent from time to time: (i) full information as to the insurance carried by the Parent Guarantor and each of its Subsidiaries and, if so requested, copies of all such insurance policies and (ii) a certificate from the Parent Guarantor’s insurance broker or other insurance specialist stating that all premiums then due on the policies relating to insurance on the Collateral have been paid and that such policies are in full force and effect.  All such insurance policies required to be maintained pursuant to this Section shall (i) name the Administrative Agent, for its benefit and the benefit of the Lenders, as loss payee (in the case of property insurance) or as loss payee or additional insured (in the case of liability insurance), as applicable, and provide that no cancellation or modification of such policies will be made without at least thirty (30) days prior written notice to the Administrative Agent and (ii) be in addition to any requirements to maintain specific types of insurance contained in the other Loan Documents.  Receipt of notice of cancellation or modification of any such insurance policies or the reduction of coverage or amounts of coverage thereunder shall entitle any Secured Party to renew any such policies, cause the coverages and amounts thereof to be maintained at levels required pursuant to the first sentence of this Section 8.05 or otherwise to obtain similar insurance in place of such policies, in each case at the expense of the Obligors (to be payable on demand).  The amount of any such expenses shall accrue interest at the Default Rate if not paid on demand and shall constitute “Obligations”.
 
8.06       Books and Records; Inspection Rights.  The Parent Guarantor shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, keep proper books of record and account in which full, true and correct entries are made of all dealings and transactions in relation to its business and activities. The Parent Guarantor shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, permit any representatives designated by the Administrative Agent or any Lender, upon reasonable prior written notice and during normal business hours, to visit and inspect its properties, to examine and make extracts from its books and records (excluding records subject to attorney-client privilege, subject to confidentiality agreements with third parties that preclude disclosure to any Secured Party (acting in such capacity) or subject to confidentiality restrictions pursuant to Law (including HIPAA)), and to discuss its affairs, finances and condition (financial or otherwise) with its officers and independent accountants, all at such reasonable times (but not more often than once per year unless an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing) as the Administrative Agent or the Lenders may request. The Obligors shall pay all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs of all such inspections.
 
8.07       Compliance with Laws and Other Obligations.  Each Obligor shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, (i) comply in all material respects with all applicable Laws, Product Standards and Governmental Approvals (including all Environmental Laws and all Healthcare Laws), and (ii) maintain in full force and effect, remain in material compliance with, and perform in all material respects all its obligations under all Material Agreements, except (other than with respect to Material Intellectual Property) where the failure to do so, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
 
8.08       Maintenance of Properties, Etc.  Each Obligor shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, maintain and preserve all of its assets and properties, whether tangible or intangible, relating to its Products or Product Commercialization and Development Activities or otherwise, necessary or useful in the proper conduct of its business in good working order and condition in accordance with the general practice of other Persons of similar character and size, ordinary wear and tear and damage from casualty or condemnation excepted.
 
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8.09          Licenses.  Each Obligor shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, obtain and maintain all Governmental Approvals necessary in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of the Loan Documents, the consummation of the Transactions or the operation and conduct of its business and ownership of its properties (including its Product Commercialization and Development Activities).
 
8.10       Action under Environmental Laws.  Each Obligor shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, upon becoming aware of the release of any Hazardous Materials or the existence of any environmental liability under applicable Environmental Laws with respect to their respective businesses, operations or properties, take all actions, at their cost and expense, as shall be necessary or advisable to investigate and clean up the condition of their respective businesses, operations or properties, including all required removal, containment and remedial actions, to restore their respective businesses, operations and properties to a condition, in each case, in material compliance with applicable Environmental Laws.
 
8.11       Use of Proceeds.  The proceeds of the Loans shall be used only as provided in Section 2.04.  Without limiting the foregoing, no part of the proceeds of the Loans shall be used, whether directly or indirectly, for any purpose that entails a violation of any of the Regulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, including Regulations T, U and X.
 
8.12       Certain Obligations Respecting Subsidiaries; Further Assurances.
 
(a)          Subsidiary Guarantors.  Each Obligor shall take such action from time to time as shall be necessary to ensure that (x) each of its Subsidiaries (excluding any Immaterial Subsidiary) that is a party to this Agreement as of the date hereof will be and will remain an Obligor and Guarantor hereunder (except as otherwise permitted pursuant to Section 9.03), and (y) subject to clause (c) below, each of its other Subsidiaries (excluding any Immaterial Subsidiary), whether direct or indirect, now existing or hereafter created or acquired (including with respect to any Subsidiary that ceases to qualify as an Immaterial Subsidiary), will become a “Subsidiary Guarantor” and an “Obligor” pursuant to this Section 8.12, in each case within thirty (30) days of such creation or acquisition (or failure to qualify as an Immaterial Subsidiary) (or such longer period as the Administrative Agent, in its reasonable discretion, may consent to), including the following actions:
 
(i)           cause such Subsidiary to become a “Subsidiary Guarantor” hereunder pursuant to a Guarantee Assumption Agreement, a “Grantor” under the U.S. Security Agreement and, if such Subsidiary is a Person organized under Israeli law or has assets located in Israel, the Israeli Security Agreement, and a “Subsidiary Party” under the Intercompany Subordination Agreement;
 
(ii)          take such action (including joining or delivering any Security Document and delivering its certificated Equity Interests together with undated transfer powers executed in blank, applicable control agreements and other instruments) as shall be reasonably necessary or desirable or reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent to create and perfect, in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, valid and enforceable first priority Liens (except for Permitted Liens) on substantially all of the property of such Subsidiary as collateral security for the Obligations hereunder; provided that any such security interest or Lien shall be subject to the applicable Security Documents;
 
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(iii)         to the extent that the parent of such Subsidiary is not a party to the applicable Security Documents or has not otherwise pledged Equity Interests in its Subsidiaries in accordance with the terms of the Security Documents and this Agreement, cause such parent of such Subsidiary to execute and deliver a pledge agreement in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, in respect of all outstanding issued Equity Interests of such Subsidiary, together with any documents, notices or other ancillary documents to such pledge agreement as customary or otherwise advisable in any jurisdiction to effect all filings, perfections and registrations under any applicable Law, and to cause any such Subsidiary to amend its Organic Documents to allow for the creation and unrestricted enforcement of the pledge agreement; and
 
(iv)         deliver such proof of corporate action, incumbency of officers, opinions of counsel and other documents as is consistent with those delivered by each Obligor pursuant to Section 6.01 or as the Administrative Agent shall have reasonably requested.
 
(b)          Further Assurances.
 
(i)           The Parent Guarantor shall, and shall cause each of its direct and indirect Subsidiaries (excluding any Immaterial Subsidiary) to take such action from time to time as shall reasonably be requested by the Administrative Agent to effectuate the purposes and objectives of this Agreement and the applicable Security Documents.
 
(ii)          In the event that the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries (excluding any Immaterial Subsidiary) holds or acquires Obligor Intellectual Property during the term of this Agreement, then, upon the request of the Administrative Agent, the Parent Guarantor or such Subsidiary, as applicable, shall take any action as shall be reasonably necessary and reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent to ensure that the provisions of this Agreement and the Security Documents shall apply thereto and that such Obligor Intellectual Property shall constitute part of the Collateral under the Security Documents.
 
(iii)         Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Parent Guarantor shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries that is required to be or become a Subsidiary Guarantor hereunder to, take such action from time to time (including joining or delivering any Security Documents and delivering its certificated Equity Interests together with undated transfer powers executed in blank, applicable control agreements and other instruments) as shall be reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent to create, in favor of the Secured Parties, perfected security interests and Liens in substantially all of the property of such Person as collateral security for the Obligations; provided that any such security interest or Lien shall be subject to the relevant requirements of the applicable Security Documents.
 
(iv)         In the event that the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries acquires any real property during the term of this Agreement with a fair market value in excess of $1,000,000, such Obligor shall promptly notify the Administrative Agent and provide the Administrative Agent with a description of such real property, the acquisition date thereof and the purchase price therefor. Upon the request of the Administrative Agent, such Obligor or such Subsidiary, as applicable, shall execute and deliver a Mortgage with respect to such acquired real property to secure the Obligations.
 
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(c)          Costs and Benefits.  Any term or provision of this Section 8.12 to the contrary notwithstanding, without limiting the right of the Lenders to require a Lien or security interest in, or guaranty from, any newly acquired or created Subsidiary of the Parent Guarantor (or any Subsidiary or the Parent Guarantor that ceases to be an Immaterial Subsidiary), or a Lien or security interest on any assets or properties of the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries, upon the prior written request of the Parent Guarantor (prepared in reasonable detail), so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing the Parent Guarantor may request that the Lenders waive the requirements of this Section 8.12 to provide a Lien, security interest or guaranty, as the case may be, due to the cost and burden thereof upon the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) being unreasonably excessive relative to the benefit that would inure to the Lenders.  (For the avoidance of doubt, with respect to any Subsidiary of the Parent Guarantor that qualifies as a CFC or FSHCO, the Parent Guarantor may request such waiver in the event it reasonably determines that making such Subsidiary a guarantor hereunder or placing a Lien or security interest on its assets or properties would result in material adverse tax consequences to the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.)  Upon receipt of any such written request, the Lenders agree to review and consider such request, in good faith, and (within five (5) Business Days of receipt of such request) determine (and notify the Parent Guarantor) whether or not the Lenders will grant such request for a waiver, such determination to be made by the Lenders in their sole but commercially reasonable discretion.
 
8.13       Termination of Non-Permitted Liens.  In the event that any Obligor shall obtain knowledge of, or be notified by the Administrative Agent or any Lender of the existence of, any outstanding Lien against any assets or property of such Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries, which Lien is not a Permitted Lien, such Obligor shall use its best efforts to promptly terminate or cause the termination of such Lien.
 
8.14       Intellectual Property.  In the event that any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries (excluding any Immaterial Subsidiaries) files an application for or acquires Obligor Intellectual Property during the term of this Agreement, then the relevant provisions of this Agreement shall automatically apply thereto and such Obligor or such Subsidiary, as applicable, shall take such action from time to time as is necessary or shall be reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent to create, in favor of the Secured Parties, perfected security interests and Liens (including delivering any Security Documents or amendments to Security Documents, together with any documents, notices or other ancillary documents to such Security Documents or amendments to Security Documents as customary or otherwise advisable in any jurisdiction to effect all filings, perfections and registrations under any applicable Law) so that such Obligor Intellectual Property shall constitute part of the Collateral under the Security Documents subject to the relevant requirements of the applicable Security Documents, in each case from and after the date of such filing, creation or acquisition (except that any representations or warranties of any Obligor shall apply to any such Obligor Intellectual Property only from and after the date, if any, subsequent to such acquisition that such representations and warranties are brought down or made anew as provided herein).
 
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8.15       Litigation Cooperation.  Subject to attorney-client privilege, each Obligor shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, make available to the Administrative Agent, without expense to the Administrative Agent, its, and each of its Subsidiaries’, officers, employees, agents, books and records, to the extent that the Administrative Agent may deem them reasonably necessary to prosecute or defend against any third-party suit or proceeding instituted by or against the Administrative Agent or any Secured Party with respect to any Collateral, the subject of any Loan Document or relating to such Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries.
 
8.16       Maintenance of Regulatory Approvals, Contracts, Intellectual Property, Etc.  Each Obligor shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries (to the extent applicable) to, (i) maintain in full force and effect all material Regulatory Approvals, Material Agreements, Material Intellectual Property and other rights, interests or assets (whether tangible or intangible) reasonably necessary for the operations of such Person’s Product Commercialization and Development Activities, (ii) promptly after obtaining knowledge thereof, notify the Administrative Agent of any product recalls, safety alerts, corrections, withdrawals, marketing suspensions, removals or the like conducted, to be undertaken or issued, by such Obligor, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective agents, suppliers, licensors or licensees, as the case may be, whether voluntary or at the request, demand or order of any Regulatory Authority or otherwise with respect to any Product or any Product Commercialization and Development Activities, (iii) maintain in full force and effect, and pay all costs and expenses relating to, such Regulatory Approvals, Material Agreements and Material Intellectual Property owned, used or controlled by such Obligor or any such Subsidiary that are used in and necessary for any related Product Commercialization and Development Activities, (iv) promptly after obtaining knowledge thereof, notify the Administrative Agent of any infringement or other violation by any Person of such Obligor’s or any such Subsidiaries’ Material Intellectual Property, and take commercially reasonable efforts to pursue any such infringement or other violation, (v) use commercially reasonable efforts to pursue and maintain in full force and effect legal protection for all new Material Intellectual Property filed, created or acquired by such Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries, as the case may be, that is used in and necessary for the operations of the business of such Person, or in connection with any Product Commercialization and Development Activities relating to any Product, and (vi) promptly after obtaining knowledge thereof, notify the Administrative Agent of any Claim by any Person that the conduct of the business of such Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries, including in connection with any Product Commercialization and Development Activities, has infringed upon any Intellectual Property of such Person.
 
8.17       ERISA Compliance.  Each Obligor shall comply, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to comply, with the provisions of ERISA with respect to any Plans to which such Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries is a party as an employer in all material respects.
 
8.18       Cash Management.  Each Obligor shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to:
 
(a)          maintain at all times all Deposit Accounts, Securities Accounts, Commodity Accounts, lockboxes and similar accounts (other than Excluded Accounts) that are located in the U.S. and held by any Obligor with a bank or financial institution that has executed and delivered to and in favor of the Administrative Agent an account control agreement, in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent (each such Deposit Account, Securities Account, Commodity Account, lockbox or similar account, a “Controlled Account”);
 
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(b)          maintain each such Controlled Account as a cash collateral account, with all cash, checks and other similar items of payment in such account securing payment of the Obligations, and each Obligor shall have granted a Lien to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, over its Controlled Accounts;
 
(c)          deposit promptly, and in any event no later than five (5) Business Days after the date of receipt thereof, all cash, checks, drafts or other similar items of payment relating to or constituting payments made in respect of any and all accounts receivable, Contracts or any other rights and interests into one or more Controlled Accounts; and
 
(d)          at any time after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, at the request of the Administrative Agent, direct all payments constituting proceeds of accounts receivable to be directed into lockbox accounts pursuant to agreements in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.
 
8.19       Post-Closing Covenants.  The Borrower undertake:
 
(a)          To deliver to the Administrative Agent, without derogating from Sections 6.01 and 6.02 of the Credit Agreement, as soon as practicable and in any event within six (6) days from the effective date of the Security Documents to which the Parent Guarantor is a party to as of the Closing Date (which shall include the Israeli Security Agreements, the U.S. Security Agreement, and each Short-Form IP Security Agreement delivered on the Closing Date) ("Parent Security Documents") (as such period may be extended by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion), the following original documents, duly executed by the Parent Guarantor: each of the Parent Security Documents, a notice of charges form (Form #10) and a Hebrew convenience translation of the Parent Security Documents accompanied by a declaration of the Parent Guarantor, confirming the accuracy of such translation for the purposes of filing and registering such Parent Security Document with the Israeli Companies Registrar.
 
(b)          Within five (5) days from the date of the Israeli Fixed Charge Debenture, to file the Israeli Fixed Charge Debenture (together with any other documents necessary) for registration with the Israeli Patent Office in respect of the Patents listed in Schedule 3 to the Israeli Fixed Charge Debenture and to promptly provide evidence of such filing to the Administrative Agent.
 
(c)          Within twenty-one (21) days from the date of the Israeli Fixed Charge Debenture, to complete the registration of the Israeli Fixed Charge Debenture with the Israeli Patent Office in respect of the Patents listed in Schedule 3 to the Israeli Fixed Charge Debenture and deliver to the Administrative Agent excerpts from a search at the Israeli Patent Office against the Patents listed in Schedule 3, evidencing to the full satisfaction of the Administrative Agent that the registration of the Israeli Fixed Charge Debenture at the Israeli Patent Office in respect of the Patents listed in Schedule 3 to the Israeli Fixed Charge Debenture has been duly completed.
 
(d)          Within twenty-one (21) days from the date of the Parent Security Documents (as such period may be extended by the Administrative Agent in its reasonable discretion), (i) to complete the registration of the Parent Security Documents at the Israeli Companies Registrar and deliver to the Administrative Agent copies of excerpts from a search against the Parent Guarantor at the Israeli Companies Registrar, demonstrating to the full satisfaction of the Administrative Agent, that the filing, submission and registration of the Parent Security Documents with the Israeli Companies Registrar has been duly completed.
 
(e)          Promptly following receipt from the Israeli Companies Registrar, to deliver to the Administrative Agent a copy of the certificate of registration of the Parent Security Documents at the Israeli Companies Registrar.
 
(f)          Without limiting the obligations of the Parent Guarantor or any other Obligor hereunder, including pursuant to Section 8.19 (a) and (b) above, the Parent Guarantor and the Borrower each hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent and its counsel to file the Security Documents with the Israeli Companies Registrar and the Israeli Patent Authority (as applicable), together with the required form of notice (Form 10) and a Hebrew convenience translation thereof accompanied by a certificate of Parent Guarantor as to the adequacy of the translations.
 
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SECTION 9.
NEGATIVE COVENANTS
 
Each Obligor covenants and agrees with the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that, until the Commitments have expired or been terminated and all Obligations (other than Warrant Obligations and inchoate indemnification and expense reimbursement obligations for which no claim has been made) have been indefeasibly paid in full in cash:
 
9.01       Indebtedness.  The Obligors shall not, and shall not permit any of their Subsidiaries to, create, incur, assume or permit to exist any Indebtedness, whether directly or indirectly, except:
 
(a)          the Obligations;
 
(b)          Indebtedness existing on the Closing Date and set forth on Schedule 7.13(b) and Permitted Refinancings thereof; provided that, in each case, such Indebtedness is subordinated to the Obligations on terms satisfactory to the Administrative Agent;
 
(c)          accounts payable to trade creditors for goods and services and current operating liabilities (not the result of the borrowing of money) incurred in the ordinary course of the any Obligor’s business or any of its Subsidiaries’ businesses in accordance with customary terms and paid within ninety (90) days of becoming due, unless contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and reserved for in accordance with GAAP;
 
(d)          Indebtedness consisting of guarantees resulting from the endorsement of negotiable instruments for collection in the ordinary course of business;
 
(e)          Indebtedness of an Obligor to any other Obligor; provided that, in each case, such Indebtedness is subordinated to the Obligations on terms satisfactory to the Administrative Agent;
 
(f)          Guarantees by any Obligor of the Indebtedness of any other Obligor; provided that the Indebtedness resulting from any such Guarantees is subordinated to the Obligations on terms satisfactory to the Administrative Agent;
 
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(g)          ordinary course of business equipment financing and leasing; provided that (i) such Indebtedness was not incurred in contemplation of or in connection with an Acquisition, (ii) if secured, the collateral therefor consists solely of the assets being financed, the products and proceeds thereof and books and records related thereto, and (iii) the aggregate outstanding principal amount of such Indebtedness does not exceed $1,000,000 (or the Equivalent Amount in other currencies) at any time outstanding;
 
(h)          Indebtedness under Hedging Agreements permitted pursuant to Section 9.05(f);
 
(i)           Indebtedness assumed pursuant to any Permitted Acquisition; provided that the aggregate outstanding amount of such assumed Indebtedness shall not at any time exceed $1,000,000;
 
(j)           credit card Indebtedness in an outstanding principal amount not to exceed at any time $500,000 in the aggregate;
 
(k)          Indebtedness consisting of the financing of insurance premiums in respect of insurance policies insuring assets or businesses of an Obligor written or arranged in such Obligor’s ordinary course of business and which are payable within one (1) year, in each case in an amount not to exceed the amount of the applicable insurance premium in respect of any such policy plus interest and financing charges applicable thereto;
 
(l)          Indebtedness in respect of any agreement providing for treasury, depositary or cash management services, including in connection with any automated clearing house transfers of funds or any similar transfers, netting services, overdraft protections and other cash management and similar arrangements, in each case in the ordinary course of business;
 
(m)         advances or deposits from customers or vendors received in the ordinary course of business;
 
(n)          workers’ compensation claims, payment obligations in connection with health, disability or other types of social security benefits, unemployment or other insurance obligations and reclamation and statutory obligations, in each case incurred in the ordinary course of business; and
 
(o)          Indebtedness under any letters of credit in the aggregate amount not to exceed $1,500,000.
 
9.02       Liens.  The Obligors shall not, and shall not permit any of their Subsidiaries to, create, incur, assume or permit to exist any Lien on any property now owned by it or such Subsidiary, except:
 
(a)          Liens securing the Obligations;
 
(b)          any Lien on any property or asset of any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries existing on the Closing Date and set forth on Schedule 7.13(c); provided that (i) no such Lien shall extend to any other property or asset of any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries and (ii) any such Lien shall secure only those obligations which it secures on the Closing Date and extensions, renewals and replacements thereof that do not increase the outstanding principal amount thereof;
 
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(c)          Liens securing Indebtedness permitted under Section 9.01(g); provided that such Liens are restricted solely to the collateral permitted to be secured pursuant to Section 9.01(g);
 
(d)          Liens imposed by any applicable Law arising in the ordinary course of business, including (but not limited to) carriers’, warehousemen’s and mechanics’ liens and other similar Liens arising in the ordinary course of business and which (x) do not in the aggregate materially detract from the value of the property subject thereto or materially impair the use thereof in the operations of the business of such Person or (y) are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings, which proceedings have the effect of preventing the forfeiture or sale of the property subject to such Liens and for which adequate reserves have been made if required in accordance with GAAP;
 
(e)          pledges or deposits made in the ordinary course of business in connection with workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance or other similar social security legislation;
 
(f)          Liens securing Taxes, assessments and other governmental charges, the payment of which is not yet delinquent or is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings promptly initiated and diligently conducted and for which such reserve or other appropriate provisions, if any, as shall be required by GAAP shall have been made;
 
(g)          servitudes, easements, rights of way, restrictions and other similar encumbrances on real property imposed by any applicable Law and Liens consisting of zoning or building restrictions, easements, licenses, restrictions on the use of property or minor imperfections in title thereto which, in the aggregate, are not material, and which do not in any case materially detract from the value of the property subject thereto or interfere with the ordinary conduct of any Obligor’s business or any of such Obligor’s Subsidiaries’ businesses;
 
(h)          with respect to any real property, (i) such defects or encroachments as might be revealed by an up-to-date survey of such real property; (ii) the reservations, limitations, provisos and conditions expressed in the original grant, deed or patent of such property by the original owner of such real property pursuant to applicable Law; (iii) rights of expropriation, access or user or any similar right conferred or reserved by or in any applicable Law, which, in the aggregate for clauses (i), (ii) and (iii), are not material, and which do not in any case materially detract from the value of the property subject thereto or interfere with the ordinary conduct of the business of any of the Obligors or its Subsidiaries; and (iv) leases or subleases in the ordinary course of business;
 
(i)          Liens securing Indebtedness permitted under Section 9.01(i); provided that (i) such Lien is not created in contemplation of or in connection with such Permitted Acquisition, (ii) such Lien shall not apply to any other property or assets of any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries other than the property or assets being acquired pursuant to such Permitted Acquisition, and (iii) such Lien shall secure only those obligations that it secured immediately prior to the consummation of such Permitted Acquisition and extensions, renewals and replacements thereof that do not increase the outstanding principal amount thereof;
 
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(j)          bankers liens, rights of setoff and similar Liens incurred on deposits made in the ordinary course of business;
 
(k)          (i) licenses permitted pursuant to Section 9.13 and (ii) any ordinary course interest or title of a licensor, sublicensor, lessor or sublessor with respect to any assets under any inbound license or lease agreement permitted pursuant to Section 9.13;
 
(l)          cash collateral accounts serving as collateral in connection with Indebtedness permitted pursuant to Sections 9.01 (h), (j), (l) and (o);
 
(m)         judgment Liens resulting from judgments that, individually or in the aggregate with all other judgment Liens, would not constitute an Event of Default;
 
(n)          Liens solely on any cash earnest money deposits made by any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries in connection with any letter of intent or purchase agreement solely in connection with a Permitted Acquisition;
 
(o)          Liens securing Indebtedness permitted pursuant to Section 9.01(k); provided that such Lien shall be solely limited to the applicable policies, supporting documentation relating thereto and the Obligor’s right to receive proceeds under the insurance policy with respect to which such Indebtedness has been incurred;
 
(p)          To the extent not in excess of $1,000,000 at any time outstanding, deposits made in the ordinary course of business to secure the performance of obligations (other than obligations in respect of the repayment of borrowed money or the equivalent) including in respect of deposits to secure (i) letters of credit issued to secure clinical and commercial supply and/or manufacturing agreements, (ii) the performance of bids, tenders or contracts or (iii) indemnity, performance or other similar bonds for the performance of bids, tenders or contracts or surety or appeal bonds; and
 
(q)          other Liens in an aggregate outstanding amount not to exceed $1,000,000 at any time.
 
Any term or provision of this Section 9.02 to the contrary notwithstanding, no Lien otherwise permitted under any of the foregoing clauses shall apply to any Material Intellectual Property except for Liens described in clauses (a), (i) and (k) of this Section 9.02.
 
9.03       Fundamental Changes, Acquisitions, Etc. The Obligors shall not, and shall not permit any of their Subsidiaries to, (i) enter into any transaction of merger, amalgamation or consolidation that would result in a Change of Control, (ii) liquidate, wind up or dissolve itself (or suffer any liquidation or dissolution), (iii) sell or issue any Disqualified Equity Interests, or (iv) other than Permitted Acquisitions, make any Acquisition or otherwise acquire any business or substantially all the property from, or Equity Interests of, or be a party to any Acquisition of, any Person, except for the following, in each case, to the extent that no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would not (or could not reasonably be expected to) result in an Event of Default:
 
(a)          the merger, amalgamation or consolidation of any Subsidiary Guarantor with or into any other Obligor; provided that with respect to any such transaction involving the Borrower, the Borrower must be the surviving or successor entity of such transaction;
 
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(b)          the sale, lease, transfer or other disposition by any Subsidiary Guarantor of any or all of its property (upon voluntary liquidation or otherwise) to any other Obligor; and
 
(c)          the sale, transfer or other disposition of the Equity Interests of any Subsidiary Guarantor to any other Obligor.
 
9.04       Lines of Business.  The Obligors shall not, and shall not permit any of their Subsidiaries to, except as otherwise permitted under this Agreement through an outbound license of Obligor Intellectual Property otherwise permitted by this Section 9, engage in any business other than the business engaged in on the Closing Date by such Persons or a business reasonably related, incidental or complimentary thereto or a reasonable extension thereof.
 
9.05       Investments.  The Obligors shall not, and shall not permit any of their Subsidiaries to, make, directly or indirectly, or permit to remain outstanding any Investments except:
 
(a)          Investments outstanding on the Closing Date and identified on Schedule 9.05 and any modification, replacement, renewal or extension thereof to the extent not involving new or additional Investments;
 
(b)          operating Deposit Accounts, Securities Accounts or Commodity Accounts with banks or financial institutions that are Excluded Accounts or Controlled Accounts;
 
(c)          extensions of credit in the nature of accounts receivable or notes receivable arising from the sales of goods or services in the ordinary course of business and prepaid royalties in the ordinary course of business;
 
(d)          Permitted Cash Equivalent Investments in Controlled Accounts;
 
(e)          Investments by any Obligor in another Obligor;
 
(f)          Hedging Agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business for the purpose of hedging currency risks or interest rate risks (but not for speculative purposes) and in an aggregate notional amount for all such Hedging Agreements not in excess of $1,000,000 (or the Equivalent Amount in other currencies);
 
(g)          Investments consisting of prepaid expenses, negotiable instruments held for collection or deposit, security deposits with utilities and landlords to secure office space and other like Persons and deposits in connection with workers’ compensation and similar deposits, in each case, made in the ordinary course of business;
 
(h)          employee loans, travel advances and guarantees in accordance with the relevant Obligors’ usual and customary practices with respect thereto which in the aggregate shall not exceed $500,000 outstanding at any time (or the Equivalent Amount in other currencies);
 
(i)           Investments received in connection with any Insolvency Proceedings in respect of any customers, suppliers or clients and in settlement of delinquent obligations of, and other disputes with, customers, suppliers or clients;
 
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(j)           Investments permitted pursuant to Section 9.03;
 
(k)          so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing at the time such Investment is made, Investments in Subsidiaries that are not Obligors; provided that such Investments shall not exceed $1,000,000 in the aggregate since the Closing Date with respect to all such Investments;
 
(l)           Investments (i) acquired in Permitted Acquisitions and (ii) in connection with Asset Sales permitted pursuant to Section 9.09(d);
 
(m)         Investments in cash in joint ventures or strategic alliances entered into in furtherance of Product Commercialization and Development Activities of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1,000,000 in the aggregate since the Closing Date with respect to all such Investments; and
 
(n)          other Investments in an aggregate amount not to exceed $500,000 in the aggregate since the Closing Date.
 
9.06       Restricted Payments.  The Obligors shall not, and shall not permit any of their Subsidiaries to, declare or make, or agree to pay or make, directly or indirectly, any Restricted Payment; provided that the following Restricted Payments shall be permitted so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or could reasonably be expected to occur or result from such Restricted Payment:
 
(a)          dividends with respect to the Parent Guarantor’s Equity Interests payable solely in shares of its Qualified Equity Interests;
 
(b)          the Parent Guarantor’s purchase, redemption, retirement or other acquisition of shares of its Qualified Equity Interests (or the equivalent thereof) with the proceeds received from a substantially concurrent issue of new shares of its Qualified Equity Interests (or the equivalent thereof);
 
(c)          dividends paid by any Obligor or any Subsidiary of any Obligor to any Obligor;
 
(d)          upon the death, incapacity or termination of any natural person that is a holder of Qualified Equity Interests of the Parent Guarantor or the exercise of a right of first refusal or similar right in respect of any such holder, the Parent Guarantor may repurchase the stock of such Qualified Equity Interests of such holder or such holder’s family, trusts, estates and heirs pursuant to stock repurchase agreements in an amount not to exceed $1,000,000 per fiscal year;
 
(e)          cash in lieu of the issuance of fractional shares not to exceed $25,000 per fiscal year;
 
(f)          the Parent Guarantor may honor any non-cash (other than cash in lieu of fractional shares) conversion or exercise requests in respect of any convertible securities, options or warrants of the Parent Guarantor into Qualified Equity Interests of the Parent Guarantor pursuant to the terms of such convertible securities, options or warrants or otherwise in exchange therefor;
 
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(g)          the repurchase or other acquisition of Qualified Equity Interests of the Parent Guarantor deemed to occur (i) upon the exercise of stock options, warrants, restricted stock units or other rights to purchase Qualified Equity Interests of the Parent Guarantor if such Equity Interests represent a portion of the exercise price thereof or conversion price thereof and (ii) in connection with any tax withholding required upon the grant of or any exercise or vesting of any Qualified Equity Interests of the Parent Guarantor (or options in respect thereof);
 
(h)          payments of interest, principal and fees in respect of any Indebtedness owed by the Borrower to any Lender; and
 
(i)           any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries may receive or accept the return to such Obligor or any such Subsidiary, as applicable, of Equity Interests of the Parent Guarantor constituting a portion of the purchase price consideration in settlement of indemnification claims in connection with a Permitted Acquisition.
 
9.07       Payments of Indebtedness.  The Obligors shall not, and shall not permit any of their Subsidiaries to, make any payments in respect of any Indebtedness other than (i) payments of the Obligations and (ii) scheduled payments of other Indebtedness to the extent such Indebtedness is permitted pursuant to Section 9.01.
 
9.08       Change in Fiscal Year.  The Parent Guarantor shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, change the last day of its fiscal year from that in effect on the Closing Date, except to change the fiscal year of a Subsidiary acquired in connection with an Acquisition to conform its fiscal year to that of the Parent Guarantor.
 
9.09       Sales of Assets, Etc.  The Obligors shall not, and shall not permit any of their Subsidiaries to sell, lease, exclusively license (in terms of geography or field of use), transfer, or otherwise dispose of any of its assets or property (including accounts receivable, Intellectual Property or Equity Interests of Subsidiaries), or forgive, release or compromise any amount owed to any Obligor or any of their Subsidiaries, in each case, in one transaction or series of transactions (any thereof, an “Asset Sale”), except:
 
(a)          sales of inventory in the ordinary course of its business on ordinary business terms;
 
(b)          the forgiveness, release or compromise of any amount owed to any Obligor or Subsidiary in the ordinary course of business;
 
(c)          outbound licenses permitted pursuant to Section 9.13;
 
(d)          transfers of assets or property (other than Material Intellectual Property) by any Subsidiary of any Obligor to any Obligor;
 
(e)          dispositions (including by way of abandonment) of any assets or property (other than any Material Intellectual Property) that is obsolete or worn out or no longer used or useful for Product Commercialization or Development Activities;
 
(f)          in connection with any transaction permitted under Sections 9.03 or 9.06;
 
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(g)          the use of cash and Permitted Cash Equivalent Investments in the ordinary course of business or in connection with other business activities not prohibited or otherwise restricted hereby or by any other Loan Document;
 
(h)          dispositions consisting of the sale, transfer, assignment or other disposition of unpaid and overdue accounts receivable in connection with the collection, compromise or settlement thereof;
 
(i)          dispositions of property to the extent that such property is exchanged for credit against the purchase price of similar replacement property;
 
(j)          any Casualty Event that would constitute an Asset Sale;
 
(k)          (i) dispositions consisting of the sale, transfer, assignment, licensing (including exclusive licenses) or other disposition of any Obligor Intellectual Property that does not qualify as Material Intellectual Property, and (ii) dispositions consisting of the licensing (including exclusive licenses) of Material Intellectual Property exclusively outside of the United States;
 
(l)           (i) dispositions and licenses of Finacea IP entered into on an arm’s–length basis on commercially reasonable terms, and (ii) any forgiveness, release or compromise of any amount owed solely in respect of the Finacea IP that is made in connection with any settlement of ANDA litigation related solely to the Finacea IP; and
 
(m)         other Asset Sales outside the ordinary course not to exceed $1,000,000 in the aggregate since the Closing Date.
 
9.10       Transactions with Affiliates.  The Obligors shall not, and shall not permit any of their Subsidiaries to, sell, lease, license or otherwise transfer any assets to, or purchase, lease, license or otherwise acquire any assets from, or otherwise engage in any other transactions with, any of their Affiliates, except:
 
(a)          transactions between or among Obligors to the extent not prohibited hereunder;
 
(b)          customary compensation and indemnification of, and other employment arrangements with, directors, officers and employees of the Obligors or any of their respective Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business;
 
(c)          other transactions having terms that are no less favorable (including the amount of cash or other consideration received or paid by any Obligor) to any Obligor than those that would be obtained in a comparable arm’s-length transaction with a Person not an Affiliate of such Obligor; and
 
(d)          any other transaction that is (i) on fair and reasonable terms that are no less favorable to such Person than it could obtain in an arm’s-length transaction with another Person that is not an Affiliate, and (ii) of the kind which would be entered into by a prudent Person in the position of the relevant Obligor with another Person that is not an Affiliate.
 
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9.11       Restrictive Agreements.  The Obligors shall not, and shall not permit any of their Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, enter into, incur or permit to exist any Restrictive Agreement other than (i) restrictions and conditions imposed by applicable Laws or by the Loan Documents, (ii) Restrictive Agreements listed on Schedule 7.15, and (iii) customary restrictions and conditions contained in asset sale agreements, purchase agreements, acquisition agreements (including by way of merger, acquisition or consolidation) solely to the extent that (x) are only in effect pending consummation of the acquisition or sale contemplated pursuant to such agreement and (y) such restrictions or conditions (A) require any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries to conduct its business in the ordinary course of business (with respect to such assets or businesses) consistent with historic practices or (B) are only in effect (with respect to such assets or businesses) pending the consummation of such transaction; provided that such restrictions and conditions apply only to the assets or property subject to such transaction (or, if applicable, the conduct of business of the Obligors or their Subsidiaries with respect to such assets or businesses) and that such sale is permitted or, in the case of the sale of the Parent Guarantor or the Borrower, such agreement contemplates the repayment in full of the Obligations hereunder.
 
9.12       Modifications and Terminations of Material Agreements and Organic DocumentsThe Obligors shall not, and shall not permit any of their Subsidiaries to:
 
(a)          waive, amend, terminate, replace or otherwise modify any term or provision of any Organic Document in any way or manner adverse to the interests of the Administrative Agent or to the Lenders pursuant to any Loan Document or otherwise; or
 
(b)          (i) take or omit to take any action that results in the termination of, or permits any other Person to terminate, any Material Agreement or Material Intellectual Property or (ii) waive, amend, terminate, replace or otherwise modify any term or provision of any Material Agreement, in each case, in any way or manner materially adverse to the interests of the Administrative Agent or to the Lenders.
 
9.13       Inbound and Outbound Licenses.
 
(a)          Inbound Licenses.  The Obligors shall not, and shall not permit any of their Subsidiaries to, enter into or become or remain bound by any inbound license agreement requiring any such Person, during any period of twelve (12) consecutive months, to make aggregate cash payments in excess of $2,000,000 when taken together with all other such licenses agreements of the Obligors and all of their Subsidiaries (determined on a consolidated basis) and cash payments in respect of the purchase price for any Permitted Acquisition pursuant to clause (f) of the definition thereof, unless no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing (or could reasonably be expected to occur as a result thereof) and the Parent Guarantor has (i) provided prior written notice to the Administrative Agent of the material terms of such license or agreement with a description of its anticipated and projected impact on the relevant Obligor’s or Subsidiary’s, as applicable, business or financial condition, and (ii) taken such commercially reasonable actions as Administrative Agent may reasonably request to obtain the consent of, or waiver by, any Person whose consent or waiver is necessary for the Secured Parties to be granted a valid and perfected Lien on such license agreement and the right to fully exercise its rights under any of the Loan Documents in the event of a disposition or liquidation (including in connection with a foreclosure) of the rights, assets or property that is the subject of such license agreement; provided that (x) inbound license agreements in the nature of over the counter or “shrink wrap” software that are commercially available to the public shall not be prohibited by this clause (a) and (y) any term or provision of this clause (a) to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event the Parent Guarantor is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15 of the Exchange Act and it reasonably determines that the information to be furnished pursuant to clause (i) above constitutes material non-public information, the delivery of such information to the Administrative Agent or any Lender will be subject to the same conditions and qualifications as apply to material non-public information required to be furnished pursuant to Section 8.02 above.
 
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(b)          Outbound Licenses.  The Obligors shall not, and shall not permit any of their Subsidiaries to, enter into or become or remain bound by any outbound license of Intellectual Property unless such outbound license:  (i) is duly authorized by the Parent Guarantor (pursuant to its customary approval process) and entered into on an arm’s-length basis, on commercially reasonable terms, (ii) does not otherwise constitute an Asset Sale prohibited pursuant to Section 9.09, (iii) subject to the terms of any non-disturbance or similar agreements, to the extent such Intellectual Property constitutes Collateral, does not impair the Administrative Agent or the Lenders from fully exercising their rights under any of the Loan Documents in the event of a disposition or liquidation (including in connection with a foreclosure) of the rights, assets or property that is the subject of such license, (iv) either (A) is not an exclusive license within the geographic boundaries of the United States or (B) is not an outbound license of Material Intellectual Property and (v) is not perpetual.
 
9.14       Sales and Leasebacks.  Except as disclosed on Schedule 9.14, the Obligors shall not, and shall not permit any of their Subsidiaries to, become liable, directly or indirectly, with respect to any lease, whether an operating lease or a Capital Lease Obligation, of any property (whether real, personal, or mixed), whether now owned or hereafter acquired, (i) which such Person has sold or transferred or is to sell or transfer to any other Person and (ii) which any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries intends to use for substantially the same purposes as property which has been or is to be sold or transferred.
 
9.15       Hazardous Material.  The Obligors shall not, and shall not permit any of their Subsidiaries to, use, generate, manufacture, install, treat, release, store or dispose of any Hazardous Material, except in compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws or where the failure to comply could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
 
9.16       Accounting Changes.  The Obligors shall not, and shall not permit any of their Subsidiaries to, make any significant change in accounting treatment or reporting practices, except as required or permitted by GAAP.
 
9.17       Compliance with ERISA.  No ERISA Affiliate shall cause or suffer to exist (i) any event that could result in the imposition of a Lien with respect to any Title IV Plan or Multiemployer Plan or (ii) any other ERISA Event that, in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.  Neither any Obligor nor any of its Subsidiaries shall cause or permit the occurrence of any event that could result in the imposition of a Lien with respect to any Benefit Plan (other than Permitted Liens).
 
9.18       Inconsistent Agreements.  The Obligors shall not, and shall not permit any of their Subsidiaries to, enter into any Contract containing any provision that would (i) cause a Default hereunder or be violated or breached by such Person hereunder or by the performance by such Person of any of its obligations hereunder or under any other Loan Document, (ii) prohibit any such Person from granting to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders a Lien on any of its assets pursuant hereto or any other Loan Document or (iii) create or permit to exist or become effective any Lien or restriction on the ability of any such Person to (x) pay dividends or make other distributions to any Obligor, or pay any Indebtedness owed to any Obligor, (y) make loans or advances to the Borrower or (z) transfer any of its assets or properties to the Parent Guarantor or the Borrower; provided that the foregoing shall not apply to (A) any restrictions or conditions imposed by Law or the Loan Documents, (B) solely with respect to clause (iii) above, customary restrictions and conditions contained in asset sale agreements, purchase agreements, acquisition agreements (including by way of merger, acquisition or consolidation) solely to the extent that (x) are only in effect pending consummation of the acquisition or sale contemplated pursuant to such agreement and (y) such restrictions or conditions (A) require any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries to conduct its business in the ordinary course of business (with respect to such assets or businesses) pending the consummation of such transaction consistent with historic practices or  (B) are only in effect (with respect to such assets or businesses) pending the consummation of such transaction; provided further that such restrictions and conditions apply only to the assets or property subject to such transaction (or, if applicable, the conduct of business of any Obligor or such Subsidiaries with respect to such assets or businesses) and that such sale is permitted or, in the case of the sale of the Parent Guarantor or the Borrower, such agreement contemplates the repayment in full of the Obligations hereunder, (C) solely with respect to clauses (ii) and (iii)(z) above, customary provisions in contracts (including without limitation leases and licenses of Intellectual Property) restricting the assignment thereof or, in the case of any lease or license, the sublease or sublicense or other disposition of the applicable leased or licensed property and (D) solely with respect to clauses (ii) and (iii) above, restrictions or conditions imposed by any agreement governing secured Permitted Indebtedness, to the extent that such restrictions or conditions apply only to the property or assets securing such Indebtedness.
 
9.19       Sanctions; Anti-Corruption Use of Proceeds.  The Obligors shall not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the Loans, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person, (i) in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment or giving of money, or anything else of value, to any Person in violation of any applicable anti-corruption Law, or (ii) (A) to fund any activities or business of or with any Person, or in any country or territory, that, at the time of such funding, is, or whose government is, the subject of Sanctions, or (B) in any other manner that would result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person participating in the Loans, whether as Administrative Agent, Lender, underwriter, advisor, investor, or otherwise).
 
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SECTION 10.
FINANCIAL COVENANTS
 
10.01     Minimum Liquidity. The Obligors shall, (x) at all times prior to the date of FMX101 Approval, maintain a minimum aggregate balance of $15,000,000 and (y) at all times on or after the date of the FMX101 Approval, maintain a minimum aggregate balance of $2,500,000, in each case, in cash in one or more Controlled Accounts maintained with commercial banks or similar deposit-taking institutions in the U.S. that are free and clear of all Liens, other than Liens granted hereunder in favor of the Administrative Agent.
 
10.02     Minimum Net Revenue.  As of the last day of each fiscal quarter set forth below, the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries shall have generated Net Revenue, for the twelve (12) consecutive month period ending on the last day of such fiscal quarter, in an aggregate amount not less than the corresponding amount set forth opposite such fiscal quarter:
 
Fiscal Quarter Ending
Revenue
September 30, 2020
$10,500,000
December 31, 2020
$16,400,000
March 31, 2021
$25,800,000
June 30, 2021
$34,900,000
September 30, 2021
$43,500,000
December 31, 2021
$49,300,000
March 31, 2022
$53,400,000
June 30, 2022
$56,600,000
September 30, 2022
$59,900,000
December 31, 2022
$64,100,000
March 31, 2023
$72,000,000
June 30, 2023
$80,300,000
September 30, 2023
$88,800,000
December 31, 2023
$97,000,000
March 31, 2024
$103,200,000
June 30, 2024
$109,500,000

SECTION 11.
EVENTS OF DEFAULT
 
11.01     Events of Default.  Each of the following events shall constitute an “Event of Default”:
 
(a)          Principal or Interest Payment Default. The Borrower shall fail to pay any principal of or interest on the Loans, when and as the same shall become due and payable, whether at the due date thereof, at a date fixed for prepayment thereof or otherwise.
 
(b)          Other Payment Defaults. Any Obligor shall fail to pay any Obligation (other than an amount referred to in Section 11.01(a)) when and as the same shall become due and payable, and such failure shall continue unremedied for a period of three (3) Business Days.
 
(c)          Representations and Warranties. Any representation or warranty made or deemed made by or on behalf of any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries in or in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document or any amendment or modification hereof or thereof, or in any report, certificate, financial statement or other document furnished pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document or any amendment or modification hereof or thereof, shall:  (i) prove to have been incorrect when made or deemed made to the extent that such representation or warranty contains any materiality or Material Adverse Effect qualifier; or (ii) prove to have been incorrect in any material respect when made or deemed made to the extent that such representation or warranty does not otherwise contain any materiality or Material Adverse Effect qualifier.
 
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(d)          Certain Covenants. The Obligors shall fail to observe or perform any covenant, condition or agreement contained in Sections 8.02, 8.03 (with respect to the Borrower’s existence), 8.09, 8.11, 8.12, 8.14, 8.16, 8.18, Section 9 or Section 10.
 
(e)          Other Covenants. The Obligors shall fail to observe or perform any covenant, condition or agreement contained in this Agreement (other than those specified in Sections 11.01(a), 11.01(b) or 11.01(d)) or any other Loan Document, and, in the case of any failure that is capable of cure, such failure shall continue unremedied for a period of twenty (20) or more days.
 
(f)          Payment Default on Other Indebtedness. Any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries shall fail to make any payment (whether of principal or interest and regardless of amount) in respect of any Material Indebtedness, when and as the same shall become due and payable after giving effect to any applicable grace or cure period as originally provided by the terms of such Indebtedness.
 
(g)          Other Defaults on Other Indebtedness. (i) any material breach of, or “event of default” or similar event under, the Contract governing any Material Indebtedness shall occur, or (ii) any event or condition occurs (x) that results in any Material Indebtedness becoming due prior to its scheduled maturity or (y) that enables or permits (with or without the giving of notice, the lapse of time or both) the holder or holders of such Material Indebtedness or any trustee or agent on its or their behalf to cause such Material Indebtedness to become due, or to require the prepayment, repurchase, redemption or defeasance thereof, prior to its scheduled maturity; provided that this Section 11.01(g) shall not apply to secured Indebtedness that becomes due as a result of the voluntary sale or transfer of the property or assets securing such Material Indebtedness.
 
(h)          Insolvency, Bankruptcy, Etc.
 
(i)           Any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries is not Solvent, or becomes unable to pay its debts or meet its liabilities as the same become due, or admits in writing its inability to pay its debts generally, or declares any general moratorium on its indebtedness, or by reason of actual or anticipated financial difficulties, proposes a compromise or arrangement or deed of company arrangement between it and any class of its creditors.
 
(ii)          Any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries commits an act of bankruptcy or makes an assignment of its property for the general benefit of its creditors or by reason of actual or anticipated financial difficulties makes a proposal for the general benefit of its creditors (or files a notice of its intention to do so).
 
(iii)         Any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries institutes any proceeding seeking to adjudicate it as not Solvent, or seeking liquidation, dissolution, winding-up, reorganization, compromise, arrangement, adjustment, protection, moratorium, relief, stay of proceedings of creditors generally (or any class of creditors), or composition of it or its debts or any other relief, under any applicable Law, whether U.S. or non-U.S., now or hereafter in effect relating to bankruptcy, winding-up, insolvency, reorganization, receivership, plans of arrangement or relief or protection of debtors or at common law or in equity, or files an answer admitting the material allegations of a petition filed against it in any such proceeding.
 
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(iv)         Any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries applies for the appointment of, or the taking of possession by, a receiver, interim receiver, receiver/manager, sequestrator, conservator, custodian, administrator, trustee, liquidator, voluntary administrator, receiver and manager or other similar official for it or any substantial part of its property.
 
(v)          Any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries takes any action, corporate or otherwise, to approve, effect, consent to or authorize any of the actions described in this Section 11.01(h), or otherwise acts in furtherance thereof or fails to act in a timely and appropriate manner in defense thereof.
 
(vi)         Any petition is filed, application made or other proceeding instituted against or in respect of any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries:
 
(A)          seeking to adjudicate it as not Solvent;
 
(B)          seeking a receiving order against it;
 
(C)          seeking liquidation, dissolution, winding-up, reorganization, compromise, arrangement, adjustment, protection, moratorium, relief, stay of proceedings of creditors generally (or any class of creditors), deed of company arrangement or composition of it or its debts or any other relief under any applicable Law, whether U.S. or non-U.S., now or hereafter in effect relating to bankruptcy, winding-up, insolvency, reorganization, receivership, plans of arrangement or relief or protection of debtors or at common law or in equity; or
 
(D)          seeking the entry of an order for relief or the appointment of, or the taking of possession by, a receiver, interim receiver, receiver/manager, sequestrator, conservator, custodian, administrator, trustee, liquidator, voluntary administrator, receiver and manager or other similar official for it or any substantial part of its property;
 
and such petition, application or proceeding continues undismissed, or unstayed and in effect, for a period of sixty (60) days after the institution thereof; provided that if an order, decree or judgment is granted or entered (whether or not entered or subject to appeal) against any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries thereunder in the interim, such grace period shall cease to apply; provided, further, that if such Obligor or any such Subsidiary files an answer admitting the material allegations of a petition filed against it in any such proceeding, such grace period shall cease to apply.
 
(vii)        Any other event occurs which, under the applicable Law of any applicable jurisdiction, has an effect equivalent to any of the events referred to in Section 11.01(h).
 
(i)          Judgments. One or more judgments for the payment of money in an aggregate amount in excess of $1,000,000 (or the Equivalent Amount in other currencies) shall be rendered against the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries or any combination thereof and the same shall remain undismissed, unsatisfied or undischarged for a period of sixty (60) days during which execution shall not be effectively stayed, or any action shall be legally taken by a judgment creditor to attach or levy upon any assets of any Obligor to enforce any such judgment.
 
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(j)          ERISA and Pension Plans. An ERISA Event shall have occurred that, in the reasonable determination of the Administrative Agent, when taken together with all other ERISA Events that have occurred, could reasonably be expected to result in liability of the Parent Guarantor and its Subsidiaries in an aggregate amount exceeding $1,000,000 for all periods until the Obligations have been indefeasibly paid in full in cash.
 
(k)          Change of Control. A Change of Control shall have occurred.
 
(l)           Material Adverse Change. A Material Adverse Change or Material Adverse Effect shall have occurred.
 
(m)         Regulatory Matters, Etc.  A Material Regulatory Event shall have occurred.
 
(n)          Hazardous Materials, Etc. A reasonable basis shall exist for the assertion against the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries, or any predecessor in interest of the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries, as applicable, of (or there shall have been asserted against such Obligor or such Subsidiary, as applicable) any Claims, whether accrued, absolute or contingent, based on or arising from the generation, storage, transport, handling or disposal of Hazardous Material by the Parent Guarantor or any such Subsidiary, as applicable, or predecessors that are reasonably likely to be determined adversely to the Parent Guarantor or any such Subsidiary, as applicable, and the amount thereof could, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (insofar as such amount is payable by the Parent Guarantor or any such Subsidiary, as applicable, but after deducting any portion thereof that is reasonably expected to be paid by insurance or other creditworthy Persons jointly and severally liable therefor);
 
(o)          Impairment of Security, Etc.  If any of the following events occur: (i) any Lien created by any of the Security Documents shall at any time not constitute a valid and perfected Lien on the applicable Collateral in favor of the Secured Parties, free and clear of all other Liens (other than Permitted Liens) to the extent required by the Loan Documents, except due to the action or inaction of the Administrative Agent, (ii) except for expiration in accordance with its terms, any of the Security Documents or any Guarantee of any of the Obligations (including that contained in Section 13) shall for whatever reason cease to be in full force and effect, or (iii) any Obligor shall, directly or indirectly, contest in any manner such effectiveness, validity, binding nature or enforceability of any such Lien or any Loan Document.
 
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11.02     Remedies.  Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default, then, and in every such event (other than an Event of Default described in Section 11.01(h)), and at any time thereafter during the continuance of such event, the Majority Lenders may, by notice to the Borrower, declare the Loans then outstanding to be due and payable in whole (or in part, in which case any principal not so declared to be due and payable may thereafter be declared to be due and payable), and thereupon the principal of the Loans so declared to be due and payable, together with accrued interest thereon and all fees and other Obligations, shall become due and payable immediately (in the case of the Loans, at the Prepayment Price therefor), without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby waived by each Obligor; and in case of an Event of Default described in Section 11.01(h), the principal of the Loans then outstanding, together with accrued interest thereon and all fees and other Obligations, shall automatically become due and payable immediately (in the case of the Loans, at the Prepayment Price therefor), without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby waived by each Obligor.
 
11.03     Additional Remedies.  Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default, if any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries shall be in default under a Material Agreement, the Administrative Agent and Lenders shall have the right (but not the obligation) to cause the default or defaults under such Material Agreement to be remedied (including without limitation by paying any unpaid amount thereunder) and otherwise exercise any and all rights of such Obligor or such Subsidiary, as the case may be, thereunder, as may be necessary to prevent or cure any default.  Without limiting the foregoing, upon any such default, such Obligor shall, or shall cause one or more of its Subsidiaries to, as the case may be, promptly execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Administrative Agent such instruments as may reasonably be required to permit the Administrative Agent or the Lenders to cure any default under the applicable Material Agreement or permit the Administrative Agent or the Lenders to take such other action required to enable the Administrative Agent or the Lenders to cure or remedy the matter in default and preserve the interests of the Administrative Agent or the Lenders.  Any amounts paid by the Administrative Agent or the Lenders pursuant to this Section 11.03 shall be payable on demand by any Obligor, shall accrue interest at the Default Rate if not paid on demand, and shall constitute “Obligations.”
 
SECTION 12.
THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
 
12.01     Appointment and Duties.  Subject in all cases to clause (c) below:
 
(a)          Appointment of the Administrative Agent.  Each of the Lenders hereby irrevocably appoints Perceptive Credit Holdings II, LP (together with any successor the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 12.09) as the Administrative Agent hereunder and authorizes the Administrative Agent to (i) execute and deliver the Loan Documents and accept delivery thereof on its behalf from the Borrower and any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) take such action on its behalf and to exercise all rights, powers and remedies and perform the duties as are expressly delegated to the Administrative Agent under such Loan Documents and (iii) exercise such powers as are reasonably incidental thereto.
 
(b)          Duties as Collateral and Disbursing Agent.  Without limiting the generality of Section 12.01(a), the Administrative Agent shall have the sole and exclusive right and authority (to the exclusion of the Lenders), and is hereby authorized, to (i) act as the disbursing and collecting agent for the Lenders with respect to all payments and collections arising in connection with the Loan Documents (including in any proceeding described in Section 11.01(h) or any other bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding), and each Person making any payment in connection with any Loan Document to any Secured Party is hereby authorized to make such payment to the Administrative Agent, (ii) file and prove claims and file other documents necessary or desirable to allow the claims of the Secured Parties with respect to any Obligation in any proceeding described in Section 11.01(h) or any other bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding (but not to vote, consent or otherwise act on behalf of such Secured Party), (iii) act as collateral agent for each Secured Party for purposes of the perfection of all Liens created by such agreements and all other purposes stated therein, (iv) manage, supervise and otherwise deal with the Collateral, (v) take such other action as is necessary or desirable to maintain the perfection and priority of the Liens created or purported to be created by the Loan Documents, (vi) except as may be otherwise specified in any Loan Document, exercise all remedies given to the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties with respect to the Collateral, whether under the Loan Documents, applicable Laws or otherwise and (vii) execute any amendment, consent or waiver under the Loan Documents on behalf of any Lender that has consented in writing to such amendment, consent or waiver; provided that the Administrative Agent hereby appoints, authorizes and directs each Lender to act as collateral sub-agent for the Administrative Agent and the Lenders for purposes of the perfection of all Liens with respect to the Collateral, including any deposit account maintained by an Obligor with, and cash and Permitted Cash Equivalent Investments held by, such Lender, and may further authorize and direct the Lenders to take further actions as collateral sub-agents for purposes of enforcing such Liens or otherwise to transfer the Collateral subject thereto to the Administrative Agent, and each Lender hereby agrees to take such further actions to the extent, and only to the extent, so authorized and directed.
 
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(c)          Limited Duties.  The Lenders and the Obligors hereby each acknowledge and agree that the Administrative Agent (i) has undertaken its role hereunder purely as an accommodation to the parties hereto and the Transactions, (ii) is receiving no compensation for undertaking such role and (iii) subject only to the notice provisions set forth in Section 12.09, may resign from such role at any time for any reason or no reason whatsoever. Without limiting the foregoing, the parties hereto further acknowledge and agree that under the Loan Documents, the Administrative Agent  (i) is acting solely on behalf of the Lenders (except to the limited extent provided in Section 12.11), with duties that are entirely administrative in nature and do not (and are not intended to) create any fiduciary obligations, notwithstanding the use of the defined term “the Administrative Agent”, the terms “agent”, “administrative agent” and “collateral agent” and similar terms in any Loan Document to refer to the Administrative Agent, which terms are used for title purposes only, (ii) is not assuming any obligation under any Loan Document other than as expressly set forth therein or any role as agent, fiduciary or trustee of or for any Lender or any other Secured Party and (iii) shall have no implied functions, responsibilities, duties, obligations or other liabilities under any Loan Document (fiduciary or otherwise), and each Lender hereby waives and agrees not to assert any claim against the Administrative Agent based on the roles, duties and legal relationships expressly disclaimed in this clause (c).
 
12.02     Binding Effect.  Each Lender agrees that (i) any action taken by the Administrative Agent or the Majority Lenders (or, if expressly required hereby, a greater proportion of the Lenders) in accordance with the provisions of the Loan Documents, (ii) any action taken by the Administrative Agent in reliance upon the instructions of the Majority Lenders (or, where so required, such greater proportion) and (iii) the exercise by the Administrative Agent or the Majority Lenders (or, where so required, such greater proportion) of the powers set forth herein or therein, together with such other powers as are reasonably incidental thereto, shall be authorized and binding upon all of the Secured Parties.
 
12.03     Use of Discretion.
 
(a)          No Action without Instructions.  The Administrative Agent shall not be required to exercise any discretion or take, or to omit to take, any action, including with respect to enforcement or collection, except (subject to clause (b) below) any action it is required to take or omit to take (i) under any Loan Document or (ii) pursuant to instructions from the Majority Lenders (or, where expressly required by the terms of this Agreement, a greater proportion of the Lenders).
 
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(b)          Right Not to Follow Certain Instructions.  Notwithstanding Section 12.03(a) or any other term or provision of this Section 12, the Administrative Agent shall not be required to take, or to omit to take, any action (i) unless, upon demand, the Administrative Agent receives an indemnification satisfactory to it from the Lenders (or, to the extent applicable and acceptable to the Administrative Agent, any other Secured Party) against all Claims and Losses that, by reason of such action or omission, may be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against the Administrative Agent or any Related Parties thereof or (ii) that is, in the opinion of the Administrative Agent, in its sole and absolute discretion, contrary to any Loan Document, any Law or the best interests of the Administrative Agent or any of its Affiliates or Related Parties.
 
12.04     Delegation of Rights and Duties.  The Administrative Agent may, upon any term or condition it specifies, delegate or exercise any of its rights, powers and remedies under, and delegate or perform any of its duties or any other action with respect to, any Loan Document by or through any trustee, co-agent, employee, attorney-in-fact and any other Person (including any Secured Party).  Any such Person shall benefit from this Section 12 to the extent provided by the Administrative Agent.
 
12.05     Reliance and Liability.
 
(a)          The Administrative Agent may, without incurring any liability hereunder, (i) consult with any of its Related Parties and, whether or not selected by it, any other advisors, accountants and other experts (including advisors to, and accountants and experts engaged by, the any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries) and (ii) rely and act upon any document and information and any telephone message or conversation, in each case believed by it to be genuine and transmitted, signed or otherwise authenticated by the appropriate parties.
 
(b)          Neither the Administrative Agent nor any of its Related Parties shall be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by any of them under or in connection with any Loan Document, and each Lender and each Obligor hereby waives and shall not assert (and each Obligor shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to waive and agree not to assert) any right, claim or cause of action based thereon, except to the extent of liabilities resulting primarily from the fraudulent conduct or behavior of the Administrative Agent or, as the case may be, such Related Person (each as determined in a final, non-appealable judgment or order by a court of competent jurisdiction) in connection with the duties expressly set forth herein.  Without limiting the foregoing, the Administrative Agent:
 
(i)           shall not be responsible or otherwise incur liability for any action or omission taken in reliance upon the instructions of the Majority Lenders or for the actions or omissions of any of its Related Parties selected with reasonable care (other than employees, officers and directors of the Administrative Agent, when acting on behalf of the Administrative Agent);
 
(ii)          shall not be responsible to any Secured Party for the due execution, legality, validity, enforceability, effectiveness, genuineness, sufficiency or value of, or the attachment, perfection or priority of any Lien created or purported to be created under or in connection with, any Loan Document;
 
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(iii)         makes no warranty or representation, and shall not be responsible, to any Secured Party for any statement, document, information, representation or warranty made or furnished by or on behalf of any Related Person, in or in connection with any Loan Document or any transaction contemplated therein, whether or not transmitted by the Administrative Agent, including as to completeness, accuracy, scope or adequacy thereof, or for the scope, nature or results of any due diligence performed by the Administrative Agent in connection with the Loan Documents; and
 
(iv)         shall not have any duty to ascertain or to inquire as to the performance or observance of any provision of any Loan Document, whether any condition set forth in any Loan Document is satisfied or waived, as to the financial condition of the Parent Guarantor or any of its Subsidiaries or as to the existence or continuation or possible occurrence or continuation of any Default or Event of Default and shall not be deemed to have notice or knowledge of such occurrence or continuation unless it has received a notice from the Borrower, any Lender describing such Default or Event of Default clearly labeled “notice of default” (in which case the Administrative Agent shall promptly give notice of such receipt to all Lenders);
 
and, for each of the items set forth in clauses (i) through (iv) above, each Lender and each Obligor hereby waives and agrees not to assert (and each Obligor shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to waive and agree not to assert) any right, claim or cause of action it might have against the Administrative Agent based thereon.
 
12.06     Administrative Agent Individually.  The Administrative Agent and its Affiliates may make loans and other extensions of credit to, acquire stock and stock equivalents of, engage in any kind of business with, any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates as though it were not acting as the Administrative Agent and may receive separate fees and other payments therefor.  To the extent the Administrative Agent or any of its Affiliates makes any Loan or otherwise becomes a Lender hereunder, it shall have and may exercise the same rights and powers hereunder and shall be subject to the same obligations and liabilities as any other Lender and the terms “Lender”, “Majority Lender”, and any similar terms shall, except where otherwise expressly provided in any Loan Document, include, without limitation, the Administrative Agent or such Affiliate, as the case may be, in its individual capacity as Lender or as one of the Majority Lenders, respectively.
 
12.07     Lender Credit Decision.  Each Lender acknowledges that it has, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any of their Related Parties, and based upon such documents and information as such Lender has deemed appropriate, conducted its own independent investigation of the financial condition and affairs of each Obligor and each of its Affiliates and has made and continues to make its own credit decisions in connection with entering into, and taking or not taking any action under, any Loan Document or with respect to any transaction contemplated in any Loan Document, in each case based on such documents and information as it shall deem appropriate.
 
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12.08     Expenses; Indemnities.
 
(a)          Each Lender agrees to reimburse the Administrative Agent and each of its Related Parties (to the extent not reimbursed by any Obligor or one or more of its Subsidiaries) promptly upon demand for such Lender’s Proportionate Share of any costs and expenses (including fees, charges and disbursements of financial, legal and other advisors and Other Taxes paid in the name of, or on behalf of, any Obligor or one or more of its Subsidiaries) that may be incurred by the Administrative Agent or any of its Related Parties in connection with the preparation, syndication, execution, delivery, administration, modification, consent, waiver or enforcement (whether through negotiations, through any work-out, bankruptcy, restructuring or other legal or other proceeding or otherwise) of, or legal advice in respect of its rights or responsibilities under, any Loan Document.
 
(b)          Each Lender further agrees to indemnify the Administrative Agent and each of its Related Parties (to the extent not reimbursed by any Obligor or one or more of its Subsidiaries), from and against such Lender’s aggregate Proportionate Share of the Liabilities (including taxes, interests and penalties imposed for not properly withholding or backup withholding on payments made to on or for the account of any Lender) that may be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against the Administrative Agent or any of its Related Parties in any matter relating to or arising out of, in connection with or as a result of any Loan Document or any other act, event or transaction related, contemplated in or attendant to any such document, or, in each case, any action taken or omitted to be taken by the Administrative Agent or any of its Related Parties under or with respect to any of the foregoing; provided that no Lender shall be liable to the Administrative Agent or any of its Related Parties to the extent such liability has resulted primarily from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Administrative Agent or, as the case may be, such Related Person, as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final non-appealable judgment or order.
 
12.09     Resignation of the Administrative Agent.
 
(a)          At any time upon not less than five (5) Business Days prior written notice, the Administrative Agent may resign as the “the Administrative Agent” hereunder, in whole or in part (in the sole and absolute discretion of the Administrative Agent), effective on the date set forth in such notice, which effective date shall not be less than five (5) (or more than thirty (30)) days following delivery of such notice.  If the Administrative Agent delivers any such notice, the Majority Lenders shall have the right to appoint a successor the Administrative Agent; provided that if a successor the Administrative Agent has not been appointed on or before the effectiveness of the resignation of the resigning Administrative Agent, then the resigning Administrative Agent may, on behalf of the Lenders, appoint any Person reasonably chosen by it as the successor the Administrative Agent.
 
(b)          Effective immediately upon its resignation, (i) the resigning Administrative Agent shall be discharged from its duties and obligations under the Loan Documents to the extent set forth in the applicable resignation notice, (ii) the Lenders shall assume and perform all of the duties of the Administrative Agent until a successor the Administrative Agent shall have accepted a valid appointment hereunder, (iii) the resigning Administrative Agent and its Related Parties shall no longer have the benefit of any provision of any Loan Document other than with respect to (x) any actions taken or omitted to be taken while such resigning Administrative Agent was, or because the Administrative Agent had been, validly acting as the Administrative Agent under the Loan Documents or (y) any continuing duties such resigning Administrative Agent continues to perform, and (iv) subject to its rights under Section 12.04, the resigning Administrative Agent shall take such action as may be reasonably necessary to assign to the successor the Administrative Agent its rights as the Administrative Agent under the Loan Documents.  Effective immediately upon its acceptance of a valid appointment as the Administrative Agent, a successor the Administrative Agent shall succeed to, and become vested with, all the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the resigning Administrative Agent under the Loan Documents.
 
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12.10     Release of Collateral or Guarantors.  Each Lender hereby consents to the release and hereby directs the Administrative Agent to release (or, in the case of Section 12.10(b)(ii), release or subordinate) the following:
 
(a)          any Subsidiary of the Borrower from its guaranty of any Obligation if all of the Equity Interests in such Subsidiary owned directly or indirectly by the Borrower are disposed of in an Asset Sale permitted under the Loan Documents (including pursuant to a waiver or consent), to the extent that, after giving effect to such Asset Sale, such Subsidiary would not be required to guaranty any Obligations pursuant to Section 8.12; and
 
(b)          any Lien held by the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties against (i) any Collateral that is disposed of by any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries in an Asset Sale permitted by the Loan Documents (including pursuant to a valid waiver or consent), (ii) any property subject to a Lien described in Section 9.02(c) and (iii) all of the Collateral held directly or indirectly by any Obligor, upon (w) termination of the Commitments, (x) payment and satisfaction in full of all Loans and all other Obligations that the Administrative Agent has been notified in writing are then due and payable, (y) deposit of cash collateral with respect to all contingent Obligations, in amounts and on terms and conditions and with parties satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and each Indemnified Party that is owed such Obligations and (z) to the extent requested by the Administrative Agent, receipt by the Secured Parties of liability releases from the Obligors each in form and substance acceptable to the Administrative Agent.
 
Each Lender hereby directs the Administrative Agent, and the Administrative Agent hereby agrees, upon receipt of reasonable advance notice from the Borrower, to execute and deliver or file such documents and to perform other actions reasonably necessary to release the guarantees and Liens when and as directed in this Section 12.10.
 
12.11     Additional Secured Parties.  The benefit of the provisions of the Loan Documents directly relating to the Collateral or any Lien granted thereunder shall extend to and be available to any Secured Party that is not a Lender so long as, by accepting such benefits, such Secured Party agrees, as among the Administrative Agent and all other Secured Parties, that such Secured Party is bound by (and, if requested by the Administrative Agent, shall confirm such agreement in a writing in form and substance acceptable to the Administrative Agent) this Section 12 and the decisions and actions of the Administrative Agent and the Majority Lenders (or, where expressly required by the terms of this Agreement, a greater proportion of the Lenders) to the same extent a Lender is bound; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) such Secured Party shall be bound by Section 12.08 only to the extent of Liabilities, costs and expenses with respect to or otherwise relating to the Collateral held for the benefit of such Secured Party, in which case the obligations of such Secured Party thereunder shall not be limited by any concept of Proportionate Share or similar concept, (ii) each of the Administrative Agent and each Lender shall be entitled to act at its sole discretion, without regard to the interest of such Secured Party, regardless of whether any Obligation to such Secured Party thereafter remains outstanding, is deprived of the benefit of the Collateral, becomes unsecured or is otherwise affected or put in jeopardy thereby, and without any duty or liability to such Secured Party or any such Obligation and (iii) such Secured Party shall not have any right to be notified of, consent to, direct, require or be heard with respect to, any action taken or omitted in respect of the Collateral or under any Loan Document.

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SECTION 13.
GUARANTEE
 
13.01     The Guarantee.  The Guarantors hereby jointly and severally guarantee to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, and their successors and assigns, the prompt payment in full when due (whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise) of the principal of and interest on the Loans, all fees and other amounts and Obligations from time to time owing to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders by the Borrower and each other Obligor under this Agreement or under any other Loan Document, in each case strictly in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof (such obligations being herein collectively called the “Guaranteed Obligations”).  The Guarantors hereby further jointly and severally agree that if the Borrower or any other Obligor shall fail to pay in full when due (whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise) any of the Guaranteed Obligations, the Guarantors shall promptly pay the same, without any demand or notice whatsoever, and that in the case of any extension of time of payment or renewal of any of the Guaranteed Obligations, the same shall be promptly paid in full when due (whether at extended maturity, by acceleration or otherwise) in accordance with the terms of such extension or renewal.
 
13.02     Obligations Unconditional.  The obligations of the Guarantors under Section 13.01 are absolute and unconditional, joint and several, irrespective of the value, genuineness, validity, regularity or enforceability of the obligations of the Borrower or any other Guarantor under this Agreement or any other agreement or instrument referred to herein, or any substitution, release or exchange of any other guarantee of or security for any of the Guaranteed Obligations, and, to the fullest extent permitted by all applicable Laws, irrespective of any other circumstance whatsoever that might otherwise constitute a legal or equitable discharge or defense of a surety or guarantor, it being the intent of this Section 13.02 that the obligations of the Guarantors hereunder shall be absolute and unconditional, joint and several, under any and all circumstances.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, it is expressly agreed that the Israeli Guarantee Law, 1967 (the “Israeli Guarantee Law”) shall not apply to this Agreement or to any Loan Document and that should the Israeli Guarantee Law for any reason be deemed to apply to this Agreement or to any Loan Document, each Israeli Guarantor (including the Parent Guarantor) hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives all rights and defenses under the Israeli Guarantees Law that may have been available to it under the Israeli Guarantee Law; provided that, without limiting in whole or in part any of the waivers of rights or defenses set forth in this Section 13.02, the foregoing shall not in any way affect or constitute a waiver of any rights or defenses afforded to any Israeli Guarantor (including the Parent Guarantor) under the terms of this Agreement or under the laws of the State of New York to the extent any such rights or defenses remain available after giving effect to the other provisions of this Section 13.02. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, it is agreed that the occurrence of any one or more of the following shall not alter or impair the liability of the Guarantors hereunder, which shall remain absolute and unconditional as described above:
 
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(a)          at any time or from time to time, without notice to the Guarantors, the time for any performance of or compliance with any of the Guaranteed Obligations shall be extended, or such performance or compliance shall be waived;
 
(b)          any of the acts mentioned in any of the provisions of this Agreement or any other agreement or instrument referred to herein shall be done or omitted;
 
(c)          the maturity of any of the Guaranteed Obligations shall be accelerated, or any of the Guaranteed Obligations shall be modified, supplemented or amended in any respect, or any right under this Agreement or any other agreement or instrument referred to herein shall be waived or any other guarantee of any of the Guaranteed Obligations or any security therefor shall be released or exchanged in whole or in part or otherwise dealt with; or
 
(d)          any lien or security interest granted to, or in favor of, the Secured Parties as security for any of the Guaranteed Obligations shall fail to be perfected.
 
The Guarantors hereby expressly waive diligence, presentment, demand of payment, protest and all notices whatsoever, and any requirement that the Administrative Agent or any Lender exhaust any right, power or remedy or proceed against the Borrower or any other Guarantor under this Agreement or any other agreement or instrument referred to herein, or against any other Person under any other guarantee of, or security for, any of the Guaranteed Obligations.
 
13.03     Reinstatement.  The obligations of the Guarantors under this Section 13 shall be automatically reinstated if and to the extent that for any reason any payment by or on behalf of the Borrower in respect of the Guaranteed Obligations is rescinded or must be otherwise restored by any holder of any of the Guaranteed Obligations, whether as a result of any proceedings in bankruptcy or reorganization or otherwise, and the Guarantors jointly and severally agree that they shall indemnify the Secured Parties on demand for all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees of counsel) incurred by such Persons in connection with such rescission or restoration, including any such costs and expenses incurred in defending against any claim alleging that such payment constituted a preference, fraudulent transfer or similar payment under any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law.
 
13.04     Subrogation.  The Guarantors hereby jointly and severally agree that, until the payment and satisfaction in full of all Guaranteed Obligations and the expiration and termination of the Commitments, they shall not exercise any right or remedy arising by reason of any performance by them of their guarantee in Section 13.01, whether by subrogation or otherwise, against the Borrower or any other guarantor of any of the Guaranteed Obligations or any security for any of the Guaranteed Obligations.
 
13.05     Remedies.  The Guarantors jointly and severally agree that, as between the Guarantors, on one hand, and the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, on the other hand, the obligations of the Borrower under this Agreement and under the other Loan Documents may be declared to be forthwith due and payable as provided in Section 11 (and shall be deemed to have become automatically due and payable in the circumstances provided in Section 11) for purposes of Section 13.01 notwithstanding any stay, injunction or other prohibition preventing such declaration (or such obligations from becoming automatically due and payable) as against the Borrower and that, in the event of such declaration (or such obligations being deemed to have become automatically due and payable), such obligations (whether or not due and payable by the Borrower) shall forthwith become due and payable by the Guarantors for purposes of Section 13.01.
 
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13.06     Instrument for the Payment of Money.  Each Guarantor hereby acknowledges that the guarantee in this Section 13 constitutes an instrument for the payment of money, and consents and agrees that the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, at their sole option, in the event of a dispute by such Guarantor in the payment of any moneys due hereunder, shall have the right to proceed by motion for summary judgment in lieu of complaint pursuant to N.Y. Civ. Prac. L&R § 3213.
 
13.07     Continuing Guarantee.  The guarantee in this Section 13 is a continuing guarantee, and shall apply to all Guaranteed Obligations whenever arising.
 
13.08     General Limitation on Guarantee Obligations.  In any action or proceeding involving any provincial, territorial or state corporate law, or any U.S. or non-U.S. state or federal bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other law affecting the rights of creditors generally, if the obligations of any Guarantor under Section 13.01 would otherwise be held or determined to be void, invalid or unenforceable, or subordinated to the claims of any other creditors, on account of the amount of its liability under Section 13.01, then, notwithstanding any other provision hereof to the contrary, the amount of such liability shall, without any further action by such Guarantor, the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any other Person, be automatically limited and reduced to the highest amount that is valid and enforceable and not subordinated to the claims of other creditors as determined in such action or proceeding.
 
SECTION 14.
MISCELLANEOUS
 
14.01     No Waiver.  No failure on the part of the Administrative Agent or the Lenders to exercise and no delay in exercising, and no course of dealing with respect to, any right, power or privilege under any Loan Document shall operate as a waiver thereof, and no single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege under any Loan Document preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege.  The remedies provided herein are cumulative and not exclusive of any remedies provided by law.
 
14.02     Notices.  All notices, requests, instructions, directions and other communications provided for herein (including any modifications of, or waivers, requests or consents under, this Agreement) or in the other Loan Documents shall be given or made in writing (including by telecopy or email) delivered, if to the Borrower, another Obligor, the Administrative Agent or any Lender, to its address specified on the signature pages hereto or its Guarantee Assumption Agreement, as the case may be, or at such other address as shall be designated by such party in a written notice to the other parties.  Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement or therein, all such communications shall be deemed to have been duly given upon receipt of a legible copy thereof, in each case given or addressed as aforesaid.  All such communications provided for herein by telecopy shall be confirmed in writing promptly after the delivery of such communication (it being understood that non-receipt of written confirmation of such communication shall not invalidate such communication).
 
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14.03     Expenses, Indemnification, Etc.
 
(a)          Expenses.  Each Obligor, jointly and severally, agrees to pay or reimburse (i) the Administrative Agent and the Lenders for all of their reasonable and documented out of pocket costs and expenses (including the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees and expenses of Morrison & Foerster LLP and Gornitzky & Co., counsel to the Administrative Agent, and printing, reproduction, document delivery, communication and travel costs) in connection with (x) the negotiation, preparation, execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents and the making of the Loans (exclusive of post-closing costs), and the Administrative Agent and the Lenders agree to apply the Expense Deposit to such costs and expenses, (y) post-closing costs and (z) the negotiation or preparation of any modification, supplement or waiver of any of the terms of this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents (whether or not consummated) and (ii) the Administrative Agent and the Lenders for all of their out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including the out-of-pocket fees and expenses of legal counsel) in connection with any enforcement or collection proceedings resulting from the occurrence of an Event of Default.
 
(b)          Indemnification.  Each Obligor, jointly and severally, hereby indemnifies the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and their respective Affiliates, directors, officers, employees, attorneys, agents, advisors and controlling parties (each, an “Indemnified Party”) from and against, and agrees to hold them harmless against, any and all Claims and Losses of any kind (including reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees and disbursements of counsel), joint or several, that may be incurred by or asserted or awarded against any Indemnified Party, in each case arising out of or in connection with or relating to any investigation, litigation or proceeding or the preparation of any defense with respect thereto arising out of or in connection with or relating to this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents or the Transactions or any use made or proposed to be made with the proceeds of the Loans, whether or not such investigation, litigation or proceeding is brought by any Obligor, any of its Subsidiaries, any of its shareholders or creditors, an Indemnified Party or any other Person, or an Indemnified Party is otherwise a party thereto, and whether or not any of the conditions precedent set forth in Section 6 are satisfied or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement are consummated, except to the extent such Claim or Loss is found in a final, non‑appealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted from such Indemnified Party’s gross negligence or willful misconduct.  No Obligor shall assert any claim against any Indemnified Party, on any theory of liability, for consequential, indirect, special or punitive damages arising out of or otherwise relating to this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents or any of the Transactions or the actual or proposed use of the proceeds of the Loans.  The Parent Guarantor, its Subsidiaries and Affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees, attorneys, agents, advisors and controlling parties are each sometimes referred to in this Agreement as a “Borrower Party”.  No Lender shall assert any claim against any Borrower Party, on any theory of liability, for consequential, indirect, special or punitive damages arising out of or otherwise relating to this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents or any of the Transactions or the actual or proposed use of the proceeds of the Loans. This Section 14.03 shall not apply with respect to Taxes other than any Taxes that represent losses, claims or damages arising from any non-Tax claim.
 
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14.04     Amendments, Etc.  Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement or such Loan Document, any provision of this Agreement or any other Loan Document may be modified or supplemented only by an instrument in writing signed by the Parent Guarantor, the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Majority Lenders; provided that:
 
(a)          any such modification or supplement that is disproportionately adverse to any Lender as compared to other Lenders or subjects any Lender to any additional obligation shall not be effective without the consent of such affected Lender;
 
(b)          the consent of all of the Lenders shall be required to:
 
(i)          amend, modify, discharge, terminate or waive any of the terms of this Agreement or any other Loan Agreement if such amendment, modification, discharge, termination or waiver would increase the amount of the Loans or any Commitment, reduce the fees payable hereunder, reduce interest rates or other amounts payable with respect to the Loans, extend any date fixed for payment of principal, interest or other amounts payable relating to the Loans or extend the repayment dates of the Loans;
 
(ii)         amend, modify, discharge, terminate or waive any Security Document if the effect is to release a material part of the Collateral subject thereto other than pursuant to the terms hereof or thereof; or
 
(iii)        amend this Section 14.04 or the definition of “Majority Lenders”; and
 
(c)          if the Administrative Agent and the Borrower shall have jointly identified an obvious error or any error or omission of a technical nature, in each case, in any provision of the Loan Documents, then the Administrative Agent and the Borrower shall be permitted to amend such provision, and, in each case, such amendment shall become effective without any further action or consent of any other party to any Loan Document if the same is not objected to in writing by the Majority Lenders to the Administrative Agent within ten (10) Business Days following receipt of notice thereof.
 
14.05     Successors and Assigns.
 
(a)          General.  The provisions of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto or thereto and their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby or thereby, except that no Obligor may assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent. Any Lender may assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder or under any of the other Loan Documents (i) to an assignee in accordance with the provisions of Section 14.05(b), (ii) by way of participation in accordance with the provisions of Section 14.05(e), or (iii) by way of pledge or assignment of a security interest subject to the restrictions of Section 14.05(h).  Nothing in this Agreement, expressed or implied, shall be construed to confer upon any Person (other than the parties hereto, their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, Participants to the extent provided in Section 14.05(e) and, to the extent expressly contemplated hereby, the Related Parties of each of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement.
 
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(b)          Assignments by Lender.  Any Lender may at any time assign to one or more Eligible Transferees (or, if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, to any Person) all or a portion of its rights and obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of the Loans at the time owing to it) and the other Loan Documents; provided that (i) no such assignment shall be made to the Parent Guarantor, any of its Subsidiaries, any of its Affiliates or any of their respective employees or directors at any time, and (ii) no such assignment shall be made without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent.  Subject to the recording thereof by the Lender pursuant to Section 14.05(d), from and after the effective date specified in each Assignment and Assumption, the assignee thereunder shall be a party to this Agreement and, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, have the rights and obligations of the Lender under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, and correspondingly the assigning Lender shall, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, be released from its obligations under this Agreement (and, in the case of an Assignment and Assumption covering all of the Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement, such Lender shall cease to be a party hereto) and the other Loan Documents but shall continue to be entitled to the benefits of Section 5 and Section 14.03.  Any assignment or transfer by the Lender of rights or obligations under this Agreement that does not comply with this Section 14.05(b) shall be treated for purposes of this Agreement as a sale by such Lender of a participation in such rights and obligations in accordance with Section 14.05(e).
 
(c)          Amendments to Loan Documents.  Each of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and each of the Obligors agrees to enter into such amendments to the Loan Documents, and such additional Security Documents and other instruments and agreements, in each case in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Obligors, as shall reasonably be necessary to implement and give effect to any assignment made under this Section 14.05.
 
(d)          Register.  The Administrative Agent, acting solely for this purpose as a non-fiduciary agent of the Borrower, shall maintain at one of its offices in the United States a copy of each Assignment and Assumption delivered to it and a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Lenders, and the Commitments of, and principal amounts (and stated interest) of the Loans owing to, each Lender pursuant to the terms hereof from time to time (the “Register”).  The entries in the Register shall be conclusive absent manifest error, and the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register pursuant to the terms hereof as a Lender hereunder for all purposes of this Agreement.  The Register shall be available for inspection by the Borrower and any Lender, at any reasonable time and from time to time upon reasonable prior notice.
 
(e)          Participations.  Any Lender may at any time, without the consent of, or notice to, the Borrower, sell participations to any Person which would constitute an Eligible Transferee (other than a natural person or the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates) (each, a “Participant”) in all or a portion of the Lender’s rights and/or obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of the Commitment and/or the Loans owing to it); provided that (i) such Lender’s obligations under this Agreement shall remain unchanged, (ii) such Lender shall remain solely responsible to the other parties hereto for the performance of such obligations and (iii) the Borrower shall continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection therewith. Any agreement or instrument pursuant to which any Lender sells such a participation shall provide that such Lender shall retain the sole right to enforce the Loan Documents and to approve any amendment, modification or waiver of any provision of the Loan Documents; provided that such agreement or instrument may provide that such Lender shall not, without the consent of the Participant, agree to any amendment, modification or waiver that would (i) increase or extend the term of such Lender’s Commitment, (ii) extend the date fixed for the payment of principal of or interest on the Loans or any portion of any fee hereunder payable to the Participant, (iii) reduce the amount of any such payment of principal, or (iv) reduce the rate at which interest is payable thereon to a level below the rate at which the Participant is entitled to receive such interest.  Subject to Section 14.05(f), the Borrower agrees that each Participant shall be entitled to the benefits of Section 5 (subject to the requirements and limitations therein, including the requirements under Section 5.03(f) (it being understood that the documentation required under Section 5.03(f) shall be delivered to the participating Lender)) to the same extent as if it were a Lender and had acquired its interest by assignment pursuant to Section 14.05(b); provided that such Participant agrees to be subject to the provisions of Section 5.03(h) as if it were an assignee under Section 14.05(b) above. To the extent permitted by applicable Law, each Participant also shall be entitled to the benefits of Section 4.03(a) as though it were a Lender.
 
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(f)          Limitations on Rights of Participants.  A Participant shall not be entitled to receive any greater payment under Sections 5.01 or 5.03 than such Lender would have been entitled to receive with respect to the participation sold to such Participant.
 
(g)          Participant Register.  Each Lender that sells a participation shall, acting solely for this purpose as a non-fiduciary agent of the Borrower, maintain a register on which it enters the name and address of each Participant and the principal amounts (and stated interest) of each Participant’s interest in the Loans or other Obligations under the Loan Documents (the “Participant Register”); provided that no Lender shall have any obligation to disclose all or any portion of the Participant Register (including the identity of any Participant or any information relating to a Participant’s interest in any Commitments, Loans, or its other Obligations under any Loan Document) to any Person except to the extent that such disclosure is necessary to establish that such Commitment, Loan, or other Obligation is in registered form under Section 5f.103-1(c) of the United States Treasury Regulations.  The entries in the Participant Register shall be conclusive absent manifest error, and such Lender shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Participant Register as the owner of such participation for all purposes of this Agreement notwithstanding any notice to the contrary.  For the avoidance of doubt, the Administrative Agent (in its capacity as Administrative Agent) shall have no responsibility for maintaining a Participant Register.
 
(h)          Certain Pledges.  Any Lender may at any time pledge or assign a security interest in all or any portion of its rights under the Loan Documents to secure obligations of such Lender, including any pledge or assignment to secure obligations to a Federal Reserve Bank; provided that no such pledge or assignment shall release such Lender from any of its obligations hereunder or substitute any such pledgee or assignee for such Lender as a party hereto.
 
14.06     Survival.  The obligations of the Obligors under Sections 5.01, 5.02, 5.03, 14.03, 14.05, 14.06, 14.09, 14.10, 14.11, 14.12, 14.13, 14.14 and the obligations of the Guarantors under Section 13 (solely to the extent guaranteeing any of the obligations under the foregoing Sections) shall survive the repayment of the Obligations and the termination of the Commitment and, in the case of the Lenders’ assignment of any interest in the Commitment or the Loans hereunder, shall survive, in the case of any event or circumstance that occurred prior to the effective date of such assignment, the making of such assignment, notwithstanding that the Lenders may cease to be “Lenders” hereunder. In addition, each representation and warranty made, or deemed to be made by a Borrowing Notice, herein or pursuant hereto shall survive the making of such representation and warranty.
 
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14.07     Captions.  The table of contents and captions and section headings appearing herein are included solely for convenience of reference and are not intended to affect the interpretation of any provision of this Agreement.
 
14.08     Counterparts.  This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same instrument and any of the parties hereto may execute this Agreement by signing any such counterpart. Delivery of an executed signature page of this Agreement by facsimile transmission or electronic transmission (in PDF format) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof.
 
14.09     Governing Law.  This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of the State of New York, without regard to principles of conflicts of laws that would result in the application of the laws of any other jurisdiction; provided that Section 5-1401 of the New York General Obligations Law shall apply.
 
14.10     Jurisdiction, Service of Process and Venue.
 
(a)          Submission to Jurisdiction.  Each Obligor agrees that any suit, action or proceeding with respect to this Agreement or any other Loan Document to which it is a party or any judgment entered by any court in respect thereof may be brought initially in the federal or state courts in New York, New York or in the courts of its own corporate domicile and irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of each such court for the purpose of any such suit, action, proceeding or judgment.  This Section 14.10(a) is for the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders only and, as a result, no Lender shall be prevented from taking proceedings in any other courts with jurisdiction.  To the extent allowed by any applicable Law, the Lenders may take concurrent proceedings in any number of jurisdictions.
 
(b)          Alternative Process.  Nothing herein shall in any way be deemed to limit the ability of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders to serve any process or summons in any manner permitted by any applicable Law.
 
(c)          Waiver of Venue, Etc.  Each Obligor irrevocably waives to the fullest extent permitted by law any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of the venue of any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any other Loan Document and hereby further irrevocably waives to the fullest extent permitted by law any claim that any such suit, action or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.  A final judgment (in respect of which time for all appeals has elapsed) in any such suit, action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in any court to the jurisdiction of which such Obligor is or may be subject, by suit upon judgment.
 
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14.11     Waiver of Jury Trial.  EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY.
 
14.12     Waiver of Immunity.  To the extent that any Obligor may be or become entitled to claim for itself or its property or revenues any immunity on the ground of sovereignty or the like from suit, court jurisdiction, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in aid of execution of a judgment or execution of a judgment, and to the extent that in any such jurisdiction there may be attributed such an immunity (whether or not claimed), such Obligor hereby irrevocably agrees not to claim and hereby irrevocably waives such immunity with respect to its obligations under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents.
 
14.13     Entire Agreement.  This Agreement and the other Loan Documents constitute the entire agreement among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede any and all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof, including any confidentiality (or similar) agreements.  EACH OBLIGOR ACKNOWLEDGES, REPRESENTS AND WARRANTS THAT IN DECIDING TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT AND THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS OR IN TAKING OR NOT TAKING ANY ACTION HEREUNDER OR THEREUNDER, IT HAS NOT RELIED, AND SHALL NOT RELY, ON ANY STATEMENT, REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY, COVENANT, AGREEMENT OR UNDERSTANDING, WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL, OF OR WITH ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT OR THE LENDERS OTHER THAN THOSE EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT AND THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS.
 
14.14     Severability.  If any provision hereof is found by a court to be invalid or unenforceable, to the fullest extent permitted by any applicable Law the parties agree that such invalidity or unenforceability shall not impair the validity or enforceability of any other provision hereof.
 
14.15     No Fiduciary Relationship.  The Borrower acknowledges that the Administrative Agent and the Lenders have no fiduciary relationship with, or fiduciary duty to, the Borrower arising out of or in connection with this Agreement or the other Loan Documents, and the relationship between the Lenders and the Borrower is solely that of creditor and debtor.  This Agreement and the other Loan Documents do not create a joint venture among the parties.
 
14.16     Confidentiality.  The Administrative Agent and each Lender agree to keep confidential all non-public information provided to them by any Obligor pursuant to this Agreement that is designated by such Obligor as confidential in accordance with its customary procedures for handling its own confidential information; provided that nothing herein shall prevent the Administrative Agent or any Lender from disclosing any such information (i) to the Administrative Agent, any other Lender or, subject to an agreement to comply with the provisions of this Section 14.16, any Affiliate of a Lender or any Eligible Transferee or other assignee permitted under Section 14.05(b), (ii) subject to an agreement to comply with the provisions of this Section, to any actual or prospective direct or indirect counterparty to any Hedging Agreement (or any professional advisor to such counterparty), (iii) to its employees, officers, directors, agents, attorneys, accountants, trustees and other professional advisors or those of any of its affiliates (collectively, its “Related Parties”); provided that the applicable Lender shall remain liable hereunder for any breach of this Section 14.16 by any of its Related Parties, (iv) upon the request or demand of any Governmental Authority or any Regulatory Authority purporting to have jurisdiction over such Person or its Related Parties (including any self-regulatory authority, such as the National Association of Insurance Commissioners), (v) in response to any order of any court or other Governmental Authority or as may otherwise be required pursuant to any applicable Law, (vi) if requested or required to do so in connection with any litigation or similar proceeding, (vii) that has been publicly disclosed (other than as a result of a disclosure in violation of this Section 14.16), (viii) to the National Association of Insurance Commissioners or any similar organization or any nationally recognized rating agency that requires access to information about a Lender’s investment portfolio in connection with ratings issued with respect to such Lender, (ix) in connection with the exercise of any remedy permitted hereunder or under any other Loan Document, (x) on a confidential basis to (A) any rating agency in connection with rating any Obligor or any of its Subsidiaries or the Loans or (B) the CUSIP Service Bureau or any similar agency in connection with the issuance and monitoring of CUSIP numbers of other market identifiers with respect to the Loans or (xi) to any other party hereto; provided further that, unless specifically prohibited by applicable law or court order, each Lender shall notify the Borrower of any request by any Governmental Authority or representative thereof (other than any such request in connection with any examination of the financial condition or other routine examination of such Lender by such Governmental Authority) for disclosure of any such non-public information prior to disclosure of such information.
 
100

14.17     Interest Rate Limitation.  Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if at any time the interest rate applicable to any Loan, together with all fees, charges and other amounts that are treated as interest on such Loan under applicable Law (collectively, “charges”), shall exceed the maximum lawful rate (the “Maximum Rate”) that may be contracted for, charged, taken, received or reserved by the Administrative Agent and the Lender holding such Loan in accordance with applicable Law, the rate of interest payable in respect of such Loan hereunder, together with all charges payable in respect thereof, shall be limited to the Maximum Rate.  To the extent lawful, the interest and charges that would have been paid in respect of such Loan but were not paid as a result of the operation of this Section shall be cumulated and the interest and charges payable to such Lender in respect of other Loans or periods shall be increased (but not above the amount collectible at the Maximum Rate therefor) until such cumulated amount, together with interest thereon at the Federal Funds Effective Rate for each day to the date of repayment, shall have been received by such Lender.  Any amount collected by such Lender that exceeds the maximum amount collectible at the Maximum Rate shall be applied to the reduction of the principal balance of such Loan so that at no time shall the interest and charges paid or payable in respect of such Loan exceed the maximum amount collectible at the Maximum Rate.
 
14.18     Judgment Currency.
 
(a)          If, for the purposes of obtaining judgment in any court, it is necessary to convert a sum due hereunder in Dollars into another currency, the parties hereto agree, to the fullest extent permitted by Law, that the rate of exchange used shall be that at which, in accordance with normal banking procedures, the Administrative Agent could purchase Dollars with such other currency at the buying spot rate of exchange in the New York foreign exchange market on the Business Day immediately preceding that on which any such judgment, or any relevant part thereof, is given.
 
(b)          The obligations of the Obligors in respect of any sum due to the Administrative Agent hereunder and under the other Loan Documents shall, notwithstanding any judgment in a currency other than Dollars, be discharged only to the extent that on the Business Day following receipt by the Administrative Agent of any sum adjudged to be so due in such other currency the Administrative Agent may, in accordance with normal banking procedures, purchase Dollars with such other currency. If the amount of Dollars so purchased is less than the sum originally due to the Administrative Agent in Dollars, the Borrower agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so, as a separate obligation and notwithstanding any such judgment, to indemnify the Administrative Agent against such loss. If the amount of Dollars so purchased exceeds the sum originally due to the Administrative Agent in Dollars, the Administrative Agent shall remit such excess to the Borrower.
 
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14.19     USA PATRIOT Act.  The Administrative Agent and the Lenders hereby notify the Obligors that pursuant to the requirements of the USA PATRIOT Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)) (the “Patriot Act”), and equivalent or similar Laws in other relevant jurisdictions, they are required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies the Obligors, which information includes the name and address of each Obligor and other information that will allow such Person to identify such Obligor in accordance with the Patriot Act.
 
14.20     Acknowledgement and Consent to Bail-In of EEA Financial Institutions.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any Loan Document or in any other agreement, arrangement or understanding among any such parties, each party hereto acknowledges that any liability of any EEA Financial Institution arising under any Loan Document, to the extent such liability is unsecured, may be subject to the Write-Down and Conversion Powers of an EEA Resolution Authority and agrees and consents to, and acknowledges and agrees to be bound by:
 
(a)          the application of any Write-Down and Conversion Powers by an EEA Resolution Authority to any such liabilities arising hereunder which may be payable to it by any party hereto that is an EEA Financial Institution; and
 
(b)          the effects of any Bail-In Action on any such liability, including, if applicable:
 
(i)           a reduction in full or in part or cancellation of any such liability;
 
(ii)          a conversion of all, or a portion of, such liability into shares or other instruments of ownership in such EEA Financial Institution, its parent undertaking, or a bridge institution that may be issued to it or otherwise conferred on it, and that such shares or other instruments of ownership will be accepted by it in lieu of any rights with respect to any such liability under this Agreement or any other Loan Document; or
 
(iii)         the variation of the terms of such liability in connection with the exercise of the Write-Down and Conversion Powers of any EEA Resolution Authority.
 
14.21     Release of Collateral and Guarantees; Non-Disturbance Agreements.
 
(a)          The Administrative Agent hereby agrees, at the sole expense of the Obligors, to execute any documents, releases, terminations and agreements reasonably requested by the Borrower (i) to release any Lien on any Collateral (A) on the date when all Obligations (other than (x) Warrant Obligations and (y) contingent obligations as to which no Claims have been asserted) have been satisfied in full in cash, (B) that is sold or otherwise disposed of or to be sold or otherwise disposed of as part of or in connection with an Asset Sale permitted pursuant to Section 9.09 or (C) subject to Sections 14.01 and 14.04, if approved, authorized or ratified in writing by the Administrative Agent and (ii) to release any Subsidiary Guarantor from its obligations as a guarantor hereunder if such Person ceases to be a Subsidiary as a result a transaction permitted under the Loan Documents.
 
(b)          The Administrative Agent hereby agrees to, and each Lender hereby agrees that Administrative Agent may, enter non-disturbance or similar agreements in connection with licensing agreements permitted by this Agreement or any other Loan Document, in each case in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the counterparty or counterparties to the licensing agreements.
 
[Signature Pages Follow]

102

 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the day and year first above written.
 
 
BORROWER:

FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
 
By: /s/ David Domzalski
Name: David Domzalski
Title: Chief Executive Officer
 
By: /s/ Ilan Hadar
Name: Ilan Hadar
Title: Chief Financial Officer
 
Address for Notices:
520 U.S. Highway 22
Suite 204
Bridgewater, NJ 08807
Attn: General Counsel
Tel.:
Email:
 
[Signature Page to Credit Agreement and Guaranty]


 
PARENT GUARANTOR:
 
FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
 
By: /s/ David Domzalski
Name: David Domzalski
Title: Chief Executive Officer
 
By: /s/ Ilan Hadar
Name: Ilan Hadar
Title: Chief Financial Officer
 
Address for Notices:
520 U.S. Highway 22
Suite 204
Bridgewater, NJ 08807
Attn: General Counsel
Tel.:
Email:

[Signature Page to Credit Agreement and Guaranty]
 

 
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT:

PERCEPTIVE CREDIT HOLDINGS II, LP
 
By:  PERCEPTIVE CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES GP, LLC, its general partner
 
By: /s/ Sandeep Dixit
Name: Sandeep Dixit
Title: Chief Credit Officer
 
By: /s/ Jim Mannix
Name: Jim Mannix
Title: Chief Operating Officer
 
Address for Notices:
Perceptive Credit Holdings II, LP
c/o Perceptive Advisors LLC
51 Astor Place, 10th Floor
New York, NY 10003
Attn: Sandeep Dixit
Email:

[Signature Page to Credit Agreement and Guaranty]

 
LENDERS:

PERCEPTIVE CREDIT HOLDINGS II, LP
 
By:  PERCEPTIVE CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES GP, LLC, its general partner
 
By: /s/ Sandeep Dixit
Name: Sandeep Dixit
Title: Chief Credit Officer
 
By: /s/ Jim Mannix
Name: Jim Mannix
Title: Chief Operating Officer
 
Address for Notices:
Perceptive Credit Holdings II, LP
c/o Perceptive Advisors LLC
51 Astor Place, 10th Floor
New York, NY 10003
Attn: Sandeep Dixit
Email:

[Signature Page to Credit Agreement and Guaranty]


 
ORBIMED ROYALTY & CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES III, LP

By: OrbiMed Advisors LLC, its investment manager

By: /s/ Sven H. Borho
Name: Sven H. Borho
Title: Member

Address for Notices:
OrbiMed Royalty & Credit Opportunities III, LP
601 Lexington Ave, 54th Floor
New York, NY 10022
Attn: Matthew Rizzo; OrbiMed Credit Report
Email:

[Signature Page to Credit Agreement and Guaranty]



Schedule 1
to Credit Agreement
 
COMMITMENTS
 
TRANCHE 1 LOAN
 
Lender
 
Commitment
   
Proportionate Share
 
Perceptive Credit Holdings II, LP
 
$
7,500,000
     
50
%
OrbiMed Royalty & Credit Opportunities III, LP   $ 7,500,000       50 %
TOTAL
 
$
15,000,000
     
100
%

TRANCHE 2 LOAN
 
Lender
 
Commitment
   
Proportionate Share
 
Perceptive Credit Holdings II, LP
 
$
10,000,000
     
50
%
OrbiMed Royalty & Credit Opportunities III, LP   $ 10,000,000       50 %
TOTAL
 
$
20,000,000
     
100
%

TRANCHE 3 LOAN
 
Lender
 
Commitment
   
Proportionate Share
 
Perceptive Credit Holdings II, LP
 
$
7,500,000
     
50
%
OrbiMed Royalty & Credit Opportunities III, LP   $ 7,500,000       50 %
TOTAL
 
$
15,000,000
     
100
%


EXHIBIT A
TO CREDIT AGREEMENT AND GUARANTY

FORM OF NOTE

[___], 20[__]

U.S. $ [15,000,000] [20,000,000]

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned, Foamix Pharmaceuticals Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), hereby promises to pay to [___________] (the “Lender”), in immediately available funds, the aggregate principal sum set forth above, or, if less, the aggregate unpaid principal amount of all Loans made by the Lender pursuant to Section 2.01(a) of the Credit Agreement and Guaranty, dated as of July 29, 2019 (as amended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among the Borrower, Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd., an Israeli limited liability company (the “Parent Guarantor”), the Subsidiaries of the Parent Guarantor from time to time party thereto, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Perceptive Credit Holdings II, LP, a Delaware limited partnership, as administrative agent for the lenders (in such capacity, together with its successors and assigns, the “Administrative Agent”), on the date or dates specified in the Credit Agreement, together with interest on the principal amount of such Loans from time to time outstanding thereunder at the rates, and payable in the manner and on the dates, specified in the Credit Agreement. This Note is a Note issued pursuant to the terms of Section 2.03 of the Credit Agreement, and this Note and the holder hereof are entitled to all the benefits and security provided for thereby or referred to therein, to which Credit Agreement reference is hereby made for a statement thereof. All defined terms used in this Note, except terms otherwise defined herein, shall have the same meaning as in the Credit Agreement.

THIS NOTE AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES HEREUNDER SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS THAT WOULD RESULT IN THE APPLICATION OF THE LAWS OF ANY OTHER JURISDICTION; PROVIDED THAT SECTION 5-1401 OF THE NEW YORK GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW SHALL APPLY.

The Borrower hereby waives demand, presentment, protest or notice of any kind hereunder, other than notices provided for in the Loan Documents. The non-exercise by the holder hereof of any of its rights hereunder in any particular instance shall not constitute a waiver thereof in such particular or any subsequent instance.

THIS NOTE MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE TERMS OF THE CREDIT AGREEMENT.

THIS NOTE HAS BEEN ISSUED WITH “ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT” (WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 1273 OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986, AS AMENDED). UPON WRITTEN REQUEST, THE BORROWER WILL PROMPTLY MAKE AVAILABLE TO ANY HOLDER OF THIS NOTE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: (1) THE ISSUE PRICE AND ISSUE DATE OF THE NOTE, (2) THE AMOUNT OF ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT ON THE NOTE AND (3) THE YIELD TO MATURITY OF THE NOTE. HOLDERS SHOULD CONTACT THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER OF THE BORROWER AT [ADDRESS OF THE BORROWER].

[Signature Page Follows]



Exhibit 10.2

SECURITY AGREEMENT
 
THIS SECURITY AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of July 29, 2019, is made by and among Foamix Pharmaceuticals Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd., an Israeli limited liability company (the “Parent Guarantor”), certain Subsidiaries of the Parent Guarantor party hereto or having acceded hereto pursuant to Section 22 (each a “Subsidiary Guarantor” and, together with the Parent Guarantor, the “Guarantors”, and together with the Borrower, each a “Grantor” and, collectively, the “Grantors”), and PERCEPTIVE CREDIT HOLDINGS II, LP, as administrative agent for the Lenders referred to below (in such capacity, the “Administrative Agent”).
 
WHEREAS, the Borrower, the Guarantors, certain lenders from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”) and the Administrative Agent are parties to a Credit Agreement and Guaranty dated as of the date hereof (as amended, amended and restated, modified, supplemented, renewed, extended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), whereby, among other things, the Borrower will incur Indebtedness and other Obligations and the Guarantors will guarantee such Indebtedness and other Obligations (the “Guarantee”).
 
WHEREAS, it is a condition precedent to the Borrowings under the Credit Agreement that the Grantors enter into this Agreement and grant to the Administrative Agent, for itself and for the ratable benefit of the other Secured Parties, the security interests hereinafter provided to secure the obligations of the Borrower and the Guarantors described below.
 
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:
 
SECTION 1          Definitions; Interpretation.
 
(a)          Terms Defined in Credit Agreement.  All capitalized terms used in this Agreement (including in the recitals hereof) and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Credit Agreement.
 
(b)          Certain Defined Terms.  As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
 
Acceding Grantor” has the meaning set forth in Section 22.
 
Accession Agreement” has the meaning set forth in Section 22.
 
Books” means all books, records and other written, electronic or other documentation in whatever form maintained now or hereafter by or for any Grantor in connection with the ownership of its assets or the conduct of its business or evidencing or containing information relating to the Collateral, including:  (i) ledgers; (ii) records indicating, summarizing, or evidencing any Grantor’s assets (including Inventory and Rights to Payment), business operations or financial condition; (iii) computer programs and software; (iv) computer discs, tapes, files, manuals, spreadsheets; (v) computer printouts and output of whatever kind; (vi) any other computer prepared or electronically stored, collected or reported information and equipment of any kind; and (vii) any and all other rights now or hereafter arising out of any Contract between any Grantor and any service bureau, computer or data processing company or other Person charged with preparing or maintaining any of any Grantor’s books or records or with credit reporting, including with regard to any such Grantor’s Accounts.


 
Collateral” has the meaning provided in Section 2(a) hereof.
 
Control Agreement” means any control agreement or other agreement with any securities intermediary, bank, depository or other Person establishing the Administrative Agent’s control with respect to any Deposit Accounts, Securities Accounts, lockboxes, disbursement accounts, investment accounts or similar accounts, Letter-of-Credit Rights or Investment Property, for purposes of Article 8 or Sections 9-104, 9-106 and 9-107 of the UCC.
 
Deposit Account” means any deposit account, as such term is defined in Section 9-102 of the UCC, maintained by or for the benefit of any Grantor, whether or not restricted or designated for a particular purpose.
 
Excluded Assets” means, collectively, (a) any Excluded Account, (b) all rolling stock, motor vehicles, vessels and other assets subject to certificates of title, (c) all leasehold interests, (d) any lease, license, contract or agreement to which any Grantor is a party, or any of its rights or interests thereunder, to the extent that the grant of a security interest therein shall constitute or result in a breach, termination, abandonment or default or invalidity thereunder or thereof (other than to the extent that any such term would be rendered ineffective pursuant to Sections 9-406, 9-407, 9-408 or 9-409 of the UCC of any relevant jurisdiction or any other applicable Law), (e) any property or assets the grant of a security interest therein (i) is prohibited by applicable Law or (ii) requires the consent, approval or waiver of any Governmental Authority or any other third party (other than to the extent that any such term would be rendered ineffective pursuant to Sections 9-406, 9-407, 9-408 or 9-409 of the UCC of any relevant jurisdiction or any other applicable Law), (f) Equity Interests of any Person to the extent that (i) the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries holds 50% or less of the outstanding Equity Interests of such Person and (ii) the grant of a security interest therein is prohibited by the Organic Documents of such Person, and (g) any “intent to use” application for registration of a Trademark filed pursuant to Section 1(b) of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1051, prior to the filing of a “Statement of Use” pursuant to Section 1(d) of the Lanham Act or an “Amendment to Allege Use” pursuant to Section 1(c) of the Lanham Act with respect thereto, to the extent that, and during the period in which, the grant of a security interest therein would impair the validity or enforceability of any registration that issues from such intent-to-use application under applicable federal law; provided that, to the extent any asset or item of property of any Grantor that, but for this defined term and its use herein, would otherwise constitute Collateral ceases to qualify as an Excluded Asset, it shall automatically cease to be an “Excluded Asset” for purposes hereof and shall be included as Collateral, unless otherwise provided hereof.
 
Grantors” has the meaning set forth in the preamble to this Agreement.
 
Intellectual Property Collateral” means the following properties and assets owned or held by any Grantor or in which any Grantor otherwise has any interest, now existing or hereafter acquired or arising:
 
(i)           all Patents, including domestic and foreign Patents, all licenses relating to any of the foregoing and all income and royalties with respect to any licenses (including such Patents and licenses described in Schedule 2), all rights to sue for past, present or future infringement thereof, all rights arising therefrom and pertaining thereto and all reissues, divisions, continuations, renewals, extensions and continuations-in-part thereof;

2

 
(ii)           all Copyrights, including domestic and foreign Copyrights, together with underlying works of authorship (including titles), whether or not the underlying works of authorship have been published and whether said Copyrights are statutory or arise under the common law, and all other rights and works of authorship, all licenses relating to any of the foregoing and all income and royalties with respect to any licenses (including the Copyrights described in Schedule 2), and all income and royalties with respect thereto, and all other rights, Claims and demands in any way relating to any such Copyrights or works, including royalties and rights to sue for past, present or future infringement, and all rights of renewal and extension of such Copyright;
 
(iii)          all Trademarks, including state (including common law), federal and foreign trademarks, service marks and trade names, and applications for registration of such Trademarks, all licenses relating to any of the foregoing and all income and royalties with respect to any licenses (including the Trademarks and licenses described in Schedule 2), whether registered or unregistered and wherever registered, all rights to sue for past, present or future infringement or unconsented use thereof, all rights arising therefrom and pertaining thereto and all reissues, extensions and renewals thereof;
 
(iv)           all Technical Information;
 
(v)            the entire goodwill of or associated with the businesses now or hereafter conducted by such Grantor connected with and symbolized by any of the aforementioned properties and assets; and
 
(vi)          all other Intellectual Property, all other proprietary rights, or other similar property and all other general intangibles associated with or arising out of any of the aforementioned properties and assets and not otherwise described above, including rights to sue for or collect damages for any past, present or future infringement of any of the foregoing.
 
Intellectual Property Collateral shall not include any Excluded Assets.
 
Intellectual Property Security Agreement” means each security agreement in relation to Patents, Trademarks and Copyrights of the Grantors, as may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, supplementary to this Agreement and prepared for purposes of recordation with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
 
Partnership and LLC Collateral” means any and all limited, limited liability and general partnership interests and limited liability company interests of any type or nature (including any such interests in the Borrower’s direct or indirect Subsidiaries (but excluding any Immaterial Subsidiary) now or hereafter owned by any Grantor), whether now existing or hereafter acquired or arising, including any such interests specified in Schedule 3.

3

 
Pledge Supplement” has the meaning specified in Section 3(h).
 
Pledged Collateral” means any and all (i) Pledged Shares; (ii) additional capital stock or other Equity Interests of the direct or indirect Subsidiaries of the Borrower (but excluding any Immaterial Subsidiary), whether certificated or uncertificated; (iii) other Investment Property of any Grantor; (iv) warrants, options or other rights entitling any Grantor to acquire any interest in Equity Interests or other securities of such Subsidiaries or any other Person; (v) Partnership and LLC Collateral; (vi) Instruments; (vii)  securities, property, interest, dividends and other payments and distributions issued as an addition to, in redemp-tion of, in renewal or exchange for, in substitution or upon conversion of, or otherwise on account of, any of the foregoing; (viii) certificates and instruments now or hereafter representing or evidencing any of the foregoing; (ix) rights, interests and Claims with respect to the foregoing, including under any and all related agreements, instruments and other documents, and (x) cash and non-cash proceeds of any of the foregoing, in each case whether presently existing or owned or hereafter arising or acquired and wherever located, and as from time to time received or receivable by, or otherwise paid or distributed to or acquired by, any Grantor, but in all cases excluding the Excluded Assets.
 
Pledged Collateral Agreements” has the meaning specified in Section 5.
 
Pledged Shares” means all of the issued and outstanding Equity Interests, whether certificated or uncertificated, of the Borrower’s direct or indirect Subsidiaries now or hereafter owned by any Grantor, including each Subsidiary identified on Schedule 3 (as amended or supplemented from time to time).
 
Proceeds Account” has the meaning set forth in Section 10(c).
 
Rights to Payment” means any and all of any Grantor’s Accounts and any and all of any Grantor’s rights and Claims to the payment or receipt of money or other forms of consideration of any kind in, to and under or with respect to its Chattel Paper, Documents, General Intangibles, Instruments, Investment Property, Letter-of-Credit Rights, Proceeds and Supporting Obligations, but in all cases excluding the Excluded Assets.
 
Secured Obligations” means all Obligations, whether in respect of Indebtedness or other obligations of the Grantors to any Secured Party under the Credit Agreement, the Notes, the Guarantee or any of the other Loan Documents or otherwise.
 
Supporting Obligations” means all supporting obligations, as such term is defined in Section 9-102 of the UCC.
 
(c)          Terms Defined in the NY UCC.  Where applicable and except as otherwise defined herein, terms used in this Agreement shall have the meanings assigned to them in the NY UCC; provided, however, that to the extent that the NY UCC is used to define any term herein and such term is defined differently in different Articles of the NY UCC, the definition of such term contained in Article 9 shall govern.

4

 
(d)          Interpretation.  The rules of interpretation set forth in Section 1.03 of the Credit Agreement shall be applicable to this Agreement and are incorporated herein by this reference.
 
SECTION 2          Security Interest.
 
(a)          Grant of Security Interest.  As security for the payment and performance of the Secured Obligations, each Grantor hereby grants to the Administrative Agent, for itself and on behalf of and for the ratable benefit of the other Secured Parties, a security interest in all of such Grantor’s right, title and interest in, to and under all of such Grantor’s personal property, wherever located and whether now existing or owned or hereafter acquired or arising, including the following property (collectively, the “Collateral”):  (i) all Accounts; (ii) all Chattel Paper; (iii) all Commercial Tort Claims; (iv) all Deposit Accounts; (v) all Books and Documents; (vi) all Equipment; (vii) all General Intangibles; (viii) all Instruments; (ix) all Inventory; (x) all Investment Property; (xi) all Letter-of-Credit Rights; (xii) all other Goods; (xiii) all Intellectual Property Collateral; (xiv) all money, (xv) all Pledged Collateral, (xvi) all products and Proceeds of any and all of the foregoing, and (xvii) all Supporting Obligations of any and all of the foregoing, but in all cases excluding the Excluded Assets.
 
(b)          Grantors Remain Liable.  Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, (i) each Grantor shall remain liable under any Contracts included in the Collateral, to the extent set forth therein, to perform all of its duties and obligations thereunder to the same extent as if this Agreement had not been executed, (ii) the exercise by the Administrative Agent of any of the rights granted to the Administrative Agent hereunder shall not release any Grantor from any of its duties or obligations under any such Contracts included in the Collateral, and (iii) neither the Administrative Agent nor any other Secured Party shall have any obligation or liability under any such Contracts included in the Collateral by reason of this Agreement, nor shall the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party be obligated to perform any of the obligations or duties of any Grantor thereunder or to take any action to collect or enforce any such Contract included in the Collateral hereunder.
 
(c)          Continuing Security Interest.  Each Grantor agrees that this Agreement shall create a continuing security interest in the Collateral which shall remain in effect until terminated in accordance with Section 23.
 
SECTION 3          Perfection and Priority.
 
(a)          Financing Statements, Etc.  Each Grantor hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent (or its designee) to file at any time and from time to time any financing statements describing the Collateral, and each Grantor shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent, and each Grantor hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent (or its designee) to file (with or without such Grantor’s signature), at any time and from time to time, all amendments to financing statements, continuation financing statements, termination statements (subject to the prior written consent of the applicable secured party), Intellectual Property Security Agreements, assignments, fixture filings, affidavits, reports, notices and all other documents and instruments, in form reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request, to perfect, continue the perfection of, maintain the priority of or provide notice of the Administrative Agent’s security interest in the Collateral and to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Grantor (i) ratifies and authorizes the filing by the Administrative Agent of any financing statements filed with respect to the Collateral prior to the date hereof and (ii) shall from time to time take the actions specified in subsections (b) through (i) below.

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(b)          Delivery of Pledged Collateral.  Each Grantor hereby agrees to promptly deliver to or for the account of the Administrative Agent, at the address and to the Person to be designated by the Administrative Agent, the certificates, instruments and other writings representing any Pledged Collateral after such time as Grantor becomes entitled to receive or receives such Pledged Collateral, which shall be in suitable form for transfer by delivery, or shall be accompanied by duly executed instruments of transfer or assignment in blank, in form satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.  If any Grantor shall become entitled to receive or shall receive any Pledged Collateral after the date hereof, such Grantor shall accept the foregoing as the Administrative Agent for the Administrative Agent, shall hold it in trust for the Administrative Agent, shall segregate it from other property or funds of such Grantor, and shall promptly deliver the same and all certificates, instruments and other writings representing such Pledged Collateral forthwith to or for the account of the Administrative Agent, at the address and to the Person to be designated by the Administrative Agent, which shall be in suitable form for transfer by delivery, or shall be accompanied by duly executed instruments of transfer or assignment in blank in form satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.
 
(c)          Transfer of Security Interest Other Than by Delivery.  If for any reason Pledged Collateral cannot be delivered to or for the account of the Administrative Agent as provided in Section 3(b), each applicable Grantor shall promptly take such other steps as may be necessary or as shall be reasonably requested from time to time by the Administrative Agent to effect a transfer of a perfected first priority security interest in and pledge of the Pledged Collateral to the Administrative Agent for itself and on behalf of and for the ratable benefit of the other Secured Parties pursuant to the NY UCC.  To the extent practicable, each such Grantor shall thereafter deliver the Pledged Collateral to or for the account of the Administrative Agent as provided in Section 3(b).
 
(d)          Intellectual Property Collateral.  (i)  Each Grantor shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent, concurrently with the execution of this Agreement, such Intellectual Property Security Agreements as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request, and record or cause to be recorded (including by giving authorization to the Administrative Agent to so record) such Intellectual Property Security Agreements with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and take any such further or other action as may be necessary, or as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request, to perfect the Administrative Agent’s security interest in such Intellectual Property Collateral with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or pursuant to the NY UCC, (ii) concurrently with the delivery of a Compliance Certificate in connection with the delivery of financial statements under Section 8.01(b) of the Credit Agreement, for any Intellectual Property Collateral created or acquired by any Grantor after the date hereof which is registered or becomes registered or the subject of an application for registration with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, such Grantor shall modify this Agreement by amending Schedule 2 to include any Intellectual Property Collateral which becomes part of the Collateral and which was not included on Schedule 2 as of the date hereof and record such Intellectual Property Security Agreement with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, and take (or cause to be taken) such other action as may be necessary, or as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request, to perfect the Administrative Agent’s security interest in such Intellectual Property Collateral.

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(e)         Documents, Etc.  Each Grantor shall deliver to the Administrative Agent, or an agent designated by it, appropriately endorsed or accompanied by appropriate instruments of transfer or assignment, all Documents and Chattel Paper, and all other Rights to Payment, in each case, with a face value in excess of $100,000 individually and $250,000 in the aggregate for all such Documents, Chattel paper and other Rights to Payment, at any time evidenced by promissory notes, trade acceptances or other instruments, not already delivered hereunder pursuant to this Section 3.
 
(f)          Bailees.  Any Person (other than the Administrative Agent) at any time and from time to time holding all or any portion of the Collateral with a fair market value in excess of $100,000 individually and $250,000 in the aggregate shall be deemed to, and shall, hold the Collateral as the agent of, and as pledge holder for, the Administrative Agent.  At any time and from time to time, the Administrative Agent may give notice to any such Person holding all or any portion of the Collateral with a fair market value in excess of $100,000 individually and $250,000 in the aggregate that such Person is holding the Collateral as the agent and bailee of, and as pledge holder for, the Administrative Agent, and request to obtain such Person’s written acknowledgment thereof.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Grantor will join with the Administrative Agent in notifying any Person who has possession of any Collateral with a fair market value in excess of $100,000 individually and $250,000 in the aggregate of the Administrative Agent’s security interest therein and using commercially reasonable efforts to obtain an acknowledgment from such Person that it is holding the Collateral for the benefit of the Administrative Agent.
 
(g)         Control.  Each Grantor will cooperate with the Administrative Agent in obtaining control (as defined in the NY UCC) of Collateral consisting of (i) any Deposit Accounts (other than Excluded Accounts), (ii) any Electronic Chattel Paper with a face value in excess of $100,000 individually and $250,000 in the aggregate, (iii) any Investment Property with a face value in excess of $100,000 individually and $250,000 in the aggregate or (iv) any Letter-of-Credit Rights with a face value in excess of $100,000 individually and $250,000 in the aggregate, including delivery of Control Agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request, to perfect, continue the perfection of, maintain the priority of or provide notice of the Administrative Agent’s security interest in such Collateral.
 
(h)          After-Acquired Equity Interests.  In the event that any Grantor acquires any Pledged Collateral after the date hereof, such Grantor shall deliver to the Administrative Agent a pledge supplement, duly executed by such Grantor and substantially in the form of Exhibit B (the “Pledge Supplement”), together with all schedules thereto, reflecting such additional Pledged Collateral, and the certificates and other documents required to be delivered pursuant to Section 3.01(b) hereof in respect of such additional Pledged Collateral.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is understood and agreed that the security interest of the Administrative Agent shall attach to such Pledged Collateral immediately upon any Grantor’s acquisition of rights therein and shall not be affected by the failure of any Grantor to deliver a Pledge Supplement.

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(i)          Purchase Money Security Interests.  To the extent any Grantor uses the proceeds of any of the Secured Obligations to purchase Collateral, such Grantor’s repayment of the Secured Obligations shall apply on a “first-in, first-out” basis so that the portion of the Secured Obligations used to purchase a particular item of Collateral shall be paid in the chronological order in which such Grantor purchased the Collateral.
 
SECTION 4          Representations and Warranties.  In addition to the representations and warranties of each Grantor set forth in the Credit Agreement, each Grantor represents and warrants to each Secured Party that:
 
(a)          Location of Chief Executive Office and Collateral.  Such Grantor’s chief executive office and principal place of business (as of the date of this Agreement) is located at the address set forth in Schedule 1, and all other locations (as of the date of this Agreement) where such Grantor conducts business or Collateral is kept are set forth in Schedule 1.
 
(b)         Locations of Books.  All locations where Books pertaining to the Rights to Payment of such Grantor are kept, including all equipment necessary for accessing such Books and the names and addresses of all service bureaus, computer or data processing companies and other Persons keeping any Books or collecting Rights to Payment for such Grantor, are set forth in Schedule 1.
 
(c)         Jurisdiction of Organization and Names.  Such Grantor’s jurisdiction of organization is set forth in Schedule 1; and such Grantor’s exact legal name is as set forth in the signature pages of this Agreement.  All trade names and trade styles under which such Grantor presently conducts its business operations are set forth in Schedule 1, and, except as set forth in Schedule 1, such Grantor has not, at any time in the past:  (i) been known as or used any other corporate, trade or fictitious name; (ii) changed its name; (iii) been the surviving or resulting corporation in a merger or consolidation; or (iv) acquired through asset purchase or otherwise any business of any Person.
 
(d)          Collateral.  Such Grantor has rights in or the power to transfer the Collateral, and such Grantor is the sole and complete owner of the Collateral (or, in the case of after-acquired Collateral, at the time such Grantor acquires rights in such Collateral, will be the sole and complete owner thereof), free from any Lien other than Permitted Liens.
 
(e)          Enforceability; Priority of Security Interest.  (i) This Agreement creates a security interest which is enforceable against the Collateral in which such Grantor now has rights and will create a security interest which is enforceable against the Collateral in which such Grantor hereafter acquires rights at the time such Grantor acquires any such rights; and (ii) the Administrative Agent has a perfected and first priority security interest in the Collateral in which such Grantor now has rights, and will have a perfected and first priority security interest in the Collateral in which such Grantor hereafter acquires rights at the time such Grantor acquires any such rights, in each case, for the Administrative Agent’s own benefit and for the ratable benefit of the other Secured Parties, subject to Permitted Liens and securing the payment and performance of the Secured Obligations.

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(f)          Other Financing Statements.  Other than (i) financing statements filed in connection with any Permitted Liens and (ii) financing statements in favor of the Administrative Agent for itself and on behalf of the other Secured Parties, no effective financing statement naming such Grantor as debtor, assignor, grantor, mortgagor, pledgor or the like and covering all or any part of the Collateral is on file in any filing or recording office in any jurisdiction.
 
(g)          Rights to Payment.
 
(i)          The Rights to Payment of such Grantor represent valid, binding and enforceable obligations of the account debtors or other Persons obligated thereon, representing undisputed, bona fide transactions completed in accordance with the terms and provisions contained in any documents related thereto, and are and will be genuine and what they purport to be;
 
(ii)          such Grantor has not assigned any of its rights under any of its Rights to Payment except as provided in this Agreement or as set forth in the other Loan Documents; and
 
(iii)         all Rights to Payment of such Grantor comply in all material respects with all applicable Laws concerning form, content and manner of preparation and execution.
 
(h)          Inventory.  No Inventory of such Grantor is stored with any bailee, warehouseman or similar Person or on any premises leased to such Grantor, no such Inventory has been consigned to such Grantor or consigned by such Grantor to any Person, nor is any such Inventory held by such Grantor for any Person under any “bill and hold” or other arrangement, except as set forth in Schedule 1 or, after the date hereof, with any bailee at any other location that is duly disclosed to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 5(n).
 
(i)           [Reserved]
 
(j)           Equipment.  None of the Equipment is leased from or to any Person, except as set forth at Schedule 1 or as otherwise disclosed to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders.
 
(k)          Deposit Accounts.  The names and addresses of all financial institutions at which such Grantor maintains its Deposit Accounts, and the account numbers and account names of such Deposit Accounts, are set forth in Schedule 1.
 
(l)          Instrument Collateral.  (i) Such Grantor has not previously assigned any interest in any Instruments held by such Grantor (other than such interests as will be released on or before the date hereof), (ii) no Person other than such Grantor owns an interest in such Instruments (whether as joint holders, participants or otherwise), and (iii) no material default exists under or in respect of such Instruments.

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(m)        Pledged Shares, Partnership and LLC Collateral and other Pledged Collateral.  (i) All of the Pledged Shares and Partnership and LLC Collateral of such Grantor have been, and upon issuance any additional Pledged Collateral consisting of Pledged Shares, Partnership and LLC Collateral or any other securities of such Grantor, will be, duly and validly issued, and are and will be fully paid and non-assessable, subject in the case of Partnership and LLC Collateral to future assessments required under applicable Law and any applicable partnership or operating agreement, (ii) such Grantor is or, in the case of any such additional Pledged Collateral will be, the legal record and beneficial owner thereof, (iii) there are no restrictions on the transferability of such Pledged Collateral or such additional Pledged Collateral to the Administrative Agent or with respect to the foreclosure, transfer or disposition thereof by the Administrative Agent, except as provided under applicable securities or “Blue Sky” laws, (iv) the Pledged Shares and Partnership and LLC Collateral of such Grantor constitute 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of all directly and indirectly owned Subsidiaries of such Grantor (except, in the case of Foreign Subsidiaries, for any securities in the nature of directors’ qualifying shares required pursuant to applicable Law), and no securities convertible into or exchangeable for any shares of capital stock of any such Subsidiary, or any options, warrants or other commitments entitling any Person to purchase or otherwise acquire any shares of capital stock of any such Subsidiary, are issued and outstanding, (v) any and all Pledged Collateral Agreements which affect or relate to the voting or giving of written consents with respect to any of the Pledged Shares pledged by such Grantor, and any and all other Pledged Collateral Agreements relating to the Partnership and LLC Collateral of such Grantor, have been disclosed in writing to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, and (vi) as to each such Pledged Collateral Agreement relating to the Partnership and LLC Collateral of such Grantor, (A) such agreement contains the entire agreement between the parties thereto with respect to the subject matter thereof, has not been amended or modified, and is in full force and effect in accordance with its terms, (B) there exists no material violation or material default under any such agreement by such Grantor or to the knowledge of such Grantor party thereto, the other parties thereto, and (C) such Grantor has not knowingly waived or released any of its material rights under or otherwise consented to a material departure from the terms and provisions of any such agreement.
 
(n)         Other Investment Property; Instruments; and Chattel Paper.  All Securities Accounts of such Grantor and other Investment Property of such Grantor are set forth in Schedule 1, and all Instruments and Chattel Paper held by such Grantor are also set forth in Schedule 1.
 
(o)          Control Agreements.  No Control Agreements exist with respect to any Collateral held by such Grantor other than any Control Agreements in favor of the Administrative Agent.
 
(p)          Letter-of-Credit Rights.  Such Grantor does not have any Letter-of-Credit Rights except as set forth in Schedule 1.
 
(q)          Commercial Tort Claims.  Such Grantor does not have any Commercial Tort Claims except as set forth in Schedule 1.
 
(r)          Leases.  Such Grantor is not and will not become a lessee under any real property lease or other agreement governing the location of Collateral at the premises of another Person pursuant to which the lessor or such other Person may obtain any rights in any of the Collateral, and no such lease or other such agreement now prohibits, restrains, impairs or will prohibit, restrain or impair such Grantor’s right to remove any Collateral from the premises at which such Collateral is situated, except for the usual and customary restrictions contained in such leases of real property.

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SECTION 5          Covenants.  So long as any of the Secured Obligations (other than Warrant Obligations and contingent indemnification obligations as to which no Claims have been asserted) remain unsatisfied or any Lender shall have any Commitment, each Grantor agrees that:
 
(a)          Defense of Collateral.  Such Grantor will appear in and defend any action, suit or proceeding which may affect to a material extent its title to, or right or interest in, or the Administrative Agent’s right or interest in, the Collateral.
 
(b)          Preservation of Collateral.  Such Grantor will do and perform all reasonable acts that may be necessary and appropriate to maintain, preserve and protect the Collateral.
 
(c)          Compliance with Laws, Etc.  Such Grantor will comply with all laws, regulations and ordinances, and all policies of insurance, relating in a material way to the possession, operation, maintenance and control of the Collateral.
 
(d)        Location of Books and Chief Executive Office.  Such Grantor will:  (i) keep all Books pertaining to the Rights to Payment of such Grantor at the locations set forth in Schedule 1; and (ii) give at least seven (7) Business Days prior written notice to the Administrative Agent of (A) any changes in any location where Books pertaining to the Rights to Payment of such Grantor are kept, including any change of name or address of any service bureau, computer or data processing company or other Person preparing or maintaining any such Books or collecting Rights to Payment for such Grantor or (B) any changes in the location of such Grantor’s chief executive office or principal place of business.
 
(e)          Location of Collateral.  Such Grantor will:  (i) keep the Collateral held by such Grantor at the locations set forth in Schedule 1 or at such other locations as may be disclosed in writing to the Administrative Agent pursuant to clause (ii) and will not remove any such Collateral from such locations (other than in connection with sales of Inventory in the ordinary course of such Grantor’s business, other dispositions permitted by Section 5 and movements of Collateral from one disclosed location to another disclosed location within the United States), except upon at least seven (7) Business Days prior written notice of any removal to the Administrative Agent; and (ii) give the Administrative Agent at least five (5) Business Days prior written notice of any change in the locations set forth in Schedule 1.
 
(f)          Change in Name, Identity or Structure.  Such Grantor will give at least seven (7) Business Days’ prior written notice to the Administrative Agent of (i) any change in name, (ii) any change in its jurisdiction of organization, (iii) any change in its registration as an organization (or any new registration); and (iv) any changes in its identity or structure in any manner which might make any financing statement filed hereunder incorrect or misleading; provided that such Grantor shall not change its jurisdiction of organization to a jurisdiction outside of the United States.

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(g)          Maintenance of Records.  Such Grantor will keep separate, accurate and complete Books with respect to the Collateral held by such Grantor, disclosing the Administrative Agent’s security interest hereunder.
 
(h)          Disposition of Collateral.  Such Grantor will not surrender or lose possession of, sell, lease, rent, or otherwise dispose of or transfer any of the Collateral held or owned by such Grantor or any right or interest therein, except to the Administrative Agent or to the extent otherwise permitted by the Loan Documents; provided that no such disposition or transfer of Investment Property or Instruments shall be permitted while any Event of Default exists.
 
(i)           Liens.  Such Grantor will keep the Collateral held by such Grantor free of all Liens except Permitted Liens.
 
(j)          Leased Premises; Collateral Held by Warehouseman, Bailee, Etc.  At the Administrative Agent’s request, such Grantor will use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain from each Person from whom such Grantor leases any premises, and from each other Person at whose premises any Collateral with a fair market value in excess of $100,000 individually and $250,000 in the aggregate held by such Grantor is at any time present (including any bailee, warehouseman or similar Person), any such collateral access, subordination, landlord waiver, bailment, consent and estoppel agreements as the Administrative Agent may reasonably require, in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.
 
(k)          Rights to Payment.  Such Grantor will:
 
(i)          with such frequency as the Administrative Agent may reasonably require or as may be required under the Credit Agreement (but no more than once per fiscal quarter unless an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing), furnish to the Administrative Agent full and complete reports, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, with respect to the Accounts.
 
(ii)        if any Accounts of such Grantor arise from Contracts with the United States or any department, agency or instrumentality thereof, immediately notify the Administrative Agent thereof and execute any documents and instruments and take any other steps reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent in order that all monies due and to become due thereunder shall be assigned to the Administrative Agent and notice thereof given to the Federal authorities under the Federal Assignment of Claims Act;

(iii)        upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, upon the reasonable request of the Administrative Agent, notify the account debtors and other obligors on the Rights to Payment or any designated portion thereof that payment shall be made directly to the Administrative Agent or to such other Person or location as the Administrative Agent shall specify; and

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(iv)         upon the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default, establish such lockbox or similar arrangements for the payment of such Grantor’s Accounts and other Rights to Payment as the Administrative Agent shall require.
 
(l)          Instruments, Investment Property, Etc.  Upon the request of the Administrative Agent, such Grantor will (i) promptly deliver to the Administrative Agent, or an agent designated by it, appropriately endorsed or accompanied by appropriate instruments of transfer or assignment, all Instruments, Documents and Chattel Paper held by such Grantor, all letters of credit of such Grantor, and all other Rights to Payment held by such Grantor at any time evidenced by promissory notes, trade acceptances or other instruments, in each case, with a face value in excess of $100,000 individually and $250,000 in the aggregate for all such items of Collateral, (ii) cause any securities intermediaries to show on their books that the Administrative Agent is the entitlement holder with respect to any Investment Property held by such securities intermediary on behalf of such Grantor, and/or obtain Control Agreements in favor of the Administrative Agent from such securities intermediaries, in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, with respect to any such Investment Property, as reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent, and (iii) provide such notice, obtain such acknowledgments and take all such other action, with respect to any Chattel Paper, Documents and Letter-of-Credit Rights, in each case, with a face value in excess of $100,000 individually and $250,000 in the aggregate for all such items of Collateral held by such Grantor, as the Administrative Agent shall reasonably specify.
 
(m)         Deposit Accounts and Securities Accounts.  Such Grantor will promptly notify the Administrative Agent of the establishment of any new Deposit Account and of any new Securities Account established by such Grantor with respect to any Investment Property held by such Grantor.
 
(n)          Inventory.  Such Grantor will not store any Inventory with a bailee, warehouseman or similar Person or on premises leased to such Grantor other than those locations identified in Schedule 1, and will not dispose of any Inventory on a bill-and-hold, guaranteed sale, sale and return, sale on approval, consignment or similar basis, and will not acquire any Inventory from any Person on any such basis.
 
(o)          Intellectual Property Collateral.  Such Grantor:
 
(i)         except as permitted under the Credit Agreement, will not allow or suffer any Intellectual Property Collateral held by such Grantor to become abandoned, nor any registration thereof to be terminated, forfeited, expired or dedicated to the public, except as shall be reasonable and appropriate in accordance with prudent business practice; and
 
(ii)          will use commercially reasonable efforts to prosecute all applications for patents and trademarks, and file and prosecute any and all continuations, continuations-in-part, applications for reissue, applications for certificate of correction and like matters as shall be reasonable and appropriate in accordance with prudent business practice, and promptly and timely pay any and all maintenance, license, registration and other fees, taxes and expenses incurred in connection with any Intellectual Property Collateral held by such Grantor.

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(p)          Notices, Reports and Information.  Such Grantor will (i) notify the Administrative Agent of any other modifications of or additions to the information contained in Schedule 1 (including any acquisition or holding of an interest in any Chattel Paper, Commercial Tort Claims and Letter-of-Credit Rights); (ii) notify the Administrative Agent of any material Claim made or asserted against the Collateral by any Person and of any change in the composition of the Collateral or other event which could materially adversely affect the value of the Collateral or the Administrative Agent’s Lien thereon; (iii) furnish to the Administrative Agent such listings, descriptions and schedules with respect to such Grantor’s Equipment and Inventory, and such other reports and other information in connection with the Collateral, as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request, all in reasonable detail; and (iv) upon the reasonable request of the Administrative Agent make such demands and requests for information and reports as such Grantor is entitled to make in respect of the Collateral.
 
(q)          Shareholder Agreements and Other Agreements.  Such Grantor shall:
 
(i)         comply in all material respects with all of its obligations under any shareholders agreement, operating agreement, partnership agreement, voting trust, proxy agreement or other agreement or understanding (collectively, the “Pledged Collateral Agreements”) to which it is a party and shall enforce all of its rights thereunder,
 
(ii)        take all actions necessary to cause each such Pledged Collateral Agreement relating to Partnership and LLC Collateral to provide specifically at all times that: (A) no such Partnership and LLC Collateral shall be a security governed by Article 8 of the applicable UCC; and (B) no consent of any member, manager, partner or other Person shall be a condition to the admission as a member or partner of any transferee (including the Lender) that acquires ownership of such Partnership and LLC Collateral as a result of the exercise by the Lender of any remedy hereunder or under applicable law,
 
(iii)       not take vote or enable to take any other action to certificate any shares of Pledged Collateral of the Borrower or of any of its direct Subsidiaries to the extent such shares are not certificated as of the Closing Date;
 
(iv)       not vote to enable or take any other action to:  (A) amend or terminate, or waive compliance with any of the terms of, any such Pledged Collateral Agreement, certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational documents in any way that materially changes the rights of such Grantor with respect to any such Pledged Collateral in a manner adverse to the Administrative Agent or the other Secured Parties or that adversely affects the validity, perfection or priority of the Administrative Agent’s security interest therein.
 
(v)        Additionally, such Grantor agrees that no such Partnership and LLC Collateral (A) shall be dealt in or traded on any securities exchange or in any securities market, (B) shall constitute an investment company security, or (C) shall be held by such Grantor in a securities account.
 
(r)           Insurance. (i) Such Grantor shall carry and maintain in full force and effect, at the expense of such Grantor and with financially sound and reputable insurance companies, insurance with respect to the Collateral held by such Grantor in such amounts, with such deductibles and covering such risks as shall be specified in the Credit Agreement.

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SECTION 6          Rights to Payment and Pledged Collateral.
 
(a)          Collection of Rights to Payment.  Until the Administrative Agent exercises its rights hereunder to collect any Rights to Payment of any Grantor, each such Grantor shall endeavor in the first instance diligently to collect all amounts due or to become due on or with respect to the Rights to Payment held by such Grantor, in each case, to the extent doing so is in the ordinary course of business of such Grantor, consistent with past practice.  At the request of the Administrative Agent, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default, all remittances received by such Grantor shall be held in trust for the Administrative Agent and, in accordance with the Administrative Agent’s instructions, remitted to the Administrative Agent or deposited to an account with the Administrative Agent in the form received (with any necessary endorsements or instruments of assignment or transfer).
 
(b)          Pledged Collateral.  Unless and until an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, each Grantor shall be entitled to receive and retain for its own account any cash dividend on or other cash distribution or payment, if any, in respect of the Pledged Collateral, to the extent consistent with the Credit Agreement or the Guarantee, as applicable; provided, that, except in connection with transactions permitted under Section 9.05 of the Credit Agreement, such Grantor shall not be entitled to receive (i) cash paid, payable or otherwise distributed in redemption of, or in exchange for or in substitution of, any Pledged Collateral held by such Grantor, or (ii) dividends and other distributions paid or payable in cash in respect of any such Pledged Collateral in connection with a partial or total liquidation or dissolution of any Person whose ownership interests constitute Pledged Collateral or in connection with a reduction of capital, capital surplus or paid-in-surplus or any other type of recapitalization involving any such Person.  At the request of the Administrative Agent, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default, the Administrative Agent shall be entitled to receive all distributions and payments of any nature with respect to any Pledged Collateral, and all such distributions or payments received by such Grantor shall be held in trust for the Administrative Agent and, in accordance with the Administrative Agent’s instructions, remitted to the Administrative Agent or deposited to an account with the Administrative Agent in the form received (with any necessary endorsements or instruments of assignment or transfer).  Following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default any such distributions and payments with respect to any such Pledged Collateral held in any Securities Account shall be held and retained in such Securities Account, in each case as part of the Collateral hereunder.  Additionally, with respect to any of the Pledged Collateral, the Administrative Agent shall have the right, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, following prior written notice to any applicable Grantor, to vote and to give consents, ratifications and waivers with respect to any such Pledged Collateral and to exercise all rights of conversion, exchange, subscription or any other rights, privileges or options pertaining thereto, as if the Administrative Agent were the absolute owner thereof; provided that the Administrative Agent shall have no duty to exercise any of the foregoing rights afforded to it and shall not be responsible to such Grantor or any other Person for any failure to do so or delay in doing so.

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(c)          Voting Prior to an Event of Default.  Unless and until an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, each Grantor shall have the right to vote the Pledged Collateral held by such Grantor and to give consents, ratifications and waivers in respect thereof, and shall retain the power to control the direction, management and policies of any Person comprising such Pledged Collateral to the same extent as such Grantor would if such Pledged Collateral were not pledged to the Administrative Agent pursuant to this Agreement; provided, that no vote shall be cast or consent, waiver or ratification given or action taken which would have the effect of materially impairing the position or interest of the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties in respect of such Pledged Collateral or which would alter the voting rights with respect to the stock or other ownership interest in or of any such Person or be inconsistent with or violate any provision of this Agreement, the Credit Agreement, or any other Loan Documents.  If applicable, such Grantor shall be deemed the beneficial owner of all such Pledged Collateral for purposes of Sections 13 and 16 of the Exchange Act and agrees to file all reports required to be filed by beneficial owners of securities thereunder.  The Administrative Agent shall execute and deliver (or cause to be executed and delivered) to each Grantor all such proxies and other instruments as such Grantor may reasonably request for the purpose of enabling such Grantor to exercise the voting and other rights which it is entitled to exercise pursuant to this subsection (c) and to receive the distributions which it is authorized to receive and retain pursuant to this subsection (c).
 
(d)          Certain Other Administrative Matters.  Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Administrative Agent may (i) cause any of the Pledged Collateral to be transferred into its name or into the name of its nominee or nominees (subject to the revocable rights specified in this Section 6) and (ii) exchange uncertificated Pledged Collateral for certificated Pledged Collateral, and to exchange certificated Pledged Collateral for certificates of larger or smaller denominations, for any purpose consistent with this Agreement.
 
SECTION 7          Authorization; Administrative Agent Appointed Attorney-in-Fact.  In addition to (and not in limitation of) any other right or remedy provided to the Administrative Agent hereunder, the Administrative Agent shall have the right to, in the name of any Grantor, or in the name of the Administrative Agent or otherwise, without notice to or assent by any such Grantor, and each Grantor hereby constitutes and appoints the Administrative Agent (and any of the Administrative Agent’s officers or employees or agents designated by the Administrative Agent) as such Grantor’s true and lawful attorney-in-fact, with full power and authority to:
 
(a)          file any of the financing statements which must be filed to perfect or continue to perfect, maintain the priority of or provide notice of the Administrative Agent’s Lien in the Collateral;
 
(b)          take possession of and endorse any notes, acceptances, checks, drafts, money orders or other forms of payment or security and collect any Proceeds of any Collateral;
 
(c)          sign and endorse any invoice or bill of lading relating to any of the Collateral, warehouse or storage receipts, drafts against customers or other obligors, assignments, notices of assignment, verifications and notices to customers or other obligors;

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(d)          notify the U.S. Postal Service and other postal authorities to change the address for delivery of mail addressed to such Grantor to such address as the Administrative Agent may designate; and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, establish with any Person lockbox or similar arrangements for the payment of the Rights to Payment of such Grantor;
 
(e)          receive, open and dispose of all mail addressed to such Grantor;
 
(f)          send requests for verification of Rights to Payment to the customers or other obligors of such Grantor;
 
(g)          contact, or direct such Grantor to contact, all account debtors and other obligors on the Rights to Payment of such Grantor and instruct such account debtors and other obligors to make all payments directly to the Administrative Agent;
 
(h)          assert, adjust, sue for, compromise or release any Claims under any policies of insurance;
 
(i)          exercise dominion and control over, and refuse to permit further withdrawals from, any Deposit Accounts of such Grantor maintained with the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any other bank, financial institution or other Person;
 
(j)          notify each Person maintaining lockbox or similar arrangements for the payment of the Rights to Payment of such Grantor to remit all amounts representing collections on such Rights to Payment directly to the Administrative Agent;
 
(k)        ask, demand, collect, receive and give acquittances and receipts for any and all Rights to Payment of such Grantor, enforce payment or any other rights in respect of the Rights to Payment and other Collateral, grant consents, agree to any amendments, modifications or waivers of the agreements and documents governing such Rights to Payment and other Collateral, and otherwise file any Claims, take any action or institute, defend, settle or adjust any actions, suits or proceedings with respect to the Collateral, as the Administrative Agent may deem necessary or desirable to maintain, preserve and protect the Collateral, to collect the Collateral or to enforce the rights of the Administrative Agent with respect to the Collateral;
 
(l)          execute any and all applications, documents, papers and instruments necessary for the Administrative Agent to use the Intellectual Property Collateral and grant or issue any exclusive or non-exclusive license or sublicense with respect to any Intellectual Property Collateral;
 
(m)        execute any and all endorsements, assignments or other documents and instruments necessary to sell, lease, assign, convey or otherwise transfer title in or dispose of the Collateral;
 
(n)        execute and deliver to any securities intermediary or other Person any entitlement order or other notice, document or instrument which the Administrative Agent may deem necessary or advisable to maintain, protect, realize upon and preserve the Deposit Accounts and Investment Property of such Grantor and the Administrative Agent’s security interest therein; and

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(o)          execute any and all such other documents and instruments, and do any and all acts and things for and on behalf of such Grantor, which the Administrative Agent may deem necessary or advisable to maintain, protect, realize upon and preserve the Collateral and the Administrative Agent’s security interest therein and to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement.
 
The Administrative Agent agrees that, except upon the occurrence and during the continuation of an Event of Default, it shall not exercise the power of attorney, or any rights granted to the Administrative Agent, pursuant to clauses (b) through (o).  The foregoing power of attorney is coupled with an interest and irrevocable so long as the Lenders have any Commitments or the Secured Obligations have not been satisfied in full.  Each Grantor hereby ratifies, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, all that the Administrative Agent shall lawfully and in good faith do or cause to be done by virtue of and in compliance with this Section 7.
 
SECTION 8          Administrative Agent Performance of Grantor Obligations.  The Administrative Agent may (but shall not be obligated to) perform or pay any obligation which any Grantor has agreed to perform or pay under or in connection with this Agreement, and such Grantor shall reimburse the Administrative Agent on demand for any amounts paid, or costs incurred, by the Administrative Agent pursuant to this Section 8.
 
SECTION 9          Administrative Agent’s Duties.  Notwithstanding any provision contained in this Agreement, the Administrative Agent shall have no duty to exercise any of the rights, privileges or powers afforded to it and shall not be responsible to any Grantor or any other Person for any failure to do so or delay in doing so.  Beyond the exercise of reasonable care to assure the safe custody of Collateral in the Administrative Agent’s possession and the accounting for moneys actually received by the Administrative Agent hereunder, the Administrative Agent shall have no duty or liability to exercise or preserve any rights, privileges or powers pertaining to the Collateral.
 
SECTION 10          Remedies.
 
(a)         Remedies.  Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of any Event of Default, the Administrative Agent shall have, in addition to all other rights and remedies granted to it in this Agreement, the Credit Agreement, the Guarantee or any other Loan Document, all rights and remedies of a secured party under the NY UCC and other applicable Laws.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Grantor agrees that:
 
(i)          The Administrative Agent may peaceably and without notice enter any premises of such Grantor, take possession of any Collateral, remove or dispose of all or part of the Collateral on any premises of such Grantor or elsewhere, or, in the case of Equipment, render it nonfunctional, and otherwise collect, receive, appropriate and realize upon all or any part of the Collateral, and demand, give receipt for, settle, renew, extend, exchange, compromise, adjust, or sue for all or any part of the Collateral, as the Administrative Agent may determine.

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(ii)          The Administrative Agent may require such Grantor to assemble all or any part of the Collateral and make it available to the Administrative Agent, at any place and time designated by the Administrative Agent.
 
(iii)         The Administrative Agent may use or transfer any of such Grantor’s rights and interests in any Intellectual Property Collateral, by license, by sublicense (to the extent permitted by an applicable license) or otherwise, on such conditions and in such manner as the Administrative Agent may determine.
 
(iv)         The Administrative Agent may secure the appointment of a receiver of the Collateral or any part thereof (to the extent and in the manner provided by applicable Law).
 
(v)          The Administrative Agent may withdraw (or cause to be withdrawn) any and all funds from any Deposit Accounts, Securities Accounts or Commodity Accounts.
 
(vi)        The Administrative Agent may sell, resell, lease, use, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of any or all of the Collateral in its then condition or following any commercially reasonable preparation or processing (utilizing in connection therewith any of such Grantor’s assets, without charge or liability to the Administrative Agent therefor) at public or private sale, by one or more Contracts, in one or more parcels, at the same or different times, for cash or credit or for future delivery without assumption of any credit risk, all as the Administrative Agent deems advisable; provided, that such Grantor shall be credited with the net proceeds of sale only when such proceeds are finally collected by the Administrative Agent.  The Administrative Agent and each of the other Secured Parties shall have the right upon any such public sale, and, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, upon any such private sale, to purchase the whole or any part of the Collateral so sold, free of any right or equity of redemption, which right or equity of redemption such Grantor hereby releases, to the extent permitted by applicable Law.  The Administrative Agent shall give such Grantor such notice of any public or private sale as may be required by the NY UCC or other applicable Law.  Such Grantor recognizes that the Administrative Agent may be unable to make a public sale of any or all of the Pledged Collateral, by reason of prohibitions contained in applicable securities laws or otherwise, and expressly agrees that a private sale to a restricted group of purchasers for investment and not with a view to any distribution thereof shall be considered a commercially reasonable sale.
 
(vii)        Neither the Administrative Agent nor any other Secured Party shall have any obligation to clean up or otherwise prepare the Collateral for sale.  The Administrative Agent has no obligation to attempt to satisfy the Secured Obligations by collecting them from any other Person liable for them and the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties may release, modify or waive any Collateral provided by any other Person to secure any of the Secured Obligations, all without affecting the Administrative Agent’s or any other Secured Party’s rights against such Grantor.  Such Grantor waives any right it may have to require the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party to pursue any third Person for any of the Secured Obligations.  The Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties may comply with any applicable state or federal law requirements in connection with a disposition of the Collateral and compliance will not be considered adversely to affect the commercial reasonableness of any sale of the Collateral.  The Administrative Agent may sell the Collateral without giving any warranties as to the Collateral.  The Administrative Agent may specifically disclaim any warranties of title or the like.  This procedure will not be considered adversely to affect the commercial reasonableness of any sale of the Collateral.  If the Administrative Agent sells any of the Collateral upon credit, such Grantor will be credited only with payments actually made by the purchaser, received by the Administrative Agent and applied to the indebtedness of the purchaser.  In the event the purchaser fails to pay for the Collateral, the Administrative Agent may resell the Collateral and the Grantors shall be credited with the proceeds of the sale.

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(b)          License.  For the purpose of enabling the Administrative Agent to exercise its rights and remedies under this Section 10 or otherwise in connection with this Agreement, each Grantor hereby grants to the Administrative Agent an irrevocable, non-exclusive and assignable license (exercisable without payment or royalty or other compensation to such Grantor) to use, license or sublicense any Intellectual Property Collateral.
 
(c)          Application of Proceeds.  The cash proceeds actually received from the sale or other disposition or collection of any Grantor’s Collateral, and any other amounts received in respect of such Collateral the application of which is not otherwise provided for herein, shall be applied as provided in Section 3.03(d) of the Credit Agreement.  Any surplus thereof which exists after payment and performance in full of the Secured Obligations shall be promptly paid over to such Grantor or otherwise disposed of in accordance with the NY UCC or other applicable Law.  Each Grantor shall remain liable to the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties for any deficiency which exists after any sale or other disposition or collection of Collateral.
 
SECTION 11          Certain Waivers.  Each Grantor waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law, (a) any right of redemption with respect to the Collateral, whether before or after sale hereunder, and all rights, if any, of marshalling of the Collateral or other collateral or security for the Secured Obligations; (b) any right to require the Administrative Agent or the other Secured Parties (i) to proceed against any Person, (ii) to exhaust any other collateral or security for any of the Secured Obligations, (iii) to pursue any remedy in the Administrative Agent’s or any of the other Secured Parties’ power, or (iv) to make or give any presentments, demands for performance, notices of nonperformance, protests, notices of protests or notices of dishonor in connection with any of the Collateral; and (c) all Claims, damages, and demands against the Administrative Agent or the other Secured Parties arising out of the repossession, retention, sale or application of the proceeds of any sale of the Collateral.
 
SECTION 12          Notices.  All notices or other communications hereunder shall be given in the manner and to the addresses specified in Section 14.02 of the Credit Agreement.
 
SECTION 13          No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies.  No failure on the part of the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party to exercise, and no delay in exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right, remedy, power or privilege preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege.  The rights and remedies under this Agreement are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights, remedies, powers and privileges that may otherwise be available to the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party.

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SECTION 14          Binding Effect.  This Agreement shall be binding upon, inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by each Grantor, the Administrative Agent, each Secured Party and their respective successors and permitted assigns and shall bind any Person who becomes bound as a debtor, agent or secured party to this Agreement.
 
SECTION 15          Governing Law.  This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of the State of New York, without regard to principles of conflicts of laws that would result in the application of the laws of any other jurisdiction; provided that Section 5-1401 of the New York General Obligations Law shall apply.
 
SECTION 16          Submission to Jurisdiction.
 
(a)          Submission to Jurisdiction.  Each Grantor agrees that any suit, action or proceeding with respect to this Agreement or any judgment entered by any court in respect thereof may be brought initially in the federal or state courts in New York, New York or in the courts of its own corporate domicile and irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of each such court for the purpose of any such suit, action, proceeding or judgment.  This Section 16 is for the benefit of the Secured Parties only and, as a result, no Secured Party shall be prevented from taking proceedings in any other courts with jurisdiction.  To the extent allowed by any Law, the Secured Parties may take concurrent proceedings in any number of jurisdictions.
 
(b)          Waiver of Venue.  Each Grantor irrevocably waives to the fullest extent permitted by law any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of the venue of any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement and hereby further irrevocably waives to the fullest extent permitted by law any Claim that any such suit, action or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.  A final judgment (in respect of which time for all appeals has elapsed) in any such suit, action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in any court to the jurisdiction of which such Obligor is or may be subject, by suit upon judgment.
 
(c)          Service of Process.  Each party hereto irrevocably consents to service of process in the manner provided for notices in Section 12.  Nothing in this Agreement will affect the right of any party hereto to serve process in any other manner permitted by applicable Law.
 
SECTION 17         Waiver of Jury Trial.  EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY.
 
SECTION 18          Entire Agreement; Amendment.  This Agreement and the other Loan Documents constitute the entire agreement among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede any and all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof, including any confidentiality (or similar) agreements.  This Agreement shall not be amended except by the written agreement of the parties as provided in the Credit Agreement.

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SECTION 19          Severability.  If any provision hereof is found by a court to be invalid or unenforceable, to the fullest extent permitted by any Law the parties agree that such invalidity or unenforceability shall not impair the validity or enforceability of any other provision hereof.
 
SECTION 20          Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same instrument and any of the parties hereto may execute this Agreement by signing any such counterpart. Delivery of an executed signature page of this Agreement by facsimile transmission or electronic transmission (in PDF format) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof.
 
SECTION 21          No Inconsistent Requirements.  Each Grantor acknowledges that this Agreement and the other Loan Documents may contain covenants and other terms and provisions variously stated regarding the same or similar matters, and agrees that all such covenants, terms and provisions are cumulative and all shall be performed and satisfied in accordance with their respective terms.
 
SECTION 22          Accession.  At such time following the date hereof as any Person (an “Acceding Grantor”) is required to accede hereto pursuant to the terms of Section 8.12 of the Credit Agreement, such Acceding Grantor shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent an accession agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit A (an “Accession Agreement”), signifying its agreement to be bound by the provisions of this Agreement as a Grantor to the same extent as if such Acceding Grantor had originally executed this Agreement as of the date hereof.
 
SECTION 23          Termination.  Upon the termination of the Commitments of the Lenders and payment and performance in full of all Secured Obligations (other than Warrant Obligations and contingent indemnification obligations as to which no Claims have been asserted), the security interests created by this Agreement shall automatically terminate and the Administrative Agent shall promptly execute and deliver to each Grantor such documents and instruments reasonably requested by such Grantor as shall be necessary to evidence the termination of all security interests given by such Grantor to the Administrative Agent hereunder.
 
[Remainder of page intentionally left blank; signature pages follow]
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.
 
BORROWER:
 
FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
 
By: /s/ David Domzalski

Name: David Domzalski
Title: Chief Executive Officer
 
PARENT GUARANTOR:
 
FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD

By: /s/ David Domzalski
Name: David Domzalski
Title:  Chief Executive Officer
 

Signature Page 2 to Security Agreement
 


ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT:
 
PERCEPTIVE CREDIT HOLDINGS II, LP

By:  PERCEPTIVE CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES GP, LLC, its general partner
 
By: /s/ Sandeep Dixit
Name: Sandeep Dixit
Title: Chief Credit Officer
 
By: /s/ Jim Mannix
Name: Jim Mannix
Title: Chief Operating Officer
 

Signature Page 3 to Security Agreement
 

 

Exhibit 10.3

WARRANT CERTIFICATE
 
THIS WARRANT CERTIFICATE AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS WARRANT CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR QUALIFIED UNDER ANY STATE OR FOREIGN SECURITIES LAWS AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED UNLESS (I) A REGISTRATION STATEMENT COVERING THE OFFER AND SALE OF SUCH SECURITIES IS EFFECTIVE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT AND IS QUALIFIED UNDER APPLICABLE STATE AND FOREIGN LAW OR (II) THE TRANSACTION IS EXEMPT FROM THE REGISTRATION AND PROSPECTUS DELIVERY REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT AND THE QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS UNDER APPLICABLE STATE AND FOREIGN LAW AND, IN EACH CASE, IF THE COMPANY REQUESTS, AN OPINION SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY TO SUCH EFFECT HAS BEEN RENDERED BY COUNSEL.
 
Warrant Shares Issuable:          550,000 Ordinary Shares
 
Issue Date:                                July 29, 2019
 
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD, an Israeli company with limited liability (the “Company”), hereby certifies that ORBIMED ROYALTY & CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES III, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Initial Holder” and, together with its successors and permitted transferees and assigns, a “Holder”) is entitled to purchase, at the per share Exercise Price, up to five hundred fifty thousand (550,000) fully paid and nonassessable Ordinary Shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”), all subject to the terms, conditions and adjustments set forth below in this Warrant Certificate.  Certain capitalized terms used herein are defined in Section 1.
 
This Warrant Certificate has been issued as a condition precedent to the making of loans under and pursuant to the Credit Agreement and Guaranty, dated as of July 29, 2019 (as amended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among the Company, as parent guarantor, Foamix Pharmaceuticals Inc., as borrower, certain Subsidiaries of the Company from time to time party thereto, the lenders from time to time party thereto, and Perceptive Credit Holdings II, LP, as the administrative agent for the lenders.
 
Section 1.          Definitions.  Capitalized terms used in this Warrant Certificate but not defined herein have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Credit Agreement as in effect on the date hereof.  The following terms when used herein have the following meanings:
 
Aggregate Exercise Price” means, with respect to any exercise of this Warrant Certificate for Warrant Shares, an amount equal to the product of (i) the number of Warrant Shares in respect of which this Warrant Certificate is then being exercised pursuant to Section 3, multiplied by (ii) the Exercise Price.


 
Bloomberg” has the meaning set forth within the definition of “VWAP”.
 
Cashless Exercise” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(b).
 
Charter” means the Articles of Association of the Company, filed with the Israeli Companies Registrar on January 19, 2003.
 
Company” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
 
Convertible Securities” means any Equity Interests that, directly or indirectly, are convertible into or exchangeable for Ordinary Shares.
 
Credit Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
 
Determination Date” has the meaning set forth in the definition of “VWAP”.
 
Exercise Certificate” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(a)(i).
 
Exercise Date” means, for any given exercise of this Warrant Certificate, whether in whole or in part, a Business Day on which the conditions to such exercise as set forth in Section 3 shall have been satisfied at or prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, including, without limitation, the receipt by the Company of the Exercise Certificate.
 
Exercise Period” means the period from (and including) the Issue Date to (and including) 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the Expiration Date.
 
Exercise Price” means $2.09.
 
Expiration Date” means July 29, 2026.
 
Fair Market Value” means, if the Ordinary Shares are traded on a Trading Market, (i) the VWAP of such Ordinary Shares for such day or (ii) if there have been no sales of such Ordinary Shares on any Trading Market on any such day, the average of the highest bid and lowest asked prices for such Ordinary Shares on all applicable Trading Markets at the end of such day; provided that if at any time the Ordinary Shares are not listed, quoted or otherwise available for trading on any Trading Market (so that no Trading Date shall have occurred), or if VWAP cannot be calculated for the Ordinary Shares for such day for any other reason, the “Fair Market Value” of such Ordinary Shares shall be the fair market value per share of such Ordinary Shares as determined jointly by the Company and the Holder; provided further, that, in the event the Company and Holder are unable to so mutually agree, Fair Market Value shall be determined pursuant to Section 9(a).
 
Holder” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
 
Independent Advisor” has the meaning set forth in Section 9(a).
 
Initial Holder” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
 
Issue Date” means the date designated as such on the first page of this Warrant Certificate.

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Marketable Securities” means equity securities meeting each of the following requirements: (i) the issuer thereof is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and is current in its filing of all required reports and other information under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act; (ii) such equity securities are traded on a Trading Market; and (iii) if delivered (or to be delivered) as payment or compensation to the Holder in connection with an automatic Cashless Exercise pursuant to Section 3(c), following the closing of the related Sale of the Company, the Holder would not be restricted from publicly re-selling all of such equity securities delivered to it, except to the extent that any such restriction (x) arises solely under federal or state securities laws, rules or regulations, or (y) does not extend beyond six (6) months from the closing of such Sale of the Company to the extent such restrictions may be lifted at such time under the applicable federal or state securities laws, rules or regulations.
 
Nasdaq” means The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc.
 
NYSE” means the New York Stock Exchange.
 
Options” means any warrants, options or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase Ordinary Shares or Convertible Securities.
 
Ordinary Shares” means the Company’s ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.16 per share, which carry voting rights.
 
OTC Bulletin Board” means the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. OTC Bulletin Board.
 
Ordinary Shares Deemed Outstanding” means, at any given time, the sum of (i) the number of Ordinary Shares actually outstanding at such time, plus (ii) the number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of Options actually outstanding at such time, plus (iii) the number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon conversion or exchange of Convertible Securities actually outstanding at such time (treating as actually outstanding any Convertible Securities issuable upon exercise of Options actually outstanding at such time), in each case, regardless of whether the Options or Convertible Securities are actually exercisable at such time; provided that Ordinary Shares Deemed Outstanding at any given time shall not include shares owned or held by or for the account of the Company or any or its wholly owned subsidiaries.
 
Pre-emptive Rights” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.
 
Registration Statement” means, in connection with any public offering of securities, any registration statement required pursuant to the Securities Act that covers the offer and sales of any such securities, including any prospectus, amendments or supplements to such Registration Statement, including post-effective amendments and all exhibits and all materials incorporated by reference in such Registration Statement.
 
Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act.
 
Sale of the Company” means a transaction pursuant to which (i) (x) any Person or group of Persons acting jointly or otherwise in concert (other than the Holder and any other parties to the Credit Agreement) acquires ownership, directly or indirectly, beneficially or of record, of Equity Interests of the Borrower having more than fifty percent (50%) of the aggregate ordinary voting power, determined on a fully diluted basis, (y) any Person or group of Persons acting jointly or otherwise in concert (other than the Holder and any other parties to the Credit Agreement) acquires, by Contract or otherwise, the right to appoint or elect a majority of the Board of the Company, or (z) all or substantially all of the assets of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, are sold, and (ii) all Obligations (as defined in the Credit Agreement) outstanding under the Credit Agreement are to be paid in full in cash, whether pursuant to the terms of the transaction, pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement (including Section 11 thereof) or otherwise.

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SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor thereto.
 
Share Distribution” means any issuance or sale by the Company of any of its Ordinary Shares, Options or Convertible Securities, other than in connection with a dividend or distribution to holders of its Ordinary Shares of the type described in Section 4(c) below.
 
Share Reorganization” has the meaning set forth in Section 4(a).
 
Trading Day” means, with respect to the Ordinary Shares or any other Marketable Securities, a date on which the relevant Trading Market is open and conducting business.
 
Trading Market” means, with respect to the Ordinary Shares or any other Marketable Securities, the Nasdaq, the NYSE or the OTC Bulletin Board.
 
Unrestricted Conditions” has the meaning set forth in Section 10(a)(ii).
 
VWAP” means, with respect to any Ordinary Shares, as of any day of determination (a “Determination Date”), the volume weighted average sale price for the period of five (5) consecutive Trading Days immediately preceding such Determination Date on the Trading Market for such Ordinary Shares as reported by, or based upon data reported by, Bloomberg Financial Markets or an equivalent, reliable reporting service reasonably acceptable to the Holder and the Company (collectively, “Bloomberg”) or, if the volume weighted average sale price has not been reported for such security by Bloomberg for such five (5) day period, then the simple average of the last closing trade prices of such security for such five (5) day period, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if no last closing trade price is reported for such security by Bloomberg, the simple average of the bid prices of any market makers for such security that are listed in the over the counter market by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. or on the OTC Bulletin Board (or any successor) or in the “pink sheets” (or any successor) by the OTC Markets Group, Inc. over such five (5) day period; provided that if VWAP cannot be calculated for such security on such date in the manner provided above (including because the applicable security is not listed or publicly traded), the VWAP shall be the Fair Market Value as mutually determined by the Company and the Holder; provided further that, in the event the Company and Holder are unable to so mutually agree, Fair Market Value shall be determined pursuant to Section 9(a).
 
Warrant Certificate” means this Warrant Certificate and all subsequent warrant certificates issued upon division, combination or transfer of, or in substitution for, this Warrant Certificate.
 
Warrant Register” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.

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Warrant Shares” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
 
Section 2.            Term of Warrant Certificate.  Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, from time to time during the Exercise Period, the Holder of this Warrant Certificate may exercise this Warrant Certificate for all or any part of the Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder (subject to adjustment as provided herein).
 
Section 3.             Exercise of Warrant Certificate.
 
(a)          Exercise Procedure.  This Warrant Certificate may be exercised from time to time on any Business Day during the Exercise Period, for all or any part of the unexercised Warrant Shares, provided, however, that any partial exercise shall be for not less than 50,000 Warrant Shares at a time, upon:
 
(i)          delivery to the Company at its then registered office of a duly completed and executed Exercise Certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (each, an “Exercise Certificate”), which certificate will specify the number of Warrant Shares to be purchased and the Aggregate Exercise Price; and
 
(ii)          simultaneously with the delivery of the Exercise Certificate, payment to the Company of the Aggregate Exercise Price in accordance with Section 3(b).
 
(b)          Payment of the Aggregate Exercise Price.  Payment of the Aggregate Exercise Price shall be made, at the option of the Holder as set forth in the applicable Exercise Certificate, by any of the following methods:
 
(i)          by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated in writing by the Company, in the amount of such Aggregate Exercise Price;
 
(ii)          by instructing the Company to withhold a number of Warrant Shares then issuable upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate with an aggregate Fair Market Value as of the Exercise Date equal to such Aggregate Exercise Price; or
 
(iii)          any combination of the foregoing.
 
In the event of any withholding of Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 3(b)(ii) or (iii) (solely to the extent of such withholding, a “Cashless Exercise”) where the number of shares whose value is equal to the Aggregate Exercise Price is not a whole number, the number of shares withheld by the Company shall be rounded up to the nearest whole share and the Company shall make a cash payment to the Holder (by delivery of a certified or official bank check or by wire transfer of immediately available funds) based on the incremental fraction of a share being so withheld by the Company in an amount equal to the product of (x) such incremental fraction of a share being so withheld multiplied by (y) the Fair Market Value per Warrant Share as of the Exercise Date.
 
(c)          Automatic Cashless Exercise.  To the extent this Warrant Certificate has not been exercised in full by the Holder prior to the earlier of (i) the occurrence of the Expiration Date, and (ii) the date on which a Sale of the Company is consummated pursuant to which the sole consideration payable to the Company or its shareholders in respect of such sale transaction consists of cash, Marketable Securities or a combination of such sale transaction, any portion of this Warrant Certificate that remains unexercised on such date shall be deemed to have been exercised automatically pursuant to a Cashless Exercise, in whole (and not in part), on the Business Day immediately preceding such date; provided, that the automatic Cashless Exercise contemplated by this Section 3(c) shall not occur in the event that, as of the Business Day immediately preceding any such date described above, the per share Fair Market Value of a Warrant Share is less than the Exercise Price per Warrant Share.

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To the extent permitted by applicable Law, for purposes of Rule 144, it is acknowledged and agreed that (i) the Warrant Shares issuable upon any exercise of this Warrant Certificate in any Cashless Exercise transaction shall be deemed to have been acquired on the Issue Date, and (ii) the holding period for any Warrant Shares issuable upon the exercise of this Warrant Certificate in any Cashless Exercise transaction shall be deemed to have commenced on the Issue Date; provided that the Company makes no representation or warranty regarding the commencement of the holding period of any Warrant Share.
 
(d)          Delivery of Stock Certificates.  With respect to any exercise of this Warrant Certificate by the Holder, upon receipt by the Company of an Exercise Certificate and delivery of the Aggregate Exercise Price, the Company shall, within five (5) Business Days, deliver in accordance with the terms hereof to or upon the order of the Holder that number of Warrant Shares for the portion of this Warrant Certificate so exercised on such date, together with cash in lieu of any fraction of a share to the extent the Company elects to do so pursuant to Section 3(e) below.  If such Warrant Shares are issued in certificated form, the Company shall deliver a certificate or certificates, to the extent possible, representing the number of Warrant Shares as the Holder shall request in the Exercise Certificate. If such Warrant Shares are issued in uncertificated form, the Company shall deliver upon request a confirmation evidencing the registration of such shares.  Unless otherwise provided herein, upon any exercise hereof, this Warrant Certificate shall be deemed to have been exercised and such certificate or certificates of Warrant Shares shall be deemed to have been issued, and the Holder shall be deemed to have become a holder of record of such Warrant Shares for all purposes, as of the Exercise Date.  Unless otherwise permitted by federal or state securities laws, rules or regulations, any share certificates issued pursuant to the exercise of this Warrant Certificate will bear a legend in substantially the form set out in Section 10(a)(i) below.
 
(e)          No Fractional Shares or Scrip.  No fractional or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant Certificate. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Fair Market Value of one Warrant Share on the Exercise Date or round up to the next whole share.
 
(f)          Surrender of this Warrant Certificate; Delivery of New Warrant Certificate.
 
(i)          The Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant Certificate to the Company until this Warrant Certificate has been exercised in full by the Holder, in which case, the Holder shall, at the written request of the Company, surrender this Warrant Certificate to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Business Days after the date the final Exercise Certificate is delivered to the Company.  Partial exercises of this Warrant Certificate resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares issuable hereunder by an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares that have been issued hereunder as a result of previous exercises or withheld in connection with any Cashless Exercises.  The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares issued and purchased, the date of such issuances and purchases and the number of Warrant Shares withheld in connection with any Cashless Exercises.  The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant Certificate, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this Section 3(f), following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be fewer than the amount stated on the face hereof.

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(ii)          Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that there are unexpired and unexercised Warrant Shares remaining under the Warrant Certificate, the Holder may request that the Company (and the Company shall), at the time of issuance of any Warrant Shares in accordance with Section 3(d) and the surrender of this Warrant Certificate, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant Certificate evidencing the rights of the Holder to subscribe for the unexpired and unexercised Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant Certificate.  Unless otherwise agreed upon by the Holder in its sole discretion, such new Warrant Certificate shall in all other respects be identical to this Warrant Certificate.
 
(g)          Valid Issuance of Warrant Certificate and Warrant Shares; Payment of Taxes.  With respect to the exercise of this Warrant Certificate, the Company hereby represents, warrants, covenants and agrees as follows:
 
(i)          This Warrant Certificate is, and any Warrant Certificate issued in substitution for or replacement of this Warrant Certificate shall be, upon issuance, duly authorized.
 
(ii)          All Warrant Shares issuable upon the exercise of this Warrant Certificate (or any substitute or replacement Warrant Certificate) shall be, upon issuance, and the Company shall take all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate in order that such Warrant Shares are, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, issued without violation of any preemptive or similar rights of any shareholder of the Company and free and clear of all liens and charges (other than liens or charges created by the Holder, or created with regard to income taxes or other taxes payable by the Holder incurred in connection with the exercise of the Warrant or taxes in respect of any transfer made by the Holder occurring contemporaneously therewith).
 
(iii)          The Company shall take all such actions as may be necessary to (x) comply with Section 3(i) below and (y) ensure that all such Warrant Shares are issued without violation by the Company of any applicable Law or any requirements of any foreign or domestic securities exchange upon which Warrant Shares may be listed at the time of such exercise.
 
(iv)          The Company shall exclusively bear and pay all expenses in connection with, and all governmental charges, taxes, fees, levies, withholdings and all other such payments, that may be imposed on or with respect to, the issuance of this Warrant Certificate, and the issuance or delivery of Warrant Shares pursuant to the terms of this Warrant Certificate and the Holder shall not be affected by such payments, and the Company shall not be eligible to any indemnification for such payment from the Holder.

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(v)            The Company is a corporation duly organized and validly existing under the Laws of the State of Israel and has the capacity and corporate power and authority to enter into this Warrant Certificate.
 
(vi)           The Company has taken all action required to be taken to authorize the execution, delivery and performance of this Warrant Certificate.
 
(vii)          This Warrant Certificate has been duly executed by the Company.
 
(viii)         The obligations of the Company under this Warrant Certificate are legal, valid and binding obligations, enforceable against the Company in accordance with the terms hereof, except to the extent that enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles.
 
(ix)             As of the Issue Date, the Company has complied with all obligations set forth in Section 3(i), below.
 
(h)          Conditional Exercise. Notwithstanding any other provision hereof, if an exercise of all or any portion of this Warrant Certificate is to be made in connection with a Sale of the Company, such exercise may, at the election of the Holder, be conditioned upon the consummation of such transaction, in which case such exercise shall not be deemed to be effective until immediately prior to the consummation of such transaction.
 
(i)          Reservation of Shares.  The Company shall at all times during the Exercise Period reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued Ordinary Shares or (if applicable) other securities constituting Warrant Shares, solely for the purpose of issuance upon the exercise of this Warrant Certificate, the maximum number of Warrant Shares issuable upon the exercise of this Warrant Certificate.  The Company shall not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares receivable upon the exercise of this Warrant Certificate above the Exercise Price then in effect, and shall take all such actions within its power as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant Certificate.
 
(j)          Rule 144 Compliance.  With a view to making available to the Holder the benefits of Rule 144 and any other rule or regulation of the SEC that may at any time permit a holder to sell securities of the Company to the public without registration or pursuant to a Registration Statement, the Company shall:
 
(i)          use reasonable commercial efforts to make and keep adequate public information available, as required by clause (c) of Rule 144;
 
(ii)          use reasonable commercial efforts to file with the SEC in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act (excluding, for avoidance of doubt, any prospectus or registration statement which the Company is under no obligation to file); and

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(iii)          furnish, or otherwise make available to the Holder so long as the Holder owns Warrant Shares, promptly upon request, a written statement by the Company as to its compliance with the reporting requirements of Rule 144 and the Exchange Act, a copy of the most recent annual or quarterly report of the Company, and such other reports and documents so filed or furnished by the Company as the Holder may reasonably request in connection with the sale of Ordinary Shares without registration.
 
(k)          Ownership Cap.  The Company shall not knowingly effect the exercise of this Warrant Certificate, and the Initial Holder shall not have the right to exercise this Warrant Certificate to the extent that, after giving effect to such exercise, the Initial Holder (together with its Affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the Ordinary Shares of the Company immediately after giving effect to such exercise. For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the aggregate number of Ordinary Shares owned by the Initial Holder and its Affiliates shall include the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate with respect to which the determination of such aggregate number is being made, but shall exclude Ordinary Shares (if any) that would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, unexercised portion of this Warrant Certificate beneficially owned by the Initial Holder and its Affiliates and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other Equity Interests of the Company beneficially owned by the Initial Holder and its Affiliates (including, without limitation, any convertible notes or convertible shares or warrants) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitations contained herein. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 3(k), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act.  For purposes of this Warrant Certificate, in determining the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares, the Initial Holder of this Warrant Certificate may rely on the number of such outstanding Equity Interests as reflected in the most recent of (i) the Company’s Form 10-K, Form 10-Q or other public filing with the SEC, as the case may be, if available, (ii) a more recent public announcement by the Company, or (iii) any other notice by the Company or its transfer agent setting forth the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares.  In addition, upon the written request of the Initial Holder (but not more than once during any calendar quarter), the Company shall, within three (3) Business Days, confirm to the Initial Holder the number of its outstanding Ordinary Shares. Furthermore, upon the written request of the Company (but not more than once during any calendar quarter), the Initial Holder shall promptly confirm to the Company its then current beneficial ownership with respect to the Company’s Ordinary Shares.
 
(l)          Except as expressly provided herein with respect to cash payments in lieu of the issuance of fractional shares, and without regard to any exchange of consideration in connection with an automatic Cashless Exercise pursuant to Section 3(c) above or similar event, upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate the Holder shall not otherwise be entitled to receive cash or Warrant Shares that are registered under the Securities Act.
 
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Section 4.             Adjustment to Number of Warrant Shares, Exercise Price, etc.  The number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in this Section 4.

(a)          Adjustment to Number of Warrant Shares Upon Reorganizations, Reclassifications, etc.  In the event of any changes in the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Company by reason of redemptions, recapitalizations, reclassifications, combinations or exchanges of shares, splits or reverse splits, separations, reorganizations, liquidations, substitutions, replacements or the like (any of the foregoing or combination thereof being a “Share Reorganization”), the number and class of Warrant Shares available upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate in the aggregate and the Exercise Price shall be correspondingly adjusted to give the Holder of this Warrant Certificate, on exercise for the same Aggregate Exercise Price, the total number, class, and kind of shares as the Holder would have owned had this Warrant Certificate been exercised prior to any such event and had the Holder continued to hold such Warrant Shares until after the event requiring adjustment.  The form of this Warrant Certificate need not be changed because of any adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares subject to this Warrant Certificate.
 
(b)          Adjustment to Exercise Price Upon a Share Distribution.  Subject to clause (iv) below, if the Company consummates or effects any Share Distribution for a price per Ordinary Share less than the Exercise Price then in effect, then, effective upon such Share Distribution, the Exercise Price shall be reduced to a price determined by multiplying the Exercise Price then in effect by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the sum of (A) the number of Ordinary Shares Deemed Outstanding immediately prior to such Share Distribution multiplied by the Exercise Price then in effect, plus (B) the consideration, if any, received by the Company upon such Share Distribution, and the denominator of which shall be the product of (1) the total number of Ordinary Shares Deemed Outstanding immediately after such Share Distribution multiplied by (2) the Exercise Price then in effect.  For purposes of this Section 4(b):
 
(i)          In the event Options or Convertible Shares are included in any such Share Distribution, the price per Ordinary Share deemed to have been issued or sold as a result of the sale or issuance of such Options or Convertible Shares, shall be equal to the price per Ordinary Share for which Ordinary Shares are issuable upon the exercise of such Options or upon conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities, as the case may be (determined by dividing (x) the aggregate amount, if any, received or receivable by the Company as consideration for the issuance, sale, distribution or grant of such Options or Convertible Securities, plus the minimum aggregate amount of additional consideration payable to the Company, if any, upon the exercise of all such Options or the conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities (as the case may be), by (y) the total maximum number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon the exercise of such Options or upon the conversion or exchange of all such Convertible Securities).
 
(ii)          The provisions of this Section 4(b) shall not in any event operate to increase the Exercise Price.
 
(iii)          This Section 4(b) shall not apply to any of the following:
 

(A)
Any issuance, sale or other distribution of Ordinary Shares, Options or Convertible Securities pursuant to (i) any Share Organization, which shall instead be governed by Section 4(a) above, or (ii) any dividend or distribution to holders of Ordinary Shares, which shall instead by governed by Section 4(c) below.
 
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(B)
The issuance of Ordinary Shares upon exercise of any Options or Convertible Securities included in the Ordinary Shares Deemed Outstanding as of the Issue Date.
 

(C)
The grant or issuance of Ordinary Shares, Options or Convertible Securities to board members, officers, employees, consultants or other service providers of the Company pursuant to any employee incentive plan, employee share purchase plan or similar equity-based benefit plans approved by the Company’s Board; provided that the total number of securities issued under this sub-clause for a price per share less than the Exercise Price shall not constitute more than seven percent (7%) of the total number of Ordinary Shares Deemed Outstanding at any time.
 

(D)
The issuance or grant of Ordinary Shares, Options or Convertible Securities in connection with Permitted Acquisitions by the Company, or in connection with other transactions or financings with material strategic partners, in each case approved by the Company’s Board; provided, that the total number of securities issued or granted under this sub-clause for a price per share less than the Exercise Price shall not constitute more than seven percent (7%) of the total number of Ordinary Shares Deemed Outstanding at any time.
 
(c)          Adjustment to Number of Warrant Shares Upon Dividends, Distributions, etc.  If the Company declares or pays a dividend or distribution on its outstanding Ordinary Shares payable in cash, Equity Interests or other property, the Holder shall be entitled to receive, at the time such dividend or distribution is paid, without additional cost to the Holder, the total number and kind of cash, Equity Interests or other property which the Holder would have received had the Holder owned the Warrant Shares of record as of the date such dividend or distribution was paid.
 
(d)          Certificate as to Adjustment.
 
(i)          As promptly as reasonably practicable following any change or adjustment of the type described above in this Section 4, but in any event not later than ten (10) Business Days thereafter, the Company shall furnish to the Holder a certificate of a Responsible Officer setting forth in reasonable detail such adjustment and the facts upon which it is based and certifying the calculation thereof.
 
(ii)          As promptly as reasonably practicable following the receipt by the Company of a written request by the Holder, but in any event not later than ten (10) Business Days thereafter, the Company shall furnish to the Holder a certificate of a Responsible Officer certifying the number of Warrant Shares or the amount, if any, of other shares, securities or assets then issuable upon exercise of the Warrant Certificate.

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(e)          Notices. In the event that, at any time during the Exercise Period the Company shall take a record of the holders of its outstanding shares (or other Equity Interests at the time issuable upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate) for the purpose of:
 
(i)          entitling or enabling such holders to receive any dividend or other distribution, to receive any right to subscribe for or purchase any shares of any class or any other securities, or to receive any other security;
 
(ii)          (x) any capital reorganization of the Company, any reclassification of any outstanding securities, any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into another Person,  or (y) a Sale of the Company; or
 
(iii)          the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding-up bankruptcy or similar event involving the Company;
 
then, and in each such case, the Company shall send or cause to be sent to the Holder at least ten (10) Business Days prior to the applicable record date or the applicable expected effective date, as the case may be, for the event, a written notice specifying, as the case may be, (A) the record date for such dividend, distribution or other right or action, and a description of such dividend, distribution or other right or action, or (B) the effective date on which such reorganization, reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up is proposed to take place, and the date, if any is to be fixed, as of which the books of the Company shall close or a record shall be taken with respect to which the holders of record of its shares (or such other Equity Interests at the time issuable upon exercise of the Warrant Certificate) shall be entitled to exchange their shares (or such other Equity Interests), for securities or other property deliverable upon such reorganization, reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up, and the amount per share and character of such exchange applicable to the Warrant Certificate and the Warrant Shares.  The above notwithstanding, the Company shall not be required to provide the Holder with notice containing such information if the Company reasonably believes that it constitutes material non-public information, unless the Holder (i) confirms to the Company in writing that it consents to receive such information, and (ii) executes a customary market standstill or equivalent agreement pursuant to which the Holder will agree not to trade in the Company’s shares or other equity interests while in possession of such material non-public information or until such information is no longer material or non-public.
 
Section 5.          Warrant Register.  The Company shall keep and properly maintain at its principal executive offices a register (the “Warrant Register”) for the registration of this Warrant Certificate and any transfers thereof.  The Company may deem and treat the Person in whose name this Warrant Certificate is registered on such register as the Holder thereof for all purposes, and the Company shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary, except any assignment, division, combination or other transfer of this Warrant Certificate effected in accordance with the provisions of this Warrant Certificate.
 
Section 6.          Transfer of Warrant Certificate.  Subject to Section 10 hereof, this Warrant Certificate and all rights hereunder are transferable, in whole or in part, by the Holder without charge to the Holder, upon surrender of this Warrant Certificate to the Company at its then principal executive offices with a properly completed and duly executed Assignment in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B.  Upon such compliance, surrender and delivery, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates in the name of the assignee or assignees and in the denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant Certificate evidencing the portion of this Warrant Certificate, if any, not so assigned, and this Warrant Certificate shall promptly be cancelled.

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Section 7.          The Holder Not Deemed a Shareholder; Limitations on Liability.  Except as otherwise specifically provided herein (including in 4(c) above and Section 11 below), (i) prior to the Exercise Date, the Holder shall not be entitled to receive dividends, nor shall anything contained in this Warrant Certificate be construed to confer upon the Holder, as such, any of the rights of a shareholder of the Company or any right to receive dividends or subscription rights, and (ii) prior to the registration of the Holder in the share register of the Company with respect to the Warrant Shares to which the Holder is then entitled to receive upon the due exercise of this Warrant Certificate, the Holder shall not be entitled to vote, nor shall anything contained in this Warrant Certificate be construed to confer upon the Holder, as such, any right to vote, give or withhold consent to any corporate action (whether any reorganization, issue of shares, reclassification of shares, consolidation, merger, conveyance or otherwise) or receive notice of meetings.  In addition, nothing contained in this Warrant Certificate shall be construed as imposing any liabilities on the Holder to purchase any securities (upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate or otherwise) or as a shareholder of the Company, whether such liabilities are asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.  Notwithstanding this Section 7, the Company shall provide the Holder with copies of the same notices and other information given to all shareholders of the Company generally, contemporaneously with the giving thereof to such shareholders, unless such notice or information had been made publicly available on the SEC’s EDGAR system website.
 
Section 8.             Replacement on Loss; Division and Combination.
 
(a)          Replacement of Warrant Certificate on Loss.  Subject to any further requirements in relation to the cancellation of this Warrant Certificate pursuant to applicable Law, upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant Certificate and upon delivery of an indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it (it being understood that a written indemnification agreement or affidavit of loss of the Holder shall be a sufficient indemnity) and, in case of mutilation, upon surrender of such Warrant Certificate for cancellation to the Company, the Company at its own expense shall execute and deliver to the Holder, in lieu hereof, a new Warrant Certificate of like tenor and exercisable for an equivalent number of Warrant Shares as this Warrant Certificate so lost, stolen, mutilated or destroyed; provided that, in the case of mutilation, no indemnity shall be required if this Warrant Certificate in identifiable form is surrendered to the Company for cancellation.
 
(b)          Division and Combination of Warrant Certificate.  Subject to compliance with the applicable provisions of this Warrant Certificate as to any transfer or other assignment which may be involved in such division or combination, this Warrant Certificate may be divided or, following any such division of this Warrant Certificate, subsequently combined with other Warrant Certificates, upon the surrender of this Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates to the Company at its then principal executive offices, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrant Certificates are to be issued, signed by each applicable Holder or its agents or attorneys.  Subject to compliance with the applicable provisions of this Warrant Certificate as to any transfer or assignment which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall at its own expense execute and deliver a new Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates in exchange for this Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates so surrendered in accordance with such notice.  Such new Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates shall be of like tenor to the surrendered Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates and shall be exercisable in the aggregate for an equivalent number of Warrant Shares as this Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates so surrendered in accordance with such notice.

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Section 9.             Disputes; No Impairment, etc.  The parties hereto agree as follows:
 
(a)          Disputes.  In the event of any dispute which arises between the Holder and the Company (including the Board of the Company) with respect to the calculation or determination of Fair Market Value, VWAP, the adjusted Exercise Price, the number of Warrant Shares, other Equity Interests, cash or other property issuable upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate, the amount or type of consideration due to the Holder in connection with any event, transaction or other matter described in Section 4 above or any other matter involving this Warrant Certificate or the Warrant Shares that is not resolved by the parties after good faith discussions and efforts to reach resolution, upon the request of the Holder the disputed issue(s) shall be submitted to a firm of independent investment bankers or public accountants of recognized national standing, which (i) shall be chosen by the Company and be reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and (ii) shall be completely independent of the Company (an “Independent Advisor”), for determination, and such determination by the Independent Advisor shall be binding upon the Company and the Holder with respect to this Warrant, any Shares issued in connection herewith or the matter in dispute, as the case may be, absent manifest error.  Costs and expenses of the Independent Advisor shall be shared 50/50 by the Company and the Holder.
 
(b)          Equitable Equivalent.  In case any event shall occur as to which the provisions of Section 9(a) above are not strictly applicable but the failure to make any adjustment would not, in the reasonable, good faith opinion of the Holder, fairly protect the rights and benefits of the Holder represented by this Warrant Certificate in accordance with the essential intent and principles of Section 9(a), then, in any such case, at the request of the Holder, the Company shall submit the matter and issues raised by the Holder to an Independent Advisor, which shall give its opinion upon the adjustment, if any, on a basis consistent with the essential intent and principles established in Section 9(a), to the extent necessary to preserve, without dilution, the rights and benefits represented by this Warrant Certificate.  Upon receipt of such opinion, the Company will promptly mail a copy thereof to the Holder and shall make the adjustments described therein, if any.  Costs and expenses of the Independent Advisor shall be shared 50/50 by the Company and the Holder.
 
(c)          No Avoidance.  The Company shall not, by way of amendment of any of its Charter or other Organic Documents or through any consolidation, merger, reorganization, transfer of assets, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant Certificate, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order to protect the rights of the Holder against impairment as if the Holder was a shareholder of the Company entitled to the benefit of fiduciary duties afforded to shareholders under Delaware law.

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Section 10.          Compliance with the Securities Act.
 
(a)          Agreement to Comply with the Securities Act, etc.
 
(i)          Legend.  The Holder, by acceptance of this Warrant Certificate, agrees to comply in all respects with the provisions of this Section 10 and the restrictive legend requirements set forth on the face of this Warrant Certificate and further agrees that it shall not offer, sell or otherwise dispose of this Warrant Certificate or any Warrant Shares to be issued upon exercise hereof except under circumstances that will not result in a violation of the Securities Act.  Subject to clause (ii) below, this Warrant Certificate and all Warrant Shares issued upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate (unless registered under the Securities Act) shall be stamped or imprinted with a legend in substantially the following form:
 
“THIS WARRANT CERTIFICATE AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS WARRANT CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”), OR QUALIFIED UNDER ANY STATE OR FOREIGN SECURITIES LAWS AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED UNLESS (I) A REGISTRATION STATEMENT COVERING THE OFFER AND SALE OF SUCH SECURITIES IS EFFECTIVE UNDER THE ACT AND IS QUALIFIED UNDER APPLICABLE STATE AND FOREIGN LAW OR (II) THE TRANSACTION IS EXEMPT FROM THE REGISTRATION AND PROSPECTUS DELIVERY REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE ACT AND THE QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS UNDER APPLICABLE STATE AND FOREIGN LAW AND, IN EACH CASE, IF THE COMPANY REQUESTS, AN OPINION SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY TO SUCH EFFECT HAS BEEN RENDERED BY COUNSEL.”
 
(ii)          Removal of Restrictive Legends.  Neither this Warrant Certificate nor any certificates evidencing Warrant Shares issuable or deliverable under or in connection with this Warrant Certificate shall contain any legend restricting the transfer thereof (including the legend set forth above in clause (i)) in any of the following circumstances:  (A) following any sale of this Warrant Certificate or any Warrant Shares issued or delivered to the Holder under or in connection here with pursuant to Rule 144, (B) if this Warrant Certificate or Warrant Shares are eligible for sale under clause (b)(1) of Rule 144, or (C) if such legend is not required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the SEC) (collectively, the “Unrestricted Conditions”).  If the Unrestricted Conditions are met at the time of issuance of this Warrant Certificate or Warrant Shares, as the case may be, to the reasonable satisfaction of Company’s counsel, the Warrant Certificate or Warrant Shares, as the case may be, shall be issued free of all legends.

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(iii)          Replacement Warrant Certificate.  The Company agrees that at such time as the Unrestricted Conditions have been satisfied it shall promptly (but in any event within ten (10) Business Days) following written request from the Holder issue a replacement Warrant Certificate or replacement Warrant Shares, as the case may be, free of all restrictive legends.
 
(iv)          Sale of Unlegended Shares.  The Holder agrees that the removal of the restrictive legend from this Warrant Certificate and any certificates representing securities as set forth in Section 10(a)(ii) above is predicated upon the Company’s reliance that the Holder will sell this Warrant Certificate or any such securities pursuant to either an effective Registration Statement or otherwise pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, including any applicable prospectus delivery requirements, or an exemption therefrom, and that if such securities are sold pursuant to a Registration Statement, they will be sold in compliance with the plan of distribution set forth therein.
 
(b)          Representations of the Holder.  In connection with the issuance of this Warrant Certificate, the Holder represents, as of the Issue Date, to the Company by acceptance of this Warrant Certificate as follows:
 
(i)          The Holder is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act.  The Holder is acquiring this Warrant Certificate and the Warrant Shares to be issued upon exercise hereof for investment for its own account and not with a view towards, or for resale in connection with, the public sale or distribution of this Warrant Certificate or the Warrant Shares, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act.
 
(ii)          The Holder understands and acknowledges that this Warrant Certificate and the Warrant Shares to be issued upon exercise hereof are “restricted securities” under the Securities Act inasmuch as they are being acquired from the Company in a transaction not involving a public offering and that, under such Laws and applicable regulations, such securities may be resold without registration under the Securities Act only in certain limited circumstances.  In addition, the Holder represents that it is familiar with Rule 144, as presently in effect, and understands the resale limitations imposed thereby and by the Securities Act.
 
(iii)          The Holder acknowledges that it can bear the economic and financial risk of its investment for an indefinite period and has such knowledge and experience in financial or business matters that it is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the investment in this Warrant Certificate and the Warrant Shares.  The Holder has had an opportunity to ask questions and receive answers from the Company regarding the terms and conditions of the offering of this Warrant Certificate and the business, properties, prospects and financial condition of the Company.
 
Section 11.          Pre-Emptive Rights.  In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 4 above, if at any time the Company grants, issues, offers or sells (i) any Ordinary Shares or (ii) any options, convertible securities or rights to purchase shares, warrants, securities or other property, in each case pro rata to the record holders of Ordinary Shares (the “Pre-emptive Rights”), then the Holder shall be entitled to (but shall not be obligated to) acquire, upon the same terms applicable to such Pre-emptive Rights, the aggregate Pre-emptive Rights which the Holder would have acquired if the Holder had held the number of Warrant Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant Certificate immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Pre-emptive Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Pre-emptive Rights.

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Section 12.          Notices.  All notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given: (i) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (ii) when received by the addressee if sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier (receipt requested); (iii) on the date sent by e-mail of a PDF document (with confirmation of transmission) if sent during normal business hours of the recipient, and on the next Business Day if sent after normal business hours of the recipient, in each case provided that sender did not receive an automated failed delivery notification; or (iv) on the third day after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid.  Such communications must be sent to the respective parties at the addresses indicated below (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified in a notice given in accordance with this Section 12).
 
If to the Company:               Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
c/o Foamix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
520 U.S. Highway 22
Suite 204
Bridgewater, NJ 08807
Attn:         General Counsel
Tel.:           908-458-9213
Email:       mutya.harsch@foamix.com
 
 with a copy to (which shall not qualify as notice to any party hereto):
 
Cooley LLP
55 Hudson Yards
New York, NY 10001-2157
Attention: Patrick J. Flanagan

Fax:
(212) 479-6275
Email:         pflanagan@cooley.com
 
17


If to the Holder:

OrbiMed Royalty & Credit Opportunities III, LP]
c/o OrbiMed Advisors LLC
601 Lexington Avenue, 54th Floor
New York, NY 10022
Attention: Matthew Rizzo; OrbiMed Credit Report
E-mail: rizzom@orbimed.com; ROSCreditops@orbimed.com

with a copy to (which shall not qualify as notice to any party hereto):
 
Morrison & Foerster LLP
250 West 55th Street
New York, NY 10019
Attention: Mark Wojciechowski, Esq.
Facsimile: (212) 468-7900
E-mail: mwojciechowski@mofo.com

Section 13.          Cumulative Remedies.  Except to the extent expressly provided in Section 6 to the contrary, the rights and remedies provided in this Warrant Certificate are cumulative and are not exclusive of, and are in addition to and not in substitution for, any other rights or remedies available at Law, in equity or otherwise.
 
Section 14.          Entire Agreement.  This Warrant Certificate constitutes the sole and entire agreement of the parties to this Warrant Certificate with respect to the subject matter contained herein and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous understandings and agreements, both written and oral, with respect to such subject matter.
 
Section 15.          Successor and Assigns.  This Warrant Certificate and the rights evidenced hereby shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and the successors of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of the Holder.  Such successor or permitted assign of the Holder shall be deemed to be the “Holder” for all purposes hereunder.
 
Section 16.           No Third-Party Beneficiaries.  This Warrant Certificate is for the sole benefit of the Company and the Holder and their respective successors and, in the case of the Holder, permitted assigns, and nothing herein, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any other Person any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever, under or by reason of this Warrant Certificate.
 
Section 17.           Headings.  The headings in this Warrant Certificate are for reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of this Warrant Certificate.
 
Section 18.          Amendment and Modification; Waiver.  Except as otherwise provided herein, this Warrant Certificate may only be amended, modified or supplemented by an agreement in writing signed by each party hereto.  No waiver by the Company or the Holder of any of the provisions hereof shall be effective unless explicitly set forth in writing and signed by the party so waiving.  No waiver by any party shall operate or be construed as a waiver in respect of any failure, breach or default not expressly identified by such written waiver, whether of a similar or different character, and whether occurring before or after that waiver.  No failure to exercise, or delay in exercising, any rights, remedy, power or privilege arising from this Warrant Certificate shall operate or be construed as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege.
 
Section 19.          Severability.  If any term or provision of this Warrant Certificate is invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other term or provision of this Warrant Certificate or invalidate or render unenforceable such term or provision in any other jurisdiction.

18

 
Section 20.          Governing Law.  This Warrant Certificate shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal Laws of the State of New York without effect to any choice or conflict of Law provision or rule (whether of the State of New York or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of Laws of any jurisdiction other than those of the State of New York.
 
Section 21.          Submission to Jurisdiction.  Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based on this Warrant Certificate or the transactions contemplated hereby may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States or the courts of the State of New York, in each case located in the city and county of New York. Each party irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. Service of process, summons, notice or other document by certified or registered mail to such party’s address set forth in Section 12 shall be effective service of process for any suit, action or other proceeding, and the parties irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in such courts and irrevocably waive and agree not to plead or claim in any such court that any such suit, action or proceeding has been brought in an inconvenient forum.
 
Section 22.          Counterparts.  This Warrant Certificate may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall be deemed to be one and the same agreement.  A signed copy of this Warrant Certificate delivered by facsimile, e-mail or other means of electronic transmission shall be deemed to have the same legal effect as delivery of an original signed copy of this Warrant Certificate.
 
Section 23.          No Strict Construction.  This Warrant Certificate shall be construed without regard to any presumption or rule requiring construction or interpretation against the party drafting an instrument or causing any instrument to be drafted.
 
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

19


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has duly executed this Warrant Certificate on the Issue Date.

FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.

By: /s/ David Domzalski
Name: David Domzalski
Title: Chief Executive Officer

By: /s/ Ilan Hadar
Name: Ilan Hadar
Title: Chief Financial Officer




Accepted and agreed,

ORBIMED ROYALTY & CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES III, LP

By: ORBIMED ADVISORS LLC, its investment manager

By:  /s/ Sven H. Borho
Name:  Sven H. Borho
Title:  Member



Exhibit A
to Warrant Certificate
 
FORM OF EXERCISE CERTIFICATE
 
(To be signed only upon exercise of Warrant Certificate)

To:
Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
c/o Foamix Pharmaceuticals Inc.
520 U.S. Highway 22
Suite 204
Bridgewater, NJ 08807
Attention: General Counsel

The undersigned, as holder of a right to purchase Warrant Shares (as defined in the Warrant Certificate) of Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd., an Israeli company with limited liability (the “Company”), pursuant to that certain Warrant Certificate of the Company, dated as of July 29, 2019 (the “Warrant Certificate”), a copy of which is attached to this Exercise Certificate, hereby irrevocably elects to exercise the purchase right represented by such Warrant Certificate for, and to purchase thereunder, [________ (_____)] Warrant Shares of the Company and herewith makes payment with this Exercise Certificate of the Aggregate Exercise Price therefor by the following method:
 
The undersigned hereby elects to make payment of the Aggregate Exercise Price of [                                      Dollars ($                )] for (            ) Ordinary Shares using the method described in Section 3(b)(i).
 
The undersigned hereby elects to make payment of the Aggregate Exercise Price of [                                      Dollars ($                )] for (            ) Ordinary Shares using the method described in Section 3(b)(ii).
 
The undersigned hereby elects to make payment of the Aggregate Exercise Price of [                Dollars ($              )] for (            ) Ordinary Shares using the method described in Section 3(b)(iii).
 
  Unless otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms have the meanings provided in the Warrant Certificate.
 
  DATED: ______________
 
[HOLDER]

By _______________________________________
Name:
Title:

Exhibit A-1

Exhibit B
to Warrant Certificate
 
FORM OF ASSIGNMENT
 
[DATE OF ASSIGNMENT]
 
THE UNDERSIGNED, [NAME OF HOLDER], is the holder (in such capacity, the “Holder”) of a warrant certificate issued by Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd., an Israeli company with limited liability (the “Warrant Certificate” and the “Company”, respectively), entitling the Holder to purchase up to [___] Warrant Shares (as defined in the Warrant Certificate).  Unless otherwise defined, capitalized terms used herein have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Warrant Certificate.
 
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the Holder hereby sells, assigns and transfers to [NAME OF ASSIGNEE] (the “Assignee”) the right to acquire [all Warrant Shares entitled to be purchased upon exercise of the Warrant Certificate] [______ of the Warrant Shares entitled to be purchased upon exercise of the Warrant Certificate].  In furtherance of the foregoing assignment, the Holder hereby irrevocably instructs the Company to (i) memorialize such assignment on the Warrant Register as required pursuant to Section 5 of the Warrant Certificate, and (ii) pursuant to Section 6 of the Warrant Certificate, execute and deliver to the Assignee [and the Holder][a new Warrant Certificate][new Warrant Certificates] reflecting the foregoing assignment ([each] a “Substitute Warrant Certificate”).
 
The Assignee acknowledges and agrees that its Substitute Warrant Certificate and the Warrant Shares to be issued upon exercise thereof are being acquired for investment and that the Assignee will not offer, sell or otherwise dispose of its Substitute Warrant Certificate or any Warrant Shares to be issued upon exercise or conversion thereof except under circumstances which will not result in a violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities laws.  The Assignee represents and warrants for the benefit of the Company that the Assignee is an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act.
 
To the extent required pursuant to Section 10(a) of the Warrant Certificate, the Assignee acknowledges and agrees that a restrictive legend shall be applied to the Assignee’s Substitute Warrant and the Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of such certificate substantially consistent with the legend set forth in Section 10(a)(i).
 
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

Exhibit B-1


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto agree as set forth above as of the date first written above.

[HOLDER]

By _______________________________________
Name:
Title:

Accepted and agreed,

[NAME OF ASSIGNEE]

By _______________________________________
Name:
Title:

Exhibit B-2


Exhibit 10.4

WARRANT CERTIFICATE
 
THIS WARRANT CERTIFICATE AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS WARRANT CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR QUALIFIED UNDER ANY STATE OR FOREIGN SECURITIES LAWS AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED UNLESS (I) A REGISTRATION STATEMENT COVERING THE OFFER AND SALE OF SUCH SECURITIES IS EFFECTIVE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT AND IS QUALIFIED UNDER APPLICABLE STATE AND FOREIGN LAW OR (II) THE TRANSACTION IS EXEMPT FROM THE REGISTRATION AND PROSPECTUS DELIVERY REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT AND THE QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS UNDER APPLICABLE STATE AND FOREIGN LAW AND, IN EACH CASE, IF THE COMPANY REQUESTS, AN OPINION SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY TO SUCH EFFECT HAS BEEN RENDERED BY COUNSEL.
 
Warrant Shares Issuable:          550,000 Ordinary Shares
 
Issue Date:                                July 29, 2019
 
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD, an Israeli company with limited liability (the “Company”), hereby certifies that PERCEPTIVE CREDIT HOLDINGS II, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Initial Holder” and, together with its successors and permitted transferees and assigns, a “Holder”) is entitled to purchase, at the per share Exercise Price, up to five hundred fifty thousand (550,000) fully paid and nonassessable Ordinary Shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”), all subject to the terms, conditions and adjustments set forth below in this Warrant Certificate.  Certain capitalized terms used herein are defined in Section 1.
 
This Warrant Certificate has been issued as a condition precedent to the making of loans under and pursuant to the Credit Agreement and Guaranty, dated as of July 29, 2019 (as amended or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among the Company, as parent guarantor, Foamix Pharmaceuticals Inc., as borrower, certain Subsidiaries of the Company from time to time party thereto, the lenders from time to time party thereto, and Perceptive Credit Holdings II, LP, as the administrative agent for the lenders.
 
Section 1.          Definitions.  Capitalized terms used in this Warrant Certificate but not defined herein have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Credit Agreement as in effect on the date hereof.  The following terms when used herein have the following meanings:
 
Aggregate Exercise Price” means, with respect to any exercise of this Warrant Certificate for Warrant Shares, an amount equal to the product of (i) the number of Warrant Shares in respect of which this Warrant Certificate is then being exercised pursuant to Section 3, multiplied by (ii) the Exercise Price.


 
Bloomberg” has the meaning set forth within the definition of “VWAP”.
 
Cashless Exercise” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(b).
 
Charter” means the Articles of Association of the Company, filed with the Israeli Companies Registrar on January 19, 2003.
 
Company” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
 
Convertible Securities” means any Equity Interests that, directly or indirectly, are convertible into or exchangeable for Ordinary Shares.
 
Credit Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
 
Determination Date” has the meaning set forth in the definition of “VWAP”.
 
Exercise Certificate” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(a)(i).
 
Exercise Date” means, for any given exercise of this Warrant Certificate, whether in whole or in part, a Business Day on which the conditions to such exercise as set forth in Section 3 shall have been satisfied at or prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, including, without limitation, the receipt by the Company of the Exercise Certificate.
 
Exercise Period” means the period from (and including) the Issue Date to (and including) 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the Expiration Date.
 
Exercise Price” means $2.09.
 
Expiration Date” means July 29, 2026.
 
Fair Market Value” means, if the Ordinary Shares are traded on a Trading Market, (i) the VWAP of such Ordinary Shares for such day or (ii) if there have been no sales of such Ordinary Shares on any Trading Market on any such day, the average of the highest bid and lowest asked prices for such Ordinary Shares on all applicable Trading Markets at the end of such day; provided that if at any time the Ordinary Shares are not listed, quoted or otherwise available for trading on any Trading Market (so that no Trading Date shall have occurred), or if VWAP cannot be calculated for the Ordinary Shares for such day for any other reason, the “Fair Market Value” of such Ordinary Shares shall be the fair market value per share of such Ordinary Shares as determined jointly by the Company and the Holder; provided further, that, in the event the Company and Holder are unable to so mutually agree, Fair Market Value shall be determined pursuant to Section 9(a).
 
Holder” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
 
Independent Advisor” has the meaning set forth in Section 9(a).
 
Initial Holder” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
 
Issue Date” means the date designated as such on the first page of this Warrant Certificate.

2

 
Marketable Securities” means equity securities meeting each of the following requirements: (i) the issuer thereof is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and is current in its filing of all required reports and other information under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act; (ii) such equity securities are traded on a Trading Market; and (iii) if delivered (or to be delivered) as payment or compensation to the Holder in connection with an automatic Cashless Exercise pursuant to Section 3(c), following the closing of the related Sale of the Company, the Holder would not be restricted from publicly re-selling all of such equity securities delivered to it, except to the extent that any such restriction (x) arises solely under federal or state securities laws, rules or regulations, or (y) does not extend beyond six (6) months from the closing of such Sale of the Company to the extent such restrictions may be lifted at such time under the applicable federal or state securities laws, rules or regulations.
 
Nasdaq” means The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc.
 
NYSE” means the New York Stock Exchange.
 
Options” means any warrants, options or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase Ordinary Shares or Convertible Securities.
 
Ordinary Shares” means the Company’s ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.16 per share, which carry voting rights.
 
OTC Bulletin Board” means the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. OTC Bulletin Board.
 
Ordinary Shares Deemed Outstanding” means, at any given time, the sum of (i) the number of Ordinary Shares actually outstanding at such time, plus (ii) the number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of Options actually outstanding at such time, plus (iii) the number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon conversion or exchange of Convertible Securities actually outstanding at such time (treating as actually outstanding any Convertible Securities issuable upon exercise of Options actually outstanding at such time), in each case, regardless of whether the Options or Convertible Securities are actually exercisable at such time; provided that Ordinary Shares Deemed Outstanding at any given time shall not include shares owned or held by or for the account of the Company or any or its wholly owned subsidiaries.
 
Pre-emptive Rights” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.
 
Registration Statement” means, in connection with any public offering of securities, any registration statement required pursuant to the Securities Act that covers the offer and sales of any such securities, including any prospectus, amendments or supplements to such Registration Statement, including post-effective amendments and all exhibits and all materials incorporated by reference in such Registration Statement.
 
Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act.
 
Sale of the Company” means a transaction pursuant to which (i) (x) any Person or group of Persons acting jointly or otherwise in concert (other than the Holder and any other parties to the Credit Agreement) acquires ownership, directly or indirectly, beneficially or of record, of Equity Interests of the Borrower having more than fifty percent (50%) of the aggregate ordinary voting power, determined on a fully diluted basis, (y) any Person or group of Persons acting jointly or otherwise in concert (other than the Holder and any other parties to the Credit Agreement) acquires, by Contract or otherwise, the right to appoint or elect a majority of the Board of the Company, or (z) all or substantially all of the assets of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, are sold, and (ii) all Obligations (as defined in the Credit Agreement) outstanding under the Credit Agreement are to be paid in full in cash, whether pursuant to the terms of the transaction, pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement (including Section 11 thereof) or otherwise.

3

 
SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor thereto.
 
Share Distribution” means any issuance or sale by the Company of any of its Ordinary Shares, Options or Convertible Securities, other than in connection with a dividend or distribution to holders of its Ordinary Shares of the type described in Section 4(c) below.
 
Share Reorganization” has the meaning set forth in Section 4(a).
 
Trading Day” means, with respect to the Ordinary Shares or any other Marketable Securities, a date on which the relevant Trading Market is open and conducting business.
 
Trading Market” means, with respect to the Ordinary Shares or any other Marketable Securities, the Nasdaq, the NYSE or the OTC Bulletin Board.
 
Unrestricted Conditions” has the meaning set forth in Section 10(a)(ii).
 
VWAP” means, with respect to any Ordinary Shares, as of any day of determination (a “Determination Date”), the volume weighted average sale price for the period of five (5) consecutive Trading Days immediately preceding such Determination Date on the Trading Market for such Ordinary Shares as reported by, or based upon data reported by, Bloomberg Financial Markets or an equivalent, reliable reporting service reasonably acceptable to the Holder and the Company (collectively, “Bloomberg”) or, if the volume weighted average sale price has not been reported for such security by Bloomberg for such five (5) day period, then the simple average of the last closing trade prices of such security for such five (5) day period, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if no last closing trade price is reported for such security by Bloomberg, the simple average of the bid prices of any market makers for such security that are listed in the over the counter market by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. or on the OTC Bulletin Board (or any successor) or in the “pink sheets” (or any successor) by the OTC Markets Group, Inc. over such five (5) day period; provided that if VWAP cannot be calculated for such security on such date in the manner provided above (including because the applicable security is not listed or publicly traded), the VWAP shall be the Fair Market Value as mutually determined by the Company and the Holder; provided further that, in the event the Company and Holder are unable to so mutually agree, Fair Market Value shall be determined pursuant to Section 9(a).
 
Warrant Certificate” means this Warrant Certificate and all subsequent warrant certificates issued upon division, combination or transfer of, or in substitution for, this Warrant Certificate.
 
Warrant Register” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.

4

 
Warrant Shares” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
 
Section 2.            Term of Warrant Certificate.  Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, from time to time during the Exercise Period, the Holder of this Warrant Certificate may exercise this Warrant Certificate for all or any part of the Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder (subject to adjustment as provided herein).
 
Section 3.             Exercise of Warrant Certificate.
 
(a)          Exercise Procedure.  This Warrant Certificate may be exercised from time to time on any Business Day during the Exercise Period, for all or any part of the unexercised Warrant Shares, provided, however, that any partial exercise shall be for not less than 50,000 Warrant Shares at a time, upon:
 
(i)          delivery to the Company at its then registered office of a duly completed and executed Exercise Certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (each, an “Exercise Certificate”), which certificate will specify the number of Warrant Shares to be purchased and the Aggregate Exercise Price; and
 
(ii)          simultaneously with the delivery of the Exercise Certificate, payment to the Company of the Aggregate Exercise Price in accordance with Section 3(b).
 
(b)          Payment of the Aggregate Exercise Price.  Payment of the Aggregate Exercise Price shall be made, at the option of the Holder as set forth in the applicable Exercise Certificate, by any of the following methods:
 
(i)          by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated in writing by the Company, in the amount of such Aggregate Exercise Price;
 
(ii)          by instructing the Company to withhold a number of Warrant Shares then issuable upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate with an aggregate Fair Market Value as of the Exercise Date equal to such Aggregate Exercise Price; or
 
(iii)          any combination of the foregoing.
 
In the event of any withholding of Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 3(b)(ii) or (iii) (solely to the extent of such withholding, a “Cashless Exercise”) where the number of shares whose value is equal to the Aggregate Exercise Price is not a whole number, the number of shares withheld by the Company shall be rounded up to the nearest whole share and the Company shall make a cash payment to the Holder (by delivery of a certified or official bank check or by wire transfer of immediately available funds) based on the incremental fraction of a share being so withheld by the Company in an amount equal to the product of (x) such incremental fraction of a share being so withheld multiplied by (y) the Fair Market Value per Warrant Share as of the Exercise Date.
 
(c)          Automatic Cashless Exercise.  To the extent this Warrant Certificate has not been exercised in full by the Holder prior to the earlier of (i) the occurrence of the Expiration Date, and (ii) the date on which a Sale of the Company is consummated pursuant to which the sole consideration payable to the Company or its shareholders in respect of such sale transaction consists of cash, Marketable Securities or a combination of such sale transaction, any portion of this Warrant Certificate that remains unexercised on such date shall be deemed to have been exercised automatically pursuant to a Cashless Exercise, in whole (and not in part), on the Business Day immediately preceding such date; provided, that the automatic Cashless Exercise contemplated by this Section 3(c) shall not occur in the event that, as of the Business Day immediately preceding any such date described above, the per share Fair Market Value of a Warrant Share is less than the Exercise Price per Warrant Share.

5

 
To the extent permitted by applicable Law, for purposes of Rule 144, it is acknowledged and agreed that (i) the Warrant Shares issuable upon any exercise of this Warrant Certificate in any Cashless Exercise transaction shall be deemed to have been acquired on the Issue Date, and (ii) the holding period for any Warrant Shares issuable upon the exercise of this Warrant Certificate in any Cashless Exercise transaction shall be deemed to have commenced on the Issue Date; provided that the Company makes no representation or warranty regarding the commencement of the holding period of any Warrant Share.
 
(d)          Delivery of Stock Certificates.  With respect to any exercise of this Warrant Certificate by the Holder, upon receipt by the Company of an Exercise Certificate and delivery of the Aggregate Exercise Price, the Company shall, within five (5) Business Days, deliver in accordance with the terms hereof to or upon the order of the Holder that number of Warrant Shares for the portion of this Warrant Certificate so exercised on such date, together with cash in lieu of any fraction of a share to the extent the Company elects to do so pursuant to Section 3(e) below.  If such Warrant Shares are issued in certificated form, the Company shall deliver a certificate or certificates, to the extent possible, representing the number of Warrant Shares as the Holder shall request in the Exercise Certificate. If such Warrant Shares are issued in uncertificated form, the Company shall deliver upon request a confirmation evidencing the registration of such shares.  Unless otherwise provided herein, upon any exercise hereof, this Warrant Certificate shall be deemed to have been exercised and such certificate or certificates of Warrant Shares shall be deemed to have been issued, and the Holder shall be deemed to have become a holder of record of such Warrant Shares for all purposes, as of the Exercise Date.  Unless otherwise permitted by federal or state securities laws, rules or regulations, any share certificates issued pursuant to the exercise of this Warrant Certificate will bear a legend in substantially the form set out in Section 10(a)(i) below.
 
(e)          No Fractional Shares or Scrip.  No fractional or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant Certificate. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Fair Market Value of one Warrant Share on the Exercise Date or round up to the next whole share.
 
(f)          Surrender of this Warrant Certificate; Delivery of New Warrant Certificate.
 
(i)          The Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant Certificate to the Company until this Warrant Certificate has been exercised in full by the Holder, in which case, the Holder shall, at the written request of the Company, surrender this Warrant Certificate to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Business Days after the date the final Exercise Certificate is delivered to the Company.  Partial exercises of this Warrant Certificate resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares issuable hereunder by an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares that have been issued hereunder as a result of previous exercises or withheld in connection with any Cashless Exercises.  The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares issued and purchased, the date of such issuances and purchases and the number of Warrant Shares withheld in connection with any Cashless Exercises.  The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant Certificate, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this Section 3(f), following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be fewer than the amount stated on the face hereof.

6

 
(ii)          Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that there are unexpired and unexercised Warrant Shares remaining under the Warrant Certificate, the Holder may request that the Company (and the Company shall), at the time of issuance of any Warrant Shares in accordance with Section 3(d) and the surrender of this Warrant Certificate, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant Certificate evidencing the rights of the Holder to subscribe for the unexpired and unexercised Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant Certificate.  Unless otherwise agreed upon by the Holder in its sole discretion, such new Warrant Certificate shall in all other respects be identical to this Warrant Certificate.
 
(g)          Valid Issuance of Warrant Certificate and Warrant Shares; Payment of Taxes.  With respect to the exercise of this Warrant Certificate, the Company hereby represents, warrants, covenants and agrees as follows:
 
(i)          This Warrant Certificate is, and any Warrant Certificate issued in substitution for or replacement of this Warrant Certificate shall be, upon issuance, duly authorized.
 
(ii)          All Warrant Shares issuable upon the exercise of this Warrant Certificate (or any substitute or replacement Warrant Certificate) shall be, upon issuance, and the Company shall take all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate in order that such Warrant Shares are, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, issued without violation of any preemptive or similar rights of any shareholder of the Company and free and clear of all liens and charges (other than liens or charges created by the Holder, or created with regard to income taxes or other taxes payable by the Holder incurred in connection with the exercise of the Warrant or taxes in respect of any transfer made by the Holder occurring contemporaneously therewith).
 
(iii)          The Company shall take all such actions as may be necessary to (x) comply with Section 3(i) below and (y) ensure that all such Warrant Shares are issued without violation by the Company of any applicable Law or any requirements of any foreign or domestic securities exchange upon which Warrant Shares may be listed at the time of such exercise.
 
(iv)          The Company shall exclusively bear and pay all expenses in connection with, and all governmental charges, taxes, fees, levies, withholdings and all other such payments, that may be imposed on or with respect to, the issuance of this Warrant Certificate, and the issuance or delivery of Warrant Shares pursuant to the terms of this Warrant Certificate and the Holder shall not be affected by such payments, and the Company shall not be eligible to any indemnification for such payment from the Holder.

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(v)            The Company is a corporation duly organized and validly existing under the Laws of the State of Israel and has the capacity and corporate power and authority to enter into this Warrant Certificate.
 
(vi)           The Company has taken all action required to be taken to authorize the execution, delivery and performance of this Warrant Certificate.
 
(vii)          This Warrant Certificate has been duly executed by the Company.
 
(viii)         The obligations of the Company under this Warrant Certificate are legal, valid and binding obligations, enforceable against the Company in accordance with the terms hereof, except to the extent that enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles.
 
(ix)             As of the Issue Date, the Company has complied with all obligations set forth in Section 3(i), below.
 
(h)          Conditional Exercise. Notwithstanding any other provision hereof, if an exercise of all or any portion of this Warrant Certificate is to be made in connection with a Sale of the Company, such exercise may, at the election of the Holder, be conditioned upon the consummation of such transaction, in which case such exercise shall not be deemed to be effective until immediately prior to the consummation of such transaction.
 
(i)          Reservation of Shares.  The Company shall at all times during the Exercise Period reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued Ordinary Shares or (if applicable) other securities constituting Warrant Shares, solely for the purpose of issuance upon the exercise of this Warrant Certificate, the maximum number of Warrant Shares issuable upon the exercise of this Warrant Certificate.  The Company shall not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares receivable upon the exercise of this Warrant Certificate above the Exercise Price then in effect, and shall take all such actions within its power as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant Certificate.
 
(j)          Rule 144 Compliance.  With a view to making available to the Holder the benefits of Rule 144 and any other rule or regulation of the SEC that may at any time permit a holder to sell securities of the Company to the public without registration or pursuant to a Registration Statement, the Company shall:
 
(i)          use reasonable commercial efforts to make and keep adequate public information available, as required by clause (c) of Rule 144;
 
(ii)          use reasonable commercial efforts to file with the SEC in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act (excluding, for avoidance of doubt, any prospectus or registration statement which the Company is under no obligation to file); and

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(iii)          furnish, or otherwise make available to the Holder so long as the Holder owns Warrant Shares, promptly upon request, a written statement by the Company as to its compliance with the reporting requirements of Rule 144 and the Exchange Act, a copy of the most recent annual or quarterly report of the Company, and such other reports and documents so filed or furnished by the Company as the Holder may reasonably request in connection with the sale of Ordinary Shares without registration.
 
(k)          Ownership Cap.  The Company shall not knowingly effect the exercise of this Warrant Certificate, and the Initial Holder shall not have the right to exercise this Warrant Certificate to the extent that, after giving effect to such exercise, the Initial Holder (together with its Affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the Ordinary Shares of the Company immediately after giving effect to such exercise. For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the aggregate number of Ordinary Shares owned by the Initial Holder and its Affiliates shall include the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate with respect to which the determination of such aggregate number is being made, but shall exclude Ordinary Shares (if any) that would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, unexercised portion of this Warrant Certificate beneficially owned by the Initial Holder and its Affiliates and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other Equity Interests of the Company beneficially owned by the Initial Holder and its Affiliates (including, without limitation, any convertible notes or convertible shares or warrants) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitations contained herein. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 3(k), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act.  For purposes of this Warrant Certificate, in determining the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares, the Initial Holder of this Warrant Certificate may rely on the number of such outstanding Equity Interests as reflected in the most recent of (i) the Company’s Form 10-K, Form 10-Q or other public filing with the SEC, as the case may be, if available, (ii) a more recent public announcement by the Company, or (iii) any other notice by the Company or its transfer agent setting forth the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares.  In addition, upon the written request of the Initial Holder (but not more than once during any calendar quarter), the Company shall, within three (3) Business Days, confirm to the Initial Holder the number of its outstanding Ordinary Shares. Furthermore, upon the written request of the Company (but not more than once during any calendar quarter), the Initial Holder shall promptly confirm to the Company its then current beneficial ownership with respect to the Company’s Ordinary Shares.
 
(l)          Except as expressly provided herein with respect to cash payments in lieu of the issuance of fractional shares, and without regard to any exchange of consideration in connection with an automatic Cashless Exercise pursuant to Section 3(c) above or similar event, upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate the Holder shall not otherwise be entitled to receive cash or Warrant Shares that are registered under the Securities Act.
 
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Section 4.             Adjustment to Number of Warrant Shares, Exercise Price, etc.  The number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in this Section 4.

(a)          Adjustment to Number of Warrant Shares Upon Reorganizations, Reclassifications, etc.  In the event of any changes in the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Company by reason of redemptions, recapitalizations, reclassifications, combinations or exchanges of shares, splits or reverse splits, separations, reorganizations, liquidations, substitutions, replacements or the like (any of the foregoing or combination thereof being a “Share Reorganization”), the number and class of Warrant Shares available upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate in the aggregate and the Exercise Price shall be correspondingly adjusted to give the Holder of this Warrant Certificate, on exercise for the same Aggregate Exercise Price, the total number, class, and kind of shares as the Holder would have owned had this Warrant Certificate been exercised prior to any such event and had the Holder continued to hold such Warrant Shares until after the event requiring adjustment.  The form of this Warrant Certificate need not be changed because of any adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares subject to this Warrant Certificate.
 
(b)          Adjustment to Exercise Price Upon a Share Distribution.  Subject to clause (iv) below, if the Company consummates or effects any Share Distribution for a price per Ordinary Share less than the Exercise Price then in effect, then, effective upon such Share Distribution, the Exercise Price shall be reduced to a price determined by multiplying the Exercise Price then in effect by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the sum of (A) the number of Ordinary Shares Deemed Outstanding immediately prior to such Share Distribution multiplied by the Exercise Price then in effect, plus (B) the consideration, if any, received by the Company upon such Share Distribution, and the denominator of which shall be the product of (1) the total number of Ordinary Shares Deemed Outstanding immediately after such Share Distribution multiplied by (2) the Exercise Price then in effect.  For purposes of this Section 4(b):
 
(i)          In the event Options or Convertible Shares are included in any such Share Distribution, the price per Ordinary Share deemed to have been issued or sold as a result of the sale or issuance of such Options or Convertible Shares, shall be equal to the price per Ordinary Share for which Ordinary Shares are issuable upon the exercise of such Options or upon conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities, as the case may be (determined by dividing (x) the aggregate amount, if any, received or receivable by the Company as consideration for the issuance, sale, distribution or grant of such Options or Convertible Securities, plus the minimum aggregate amount of additional consideration payable to the Company, if any, upon the exercise of all such Options or the conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities (as the case may be), by (y) the total maximum number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon the exercise of such Options or upon the conversion or exchange of all such Convertible Securities).
 
(ii)          The provisions of this Section 4(b) shall not in any event operate to increase the Exercise Price.
 
(iii)          This Section 4(b) shall not apply to any of the following:
 

(A)
Any issuance, sale or other distribution of Ordinary Shares, Options or Convertible Securities pursuant to (i) any Share Organization, which shall instead be governed by Section 4(a) above, or (ii) any dividend or distribution to holders of Ordinary Shares, which shall instead by governed by Section 4(c) below.
 
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(B)
The issuance of Ordinary Shares upon exercise of any Options or Convertible Securities included in the Ordinary Shares Deemed Outstanding as of the Issue Date.
 

(C)
The grant or issuance of Ordinary Shares, Options or Convertible Securities to board members, officers, employees, consultants or other service providers of the Company pursuant to any employee incentive plan, employee share purchase plan or similar equity-based benefit plans approved by the Company’s Board; provided that the total number of securities issued under this sub-clause for a price per share less than the Exercise Price shall not constitute more than seven percent (7%) of the total number of Ordinary Shares Deemed Outstanding at any time.
 

(D)
The issuance or grant of Ordinary Shares, Options or Convertible Securities in connection with Permitted Acquisitions by the Company, or in connection with other transactions or financings with material strategic partners, in each case approved by the Company’s Board; provided, that the total number of securities issued or granted under this sub-clause for a price per share less than the Exercise Price shall not constitute more than seven percent (7%) of the total number of Ordinary Shares Deemed Outstanding at any time.
 
(c)          Adjustment to Number of Warrant Shares Upon Dividends, Distributions, etc.  If the Company declares or pays a dividend or distribution on its outstanding Ordinary Shares payable in cash, Equity Interests or other property, the Holder shall be entitled to receive, at the time such dividend or distribution is paid, without additional cost to the Holder, the total number and kind of cash, Equity Interests or other property which the Holder would have received had the Holder owned the Warrant Shares of record as of the date such dividend or distribution was paid.
 
(d)          Certificate as to Adjustment.
 
(i)          As promptly as reasonably practicable following any change or adjustment of the type described above in this Section 4, but in any event not later than ten (10) Business Days thereafter, the Company shall furnish to the Holder a certificate of a Responsible Officer setting forth in reasonable detail such adjustment and the facts upon which it is based and certifying the calculation thereof.
 
(ii)          As promptly as reasonably practicable following the receipt by the Company of a written request by the Holder, but in any event not later than ten (10) Business Days thereafter, the Company shall furnish to the Holder a certificate of a Responsible Officer certifying the number of Warrant Shares or the amount, if any, of other shares, securities or assets then issuable upon exercise of the Warrant Certificate.

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(e)          Notices. In the event that, at any time during the Exercise Period the Company shall take a record of the holders of its outstanding shares (or other Equity Interests at the time issuable upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate) for the purpose of:
 
(i)          entitling or enabling such holders to receive any dividend or other distribution, to receive any right to subscribe for or purchase any shares of any class or any other securities, or to receive any other security;
 
(ii)          (x) any capital reorganization of the Company, any reclassification of any outstanding securities, any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into another Person,  or (y) a Sale of the Company; or
 
(iii)          the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding-up bankruptcy or similar event involving the Company;
 
then, and in each such case, the Company shall send or cause to be sent to the Holder at least ten (10) Business Days prior to the applicable record date or the applicable expected effective date, as the case may be, for the event, a written notice specifying, as the case may be, (A) the record date for such dividend, distribution or other right or action, and a description of such dividend, distribution or other right or action, or (B) the effective date on which such reorganization, reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up is proposed to take place, and the date, if any is to be fixed, as of which the books of the Company shall close or a record shall be taken with respect to which the holders of record of its shares (or such other Equity Interests at the time issuable upon exercise of the Warrant Certificate) shall be entitled to exchange their shares (or such other Equity Interests), for securities or other property deliverable upon such reorganization, reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up, and the amount per share and character of such exchange applicable to the Warrant Certificate and the Warrant Shares.  The above notwithstanding, the Company shall not be required to provide the Holder with notice containing such information if the Company reasonably believes that it constitutes material non-public information, unless the Holder (i) confirms to the Company in writing that it consents to receive such information, and (ii) executes a customary market standstill or equivalent agreement pursuant to which the Holder will agree not to trade in the Company’s shares or other equity interests while in possession of such material non-public information or until such information is no longer material or non-public.
 
Section 5.          Warrant Register.  The Company shall keep and properly maintain at its principal executive offices a register (the “Warrant Register”) for the registration of this Warrant Certificate and any transfers thereof.  The Company may deem and treat the Person in whose name this Warrant Certificate is registered on such register as the Holder thereof for all purposes, and the Company shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary, except any assignment, division, combination or other transfer of this Warrant Certificate effected in accordance with the provisions of this Warrant Certificate.
 
Section 6.          Transfer of Warrant Certificate.  Subject to Section 10 hereof, this Warrant Certificate and all rights hereunder are transferable, in whole or in part, by the Holder without charge to the Holder, upon surrender of this Warrant Certificate to the Company at its then principal executive offices with a properly completed and duly executed Assignment in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B.  Upon such compliance, surrender and delivery, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates in the name of the assignee or assignees and in the denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant Certificate evidencing the portion of this Warrant Certificate, if any, not so assigned, and this Warrant Certificate shall promptly be cancelled.

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Section 7.          The Holder Not Deemed a Shareholder; Limitations on Liability.  Except as otherwise specifically provided herein (including in 4(c) above and Section 11 below), (i) prior to the Exercise Date, the Holder shall not be entitled to receive dividends, nor shall anything contained in this Warrant Certificate be construed to confer upon the Holder, as such, any of the rights of a shareholder of the Company or any right to receive dividends or subscription rights, and (ii) prior to the registration of the Holder in the share register of the Company with respect to the Warrant Shares to which the Holder is then entitled to receive upon the due exercise of this Warrant Certificate, the Holder shall not be entitled to vote, nor shall anything contained in this Warrant Certificate be construed to confer upon the Holder, as such, any right to vote, give or withhold consent to any corporate action (whether any reorganization, issue of shares, reclassification of shares, consolidation, merger, conveyance or otherwise) or receive notice of meetings.  In addition, nothing contained in this Warrant Certificate shall be construed as imposing any liabilities on the Holder to purchase any securities (upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate or otherwise) or as a shareholder of the Company, whether such liabilities are asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.  Notwithstanding this Section 7, the Company shall provide the Holder with copies of the same notices and other information given to all shareholders of the Company generally, contemporaneously with the giving thereof to such shareholders, unless such notice or information had been made publicly available on the SEC’s EDGAR system website.
 
Section 8.             Replacement on Loss; Division and Combination.
 
(a)          Replacement of Warrant Certificate on Loss.  Subject to any further requirements in relation to the cancellation of this Warrant Certificate pursuant to applicable Law, upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant Certificate and upon delivery of an indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it (it being understood that a written indemnification agreement or affidavit of loss of the Holder shall be a sufficient indemnity) and, in case of mutilation, upon surrender of such Warrant Certificate for cancellation to the Company, the Company at its own expense shall execute and deliver to the Holder, in lieu hereof, a new Warrant Certificate of like tenor and exercisable for an equivalent number of Warrant Shares as this Warrant Certificate so lost, stolen, mutilated or destroyed; provided that, in the case of mutilation, no indemnity shall be required if this Warrant Certificate in identifiable form is surrendered to the Company for cancellation.
 
(b)          Division and Combination of Warrant Certificate.  Subject to compliance with the applicable provisions of this Warrant Certificate as to any transfer or other assignment which may be involved in such division or combination, this Warrant Certificate may be divided or, following any such division of this Warrant Certificate, subsequently combined with other Warrant Certificates, upon the surrender of this Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates to the Company at its then principal executive offices, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrant Certificates are to be issued, signed by each applicable Holder or its agents or attorneys.  Subject to compliance with the applicable provisions of this Warrant Certificate as to any transfer or assignment which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall at its own expense execute and deliver a new Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates in exchange for this Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates so surrendered in accordance with such notice.  Such new Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates shall be of like tenor to the surrendered Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates and shall be exercisable in the aggregate for an equivalent number of Warrant Shares as this Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates so surrendered in accordance with such notice.

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Section 9.             Disputes; No Impairment, etc.  The parties hereto agree as follows:
 
(a)          Disputes.  In the event of any dispute which arises between the Holder and the Company (including the Board of the Company) with respect to the calculation or determination of Fair Market Value, VWAP, the adjusted Exercise Price, the number of Warrant Shares, other Equity Interests, cash or other property issuable upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate, the amount or type of consideration due to the Holder in connection with any event, transaction or other matter described in Section 4 above or any other matter involving this Warrant Certificate or the Warrant Shares that is not resolved by the parties after good faith discussions and efforts to reach resolution, upon the request of the Holder the disputed issue(s) shall be submitted to a firm of independent investment bankers or public accountants of recognized national standing, which (i) shall be chosen by the Company and be reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and (ii) shall be completely independent of the Company (an “Independent Advisor”), for determination, and such determination by the Independent Advisor shall be binding upon the Company and the Holder with respect to this Warrant, any Shares issued in connection herewith or the matter in dispute, as the case may be, absent manifest error.  Costs and expenses of the Independent Advisor shall be shared 50/50 by the Company and the Holder.
 
(b)          Equitable Equivalent.  In case any event shall occur as to which the provisions of Section 9(a) above are not strictly applicable but the failure to make any adjustment would not, in the reasonable, good faith opinion of the Holder, fairly protect the rights and benefits of the Holder represented by this Warrant Certificate in accordance with the essential intent and principles of Section 9(a), then, in any such case, at the request of the Holder, the Company shall submit the matter and issues raised by the Holder to an Independent Advisor, which shall give its opinion upon the adjustment, if any, on a basis consistent with the essential intent and principles established in Section 9(a), to the extent necessary to preserve, without dilution, the rights and benefits represented by this Warrant Certificate.  Upon receipt of such opinion, the Company will promptly mail a copy thereof to the Holder and shall make the adjustments described therein, if any.  Costs and expenses of the Independent Advisor shall be shared 50/50 by the Company and the Holder.
 
(c)          No Avoidance.  The Company shall not, by way of amendment of any of its Charter or other Organic Documents or through any consolidation, merger, reorganization, transfer of assets, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant Certificate, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order to protect the rights of the Holder against impairment as if the Holder was a shareholder of the Company entitled to the benefit of fiduciary duties afforded to shareholders under Delaware law.

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Section 10.          Compliance with the Securities Act.
 
(a)          Agreement to Comply with the Securities Act, etc.
 
(i)          Legend.  The Holder, by acceptance of this Warrant Certificate, agrees to comply in all respects with the provisions of this Section 10 and the restrictive legend requirements set forth on the face of this Warrant Certificate and further agrees that it shall not offer, sell or otherwise dispose of this Warrant Certificate or any Warrant Shares to be issued upon exercise hereof except under circumstances that will not result in a violation of the Securities Act.  Subject to clause (ii) below, this Warrant Certificate and all Warrant Shares issued upon exercise of this Warrant Certificate (unless registered under the Securities Act) shall be stamped or imprinted with a legend in substantially the following form:
 
“THIS WARRANT CERTIFICATE AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS WARRANT CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”), OR QUALIFIED UNDER ANY STATE OR FOREIGN SECURITIES LAWS AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED UNLESS (I) A REGISTRATION STATEMENT COVERING THE OFFER AND SALE OF SUCH SECURITIES IS EFFECTIVE UNDER THE ACT AND IS QUALIFIED UNDER APPLICABLE STATE AND FOREIGN LAW OR (II) THE TRANSACTION IS EXEMPT FROM THE REGISTRATION AND PROSPECTUS DELIVERY REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE ACT AND THE QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS UNDER APPLICABLE STATE AND FOREIGN LAW AND, IN EACH CASE, IF THE COMPANY REQUESTS, AN OPINION SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY TO SUCH EFFECT HAS BEEN RENDERED BY COUNSEL.”
 
(ii)          Removal of Restrictive Legends.  Neither this Warrant Certificate nor any certificates evidencing Warrant Shares issuable or deliverable under or in connection with this Warrant Certificate shall contain any legend restricting the transfer thereof (including the legend set forth above in clause (i)) in any of the following circumstances:  (A) following any sale of this Warrant Certificate or any Warrant Shares issued or delivered to the Holder under or in connection here with pursuant to Rule 144, (B) if this Warrant Certificate or Warrant Shares are eligible for sale under clause (b)(1) of Rule 144, or (C) if such legend is not required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the SEC) (collectively, the “Unrestricted Conditions”).  If the Unrestricted Conditions are met at the time of issuance of this Warrant Certificate or Warrant Shares, as the case may be, to the reasonable satisfaction of Company’s counsel, the Warrant Certificate or Warrant Shares, as the case may be, shall be issued free of all legends.

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(iii)          Replacement Warrant Certificate.  The Company agrees that at such time as the Unrestricted Conditions have been satisfied it shall promptly (but in any event within ten (10) Business Days) following written request from the Holder issue a replacement Warrant Certificate or replacement Warrant Shares, as the case may be, free of all restrictive legends.
 
(iv)          Sale of Unlegended Shares.  The Holder agrees that the removal of the restrictive legend from this Warrant Certificate and any certificates representing securities as set forth in Section 10(a)(ii) above is predicated upon the Company’s reliance that the Holder will sell this Warrant Certificate or any such securities pursuant to either an effective Registration Statement or otherwise pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, including any applicable prospectus delivery requirements, or an exemption therefrom, and that if such securities are sold pursuant to a Registration Statement, they will be sold in compliance with the plan of distribution set forth therein.
 
(b)          Representations of the Holder.  In connection with the issuance of this Warrant Certificate, the Holder represents, as of the Issue Date, to the Company by acceptance of this Warrant Certificate as follows:
 
(i)          The Holder is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act.  The Holder is acquiring this Warrant Certificate and the Warrant Shares to be issued upon exercise hereof for investment for its own account and not with a view towards, or for resale in connection with, the public sale or distribution of this Warrant Certificate or the Warrant Shares, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act.
 
(ii)          The Holder understands and acknowledges that this Warrant Certificate and the Warrant Shares to be issued upon exercise hereof are “restricted securities” under the Securities Act inasmuch as they are being acquired from the Company in a transaction not involving a public offering and that, under such Laws and applicable regulations, such securities may be resold without registration under the Securities Act only in certain limited circumstances.  In addition, the Holder represents that it is familiar with Rule 144, as presently in effect, and understands the resale limitations imposed thereby and by the Securities Act.
 
(iii)          The Holder acknowledges that it can bear the economic and financial risk of its investment for an indefinite period and has such knowledge and experience in financial or business matters that it is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the investment in this Warrant Certificate and the Warrant Shares.  The Holder has had an opportunity to ask questions and receive answers from the Company regarding the terms and conditions of the offering of this Warrant Certificate and the business, properties, prospects and financial condition of the Company.
 
Section 11.          Pre-Emptive Rights.  In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 4 above, if at any time the Company grants, issues, offers or sells (i) any Ordinary Shares or (ii) any options, convertible securities or rights to purchase shares, warrants, securities or other property, in each case pro rata to the record holders of Ordinary Shares (the “Pre-emptive Rights”), then the Holder shall be entitled to (but shall not be obligated to) acquire, upon the same terms applicable to such Pre-emptive Rights, the aggregate Pre-emptive Rights which the Holder would have acquired if the Holder had held the number of Warrant Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant Certificate immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Pre-emptive Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Pre-emptive Rights.

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Section 12.          Notices.  All notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given: (i) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (ii) when received by the addressee if sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier (receipt requested); (iii) on the date sent by e-mail of a PDF document (with confirmation of transmission) if sent during normal business hours of the recipient, and on the next Business Day if sent after normal business hours of the recipient, in each case provided that sender did not receive an automated failed delivery notification; or (iv) on the third day after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid.  Such communications must be sent to the respective parties at the addresses indicated below (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified in a notice given in accordance with this Section 12).
 
If to the Company:               Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
c/o Foamix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
520 U.S. Highway 22
Suite 204
Bridgewater, NJ 08807
Attn:         General Counsel
Tel.:           908-458-9213
Email:       mutya.harsch@foamix.com
 
 with a copy to (which shall not qualify as notice to any party hereto):
 
Cooley LLP
55 Hudson Yards
New York, NY 10001-2157
Attention: Patrick J. Flanagan

Fax:
(212) 479-6275
Email:         pflanagan@cooley.com
 
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If to the Holder:
Perceptive Credit Holdings II, LP
c/o Perceptive Advisors LLC
51 Astor Place, 10th Floor
New York, NY 10003
Attention: Sandeep Dixit
E-mail: Sandeep@perceptivelife.com

with a copy to (which shall not qualify as notice to any party hereto):
 
Morrison & Foerster LLP
250 West 55th Street
New York, NY 10019
Attention: Mark Wojciechowski, Esq.
Facsimile: (212) 468-7900
E-mail: mwojciechowski@mofo.com

Section 13.          Cumulative Remedies.  Except to the extent expressly provided in Section 6 to the contrary, the rights and remedies provided in this Warrant Certificate are cumulative and are not exclusive of, and are in addition to and not in substitution for, any other rights or remedies available at Law, in equity or otherwise.
 
Section 14.          Entire Agreement.  This Warrant Certificate constitutes the sole and entire agreement of the parties to this Warrant Certificate with respect to the subject matter contained herein and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous understandings and agreements, both written and oral, with respect to such subject matter.
 
Section 15.          Successor and Assigns.  This Warrant Certificate and the rights evidenced hereby shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and the successors of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of the Holder.  Such successor or permitted assign of the Holder shall be deemed to be the “Holder” for all purposes hereunder.
 
Section 16.           No Third-Party Beneficiaries.  This Warrant Certificate is for the sole benefit of the Company and the Holder and their respective successors and, in the case of the Holder, permitted assigns, and nothing herein, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any other Person any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever, under or by reason of this Warrant Certificate.
 
Section 17.           Headings.  The headings in this Warrant Certificate are for reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of this Warrant Certificate.
 
Section 18.          Amendment and Modification; Waiver.  Except as otherwise provided herein, this Warrant Certificate may only be amended, modified or supplemented by an agreement in writing signed by each party hereto.  No waiver by the Company or the Holder of any of the provisions hereof shall be effective unless explicitly set forth in writing and signed by the party so waiving.  No waiver by any party shall operate or be construed as a waiver in respect of any failure, breach or default not expressly identified by such written waiver, whether of a similar or different character, and whether occurring before or after that waiver.  No failure to exercise, or delay in exercising, any rights, remedy, power or privilege arising from this Warrant Certificate shall operate or be construed as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege.
 
Section 19.          Severability.  If any term or provision of this Warrant Certificate is invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other term or provision of this Warrant Certificate or invalidate or render unenforceable such term or provision in any other jurisdiction.

18

 
Section 20.          Governing Law.  This Warrant Certificate shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal Laws of the State of New York without effect to any choice or conflict of Law provision or rule (whether of the State of New York or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of Laws of any jurisdiction other than those of the State of New York.
 
Section 21.          Submission to Jurisdiction.  Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based on this Warrant Certificate or the transactions contemplated hereby may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States or the courts of the State of New York, in each case located in the city and county of New York. Each party irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. Service of process, summons, notice or other document by certified or registered mail to such party’s address set forth in Section 12 shall be effective service of process for any suit, action or other proceeding, and the parties irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in such courts and irrevocably waive and agree not to plead or claim in any such court that any such suit, action or proceeding has been brought in an inconvenient forum.
 
Section 22.          Counterparts.  This Warrant Certificate may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall be deemed to be one and the same agreement.  A signed copy of this Warrant Certificate delivered by facsimile, e-mail or other means of electronic transmission shall be deemed to have the same legal effect as delivery of an original signed copy of this Warrant Certificate.
 
Section 23.          No Strict Construction.  This Warrant Certificate shall be construed without regard to any presumption or rule requiring construction or interpretation against the party drafting an instrument or causing any instrument to be drafted.
 
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

19


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has duly executed this Warrant Certificate on the Issue Date.

FOAMIX PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.

By: /s/ David Domzalski
Name: David Domzalski
Title: Chief Executive Officer

By: /s/ Ilan Hadar
Name: Ilan Hadar
Title: Chief Financial Officer




Accepted and agreed,

PERCEPTIVE CREDIT HOLDINGS II, LP

By: PERCEPTIVE CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES GP,
LLC, its general partner

By:  /s/ Sandeep Dixit
Name:  Sandeep Dixit
Title:  Chief Credit Officer

By:  /s/ Jim Mannix
Name:  Jim Mannix
Title:  Chief Operating Officer



Exhibit A
to Warrant Certificate
 
FORM OF EXERCISE CERTIFICATE
 
(To be signed only upon exercise of Warrant Certificate)

To:
Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
c/o Foamix Pharmaceuticals Inc.
520 U.S. Highway 22
Suite 204
Bridgewater, NJ 08807
Attention: General Counsel

The undersigned, as holder of a right to purchase Warrant Shares (as defined in the Warrant Certificate) of Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd., an Israeli company with limited liability (the “Company”), pursuant to that certain Warrant Certificate of the Company, dated as of July 29, 2019 (the “Warrant Certificate”), a copy of which is attached to this Exercise Certificate, hereby irrevocably elects to exercise the purchase right represented by such Warrant Certificate for, and to purchase thereunder, [________ (_____)] Warrant Shares of the Company and herewith makes payment with this Exercise Certificate of the Aggregate Exercise Price therefor by the following method:
 
The undersigned hereby elects to make payment of the Aggregate Exercise Price of [                                      Dollars ($                )] for (            ) Ordinary Shares using the method described in Section 3(b)(i).
 
The undersigned hereby elects to make payment of the Aggregate Exercise Price of [                                      Dollars ($                )] for (            ) Ordinary Shares using the method described in Section 3(b)(ii).
 
The undersigned hereby elects to make payment of the Aggregate Exercise Price of [                Dollars ($              )] for (            ) Ordinary Shares using the method described in Section 3(b)(iii).
 
  Unless otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms have the meanings provided in the Warrant Certificate.
 
  DATED: ______________
 
[HOLDER]

By _______________________________________
Name:
Title:

Exhibit A-1

Exhibit B
to Warrant Certificate
 
FORM OF ASSIGNMENT
 
[DATE OF ASSIGNMENT]
 
THE UNDERSIGNED, [NAME OF HOLDER], is the holder (in such capacity, the “Holder”) of a warrant certificate issued by Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd., an Israeli company with limited liability (the “Warrant Certificate” and the “Company”, respectively), entitling the Holder to purchase up to [___] Warrant Shares (as defined in the Warrant Certificate).  Unless otherwise defined, capitalized terms used herein have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Warrant Certificate.
 
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the Holder hereby sells, assigns and transfers to [NAME OF ASSIGNEE] (the “Assignee”) the right to acquire [all Warrant Shares entitled to be purchased upon exercise of the Warrant Certificate] [______ of the Warrant Shares entitled to be purchased upon exercise of the Warrant Certificate].  In furtherance of the foregoing assignment, the Holder hereby irrevocably instructs the Company to (i) memorialize such assignment on the Warrant Register as required pursuant to Section 5 of the Warrant Certificate, and (ii) pursuant to Section 6 of the Warrant Certificate, execute and deliver to the Assignee [and the Holder][a new Warrant Certificate][new Warrant Certificates] reflecting the foregoing assignment ([each] a “Substitute Warrant Certificate”).
 
The Assignee acknowledges and agrees that its Substitute Warrant Certificate and the Warrant Shares to be issued upon exercise thereof are being acquired for investment and that the Assignee will not offer, sell or otherwise dispose of its Substitute Warrant Certificate or any Warrant Shares to be issued upon exercise or conversion thereof except under circumstances which will not result in a violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities laws.  The Assignee represents and warrants for the benefit of the Company that the Assignee is an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act.
 
To the extent required pursuant to Section 10(a) of the Warrant Certificate, the Assignee acknowledges and agrees that a restrictive legend shall be applied to the Assignee’s Substitute Warrant and the Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of such certificate substantially consistent with the legend set forth in Section 10(a)(i).
 
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

Exhibit B-1


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto agree as set forth above as of the date first written above.

[HOLDER]

By _______________________________________
Name:
Title:

Accepted and agreed,

[NAME OF ASSIGNEE]

By _______________________________________
Name:
Title:

Exhibit B-2


Exhibit 31.1
 
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
 
I, David Domzalski, certify that:
 
1.
I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd.;
 
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 

(a)
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 

(b)
designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 

(c)
evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 

(d)
disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 

(a)
all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 

(b)
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: November 12, 2019
By: 
/s/ David Domzalski
   
David Domzalski
Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer)

 

Exhibit 31.2
 
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
 
I, Ilan Hadar, certify that:
 
1.
I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd.;
 
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 

(a)
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 

(b)
designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 

(c)
evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 

(d)
disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 

(a)
all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 

(b)
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: November 12, 2019
By: 
/s/ Ilan Hadar
   
Ilan Hadar
Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial officer)



Exhibit 32.1
 
CERTIFICATION OF CEO PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (the “Company”) for the period ended September 30, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Mr. David Domzalski, as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of his knowledge:
 
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
Date: November 12, 2019
By: 
/s/ David Domzalski
   
David Domzalski
Chief Executive Officer

This certification accompanies the Report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.



Exhibit 32.2
 
CERTIFICATION OF CFO PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (the “Company”) for the period ended September 30, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Mr. Ilan Hadar, as Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of his knowledge:
 
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
Date: November 12, 2019
By: 
/s/ Ilan Hadar
   
Ilan Hadar
Chief Financial Officer

This certification accompanies the Report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.