In Germany, the employees are eligible for payroll support. The Company pays to its German employees their full salary and the Company is being reimbursed by the German government for the payroll support amount. In the Netherlands, the Company was eligible for support following the COVID-19 crisis. The Company is obligated to hold restricted cash in the Netherlands, which is restricted for payments to the tax authorities. From time to time the Company is allowed to make a request to release the money from the restricted account into the regular bank account. As part of the process the Company transfers the requested amount to the Dutch tax authorities, who pay it back after a few weeks into the Company’s regular bank account. 0001010134falseFYfalseNoNoYesYesIncluding a 50 million Yen loan with a financial institution as a financial support in connection of COVID-19. The loan was provided in July 2020 for a period of five years with a variable interest of 0.21% - 1.10%. The long term balances as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are $134 and $280, respectively. 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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 20-F
 
☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
OR
 
☒  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022
 
OR
 
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
OR
 
☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
Date of event requiring this shell company report
 
For the transition period from _________________ to _________________
 
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-28542
 
ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V.
(Exact Name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Not Applicable
(Translation of Registrant's name into English)
 
The Netherlands
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
Walaardt Sacréstraat 425-5, 1117 BM Schiphol-Oost, The Netherlands
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
Alon Raich, Tel: +31-20-3471077,
Email: alon@ictsintl.com, Address: Same as above
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number
and Address of Company Contact Person)
 
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of each Class: None
 
Name of each exchange on which registered: None
 
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
 
Common Stock, par value 0.45 Euro per share
(Title of Class)
 
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to
Section 15(d) of the Act:
 
None
(Title of Class)
 
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: 37,433,333.
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
 
YES ☐          NO ☒
 
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 
YES ☐          NO ☒
 
Note - Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those sections.
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
 
YES ☒          NO ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
 
YES ☒          NO ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, am accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer ☐
Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒
 
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
 
U.S. GAAP ☒
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☐
Other ☐
 
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
 
Item 17 ☐          Item 18 ☐
 
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
 
YES ☐          NO ☒
 
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.
 
YES ☐          NO ☐
 
When used in this Form 20-F, the words “may”, “will”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “continue”, “estimates”, “project”, “intend” and similar expressions are intended to identify Forward-Looking Statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regarding events, conditions and financial trends that may affect the Company's future plans of operations, business strategy, operating results and financial position. Prospective investors are cautioned that any Forward-Looking Statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties and those actual results may differ materially from those included within the Forward-Looking Statements as a result of various factors.
 
2

 
Table of Contents
      
Part I
      
       
 
4
 
4
 
4
 
10
  20
 
34
 
38
 
39
 
40
  41
 
55
 
55
       
Part II
      
       
  55
 
56
 
56
 
56
 
56
 
56
 
57
 
57
 
57
 
57
       
Part III
      
       
  58
  58
 
58
       
Exhibits
      
       
   
   
   
   

3
 
PART I
 
Item 1.          Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
 
Not Applicable
 
Item 2.          Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
 
Not Applicable
 
Item 3.          Key information
 
Operations
 
ICTS International N.V. (“ICTS”) was registered at the Department of Justice in Amstelveen, Netherlands on October 9, 1992. ICTS and subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “ICTS” or the "Company") operate in four reportable segments: (a) corporate (b) airport security (c) other aviation related services and (d) authentication technology. Until December 31, 2021, the Company used to present the results of the airport security and the other aviation related services as one consolidated segment. The corporate segment does not generate revenue and contains primarily non-operational expenses. The airport security segment provides security services primarily to airport authorities and airlines predominantly in Europe. The other aviation services segment provides services primarily to airlines and airport authorities in the United States of America. The authentication technology segment provides authentication services to financial and other companies, predominantly in the United States of America.
 
Selected Financial Data
 
Selected data set forth below have been derived from the ICTS Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). The Selected Consolidated Financial Data set forth below should be read in conjunction with Item 5 - Operating and Financial Review and Prospects, the ICTS Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to those Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 18 in this Annual Report.

During 2022, 2021 and 2020, governments in some of the countries in which we operate have announced the implementation of government assistance measures, which mitigated the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our results and liquidity. In the United States of America, the government has approved a payroll support to the American subsidiary of the Company of $0, $15.9 million and $13.7 million, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Out of those amounts, the American subsidiary recognized amounts of $0, $16.9 million and $12.7 million as reduction of labor expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Dutch government has provided financial assistance to the Dutch subsidiary of the Company of €3.7 million, €18.1 million and €17.6 million ($3.9 million, $22.6 million and $21.6 million as of December 31, 2022 2021 and 2020), respectively. The Dutch government terminated the support program on March, 2022. In Germany, our employees are eligible for payroll support up to 60% of the employee’s payroll (on an individual basis) where the employees meet the support plan requirements. The Company pays to its German employees their full salary and the Company is being reimbursed by the German government for the payroll support amount. The Company applied for this support starting from April 2020 to June 2021. These available governmental support plans might be extended and/or changed according to the future COVID-19 developments, although currently the Company does not expect those measures to be renewed or extended.
 
In the Netherlands wage tax, social security and VAT payments for the period March 2020 through September 2021 were postponed and are to be paid in 60 monthly installments beginning October 2022. The debt incurs annual interest starting July 2022 of 1% and increases every six months to a maximum of 4% starting on January 1, 2024 onwards. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company accumulated debt to the Dutch tax authorities of €31.8 million and €33.5 million ($33.8 million and $38.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021), respectively to the Dutch tax authorities.
 
In July 2019, AU10TIX Technologies B.V (together with its subsidiaries, “AU10TIX”, a subsidiary of ICTS issued preferred shares to an investor for a subscription price of $60 million in cash representing 24% of the outstanding share capital of AU10TIX and 23.077% of the outstanding share capital of AU10TIX on a fully diluted basis. AU10TIX will retain $20 million on the sale proceeds for general working capital purposes and $40 million was transferred to its parent company, ICTS International N.V.
 
In July 2019, the Company repaid $30 million to the entity related to the main shareholder, who provided the Company loans as convertible notes.
 
In November 2019, AU10TIX issued preferred shares to a new investor for a subscription price of $20 million in cash representing 7.401% of the outstanding share capital of AU10TIX and 7.143% of the outstanding share capital of AU10TIX on a fully diluted basis.
 
4
On June 28, 2021, TPG, Oak, GF GW LLC (“GF”) and AU10TIX, entered into a Sale and Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”), pursuant to which Oak and GF purchased preferred shares in AU10TIX from TPG.  In connection with the SPA, (i) such parties and ICTS entered into an amended and restated shareholders agreement (the “SHA”) and an amended and restated registration rights agreement (the “RRA”) and (ii) AU10TIX’s Articles of Association (the “Articles”) were amended by a deed of amendment. Following the completion of the sales and purchases contemplated by the SPA: (i) ICTS owns 68.69% of the outstanding share capital of AU10TIX in the form of Class B Ordinary Shares; (ii) Oak owns 12.87% of the outstanding share capital of AU10TIX in the form of New Series A Preferred Shares; (iii)  GF owned 10.93% of the outstanding share capital of AU10TIX in the form of New Series A Preferred Shares; and (iv) TPG owns 7.51% of the outstanding share capital of AU10TIX in the form of New Series A Preferred Shares.  In addition, AU10TIX may issue up to 500,000 Class A Ordinary Shares under its existing employee stock option plan.

The following table summarizes certain balance sheet data for the Company at December 31, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019 and 2018:
 
   
(U.S. Dollars in Thousands)
  
   
December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
    
2020
    
2019
    
2018
  
Cash and cash equivalents          
  
$
50,937
    
$
88,753
    
$
51,602
    
$
52,352
    
$
12,801
  
Bank deposits          
    
24,568
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
  
Total current assets          
    
155,483
      
174,562
      
116,554
      
103,136
      
67,219
  
Total assets          
    
184,633
      
195,880
      
140,388
      
123,447
      
75,087
  
Total current liabilities          
    
68,326
      
60,887
      
59,334
      
75,509
      
75,058
  
Total liabilities          
    
105,019
      
111,234
      
95,551
      
84,832
      
109,943
  
Redeemable non-controlling interests          
    
89,974
      
90,478
      
75,322
      
74,300
      
-
  
Shareholders' deficit          
  
$
10,360
    
$
5,832
    
$
30,485
    
$
35,685
    
$
34,856
  

5
 
The following table summarizes certain statement of operations data for the Company for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, and 2018:

   
U.S. Dollars in Thousands
Year ended December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
    
2020
    
2019
    
2018
  
                               
Revenue          
  
$
324,977
    
$
324,934
    
$
248,419
    
$
333,307
    
$
345,221
  
Cost of revenue          
    
261,181
      
209,771
      
196,569
      
290,461
      
311,994
  
GROSS PROFIT          
    
63,796
      
115,163
      
51,850
      
42,846
      
33,227
  
Operating expenses:
                                        
Research and development          
    
13,601
      
12,114
      
6,541
      
5,060
      
3,657
  
Selling, general and administrative          
    
53,799
      
50,882
      
37,239
      
33,063
      
34,924
  
Goodwill impairment          
    
-
      
139
      
-
      
-
      
1,563
  
Total operating expenses          
    
67,400
      
63,135
      
43,780
      
38,123
      
40,144
  
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)          
    
(3,604
)
    
52,028
      
8,070
      
4,723
      
(6,917
)
Equity Income (loss) from investment in affiliates
    
(97
)
    
(983
)
    
(790
)
    
91
      
124
  
Other income (expenses), net          
    
113
      
(537
)
    
(1,288
)
    
(10,518
)
    
(3,586
)
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSES
    
(3,588
)
    
50,508
      
5,992
      
(5,704
)
    
(10,379
)
Income tax expenses          
    
1,646
      
9,220
      
590
      
1,549
      
685
  
INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS
    
(5,234
)
    
41,288
      
5,402
      
(7,253
)
    
(11,064
)
Loss from discontinued operations          
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
289
  
NET INCOME (LOSS)          
  
$
(5,234
)
  
$
41,288
    
$
5,402
    
$
(7,253
)
  
$
(11,353
)
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
    
(509
)
    
6,481
      
999
      
789
      
(123
)
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V.
  
$
(4,725
)
  
$
34,807
    
$
4,403
    
$
(8,042
)
  
$
(11,230
)
                                         
BASIC NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V.PER SHARE
                                        
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  
$
(0.13
)
  
$
0.66
    
$
0.12
    
$
(0.26
)
  
$
(0.47
)
Loss from discontinued operations          
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
(0.01
)
Net income (loss)          
  
$
(0.13
)
  
$
0.66
    
$
0.12
    
$
(0.26
)
  
$
(0.48
)
                                         
Basic weighted average number of shares
    
37,433,333
      
37,433,333
      
35,827,854
      
30,524,461
      
23,415,068
  
                                         
DILUTED NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. PER SHARE
                                        
                                         
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  
$
(0.13
)
  
$
0.61
    
$
0.11
    
$
(0.26
)
  
$
(0.47
)
Loss from discontinued operations          
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
(0.01
)
Net income (loss)          
  
$
(0.13
)
  
$
0.61
    
$
0.11
    
$
(0.26
)
  
$
(0.48
)
                                         
Diluted weighted average number of shares
    
37,433,333
      
40,237,340
      
38,424,718
      
30,524,461
      
23,415,068
  

6
 
Risk Factors
 
You should carefully consider the risks described below regarding the business and the ownership of our shares. If any of the risks are realized, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected, and the price of our common stock could decline significantly.
 
COVID-19
 
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus COVID-19 a global pandemic. This contagious disease outbreak and any related adverse public health developments, has adversely affected workforces, customers, economies and financial markets globally, potentially leading to an economic downturn. It has also disrupted the normal operations of many businesses, including the Company’s. Some governmental authorities imposed restrictions on non-essential activities, businesses suspended travel and popular leisure destinations were temporarily closed to visitors. These conditions have impacted the Company’s business operations and revenue as seen with decrease in demand of airport services among the airlines or airports due to a decline in travel in travel and reduced or cancelled flights, and adversely affect the Company’s business, especially in previous years.
 
Labor Concerns
 
Several of our subsidiaries operate in many different jurisdictions in Europe, the United States of America and Asia and are therefore subject to the different labor laws of such jurisdictions. Any changes in such laws, as an example, the establishment or change of minimum wages, could have an adverse effect on the business of the Company.
 
In addition, some of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements with unions. Such collective agreement detail, inter alia, financial and non-financial entitlements to our employees that effect our financial results. Relationship with unions, including work stoppages or changes in work rules, could have an adverse impact on our financial results.
 
In some jurisdictions and subject to legislation related to employees’ entitlements during sick leave, increase in employees’ sick rate could have an adverse impact on our financial results. Lack of manpower and/or employees’ turnover may lead to additional costs. As an example, recruitment and training cost, and therefore increase in employees’ turnover rate could have an adverse impact on our financial results.
 
If any of such changes and/or circumstances have a financial impact on the Company and the Company is not able to fully adjust its fees for its services to accommodate such changes and/or circumstances, of which there is no assurance, there could be a material adverse effect on our business.
 
Further, escalating costs of providing employee benefits and other labor issues may lead to labor disputes and disruption of our business.
 
Potential Liability Claims
 
From time to time lawsuits have been commenced against the Company or its subsidiaries usually claiming injury or damage to property. In addition, labor related issues, such as employee dismissal, may lead to labor disputes. Most of these claims are covered by insurance. In the event such claims are not covered by the insurance, there could be an adverse impact on the Company.
 
Our Contracts with Airports or Airlines may be Cancelled or not Renewed
 
Our revenues are primarily provided from services pursuant to contracts, which are cancellable on short notice at any time with or without cause. We cannot assure you that existing clients will decide not to terminate our contracts or fail to renew a contract. In some jurisdictions and operations, contracts are subject to a tender detailing, inter alia, participation terms, cap pricing and award criteria. In addition, consolidation in the airline industry could also result in a loss of customers. Any such termination, failure to renew a contract with us and/or failure in tenders could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. If our relationships with our major customers are impaired then there may be a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Our major customers include airports in Europe and major airlines servicing the United States of America. The aviation industry might encounter difficulties and this may have a material adverse impact on our business.
 
Terrorism, War or Risk of War
 
Our business is affected by numerous factors outside of our control, such as terrorist attacks and acts of war. Future terrorist attacks against the countries where the Company has a presence, rumors or threats of war, actual conflicts involving those countries or their allies, or military or trade disruptions affecting customers may materially adversely affect operations. Our facilities and equipment could be direct targets or indirect casualties of terrorist attacks and acts of war. Strategic targets such as high-technology aviation security assets, passenger terminals or aircrafts may be at greater risk of future terrorist attacks than other targets. It is possible that any, or a combination, of these occurrences could have a material impact on the business of the Company, on cash flows, results of operations, financial condition, business reputation, claims etc. In addition, insurance premiums for some or all of our current coverages could increase dramatically, or certain coverages may not be available to us in the future.
 
7
Losses from Operations
 
The Company incurred net income (loss) of $(5.2) million, $41.3 million and $5.4 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The 2022, 2021 and 2020 profits (losses) include special grants provided by different governments as COVID-19 assistance to the company. The Company has a shareholders’ deficit of $10.4 million and $5.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. If we are unable to obtain new service contracts, increase revenues, increase profitability and reduce the Company’s shareholders deficit, our financial condition        and results of operations might be affected and our share price may decline.
 
Loans from Third Parties
 
Our financing activities have consisted in the past of loans from banks and other third parties. Currently, the Company is looking for lines of credit. There is no assurance that third parties will provide loans to the Company and even if loans are made, there is no assurance that the terms will be favorable to the Company.
 
Key Personnel
 
Our success largely depends on the services of our senior management and executive personnel. The loss of the services of one or more of such key personnel could have an adverse impact on our operations. Our success is also dependent upon our ability to hire and retain additional qualified executive personnel. We cannot assure you that we will be able to attract, assimilate and retain personnel with the attributes necessary to execute our strategy. We cannot assure you that one or more of our executives will not leave our employment and either work for a competitor or otherwise compete with us.
 
Development of New Technology
 
As part of our technology business strategy we develop technological solutions and systems for financial and other industries and seek other revenue producing business and business opportunities. We cannot assure you that we will be able to develop new systems or develop systems that are commercially viable. Our success in developing and marketing our systems will also depend on our ability to adapt to rapid technology changes in the industry and to integrate such changes into our systems. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in our attempts to change or implement our business strategy. We may not have the expertise to be successful in developing our business in areas that are not related to the security industry. We compete in a highly competitive industry and our competitors may be more successful in developing new technology and achieving market acceptance of their products.
 
Acquiring or Investing in Other Businesses
 
From time to time, the Company may seek to acquire or invest in other business, which may or may not be related to the business of the Company. No assurance can be given that the Company will acquire or invest in any companies. If the Company decides to acquire or invest, no assurance can be given that such acquisition or investment will be successful.
 
Cyber Security Measures
 
We rely on computer systems and information technology in our business and have established security programs for protection. We might be the target of attempted cyber and other security threats and despite our security measures, our systems might be vulnerable to interruption or damage from computer hackings, viruses, worms or other destructive or disruptive software, process breakdowns, denial of service attacks, social engineering or other malicious activities or any combination of the foregoing. We must continuously monitor and develop our information technology networks and  infrastructure to prevent, detect, address and mitigate the risk of unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses and other events that could have a security impact. Insider or employee cyber and security threats are increasingly a concern for all companies including ours. It is not possible to determine the cost to the Company in the event of a cyber security incident because costs are a function of the size and nature of the incident. For more information see item 5 – Operating and Financial Review and Prospects in this 20F report for additional information on the 2022 cyber security incident.
 
Competition
 
Competition in the aviation security and aviation related services industry as well as in the technology industry is intense. Many of our competitors have greater financial, technical and marketing resources. Our competitors might develop and market alternative systems and technologies that may have greater functionality or be more cost effective than the services we provide or the systems that we develop. If our competitors develop such systems, we may not be able to successfully market our systems. Even if we are able to develop systems with greater functionality which are more cost effective than those developed by our competitors, we may not be able to achieve market acceptance of our systems.
 
8
Operations in International Environments Risk
 
The Company is currently engaged in direct operations in numerous countries and is therefore subject to risks associated with international operations (including economic and/or political instability, conflict, trade restrictions and striker). Such risks can cause the Company to have significant difficulties in connection with the sale or provision of its services in international markets and have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
 
Governmental Regulation
 
Industries on which we operate are subject to extensive governmental regulation, the impact of which is difficult to predict. The Aviation and Transportation Security Act (the “Security Act”) has had a significant negative impact on our aviation security business in the USA. In addition, our ability to successfully market new systems will be dependent upon government regulations over which we have no control. Any existing or new regulation may cause us to incur increased expenses or impose substantial liability upon us. The likelihood of such new legislation is difficult to predict.
 
Legislation Designed to Protect Privacy Rights
 
From time to time, personal identity databases and technologies utilizing such databases have been the focus of organizations and individuals seeking to curtail or eliminate the use of personal identity information technologies on the grounds that personal information and these technologies may be used to diminish personal privacy rights. In the event that such initiatives result in restrictive legislation, the market for our products may be adversely affected. In addition, in the event that the Company fails as a result of legislation designed to protect privacy rights, the market for our products may be adversely affected.
 
Licenses for Operations
 
A license to operate is required from the airport authority in the airports in which we currently operate. The loss of, or failure to obtain, a license to operate in one or more of such airports could result in the loss of or the inability to compete for contracts in the airports in which we have licenses.
 
Poor Economic Conditions
 
Poor economic conditions could adversely affect our business. Deterioration in the global economic environment may result in decreased demand for our services. Weakening economic conditions could also affect our customers, which may result in redirection of their request for our services.

Inflation

In recent months, record levels of inflation have resulted in significant volatility and disruptions in the global economy. In response to rising inflation, central banks in the markets in which we operate, including the United States Federal Reserve, have tightened their monetary policies and raised interest rates, and such measures may continue if there is a period of sustained heightened inflation. Higher interest rates and volatility in financial markets could lead to additional economic uncertainty or recession. Increased inflation rates have increased our operating costs, mostly labor costs. There is no assurance that we will be able to promptly increase our pricing to offset our increased costs, or that our operations will not be materially impacted by rising inflation and its broader effects on the markets in which we operate in the future. We have implemented certain measures in response to such inflation pressures, including starting negotiating with major customers reimbursement for salary increase following the inflation adjustments in the employees’ salaries. There is no assurance that we will be fully or partly successful in those negotiations. In addition, the Company is seeking to establish lines of credit for some of its subsidiaries. The increased interest rates will increase the Company's financing costs, once such lines of credit will be established. We are continuing to monitor the effects of rising inflation on our business performance and financial condition. However, we cannot accurately predict whether we will be able to effectively and timely mitigate their impact on our business.
 
Currency Risk
 
A substantial portion of our revenue is generated in foreign countries. We generally retain our income in local currency at the location the funds are received. Since our financial statements are presented in United States dollars, any significant fluctuation in the currency exchange rate between such currency and the United States dollar would affect our results of operations and financial condition.
 
Limitations in Price Share
 
The market price of our common stock may from time to time be significantly affected by a large number of factors, including among others, variations in our operating results, the depth and liquidity of the trading market for our shares and differences between actual results of operations and the results anticipated by investors and securities analysts. Many of the factors which affect the market price of our common stock are outside of our control and may not even be directly related to us. The market price of our common stock may be volatile and the volume may be low, which may make it more difficult for you to resell your shares.
 
Main Shareholders
 
As of May 1st, 2023, the MacPherson Trust, its beneficiaries and Mr. M.J. Atzmon, own or control together approximately 75.6% of our issued and outstanding common stock (excluding conversion rights). Mr. Atzmon, the Chairman of the Supervisory Board, disclaims any benefit or interest in the MacPherson Trust. As a result of such ownership and conversion rights, the MacPherson Trust and its beneficiaries together with Mr. Atzmon are able to significantly influence and/or control all matters requiring shareholder approval including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. Such concentration may also have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control. Their interests could conflict with yours. In addition, significant sales of shares held by them could have a negative effect on our stock price.

9
 
Dividends
 
We do not expect to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
 
The Ability of Shareholders to Bring Action or Enforce Judgments Against the Company, the Managing Directors and the Supervisory Directors may be Limited Since ICTS is a Foreign Company
 
The ability of shareholders of ICTS (Shareholders) to bring actions against ICTS, the members of the management board of ICTS (“Management Board” and its members “Managing Directors”) and the members of the supervisory board of ICTS (“Supervisory Board” and its members “Supervisory Directors”) or to enforce liabilities predicated upon non-Dutch laws may be limited.
 
The Company is a public company with limited liability (naamloze vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid) incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands. The corporate affairs of ICTS are governed by the articles of association of ICTS (the Articles of Association) and by the laws governing companies incorporated in the Netherlands. Significant number of ICTS’ assets and activities are located outside the United States of America. In addition, Managing Directors and some of the Supervisory Directors are residents of countries other than the United States of America.
 
The United States of America and the Netherlands currently do not have a treaty providing for reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments, other than arbitration awards, in civil and commercial matters. In addition, the countries of residence of the Managing Directors, the Supervisory Directors and of the Company's employees may also not have a treaty providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments. Consequently, a final judgment for payment given by a court in the United States of America, whether or not predicated solely upon US securities laws, would not be enforceable in the Netherlands. Accordingly, a final judgment for payment rendered by a court in the United States of America, whether or not predicated solely upon US securities laws, will not be recognized and enforced by the Dutch courts. However, if a person has obtained a final and conclusive judgment for the payment of money rendered by a court in the United States of America which is enforceable in the United States of America and files his claim with the competent Dutch court, the Dutch court will generally give binding effect to such foreign judgment insofar as it finds that (i) the jurisdiction of the US court has been based on a ground of jurisdiction that is generally acceptable according to international standards, (ii) the judgment by the US court was rendered in legal proceedings that comply with the standards of the proper administration of justice that includes sufficient safeguards (behoorlijke rechtspleging) and (iii) the judgment by the US court is not incompatible with a decision rendered between the same parties by a Dutch court or with a previous decision rendered between the same parties by a foreign court in a dispute that concerns the same subject and is based on the same cause, provided that the previous decision qualifies for acknowledgement in the Netherlands and except to the extent that the foreign judgment contravenes Dutch public policy (openbare orde). It is uncertain whether this practice extends to default judgments as well. Dutch courts may deny the recognition and enforcement of punitive damages or other awards. Moreover, a Dutch court may reduce the amount of damages granted by a US court and recognize damages only to the extent that they are necessary to compensate actual losses or damages. Enforcement and recognition of judgments of US courts in the Netherlands are solely governed by the provisions of the Dutch Civil Procedure Code (Wetboek van Burgerlijke Rechtsvordering).
 
ICTS is a Dutch Public Limited Liability Company. The rights of the Shareholders may be Different from the Rights of Shareholders in Companies Governed by the Laws of US Jurisdictions.
 
The rights of Shareholders and the responsibilities of Managing Directors and Supervisory Directors may be different from the rights and obligations of shareholders in companies governed by the laws of US jurisdictions. Such differences include, among others, voting requirements for important shareholder resolutions regarding capital measures, corporate reorganizations and certain shareholder rights, such as assertion of liability claims. In the performance of its duties the Management Board and Supervisory Board are required by Dutch law to consider the interests of the Company, the Shareholders, its employees and other stakeholders in all cases with due observation of the principles of reasonableness and fairness. It is possible that some of these parties will have interests that are different from, or in addition to, the interests of the Shareholders.
 
Item 4.       Information on the Company
 
ICTS is a public limited liability company organized under the laws of The Netherlands since 1992. Our offices are located at Walaardt Sacréstraat 425-5, 1117 BM Schiphol-Oost, The Netherlands and its telephone number is +31-20-347-1077.
 
History and Development of the Company:
 
Aviation Security and Other Aviation Services Businesses
 
The Company provides aviation security through its subsidiary I-SEC International Security B.V. and other aviation related services through its subsidiary Huntleigh U.S.A. (“Huntleigh”)
 
In 2001 and 2002, ICTS sold substantially its European aviation security operations in two stages for an aggregate purchase price of $103 million. As a result of the sale ICTS fully divested itself at that time from most of its European operations.
 
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In February 2005 the Company decided to re-enter the European aviation security market. In March 2005, the Company established a wholly owned subsidiary, I-SEC International Security B.V. and Subsidiaries (“I-SEC”), under which all the European aviation security activities provided by ICTS are operated. Thereafter, I-SEC established new subsidiaries throughout Europe and the Far East.
 
Authentication Technology Business
 
Our technology business is primarily involved in the services of authentication security to financial and other institution, mainly in the United   States of America and Europe.
 
Business Overview
 
General
 
ICTS provides the following services through its subsidiaries as follows:
 
I-SEC primarily supplies mainly aviation security services at airports in Europe and the Far East.
 
Huntleigh provides for the most part non-security other aviation related services in the United States of America.
 
AU10TIX develops technological systems and authentication solutions for financial and other companies.
 
Business Strategy
 
We are currently pursuing the following business strategy:
 
Aviation Security and Critical Infrastructure Operations in Europe and the Far East
 
Through the I-SEC subsidiaries, we supply aviation and other high-end security services to airports, airlines, governments and critical infrastructure facilities in Europe and the Far East. Currently, I-SEC provides aviation security services to three out of the five largest airports in Europe. I- SEC is focused on the critical infrastructure operations in the countries where we are present, next to our core business (airports, airlines, cargo). I-SEC is continuously looking for ways to extend its operations in new and existing locations.
 
Other Aviation Related Services in the U.S.A.
 
Through Huntleigh we provide limited security services and non-security other aviation related services in the U.S.A. Huntleigh is continuously looking for ways to extend its operations in new and existing locations.
 
Developing Authentication Technologies
 
Through AU10TIX, we are focusing on developing authentication technologies in order to provide authentication services to financial and other markets worldwide. AU10TIX is continuously looking for ways to extend the services it provides both to new and existing customers.
 
Services
 
Services Offered in Europe and the Far East
 
I-SEC specializes in the provision of advanced aviation security services worldwide. These include security consulting and security handling at airports, cargo warehouses and for airlines:  security screening, checkpoint screening, cargo screening, hold baggage screening (“HBS”), X-ray operator training, integrated services and high-risk flights (HRF). I-SEC has also started diversifying its portfolio and started engaging in provision of security services for Critical Infrastructure facilities and High-End guarding services.
 
The Company benefits from the broad know-how and international operational experience it has acquired in more than three decades of intensive activity in the field of aviation security.
 
I-SEC's management and key personnel are widely recognized in the industry as developers of pioneering aviation security concepts, methods  and technologies, focusing on airport security and on high-risk environments. With its highly skilled and experienced professional staff supported by proprietary technological innovations, I-SEC is ideally positioned to deliver cost-effective aviation security solutions and services to airports and airlines with varying operational volumes and needs.
 
I-SEC has operations in The Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway and is continuing to expand to other countries in Europe. Additionally, I-SEC currently operates at four major airports in Japan providing airline services such as passenger handling services, secondary screening and training to airlines.
 
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Building on its management’s strong reputation and on its broad know-how and experience, I-SEC is committed to providing its clients with security services at the highest professional level, while offering unprecedented cost savings due in part to the integration of advanced proprietary technologies.
 
I-SEC Aviation Security Services
 
Checkpoint Screening
 
I-SEC provides trained checkpoint operators and supervisors to airlines and airports as well as other clients in many countries.
 
The Company trains its staff to perform screening at checkpoints, both efficiently and effectively, fully complying with regulatory and client requirements on the one hand and focusing on hospitality and customer service requirements on the other hand.
 
Passengers Security Screening
 
I-SEC delivers Passenger Security Screening at airports at the highest level for its clients. The Company constantly upgrades its services, trains its employees and applies a state-of-the-art quality management system in order to ensure that amendments in regulatory requirements as well as changes in the threat environment and developing needs are at all times respected.
 
Passenger privacy and confidentiality are strictly maintained at all times in accordance with all relevant regulations issued by both US and EU regulators.
 
Hold Baggage Operation (HBS)
 
Regulatory agencies in Europe and the USA require airlines and airports to perform 100% hold baggage screening. I-SEC provides the trained         manpower required to carry out these tasks, as well as training services for the airport's own staff.
 
Cargo Security

I-SEC provides a range of services that focuses on cargo security. Also in this area, the highest standards are applied. The Company supports not only in the provision of related services but also implements dedicated Security programs: Planning and implementation of a cargo security program; training the client's staff and management team and deploying of explosive detection dogs. Furthermore, training of its own staff is an important part of the work.
 
Training its own and the client's employees to operate in accordance with the relevant security requirements while maintaining flexibility with      regard to course content, scope, duration, location and the number of trainees.
 
Integrated Services
 
I-SEC is well equipped to deliver a wide variety of integrated services linking security with customer service. These integrated services, which combine   security and operational processing, are based on numerous years of experience and expertise and fully comply with all local, national and international regulatory requirements. They as well include many customer service functions enabling airlines to improve customer services while reducing manpower needs and operational costs.
 
Explosion Detection Dog Handling
 
In 2021 I-SEC acquired a dog handler company in Sweden and integrated Explosive Detection Dog Handling into the Swedish subsidiary. Next to the current business in I-SEC Sweden, the Explosive Detection Dog Handling organization, based in Sweden, can support the entire group in this area with its expertise
 
I-SEC Aviation Security Training Services
 
Training Programs and Seminars

I-SEC's training programs are the product of over 30 years of expertise and experience in the development of training materials covering every aspect of airline and airport security operations and their implementation worldwide. They are similarly suitable to be implemented in Critical Infrastructure facilities and for High-End guarding services.
 
Aviation security and security awareness training courses are offered, which are modular in nature and are adapted to meet the specific needs of each client. The courses are constantly being updated to ensure that they cover all relevant material relating to new regulations, new threats, etc. Many of the courses include simulations, role play, situational exercises, case studies and on job training. Sophisticated training aids are employed to make the training experience more efficient and interesting, thus ensuring optimal results.

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I-SEC Aviation Security Consulting Services
 
A comprehensive risk analysis is the essential primary component of any security system. The identification of the risks relevant to the particular     site or operation, and their grading according to their potential damage and probability enables the Company to develop security concepts and design a security system that will effectively deal with these risks. I-SEC employs security experts specializing in the performance of risk analyses in a variety of threat environments ensuring the risks are fully and accurately mapped.
 
I-SEC security experts possess broad experience in the design and development of modular aviation security systems, customized to meet local needs and complying with international standards. Designed systems are both flexible and dynamic in nature ensuring that any adaptations required to meet changes in the threat environment in the future can be carried out quickly with minimal investment of effort and funds.
 
System development also covers the definition of needs in the areas of manpower, technical means and advanced technologies, with the aim of attaining the optimal balance, thus maximizing both efficiency and savings in operational and staffing costs. Our experts also assist the client to determine priorities in implementation as a function of the prioritized needs and the available resources. Assistance in the recruitment of security managers and staff based on predefined standards is also offered .
 
For over three decades I-SEC specialists have been assisting their clients implement and assimilate proven work methods and security solutions designed on the basis of extensive know-how and experience and tailored to meet their specific needs. The client's staff members at all levels, are trained to perform their relevant tasks and are provided with ongoing consulting and support to ensure the smooth running of security operations.
 
Furthermore, I-SEC’s expert security consultants specialize in the performance of airport security surveys and audits, the scope of which are determined together with the client. Surveys can range from individual aspects of airport security to comprehensive, all-encompassing surveys. Special attention is put on the verification of compliance with applicable regulation and the presentation of recommendations regarding any amendments that may be required. As security systems are only effective if they continue to address existing and anticipated threats and to fully comply with international, national and local regulatory requirements, periodical aviation security audits are of vital importance. I-SEC experts possess vast international experience in the performance of such audits and the recommend steps that must be taken to ensure full compliance and suitability of the aviation security system.
 
Aviation Security Technology
 
In the interest of enabling clients to maintain the required level of security while reducing operational costs, I-SEC utilizes several innovative, proprietary means.
 
NAPS (New Advanced Passenger Screening)
 
NAPS is a sophisticated IT-system that enables pre-departure analysis of passenger information and is designed to help screen airline passengers in a faster and more efficient manner. It was developed based on the extensive experience and knowledge accumulated by the Company’s professionals and in accordance with European and US regulations. Furthermore, the tool was updated recently to capture the new privacy regulations.
 
X-Check

X-Check including I-Check supports the document screening process in high-risk flight environments. The application turns a tablet or cellphone into an extremely fast and accurate passport and barcode scanner. Once the X-Check tablet app is connected to the X-Check infrastructure, a wide variety of functionalities including security vetting, become available guiding the security agent and supervisors intuitively through the features and functionality.
 
Services Offered in the United States of America
 
As of December 31, 2022 Huntleigh provides limited aviation security services and other aviation related services at approximately 30 airports in 22 states.
 
The limited security services provided by Huntleigh involve the following:
 

 •
Private Charter Flight Screening for Airlines - which includes security check of passengers' body and carry-on items.

•
Cargo Security Screening – for some international and domestic carriers.

•
Catering Security Screening – for some international and domestic carriers.

•
Aircraft Security Screening – for some international and domestic carriers.

•
Aircraft Search – search of the entire aircraft to detect dangerous objects.
 
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Each of the non– security services involve one of the following specific job classifications:
 
Agent Services for Airlines
 
Agent services include vendor behind counters and baggage service (BSO). Although   an agent is a Huntleigh employee, the employee is considered a representative of specific airlines.
 
Guard Services
 
Guard services involve guarding secured areas including aircraft. Huntleigh also provides guard services to schools, places of worship, homeowners association, events, etc. In addition, Huntleigh is offering and providing camera security monitoring services.
 
Queue Monitors
 
Huntleigh provides queue monitors assisting passengers before the checkpoint.
 
Aircraft Cleaning
 
Huntleigh provides employees who perform aircraft cleaning services such as the following:
 

 •
Cleaning the aircraft interior

•
Conducting cabin searches

•
Waxing the aircraft exterior
 
Janitorial
 
Huntleigh provides janitorial services to airline airport offices, airline terminal areas, airline gates and office buildings.
 
Shuttle Service
 
Huntleigh provides shuttle services to airline crews between hotels and airports.
 
Skycap Services Provider
 
A skycap assists passengers with their luggage. Located at the curb side of the check-in at airports, a skycap checks in passengers' luggage and meets security requirements established by the TSA to screen passengers. A skycap also assists arriving passengers with transporting luggage from the baggage carousel to ground transportation or other designated areas.
 
A skycap also may transport checked baggage from the curbside check-in to the airline counter. Concierge Service involves a skycap monitoring the baggage carousel to ensure that passengers do not remove luggage not belonging to them.
 
Wheelchair Attendants
 
Wheelchair attendants transport passengers through the airport in airline and/or Company owned wheelchairs and may also operate electric carts for transporting passengers through the airport. Working closely with the attendants are dispatch agents who monitor requests and assignments for wheelchairs and dispatch the attendants as needed utilizing various wheelchair dispatch technologies.
 
Baggage Handling Services
 
Huntleigh provides employees who move passengers’ baggage from the check- in counter to screening machines and/or vice versa, as well as moving oversized baggage from check-in to appropriate bag belts.
 
Cruise line baggage transfer
 
Huntleigh provides baggage handlers from the airport to the seaport and vice versa for cruise line passengers.
 
VIP Meet and Greet Services
 
Huntleigh provides VIP meet and greet services of assisting passengers with the transition through the airport on arrival and / or departure.
 
Equipment for Passengers with Restricted Mobility
 
In December 2019, Aviation Mobility Solutions Inc. a subsidiary of Huntleigh, was formed in order to find, evaluate and deliver new and innovative products for passengers with restricted mobility. Equipment examples are: E-mobby, Multi Mobby and Mobby wheelchairs.
 
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Authentication Systems and Solutions
 
AU10TIX, an identity management company, is on a mission to obliterate fraud and further a more secure and inclusive world. The company provides critical, modular solutions to verify and link physical and digital identities so businesses and their customers can confidently connect. Over the past decade AU10TIX has become the preferred partner of major global brands for customer onboarding and customer verification automation and continues to work on the edge of what’s next for identity’s role in society. AU10TIX’s proprietary technology provides results in less than 8 seconds, enabling businesses to onboard customers faster while preventing fraud, meeting compliance mandates and, importantly, promoting trust and safety.
 
Product & Technology
 
AU10TIX’s modular SaaS offering for identity verification and fraud prevention automates the capture, authentication and content retrieval from physical ID documents. AU10TIX speeds up customer screening and enrollment while enhancing security and ID fraud prevention with 100% automated (i.e., no data entry or back-office dependencies) forensic-level forgery, counterfeiting and risk factor detection and higher conversion rates of borderline quality images. AU10TIX technology in addition is data-rich, and has  fast-response exception reporting and multi-lingual document content support while providing rapid processing (typically 8 seconds or less for the complete verification process).
 
AU10TIX technology is designed for security-sensitive and business-sensitive environments such as airports, border control, financial services, etc. which require hi-resolution document imaging, auto image optimization, auto-classification of documents up to version level, extraction of readable + encoded content including MRZ lines and barcodes. The automated technology provides real-time cropping of face photograph, multi-factor identity authentication immediate detailed exception alerts, ability to integrate with chip readers and barcode readers, ability to integrate with biometric inputs and ability to query date against databases or watch-lists.
 
AU10TIX’s core engine along with new products like SECURE.ME, a white label identity verification experience, automates all essential components of customer onboarding and KYC initiation in regulated markets including ID document authentication, face matching, Proof-Of-Address processing and identity data verification and screening (eIDVS).
 
AU10TIX enables fully automated ID image recognition and optimization, pre-screening, content retrieval, forgery, counterfeiting collateral risk flag detection and exception reporting. Clients are also offered SDK packages to improve and control ID and face image capturing by customers.
 
This portfolio of services enables service providers to rapidly automate customer onboarding and AML/KYC processes.
 
AU10TIX incorporates advanced AI algorithms that increase the accuracy of analyzing images at a broad range of image quality levels for various types of official ID documents. The system is designed to handle images that originate from any common imaging device including mobile phones, tablets, computer webcams, etc.
 
AU10TIX is relevant for a variety of commercial and government markets many of which are required to comply with KYC regulations. The technology can be integrated with additional Identity Data Verification and Screening (eIDV/eIDVS) as a client or 3rd party augmented service or seamlessly integrated into AU10TIX’s ID authentication and POA handling components, enabling automated submission of customer data to the required person and address verification services, as well as screening services such as PEPs & Sanctions, watchlists, etc. through a single API call.
 
Target Markets
 
Key markets for AU10TIX are financial services including banking, insurance, payments, wallets, money transfer, lending, remittance, online investments, trading and forex, cryptocurrency exchanges, rental services, sharing economy, professional services, telecommunications and social media, etc.
 
Investments
 
Artemis Therapeutics, Inc.
 
As of December 31, 2022, the Company owns less than 1% of the issued and outstanding share capital of Artemis Therapeutics, Inc. (“ATMS”). On March 6, 2022, ATMS entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Manuka Ltd. and the shareholders of Manuka Ltd., a company incorporated in Israel engaged in developing and manufacturing skincare products based on Manuka honey and bee venom. Following those agreements Manuka Ltd. became a wholly owned subsidiary of the ATMS. As the shareholders of Manuka Ltd. received the largest ownership interest in ATMS, Manuka Ltd. was determined to be the “accounting acquirer” in a reverse recapitalization.
 
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The market value of the Company's investment in ATMS as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 is $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The Company evaluated the stock price of ATMS but as ATMS share price is low, the number of shares that are being traded is low and as ATMS still does not have any material revenue or profitable operations, the Company determined that the value of the investment is impaired and accordingly, valued the investment at zero.
 
Freezone I-SEC Korea Inc.
 
In April 2018, the Company signed a Joint Venture Agreement with a South Korean Company in order to establish a Joint Venture Company (“JVC”) and to provide aviation security and non-security services in South Korea. Each one of the parties holds 50% (fifty percent) of the JVC’s equity. The Company uses the equity method for this investment. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s investment is 33.8 million KRW ($0). For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized a loss in its consolidated statements of operations of 125 million KRW, 10.5 million KRW and 17.7 million KRW, respectively ($0.1 million, $0 million and $0 million as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively) from its investment in the JVC. In January 1, 2023, the Company sold its part in the JVC to the South Korean Company for an amount of €25 thousand ($27 thousand as of December 31, 2022). At December 31, 2022 the Company wrote off $0.1 million of the investment to match the sale price.
 
Mesh Technologies, Inc.
 
In January 2019, the Company invested an amount of $0.1 million in Mesh Technologies, Inc. (“Mesh”), a company incorporated in the USA. As of December 31, 2021, the investment represented less than 1% of the issued and outstanding share capital of Mesh. Mesh is a technology company providing cross-border payments technology by innovating on the existing payment rails of established card networks available in the market. As Mesh is a private, closely-held company, there is no active market for this investment. Therefore, the Company measures the investment at cost minus impairment. In December 2021, the Company sold approximately 25% of its investment for a total amount of $0.2 million and recognized a gain of $0.2 million.
 
Arrow Ecology & Engineering Overseas (1999)
 
In December 2019, the Company invested an amount of $1.8 million in Arrow Ecology & Engineering Overseas (1999) Ltd (“Arrow”), a limited company incorporated in Israel. Arrow develops and operates a sustainable green process to recycle mixed and sorted municipal solid waste. Arrow is in discussions to build plants in various locations. The Company purchased few types of shares representing 22.6% of Arrow’s equity for an amount of $22 thousand and shareholders loans were purchased for a price of $1.7 million ($4.1 million stated value less $2.4 million allowance for credit losses which have not changed since the acquisition). The Company uses the equity method for this investment. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized its share in Arrow losses in the amount of $0 million, $1.0 million and $0.8 million, respectively, from this investment.
 
The Company suspended its use of the equity method to accounting for this investment in 2023 after its investment balance was reduced to zero.
 
The Company has an agreement with an entity related to its main shareholder, according to which, if the value of the investment decreases, the related party entity has guaranteed to repurchase this full investment at a minimum amount of $1.9 million. The guarantee is effective immediately as of the date of purchase and terminates on January 1, 2025. Some Directors, managers and shareholders of Arrow are related parties of the Company.
 
GreenFox Logistics LLC.
 
In March 2020, the Company invested an amount of $0.1 million in GreenFox Logistics, LLC. (“GreenFox”), a company incorporated in the USA. The investment was done as SAFE investment (Simple Agreement for Future Equity). GreenFox is an on-demand delivery/moving/transportation company. As GreenFox is a private, closely held company, there is no active market for this investment. Therefore, the Company measures the investment at cost minus impairment.
 
Sardine AI Corp.
 
In August 2020, the Company invested an amount of $0.1 million in SardineAI Corp (“SardineAI”), a company incorporated in the USA. In return, the Company received preferred shares representing less than 1% of SardineAI equity. SardineAI is a Fraud Prevention-as-a-Service (FaaS) platform for Digital businesses to detect frauds and financial crimes. As SardineAI is a private, closely held company, there is no active market for this investment. Therefore, the Company measures the investment at cost minus impairment. In January 2023, the Company sold approximately 85% of its investment for a total amount of $0.8 million.
 
Silver Circle One
 
In December 2021, March 2022 and December 2022, the Company invested a total amount of $38 thousand in Silver Circle One, a capital fund which aims to invest in private emerging companies with focus on consumer, commerce and technology companies. The company committed to invest up to $0.1 million on the pool. As Silver Circle One is a private, closely-held fund, there is no active market for this investment. Therefore, the company measures the investment at cost minus impairment.
 
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Justt Fintech Ltd (previously Acrocharge Ltd)
 
In December 2021, the Company invested an amount of $0.1 million in Justt Fintech Ltd (“Justt”), a company incorporated in Israel. As of December 31, 2022, the investment represented less than 1% of the issued and outstanding share capital of Justt Fintech Ltd. Justt is a technology company which fully automated chargeback disputes on behalf of online merchants. As Justt is a private, closely-held company, there is not active market for this investment. Therefore, the Company measures the investment at cost minus impairment.
 
Nilus OS Ltd
 
In March 2022, the Company invested an amount of $25 thousand in Nilus OS Ltd. (“Nilus”), a company incorporated in Israel. As of December 31, 2022, the investment represented less than 1% of the issued and outstanding share capital of Nilus. Nilus is a company that automates payment and financial workflows for platforms that involve transfers of money. As Nilus is a private, closely-held company, there is no active market for this investment. Therefore, the Company measures the investment at cost minus impairment.
 
Revenue
 
Revenue generated from customers by geographical area based on the geographical location of the customers invoicing address is as follows:
 
Revenue in Germany
Our revenue in Germany during the years 2022, 2021 and 2020 totaled $111.8 million (34% of total revenue), $126.4   million (39% of total   revenue) and $119.5 million (48% of total revenue), respectively.
 
Revenue in the U.S.
Our revenue in the United States of America during the years 2022, 2021 and 2020 totaled $88.3million (27% of total revenue), $94.7 million (29% of total   revenue) and $45.3 million (18% of total revenue), respectively.
 
Revenue in The Netherlands
Our revenue in The Netherlands during the years 2022, 2021 and 2020 totaled $63.8 million (20% of total revenue), $52.2 million (16% of total revenue) and $58.4 million (24% of total revenue), respectively.
 
Revenue in Spain
Our revenue in Spain during the years 2022, 2021 and 2020 totaled $39.4 million (12% of total revenue), $30.9 million (10% of total revenue) and $7.5 million (3% of total revenue), respectively.
 
Revenue in Other Locations
Our revenue in other locations during the years 2022, 2021 and 2020 totaled $21.5 million (7% of total revenue), $20.7 million (6% of total revenue) and $17.7 million (7% of total revenue), respectively.
 
Major Customers
 
Revenue from two customers represented 52% of total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2022, of which customer A accounted for 34% and customer B accounted for 18% of total revenue. Accounts receivable from these two customers represented 31% of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2022.
 
Revenue from three customers represented 64% of total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2021, of which customer A accounted for 39%, customer B accounted for 14% of total revenue and customer C accounted for 11% of total revenue. Accounts receivable from these three customers represented 39% of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2021.
 
Revenue from two customers represented 70% of total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2020 of which customer A accounted for 48% and customer B accounted for 22% of total revenue. Accounts receivable from these two customers represented 47% of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2020.
 
Customers A and B mentioned above, have been principal customers in the last three years.

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Competition
 
Competition in the aviation security and aviation related services industry as well as in the technology industry is intense. Many of our competitors have greater financial, technical and marketing resources. Our competitors might develop and market alternative systems and technologies that may have greater functionality or be more cost effective than the services we provide or the systems that we may develop. If our competitors develop such systems we may not be able to successfully market our systems. Even if we are able to develop systems with greater functionality, which are more cost effective than those developed by our competitors, we may not be able to achieve market acceptance of our systems.
 
Aviation Security Regulatory Matters
 
Our aviation security activities are subject to various regulations imposed by authorities and various local and federal agencies having jurisdiction in the serviced area. The Company, on behalf of its clients, is responsible for adherence to such regulations relating to certain security aspects of their activities. The Company is also responsible to prevent passengers without proper travel documentation from boarding a flight, thereby avoiding fines otherwise imposed on its clients by immigration authorities. We are subject to random periodic tests by government authorities with regard to the professional level of its services and training. Any failure to pass such a test may result in the loss of a contract or a license to perform services or a fine or both. In the airports in which we operate, a license to operate is required from the respective airport authority. The Company currently holds the licenses required to operate in such locations.
 
Climate Change Regulation
 
Our business is not affected directly or indirectly in any way by existing and pending, local, state, regional, federal or international legal      requirements and agreements related to climate change.
 
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Organizational Structure
 
The following are the active subsidiaries of ICTS as of December 31, 2022:
 
I-SEC Global Security B.V. (The Netherlands - 100%) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries:
 
I-SEC International Security B.V. (The Netherlands - 100%), which holds the shares of:
 
I-SEC Benelux Holdings B.V. (Netherlands - 100%) which holds the shares of:
I-SEC Nederland B.V. (Netherlands – 100%)
I-SEC Nederland Security Services B.V. (Netherlands – 100%)
I-SEC Belgium Aviation Security B.V. (Belgium – 100%)

I-SEC Spain Holdings B.V. (Netherlands - 100%) which holds the shares of:
I-SEC Spain Services Management S.L. (Spain - 100%)
I-SEC Spain Security Management S.L. (Spain – 100%)
I-SEC Aviation Security S.L. (Spain – 100%)

I-SEC Nordic Holding B.V. (Netherlands – 100%) which holds the shares of:
I-SEC Denmark Aviation Security A.S (Denmark – 100%)
I-SEC Norway Aviation Security A.S. (Norway – 100%)
I-SEC Finland Aviation Security O.y (Finland – 100%)
I-SEC Sweden Aviation Security A.B. (Sweden – 100%) which holds the shares of:
Quality Detection Dogs Sweden A.B. (Sweden – 51%)*

I-SEC German Holding B.V. (Netherlands – 100%) which holds the shares of:
I-SEC Security Services GmbH (Germany - 100%)
I-SEC German Aviation Holdings 1 B.V. (Netherlands – 100%)** which holds the shares of:
I-SEC Verwaltungs SE (Germany – 100%)***
I-SEC Deutsche Luftsicherheit SE&Co.KG (Germany – 100%)

I-SEC German Special Operations B.V. (Netherlands – 100%)

I-SEC Tech B.V. (Netherlands – 100%)

I-SEC Italia s.r.l. (Italy - 100%), which holds the shares of:
 I-SEC Italia Services s.r.l. (Italy – 100%)

I-SEC Japan K.K. (Japan - 100%)
Freezone I-SEC Korea Inc (South Korea – 50%)*
 
ICTS USA, Inc. (New York - 100%) which holds the shares of:
Huntleigh USA Corporation (Missouri, USA - 100%)
Aviation Mobility Solutions, Inc (Texas, USA – 100%)
 
AU10TIX Technologies B.V. (The Netherlands – 69%,) which holds the shares of:
AU10TIX Limited (Cyprus – 100%) which holds the shares of:
AU10TIX B.V. (The Netherlands – 100%) which holds the shares of:
AU10TIX Ltd. (Israel – 100%), which holds the shares of:
AU10TIX Services Inc. (Texas, USA – 100%)

*The Company’s holdings were sold on January 1, 2023
 
**I-SEC German Aviation Holdings 1 B.V. is a limited partner (100%) of I-SEC Deutsche Luftsicherheit     SE&Co.KG (Germany)
 
***I-SEC Verwaltungs SE is a general partner (0%) of I-SEC Deutsche Luftsicherheit SE&Co.KG (Germany).

19
 
Property, Plant and Equipment
 
The Company leases certain premises under various operating leases. Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows (in millions):
 
Year ended December 31,
  
2023     
  
$
4.4
  
2024     
    
3.4
  
2025     
    
1.6
  
2026     
    
1.0
  
2027     
    
0.7
  
Thereafter
    
0.3
  
   
$
11.4
  
 
Lease expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are $6.2 million, $6.0 million and $5.5 million, respectively.
 
Item 5.         Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
 
This section contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 concerning our business, operations and financial condition. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this annual report on Form 20-F regarding ICTS's strategy, future operations, financial position, costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. When used in this annual report on Form 20-F the words “expect”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “plan”, “believe”, “seek”, “estimate”, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Because these forward- looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements for a number of important reasons, including those discussed under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F.
 
We cannot guarantee any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. The forward-looking statements contained in this annual report on Form 20-F represent managements’ expectations as of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F and should not be relied upon as representing ICTS's expectations as of any other date. Subsequent events and developments will cause management's expectations to change. However, while we may elect to update these forward-looking statements, ICTS specifically disclaims any obligation to do so, even if its expectations change.
 
Overview
 
The Company operates in four reportable segments (a) corporate (b) airport security (c) other aviation related services and (d) authentication technology. Until December 31, 2021 the Company used to present the results of the airport security and the other aviation related services as one consolidated segment. The corporate segment does not generate revenue and contains primarily non-operational expenses. The airport security segment provides security services primarily to airport authorities and airlines predominantly in Europe. The other aviation related services segment provides services primarily to airlines and airport authorities in the United States of America. The authentication technology provides authentication services to financial and other companies, predominantly in the United States of America. All inter-segment transactions are eliminated in consolidation. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole.
 
Critical Accounting Estimates
 
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Our critical accounting policies that require the use of judgment and estimates are: (a) valuation allowance of deferred income taxes and (b) determination of the estimated fair value of the AU10TIX preferred shares conversion in 2021. Please refer to Note 2 of ICTS’s consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2022 for a summary of ICTS’s significant accounting policies.
 
Income Taxes
 
The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established when realization of net deferred tax assets is not considered more likely than not.
 
20
 
Uncertain income tax positions are determined based upon the likelihood of the positions being sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the consolidated financial statements in the period during which management believes it is more likely than not that the position will not be sustained. Income tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Income tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of income tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized if challenged by the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with income tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured is reflected as income taxes payable.
 
Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests 
 
When the Company or its subsidiaries issues preferred shares, it considers the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480 –"Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity" (Topic 480) in order to determine whether the preferred share should be classified as a liability. If the instrument is not within the scope of Topic 480, the Company or its subsidiaries further analyses the instruments characteristics in order to determine whether it should be classified within temporary equity (mezzanine) or within permanent equity in accordance with the provisions of Topic 480-10-S99. AU10TIX redeemable convertible preferred shares are not mandatorily or currently redeemable. However, it includes a liquidation or deemed liquidation events that would constitute a redemption event that is outside of the Company’s control. As such, all shares of redeemable preferred shares have been presented outside of permanent equity. The Company has not adjusted the carrying values of the redeemable preferred shares to the deemed liquidation values of such shares since a liquidation event was not probable at any of the balance sheet dates. Subsequent adjustments to increase or decrease the carrying values to the ultimate liquidation values will be made only if and when it becomes probable that such a liquidation event will occur.
 
21
Following the SPA on June 28, 2021, the Company has assessed whether the change in the terms of the AU10TIX Preferred Shares (“Preferred Shares”) following the closing of the 2021 SPA constituted a modification or extinguishment for accounting purposes by comparing the fair value of these Preferred Shares immediately before and immediately after the closing of the 2021 SPA. An extinguishment occurs when the difference in fair value exceeds 10%, while a modification occurs when such fair value difference is lower than 10%.
 
Additionally, the carrying value of the Series A-1 Shares, which were previously presented among non-controlling interests, were reclassified to redeemable non-controlling interests and initially recognized at their fair value following their re-designation as New Series A Preferred Shares.
 
Following the modification and extinguishment of the Preferred Shares and the reclassification of the Series A-1 Shares, in 2021 the Company adjusted the carrying value of the redeemable non-controlling interests by $9.1 million, with a corresponding decrease to additional paid-in capital and non-controlling interests in the amounts of $10.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively.
 
Discussion and Analysis of the Results of Operations
 
The following table summarizes our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. However our discussion of the results of operations excludes the comparison of the results for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Refer to item 5, Operating and Financial Review and Prospects-Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021 which was filed with the SEC on May 16, 2022.
 
   
U.S. Dollars in Thousands
  
   
Year ended December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
                   
Revenue          
  
$
324,977
    
$
324,934
    
$
248,419
  
Cost of revenue          
    
261,181
      
209,771
      
196,569
  
Gross profit          
    
63,796
      
115,163
      
51,850
  
Operating expenses:
                        
Research and development          
    
13,601
      
12,114
      
6,541
  
Selling, general and administrative          
    
53,799
      
50,882
      
37,239
  
Goodwill impairment          
    
-
      
139
      
-
  
Total operating expenses          
    
67,400
      
63,135
      
43,780
  
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)          
    
(3,604
)
    
52,028
      
8,070
  
Equity loss from investment in affiliates          
    
97
      
983
      
790
  
Other income (expenses), net          
    
113
      
(537
)
    
(1,288
)
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSES          
    
(3,588
)
    
50,508
      
5,992
  
Income tax expenses          
    
1,646
      
9,220
      
590
  
NET INCOME (LOSS)          
    
(5,234
)
    
41,288
      
5,402
  
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests          
    
(509
)
    
6,481
      
999
  
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V
  
$
(4,725
)
  
$
34,807
    
$
4,403
  
 
22
The following table sets forth, for the annual periods indicated, certain results of operations data as a percentage of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:
 
   
Year ended December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
Revenue          
    
100.0
%
    
100.0
%
    
100.0
%
Cost of revenue          
    
80.4
%
    
64.6
%
    
79.2
%
Gross profit          
    
19.6
%
    
35.4
%
    
20.8
%
Research and development          
    
4.2
%
    
3.7
%
    
2.6
%
Selling, general and administrative          
    
16.5
%
    
15.7
%
    
15.0
%
Goodwill impairment          
    
-
%
    
-
%
    
-
%
Total operating expenses          
    
20.7
%
    
19.4
%
    
17.6
%
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)          
    
(1.1
)%
    
16.0
%
    
3.2
%
Equity loss from investment in affiliates          
    
(-
)%
    
(0.3
)%
    
(0.3
)%
Other income (expenses ), net          
    
-
%
    
(0.2
)%
    
(0.5
)%
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSES          
    
(1.1
)%
    
15.5
%
    
2.4
%
Income tax expenses          
    
0.5
%
    
2.8
%
    
0.2
%
NET INCOME (LOSS)          
    
(1.6
)%
    
12.7
%
    
2.2
%
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests          
    
0.1
%
    
2.0
%
    
0.4
%
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V
    
(1.5
)%
    
10.7
%
    
1.8
%
 
The following table sets forth, for the annual periods indicated, the Company’s revenues generated from customers by geographical area based on the geographical location of the customers invoicing address:
 
   
(U.S. Dollars in Thousands)
  
   
Year ended December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
Germany          
  
$
111,826
    
$
126,367
    
$
119,500
  
United States of America          
    
88,333
      
94,743
      
45,305
  
The Netherlands          
    
63,842
      
52,165
      
58,446
  
Spain          
    
39,448
      
30,946
      
7,465
  
Other          
    
21,528
      
20,713
      
17,703
  
Total Revenue          
  
$
324,977
    
$
324,934
    
$
248,419
  
 
Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021
 
The COVID-19 outbreak has developed rapidly in 2020 and 2021, with a significant number of cases. The Company is dependent mostly in Europe and the United States of America for its business on the airline industry. In addition, the decisions taken by various governments have affected economic activity and the Company’s business as following:
 

 •
Decrease of travel by flights, reducing the demand for services the Company provide as part of its airport security and other aviation services. As a result, our cumulative revenues of the airport security and other aviation services in the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were lower than our revenues in previous years. During 2022 we have seen improvement in the aviation industry. However, in some locations, the industry suffered from a shortage in manpower making it difficult to handle the growing demand. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has overcome the manpower shortage in most of the locations in which it operates.
 

 •
Governments, in some of the countries in which we operate, have announced the implementation of government assistance measures which mitigated the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our results and liquidity. During 2022, 2021 and 2020, in the United States of America, the government has approved a payroll support of $0 million, $15.9 million and $13.7 million to the American subsidiary of the Company. Out of those amounts the American subsidiary recognized amounts of $0 million, $16.9 million and $12.7 million respectively, as reduction of labor expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. In the Netherlands, the government has approved a support of €3.7. million, €18.1 and €17.6 million ($3.9 million, $22.6 million and $21.6 million as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. The Dutch government terminated the support program on March, 2022. In Germany, the employees are eligible for payroll support up to 60% of the employee’s payroll (on an individual basis) where the employees meet the support plan requirements. Currently, the Company does not expect those governmental measures to be renewed or extended.
 
23

 •
As the majority of the Company’s operations are in Euros, the yearly results are being affected by the movements in exchange rates between the Euros and the US Dollars. The yearly average exchange rate for the year 2022 was 1.05 USD to 1.00 Euro compared to 1.18 USD to 1.00 Euro in 2021, representing a decrease of approximately 11%.
 
During 2022 the Crypto market has been volatile and was negatively affected, for the most part by the monetary tightening by central banks around the world to combat inflation. The Company’s authentication technology segment provides services to some customers in this market, adversely impacting the Company’s revenues.
 
Revenue
 
Total revenue in 2022 was $325.0 million compared to $324.9 million in 2021.
 
Revenue generated in Germany was $111.8 million in 2022 compared to $126.4 million in 2021. As revenue in Germany is in Euro, it is being affected also by exchange rate fluctuations as its being translated to USD. Revenue of 2021 according to the 2022 exchange rate would have been $113.1. million.
 
Revenue generated in the Netherlands was $63.8 million in 2022 compared to $52.2 million in 2021. The increase in revenue generated in the Netherlands was a result of more services provided to our main customer in the Netherlands (Schiphol Airport) and increases in the hourly rate paid to employees and reimbursed to the Company by Schiphol Airport. As revenue in the Netherlands is in Euro, it is being affected also by exchange rate fluctuations as it is being translated to USD. Revenue of 2021 according to the 2022 exchange rate would have been $46.4 million.
 
Revenue generated in the United States of America was $88.3 million in 2022, compared to $94.7 million in 2021. The decrease in revenue generated in the United States of America was primarily a result of decrease of services provided by the authentication technology segment to American customers, especially to customers involved in the crypto markets. Revenue of the authentication technology generated in the United States of America decreased from $58.5 million in 2021 to $34.4 million in 2022. On the other hand, services provided by our other aviation related services segment to its customers in the United States of America increased from $36.2 million in 2021 to $54.0 million following a recovery in the airline industry in 2022 and increases in minimum wage rates.
 
Revenue generated in Spain was $39.4 million in 2022 compared to $30.9 million in 2021. The increase in revenue generated in Spain represent new contracts in Spain and an increase of services to existing customers. As revenue in Spain is in Euro, it is being affected also by exchange rate fluctuations as it is being translated to USD. Revenue in 2021 according to the 2022 exchange rate would have been $27.5 million.
 
Revenue outside Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and the United States of America totaled $21.5 million in 2022 compared to $20.7 million in 2021.
 
Cost of Revenue
 
Cost of revenue was $261.2 million or 80.4%, compared to $209.8 million or 64.6% of revenue in 2021. The majority of cost of revenue relates to payroll and related costs. Following the recovery of the airport security and other aviation related services segments in 2022, the cost of revenue increased. Following the COVID-19 crisis some countries provided financial assistance to the Company and its subsidiaries at the airport security and other aviation related services segments, which reduced the Company’s labor costs. The major countries that provided assistance were: (a) the Netherlands provided for the years 2022 and 2021 financial and payroll support to the Dutch companies in the group of €3.7. million and €18.1 million ($3.9 million and $22.6 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021), respectively reducing the Company’s labor costs. (b) the United States of America provided in 2022 and 2021 to the Company payroll support of $0 million and $15.9 million, respectively, of which $0 million and $16.9 million were used and recognized in 2022 and 2021, respectively, reducing the Company’s labor costs in the United States of America. Those amounts were recorded in the Company’s books as reduction of payroll expenses, which decreased the cost of revenue, especially in 2021.In addition, following the shortage in manpower in many locations in which the Company operates and increases of minimum wage rates in few states in the United States of America, the labor costs of the Company increased.
 
Research and Development Expenses (“R&D”)
 
Research and development costs were $13.6 million or 4.2% of revenue, compared to $12.1 million or 3.7% of revenue in 2021. As the authentication technology segment is looking to increase its sales, developments and activities, the Company increased the number of employees in its Research and Development department especially in the first half year of 2022, resulting mostly in increase of the R&D payroll costs.

24
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (“SG&A”)
 
SG&A expenses were $53.8 million or 16.5% of revenue in 2022, compared to $50.9 million or 15.7% of revenue in 2021. The Company’s payroll, related expenses and commissions increased by $5.2 million compared to 2021. However, in 2021 payroll costs included a special governmental assistance from the Dutch government of $2.7M which reduced the labor costs. Marketing expenses increased by $1.0 million, relating to the efforts of the authentication technology segment to expand and increase its sales. The Company’s legal and accounting expenses decreased by $1.5 million. The decrease in 2022 relates mostly to less legal costs regarding due diligence preparations and less bid costs in 2022 compared to 2021. In 2021 there were also one-time legal costs regarding the change on AU10TIX ownership. The Company reduced its other SG&A costs by approximately $1.8 million compared to 2021.
 
Equity Loss from Investment in Affiliates
 
Equity loss from investment in affiliates was $0.1 million compared to $1.0 million in 2021. The Company recognized its estimated share in Arrow Ecology & Engineering Overseas (1999) (“Arrow”) loss in the amount of $0 million and $1.0 million, respectively, from this investment for the years 2022 and 2021. The Company suspended its use of the equity method to accounting for this investment in 2023 after its investment balance was reduced to zero.
 
Goodwill Impairment
 
In February 2021, the Company acquired 51% of the outstanding shares of Quality Detection Dogs Sweden AB (“QDD”) and recorded goodwill of €0.1 million ($0.1 million as of December 31, 2021). As QDD’s revenue, operating profits and cash flows were lower than expected, an impairment loss of $0.1 million was recognized in 2021. The Company sold its part on this investment in January 1, 2023 for a non-material amount.
 
Other Income (Expenses), net
 
Other income (expenses), net, were $0.1 million or 0% of revenues in 2022, compared to $0.5 million or 0.2% of revenues in 2021. Interest expenses decreased by $0.4 million in 2022 following the expiration of the Company’s lines of credit in the Netherlands and the United States of America. In addition, in 2022 the Company recorded exchange rate income of $0.7 million compared to exchange rate income of $0.1 million in 2021.
 
Income Tax Expenses
 
Income tax expenses were $1.6 million or 0.5% of revenue in 2022 compared to $9.2 million or 2.8% of revenue in 2021. Income tax expenses relating to the authentication technology segment were $0.2 million in 2022 compared to $4.8 million in 2021. The fact that the authentication technology has net losses in 2022 resulted in lower income tax expenses compared to 2021 which was a very profitable year. Income tax expenses relating to the airport security were $1.3 million in 2022 compared to $3.9 million in 2021. Income tax expenses relating to the other aviation related services were $0.1 million in 2022 compared to $0.5 million in 2021. In 2021, the Company has received payroll support from different governments which reduced materially the labor costs and increased the profitability. Although some of the subsidiaries of the Company were profitable in 2021, previous net operating losses were utilized to reduce the yearly income tax expenses.
 
Reportable Segment
 
The following table sets forth, for the annual periods indicated, certain financial data related to the Company’s reportable segments. However our discussion of the reportable segments excludes the comparison for the year ended December 31, 2020. Refer to item 5, Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021, which was filed with the SEC on May 16, 2022.

25
 
   
U.S. Dollars in Thousands
  
   
Corporate
    
Airport
Security
    
Other
Aviation related
Services
    
Authentication
Technology
    
Total
  
Year ended December 31, 2022:
                              
   Revenue          
  
$
-
    
$
224,037
      
53,954
    
$
46,986
    
$
324,977
  
   Depreciation and amortization          
    
71
      
779
      
286
      
1,318
      
2,454
  
   Net income (loss)          
    
(2,921
)
    
1,128
      
(2,229
)
    
(1,212
)
    
(5,234
)
   Goodwill          
    
-
      
646
      
-
      
-
      
646
  
   Total assets          
    
8,698
      
82,016
      
25,072
      
68,847
      
184,633
  
                                         
Year ended December 31, 2021:
                                        
   Revenue          
  
$
-
    
$
217,463
    
$
36,224
    
$
71,247
    
$
324,934
  
   Depreciation and amortization          
    
75
      
939
      
167
      
880
      
2,061
  
   Net income (loss)          
    
(2,020
)
    
7,202
      
14,710
      
21,396
      
41,288
  
   Goodwill
    
-
      
690
      
-
      
-
      
690
  
   Total assets          
    
10,349
      
84,923
      
27,502
      
73,106
      
195,880
  
                                         
Year ended December 31, 2020:
                                        
   Revenue          
  
$
-
    
$
194,477
    
$
28,177
    
$
25,765
    
$
248,419
  
   Depreciation and amortization          
    
72
      
994
      
308
      
716
      
2,090
  
   Net income (loss)          
    
(3,853
)
    
(2,779
)
    
8,835
      
3,199
      
5,402
  
   Goodwill
    
-
      
746
      
-
      
-
      
746
  
   Total assets          
    
12,488
      
72,851
      
13,699
      
41,350
      
140,388
  

Corporate Segment
 
The Company’s loss in the corporate segment increased from $2.0 million in 2021 to $2,9 million in 2022. During 2022 the corporate segment payroll and related costs increased by $0.4. As the corporate segment is located in the Netherlands, it was entitled to payroll support granted by the Dutch government in 2021 which reduced the labor costs. In 2022 the Company had exchange rate income of $0 million compared to exchange rate income of $0.3 million in 2021. Legal costs increased in 2022 by $0.3 million compared to 2021 following the inquiry proceedings initiated by a minority shareholder of the Company.
 
Airport Security Segment
 
Increase in revenue from the airport security segment from $217.5 million in 2021 to $224.0 million in 2022 relates to the recovery of the aviation industry from the COVID-19 crisis in 2021. As the majority of this segments operations are in Euros, the yearly results are being affected by the movements in exchange rates between the Euros and the US Dollars. The yearly average exchange rate for the year 2022 was 1.05 USD to 1.00 Euro compared to 1.18 USD to 1.00 Euro in 2021, representing a decrease of approximately 11%.
 
The Company’s net income (loss) from the airport security was $1.1 million in 2022 compared to $7.2 million in 2021. The main reasons for the difference between 2022 and 2021 are: (a) in 2022 and 2021 the segment received financial and payroll support from the Dutch government of €3.7 million and €18.1 million ($3.9 million and $22.6 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021), respectively, which was recorded as reduction of expenses. and (b) recovery of the aviation industry in 2022 which increased the demand for our services.
 
Other Aviation Related Services Segment
 
Increase in revenue from aviation related services segment from $36.2 million in 2021 to $54.0 million in 2022 relates to the recovery of the aviation industry from the COVID-19 crisis in 2021.
 
The Company’s net income (loss) from the other aviation related services was $(2.2) million in 2022 compared to $14.7 million in 2021. The main reasons for the difference between 2022 and 2021 are: (a) In 2022 and 2021 the segment received payroll support from the United States of America government, which $0 million and $16.9 million, respectively, was recorded as reduction of expenses. and (b) recovery of the aviation industry in 2022 which increased the demand for our services. The results of this segment have been affected also by shortage in manpower and increase of minimum wage rates in few states in the United States of America which eroded the profitability of the segment.
 
26

Authentication Technology Segment
 
Revenue in 2022 from the authentication technology segment was $47.0 million compared to $71.2 million in 2021. During 2022 the Crypto market has been volatile and was negatively affected, for the most part by the monetary tightening by central banks around the world to combat inflation. The Company’s authentication technology segment provides services to some customers in this market and because of that, its revenues have been negatively affected. The profit (loss) from this segment amounted $(1.2) million in 2022 compared to $21.4 million in 2021. Decrease in profitability in 2022 was a result of the material decrease in revenue.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
The Company’s most significant expenditures consist of payroll, related costs, professional fees and interest. The Company has historically financed such expenditures through cash flows from operations, funding received from lines of credit, loans with lenders in Europe, the United States of America and borrowings from a convertible note arrangement with a related party.
 
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and bank deposits of $96.0 million and $103.5 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, restricted cash were $20.5 million and $14.7 million which consist of collateral for our letters of credit, derivative instruments and restricted bank accounts in the Netherlands, which are restricted for payments to local tax authorities. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, bank deposits were $24.6 million and $0 million, respectively.
 
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had a working capital of $87.2 million and $113.7 million, respectively and shareholders’ deficit of $10.4 million and $5.8 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company incurred net income (loss) of $(5.2) million, $41.3 million and $5.4 million, respectively, and net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities of $(2.1) million, $53.4 million and $24.2 million, respectively.

The Company had a line of credit in the Netherlands up to €12 million ($12.7 million as of December 31, 2022), which expired in March 2021, although it actually continued until May 2021 (except the line of credit for guarantees of €2.5 million which was in place until March 2022) and additional line of credit in the United States of America up to $10 million which expired in October 2021. As of April 30, 2023, the only line of credit the company has is in Sweden up to 4,000 SEK ($0.4 million as of December 31, 2022).

The Company has an agreement with an entity related to its main shareholder, to provide it with up to $3.0 million in revolving loans through January 2022. Out of this amount $1.2 million are convertible into the Company’s shares at a price of $0.4 per share. In December 2021 the agreement was extended until January 2024, with the ability to draw up to $2.0 million and the interest rate was adjusted to 2.5% per annum.
 
The Company’s business plan projects profit from operations in 2023. The Company is dependent mostly in Europe and the United States of America for its businesses on the airline industry. ICTS is an employee intensive company.

The decisions taken by various governments following the COVID 19 situation have affected economic activity and the Company’s business as following:
 

 •
Decrease of travel by flights, reducing the demand for services the Company provide as part of its airport security and other aviation related services. Those revenues for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $278.0 million, $253.6 million and $222.7 million, respectively.
 

 •
Governments in some of the countries in which we operate have announced the implementation of government assistance measures, which mitigated the negative impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our results and liquidity. In the United States of America, the government has approved in 2022 and 2021 a payroll support of $0 and $15.9 million respectively, to the American subsidiary of the Company. In the Netherlands, the government has approved a financial assistance of €3.7 and €18.1 million ($3.9 and $22.6 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. In Germany, the Company’s employees are eligible for payroll support up to 60% of the employee’s payroll (on individual basis) where the employees meet the support plan requirements. The Company pays to its German employees their full salary and the Company is being reimbursed by the German government for the payroll support amount. The Company does not expect those measures to be renewed or extended.
 

 •
In the Netherlands wage tax, social security and VAT payments for the period March 2020 until September 2021 were postponed and will be paid in 60 monthly installments, starting October 2022. The debt incurs annual interest starting July 2022 of 1% and increases every six months to a maximum of 4% starting January 1, 2024 onwards. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company accumulated debt of €31.8 million and €33.5 million ($33.8 million and $38.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021), respectively, to the Dutch tax authorities.
 
27

The below analysis of cash flows excludes discussions relate to year ended December 31, 2020. Refer to items 5, operating and Financial review and Prospects-Liquidity and Capital Resources in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021, which was filed with the SEC on May 16, 2022.
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
 
Our cash flows from operating activities vary significantly from year to year, depending on our operating results, timing of cash receipts and disbursements on accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities.
 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $(2.1) million. This provided cash resulted primarily from net loss for the year of $5.2 million offset by a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $5.3 million, mostly as 2021 included $9.1 million receivable from the Dutch tax authorities which was fully received during 2022 and in addition, in 2022, it included $1.8 million VAT receivable compared to $0 million in 2021. Deposits increased by $4.5 million. In 2022 there is an increase in accounts payable of $3.0 million compared to 2021, an increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $3.6 million compared to 2021, mostly following increase in deferred revenue of $1.3 million and increase of accrued vacation of $0.9 million - as the company didn’t have enough manpower to supply the demand and less employees took vacations during the year. VAT payable increased in 2022 by $2.7 million following an increase in the revenue of the Company. Other liabilities decreased by $9.3 million mostly due to payments the Company has been making to cover its long term liabilities to the Dutch tax authorities, following the measures taken by the Dutch government and the postpone of payroll taxes, social security and VAT. A non-cash charge of $2.5 million for depreciation and amortization was recognized in 2022.
 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
 
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $2.7 million and consisted primarily of capital expenditures of $1.7 million and capitalization of software costs of $1.4 million.
 
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $2.4 million and consisted primarily of capital expenditures of $1.4 million and capitalization of software costs of $1.0 million.
 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
 
Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $0.2 million which consisted of repayments under the lines of credit, net of $0.1 million and repayment of convertible notes payable to a related party of $0.1 million.
 
Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $7.2 million which consisted of repayments under the lines of credit, net of $7.2 million.
 
Borrowings
 
United States of America
 
The Company’s U.S. subsidiary was a party to a credit facility with a commercial lender, which provided a maximum borrowing capacity up to $10.0 million subject to a borrowing base limitation. The credit facility expired in October 2021. The Company is currently seeking to establish a new line of credit for this subsidiary.
 
Europe
 
The Company had a credit arrangement with a commercial bank, to provide it with up to €12.0 million in borrowings which was renewed in May 2020 through March 2021. Borrowings under the line of credit bore interest at one-month EURIBOR plus 4.8% with a minimum of 4.8% per annum. The Company was also subject to unused line fee of 0.75% per annum, which was payable quarterly. The line of credit expired in March 2021.
 
In addition to the line of credit arrangement, a guarantee facility of €2.5 million ($2.8 million as of December 31, 2021) is provided to the Company by the same commercial bank, which was renewed until March 2022, with an interest of 2.5% per annum and an unused line fee of 0.75% per annum which is payable quarterly. The guarantee facility expired in March 2022. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had €1.0 million ($1.2 million as of December 31, 2021) of outstanding guarantees under the guarantee facility, which related to leases and performance guarantees for contracts.
 
The Company’s weighted average interest rate in Europe during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, is 4.8% and 4.4% respectively.
 
The Company has an additional credit arrangement in Sweden to provide it with up to 4.0 million SEK ($0.4 million as of December 31, 2022) in borrowings. Borrowings under the line of credit bear annual interest of 2.8% and subject to annual extension by the financial institution. The line of credit is secured by accounts receivable of the Swedish subsidiary. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had 1.2 million SEK and 1.8 million SEK ($0.1 million and $0.2 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021) respectively in outstanding borrowings under the line of credit facility.

28
 
Related Parties Financing
 
Convertible Notes Payable to a Related Party

The Company has an agreement with an entity related to its main shareholder, to provide it with up to $3,000 in revolving loans through January 2022. The term of the arrangement can be automatically extended for four additional six-month periods at the option of the holder. Loans received under the arrangement bear interest, which is compounded semi-annually and payable at maturity, at the interest rate of LIBOR plus 7% for U.S. dollar-denominated loans and the Company’s European commercial bank interest base rate plus 3% for Euro-denominated loans. In connection with the arrangement, the holder was granted an option to convert the outstanding notes payable under the arrangement into the Company's common stock at a price of $1.50 per share and the unpaid accrued interest at a price of $0.75 per share.
 
In December 2021, the loan was extended until January 2024, with the ability to draw up to $2,000 and the interest rate was adjusted to 2.5% per annum.
 
The Company’s weighted average interest during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is 2.5%, 7.10% and 7.60%, respectively.
 
Total interest expense related to the note is $28 thousand, $83 thousand and $171 thousand for the years ended December 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, convertible notes payable to this related party consist of $1.1 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

Sale of AU10TIX Technologies B.V. Preferred Shares
 
On July 3, 2019, AU10TIX entered into a Series A Preferred Subscription Agreement (the "Agreement") with TPG Lux 2018 SC I, S.a.r.l ("TPG"), according to which AU10TIX issued 3,000,000 Series A Preferred Shares ("Series A Shares") to TPG for a subscription price of US$60.0 million in cash representing approximately 24% of the outstanding share capital of AU10TIX and 23.077% of the fully-diluted share capital of AU10TIX (see note 16). Transaction costs totaled $4.5 million and were deducted from the redeemable non-controlling interests balance.
 
On November 7, 2019, AU10TIX entered into a Series A and Series A-1 Preferred Subscription Agreement with Oak HC/FT Partners II, L.P. ("Oak"), according to which AU10TIX issued 1,000,000 Series A Preferred Shares and 23,622 Series A-1 Preferred Shares ("Series A-1 Shares" and together with Series A Shares – "the Preferred Shares") to Oak for a subscription price of US$20.0 million in cash representing approximately 7.401% of the outstanding share capital of AU10TIX and 7.143% of the fully-diluted share capital of AU10TIX.  For accounting purposes, the investment was allocated to the Series A and Series A-1 Preferred Shares on a relative fair value basis: $19.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Transaction costs totaled $1.5 million and were deducted from the respective investment amounts.
 
Following the Oak investment, on November 7, 2019, TPG subscribed for 307,087 Series A-1 Shares at nominal value (US$0.001 per share) (“Bonus Issue Series A-1 Shares”) in order to preserve its 23.077% ownership interest in the fully diluted share capital of AU10TIX.
 
The Preferred Shares Rights
 
Liquidation Preference: The holders of Series A Shares (“Series A Holders”) are entitled to a liquidation preference upon the occurrence of a sale, initial public offering (“IPO”), merger, consolidation, reorganization, winding-up, dissolution or liquidation of AU10TIX, pursuant to which the Series A Holders are entitled, on the occurrence of such event and in priority to the ordinary shares, to receive the greater of: (a) an amount equal to the initial subscription price for the Series A Shares, plus all accrued but unpaid dividends in respect of the Series A Shares, less all dividends previously paid on the Series A Shares, and (b) the proceeds distributable in respect of the Series A Shares had they been converted into ordinary shares.  The initial subscription price for the Series A Shares (and calculations derived therefrom) are subject to customary adjustments as set forth in the agreements executed in connection with the Sale.
 
Conversion Rights:  The Series A Shares are subject to conversion into ordinary shares of AU10TIX: (a) on the written request by any Series A Shareholder; and (b) immediately prior to a qualifying IPO of AU10TIX (being an IPO where the net aggregate gross proceeds to AU10TIX exceed US$75 million and where the subscription price per share paid by the public is not less than 150% of the initial subscription price paid for the Series A Shares). Pursuant to these conversion arrangements, the Series A Shares will convert into ordinary shares on a 1:1 basis (subject to certain agreed upon adjustments).
 
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Anti-Dilution Protection: The Shareholders Agreements contain customary broad-based weighted average anti-dilution protection whereby, if further shares are issued by AU10TIX at a price per new security that is less than the initial subscription price paid for the Series A Shares, then the Series A Holders shall be entitled to receive additional Series A Shares (at no further cost) on a weighted-average basis, reflecting the value of equity in AU10TIX as determined based on the subscription price paid in the new issue of securities.
 
Pre-emption Rights: The Shareholders Agreements contain a restriction on issuing any securities ranking senior to or on party with the Series A Shares for as long as TPG and/or any subsequent investor holds at least one third of the overall number of Series A Shares in issue as at the date of completion of the Sale. In addition, each shareholder holding in excess of 3% of the shares of AU10TIX has the right to participate in any new issuance of securities by the AU10TIX, subject to customary exceptions.
 
Exit Rights: At any time from and after the fifth (5th) anniversary of completion of the issuance, upon written request by TPG, AU10TIX is required to use reasonable endeavors to facilitate the sale by TPG of the Preferred Shares (or, following conversion, ordinary shares) to a third party at a price in excess of 150% of the initial subscription price paid for the Series A Shares and subject to a right of first refusal in favor of the Company. In the event that, three (3) months thereafter, a sale of the Preferred Shares held by TPG has not been consummated, upon written request by TPG, AU10TIX is required to facilitate a sale of AU10TIX within six (6) months after such written request, and thereafter, TPG has the right to require AU10TIX to facilitate a sale or IPO of AU10TIX. On the exercise of such rights, each other shareholder (including the Company) is required to cooperate with TPG regarding such sale or IPO and TPG has the right to exercise drag rights over the shares held by other shareholders in order to facilitate such exit event.
 
The Exit Right is part of the issuance of the Series A Shares, and was not entered into separately from the transaction that created the non-controlling interests. The Exit Right is not legally detachable from the non-controlling interests because it is non-transferrable (i.e., the instrument cannot be transferred without the underlying preferred shares). Thus, the Exit Right would not be separately exercisable from the non-controlling interests shares because the non-controlling interests shares will be settled when the Exit Right is exercised. As a result, the Exit Right would be considered embedded in the Series A Shares held by TPG.
 
Shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock are not mandatorily or currently redeemable. However, the Exit Right would constitute a contingent redemption event that is outside of the Company’s control. As such, Series A Shares have been presented outside of permanent equity as redeemable non-controlling interests. The Company has adjusted the carrying value of the redeemable non-controlling interests to adjust for the non-controlling interests share in AU10TIX's profits and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). The Company has not adjusted the carrying values of the redeemable non-controlling interests to the deemed liquidation values of such shares since a liquidation event was not probable at any of the balance sheet dates. Subsequent adjustments to increase or decrease the carrying values to the ultimate liquidation values will be made only if and when it becomes probable that such a liquidation event will occur.
 
The Series A-1 Preferred Shares do not entitle their holders to any liquidation or exit rights as the Series A Preferred Shares, and therefore are classified within permanent equity as non-controlling interests.
 
The anti-dilution provisions cited above have not been bifurcated from the host contract since they are to be settled into AU10TIX's non-traded shares, thus the "net settlement" criteria are not met.
 
On June 28, 2021, TPG, Oak, GF GW LLC (“GF”) and the Company, entered into a Sale and Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”), pursuant to which Oak and GF purchased preferred shares in the Company from TPG.  In connection with the SPA, (i) such parties and the Registrant entered into an amended and restated shareholders agreement (the “SHA”) and an amended and restated registration rights agreement (the “RRA”) and (ii) The Company’s Articles of Association (the “Articles”) were amended by a deed of amendment (the “Deed of Amendment”). 
 
Pursuant to the SPA, OAK purchased 755,906 AU10TIX Series A Preferred shares from TPG and GF purchased 1,511,811 AU10TIX Series A preferred Shares from TPG. In connection with such purchases, all outstanding AU10TIX’s Series A Preferred Shares and Series A-1 Preferred Shares were re-designated as New Series A Preferred Shares and the Ordinary Shares owned by ICTS were re-designated as Class B Ordinary Shares, as described below.
 
In consideration of the benefits to the Company of Oak increasing its shareholding and GF becoming a shareholder, The Company provided certain customary warranties to Oak and GF concerning The Company and its business.  In addition, the Company agreed to be primarily liable to Oak and GF for any breaches by TPG of its customary fundamental warranties given to Oak and GF (including that TPG owns the Company Series A Preferred Shares being sold to Oak and GF); provided, that, TPG has agreed to indemnify and hold The Company harmless for any losses incurred by the Company in relation to such fundamental warranties given by TPG.
 
Following the completion of the sales and purchases contemplated by the SPA on June 28, 2021: (i) the Registrant owned 68.69% of the outstanding share capital of the Company in the form of Class B Ordinary Shares; (ii) Oak owned 12.87% of the outstanding share capital of A the Company in the form of New Series A Preferred Shares; (iii)  GF owned 10.93% of the outstanding share capital of the Company in the form of New Series A Preferred Shares; and (iv) TPG owned 7.51% of the outstanding share capital of the Company in the form of New Series A Preferred Shares.  In addition, The Company may issue up to 500,000 Class A Ordinary Shares under its existing employee stock option plan.
 
30
The SHA and the Articles (as amended by the Deed of Amendment) provide for the following material matters in respect of the rights attaching to the New Series A Preferred Shares and the Ordinary Shares and the ongoing governance of the Company:
 
General: The New Series A Preferred Shares are entitled to one vote per share and rank equally with the Ordinary Shares in regards to dividends. The Ordinary Shares are divided into two classes: Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares, which rank equally as to dividends. The Class A Ordinary Shares are entitled to one vote per share.  The Class B Ordinary Shares are entitled to three votes per share and may only be held by the Registrant and its permitted transferees.
 
Liquidation Preference: the holders of New Series A Preferred Shares (“Series A Holders”) are entitled to a liquidation preference upon the occurrence of a (i) sale, initial public offering, which term includes certain business combinations with a SPAC (an “IPO”), merger, consolidation or reorganization, which results in change of control of the Company, and (ii) winding-up, dissolution or liquidation of the Company, pursuant to which the Series A Holders are entitled, on the occurrence of such event and in priority to the Ordinary Shares, to receive the greater of: (a) US$26.5 million per share, subject to adjustments for certain events affecting the capital of The Company (the “Starting Price”) plus all accrued but unpaid dividends in respect of the New Series A Preferred Shares, less all dividends previously paid on the New  Series A Preferred Shares, and (b) the proceeds distributable in respect of the New Series A Preferred Shares had they been converted into Class A Ordinary Shares. The Ordinary Shares rank equally in liquidation. 

Conversion Rights:  The New Series A Preferred Shares are subject to conversion into Class A Ordinary Shares on a 1:1 basis (subject to adjustments for certain events affecting the capital of The Company): (a) upon the written request by any Series A Holder; and (b) immediately prior to a qualifying IPO of the Company (being an IPO where each Class A Ordinary Share is valued at not less than 150% of the Starting Price at the completion of the IPO, subject to adjustments for certain events affecting the capital of The Company) (a "Qualifying IPO").  The Class B Ordinary Shares are convertible into Class A Ordinary Shares at any time upon the written request of a holder of Class B Ordinary Shares on a 1:1 basis, subject to adjustments for certain events affecting the capital of The Company.
 
Anti-Dilution Protection: The SHA contains customary broad-based weighted average anti-dilution protection whereby, if further shares are issued by The Company at a price per new security that is less than the Starting Price, then the Series A Holders shall be entitled to receive additional Class A Ordinary Shares (at no further cost) on a weighted-average basis, reflecting the value of the equity in The Company, as determined based on the subscription price paid in the new issue of securities.
 
Transfers: Subject to certain customary exceptions, including a transfer to a permitted transferee, any shareholder (other than TPG, Oak and GF) wishing to transfer any of the shares held by it shall first offer such shares to each shareholder holding 3% or more of The Company’s outstanding share capital at the same price and on the same terms at which the selling shareholder wishes to transfer such shares.
 
New Issuances: Subject to certain customary exceptions, each shareholder holding 3% or more of The Company’s outstanding share capital has the right to participate in any new issuance of securities by The Company.
 
Information Rights: Subject to certain exceptions, each shareholder holding 3% or more of The Company’s outstanding share capital is entitled to receive certain financial information regarding The Company including budgets, annual and quarterly accounts and details of any third party offer for the stock or assets of The Company, as well as certain inspection rights.
 
Exit Rights: At any time from and after July 3, 2026, upon written request by Series A Holders holding at least 60% of the then outstanding New Series A Preferred Shares (the “Preferred Majority”), The Company is required to use reasonable endeavors to facilitate a sale of The Company within six months after such written request, and, thereafter, the Preferred Majority has the right to step-in and require The Company to facilitate a sale or IPO. On the exercise of such step-in right, each other shareholder (including the Registrant) is required to cooperate with the Preferred Majority regarding such sale or IPO and the Preferred Majority has the right to exercise drag rights over the shares held by other shareholders in order to facilitate such exit event.
 
Board Arrangements: The Shareholders Agreement and Articles provide that the board of directors of The Company shall be constituted by up to six directors: (i) four  of whom will be appointed by the holder of a majority of the Class B Ordinary Shares (i.e., currently the Registrant); (ii) one of whom will be appointed by Oak (for so long as Oak holds at  least 50% of the  New Series A Preferred Shares held on the date of the closing of the transactions contemplated by the SPA,  subject to adjustments for certain events affecting the capital of The Company); and (iii) one of whom will be appointed by GF (for so long as GF holds at least 50% of the  New Series A Preferred Shares held on the date of the closing of the transactions contemplated by the SPA,  subject to adjustments for certain events affecting the capital of The Company).  As a general matter, the board of The Company is able to pass resolutions by a simple majority, subject to the consent rights of the Preferred Majority set out below.
 
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Preferred Majority Consent Rights: For as long as the Series A Holders  hold, in the aggregate, at least 25% of the New Series  A Shares Preferred Shares held on the date of the closing of the transactions contemplated by the SPA, subject to adjustments for certain events affecting the capital of The Company, the consent of the Preferred Majority is required for the following actions (i) amending the SHA or the Articles in a manner that would adversely affect the rights, preferences or privileges of the New Series A Preferred Shares; (ii) issuing new securities ranking senior to or pari passu with the New Series A Preferred Shares; (iii) making of any dividend or distribution other than a dividend or distribution that is pro rata to the Series A Holders and the holders of the Ordinary Shares; (iv) redeeming any Ordinary Shares; (v) incurring debt in excess of 4.0x The Company’s consolidated EBITDA in the 12-month period ending on the last day of the month preceding the month in which the debt was incurred; (vi) consummating an IPO other than a Qualifying IPO; (vii) making certain changes to the size of the Company’s board; (viii) making any fundamental change in the nature of the business of The Company and its subsidiaries; (ix) entering into related party transactions, unless such transaction is commercially reasonable and on an arm’s-length basis; and (x) either amending the Company’s existing stock option plan or creating a new stock option plan to allow for the issuance of more than 500,000 additional Class A Common Shares.
 
Tag Rights: Following completion of the procedures on transfers set out above, each Series A Holder holding 3% or more of AU10TIX’s outstanding shares will have the right to participate proportionately in any third-party share sale by another shareholder other than a Series A Holder (subject to certain customary exceptions).
 
Drag Rights: The Company has the right to drag other shareholders into an exit event subject to certain requirements being satisfied (including either (i) holders of New Series A Shares receiving the greater of:  (a) the Starting Price and (b) the proceeds distributable in respect of the New Series A Preferred Shares had they been converted into Class A Ordinary Shares, in each case with the approval of the Board, the Preferred Majority and the holders of a majority of the shares or (ii) a minimum value per New Series A Share of 150% of the Starting Price approved by the Board and holders of a majority of the shares, in each case subject to adjustments for certain events affecting the capital of The Company) in relation to such exit transaction.

Termination: The SHA terminates upon (i) the agreement of The Company, the Preferred Majority and a majority of the holders of the Ordinary Shares or (ii) the closing of a Qualifying IPO.
 
Tax Matters: The Company is required to provide the Series A Holders with certain customary information for U.S. federal tax reporting purposes.
 
Confidentiality and Public Announcements: The SHA provides for customary confidentiality protections and limitations on public announcements without consent.
 
The RRA provides the Series A Holders (and in certain cases the holders of the Class B Ordinary Shares) with a limited number of customary long-form and short-form demand registration rights, shelf registration rights and the right to participate under certain conditions if The Company determines to register its shares.  In addition, The Company has undertaken to (i) take certain actions to facilitate the rights of the parties under the RRA; (ii) provide customary indemnification; (iii) not agree to further registration rights superior to those granted under the RRA; and (iv) limit issuances of its shares under certain circumstances set out in the RRA.

Pre-emption Rights: The Shareholders Agreement contains a restriction on issuing any securities senior to or pari passu with the New Series A Preferred Shares for so long as the holders of the New Series A Preferred Shares on June 28, 2021 (or their transferees in accordance with the terms of the Shareholders Agreement) continue to collectively hold at least 25% of such number (appropriately adjusted for certain corporate events) of New Series A Preferred Shares. In addition, each shareholder holding in excess of 3% of the Company’s outstanding shares has the right to participate in any new issuance of securities by the Company, subject to customary exceptions. 
 
The Company has assessed whether the change in the terms of the Preferred Shares following the closing of the 2021 SPA constituted a modification or extinguishment for accounting purposes, by comparing the fair value of these Preferred Shares immediately before and immediately after the closing of the 2021 SPA. An extinguishment occurs when the difference in fair value exceeds 10%, while a modification occurs when such fair value difference is lower than 10%.
 
Additionally, the carrying value of the Series A-1 Shares, which were previously presented among non-controlling interests, were reclassified to redeemable non-controlling interests and initially recognized at their fair value, following their re-designation as New Series A Preferred Shares.
 
Following the modification and extinguishment of the Preferred Shares, and the reclassification of the Series A-1 Shares, the Company adjusted the carrying value of the redeemable non-controlling interests by $9.1 million, with a corresponding decrease to additional paid-in capital and non-controlling interests in the amounts of $10.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively. 

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Research and Development Costs
 
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of payroll and related costs. Research and development costs are $13.6 million, $12.1 million and $6.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
Trend Information
 
Labor market conditions may require the Company to increase its prices when possible according to the contracts with customers. Cost of labor is the main variable in determining any cost increases.
 
The Company might be affected by a worldwide economic slowdown which might affect the aviation industry. As the Company is a service provider to this industry, such trends can affect the results of the Company. During 2021 and 2020 the company has been materially affected by the COVID-19 crisis as mentioned before.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
The Company is a party to a consulting arrangement and agency agreements. In 2022 the Company has signed an employment agreement with a CEO of a subsidiary on which starting in 2023 the CEO is entitled to 10% EBIDA (excluding the applicable taxes) of that subsidiary in addition, the Company has no unconsolidated special purpose entities.
 
Future Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our future contractual obligations as of December 31, 2022:
 
Contractual Obligations
  
Payments due by Period (U.S. Dollars in Thousands)
  
   
Total
    
Less than 1 Year
    
1-3 years
    
4-5 years
    
more than 5 years
  
Consulting agreements          
  
$
850
    
$
170
    
$
510
    
$
170
    
$
-
  
Convertible notes payable - related party
    
1,132
      
-
      
1,132
      
-
      
-
  
Operating lease obligations          
    
11,350
      
4,361
      
6,018
      
971
      
-
  
Governmental payments in the Netherlands (VAT, social security and wage tax)
    
34,751
      
7,189
      
21,996
      
5,566
      
-
  
   
$
48,083
    
$
11,720
    
$
29,656
    
$
6,707
    
$
-
  

The following table summarizes the Company’s other future commercial obligations as of December 31, 2022:
 
Contractual Obligations
  
Payments due by Period (U.S. Dollars in Thousands)
  
   
Total
    
Less than 1 Year
    
1-3 years
    
4-5 years
    
more than 5 years
  
Guarantees and Letters of credit          
  
$
8,250
    
$
4,990
    
$
1,972
    
$
1,288
    
$
-
  

Cyber security

On May 2nd 2022, one of the subsidiaries of ICTS, I-SEC International Security B.V., has experienced a data breach incident. This was a ransomware incident that involved the exposure of information in the Company’s possession including human resources data of current and former employees. The Company has taken steps in an effort to address the incident. The immediate expenses following the incident were approximately $0.8 million. In addition, the Company continues upgrading its technological systems. The incident did not affect its relationships with its customers or any third parties.

33
 
Item 6.          Directors, Senior Management and Employees
 
The following table lists the directors and executive officers of ICTS:
 
   
Age
 
Position
Menachem Atzmon          
 
78
 
Chairman of the Supervisory Board
Ron Atzmon          
 
49
 
Member of the Supervisory Board and Active Chairman  of AU10TIX
Gil Atzmon          
 
47
 
Member of the Supervisory Board
Philip M. Getter          
 
86
 
Member of the Supervisory Board, Chairman of the Audit Committee
David W. Sass          
 
87
 
Member of the Supervisory Board
Gail F. Lieberman          
 
79
 
Member of the Supervisory Board, Member of the Audit Committee and Chairman of the Compensation Committee
Gordon Hausmann          
 
77
 
Member of the Supervisory Board, Member of the Audit Committee and member of the Compensation Committee
Alon Raich          
 
47
 
Joint Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer
Rom Shaked          
 
40
 
Joint Managing Director
 
Menachem J. Atzmon is a CPA (Isr). Since 1976 Mr. Atzmon serves as director and chairman of Spencer Corporation. From 1996 until 2012 Mr. Atzmon has been the managing director of Albermale Investment Ltd., an investment company. Since 1998 until 2012 he has served as the Chairman of the Management Board of Seehafen Rostock, Umschlagsgesellschaft GmbH and its Holding Company. Mr. Atzmon has been a member of the Supervisory Board of ICTS since 1999 and acts as the Chairman of the Supervisory Board since 2004. Since 2010 he serves as the Chairman of Arrow Ecology & Engineering Overseas (1999) Ltd, an advance recycling company. During 2014 Mr. Atzmon was appointed in addition to his role of Chairman of the Supervisory Board to CEO of the Arrow Ecology & Engineering Overseas Ltd.
 
Ron Atzmon is the Managing Director of the AU10TIX Group since September 2008. Mr. Atzmon was the CEO and founder of 1ST2C.com between April 2005 and January 2009. Mr. Atzmon holds an MA in Business Administration from the College of Management Academic, Israel and an MBA from the Imperial College London, UK.
 
Gil Atzmon is the CEO of Arrow Ecology since February 2017. Mr. Atzmon was a Director of Sales at S. Juwal & Co from 2002 to 2017. Mr. Atzmon holds a BA in Business Administration and Management from IDC Herzliya, Israel and an MBA from the London Metropolitan University, UK.
 
Philip M. Getter has been managing member of GEMPH Development LLC since 1985. Mr. Getter has more than 30 years of corporate finance experience. From 2000 to 2005 he was president of DAMG Capital, LLC Investment Bankers. Prior thereto he was head of Investment Banking and a member of the board of directors of Prime Charter, Ltd. After graduation from Cornell University he served as Administrative Assistant to the Director of United States Atomic Energy Commission. From 1960 to 1969 he was a partner with Shearson, Hammill and from 1969 to 1975 Senior Partner of Devon Securities, an international investment-banking boutique. From 1975 to 1984 he was Chairman/CEO of Generics Corporation of America, then one of the largest generic drug companies in the United States of America. As President and CEO of Wolins Pharmacal (1977 to 1984) he led the reorganization and restructuring of this distributor of medical supplies. Mr. Getter was Chairman of Inksure Technologies, Inc.a manufacturer of RFID and security inks. He was a founder of KIDSRx an all-natural pharmaceutical company and Chairman of TCI College of Technology. Mr. Getter has been a member of The Broadway League [League of American Theatres and Producers], Executive Vice Chairman of The Kurt Weill Foundation for Music and Trustee of the American Theatre Wing. He has been involved in most aspects of the entertainment industry and has produced for Broadway, television and film. His productions have earned Pulitzer Prize, Tony and Grammy Awards.
 
David W. Sass for the past 63 years has been a practicing attorney in New York City and is currently a Special Council in the law firm of McLaughlin & Stern, LLP. Mr. Sass is also licensed in the State of Texas. Mr. Sass has been a director of ICTS since 2002 and is also a director of several privately held corporations. Mr. Sass is an Honorary Trustee of Ithaca College.
 
Gail F. Lieberman is the founder and Managing Partner of Rudder Capital, LLC, which provides financial and strategic advisory services for middle-market companies in the services & technology sectors. Previously, she was the Chief Financial Officer for Thomson Corporation’s Financial & Professional Publishing division, Moody’s Investor Service, Inc. and Scali, McCabe, Sloves, Inc. (Ogilvy Group). Ms. Lieberman is a director of Thesys Group, a private financial technology company and a board member and Chairman of the Audit & Finance Committee of WL Gore & associates. Mrs. Lieberman is a board member and lead director of Equilend, a financial technology company, where she chairs the nominating, governance and compensation committee. Formerly Mrs. Lieberman served as board member for the South-Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority, board member, Compensation Committee Chair and Audit Committee Member for Dara Biosciences (NASDAQ: DARA), board member and Audit Committee Chair for I-Trax Inc. (Amex: DMX), board member and Audit and Governance Committee Member for TriPath Imaging Inc. (NASDAQ: TPTH) and board member and Audit Committee Chair for Breeze-Eastern Corporation (Amex: BZC). She also served on the board of FTEN, a financial technology company. Ms. Lieberman holds a BA in Mathematics and Physics and an MBA in Finance from Temple University.
 
34
Gordon Hausmann is the senior partner of his own law firm, founded in London over 35 years ago. He specializes, amongst other things, in corporate and commercial law, including business finance and banking law, litigation and representation of several substantial family offices. Mr. Hausmann holds office as a board member of numerous companies and institutions, including listed companies in the UK Israel and elsewhere, and is a Governor of the Hebrew University. These include an international airline, some Embassies, finance companies (including a company associated with a private Swiss banking group) and other well-known and governmental entities. Mr. Hausmann also holds office and advises a number of charities and philanthropic institutions.
 
Alon Raich is a CPA (Isr). From 2001 to 2002, Mr. Raich worked at the accounting firms Kesselman & Kesselman and PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PWC). Mr. Raich joined ICTS in September 2005 as Financial Controller and became Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of ICTS in 2008. Since February 2020, Mr. Raich is a joint Managing Director and CFO of the Company. Mr. Raich holds a BA degree in economics and accounting and a MA degree in law from Bar Ilan University, Israel.
 
Rom Shaked is a CPA (Isr.) and an attorney at law (Isr.). Mr. Shaked joined ICTS in 2015 as an Internal Auditor. From April 2019 until December 2021 Mr. Shaked was nominated as Deputy CEO of I-SEC International Security B.V. and was responsible for I-SEC’s Quality Assurance and Corporate HR, and was providing support in project management in different areas. As of February 2020, Mr. Shaked is a joint Managing Director of the Company and for I-SEC International. As of January 1st 2022 Mr. Shaked is the CEO of I-SEC International Security B.V. Before joining ICTS Mr. Shaked was working as a financial auditor and in the Israeli Securities Authority (ISA).
 
35
Summary Compensation Table
 
The following table sets forth compensation earned by the Company’s highest paid executive during the years 2020 through 2022 (U.S. Dollars in thousands):
 
Principal
Position
  
Year
  
Salary and Bonus
    

Sales Commission
    
All Other
Compensations
    
Non-equity
Incentive
Plan
Compensation
    
Nonqualified
Deferred
Compensation
Earnings
    
Number
of
Option
Award
    
Number
of
Stock
Awards
    
Total
  
        
$
    
$
    
$
    
$
     $          
     
$
  
Active
 
2022
    
519
      
1,101
      
163
                                  
1,783
  
Chairman of
 
2021
    
204
      
1,397
      
109
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
1,700
  
a Subsidiary
 
 2020
    
192
      
459
      
90
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
741
  

Each member of the Supervisory Board who is not an employee of the Company receives an annual fee of $30 thousand and a fee for each Supervisory Board or committee meeting attended of $2 thousands. The Chairman of the Audit Committee receives an additional $20 thousand per year. The Chairman of the Board receives an annual fee of $50 thousand. Managing Directors are being employed by the Company and the total expenses regarding the employment of the current Managing Directors for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $0.8 million.
 
The following table sets forth information concerning the aggregate compensation paid or accrued on behalf of all of our directors and executive officers as a group for the year ended December 31, 2022:
 
   
Salaries, fees,
    
Pension, retirement
  
   
commissions
    
and other
  
   
and bonuses
    
similar benefits
  
   
(in thousands)
  
             
Supervisory Directors as a group (7 persons)          
  
$
310
    
$
-
  
Officers as a group (5 persons)          
  
$
2,708
    
$
249
  
 
Background and Compensation Philosophy
 
Our Compensation Committee consists of Gail Lieberman, Chairman and Gordon Hausmann, both independent directors. The Compensation Committee and, prior to its establishment our Supervisory Board of Directors determined the compensation to be paid to our executive officers based on our financial and operating performance and prospects, the level of compensation paid to similarly situated executives in comparably sized companies, and contributions made by the officers to our success. Each of the named officers will be measured by a series of performance criteria by the Supervisory Board of directors, or the compensation committee on a yearly basis. Such criteria will be set forth based on certain objective parameters such as job characteristics, required professionalism, management skills, interpersonal skills, related experience, personal performance and overall corporate performance.
 
Our Supervisory Board of Directors and Compensation Committee have not adopted or established a formal policy or procedure for determining the amount of compensation paid to our executive officers. The Compensation Committee makes an independent evaluation of appropriate compensation of key employees, with input from management. The Compensation
 
Our compensation program for our executive officers and all other employees is designed such that it will not incentivize unnecessary risk-taking. The base salary component of our compensation program is a fixed amount and does not depend on performance. Our cash incentive program takes into account multiple metrics, thus diversifying the risk associated with any single performance metric, and we believe it does not incentivize our executive officers to focus exclusively on short-term outcomes. Our equity awards are limited by the terms of our equity plans to a fixed maximum specified in the plan, and are subject to vesting to align the long-term interests of our executive officers with those of our stockholders.
 
Elements of Compensation
 
We provide our executive officers with a base salary and certain bonuses and commissions as well as equity awards in some cases to compensate them for services rendered during the year. The Compensation Committee determines the composition and amount of director and key employee compensation. When the annual award consists of equity purchases, it is only permitted at a price equal or above market.
 
36

Board Practices
 
We have a Supervisory Board and a Management Board. The Supervisory Board has the primary responsibility for supervising the policies of the Management Board and the general course of corporate affairs and recommending the adoption of the annual financial statements of ICTS by its shareholders. The Management Board is responsible for the day-to-day operations of ICTS. Members of the Supervisory Board and the Management Board are appointed by the shareholders for a term of one year. Non-executive officers are appointed by and serve at the satisfaction of the Management Board.
 
The members of the Supervisory Board as of December 31, 2022 and the initial year they joined the Supervisory Board are as follows: Menachem Atzmon (1999), Ron Atzmon (2018), Gil Atzmon (2018), David W. Sass (2002), Philip M. Getter (2003), Gordon Hausmann (2005) and Gail F. Lieberman (2010).
 
The Audit Committee consists of Philip M. Getter, Chairman, Gail F. Lieberman and Gordon Hausmann, all of whom are independent. Mr. Getter and Ms. Lieberman have financial expertise. The audit committee evaluates ICTS's accounting policies and practices and financial reporting and internal control structures, selects independent auditors to audit the Company’s financial statements and confers with the auditors and the officers. The Audit Committee has an Operating Charter as well. We do not have a Nominating Committee. The members of the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee are all independent and were never officers or employees of the Company.
 
The Supervisory Board of the Company has adopted a Code of Ethics for principal Executive Officers, Directors and senior financial officers.
 
The Articles of Association of ICTS require at least one member of both the Management Board and the Supervisory Board, but do not specify a maximum number of members for such boards. The general meeting of shareholders determines the exact number of members of both the Management Board and the Supervisory Board. Under the laws of the Netherlands and the Articles of Association, each member of the Supervisory Board and Management Board holds office until such member's resignation, death or removal, with or without cause, by the shareholders.
 
Employees
 
As of December 31, 2022, the Company has 6,466 employees, of which 4,421 employees are located in Europe, Far East and Israel and 2,045 are located in the United States of America.
 
Share Ownership
 
See tables under Item 7: "Major Shareholders" and "Related Party Transactions" below.
 
Options to Purchase Securities
 
In June 2016, AU10TIX Limited adopted a Stock Option Plan and reserved 500,000 shares of common stock for that subsidiary’s future issuance. As of December 31, 2022, the subsidiary has 13,000,000 authorized shares of which 12,500,000 shares are issued and outstanding. Under the stock option plan, stock options may be granted to that subsidiary’s employees, officers, directors, consultants and service providers of the subsidiary at an exercise price as determined by the subsidiary’s board of directors with expiration terms of not more than ten years after the date such option is granted. Options granted under the plan generally vest over a period of four years.
 
In August 2020, AU10TIX’s board of directors agreed to move the option plan from AU10TIX Limited to AU10TIX with the same terms and conditions. During the year ended December 31, 2022, 193,000 options were granted by AU10TIX. As of December 31, 2022, there are 368,875 options granted and outstanding of which 282,625 options are fully vested. The weighted average exercise price is $0.23 and the weighted average remaining contractual term as of December 31, 2022 is 3 years.
 
As of December 31, 2022, 282,625 options are outstanding and exercisable.
 
37

Item 7.          Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
 
Major Shareholders
 
The following table sets forth certain information regarding ownership of the Company's Common Shares as of December 31, 2022 with respect to:
 
Each person who is known by the Company to own beneficially more than 5% of the Company's outstanding Common Shares.
 
All directors and officers as a group.
 
   
Percent of
        
   
Amount Beneficially
    
Common shares
  
Name Shareholders Holding Five Percent or More
  
Owned (a)
    
Outstanding (a)
  
             
MacPherson Trust and its beneficiaries (b)          
    
62.6
%
    
23,418,861
  
Menachem J. Atzmon          
    
13.0
%
    
4,850,000
  
Igal Tabori          
    
5.3
%
    
2,002,483
  
All officers and directors as a group (9 persons), the MacPherson Trust and its Beneficiaries
    
83.6
%
    
31,280,721
  
 
(a)   The amounts include common shares owned by each of the above, directly or indirectly.
 
(b)  1. The MacPherson Trust (“Trust”) was created for the benefit of the family of Mr. Menachem J. Atzmon. The Trust owns Spencer Corporation, Limited, which holds together with the Trust and its beneficiaries approximately 62.6% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares. Mr. Atzmon disclaims any beneficial interest in the MacPherson Trust. Spencer Corporation Limited and the MacPherson Trust and its beneficiaries together with Mr. Atzmon are able to appoint all the directors of ICTS and control the affairs of ICTS.
 
2. As of December 31, 2022 the Company has convertible notes payable to a related party in the total amount of $1.1 million. The related party has the right to convert up to $1.2 million into the Company’s shares at a rate of $0.4 per share. The calculation above does not take into consideration the conversion of convertible notes.
 
Related Party Transactions
 
An entity related to one of the Company’s Supervisory Board members provide legal services to the Company. Legal expense related to these services is $54 thousand, $59 thousand and $46 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
The Company engages the services of a related party to provide certain selling and management services to the authentication technology segment. The Company incurred expenses of $1.8 million, $1.7 million and $0.7 million for such services for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, and 2021 the outstanding balances due for these services were $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively, included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities. In addition, the related party serves as a board member of the Company and was paid an amount of $36 thousand, $38 thousand and $38 thousand as board fees, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
The Company engages the services of a related party to provide certain selling services to its authentication technology segment. The Company incurred expenses of $0.2 million, $0.1 million and $87 thousand for such services for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
The Company engages the services of a related party to provide services as a Managing Director of the Company. The Company incurred expenses of $0.4 million, $0.3 million and $0.2 million for such services for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
The Chairman of the board, a related party, receives annual compensation of $50 thousand for his services as Chairman. In addition, in 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company incurred salary expenses of $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively for the services he provides to AU10TIX.
 
The Company engaged the services of a related party to provide certain selling and administrative services to its authentication technology segment. The Company incurred expenses of $0.3 million, $0 and $0 for such services for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. In addition, the related party serves as a board member of the Company, and was paid an amount of $36 thousand, $38 thousand and $38 thousand as board fees, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
38
The Company engages the services of a related party to provide certain administration services. The Company incurred expenses of $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million for such services for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
In May 2019, the Company engaged the services of Arrow to provide some administrative services. The Company incurred expenses of $0.1 million, $0.3 million and $0.1 million for such services for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
The Company has an agreement with an entity related to its main shareholder to provide it up to $2.0. million in revolving loans through January 2024 with an interest rate of 2.5% as of December 31, 2022. The loan is convertible up to $2.0 million in to the Company’s shares at a price of $0.4 per share. As of December 31, 2022 the Company owes under this line $1.1 million. Interest expenses related to the note were $28 thousand, $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
Item 8.          Financial Information

The Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule are included herein on pages F-1 through F-39.
 
Letters of Credit and Guarantees
 
As of December 31, 2022, the Company has $8.2 million in outstanding letters of credit and guarantees. Letters of credit and guarantees are being secured either by the same amounts in restricted cash with commercial banks or with cash deposits provided to customers which serve as cash collateral in order to guarantee the performance and quality of services provided to the customers.
 
Legal Proceedings
 
General
 
The Company is subject to various investigations, claims and legal proceedings covering a wide range of matters that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities. These claims are primarily related to grievances filed by current and former employees for unfair labor practices or discrimination and for passenger aviation claims. Management recognizes a liability for any matter when the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is deemed to be probable and the amount is able to be reasonably estimated. Management has concluded that such claims, in the aggregate, would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
 
Inquiry Proceedings
 
On June 24, 2021, a minority shareholder of the Company initiated inquiry proceedings before the Enterprise Chamber of the Amsterdam Court of Appeal (the “Court”) which is a specialized court dedicated to resolving corporate disputes. The shareholder has requested the Court to appoint an investigator on behalf of the Court in accordance with Dutch law, to investigate certain activities of the Company that have been previously disclosed by the Company in its periodic filings with the SEC for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. The shareholder has not requested the Court to order preliminary relief, but has requested the Court to order the registrant to pay the costs of the proceedings. On June 2022, the Court rendered its judgement after reviewing all filings and a court hearing. The Court accepted ICTS’s defense on all items except two and appointed an investigator to examine two items. The two items are: The conversion of loans in 2019 from a related party at a share price of $0.40 and the issuance of shares to directors and certain employees in 2019 at a share price of $0.40. The Company expects the investigator to provide his report to the court during 2023.
 
White Line
 
In 2017, the company invested $3.5million in White Line B.V., a limited Company incorporated in the Netherlands, representing 10% of the issued and outstanding share capital of White Line B.V.
 
The Company had an agreement with an entity related to its main shareholder, according to which, if the value of this investment decreased, the related party entity has guaranteed to repurchase this full investment in minimum amount of $3.5million. In December 2018, the related party entity purchased the full investment from the Company for $3.5 million. In 2021, the Company has a dispute with White Line B.V. as certain items disclosed in White Line B.V. financials appeared questionable. ICTS requested the Court to instruct White Line to disclose certain documents. As the economical ownership is not within the Company any more, the Company has no financial exposure on this dispute. On November 2022, the Appeal Court of Amsterdam rendered its judgement after reviewing all filings and a court hearing. The Court rejected the Company’s request for disclosure of documents.
 
Agency Agreements
 
In April 2013, prior to the purchase of one of the current subsidiaries in Europe, the Company entered into an agency agreement with a third party to assist it with this transaction. According to the agreement, in the event that the operations in that country are sold in the future, the third-party agent is entitled to a payment of €3 million ($3.2 million as of December 31, 2022).
 
39
In March 2016, the Company entered into an agreement with a third party to assist the Company with the possible sale of one of the Company’s subsidiaries (see note 13). The fees depend on the outcome of the assignment and are between 2% - 5% of the sale consideration but not less than $4 million. In February 2019, the agreement was amended. According to the amendment, in case that less than 50% of the voting stock or majority of the subsidiary assets are being sold, the transaction fee will be 5% of the sale consideration but not lower than $3 million. In January 2022, the agreement was amended so that the fees will be 2%-3% of the sale consideration but not less than $4 million and with a cap of $20 million.  In case that less than 50% of the voting stock or majority of the subsidiary assets are being sold the transaction fee will be 5% of the sale consideration but not lower than $4 million. 
 
Employment Agreements
 
In December 2022, the Company entered into an employment agreement with a third party to serve as the CEO of one of the Company’s subsidiaries. According to the agreement the employee is entitled to annual target bonus. The annual target bonus is based on achievement of targets as defined by the subsidiary’s board of. The bonus shall be equal to 10% of the EBIDA (excluding the applicable taxes).
 
Item 9.          The Offer and Listing
 
Our shares of common stock are currently traded on the OTC under the symbol ICTSF.
 
The reported high and low closing sales prices per shares during the last five years were as follows:
 
Year
  
High
    
Low
  
2018          
  
$
1.09
    
$
0.40
  
2019          
  
$
3.00
    
$
0.15
  
2020          
  
$
4.09
    
$
1.34
  
2021          
  
$
10.00
    
$
4.00
  
2022          
  
$
9.79
    
$
5.00
  

The reported high and low closing sales prices per share during each quarter for the last 3 years were as follows:
 
2022
  
High
    
Low
  
First quarter          
  
$
9.79
    
$
6.62
  
Second quarter          
  
$
8.72
    
$
6.25
  
Third quarter          
  
$
7.98
    
$
6.50
  
Fourth quarter          
  
$
7.25
    
$
5.00
  
 
2021
  
High
    
Low
  
First quarter          
  
$
6.00
    
$
4.00
  
Second quarter          
  
$
10.00
    
$
5.00
  
Third quarter          
  
$
10.00
    
$
6.00
  
Fourth quarter          
  
$
9.10
    
$
6.25
  
                 
2020
  
High
    
Low
  
First quarter          
  
$
4.09
    
$
2.40
  
Second quarter          
  
$
3.00
    
$
1.34
  
Third quarter          
  
$
3.35
    
$
2.56
  
Fourth quarter          
  
$
4.00
    
$
2.31
  

40

Item 10.        Additional Information
 
 Introduction
 
ICTS is a public company with limited liability (naamloze vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid) incorporated under Dutch law on October 9, 1992. ICTS’ statutory seat is in Amstelveen, the Netherlands, and its registered office address at Walaardt Sacréstraat 425 5th floor, 1117 BM Schiphol, the Netherlands. ICTS is registered with the trade register of the Dutch Chamber of Commerce under number 33279300.
 
As a Dutch public company with limited liability, ICTS is subject to certain requirements not generally applicable to corporations organized under the laws of jurisdictions within the United States of America. Set forth below is a summary of the material provisions of the articles of association of ICTS as lastly amended on January 25, 2023 (the Articles of Association) and Dutch law, where appropriate. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Articles of Association. All references in this summary to the Netherlands and Dutch law are to the European part of the Netherlands and its law, respectively, only.
 
Corporate Objects
 
The objectives of ICTS are described in Article 2 of the Articles of Association and include, without limitation, to manage and finance businesses, extend loans and invest capital.
 
Share Capital
 
The shares of ICTS are subject to, and have been created under, the laws of the Netherlands. ICTS’ share capital is divided into common shares (Shares).
 
All Shares are in registered form (op naam) and are only available in the form of an entry in ICTS’ shareholders’ register.
 
Under Dutch law, ICTS’ authorized share capital sets out the maximum amount and number of shares that it may issue without amending its Articles of Association. The Articles of Association provide for an authorized share capital in an amount of EUR 67,500,000 divided into 150,000,000 Shares, each Share with a nominal value of EUR 0.45.
 
As of December 31, 2022, 37,433,333 Shares were issued and outstanding.
 
Issue of Shares and Pre-Emptive Rights
 
The General Meeting is authorized to issue Shares or to grant rights to subscribe for Shares and to restrict and/or exclude statutory pre-emptive rights in relation to the issuance of Shares or the granting of rights to subscribe for Shares. The General Meeting may designate another body of ICTS competent to issue Shares (or grant rights to subscribe for Shares) and to determine the issue price and other conditions of the issue for a specified period not exceeding five years (which period can be extended from time to time for further periods not exceeding five years) so long as the maximum number of Shares which may be issued is specified. Shares may not be issued at less than their nominal value and must be fully paid-up upon issue. A resolution by the General Meeting to issue Shares (or grant rights to subscribe for Shares) or to designate another body as the competent corporate body requires an absolute majority of the votes cast. Such resolution was adopted in December 2022 for a period of five years until December 2027, in which the Supervisory Board was designated. Designation by resolution of the General Meeting cannot be withdrawn unless determined otherwise at the time of designation. No resolution is required for the issue of Shares pursuant to the exercise of a previously granted right to subscribe for Shares.
 
Under Dutch law and the Articles of Association, each Shareholder has a pre-emptive right in proportion to the aggregate nominal value of their shareholding upon the issue of Shares (or the granting of rights to subscribe for Shares). Exceptions to this pre-emptive right include the issue of Shares (or the granting of rights to subscribe for Shares): (i) to employees of ICTS or another member of its Group; (ii) against payment-in-kind (contribution other than in cash) and (iii) to persons exercising a previously-granted right to subscribe for Shares. The pre-emptive rights in respect of newly issued Shares or the granting of rights to subscribe for Shares may be restricted or excluded by a resolution of the General Meeting. The General Meeting may designate another corporate body as competent to resolve upon the restriction or exclusion of the pre-emptive rights if such other corporate body has also been designated as the competent body to resolve upon the issue of Shares for a specified period not exceeding five years (which period can be extended from time to time for further periods not exceeding five years). A resolution of the General Meeting to exclude or restrict pre-emptive rights or to authorize another corporate body to exclude or restrict pre-emptive rights requires a majority of at least two thirds of the votes cast, if less than half of the issued share capital of ICTS is present or represented at the General Meeting. Such resolution was adopted in December 2022 for a period of five years until December 2027, in which the Supervisory Board was designated. The resolution by with the pre-emptive rights are excluded or limited needs to be filed with the Netherlands Chamber of Commerce within eight days of such resolution. A resolution designating another corporate body to resolve upon the restriction or exclusion of the pre-emptive rights cannot be withdrawn unless provided otherwise in such resolution.
 
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Acquisition of Own Shares

ICTS cannot subscribe for Shares in its own capital at the time Shares are issued. Subject to the certain provisions of the Articles of Association, ICTS may acquire fully paid-up Shares provided no consideration is given or provided, (i) its shareholders’ equity less the payment required to make the acquisition, does not fall below the sum of called-up and paid-in share capital and any reserves to be maintained by Dutch law and/or the Articles of Association, (ii) ICTS and its subsidiaries would thereafter not hold Shares or hold a pledge over Shares with an aggregate nominal value exceeding 50% of ICTS’ issued share capital, (iii) the Management Board has been authorized thereto by the General Meeting and (iv) the Company is entitled to buy back up to 20% of the issued shares. Any acquisition by ICTS of Shares that are not fully paid-up shall be null and void.
 
The General Meeting’s authorization to the Management Board to acquire own Shares is valid for a maximum of 18 months. As part of the authorization, the General Meeting must specify the number of Shares that may be repurchased, the manner in which the Shares may be acquired and the price range within which the Shares may be acquired. The authorization is not required for the acquisition of Shares for employees of the Company, under a scheme applicable to such employees.
 
Shares held by the Company in its own share capital do not carry a right to any distribution. Furthermore, no voting rights may be exercised for any of the Shares held by the Company or its subsidiaries unless such Shares are subject to the right of usufruct or to a pledge in favour of a person other than the Company or its subsidiaries and the voting rights were vested in the pledgee or usufructuary before the Company or its subsidiaries acquired such Shares. The Company or its subsidiaries may not exercise voting rights in respect of Shares for which the Company or its subsidiaries have a right of usufruct or a pledge.
 
Reduction of Share Capital
 
The General Meeting may resolve to reduce the issued share capital by (i) cancelling Shares or (ii) amending the Articles of Association to reduce the nominal value of the Shares of ICTS. In either case, this reduction would be subject to provisions of Dutch law and the Articles of Association. Only Shares held by ICTS or Shares for which it holds the depositary receipts may be cancelled. Under Dutch law, a resolution of the General Meeting to reduce the number of Shares must designate the shares to which the resolution applies and must lay down rules for the implementation of the resolution. A resolution by the General Meeting to reduce the issued share capital of ICTS must be approved by at least a two third majority of the votes cast, in a meeting in which holders of more than half of ICTS’ issued and outstanding share capital is present or represented.
 
Dividends
 
Pursuant to Dutch law and the Articles of Association, the distribution of profits will take place following the adoption of ICTS’ annual accounts by the General Meeting, from which ICTS will determine whether such distribution is permitted. ICTS may make distributions to the Shareholders, whether from profits or from its freely distributable reserves, only insofar as its shareholders’ equity exceeds the sum of the paid-up and called-up share capital plus the reserves required to be maintained by Dutch law or pursuant to the Articles of Association.
 
Subject to Dutch law and the Articles of Association, the Supervisory Board may determine which part of ICTS’ profits as per its financial statements for the relevant financial year will be added to the reserves. The remaining part of the profits will be at the disposal of the General Meeting.
 
Subject to Dutch law and the Articles of Association, the Management Board, with the prior approval of the Supervisory Board, may resolve to distribute an interim dividend if it determines such interim dividend to be justified by ICTS’ profits. For this purpose, the Management Board must prepare an interim statement of assets and liabilities. Such interim statement shall show the financial position of ICTS not earlier than on the first day of the third month before the month in which the resolution to make the interim distribution is announced. An interim dividend can only be paid if (a) an interim statement of assets and liabilities is drawn up showing that the funds available for distribution are sufficient, and (b) ICTS’ shareholders’ equity exceeds the sum of the paid-up and called-up share capital plus the reserves required to be maintained by Dutch law.
 
An entitlement to any dividend distribution shall be barred five years after the date on which those dividends were released for payment.
 
General Meeting of Shareholders
 
Annual General Meeting
 
The General Meeting will be held at least once a year and no later than six months from the end of the preceding financial year of ICTS. The purpose of the annual General Meeting is to discuss, among other things, the annual report, the adoption of the annual accounts, allocation of profits (including the proposal to distribute dividends), release of the Managing Directors from liability for their management and the Supervisory Directors from liability for their supervision thereon, filling of any vacancies and other proposals brought up for discussion by the Management Board and the Supervisory Board.
 
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Convocation Notice and Agenda
 
A General Meeting can be convened by the Management Board or the Supervisory Board by a convening notice. Notices convening a general meeting will be mailed to holders of registered shares at least 15 days before the General Meeting and otherwise in other countries as required pursuant to the relevant laws where ICTS’ Shares have been admitted to trading on a trading facility.
 
All convocations for the General Meetings and all notifications to shareholders shall take place by means of letters sent to the addresses listed in the register of shareholders. Instead of through notice letters, any shareholder that gives his consent, may be sent notice of the meeting by means of a legible and reproducible message electronically sent to the address stated by him for this purpose to ICTS.
 
Extraordinary General Meeting
 
Other General meetings may be held as often as deemed necessary by the Management Board and Supervisory Board and must be held if one or more Shareholders or other persons entitled to attend the general meeting jointly representing at least 10% of ICTS’ issued share capital make a written request to the Management Board or the Supervisory Board that a meeting must be held and specifying in detail the business to be dealt with at such meeting.
 
Agenda
 
Under Dutch law, one or more Shareholders representing solely or jointly at least 3% of the ICTS’ issued and outstanding share capital in value are entitled to request the Management Board to include items on the agenda of the General Meeting.
 
Chair
 
The General Meeting is chaired by the chairman of the Supervisory Board or, in his absence, by the person designated for that purpose by the Supervisory Board from its midst or otherwise. If none of the Supervisory Directors is present, the meeting itself shall provide for its Chairmanship.
 
Place General Meeting
 
General Meetings are held in Amstelveen, the Netherlands (the place of the statutory seat of ICTS) or in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, or The Hague, the Netherlands.
 
Admission
 
Each shareholder and each person to whom the law grants this right shall be entitled, either in person or by written proxy, to attend the general meeting of shareholders, to address the meeting and, if the voting rights accrue to him, to exercise his voting rights.
 
The Management Board may resolve that the powers referred to in the paragraph above may be exercised by means of electronic communication. If a shareholder and any person with meeting right participates by means of electronic communication, it is required that the electronic communication allows for identification of the shareholder and any person with meeting right, for such person to directly take notice of the proceedings in the meeting and for the casting of votes (if applicable). Furthermore, it shall be required that the electronic communication allows for the shareholder and any person with meeting right to participate in discussions in the meeting.
 
In deviation from the first paragraph under this section ‘admission’, the Management Board may determine that such persons shall be deemed to have the right to vote and the right to attend the General Meeting as at a time to be determined by the Management Board are registered as shareholders in one or more registers designated by the Management Board, regardless of who is entitled to the relevant Shares at the time of the General Meeting. The notice convening the meeting must state the registration date and also indicate the manner in which registration may take place and the manner in which shareholders may exercise their rights. The Management Board determines the manner in which shareholders may have themselves registered and the manner in which they may exercise their rights. The registration date shall be determined with due observance of applicable statutory provisions.
 
Admission to the general meeting of shareholders shall be granted to the supervisory board members, the management board members and all other persons entitled to admission by law. The general meeting of shareholders may grant access to the meeting to persons other than those referred to above. Management board members and supervisory board members shall as such have an advisory vote in the general meeting of shareholders.

Voting Rights
 
Each share entitles the holder to cast one vote. Resolutions of the General Meeting are passed by an absolute majority of the votes cast in a meeting where at least 50% the issued capital is represented, unless Dutch law or the Articles of Association prescribe a larger majority. Resolutions of the General Meeting to amend the Articles of Association, to reduce the capital, to dissolve the company or to merge shall be passed by a majority of at least two-thirds of the votes cast representing at least half of the issued capital.

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Blank votes and invalid votes shall be considered votes not cast. They shall count towards the determination of a quorum. Under Dutch law, no votes may be cast at a General Meeting in respect of Shares which are held by ICTS itself.

Management Structure

ICTS has a two-tier board structure comprising of the Management Board (bestuur) and the Supervisory Board (raad van commissarissen).
 
The Management Board is collectively responsible for ICTS’ general affairs and is in charge of the day-to-day management, formulating strategies and policies, and setting and achieving ICTS’ objectives. The Supervisory Board supervises the Management Board and the general affairs of ICTS and the business connected with it and provides the Management Board with advice.
 
Management Board
 
Powers, Responsibilities and Function
 
The Management Board is the executive body of ICTS, collectively responsible for, among other things, defining and attaining ICTS’ objectives, determining ICTS’ strategy and risk management policy, the day-to-day management, the ICTS’ general affairs and ICTS’ representation, subject to the supervision of the Supervisory Board. The Management Board may perform all acts necessary or useful for achieving ICTS’ objectives, with the exception of those acts that are prohibited by law or by the Articles of Association. The Management Board may allocate its responsibilities and powers to its individual members. All Managing Directors remain collectively responsible for proper management regardless of the allocation of tasks. In performing their duties, the Managing Directors must carefully consider and shall act in accordance with the interests of ICTS and the business connected with it, taking into consideration the interests of all corporate stakeholders, such as Shareholders, creditors, employees, customers, patient populations and suppliers.
 
Subject to certain statutory exceptions, the Management Board as a whole is authorized to represent ICTS. In addition, should the Management Board be comprised of two or more members, two Managing Directors acting jointly are also authorized to represent ICTS.
 
Composition, Appointment, Term of Appointment and Dismissal
 
The Articles of Association provide that the Management Board shall consist of one or more members and that the General Meeting determines the exact number of Managing Directors.
 
The General Meeting appoints the Managing Directors. Managing Directors are appointed by the General meeting for an indefinite period.
 
The General Meeting and the Supervisory Board may suspend Managing Directors at any time, and the General Meeting may remove Managing Directors at any time. A General Meeting must be held within three months after a suspension of a Managing Director has taken effect, in which meeting a resolution must be adopted to either terminate or extend the suspension. Provided if such suspension is not terminated, the suspension does not last longer than three months in aggregate. The suspended Managing Director must be given the opportunity to account for his or her actions at that meeting. If neither such resolution is adopted nor the General Meeting has resolved to dismiss the Managing Director, the suspension will cease after the period of suspension has expired.
 
Decision-Making
 
The Management Board decides by majority vote. If there is a tie in voting, the proposal shall be deemed to have been rejected. The Management Board may also pass resolutions outside of a meeting, provided they are in writing, all Managing Directors have cast their votes and none of them has objected to this manner of decision making.
 
Conflicts of Interests
 
A Managing Director shall not participate in deliberations and the decision-making process in the event of a direct or indirect personal conflict of interest between that Managing Director and ICTS and the enterprise connected with it. If there is such personal conflict of interest in respect of all Managing Directors, the decision shall be taken by the Supervisory Board 

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Supervisory Board
 
Powers, Responsibilities and Function
 
The role of the Supervisory Board is to supervise the conduct and policies of the Management Board and the general affairs of ICTS and the business connected with it as well as to provide the Management Board with advice. The Supervisory Directors are not authorized to represent ICTS. In performing their duties, the Supervisory Directors are required to be guided by the interests of ICTS and the business connected with it, and shall consider the interests of the ICTS’ stakeholders, which include but are not limited to its shareholders, creditors, employees, customers and suppliers. The Supervisory Board may, at ICTS’ expense, seek the advice which it deems desirable for the correct performance of its duties.
 
Composition, Appointment, Term of Appointment and Dismissal
 
The Articles of Association provide that the Supervisory Board shall consist of one or more members and that the General Meeting determines the exact number of Supervisory Directors.
 
The members of the Supervisory Board are appointed by the General Meeting for a term of one year.
 
The General Meeting may suspend and remove Supervisory Directors at any time. A General Meeting must be held within three months after a suspension of a Supervisory Director has taken effect, in which meeting a resolution must be adopted to either terminate or extend the suspension, provided that in the case that such suspension is not terminated, the suspension does not last longer than three months in aggregate. The suspended Supervisory Director must be given the opportunity to account for his or her actions at that meeting. If neither such resolution is adopted nor the General Meeting has resolved to dismiss the Supervisory Director, the suspension will cease after the period of suspension has expired.
 
In the event of a vacant seat or upon inability to act of one or more Supervisory Directors, the remaining Supervisory Directors or the only remaining Supervisory Director shall temporarily be in charge with the exercise of the duties and powers of the Supervisory Director in question. In the event all seats are vacant or upon inability to act of all Supervisory Directors, or the sole Supervisory Director, as the case may be, the General Meeting shall have the authority to temporarily entrust the exercise of the duties and powers of the Supervisory Directors to one or more persons.
 
Decision-Making
 
In a meeting of the Supervisory Board, each Supervisory Director is entitled to cast one vote. A Supervisory Director may grant a written proxy to another Supervisory Director (if in office) to represent him at a meeting. All resolutions by the Supervisory Board are adopted by the favourable vote of a majority of the Supervisory Directors present or represented at the meeting (and in respect of whom no conflict of interest exists). If there is a tie in voting, the proposal is rejected.
 
The Supervisory Board may also adopt resolutions outside a meeting, in writing or otherwise, provided that the proposal concerned is submitted to all Supervisory Directors then in office (and in respect of whom no conflict of interest exists) and provided that none of them objects to such decision-making process. Adoption of resolutions in writing shall be adopted by written statements from all relevant Supervisory Directors then in office in respect of whom no conflict of interest exists.
 
Conflicts of Interests
 
A Supervisory Director shall not participate in the deliberations and decision-making process in the event of a conflict of interest between that Supervisory Director and ICTS and the enterprise connected with it. If there is such a personal conflict of interest in respect of all Supervisory Directors, the preceding sentence does not apply and the Supervisory Board shall maintain its authority.
 
Financial Year and Annual Accounts
 
The financial year of ICTS coincides with the calendar year. Annually within five months after the end of the financial year, the Management Board prepares the annual accounts, which can be extend by no more than five months by the General Meeting on the basis of special circumstances. The annual accounts must be accompanied by the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, an annual report, a report by the Management Board and a report by the Supervisory Board and certain other information required under Dutch law. All Managing Directors and Supervisory Board sign the annual accounts and if one of them does not so sign, the reason for this omission must be stated. The Management Board must make the annual accounts, the annual report and other information required under Dutch law available for inspection by the Shareholders and other persons entitled to attend and address the General Meeting at the offices of ICTS from the day of the notice convening the annual General Meeting. The annual accounts must be adopted by the General Meeting at the annual General Meeting.
 
Contrary to what is provided in Article 19 paragraph 4 of the Articles of Association, approval of the annual accounts by the Shareholders does not discharge the Managing Directors and the Supervisory Board from liability for the performance of their respective duties for the past financial year. In order to discharge the Managing Directors and Supervisory Board from liability a separate resolution thereto needs to be adopted by the General Meeting (which resolution can be adopted in the same meeting in which the annual accounts will be adopted). Under Dutch law, this discharge is not absolute and will not be effective with respect to matters which are not disclosed to the Shareholders.
 
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Amendment of Articles of Association
 
Only the General Meeting may resolve to amend the Articles of Association. A proposal to amend the Articles of Association must be included in the notice convening the General Meeting. A copy of the proposal containing the verbatim text of the proposed amendment must be available at ICTS for inspection by every shareholder of ICTS and every holder of meeting right until the end of the General Meeting.
 
A resolution by the General Meeting to amend the Articles of Association must be approved by at least a two third majority of the votes cast, in a meeting in which holders of more than half of ICTS’ issued and outstanding share capital is present or represented.
 
Dissolution and Liquidation
 
A proposal to dissolve ICTS must be included in the notice convening the General Meeting. A resolution by the General Meeting to dissolve ICTS must be approved by at least a two third majority of the votes cast, in a meeting in which holders of more than half of ICTS’ issued and outstanding share capital is present or represented.
 
If the General Meeting has resolved to dissolve ICTS, the Managing Directors will be charged with the liquidation of the business of ICTS in accordance with Dutch law and the Articles of Association under supervision of the Supervisory Board. During liquidation, the provisions of the Articles of Association will remain in force as far as possible.
 
Any surplus remaining after settlement of all debts and liquidation costs will be distributed to the Shareholders in proportion to the nominal value of their shareholdings.
 
Material contracts
 
For material contracts See “Item 8 - Financial Information”.
 
Exchange controls
 
There are no governmental laws, decrees or regulations in The Netherlands, ICTS’ jurisdiction of organization, that restrict ICTS’ export or import of capital in any material respect, including, but not limited to, foreign exchange controls.
 
There are no limitations imposed by Dutch law or ICTS’ charter documents on the right of non-resident or foreign owners to hold or vote Shares.
 
Taxation
 
The following discussion summarizes the material anticipated U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of shares by a U.S. Holder (as defined below). This summary deals only with shares held as capital assets and does not deal with the tax consequences applicable to all categories of investors some of which (such as tax-exempt entities, banks, broker-dealers, investors who hold shares as part of hedging or conversion transactions and investors whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar) may be subject to special rules. 
 
The summary does not purport to be a complete analysis or listing of all the potential tax consequences of holding shares, nor does it purport to furnish information in the same detail or with the attention to an investor's specific tax circumstances that would be provided by an investor's own tax adviser. Accordingly, U.S. holders of shares are advised to consult their own tax advisers with respect to their particular circumstances and with respect to the effects of U.S. federal, state, local, or other laws to which they may be subject.
 
As used herein, the term "U.S. Holder" means a beneficial owner of shares that is (i) for United States federal income tax purposes a citizen or resident of the United States of America, (ii) a corporation or other entity created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof, (iii) a trust if a court within the United States of America is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (iv) an estate, the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source.
 
The summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), judicial decisions, administrative pronouncements, and existing and proposed Treasury Department regulations, changes to any of which after the date of this Annual Report on Form 20-F could apply on a retroactive basis and affect the tax consequences described herein.
 
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Taxation of Dividends
 
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the gross amount of distributions, if any, (including any withholding tax thereon) made by the Company out of its current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles) will be included in the gross income of a direct U.S. Holder as foreign source dividend income on the date of receipt, but in the case of a U.S. Holder that is a corporation, note that such dividend income generally will not be eligible for a dividends received deduction unless the Company constitutes a so-called “specified 10%-owned foreign corporation” with respect to such a U.S. Holder.
 
Subject to the discussion below regarding passive foreign investment companies, the Company should be considered to be a “qualified foreign corporation” so that such dividends should be eligible to be taxed as net capital gains (at a maximum U.S. federal rate of 20 percent in the hands of a non-corporate U.S. Holder) plus potentially a net investment income tax (for non-corporate U.S. Holders) at a maximum rate of 3.8%.
 
Distributions in excess of the earnings and profits of the Company will be treated, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, first as non-taxable to the extent of the U.S. Holder's basis in the shares (resulting in a corresponding reduction in such U.S. Holder’s basis, thereby increasing the amount of any gain and decreasing the amount of any loss realized on the subsequent disposition of such shares) and then as a gain from the sale or exchange of the shares. The amount of any dividend paid in Euros generally will be determined based on the U.S. dollar value of the Euro on the date of receipt regardless of whether the U.S. Holder converts the payment into U.S. dollars.
 
The declaration of dividends will be at the discretion of the Company’s Supervisory Board of directors and will depend upon the Company’s earnings, capital requirements, financial position, general economic conditions, and other pertinent factors. The Company cannot assure Holders that dividends will be paid in the future.
 
Foreign Tax Credits
 
U.S. Holders will generally be entitled to claim a credit against their United States federal income tax liability for the amount of Netherlands dividend withholding tax imposed on dividends paid to U.S. Holders. See Netherlands Dividend Withholding Tax.
 
U.S. Holders who are entitled to the benefits of a reduced rate of Netherlands dividend withholding tax under the tax treaty between the United States of America and the Netherlands will be allowed a credit for only the amount of withholding tax provided for under the U.S. Tax Treaty (generally 15%). 
 
However, the full amount of the dividend, including any withheld amounts, generally will be subject to current United States federal income taxation whether or not such Holder is entitled to a tax benefit for the credit of the amount withheld. In the event the Company pays a dividend to a U.S. Holder out of the earnings of a non-Dutch subsidiary, however, it is possible that under certain circumstances that such U.S. Holder would not be entitled to claim a credit for a portion of any Dutch taxes withheld by the Company from such dividend. Based on historic economics, the portion of Dutch withholding tax that may not be creditable in this instance should equal a maximum of 3% of the gross amount of such dividend (or 20% of the Dutch taxes withheld in the case of a U.S. Holder entitled to claim a 15% withholding rate under the U.S. Tax Treaty). This limitation would potentially apply only under circumstances where the Company pays dividends on the shares. 
 
Depending on the particular circumstances of the U.S. Holder, dividends accrued from shares will generally be classified, for foreign tax credit purposes, as passive income. A U.S. Holder who finds it more advantageous because of foreign tax credit  limitations to claim the Netherlands dividend withholding tax as a deduction instead of a credit may do so, but only for a year for which such Holder does not claim a credit for any foreign taxes. If the U.S. Holder is a U.S. partnership, trust, or estate, any tax credit is available only to the extent that the income derived by such partnership, trust, or estate is subject to U.S. tax on the income of a resident either in its hands or in the hands of its partners or beneficiaries, as the case may be.
 
Taxation on Sale or Disposition of Shares
 
Subject to the discussion below regarding passive foreign investment companies, U.S. Holders will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes on the sale or other disposition of shares in an amount equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized and the U.S. Holder's adjusted tax basis in the shares. In general, a U.S. Holder's adjusted tax basis in the shares will be equal to the amount paid by the U.S. Holder for such shares reduced (but not below zero) by any distribution in excess of the earnings and profits of the Company. For shares held for one year or less, any such gain or loss will generally be treated as short-term gain or loss. Short-term capital gains are taxed at the same rate as ordinary income.
 
If the shares have been held for more than a year, any such gain or loss will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss. U.S. Holders are advised to consult a competent tax adviser regarding applicable capital gains tax provisions and sourcing of capital gains and losses for foreign tax credit purposes.
 
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Gift and Estate Tax
 
An individual U.S. Holder may be subject to U.S. gift and estate taxes on shares in the same manner and to the same extent as on other types of personal property.
 
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
 
Payments in respect of the shares may be subject to information reporting to the IRS and to a 24% U.S. backup withholding tax. Backup withholding generally will not apply, however, to a Holder who furnishes a correct U.S. taxpayer identification number or certificate of foreign status and makes any other required certification or a beneficial owner who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. Generally, a U.S. Holder will provide such certification on Form W-9 (Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification) and a non-US Holder will provide any required certification on a version of Form W-8 (Certificate of Foreign Status).
 
Passive Foreign Investment Company
 
Management has determined that the Company has not been a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for United States federal income tax purposes for prior taxable years and believes that the Company will not be treated as a PFIC for the current and future taxable years, but this conclusion is a factual determination made annually and is thus subject to change. The Company would be a PFIC with respect to a U.S. Holder if, for any taxable year in which such U.S. Holder held shares, either (i) at least 75% of the Company’s gross income for the taxable year is passive income, or (ii) at least 50% of the Company’s assets are assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. Under a “look-through” rule, the Company and its corporate subsidiaries will take into account a pro rata share of the income and the assets of any corporation in which it owns, directly or indirectly, 25% or more of the stock by value.
 
Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than rents and royalties derived from the active conduct of a trade or business and not derived from a related person), annuities, and gains from assets that produce passive income. The 50% asset test would apply to the Company based on fair market values.
 
If the Company is a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds shares, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” that the U.S. Holder receives on shares, which will include any gain the U.S. Holder realizes from a sale or other disposition (including a pledge) of the shares unless the U.S. Holder makes a “qualified electing fund” or “mark-to-market” election as discussed below.
 
With respect to distributions the U.S. Holder receives in a taxable year, the portion of such distributions that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions the U.S. Holder received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares will be treated as an excess distribution.
 
Under these special tax rules relating to excess distributions received from a PFIC:
 

 •
The excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares,
 

 •
The amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which the Company was a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income, and
 

 •
The amount allocated to each other year will be subject to tax at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and an interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year.
 
The tax liability for the amounts of any “excess distribution” allocated to years prior to the year of the distribution of disposition cannot be offset by any net operating losses, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale of the shares cannot be treated as capital, even if the U.S. Holder holds the shares as capital assets.
 
If the Company were to become a PFIC, a U.S. Holder may avoid taxation under the excess distribution rules discussed above by making a “qualified electing fund” election to include the U.S. Holder’s share of the Company’s income on a current basis. However, a U.S. Holder may make a qualified electing fund election only if the Company, as a PFIC, furnishes the shareholder annually with certain tax information. Management has not decided whether, or under what circumstances, the Company would prepare or provide such information. Alternatively, if the Company were to become a PFIC, a U.S. Holder might, depending on the volume of trading of our stock, make a mark-to-market election to elect out of the excess distribution rules discussed above.
 
If a U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election for the shares, the U.S. Holder would include in income each year an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the shares as of the close of the U.S. Holder’s taxable year over the U.S. Holder’s adjusted basis in such shares on such date. A U.S. Holder is allowed a deduction for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the shares included in the U.S. Holder’s income for prior taxable years. Amounts included in a U.S. Holder’s income under a mark-to-market election, as well as gain on the actual sale or other dispositions of the shares are treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss treatment also applies to the deductible portion of any mark-to-market loss on the shares, as well as to any loss realized on the actual sale or disposition of the shares, to the extent that the amount of such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included for such shares. A U.S. Holder’s basis in the shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. 
 
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The mark-to-market election is available only for stock which is regularly traded on a national securities exchange that is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the national market system established pursuant to section 11A of the Exchange Act, or any exchange or market that the IRS has determined has rules sufficient to carry out the purposes of the income tax rules. There can be no assurance that the Company will satisfy the requirements so as to allow the making of a mark-to-market election.
 
Taxes in the Netherlands
 
Corporate Income Tax – General
 
We are incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands and are therefore subject to Netherlands corporate income tax. As of 2022 the statutory corporate income tax rates will be 15% on profits up to €0.4 million and 25.8%, on the excess. As of 2023, the rates will be 19% on profits up to €0.2 million and 25.8%, on the excess.
 
ICTS and a number of our Netherlands resident subsidiaries form a fiscal unity for Netherlands corporate income tax purposes. As a result, corporate income tax is levied from these entities on a consolidated basis at the level of ICTS.
 
For Netherlands corporate income tax purposes, affiliated entities should calculate their profits on an “at arm’s length” basis. In case transactions between such affiliated entities are made or imposed on conditions (transfer prices) which differ from those conditions which would have been made or imposed between independent entities in the free market, the profits of those entities are determined as if the “at arm’s length” conditions had been agreed.
 
Participation Exemption
 
Pursuant to the Netherlands participation exemption, income and capital gains derived from the investment by a parent company in a qualifying subsidiary are exempt from corporate income tax provided that the parent company meets the 5 per cent threshold test, and the participation is not considered to be a portfolio investment. The 5 per cent threshold test requires that the parent company (i) owns at least 5 per cent of the nominal share capital in the subsidiary, or (ii) is shareholder in and related to the subsidiary, whilst an entity related to the parent owns at least 5 per cent of the nominal share capital in the subsidiary, or (iii) has owned for an uninterrupted period of at least one year at least 5 per cent of the nominal share capital in subsidiary and three years have not yet passed after the shareholding by the parent in the subsidiary dropped below 5 per cent.
 
If the parent company holds its participation in the subsidiary as a portfolio investment, the participation exemption is not applicable, unless it qualifies as a “qualifying portfolio investment”. A portfolio investment is a shareholding in a subsidiary that is held by the parent with the intent of realizing a return on investment that can be expected from normal, active asset management activities. This is a subjective facts and circumstances test. The specific purpose for making the investment in the subsidiary must be analyzed on a case-by-case basis taking into account all of the relevant facts and circumstances.
 
A parent company would generally not be considered to hold the participation in the subsidiary company as a portfolio investment, if the business carried on by the subsidiary company is in line with the business carried on by the parent company. This should normally also apply to a holding company, which, based on its activities on a managerial, policy-making or financial level, performs a material function for the benefit of the group of companies that it forms part of, or to an intermediate holding company in case this company plays a linking role between the business activities of its parent company and the business activities of its subsidiary companies.
 
The subsidiary would be deemed to be held as a portfolio investment by the parent company if (i) the assets of the subsidiary usually consist, on a consolidated basis, for more than 50 per cent of shareholdings (and similar rights) of less than 5 per cent in other entities or (ii) the subsidiary company’s activities consist for more than 50% of group financing activities. Group financing includes loans, credit instruments and also leasing of equipment, intangibles and other assets.
 
If the parent company would (be deemed to) hold the participation in the subsidiary as a portfolio investment, such portfolio investment may still qualify for the application of the participation exemption if (i) the subsidiary is subject to an income/profits tax resulting in an effective tax burden that is realistic under Netherlands principles, or (ii) the assets of the subsidiary, directly or indirectly, usually consist for less than 50 per cent of low-taxed free investments.
 
If the parent company would (be deemed to) hold the participation in the subsidiary as a portfolio investment, in case (i) the parent company - on its own or together with related group companies - has an interest of at least 25% in the participation, (ii) the participation is not subject to an income/profits tax resulting in an effective tax burden that is realistic under Netherlands principles, and (iii) the assets of the participation consist for 90% or more directly or indirectly of low-taxed free investments, the parent company must (re)value the participation for tax purposes at fair market value annually.
 
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Apart from special provisions in relation to certain liquidation losses, capital losses incurred in relation to qualifying participations are not deductible for Netherlands corporate income tax purposes.
 
Costs related to the acquisition of qualifying participations are generally not deductible. Costs related to the disposal of qualifying participations are also generally not deductible. Other expenses relating to participations (e.g., the cost of financing) are in principle deductible, subject to possible interest deduction limitations.
 
The participation exemption does not apply to accrued payments (of dividend, interest, or other) that are tax-deductible in the country of the debtor, whereas the corresponding income is exempt under the scope of the participation exemption. This will be the case e.g. if the country of the debtor qualifies the distribution as an interest expense, whereas the Netherlands qualifies the income as a dividend.
 
In case the participation exemption is applicable, income in the hands of ICTS arising from dividends paid by subsidiaries or capital gains from the disposal of its shares in such subsidiaries are exempt from corporate income tax in the Netherlands.
 
If the participation exemption is not applicable, income derived by ICTS from a subsidiary will be taxed at the statutory corporate income tax rates.
 
Controlled Foreign Company Regulations
 
As per 1 January 2019, the Netherlands has implemented the Controlled Foreign Company (“CFC”) regulations provided for in the EU Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (“ATAD”) into domestic law. Based on these regulations, subject to conditions, certain types of passive income generated by qualifying CFC’s that are resident in low-tax jurisdictions (i.e., countries with a statutory profit tax rate lower than 9%) or jurisdictions that are included on the EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions, are taxable at the level of the parent company against the regular Dutch corporate income tax rates mentioned above. 
 
Interest Deduction Limitations
 
As of 1 January 2019, the Netherlands has implemented the generic interest stripping rule provided for in the EU Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (“ATAD”) into domestic law. The earnings stripping rule limits the possibility to deduct “excess” interest costs (i.e., the balance of interest costs and interest income) to 30% of a taxpayer’s EBITDA. As of January 1, 2022, the before mentioned percentage has been reduced from 30% to 20%. The earnings stripping rule provides for a €1.0 million threshold, which means that the deduction of excess interest costs up to €1.0 million will not be restricted.
 
Besides the earnings stripping rule, Netherlands tax law includes other anti-abuse provisions in relation to the deductibility of interest. In addition, interest deductions may be disallowed based on the abuse of law doctrine (“fraud legist”).
 
Loss Compensation
 
According to Netherlands tax law, losses incurred may be carried back for one year. As of 1 January 2019, the possibility to carry forward losses was limited from nine years to six years. As from 1 January 2022, losses can be carried forward indefinitely. The yearly utilization of carry forward losses will be limited to €1.0 million, plus 50% of taxable income above €1.0 million. The new rules are also applicable to already existing carry forward losses as per 1 January 2022 (i.e., carry forward losses from 2013 and subsequent years).
 
Depreciation Limitations
 
For Netherlands corporate income tax purposes, restrictions apply to the depreciation of goodwill, real estate and other business assets. The maximum yearly depreciation charge for acquired goodwill is 10% of its cost price. Depreciation of real estate property is not allowed in case the book value of the property falls below 100% of the value used for purposes of the Valuation of Immovable Property Act (“WOZ value”). The maximum yearly depreciation charge for other business assets is 20% of the cost price of such assets. In certain situations, it should still, however, be possible to value assets at lower going-concern value.  
 
Netherlands Tax Considerations of Holding Shares 
 
The following summary outlines certain Netherlands tax consequences in connection with the acquisition, ownership and disposal of Shares. All references in this summary to the Netherlands and Dutch law are to the European part of the Netherlands and its law, respectively, only. The summary does not purport to present any comprehensive or complete picture of all Netherlands tax aspects that could be of relevance to the acquisition, ownership and disposal of Shares by a (prospective) holder of Shares who may be subject to special tax treatment under applicable law. The summary is based on the tax laws and practice of the Netherlands as in effect on the date of this Prospectus, which are subject to changes that could prospectively or retrospectively affect the Netherlands tax consequences.
 
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For purposes of Netherlands income and corporate income tax, Shares legally owned by a third party such as a trustee, foundation or similar entity or arrangement (a Third Party), may under certain circumstances have to be allocated to the (deemed) settlor, grantor or similar originator (the Settlor) or, upon the death of the Settlor, his/her beneficiaries (the Beneficiaries) in proportion to their entitlement to the estate of the Settlor of such trust or similar arrangement (the Separated Private Assets).
 
The summary does not address the tax consequences of a holder of Shares who is an individual and who has a substantial interest in ICTS. Generally, a holder of Shares will have a substantial interest in ICTS if such holder of Shares, whether alone or together with his spouse or partner and/or certain other close relatives, holds directly or indirectly, or as Settlor or Beneficiary of Separated Private Assets (i) the ownership of, or certain other rights, such as usufruct, over, or rights to acquire (whether or not already issued), shares representing 5% or more of the total issued and outstanding capital (or the issued and outstanding capital of any class of shares) of ICTS or (ii) the ownership of, or certain other rights, such as usufruct over, profit participating certificates (“winstbewijzen”) that relate to 5% or more of the annual profit of ICTS or to 5% or more of the liquidation proceeds of ICTS.
 
In addition, a holder of Shares has a substantial interest in ICTS if he, whether alone or together with his spouse or partner and/or certain other close relatives, has the ownership of, or other rights over, shares in, or profit certificates issued by, ICTS that represent less than 5% of the relevant aggregate that either (a) qualified as part of a substantial interest as set forth above and where shares, profit certificates and/or rights there over have been, or are deemed to have been, partially disposed of, or (b) have been acquired as part of a transaction that qualified for non-recognition of gain treatment.
 
This summary does not address the tax consequences of a holder of Shares who:


 (a)
receives income or realizes capital gains in connection with his or her employment activities or in his/her

(b)
capacity as (former) Management Board member and/or (former) Supervisory Board member; or

(c)
is a resident of any non-European part of the Netherlands; or

(d)
for whom the Shares form part of a “lucrative interest” (see further below).
 
Prospective holders of Shares should consult their own professional adviser with respect to the tax consequences of any acquisition, ownership or disposal of Shares in their individual circumstances. 
 
Dividend Withholding Tax
 
General
 
ICTS is generally required to withhold dividend withholding tax imposed by the Netherlands at a rate of 15% on dividends distributed by ICTS in respect of Shares. The expression “dividends distributed by ICTS” as used herein includes, but is not limited to:
 

 (a)
distributions in cash or in kind, deemed and constructive distributions and repayments of paid-in capital (“gestort kapitaal”) not recognized for Netherlands dividend withholding tax purposes;

(b)
(b) liquidation proceeds, proceeds of redemption of Shares or, as a rule, consideration for the repurchase of Shares by ICTS in excess of the average paid-in capital recognized for Netherlands dividend withholding tax purposes;

(c)
(c) the par value of Shares issued to a holder of Shares or an increase of the par value of Shares, to the extent that it does not appear that a contribution, recognized for Netherlands dividend withholding tax purposes, has been made or will be made; and

(d)
(d) partial repayment of paid-in capital, recognized for Netherlands dividend withholding tax purposes, if and to the extent that there are net profits (“zuivere winst”), unless (i) the General Meeting has resolved in advance to make such repayment and (ii) the par value of the Shares concerned has been reduced by an equal amount by way of an amendment of the Articles of Association of ICTS.

Holders of Shares Resident in the Netherlands
 
A holder of Shares that is resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands is generally entitled, subject to the anti-dividend stripping rules described below, to a full credit against its (corporate) income tax liability, or a full refund, of the Netherlands dividend withholding tax. As from 1 January 2022, corporate taxpayers can only claim a credit for Netherlands dividend withholding tax for at maximum the amount of their corporate income tax liability in any given year. Non-credited dividend withholding tax can be carried forward indefinitely and be credited against the taxpayer’s tax liability in future years.
 
Holders of Shares Resident Outside the Netherlands
 
A holder of Shares that is resident in a country with which the Netherlands has a double taxation convention in effect, may, depending on the terms of such double taxation convention and subject to the anti-dividend stripping rules described below, be eligible for a full or partial exemption from, or full or partial refund of, Netherlands dividend withholding tax on dividends received.
 
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A holder of Shares that is a legal entity (a) resident in (i) a Member State of the European Union, (ii) Iceland, Norway or Liechtenstein, or (iii) a country with which the Netherlands has concluded a tax treaty that includes an article on dividends and (b) that is in its state of residence under the terms of a double taxation agreement concluded with a third state, not considered to be resident for tax purposes in a country with which the Netherlands has not concluded a tax treaty that includes an article on dividends (not being a Member State of the European Union, Iceland, Norway or Liechtenstein), is generally entitled, subject to the anti-abuse rules and the anti-dividend stripping rules described below, to a full exemption from Netherlands dividend withholding tax on dividends received if it holds an interest of at least 5% (in shares or, in certain cases, in voting rights) in ICTS or if it holds an interest of less than 5%, in either case where, had the holder of Shares been a Netherlands resident, it would have had the benefit of the participation exemption (this may include a situation where another related party holds an interest of 5% or more in the company).
 
The full exemption from Netherlands dividend withholding tax on dividends received by a holder of Shares that is a legal entity (a) resident in (i) a Member State of the European Union, (ii) Iceland, Norway or Liechtenstein, or (iii) a country with which the Netherlands has concluded a tax treaty that includes an article on dividends, is not granted if the interest held by such holder (i) is held with the avoidance of Netherlands dividend withholding tax of another person as (one of) the main purpose(s) and (ii) forms part of an artificial structure or series of structures (such as structures which are not put into place for valid business reasons reflecting economic reality).
 
A holder of Shares that is an entity resident in (i) a Member State of the European Union, or (ii) Iceland, Norway or Liechtenstein, or (iii) in a jurisdiction which has an arrangement for the exchange of tax information with the Netherlands (and such holder as described under (iii) holds the Shares as a portfolio investment, i.e., such holding is not acquired with a view to the establishment or maintenance of lasting and direct economic links between the holder of Shares and ICTS and does not allow the holder of Shares to participate effectively in the management or control of ICTS), which is exempt from tax in its country of residence and does not have a similar function to a qualifying investment institution (“fiscale beleggingsinstelling”) or a qualifying exempt investment institution (“vrijgestelde beleggingsinstelling”), and that would have been exempt from Netherlands corporate income tax if it had been a resident of the Netherlands, is generally entitled, subject to the anti-dividend stripping rules described below, to a full refund of Netherlands dividend withholding tax on dividends received. This full refund will in general benefit certain foreign pension funds, government agencies and certain government controlled commercial entities.
 
According to the anti-dividend stripping rules, no exemption, reduction, credit or refund of Netherlands dividend withholding tax will be granted if the recipient of the dividend paid by the company is not considered the beneficial owner (“uiteindelijk gerechtigde”) of the dividend as defined in these rules. A recipient of a dividend is not considered the beneficial owner of the dividend if, as a consequence of a combination of transactions, (i) a person (other than the holder of the dividend coupon), directly or indirectly, partly or wholly benefits from the dividend, (ii) such person directly or indirectly retains or acquires a comparable interest in Shares, and (iii) such person is entitled to a less favorable exemption, refund or credit of dividend withholding tax than the recipient of the dividend distribution. The term “combination of transactions” includes among others transactions that have been entered into in the anonymity of a regulated stock market, the sole acquisition of one or more dividend coupons and the establishment of short-term rights or enjoyment on Shares (e.g., usufruct).
 
As from 2024, the new Conditional Withholding Tax Rule (CWTR) will enter into force. Based on the CWTR, a withholding tax will be levied on (i) dividend payments to corporate shareholders resident in low-tax jurisdictions (i.e., countries with a statutory profit tax rate lower than 9%), (ii) dividend payments to jurisdictions that are included on the EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions and (iii) dividend payments to hybrid entities and artificial structures intended to avoid Dutch withholding tax on dividends (i.e., abuse situations). The rate of the CWHT on dividends is linked to the highest rate of the Dutch corporate income tax (currently being 25.8%). The proposed CWHT on dividend payments will be a new tax that will exist next to the regular Dividend Withholding Tax (rate: 15%). As a result, these taxes may apply simultaneously on the same dividend payment under certain circumstances. For these situations, the new CWHT rule provides for an anti-accumulation scheme that could be applied so that effectively a maximum rate of 25.8% is applied.
 
Holders of Shares Resident in the U.S.
 
Dividends paid to U.S. resident holders of Shares that are eligible for benefits under the Convention between the Netherlands and the United States of America for the avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes and Income, dated 18 December 1992 as amended by the protocol of 8 March 2004 (the U.S. Tax Treaty) are generally subject to a reduced dividend withholding tax rate of 5% in case of certain U.S. corporate shareholders owning at least 10% of ICTS’ total voting power. Certain U.S. pension funds and tax-exempt organizations may qualify for a complete exemption from Netherlands dividend withholding tax.
 
Under the U.S. Tax Treaty such benefits are generally available to U.S. residents if such resident is the beneficial owner of the dividends, provided that such shareholder does not have an enterprise or an interest in an enterprise that is, in whole or in part, carried on through a permanent establishment or permanent representative in the Netherlands and to which enterprise or part of an enterprise Shares are attributable. A person may, however, not claim the benefits of the U.S. Tax Treaty if such person’s entitlement to such benefits is limited by the provisions of Article 26 (the limitation on benefits provision) of the U.S. Tax Treaty. The reduced dividend withholding tax rate can generally be applied at source upon the distribution of the dividends, provided that the proper forms have been filed in advance of the distribution. In the case of certain tax-exempt organizations, as a general rule the so-called refund method applies only when certain administrative conditions have been fulfilled may such tax-exempt organization use the exemption method.
 
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Irrespective of meeting the conditions of the relevant provisions of U.S. Tax Treaty, dividends distributed by the company to a U.S. resident holder (i) who is a legal entity resident in the U.S. and (ii) that is in the U.S. under the terms of a double taxation agreement with a third state not considered to be resident for tax purposes in a country with which the Netherlands has not concluded a tax treaty that includes an article on dividends (not being a Member State of the European Union, Iceland, Norway or Liechtenstein), are generally, subject to the anti-abuse rules and the anti-dividend stripping rules described above, fully exempt from Netherlands dividend withholding tax if the U.S. resident holder of Shares holds an interest of at least 5% (in shares or, in certain cases, in voting rights) in ICTS or if it holds an interest of less than 5%, in either case where, had the holder of Shares been a Netherlands resident, it would have had the benefit of the participation exemption (this may include a situation where another related party holds an interest of 5% or more in ICTS).
 
Taxes on Income and Capital Gains
 
Holders of Shares Resident in the Netherlands: Individuals
 
A holder of Shares who is an individual resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands will be subject to regular Netherlands income tax on the income derived from Shares and the gains realized upon the acquisition, redemption and/or disposal of Shares by the holder thereof, if:

(a)   such holder of Shares has an enterprise or an interest in an enterprise, to which enterprise Shares are attributable; and / or
 
(b)  such income or capital gain forms “a benefit from miscellaneous activities” (“resultaat uit overige werkzaamheden”) which, for instance, would be the case if the activities with respect to Shares exceed “normal active asset management” (“normaal, actief vermogensbeheer”) or if income and gains are derived from the holding, whether directly or indirectly, of (a combination of) shares, debt claims or other rights (together, a “lucratief belang”) that the holder thereof has acquired under such circumstances that such income and gains are intended to be remuneration for work or services performed by such holder (or a related person), whether within or outside an employment relation, where such lucrative interest provides the holder thereof, economically speaking, with certain benefits that have a relation to the relevant work or services.
 
If either of the abovementioned conditions (a) or (b) applies, income derived from Shares and the gains realized upon the acquisition, redemption and/or disposal of Shares will in general be subject to Netherlands income tax at the progressive rates up to 49.5%.

If the abovementioned conditions (a) and (b) do not apply, a holder of Shares who is an individual, resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands will not be subject to taxes on actual income and capital gains in the Netherlands. Instead, such individual is generally taxed at a flat rate of 31% (rate 2022, as from 2023: 32%) on deemed income from “savings and investments” (“sparen en beleggen”), which deemed income is determined on the basis of the amount included in the individual’s “yield basis” (“rendementsgrondslag”) at the beginning of the calendar year minus a tax-free threshold. The tax-free threshold for 2022 is €50,650 (2023: €57,000). Following recent case law from the Supreme Court of the Netherlands, the systematics of determining the deemed income from savings and investments was changed by the Dutch government retro-actively to 2017. Based on these changes, the deemed income from portfolio investments (such as investments in Shares) is determined based on the multiple-years weighted average realized with investments in bonds, shares and real estate. For the years 2017-2022, the percentage was set between 5.28% and 5.69%. For 2023, the percentage is set at 6.17%. Given the current developments, resident individual holders of Shares are recommended to consult their own tax adviser to determine the potential effect of the above changes in their specific situation
 
Holders of Shares Resident in the Netherlands: Corporate Entities
 
A holder of Shares that is resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands for corporate income tax purposes, and that is:

•          a corporation;
•          another entity with a capital divided into shares;
•          a cooperative (association); or
•          another legal entity that has an enterprise or an interest in an enterprise to which the Shares are attributable, but which is not:
•          a qualifying pension fund;
•          a qualifying investment fund (“fiscale beleggingsinstelling”) or a qualifying exempt investment institution (“vrijgestelde beleggingsinstelling”); or
•          another entity exempt from corporate income tax,

will in general be subject to regular corporate income tax, against the regular Dutch income tax rates mentioned above over income derived from Shares and the gains realized upon the acquisition, redemption and/or disposal of Shares, unless, and to the extent that, the participation exemption (“deelnemingsvrijstelling”) applies.

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Holders of Shares Resident Outside the Netherlands: Individuals

A holder of Shares who is an individual, not resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands will not be subject to any Netherlands taxes on income derived from Shares and the gains realized upon the acquisition, redemption and/or disposal of Shares (other than the dividend withholding tax described above), unless:

(a)   such holder has an enterprise or an interest in an enterprise that is, in whole or in part, carried on through a permanent establishment (“vaste inrichting”) or a permanent representative (“vaste vertegenwoordiger”) in the Netherlands and to which enterprise or part of an enterprise, as the case may be, Shares are attributable; or
 
(b)  such income or capital gain forms a “benefit from miscellaneous activities in the Netherlands” (“resultaat uit overige werkzaamheden in Nederland”) which would for instance be the case if the activities in the Netherlands with respect to Shares exceed “normal active asset management” (“normaal, actief vermogensbeheer”) or if such income and gains are derived from the holding, whether directly or indirectly, of (a combination of) shares, debt claims or other rights (together, a “lucrative interest” (“lucratief belang”)) that the holder thereof has acquired under such circumstances that such income and gains are intended to be remuneration for work or services performed by such holder (or a related person), in whole or in part, in the Netherlands, whether within or outside an employment relation, where such lucrative interest provides the holder thereof, economically speaking, with certain benefits that have a relation to the relevant work or services.

If either of the above-mentioned conditions (a) or (b) applies, income or capital gains in respect of dividends distributed by ICTS or in respect of any gains realized upon the acquisition, redemption and/or disposal of Shares will in general be subject to Netherlands income tax at the progressive rates up 49.5%.

Holders of Shares Resident Outside the Netherlands: Legal and Other Entities
 
A holder of Shares that is a legal entity, another entity with a capital divided into shares, an association, a foundation or a fund or trust, not resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands for corporate income tax purposes, will not be subject to any Netherlands taxes on income derived from Shares and the gains realized upon the acquisition, redemption and/or disposal of Shares (other than the dividend withholding tax described above), unless:

(a)    such holder has an enterprise or an interest in an enterprise that is, in whole or in part, carried on through a permanent establishment (“vaste inrichting”) or a permanent representative (“vaste vertegenwoordiger”) in the Netherlands and to which enterprise or part of an enterprise, as the case may be, Shares are attributable; or
 
 (b)   such holder has a substantial interest in ICTS, that (i) is held with the avoidance of Netherlands income tax as (one of) the main purpose(s) and (ii) forms part of an artificial structure or series of structures (such as structures which are not put into place for valid business reasons reflecting economic reality).

If one of the above-mentioned conditions applies, income derived from Shares and the gains realized upon the acquisition, redemption and/or disposal of Shares will, in general, be subject to corporate income tax against the regular Dutch corporate income tax rates mentioned above, unless, and to the extent that, with respect to a holder as described under (a), the participation exemption (“deelnemingsvrijstelling”) applies.
 
Gift, Estate and Inheritance Taxes
 
Holders of Shares Resident in the Netherlands
 
Gift tax may be due in the Netherlands with respect to an acquisition of Shares by way of a gift by a holder of Shares who is resident or deemed to be resident of the Netherlands.
 
Inheritance tax may be due in the Netherlands with respect to an acquisition or deemed acquisition of Shares by way of an inheritance or bequest on the death of a holder of Shares who is resident or deemed to be resident of the Netherlands, or by way of a gift within 180 days before his death by an individual who is resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands at the time of his death.
 
For purposes of Netherlands gift and inheritance tax, an individual with the Netherlands nationality will be deemed to be resident in the Netherlands if he has been resident in the Netherlands at any time during the ten years preceding the date of the gift or his death. For purposes of Netherlands gift tax, an individual not holding the Netherlands nationality will be deemed to be resident of the Netherlands if he has been resident in the Netherlands at any time during the twelve months preceding the date of the gift.
 
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Holders of Shares Resident Outside the Netherlands
 
No gift, estate or inheritance taxes will arise in the Netherlands with respect to an acquisition of Shares by way of a gift by, or on the death of, a holder of Shares who is neither resident nor deemed to be resident of the Netherlands, unless, in the case of a gift of Shares by an individual who at the date of the gift was neither resident nor deemed to be resident in the Netherlands, such individual dies within 180 days after the date of the gift, while being resident or deemed to be resident in the Netherlands.
 
Certain Special Situations
 
For purposes of Netherlands gift, estate and inheritance tax, (i) a gift by a Third Party (Separate Private Assets) will be construed as a gift by the Settlor, and (ii) upon the death of the Settlor, as a rule his/her Beneficiaries will be deemed to have inherited directly from the Settlor. Subsequently, such Beneficiaries will be deemed the settlor, grantor or similar originator of the Separated Private Assets for purposes of Netherlands gift, estate and inheritance tax in case of subsequent gifts or inheritances.

For the purposes of Netherlands gift and inheritance tax, a gift that is made under a condition precedent is deemed to have been made at the moment such condition precedent is satisfied. If the condition precedent is fulfilled after the death of the donor, the gift is deemed to be made upon the death of the donor.

Value Added Tax
 
No Netherlands value added tax will arise in respect of or in connection with the subscription, issue, placement, allotment or delivery of the Shares.
 
Other Taxes and Duties
 
No Netherlands registration tax, capital tax, customs duty, transfer tax, stamp duty or any other similar documentary tax or duty, other than court fees, will be payable in the Netherlands in respect of or in connection with the subscription, issue, placement, allotment or delivery of the Shares.
 
Residency
 
A holder of Shares will not be treated as a resident, or a deemed resident, of the Netherlands by reason only of the acquisition, or the holding, of Shares or the performance by ICTS under the Shares. 
 
Documents on Display
 
We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In accordance with these requirements, the Company files reports and other information with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These materials may be inspected at the Company’s office in Schiphol-Oost, The Netherlands. Documents filed with the SEC may also be read and copied at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street N.E. Room 1580 Washington, DC 20549 USA. For further information please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. All the SEC filings made electronically by ICTS are available to the public on the SEC web site at http://www.sec.gov (commission file number 0-28542). Those reports are also available free of charge at www.ictsintl.com.
 
Subsidiary Information
 
Not applicable

Item 11.        Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk - applies to our operations outside the USA. In 2022, approximately 27% of the Company’s revenues were derived in the United States of America, and approximately 73% was derived in Europe and the Far East. The Company is subject to market risks associated with foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. We utilize some derivative instruments to manage the exposure to currency risk relating salaries in Israel. As such, significant foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations can have a material impact of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
 
Interest Rate Risk – As the Company currently doesn’t have any line of credit and the interest rate on convertible notes payable to a related party is fix, the Company is not subject to changes in interest rates based on Federal Reserve actions and/or  general market conditions. The Company does not utilize derivative instruments to manage exposure to interest rate risk. An increase of 1% in the interest rate would not increase the Company’s interest expense for bank loans, convertible notes payable to a related party and other parties in the year ended December 31, 2022.
 
Item 12.        Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities

Not applicable.

PART II
 
Item 13.        Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

Not applicable.

55

Item 14.        Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable

Item 15.        Controls and Procedures

Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting
 
(a) Our management, including our Managing Directors and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this annual report (the “Evaluation Date”).
 
Based on such evaluation, the Managing Directors and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
 
(b) Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Our management, including our Managing Directors and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework and criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022. Notwithstanding the foregoing, there can be no assurance that our internal control over financial reporting will detect or uncover all failures of persons within the Company to comply with our internal procedures, as all internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective may not prevent or detect misstatements.
 
This annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management’s report in this annual report.
 
(c) On the evaluation conducted by our Managing Directors and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) under the Exchange Act, our management has concluded that there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2022 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 16A     Audit Committee Financial Experts

The members of the Audit Committee consist of Philip M. Getter, Gordon Hausmann and Gail F. Lieberman. All members are independent, with no relationship with management. Mr. Getter and Ms. Lieberman have financial expertise. Mr. Getter is the Chairman of the Audit Committee.

Item 16B     Code of Ethics

The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics for principal’s executive officers and senior financial officers.

Item 16C     Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The following table sets forth the aggregate fees billed by our independent registered public accounting firm, Mazars USA LLP  for services rendered to us during the year ended December 31, 2022. Previously, Mayer Hoffman McCann CPAs, the New York Practice of Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C. (“MHM”) was the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and has served the Company as its independent registered public accounting firm through May 2022.
 
The audit committee has considered whether the provision of these services is compatible with maintaining the principal accountant’s independence and has concluded that such services are compatible. All fees were reviewed and pre-approved by the audit committee (U.S. Dollars in thousands).

   
2022
    
2021
  
Audit fees          
  
$
400
    
$
268
  
Audit related fees          
    
-
      
-
  
Tax fees
    
-
      
-
  
Total fees          
  
$
400
    
$
268
  

Substantially all of MHM’s personnel, who work under the control of MHM shareholders, are employees of wholly- owned subsidiaries of CBIZ, Inc., which provides personnel and various services to MHM in an alternative practice structure.

56
 
Item 16D     Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit committees

Not applicable.

Item 16E.     Purchase of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

Not applicable.

Item 16F.     Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

On April 27, 2022, the Company was informed by MHM, its auditor, that they have decided to decline to stand for re-appointment after completion of the current audit. In connection therewith, the Company provides that:


 1.
The audit report of MHM on the financial statements of the Company as of and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 did not contain any adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion, nor was it qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles.
 

 2.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 and during the period from January 1, 2021 through April 29, 2022, there were no disagreements with MHM on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedures that, if not resolved to MHM satisfaction, would have caused MHM to make reference in connection with its opinion to the subject matter of the disagreement.
 

 3.
No “reportable events”, as that term is described in Item 16F(a)(1)(v)(A)-(D) of this form 20-F, occurred within the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 and subsequently up to date hereof.

The audit committee of the company has accepted MHM’s decision not to stand for re-appointment. After investigation the audit committee has selected Mazars USA LLC as the company’s new auditor for the year ended December 31, 2022.
 
We provided a copy of this disclosure to MHM and requested that MHM furnish us with a letter addressed to the SEC stating whether it agrees with the above statements, and if not, stating the respects in which it does not agree. A copy of the letter of MHM addressed to the SEC, dated April 29, 2022, was filed as Exhibit D to the report 6-K filed with the SEC on April 29, 2022.
 
 Item 16G.   Corporate Governance

There are no significant differences between the corporate governance practices in the Netherlands and the U.S. The Company has adopted the U.S. practices.

57

 
PART III
 
Item 17.       Financial Statements

See Item 18.

Item 18.          Financial Statements

The Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, including the report of our independent registered public accounting firm thereon are set forth on pages F-1 to F-39.

Item 19.       Exhibits
Certification by the registrant’s Managing Director and Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule13a-14(a)

*
Incorporated by reference to the Company’s fillings.
**
Filed herewith.

58

SIGNATURES

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
 
ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
By:
/s/ Rom Shaked
  
     
Name:
Rom Shaked
  
     
Title:
Managing Director
  
     
Date:
May 10, 2023
  
     
By:
/s/ Alon Raich
  
     
Name:
Alon Raich
  
     
Title:
Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer
  
     
Date:
May 10, 2023
  

59

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
2022 ANNUAL REPORT
 
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 
Page
   
Consolidated Financial Statements:
  
   
F-2
   
F-3
   
F-4
   
F-5
   
F-6
   
F-7
   
F-9
   
Financial Statement Schedule:
  
   
F-39
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
To the Supervisory Board of Directors and Stockholders of ICTS International N.V. and Subsidiaries:
 
Opinion on the Financial Statements
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of ICTS International N.V. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes and schedule (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
 
Basis for Opinion
 
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
 
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
Critical Audit Matters
 
Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there were no critical audit matters.
 
/s/ Mazars USA LLP
   
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2022.
   
New York, NY
   

May 10, 2023
F - 2
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
To the Supervisory Board of Directors and Stockholders of ICTS International N.V. and Subsidiaries:
 
Opinion on the Financial Statements
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of ICTS International N.V. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ deficit, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and schedule (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
 
Basis for Opinion
 
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
 
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
/s/ Mayer Hoffman McCann CPAs
(The New York Practice of Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C.)
 
We served as the Company’s auditor from 2007 to 2022
 
New York, New York
 
May 16, 2022
 
F - 3
ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share data)
 
   
December 31,
  
 
  
2022
    
2021
  
ASSETS            
CURRENT ASSETS:
            
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
50,937
    
$
88,753
  
Restricted cash
   
15,867
      
14,699
  
Bank deposits
   
24,568
      
-
  
Accounts receivable, net
   
54,306
      
55,089
  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
9,805
      
16,021
  
Total current assets
   
155,483
      
174,562
  
                 
Deferred tax assets, net
   
1,518
      
1,403
  
Investments
   
326
      
525
  
Deposits
   
4,545
      
-
  
Restricted cash
   
4,590
      
-
  
Property and equipment, net
   
6,276
      
5,710
  
Operating lease right of use assets
   
10,201
      
10,938
  
Goodwill
   
646
      
690
  
Other assets
   
1,048
      
2,052
  
Total assets
 
$
184,633
    
$
195,880
  
                 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT
                
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
                
Notes payable-banks
 
$
122
    
$
199
  
Accounts payable
   
8,720
      
5,857
  
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
   
41,707
      
39,834
  
Value added tax (VAT) payable
   
7,703
      
5,378
  
Income taxes payable
   
6,105
      
6,292
  
Operating lease liabilities, current
   
3,969
      
3,317
  
Total current liabilities
   
68,326
      
60,877
  
                 
Convertible notes payable to a related party
   
1,104
      
1,192
  
Operating lease liabilities, non-current
   
6,375
      
8,298
  
Other liabilities
   
29,214
      
40,867
  
Total liabilities
   
105,019
      
111,234
  
                 
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 19)
            
                 
REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS (NOTE 13)
   
89,974
      
90,478
  
                 
SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT:
                
Common stock, €0.45 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
37,433,333 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
    
19,186
      
19,186
  
Additional paid-in capital
   
16,604
      
16,844
  
Accumulated deficit
   
(38,521
)
    
(33,796
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
   
(8,186
)
    
(7,866
)
Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries
   
557
      
(200
)
Total shareholders' deficit
   
(10,360
)
    
(5,832
)
Total liabilities and shareholders' deficit
 
$
184,633
    
$
195,880
  
 
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
 
F - 4
ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands, except share data)
 
   
For the Years Ended December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
                   
Revenue
 
$
324,977
    
$
324,934
    
$
248,419
  
Cost of revenue
   
261,181
      
209,771
      
196,569
  
GROSS PROFIT
   
63,796
      
115,163
      
51,850
  
Operating expenses:
                        
Research and development
   
13,601
      
12,114
      
6,541
  
Selling, general and administrative
   
53,799
      
50,882
      
37,239
  
Goodwill impairment
   
-
      
139
      
-
  
Total operating expenses
   
67,400
      
63,135
      
43,780
  
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)
   
(3,604
)
    
52,028
      
8,070
  
Equity loss from investment in affiliates
   
(97
)
    
(983
)
    
(790
)
Other income (expenses), net
   
113
      
(537
)
    
(1,288
)
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSES
   
(3,588
)
    
50,508
      
5,992
  
Income tax expenses
   
1,646
      
9,220
      
590
  
NET INCOME (LOSS)
   
(5,234
)
    
41,288
      
5,402
  
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
   
(509
)
    
6,481
      
999
  
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V.
  
$
(4,725
)
  
$
34,807
    
$
4,403
  
                         
BASIC AND DILUTED NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. PER SHARE
                        
Net income (loss) attributable to ICTS International N.V.
 
$
(4,725
)
  
$
34,807
    
$
4,403
  
Less deemed dividend attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests
    
-
      
10,102
      
-
  
Net income (loss) available to ICTS International N.V. shareholders
    
(4,725
)
    
24,705
      
4,403
  
                         
Basic weighted average number of shares
   
37,433,333
      
37,433,333
      
35,827,854
  
                         
Net income (loss) per share attributable to ICTS International N.V. - basic
  
$
(0.13
)
  
$
0.66
    
$
0.12
  
                         
Diluted weighted average number of shares
   
37,433,333
      
40,237,340
      
38,424,718
  
                         
Net income (loss) per share attributable to ICTS International N.V. - diluted
  
$
(0.13
)
  
$
0.61
      
0.11
  
                         
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
                        
                         
Net income (loss)
 
$
(5,234
)
  
$
41,288
    
$
5,402
  
Other Comprehensive Income (loss) - Translation adjustments
   
(277
)
    
(1,861
)
    
20
  
Unrealized gains (loss) on derivative instruments
   
(35
)
    
32
      
-
  
Comprehensive income (loss)
   
(5,546
)
    
39,459
      
5,422
  
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
    
(500
)
    
6,259
      
1,106
  
COMREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V.
  
$
(5,046
)
  
$
33,200
    
$
4,316
  
 
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
 
F - 5
ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
(In thousands, except share data)
 
   
Common Stock
    
Additional
Paid-In
    
Accumulated
    
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
    
Non-Controlling
    
Total
Shareholders'
  
   
Shares
    
Amount
    
Capital
    
Deficit
    
Loss
    
Interests
    
Deficit
  
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2019
    
35,433,333
    
$
18,120
    
$
26,972
    
$
(73,006
)
  
$
(6,172
)
  
$
(1,599
)
  
$
(35,685
)
Issuance of common stock
    
2,000,000
      
1,066
      
(266
)
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
800
  
Net income
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
4,403
      
-
      
74
      
4,477
  
Translation adjustment
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
(87
)
    
10
      
(77
)
                                                         
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2020
    
37,433,333
      
19,186
      
26,706
      
(68,603
)
    
(6,259
)
    
(1,515
)
    
(30,485
)
Conversion of preferred shares A and A-1 in AU10TIX Technologies B.V. to new series A
            
-
      
(10,102
)
    
-
      
-
      
1,045
      
(9,057
)
Net income
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
34,807
      
-
      
281
      
35,088
  
Stock-based compensation – AU10TIX Technologies B.V.
    
-
      
-
      
240
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
240
  
Translation adjustment
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
(1,639
)
    
(11
)
    
(1,650
)
Unrealized gains on derivatives instruments
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
32
      
-
      
32
  
                                                         
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2021
   
37,433,333
      
19,186
      
16,844
      
(33,796
)
    
(7,866
)
    
(200
)
    
(5,832
)
Net loss
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
(4,725
)
    
-
      
(19
)
    
(4,744
)
Stock-based compensation – AU10TIX Technologies B.V.
    
-
      
-
      
(240
)
    
-
      
-
      
753
      
513
  
Translation adjustment
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
(285
)
    
23
      
(262
)
Unrealized loss on derivatives instruments
    
-
      
-
      
-
      
-
      
(35
)
    
-
      
(35
)
                                                         
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2022
    
37,433,333
    
$
19,186
    
$
16,604
    
$
(38,521
)
  
$
(8,186
)
  
$
557
    
$
(10,360
)
 
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
 
F - 6
ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands, except share data)
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
                  
Net income (loss)
 
$
(5,234
)
  
$
41,288
    
$
5,402
  
                         
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
                        
Depreciation and amortization
   
2,454
      
2,061
      
2,090
  
Goodwill impairment
   
-
      
139
      
-
  
Loss (gain) from sale of investment
   
14
      
(186
)
    
-
  
Bad debt expense
   
409
      
864
      
272
  
Deferred income taxes
   
(120
)
    
(292
)
    
(651
)
Loss on disposal of property and equipment
   
-
      
-
      
71
  
Equity loss from investment in affiliates
   
226
      
983
      
790
  
Stock-based compensation
   
513
      
350
      
-
  
Changes in assets and liabilities:
                        
Accounts receivable, net
   
(1,229
)
    
(23,280
)
    
11,395
  
Receivable from related party
   
-
      
2,200
      
(2,200
)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
5,316
      
1,442
      
(13,562
)
Deposits
   
(4,545
)
    
-
      
-
  
Other assets
   
550
      
(112
)
    
485
  
Accounts payable
   
3,019
      
2,321
      
(2,548
)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
   
3,554
      
9,400
      
(5,521
)
VAT payable
   
2,668
      
(4,793
)
    
3,999
  
Income taxes payable
   
16
      
5,745
      
405
  
Operating lease accounts, net
   
(468
)
    
(1,919
)
    
19
  
Other liabilities
   
(9,254
)
    
17,172
      
23,786
  
                         
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
   
(2,111
)
    
53,383
      
24,232
  
                         
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
                        
Purchase of property and equipment
   
(1,746
)
    
(1,434
)
    
(2,197
)
Purchase of company in Sweden
   
-
      
(150
)
    
-
  
Capitalization of software costs
   
(1,355
)
    
(1,040
)
    
(603
)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
   
4
      
79
      
67
  
Proceeds from sale of investment
   
-
      
200
      
-
  
Investments
   
(45
)
    
(68
)
    
(150
)
Deposits (withdraws) regarding Employees severance
   
454
      
(4
)
    
(226
)
Net cash used in investing activities
 
$
(2,688
)
  
$
(2,417
)
  
$
(3,109
)
 
F - 7
ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands, except share data)
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
                  
Repayments under lines of credit, net
 
$
(64
)
  
$
(7,230
)
  
$
(13,091
)
Repayments of convertible notes payable to a related party
   
(88
)
    
(8
)
    
-
  
Repayments of loan payable to a related party
   
-
      
-
      
(1,538
)
Repayment of loan payable
   
-
      
-
      
(1,121
)
Decrease in bank overdrafts
   
-
      
-
      
(738
)
Net cash used in financing activities
   
(152
)
    
(7,238
)
    
(16,488
)
                         
EFFECT OF CHANGES IN FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES ON CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND BANK DEPOSITS
    
(2,539
)
    
(1,350
)
    
1,594
  
                         
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND DEPOSITS
    
(7,490
)
    
42,378
      
6,229
  
                         
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND BANK DEPOSITS BEGINNING OF YEAR
    
103,452
      
61,074
      
54,845
  
                         
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND BANK DEPOSITS END OF YEAR
  
$
95,962
    
$
103,452
    
$
61,074
  
                         
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
                        
                         
Stock issuance as reduction against convertible notes payable to related party
  
$
-
    
$
-
    
$
800
  
                         
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW ACTIVITIES
                        
Cash paid during the year for:
                        
Interest
 
$
80
    
$
152
    
$
613
  
                         
Income taxes
 
$
1,895
    
$
2,175
    
$
1,329
  
 
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
 
F - 8
ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)
 
NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION
 
Description of Business
 
ICTS International N.V. (“ICTS”) was registered at the Department of Justice in Amstelveen, Netherlands on October 9, 1992. ICTS and subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “ICTS” or the "Company") operate in four reportable segments: (a) corporate (b) airport security (c) other aviation related services and (d) authentication technology. The corporate segment does not generate revenue and contains primarily non-operational expenses. The airport security segment provides security services mostly to airport authorities and airlines predominantly in Europe. The other aviation services segment provides services mostly to airlines and airport authorities in the United States of America. The authentication technology segment provides authentication services to financial and other companies, predominantly in the United States of America.

 

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP"). The significant accounting policies are as follows:
 
Functional Currency
 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars. The Company has determined that the functional currency of its subsidiaries is usually the local currency, AU10TIX functional currency is United States Dollars. For financial reporting purposes, the assets and liabilities of such subsidiaries are translated into United States Dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The revenue and expenses of such subsidiaries are translated into United States Dollars using average exchange rates in effect during the reporting period. Resulting translation adjustments are presented as a separate category in shareholders' deficit called accumulated other comprehensive loss.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
 
The most significant estimates and assumptions included in these consolidated financial statements consist of the: (a) valuation allowance of deferred income taxes and (b) determination of the estimated fair value of the AU10TIX preferred shares conversion in 2021.
 
Principles of Consolidation
 
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ICTS International N.V. and its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash and cash equivalents.
 
Restricted Cash and Bank Deposits
 
Short term restricted cash as of December 31, 2022 consists of: (a) $279 held in bank accounts that serve as cash collateral for outstanding letters of credit and guarantees, (b) $14,459 held in several bank accounts in the Netherlands, which is restricted for payments to local tax authorities (see note 4) and (c) $1,129 secured for derivative instruments.
 
Short term restricted cash as of December 31, 2021 consists of: (a) $3,350 held in bank accounts that serve as cash collateral for outstanding letters of credit and guarantees, (b) $10,599 held in several bank accounts in the Netherlands, which is restricted for payments to local tax authorities (see note 4) and (c) $750 secured for derivative instruments.
 

 

F - 9		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)
 
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
Restricted Cash and Bank Deposits(continued)
 
Long term restricted cash as of December 31, 2022 consist of $4,590 held in bank accounts that serve as risk collateral for long term outstanding letters of credit and guarantees.
 
Bank deposits consist of interest bearing deposits held in banks and financial institutions with an original maturity of more than three months and less than a year from the date of deposit and carried at cost.
 
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and restricted cash reported on the balance sheet that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the statements of cash flows.
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
50,937
    
$
88,753
    
$
51,602
  
Restricted cash – short term
   
15,867
      
14,699
      
9,472
  
Bank deposits
   
24,568
      
-
      
-
  
Restricted cash – long term
   
4,590
      
-
      
-
  
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and bank deposits shown in the statement of cash flows
  
$
95,962
    
$
103,452
    
$
61,074
  
 
Accounts Receivable
 
Accounts receivable represent amounts due to the Company for services rendered and are recorded net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for credit losses is based on historical collection experience, factors related to specific customers and current economic trends. The Company writes off accounts receivable when determined to be uncollectible and are recognized as a reduction to the allowance for credit losses. As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, the allowance for doubtful accounts is $1,208 and $991, respectively.
 
Fair Value Measurements
 
The Company follows Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement”. Topic 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Topic 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value should be based on assumptions that market participants would use.
 
In determining the fair value, the Company assesses the inputs used to measure fair value using a three-tier hierarchy, as follows:
 
  Level 1 -
Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Companies have the ability to access at the measurement date.
 
  Level 2 -
Inputs to the valuation methodology include:
 
  •
Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;
 
  •
Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;
 
  •
Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability;
 
  •
Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
 
If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, the Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
 
  Level 3 -
Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
 

 

F - 10		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)
 
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
Deposits
 
Deposits consist of long-term cash deposits provided to customers which serve as cash collateral in order to guarantee the performance and quality of services provided to the customers. The deposits are repaid to the Company at the end of the contract or the engagement with the customers.
 
Investments
 
The Company accounts for investments in the equity securities of companies which represent an ownership interest of 20% to 50% and the ability to exercise significant influence, provided that ability does not represent control, using the equity method. The equity method requires the Company to recognize its share of the net income (loss) of its investees in the consolidated statement of operations until the carrying value of the investment is zero.
 
The Company records investments in the equity securities of privately held companies which represent an ownership interest of less than 20% at cost minus impairment.
 
Derivative Instruments
 
Derivative instruments are measured at their fair value and recorded as either assets or liabilities. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments are initially recorded in other comprehensive income and a corresponding amount is reclassified out of other comprehensive income into earnings when the underlying transactions are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
 
The Company maintains a risk management strategy that may incorporate the use of put options and forward exchange contracts, to minimize significant fluctuation in cash flows and/or earnings that are caused by exchange rate or interest rate volatility.

 

Property and Equipment
 
Equipment and furniture, internal-use software, leasehold improvements and vehicles are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives used in determining depreciation are as follows:
 
 
Years
Equipment and facilities
  
3-7
Internal- use software
 
3-7
Vehicles
 
3-7
 
Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the total term of the lease or the estimated useful lives of the assets.
 
Capitalized Internal-Use Software Costs
 
The Company capitalizes certain costs incurred in developing internal-use software when capitalization requirements have been met. Costs prior to meeting the capitalization requirements are expensed as incurred. Costs, such as maintenance and training are also expensed as incurred. Capitalized costs are included in property and equipment, and amortized on a straight-lined basis over the estimated useful life of the software. Amortization expense, which is included in depreciation expense, amounted to $742, $374 and $147 during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
Goodwill
 
Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets of an acquired business. Goodwill is assessed for impairment by reporting unit on an annual basis or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company would record a goodwill impairment charge for the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the goodwill, not to exceed the carrying amount of the goodwill. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded goodwill impairment charge of $0, $139 and $0, respectively on its goodwill.
 

 

F - 11		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)
 
NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
Long-Lived Assets
 
The Company reviews long-lived assets, other than goodwill, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company assesses recoverability by determining whether the net book value of the related asset will be recovered through the projected undiscounted future cash flows of the asset. If the Company determines that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable, it measures any impairment based on the fair value of the asset as compared to its carrying value. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Company did not record any impairment charges on its long-lived assets.
 
Employee Rights Upon Severance
 
The Company is required to make severance payments to its Israeli employees upon dismissal of an employee or upon a termination of employment in certain circumstances. The Israeli pension and severance pay liability to the employees is covered mainly by deposits made at insurance companies. For its employees who are employed under the Section 14 of the Israeli Severance Pay Law, 1963 (“Section 14”), the Company makes deposits with certain insurance companies for accounts controlled by each applicable employee in order to secure the employees’ rights upon termination. In addition, the related obligation and amounts deposited on behalf of the applicable employees for such obligations are not presented on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, as the amounts funded are not under the control of management of the Company and the Company is legally released from the obligation to pay any severance payments to the employees once the required deposits amounts have been paid.
 
For employees not under Section 14, severance liabilities are recorded based on the length of service and their latest monthly salary. The Company’s liabilities for the Israeli employees amounted to $1,550 and $1,631 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively and are included in other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The deposits made at insurance companies to cover these liabilities amounted to $1,048 and $1,346 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively and are included in other assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
 
Leases
 
The Company follows Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842).
 
The Company as a lessee
 
Leases are classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the income statement. A lease is a finance lease if it meets any one of the criteria below, otherwise the lease is an operating lease:
 
The lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term.
 
The lease grants the lessee an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise.
 
The lease term is for the major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset.
 
The present value of the sum of the lease payments and any residual value guaranteed by the lessee that is not already reflected in the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset.
 
The underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of lease term.
 
Based on the criteria above, all of the Company's leases are classified as operating leases.
 
Operating lease Rights of Use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term, while the ROU assets are also adjusted for any prepaid or accrued lease payments. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of the lease payments. The company does not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for leases with a term shorter than 12 months.
 
The lease term is the non-cancellable period of the lease plus periods covered by an extension or termination option if it reasonably certain that the Company will exercise the option.
 
After lease commencement, the Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the remaining lease payments using the discount rate determined at lease commencement (as long as the discount rate hasn’t been updated as a result of a reassessment event).
 

 

F - 12		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)
 
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
Leases (Continued)
 
The Company as a lessee (continued)
 
The Company subsequently measures the ROU asset at the present value of the remaining lease payments, adjusted for the remaining balance of any lease incentives received, any cumulative prepaid or accrued rent if relevant and any unamortized initial direct costs. Lease expenses are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease terms will include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise or not exercise the option to renew or terminate the lease.
 
Variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate
 
On the commencement date, the lease payments shall include variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate (such as the Consumer Price Index or a market interest rate), initially measured using the index or rate at the commencement date.
 
The Company does not remeasure the lease liability for changes in future lease payments arising from changes in an index or rate unless the lease liability is remeasured for another reason. Therefore, after initial recognition, such variable lease payments are recognized in profit or loss as they are incurred.
 
Convertible Debt Instruments
 
The Company evaluates convertible debt instruments to determine whether the embedded conversion option needs to be bifurcated from the debt instrument and accounted for as a freestanding derivative instrument. An embedded conversion option is considered to be a freestanding derivative when: (a) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded conversion option are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host instrument, (b) the hybrid instrument that embodies both the embedded conversion option and the host instrument is not re-measured at fair value under otherwise applicable US GAAP with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur, and (c) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded conversion option would be considered a derivative instrument subject to certain requirements .
 
Contingent Liabilities
 
The Company is subject to various investigations, claims and legal proceedings covering a wide range of matters that arise in the normal course of its business activities. Liabilities for such contingencies are recognized when: (a) information available prior to the issuance of the consolidated financial statements indicates that it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the consolidated financial statements and (b) the amount of loss can reasonably be estimated.
 
Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
The Company's comprehensive income (loss) consists mostly of the Company’s net income (loss), foreign currency translation adjustments and changes in fair value of derivative instruments as cash flow instruments. Accumulated other comprehensive loss consist of the Company’s accumulated foreign exchange currency translation adjustments, and changes in fair value of derivative instruments.
 
Stock-Based Compensation
 
Stock-based compensation to employees and non-employees, including stock options, are measured at the fair value of the award on the date of grant based on the estimated number of awards that are ultimately expected to vest. The compensation expense resulting from stock-based compensation to management and administrative employees is recorded over the vesting period of the award in selling, general and administrative expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Compensation expense resulting from stock-based compensation to operational employees is recorded over the vesting period of the award in cost of revenue.
 

 

F - 13		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
Non-Controlling Interests
 
The Company’s non-controlling interests represent the minority shareholder’s ownership interests related to the Company’s subsidiaries. The Company reports its non-controlling interests in subsidiaries as a separate component of equity in the consolidated balance sheets and reports net income (loss) attributable to the non-controlling interests in the consolidated statements of operations.
 
Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests
 
When the Company or its subsidiaries issues preferred shares, it considers the provisions of FASB ASC 480 –"Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity" (Topic 480) in order to determine whether the preferred share should be classified as a liability. If the instrument is not within the scope of Topic 480, the Company or its subsidiaries further analyses the instruments characteristics in order to determine whether it should be classified within temporary equity (mezzanine) or within permanent equity in accordance with the provisions of Topic 480-10-S99. AU10TIX redeemable convertible preferred shares are not mandatorily or currently redeemable. However, it includes a liquidation or deemed liquidation events that would constitute a redemption event that is outside of the Company’s control. As such, all shares of redeemable preferred shares have been presented outside of permanent equity. The Company has not adjusted the carrying values of the redeemable preferred shares to the deemed liquidation values of such shares since a liquidation event was not probable at any of the balance sheet dates. Subsequent adjustments to increase or decrease the carrying values to the ultimate liquidation values will be made only if and when it becomes probable that such a liquidation event will occur.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
Revenue is recognized when the promised services are performed for our clients, and the amount that reflects the consideration we are entitled to receive in exchange for those services is determined. The Company’s revenues are recorded net of any sales taxes.
 
In order to determine the revenue, we (1) identify the contract with the client, (2) identify the performance obligations, usually it’s based on the hours spent, (3) determination of the transaction price, (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligation and (5) we recognize revenue as performance obligation is satisfied.
 
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct service to the client, and it is the unit of account for revenue recognition. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual services is not separately identifiable from other promises in our contracts and, therefore, is not distinct.
 
The following table presents the Company’s revenues according to the Company’s segments:
 
   
Year ended December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
Airport Security
 
$
224,037
    
$
217,463
    
$
194,477
  
Other Aviation Related Services
   
53,954
      
36,224
      
28,177
  
Authentication Technology
   
46,986
      
71,247
      
25,765
  
Total revenue
 
$
324,977
    
$
324,934
    
$
248,419
  
 
The following table presents the Company’s revenues generated from customers by geographical area based on the geographical location of the customers invoicing address:
 
   
Year ended December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
Germany
 
$
111,826
      
34
%
  
$
126,367
      
39
%
  
$
119,500
      
48
%
United States
   
88,333
      
27
%
    
94,743
      
29
%
    
45,305
      
18
%
The Netherlands
   
63,842
      
20
%
    
52,165
      
16
%
    
58,446
      
24
%
Spain
   
39,448
      
12
%
    
30,946
      
10
%
    
7,465
      
3
%
Other countries
   
21,528
      
7
%
    
20,713
      
6
%
    
17,703
      
7
%
Total revenue
 
$
324,977
      
100
%
  
$
324,934
      
100
%
  
$
248,419
      
100
%
 

 

F - 14		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
Revenue Recognition (Continued)
 
Airport Security and Other Aviation Services Segments
 
In the airport security and other aviation services, for performance obligations that we satisfy over time, revenues are recognized by consistently applying a method of measuring hours spent on that performance obligation. We generally utilize an input measure of time (hours and attendance for specific time framed service like specific flights) of the service provided. Performance obligations are satisfied over the course of each month and continue to be performed until the contract has been terminated or cancelled.
 
Pricing and Reduction to Revenues
 
We generally determine standalone selling prices based upon the prices included in the client contracts, using expected costs plus margin, or other observable prices. The price as specified in our client contracts is generally considered the standalone selling price as it is an observable input that depicts the price as if sold to a similar client in similar circumstances. Certain client contracts have variable consideration, including quality thresholds or other similar items that could reduce the transaction price. These amounts may be constrained and revenue is recorded to the extent we do not expect a significant reversal or when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our variable consideration amounts, if any, are not material, and we do not expect significant changes to our estimates.
 
Contracts
 
Our client contracts generally include standard payment terms acceptable in each of the countries, states and territories in which we operate. The payment terms vary by the type and location of our clients and services offered. Client payments are typically due in 30 to 60 days after invoicing, but may be a shorter or longer term depending on the contract. Our contracts with main customers are generally long-term contracts, between two to five years. The timing between satisfaction of the performance obligation, invoicing and payment is not significant.
 
Practical Expedients and Exemptions
 
Because nearly all our contracts are based on input measure of time of service provided (as hours or attendance) no exemptions need to be made. We have no material contracts with material revenues expected to be recognized subsequent to December 31, 2022 related to remaining performance obligations.
 
Revenue Service Types
 
The following is a description of our revenue service types, including Airport Security, Airline Security, Cargo Security, Other Airport Services, General Security Services and Other.
 
Airport Security
 
Staffing or manning for specialized airport security are usually based on long term contract issued via a public tender process. We recognize revenue given the unit of measure (hours) provided in the given time period and the specific price for specific hours agreed upon in the contracts. Quality and criteria of staffing are described in the contracts and are measured in the given time period. Deviations, if any, are discussed with the customer before invoicing and will be reflected in the invoice showing the approved hours and other cost elements as agreed upon price.
 
Most contracts have an hourly rate that reflects an all-in tariff based on a full cost price calculation. In some of the contracts the hourly rates are split between a component based on hours and a component based on specific costs in a specific time period but always linked to the service provided in given time period. Revenue is recognized at the time period set in the contract.
 
Airline Security
 
Staffing or manning for airline security are usually based on long term contracts issued via a public tender procedure. We recognize revenue according to the unit of measure provided (usually attendance for specific time framed service like specific flights). The time framed specialized security services in this case the executed number of flights. When the manning for the security of these flights is delivered, the Company invoices the customer according to the agreed flight tariff.
 

 

F - 15		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)
 
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
Revenue Recognition (Continued)
 
Cargo Security
 
Staffing or manning for specialized cargo security are usually based on long term contract, sometimes publicly tendered. Contracts are based on hourly planned and executed screening services. Revenue is recognized based on the realized screening hours and contractually agreed upon hourly rate.
 
Other Airport Services
 
Airport Services include wheelchair attendants, pre-departure skycaps, bag-runners, agents, guards, charter security screening, janitorial, and cabin cleaning to major U.S. and foreign carriers in airports throughout the United States of America. Our contracts may include either single or multiple performance obligations and vary by airport and airline. We recognize revenue given the unit of measure (usually hours) provided in the given time period and the specific price for specific hours or attendance for specific event, time framed service as agreed upon in the contracts.
 
General Security Services
 
Security Services include providing armed and un-armed guards to private schools and places of worship, video surveillance and patrol. Contracts for security services generally include only a single performance obligation. We recognize revenue for security guard services given the unit of measure (hours) provided in the given time period. Revenue from video surveillance and patrol is recognized based upon a fixed monthly rate.
 
Other Services
 
Other services include revenues from (incidental) specialized security manning services, training services and ad hoc work performed on and off airports. Revenue is recognized over time as services are being performed, using the input of service delivered during the time period, according to the contractual agreed price.
 
Authentication Technology Segment
 
In the authentication technology segment, the Company offers authentication services on a cost per click basis, with a minimum yearly commitment which means the customer pays the Company according to the higher of (a) number of times the customer used the system in order to authenticate IDs or (b) according to the yearly minimum commitment. According to the agreement with the customers, each chargeable click has an agreed price and revenue is being recognized accordingly.
 
Pricing and Reduction to Revenues
 
The company determines standalone selling prices based upon the prices included in the client contracts, using expected costs plus margin, or other observable prices. The price as specified in our client contracts is considered the selling price as agreed with the customer. The Company’s variable consideration, if any, amounts are not material, and we do not expect significant changes to our estimates. The Company does not expect a significant reversal or when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. A customer might be offering a tier-based pricing scheme, or not, and in any event of usage above the committed amount, the pricing will remain unchanged.
 
Contracts
 
Client contracts generally include standard payment terms acceptable in each of the countries, states and territories in which the company operates, and are typically set to a three-year deal duration. The payment terms vary by the type and location of our clients and services offered. The minimum commitment is usually being paid in advance. Client payments are typically due in 30 days after invoicing, but may be a shorter or longer term depending on the contract. Client contracts are usually range from one to three years, with a convenience exit every twelve months period, and at the end of the contract there is a renewal option. The timing between satisfaction of the performance obligation, invoicing and payment is not significant.
 

 

F - 16		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
Revenue Recognition (Continued)
 
Deferred Revenues
 
The Company records deferred revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance. Deferred revenues at December 31, 2022 and 2021 were $3,570 and $2,239, respectively shown as part of the accrued expenses and other current liabilities and $336 and $1,030 shown as other liabilities. Revenue recognized for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 that was included in the deferred revenue at the beginning of each year was $2,217, $2,049 and $1,879, respectively.
 
Our payment terms vary by the type and location of our customer and the products or services offered. The term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant.
 
Capitalized Contract Costs
 
As part of obtaining contracts with certain customers in the authentication technology segment, the Company incurs upfront costs such as sales commissions. The Company capitalizes these costs which are subsequently amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of the relationship with the customer. The Company applies the practical expedient that allows it to determine this estimate for a portfolio of contracts that have similar characteristics in terms of type of service, contract term and pricing. This estimate is reviewed by management at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available.
 
Cost of Revenue
 
Cost of revenue represents primarily payroll and employee related costs associated with employees who provide services under the terms of the Company’s contractual arrangements, insurance and depreciation and amortization.
 
Research and Development Costs
 
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of payroll and related costs, professional services, consulting services and non-capitalized cost associated with the development of technologies.
 
Advertising Costs
 
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and consist of costs associated with promoting the Company, its products and services as participation in conferences and publication costs. Advertising costs during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are $3,472, $2,150 and $735, respectively.
 
Value Added Tax
 
Certain of the Company’s operations are subject to Value Added Tax (“VAT”) applied on the services sold in those respective countries. The Company is required to remit the VAT collected to the tax authorities, but may deduct the VAT paid on certain eligible purchases.
 
Income Taxes
 
The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established when realization of net deferred tax assets is not considered more likely than not.
 

 

F - 17		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
Income Taxes (Continued)
 
Uncertain income tax positions are determined based upon the likelihood of the positions being sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the consolidated financial statements in the period during which management believes it is more likely than not that the position will not be sustained. Income tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Income tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of income tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized if challenged by the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with income tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured is reflected as income taxes payable.
 
Income (Loss) Per Share
 
Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share is determined in the same manner as basic income (loss) per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include potentially dilutive securities using the treasury stock method.
 
The Company had a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022. For periods of net loss, diluted loss per share is calculated similarly to basic loss per share because the impact of all dilutive potential common share is anti-dilutive due to the net loss. Potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share even though the conversion rate of the convertible note payable to related party was lower than the market price of the Company’s common stock as of December 31, 2022, due to the net loss during that year.
 
The Company had net income for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. For the year ended December 31, 2021 the net income of the Company was adjusted by $10,102 as deemed dividends following the conversion of preferred shares A and A-1 in AU10TIX Technologies B.V. to new Series A. Potentially dilutive securities were included in the computation of diluted income per share as the conversion rate of the convertible note payable to related party was lower than the weighted average computed price of the Company’s stock for the year 2021 and 2020.
 
The number of shares of common stock attributable to potentially dilutive securities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were 2,760,855, 2,978,843 and 3,000,000 shares of which the December 31, 2022 shares were excluded from the loss per share calculation due to being anti-dilutive. Those shares were issuable upon conversion of convertible notes payable to related party at price of $0.40.
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, income taxes payable, VAT payable, notes payable-banks, long-term loan payable and loan payable to related party approximate their carrying values due to the short-term nature of the instruments. The carrying values of the convertible notes payable to a related party and other liabilities are not readily determinable because: (a) these instruments are not traded and, therefore, no quoted market prices exist upon which to base an estimate of fair value and (b) there were no readily determinable similar instruments on which to base an estimate of fair value.
 
Concentration of Credit Risk
 
Financial instruments which are subject to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, bank deposits and accounts receivable.
 
The Company maintains cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and bank deposits in accounts with financial institutions in the United States of America, Europe, Japan and Israel. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, accounts at financial institutions located in the United States of America are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250 per institution. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and bank deposits of $10,613 and $17,522, respectively, are being held in the United States of America, of which $10,613 and $17,063, respectively, are uninsured. Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and bank deposits located in Europe, Japan and Israel, totaling $85,349 and $85,930 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, are uninsured.
 

 

F - 18		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
Concentration of Credit Risk (continued)
 
The Company renders services to a limited number of airlines and airports through service contracts and provides credit without collateral. Some of these airlines and airports may have difficulties in meeting their financial obligations, which can have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. To mitigate this risk, the Company regularly reviews the creditworthiness of its customers through its credit evaluation process.
 
Revenue from two customers represented 52% of total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2022, of which customer A accounted for 34% and customer B accounted for 18% of total revenue. Accounts receivable from these two customers represented 31% of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2022.
 
Revenue from three customers represented 64% of total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2021, of which customer A accounted for 39%, customer B accounted for 14% of total revenue and customer C accounted for 11% of total revenue. Accounts receivable from these three customers represented 39% of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2021.
 
Revenue from two customers represented 70% of total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2020, of which customer A accounted for 48% and customer B accounted for 22% of total revenue. Accounts receivable from these two customers represented 47% of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2020.
 
Customers A and B mentioned above, have been principal customers in the last three years.
 
Risks and Uncertainties
 
The Company is currently engaged in direct operations in numerous countries and is therefore subject to risks associated with international operations (including economic and/or political instability, trade restrictions and strikes). Such risks can cause the Company to have significant difficulties in connection with the sale or provision of its services in international markets and have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
 
The Company is subject to changes in interest rates based on Central Banks Federal Reserve actions and general market conditions. The Company does not utilize derivative instruments to manage its exposure to interest rate risk.
 
Furthermore, as a result of its international operations, the Company is subject to market risks associated with foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. The Company does not utilize derivative instruments to manage its exposure to such market risk except in one of its subsidiaries. As such, significant foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations can have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
 
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
 
Accounting Standards Update 2022-01
 
In March 2022, the FASB issued an update for Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging-Portfolio Layer Method. The amendment expands the current single layer method to allow multiple hedged layers of a single closed portfolio under the method. The amendment is affective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The adoption of this standard does not have a material effect on the Company’s operating results or financial condition.
 
Accounting Standards Update 2021-08
 
In October 2021, the FASB issued an update for Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract liabilities from Contracts with customers. This ASU requires entities to apply Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers to recognize and measure contract asset and contract liabilities in a business combination. The amendment is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within that fiscal year. The adoption of this standard does not have a material effect on the Company’s operating results or financial condition.
 

 

F - 19		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 3 - BUSINESS COMBINATION
 
Acquisition in Sweden
 
In February 2021, the Company acquired 51% of the outstanding shares of Quality Detection Dogs Sweden AB (“QDD”). The purpose of the acquisition was to have a company with experience in training detection dogs in order to train dogs to detect explosive materials. Consideration of the acquisition was 1,250 SEK ($150 as of the purchase date), payment was done at closing.
 
The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase and accordingly a purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their fair value.
 
The following represents the allocation of the purchase price as of the purchase date in SEK and the translation to United States Dollars as of the purchase date:
 
   
 
SEK
    
U.S.
Dollars
  
Current assets
   
140
      
17
  
Goodwill
   
1,178
      
146
  
Total identifiable assets acquired
   
1,318
      
163
  
                 
Current liabilities
   
68
      
13
  
Total liabilities assumed
   
68
      
13
  
                 
     
1,250
      
150
  
 
Goodwill associated with the acquisition of QDD was 1,178 SEK ($139 as of December 31, 2021) and deductible for income tax purposes. The goodwill consists principally of the expectations of future earnings and profits from expanding this business. In December 2021, the Company evaluated the goodwill and concluded the goodwill should be fully impaired (see note 8). Following QDD’s losses, on January 1, 2023, the company sold its shares to the minority shareholder for a minimal amount and recognized in 2022 a loss of $218 regarding this expected sale.
 

NOTE 4 - PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets are as following:
 
   
December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
  
Receivable from the Dutch tax authorities (1)
 
$
-
    
$
9,091
  
Receivable from the German authorities – COVID-19 (2)
   
483
      
527
  
Dutch Governmental support – COVID-19 (3)
   
4,302
      
2,614
  
Value Added Tax (VAT) receivable
   
1,759
      
691
  
Prepaid uniforms
   
811
      
435
  
Prepaid insurance
   
536
      
380
  
Other
   
1,914
      
2,283
  
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
$
9,805
    
$
16,021
  
 
(1)
The Company is obligated to hold restricted cash in the Netherlands, which is restricted for payments to the tax authorities. From time to time the Company is allowed to make a request to release the money from the restricted account into the regular bank account. As part of the process the Company transfers the requested amount to the Dutch tax authorities, who pay it back after a few weeks into the Company’s regular bank account.
 
(2)
In Germany, the employees are eligible for payroll support. The Company pays to its German employees their full salary and the Company is being reimbursed by the German government for the payroll support amount.
 
(3)
In the Netherlands, the Company was eligible for support following the COVID-19 crisis.
 

 

F - 20		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)
 
NOTE 5 - INVESTMENTS

 

Artemis Therapeutics, Inc.

 

As of December 31, 2022, the Company owns less than 1% of the issued and outstanding share capital of Artemis Therapeutics, Inc. (“ATMS”). On March 6, 2022, ATMS entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Manuka Ltd. and the shareholders of Manuka Ltd., a company incorporated in Israel engaged in developing and manufacturing skincare products based on Manuka honey and bee venom. Following those agreements Manuka Ltd. became a wholly owned subsidiary of the ATMS. As the shareholders of Manuka Ltd. received the largest ownership interest in ATMS, Manuka Ltd. was determined to be the “accounting acquirer” in a reverse recapitalization.
 
The market value of the Company's investment in ATMS as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 is $146 and $120, respectively. The Company evaluated the stock price of ATMS but as ATMS share price is low, the number of shares that are being traded is low, and as ATMS still does not have any material revenue or profitable operations, the Company determined that the value of the investment is impaired and accordingly, valued the investment at zero.

 

Freezone I-SEC Korea Inc.

 

In April 2018, the Company signed a Joint Venture Agreement with a South Korean Company in order to establish a Joint Venture Company (“JVC”) and to provide aviation security and non-security services in South Korea. Each one of the parties holds 50% (fifty percent) of the JVC’s equity. The Company uses the equity method for this investment. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s investment is 33,789KRW ($27). For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized a loss in its consolidated statements of operations of 125,240 KRW, 10,491 KRW and 17,742 KRW, respectively ($97, $8 and $15 as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively) from its investment in the JVC. In January 1, 2023, the Company sold its part in the JVC to the South Korean Company for an amount of €25 ($27 as of December 31, 2022). At December 31, 2022 the Company wrote off $131 of the investment to match the balance to the sale price.

 

Mesh Technologies, Inc.

 

In January 2019, the Company invested an amount of $50 in Mesh Technologies, Inc. (“Mesh”), a company incorporated in the USA. As of December 31, 2021, the investment represented less than 1% of the issued and outstanding share capital of Mesh. Mesh is a technology company providing cross border payments technology by innovating on the existing payment rails of established card networks available in the market. As Mesh is a private, closely held company, there is no active market for this investment. Therefore, the Company measures the investment at cost minus impairment. In December 2021, the Company sold approximately 25% of its investment for a total amount of $200 and recognized a gain of $186.

 

Arrow Ecology & Engineering Overseas (1999)
 
In December 2019, the Company invested an amount of $1,750 in Arrow Ecology & Engineering Overseas (1999) Ltd (“Arrow”), a limited company incorporated in Israel. Arrow develops and operates a sustainable green process to recycle mixed and sorted municipal solid waste. The Company purchased few types of shares representing 22.6% of Arrow’s equity for an amount of $22 and shareholders loans were purchased for a price of $1,728 ($4,146 stated value less $2,418 allowance for credit losses, which have not changed since the acquisition). The Company uses the equity method for this investment. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized its share in Arrow losses in the amount of $0, $975 and $775, respectively, from this investment.

 

The Company suspended its use of the equity method to accounting for this investment in 2023 after its investment balance was reduced to zero.

 

The Company has an agreement with an entity related to its main shareholder, according to which, if the value of the investment decrease, the related party entity has guaranteed to repurchase this full investment at a minimum amount of $1,750. The guarantee is effective immediately as of the date of purchase and terminates on January 1, 2025. Some Directors, managers and shareholders of Arrow are related parties of the Company.
 

 

F - 21		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)
 
NOTE 5 - INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)
 
GreenFox Logistics LLC.
 
In March 2020, the Company invested an amount of $100 in GreenFox Logistics, LLC. (“GreenFox”), a company incorporated in the USA. The investment was done as SAFE investment (Simple Agreement for Future Equity). GreenFox is an on-demand delivery/moving/transportation company. As GreenFox is a private, closely held company, there is no active market for this investment. Therefore, the Company measures the investment at cost minus impairment.
 
SardineAI Corp.
 
In August 2020, the Company invested an amount of $50 in SardineAI Corp (“SardineAI”), a company incorporated in the USA. In return, the Company received preferred shares representing less than 1% of SardineAI equity. SardineAI is a Fraud Prevention-as-a-Service (FaaS) platform for Digital businesses to detect frauds and financial crimes. As SardineAI is a private, closely held company, there is no active market for this investment. Therefore, the Company measures the investment at cost minus impairment. In January 2023, the Company sold approximately 85% of its investment for a total amount of $756.
 
Silver Circle One
 
In December 2021, March 2022 and December 2022, the Company invested a total amount of $38 in Silver Circle One, a capital fund which aims to invest in private emerging companies with focus on consumer, commerce and technology companies. The company committed to invest up to $100 on the pool. As Silver Circle One is a private, closely held fund, there is no active market for this investment. Therefore, the company measures the investment at cost minus impairment.
 
Justt Fintech Ltd (previously Acrocharge Ltd)
 
In December 2021, the Company invested an amount of $50 in Justt Fintech Ltd (“Justt”), a company incorporated in Israel. As of December 31, 2022, the investment represented less than 1% of the issued and outstanding share capital of Justt Fintech Ltd. Justt is a technology company which fully automated chargeback disputes on behalf of online merchants. As Justt is a private, closely held company, there is not active market for this investment. Therefore, the Company measures the investment at cost minus impairment.
 
Nilus OS Ltd
 
In March 2022, the Company invested an amount of $25 in Nilus OS Ltd. (“Nilus”), a company incorporated in Israel. As of December 31, 2022, the investment represented less than 1% of the issued and outstanding share capital of Nilus. Nilus is a company that automates payment and financial workflows for platforms that involve transfers of money. As Nilus is a private, closely held company, there is no active market for this investment. Therefore, the Company measures the investment at cost minus impairment.

 

NOTE 6 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
 
Property and equipment is as follows:
 
   
December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
  
Office, equipment and facilities
 
$
8,885
    
$
9,222
  
Internal-use software
   
2,845
      
1,490
  
Vehicles
   
1,990
      
1,617
  
Leasehold improvements
   
2,871
      
2,893
  
     
16,591
      
15,222
  
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
   
10,315
      
9,512
  
Total property and equipment, net
 
$
6,276
    
$
5,710
  
 
Depreciation and amortization expenses are $2,454, $2,061 and $2,090 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 respectively.
 

 

F - 22		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 7 - LEASES
 
Lessee Arrangements
 
The Company enters into leases in the normal course of business primarily as part of its operations in the different airports, back office operations, research and development offices and headquarters offices.
 
The table below presents the effects on the amounts relating to the Company’s total lease cost:
 
   
Year ended December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
Operating lease cost
 
$
4,617
    
$
4,422
    
$
3,914
  
Short-term lease cost
   
1, 614
      
1,542
      
1,580
  
Total lease cost
 
$
6,231
    
$
5,964
    
$
5,494
  
 
Other information:
 
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of Lease liabilities:
 
 
    Year ended December 31,  
   
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
Operating cash flows from operating leases
 
$
4,625
    
$
4,465
    
$
3,962
  
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
    
3,885
      
3,164
      
4,941
  
Weighted-average remaining lease term-operating leases
 
3.3 years
    
4.0 years
    
4.5 years
  
Weighted-average remaining lease term-operating leases
   
5.34
%
    
5.12
%
    
4.8
%
 
Balance sheet information related to operating leases was as follows:
 
   
December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
  
Operating lease ROU assets
 
$
10,201
    
$
10,938
  
                 

Operating lease liabilities - current

  
$
3,969
    
$
3,317
  
Operating lease liabilities - non current
   
6,375
      
8,298
  
Total operating lease liabilities
 
$
10,344
    
$
11,615
  
 
Future undiscounted lease payments for operation leases with initial terms of more than one year as of December 31, 2022 are as follows:
 
Year ending December 31,
      
2023
   
4,361
  
2024
   
3,398
  
2025
   
1,570
  
2026
   
1,050
  
2027
   
720
  
Thereafter
   
251
  
Total future minimum lease payments
   
11,350
  
Less: imputed interest
   
1,006
  
Total
 
$
10,344
  
 

 

F - 23		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 8 - GOODWILL
 
All the Company’s goodwill relates to its airport security segment. The change in goodwill during the year is as follows:
 
   
2022
    
2021
  
Balance as of the beginning of the year
 
$
690
    
$
746
  
Goodwill acquired during the year
   
-
      
146
  
Impairment losses
   
-
      
(139
)
Exchange rate effect
   
(44
)
    
(63
)
Balance as of the end of the year
 
$
646
    
$
690
  
 
At December 31, 2022, the Company performed qualitative assessments to determine if it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting units exceeded its carrying values, including goodwill. The qualitative assessments indicated that it was more likely than not that the fair value exceeded the carrying value of the reporting unit.
 
At December 31, 2021, the qualitative assessment indicated that it was more likely than not that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeded fair value. The quantitative impairment test includes comparing the carrying value of the reporting unit, including the existing goodwill and intangible assets, to the fair value of the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, a goodwill impairment charge is recorded for the amounts in which the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, up to the amount of goodwill attributed to the reporting unit. After performing the quantitative testing, it was determined that the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, resulting in an impairment charge of $139 for the year ended December 31, 2021.
 
The facts and circumstances that led to the impairment of goodwill during the year ended December 31, 2021 are as follows:
 
In February 2021, the Company acquired 51% of the outstanding shares of Quality Detection Dogs Sweden AB (see note 3) and recorded goodwill of €122 ($146 as of the purchase date). The purpose of the acquisition was to have a company with experience on detection dogs in order to train dogs to detect explosive materials. QDD’s revenue, operating profits and cash flows were lower than expected. The earnings forecast for the next year was revised and an impairment loss of €122 ($139 as of December 31, 2021) was recognized.
 
During the years ended on December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized impairment charges of $0, $139 and $0, respectively.
 

 

F - 24		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 9 - NOTES PAYABLE – BANKS
 
United States of America
 
The Company’s U.S. subsidiary was a party to a credit facility with a commercial lender, which provided a maximum borrowing capacity up to $10,000, subject to a borrowing base limitation. The credit facility expired on October 2021.
 
Borrowings made under the credit facility bore interest, which was payable monthly, at LIBOR plus 3% per annum.
 
The Company’s weighted average interest rate in the United States of America during the year ended December 31, 2020 was 4.42%.
 
Europe

 

The Company had a credit arrangement with a commercial bank, to provide it with up to €12,000 in borrowings which was renewed in May 2020 through March 2021. Borrowings under the line of credit bore interest at one-month EURIBOR plus 4.8% with a minimum of 4.8% per annum. The Company was also subject to unused line fee of 0.75% per annum, which was payable quarterly. The line of credit expired in March 2021.
 
In addition to the line of credit arrangement, a guarantee facility of €2,500 ($2,841 as of December 31, 2021) was provided to the Company by the same commercial bank, which was renewed until March 2022, with an interest of 2.5% per annum and an unused line fee of 0.75% per annum which was payable quarterly. The guarantee facility expired in March 2022. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had €1,022 ($1,161 as of December 31, 2021) of outstanding guarantees under the guarantee facility, which related to leases and performance guarantees for contracts.
 
The Company’s weighted average interest rate in Europe during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, was 4.8% and 4.4% respectively.
 
The Company has an additional credit arrangement in Sweden to provide it with up to 4,000 SEK ($385 as of December 31, 2022) in borrowings. Borrowings under the line of credit bear annual interest of 2.8% and subject to annual extension by the financial institution. The line of credit is secured by accounts receivable of the Swedish subsidiary. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had 1,196 SEK and 1,800 SEK ($115 and $199 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021) respectively in outstanding borrowings under the line of credit facility.

 

NOTE 10 - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities are as follows:
 
   
December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
  
Accrued payroll and related costs
 
$
26,774
    
$
26,511
  
Accrued vacation
   
8,080
      
7,152
  
Labor union contribution
   
333
      
925
  
Deferred revenue
   
3,570
      
2,239
  
Other
   
2,950
      
3,007
  
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities
 
$
41,707
    
$
39,834
  

 

NOTE 11 - DEBT TO A RELATED PARTY

 

Convertible Notes Payable to a Related Party

 

The Company has an agreement with an entity related to its main shareholder, to provide it with up to $3,000 in revolving loans through January 2022. The term of the arrangement can be automatically extended for four additional six-month periods at the option of the holder. Loans received under the arrangement bear interest, which is compounded semi-annually and payable at maturity, at the interest rate of LIBOR plus 7% for U.S. dollar-denominated loans and the Company’s European commercial bank interest base rate plus 3% for Euro-denominated loans. In connection with the arrangement, the holder was granted an option to convert the outstanding notes payable under the arrangement into the Company's common stock at a price of $1.50 per share and the unpaid accrued interest at a price of $0.75 per share.
 

 

F - 25		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)
 
NOTE 11 - DEBT TO A RELATED PARTY (CONTINUED)
 
Convertible Notes Payable to a Related Party (continued)
 
In December 2021, the loan was extended until January 2024, with the ability to draw up to $2,000 and the interest rate was adjusted to 2.5% per annum.
 
The Company’s weighted average interest during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is 2.5%, 7.10% and 7.60%, respectively.

 

Total interest expense related to the note is $28, $83 and $171 for the years ended December 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

 

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, convertible notes payable to this related party consist of $1,104 and $1,192, respectively.
 
NOTE 12 - OTHER LIABILITIES
 
Other liabilities are as follows:
 
   
December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
  
Deferred wage tax and social security (1)
 
$
15,824
    
$
22,534
  
Deferred VAT (1)
   
10,882
      
14,703
  
Severance pay liability
   
1,893
      
1,631
  
Deferred revenue
   
336
      
1,030
  
Other (2)
   
279
      
969
  
Total other liabilities
 
$
29,214
    
$
40,867
  
 
  (1)
Deferred VAT and deferred wage tax relates to measurements taken by the Dutch government, on which they postponed all VAT payable for the years 2021 and 2020 and all wage tax and social security payable for the months March – December 2021 to be paid in 60 instalments starting October 2022.
 
  (2)
Including a 50 million Yen loan with a financial institution as a financial support in connection of COVID-19. The loan was provided in July 2020 for a period of five years with a variable interest of 0.21% - 1.10%. The long term balances as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are $134 and $280, respectively.

 

NOTE 13 - REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS
 
On July 3, 2019, AU10TIX entered into a Series A Preferred Subscription Agreement (the "Agreement") with TPG Lux 2018 SC I, S.a.r.l ("TPG"), according to which AU10TIX issued 3,000,000 Series A Preferred Shares ("Series A Shares") to TPG for a subscription price of US$60,000 in cash representing approximately 24% of the outstanding share capital of AU10TIX and 23.077% of the fully-diluted share capital of AU10TIX (see note 15). Transaction costs totaled $4,540 and were deducted from the redeemable non-controlling interests balance.
 
On November 7, 2019, AU10TIX entered into a Series A and Series A-1 Preferred Subscription Agreement with Oak HC/FT Partners II, L.P. ("Oak"), according to which AU10TIX issued 1,000,000 Series A Preferred Shares and 23,622 Series A-1 Preferred Shares ("Series A-1 Shares" and together with Series A Shares – "the Preferred Shares") to Oak for a subscription price of US$20,000 in cash representing approximately 7.401% of the outstanding share capital of AU10TIX and 7.143% of the fully-diluted share capital of AU10TIX. For accounting purposes, the investment was allocated to the Series A and Series A-1 Preferred Shares on a relative fair value basis: $19,537 and $461, respectively. Transaction costs totaled $1,513 and were deducted from the respective investment amounts.
 
Following the Oak investment, on November 7, 2019, TPG subscribed for 307,087 Series A-1 Shares at nominal value (US$0.001 per share) (“Bonus Issue Series A-1 Shares”) in order to preserve its 23.077% ownership interest in the fully diluted share capital of AU10TIX.
 

 

F - 26		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)
 
NOTE 13 - REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS (CONTINUED)
 
The Preferred Shares Rights
 
Liquidation Preference: The holders of Series A Shares (“Series A Holders”) are entitled to a liquidation preference upon the occurrence of a sale, initial public offering (“IPO”), merger, consolidation, reorganization, winding-up, dissolution or liquidation of AU10TIX, pursuant to which the Series A Holders are entitled, on the occurrence of such event and in priority to the ordinary shares, to receive the greater of: (a) an amount equal to the initial subscription price for the Series A Shares, plus all accrued but unpaid dividends in respect of the Series A Shares, less all dividends previously paid on the Series A Shares, and (b) the proceeds distributable in respect of the Series A Shares had they been converted into ordinary shares. The initial subscription price for the Series A Shares (and calculations derived therefrom) are subject to customary adjustments as set forth in the agreements executed in connection with the Sale.
 
Conversion Rights: The Series A Shares are subject to conversion into ordinary shares of AU10TIX: (a) on the written request by any Series A Shareholder; and (b) immediately prior to a qualifying IPO of AU10TIX (being an IPO where the net aggregate gross proceeds to AU10TIX exceed US$75 million and where the subscription price per share paid by the public is not less than 150% of the initial subscription price paid for the Series A Shares). Pursuant to these conversion arrangements, the Series A Shares will convert into ordinary shares on a 1:1 basis (subject to certain agreed upon adjustments).
 
Anti-Dilution Protection: The Shareholders Agreements contain customary broad-based weighted average anti-dilution protection whereby, if further shares are issued by AU10TIX at a price per new security that is less than the initial subscription price paid for the Series A Shares, then the Series A Holders shall be entitled to receive additional Series A Shares (at no further cost) on a weighted-average basis, reflecting the value of equity in AU10TIX as determined based on the subscription price paid in the new issue of securities.
 
Pre-emption Rights: The Shareholders Agreements contain a restriction on issuing any securities ranking senior to or on party with the Series A Shares for as long as TPG and/or any subsequent investor holds at least one third of the overall number of Series A Shares in issue as at the date of completion of the Sale. In addition, each shareholder holding in excess of 3% of the shares of AU10TIX has the right to participate in any new issuance of securities by the AU10TIX, subject to customary exceptions.
 
Exit Rights: At any time from and after the fifth (5th) anniversary of completion of the issuance, upon written request by TPG, AU10TIX is required to use reasonable endeavors to facilitate the sale by TPG of the Preferred Shares (or, following conversion, ordinary shares) to a third party at a price in excess of 150% of the initial subscription price paid for the Series A Shares and subject to a right of first refusal in favor of AU10TIX. In the event that, three (3) months thereafter, a sale of the Preferred Shares held by TPG has not been consummated, upon written request by TPG, AU10TIX is required to facilitate a sale of AU10TIX within six (6) months after such written request, and thereafter, TPG has the right to require AU10TIX to facilitate a sale or IPO of AU10TIX. On the exercise of such rights, each other shareholder (including AU10TIX) is required to cooperate with TPG regarding such sale or IPO and TPG has the right to exercise drag rights over the shares held by other shareholders in order to facilitate such exit event.
 
The Exit Right is part of the issuance of the Series A Shares, and was not entered into separately from the transaction that created the non-controlling interests. The Exit Right is not legally detachable from the non-controlling interests because it is non-transferrable (i.e., the instrument cannot be transferred without the underlying preferred shares). Thus, the Exit Right would not be separately exercisable from the non-controlling interests shares because the non-controlling interests shares will be settled when the Exit Right is exercised. As a result, the Exit Right would be considered embedded in the Series A Shares held by TPG.
 
Shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock are not mandatorily or currently redeemable. However, the Exit Right would constitute a contingent redemption event that is outside of AU10TIX’s control. As such, Series A Shares have been presented outside of permanent equity as redeemable non-controlling interests. AU10TIX has adjusted the carrying value of the redeemable non-controlling interests to adjust for the non-controlling interests share in AU10TIX's profits and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). AU10TIX has not adjusted the carrying values of the redeemable non-controlling interests to the deemed liquidation values of such shares since a liquidation event was not probable at any of the balance sheet dates. Subsequent adjustments to increase or decrease the carrying values to the ultimate liquidation values will be made only if and when it becomes probable that such a liquidation event will occur.
 
The Series A-1 Preferred Shares do not entitle their holders to any liquidation or exit rights as the Series A Preferred Shares, and therefore are classified within permanent equity, as non-controlling interests.
 
The anti-dilution provisions cited above have not been bifurcated from the host contract since they are to be settled into AU10TIX's non-traded shares, thus the "net settlement" criteria is not met.
 

 

F - 27		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 13 - REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS (CONTINUED)
 
The Preferred Shares Rights (Continued)
 
On June 28, 2021, TPG, Oak, GF GW LLC (“GF”) and AU10TIX, entered into a Sale and Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”), pursuant to which Oak and GF purchased preferred shares in AU10TIX from TPG. In connection with the SPA, (i) such parties and ICTS entered into an amended and restated shareholders agreement (the “SHA”) and an amended and restated registration rights agreement (the “RRA”) and (ii) AU10TIX’s Articles of Association (the “Articles”) were amended by a deed of amendment (the “Deed of Amendment”).
 
Pursuant to the SPA, Oak purchased 755,906 AU10TIX Series A Preferred shares from TPG and GF purchased 1,511,811 AU10TIX Series A Preferred Shares from TPG. In connection with such purchases, all outstanding AU10TIX’s Series A Preferred Shares and Series A-1 Preferred Shares were re-designated as New Series A Preferred Shares and the Ordinary Shares owned by ICTS were re-designated as Class B Ordinary Shares, as described below.
 
In consideration of the benefits to Oak increasing its shareholding and GF becoming a shareholder, AU10TIX provided certain customary warranties to Oak and GF concerning AU10TIX and its business. In addition, AU10TIX agreed to be primarily liable to Oak and GF for any breaches by TPG of its customary fundamental warranties given to Oak and GF (including that TPG owns AU10TIX Series A Preferred Shares being sold to Oak and GF); provided, that, TPG has agreed to indemnify and hold AU10TIX harmless for any losses incurred by AU10TIX in relation to such fundamental warranties given by TPG.
 
Following the completion of the sales and purchases contemplated by the SPA on June 28, 2021: (i) ICTS owns 68.69% of the outstanding share capital of AU10TIX in the form of Class B Ordinary Shares; (ii) Oak owns 12.87% of the outstanding share capital of AU10TIX in the form of New Series A Preferred Shares; (iii) GF owned 10.93% of the outstanding share capital of AU10TIX in the form of New Series A Preferred Shares; and (iv) TPG owns 7.51% of the outstanding share capital of AU10TIX in the form of New Series A Preferred Shares. In addition, AU10TIX may issue up to 500,000 Class A Ordinary Shares under its existing employee stock option plan.
 
The SHA and the Articles (as amended by the Deed of Amendment) provide for the following material matters in respect of the rights attaching to the New Series A Preferred Shares and the Ordinary Shares and the ongoing governance of AU10TIX:
 
General: The New Series A Preferred Shares are entitled to one vote per share and rank equally with the Ordinary Shares in regards to dividends. The Ordinary Shares are divided into two classes: Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares, which rank equally as to dividends. The Class A Ordinary Shares are entitled to one vote per share. The Class B Ordinary Shares are entitled to three votes per share and may only be held by ICTS and its permitted transferees.
 
Liquidation Preference: the holders of New Series A Preferred Shares (“Series A Holders”) are entitled to a liquidation preference upon the occurrence of a (i) sale, initial public offering, which term includes certain business combinations with a SPAC (an “IPO”), merger, consolidation or reorganization, which results in change of control of AU10TIX, and (ii) winding-up, dissolution or liquidation of AU10TIX, pursuant to which the Series A Holders are entitled, on the occurrence of such event and in priority to the Ordinary Shares, to receive the greater of: (a) US$26.4583 per share, subject to adjustments for certain events affecting the capital of AU10TIX (the “Starting Price”) plus all accrued but unpaid dividends in respect of the New Series A Preferred Shares, less all dividends previously paid on the New Series A Preferred Shares, and (b) the proceeds distributable in respect of the New Series A Preferred Shares had they been converted into Class A Ordinary Shares. The Ordinary Shares rank equally in liquidation.
 
Conversion Rights: The New Series A Preferred Shares are subject to conversion into Class A Ordinary Shares on a 1:1 basis (subject to adjustments for certain events affecting the capital of AU10TIX): (a) upon the written request by any Series A Holder; and (b) immediately prior to a qualifying IPO of AU10TIX (being an IPO where each Class A Ordinary Share is valued at not less than 150% of the Starting Price at the completion of the IPO, subject to adjustments for certain events affecting the capital of AU10TIX) (a "Qualifying IPO"). The Class B Ordinary Shares are convertible into Class A Ordinary Shares at any time upon the written request of a holder of Class B Ordinary Shares on a 1:1 basis, subject to adjustments for certain events affecting the capital of AU10TIX.
 
Anti-Dilution Protection: The SHA contains customary broad-based weighted average anti-dilution protection whereby, if further shares are issued by AU10TIX at a price per new security that is less than the Starting Price, then the Series A Holders shall be entitled to receive additional Class A Ordinary Shares (at no further cost) on a weighted-average basis, reflecting the value of the equity in AU10TIX, as determined based on the subscription price paid in the new issue of securities.
 

 

F - 28		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 13 - REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS (CONTINUED)
 
The Preferred Shares Rights (Continued)
 
Transfers: Subject to certain customary exceptions, including a transfer to a permitted transferee, any shareholder (other than TPG, Oak and GF) wishing to transfer any of the shares held by it shall first offer such shares to each shareholder holding 3% or more of AU10TIX’s outstanding share capital at the same price and on the same terms at which the selling shareholder wishes to transfer such shares.
 
New Issuances: Subject to certain customary exceptions, each shareholder holding 3% or more of AU10TIX’s outstanding share capital has the right to participate in any new issuance of securities by AU10TIX.
 
Information Rights: Subject to certain exceptions, each shareholder holding 3% or more of AU10TIX’s outstanding share capital is entitled to receive certain financial information regarding AU10TIX including budgets, annual and quarterly accounts and details of any third party offer for the stock or assets of AU10TIX, as well as certain inspection rights.
 
Exit Rights: At any time from and after July 3, 2026, upon written request by Series A Holders holding at least 60% of the then outstanding New Series A Preferred Shares (the “Preferred Majority”), AU10TIX is required to use reasonable endeavors to facilitate a sale of AU10TIX within six months after such written request, and, thereafter, the Preferred Majority has the right to step-in and require AU10TIX to facilitate a sale or IPO. On the exercise of such step-in right, each other shareholder (including ICTS) is required to cooperate with the Preferred Majority regarding such sale or IPO and the Preferred Majority has the right to exercise drag rights over the shares held by other shareholders in order to facilitate such exit event.
 
Board Arrangements: The Shareholders Agreement and Articles provide that the board of directors of AU10TIX shall be constituted by up to six directors: (i) four of whom will be appointed by the holder of a majority of the Class B Ordinary Shares (i.e., currently ICTS); (ii) one of whom will be appointed by Oak (for so long as Oak holds at least 50% of the New Series A Preferred Shares held on the date of the closing of the transactions contemplated by the SPA, subject to adjustments for certain events affecting the capital of AU10TIX); and (iii) one of whom will be appointed by GF (for so long as GF holds at least 50% of the New Series A Preferred Shares held on the date of the closing of the transactions contemplated by the SPA, subject to adjustments for certain events affecting the capital of AU10TIX). As a general matter, the board of AU10TIX is able to pass resolutions by a simple majority, subject to the consent rights of the Preferred Majority set out below.
 
Preferred Majority Consent Rights: For as long as the Series A Holders hold, in the aggregate, at least 25% of the New Series A Shares Preferred Shares held on the date of the closing of the transactions contemplated by the SPA, subject to adjustments for certain events affecting the capital of AU10TIX, the consent of the Preferred Majority is required for the following actions (i) amending the SHA or the Articles in a manner that would adversely affect the rights, preferences or privileges of the New Series A Preferred Shares; (ii) issuing new securities ranking senior to or pari passu with the New Series A Preferred Shares; (iii) making of any dividend or distribution other than a dividend or distribution that is pro rata to the Series A Holders and the holders of the Ordinary Shares; (iv) redeeming any Ordinary Shares; (v) incurring debt in excess of 4.0x AU10TIX’s consolidated EBITDA in the 12-month period ending on the last day of the month preceding the month in which the debt was incurred; (vi) consummating an IPO other than a Qualifying IPO; (vii) making certain changes to the size of AU10TIX’s board; (viii) making any fundamental change in the nature of the business of AU10TIX and its subsidiaries; (ix) entering into related party transactions, unless such transaction is commercially reasonable and on an arm’s-length basis; and (x) either amending AU10TIX’s existing stock option plan or creating a new stock option plan to allow for the issuance of more than 500,000 additional Class A Common Shares.
 
Tag Rights: Following completion of the procedures on transfers set out above, each Series A Holder holding 3% or more of AU10TIX’s outstanding shares will have the right to participate proportionately in any third-party share sale by another shareholder other than a Series A Holder (subject to certain customary exceptions).
 
Drag Rights: AU10TIX has the right to drag other shareholders into an exit event subject to certain requirements being satisfied (including either (i) holders of New Series A Shares receiving the greater of: (a) the Starting Price and (b) the proceeds distributable in respect of the New Series A Preferred Shares had they been converted into Class A Ordinary Shares, in each case with the approval of the Board, the Preferred Majority and the holders of a majority of the shares or (ii) a minimum value per New Series A Share of 150% of the Starting Price approved by the Board and holders of a majority of the shares, in each case subject to adjustments for certain events affecting the capital of AU10TIX) in relation to such exit transaction.
 

 

F - 29		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 13 - REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS (CONTINUED)
 
The Preferred Shares Rights (Continued)
 
Termination: The SHA terminates upon (i) the agreement of AU10TIX, the Preferred Majority and a majority of the holders of the Ordinary Shares or (ii) the closing of a Qualifying IPO.
 
Tax Matters: AU10TIX is required to provide the Series A Holders with certain customary information for U.S. federal tax reporting purposes.
 
Confidentiality and Public Announcements: The SHA provides for customary confidentiality protections and limitations on public announcements without consent.
 
The RRA provides the Series A Holders (and in certain cases the holders of the Class B Ordinary Shares) with a limited number of customary long-form and short-form demand registration rights, shelf registration rights and the right to participate under certain conditions if AU10TIX determines to register its shares. In addition, AU10TIX has undertaken to (i) take certain actions to facilitate the rights of the parties under the RRA; (ii) provide customary indemnification; (iii) not agree to further registration rights superior to those granted under the RRA; and (iv) limit issuances of its shares under certain circumstances set out in the RRA.
 
Pre-emption Rights: The Shareholders Agreement contains a restriction on issuing any securities senior to or pari passu with the New Series A Preferred Shares for so long as the holders of the New Series A Preferred Shares on June 28, 2021 (or their transferees in accordance with the terms of the Shareholders Agreement) continue to collectively hold at least 25% of such number (appropriately adjusted for certain corporate events) of New Series A Preferred Shares. In addition, each shareholder holding in excess of 3% of AU10TIX’s outstanding shares has the right to participate in any new issuance of securities by AU10TIX, subject to customary exceptions.
 
The Company has assessed whether the change in the terms of the Preferred Shares following the closing of the 2021 SPA constituted a modification or extinguishment for accounting purposes, by comparing the fair value of these Preferred Shares immediately before and immediately after the closing of the 2021 SPA. An extinguishment occurs when the difference in fair value exceeds 10%, while a modification occurs when such fair value difference is lower than 10%.
 
Additionally, the carrying value of the Series A-1 Shares, which were previously presented among non-controlling interests, were reclassified to redeemable non-controlling interests and initially recognized at their fair value, following their re-designation as New Series A Preferred Shares.
 
Following the modification and extinguishment of the Preferred Shares and the reclassification of the Series A-1 Shares in 2021, the Company adjusted the carrying value of the redeemable non-controlling interests by $9,057, with a corresponding decrease to additional paid-in capital and non-controlling interests in the amounts of $10,102 and $1,045, respectively.
 
The following table sets forth for the movement in the redeemable non-controlling interests:
   
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
  
Balance as of the beginning of the year
 
$
90,478
    
$
75,322
  
Net Income (loss)
   
(379
)
    
6,200
  
Other Comprehensive Income - Translation adjustment
   
(15
)
    
(211
)
Conversion of AU10TIX shares A-1 into new series A
   
-
      
9,057
  
Other
   
(110
)
    
110
  
Balance as of the end of the year
 
$
89,974
    
$
90,478
  
 

 

F - 30		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 14 - GOVERNMENTAL SUPPORT
 
During 2022, 2021 and 2020, governments in some of the countries in which we operate have announced the implementation of government assistance measures, which mitigated the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our results and liquidity. In the United States of America, the government has approved a payroll support of $0, $15,918 and $13,680, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 to the American subsidiary of the Company. Out of those amounts, the American subsidiary recognized amounts of $0, $16,925 and $12,672 as reduction of labor expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Dutch government has provided financial assistance of €3,671, €18,135 and €17,619 ($3,864, $22,608 and $21,645 as of December 31, 2022 2021 and 2020), respectively for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. The Dutch government terminated the support program in March, 2022. In Germany, the employees are eligible for payroll support up to 60% of the employee’s payroll (on individual basis) in case the employees meet the support plan requirements. The Company pays to its German employees their full salary and the Company is being reimbursed by the German government for the payroll support amount. The Company applied for this support starting from April 2020 to June 2021. These available governmental support plans might be extended and/or changed according to the future COVID-19 developments, although currently the Company does not expect those measures to be renewed or extended.
 
In the Netherlands wage tax, social security and VAT payments for the period March 2020 until September 2021 were postponed and will have to be paid in 60 monthly installments, starting October 2022. The debt incurs annual interest starting July 2022 of 1% and increases every six months to a maximum of 4% starting on January 1, 2024 onwards. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company accumulated debt of €31,796 and €33,456 ($33,826 and $38,011 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021), respectively to the Dutch tax authorities.

 

NOTE 15 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 
AU10TIX’s Limited, AU10TIX’s subsidiary, has a Stock Option Plan which has reserved 500,000 shares of its common stock for its future issuance. As of December 31, 2021, the subsidiary has 13,000,000 authorized shares of which 12,500,000 shares are issued and outstanding. Under the stock option plan, stock options may be granted to employees, officers, directors, consultants and service providers of the subsidiary at an exercise price as determined by the subsidiary’s board of directors with expiration terms of not more than ten years after the date such option is granted. Options granted under the plan generally vest over a period of four years.
 
The following is a summary of the AU10TIX Limited stock options issued and outstanding:
 
   
Number of options
    
Weighted average exercise price
    
Weighted average remaining contractual term
  
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2021
   
199,875
    
$
0.01
    
5.5 years
  
Options granted
   
-
      
-
        
Options exercised
   
-
      
-
        
Options transferred to AU10TIX Technologies B.V.
   
199,875
      
0.01
        
Options outstanding, end of the year
   
-
    
$
-
    
-
  
                         
Options exercisable, as of December 31, 2022
   
-
                  
 
There are no non-vested options in AU10TIX Limited.
 
In August 2020, AU10TIX’s board agreed to transfer the option plan from AU10TIX Limited to AU10TIX Technologies B.V. with the same terms and conditions. On June 24, 2022, the board of AU10TIX Technologies B.V. has adopted the “AU10TIX Technologies B.V. 2022 Stock Option Plan” (the “Plan”). The Plan grants rights to subscribe for up to 500,000 class A ordinary shares (“Ordinary Share”) in the capital of AU10TIX Technologies B.V. to employees, directors, consultants and service providers of AU10TIX Technologies B.V. and / or any related entity (as defined in the plan). By resolution of the board of AU10TIX Technologies B.V., on February 12, 2023, the board resolved to increase the number of options that can be exercised under the option plan from 500,000 to 1,000,000 ordinary shares.
 

 

F - 31		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)
 
NOTE 15 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
 
The following is a summary of the AU10TIX Technologies B.V. stock options issued and outstanding:
 
   
Number of options
    
Weighted average exercise price
    
Weighted average remaining contractual term
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2021
   
30,000
    
$
26.46
      
Options granted
   
193,000
      
0.59
      
Options exercised
    -      
-
      
Options transferred from AU10TIX Limited
   
199,875
      
0.01
      
Forfeited
   
(54,000
 )    
15.25
      
Options outstanding, end of the year
   
368,875
    
$
0.23
    
5 years
                     
Options exercisable, as of December 31, 2022
   
282,625
              
 
As of December 31,2022 the non-vested options are 86,250.
 
During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, there was $513, $350 and $0 compensation expenses.
 
As of December 31, 2022, the Company has $374 of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options.
 
NOTE 16 - OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES), NET
 
Other income (expenses) is summarized as follows:
 
   
Year ended December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
Interest expense to related parties (see Note 11)
 
$
(28
)
  
$
(83
)
  
$
(171
 )
Interest expense and other bank charges
    
(350
)
    
(801
)
    
(901
 )
Interest income
    
121
      
24
      
178
  
Foreign currency gain (loss)
    
723
      
60
      
(254
 )
Gain from sale of Mesh shares (see Note 5)
    
-
      
186
       -  
Loss from investment in I-SEC Korea (see Note 5)
   
(131
)
    
-
       -  
Loss from QDD (see Note 3)
    
(218
)
    
-
       -  
Other income (expense)
   
(4
)
    
77
      
(140
 )
Total other income (expense), net
  
$
113
    
$
(537
)
  
$
(1,288
 )
 

 

F - 32		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 17 - INCOME TAXES

 

The components of income (loss) before income tax benefit (expense) are as follows:
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
The Netherlands
  
$
(11,419
)
  
$
(3,070
)
  
$
469
  
Germany
    
4,317
      
11,658
      
(4,141
)
United States of America
    
(3,621
)
    
14,968
      
8,817
  
Spain
    
552
      
(2,052
)
    
(1,406
)
Israel
    
7,298
      
29,964
      
2,178
  
Other locations
    
(715
)
    
(960
)
    
75
  
Income (loss) before income tax expenses
  
$
(3,588
)
  
$
50,508
    
$
5,992
  
 
The current income tax expense from subsidiaries outside of the Netherlands is $1,984, $8,937 and $1,345, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. There was no current income tax expense or benefit for the Netherlands for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.
 
The deferred income tax benefit from subsidiaries outside of the Netherlands is $135, $331 and $676, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. There was no deferred income tax expense for the Netherlands for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.
 
Additionally, tax benefits (expenses) from subsidiaries outside the Netherlands include $203, $(614) and $79, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, of tax related to previous years. There were no tax expenses related to previous years in the Netherlands for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.
 
The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
 
   
December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
  
Deferred tax assets:
            
Operating loss carryforwards
 
$
10,895
    
$
10,547
  
Interest loss carry forward
   
1,543
      
-
  
Capital loss carryforwards
   
114
      
165
  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
   
193
      
150
  
Tax credit carryforwards
   
560
      
560
  
Accrued expenses and other
   
585
      
536
  
Research and development expenses, net
   
1,340
      
1,183
  
Total deferred tax assets
   
15,230
      
13,141
  
                 
Deferred tax liabilities:
                
Depreciation of property and equipment
   
(210
)
    
(108
)
     
15,020
      
13,033
  
Valuation allowance
   
(13,502
)
    
(11,630
)
Deferred tax assets, net
 
$
1,518
    
$
1,403
  
 
The ultimate realization of the net deferred tax assets in each jurisdiction the Company does business in is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in that jurisdiction during the periods in which net operating loss carry forwards are available and items that gave rise to the net deferred tax assets become deductible. At present, the Company does not have a sufficient history of generating taxable income in the various jurisdictions it does business in, or positive expected core earnings to conclude that it is more likely than not that the Company will be able to realize its net deferred tax assets in the near future and, therefore, a valuation allowance was established for the carrying value of the net deferred tax assets, with the exception of few locations, which are currently generating taxable income. A valuation allowance will be maintained until sufficient positive evidence exists to support the reversal of any portion of the valuation allowance in other jurisdictions.
 

 

F - 33		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)
 
NOTE 17 - INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
 
As of December 31, 2022, the Company has net operating losses carry forwards of $24,116 and carry forward interest of $5,982 in the Netherlands. These losses and interest can be carried forward and do not expire but starting 2022 the yearly utilization is limited to one million Euro per year, plus 50% of the excess taxable income. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has net operating loss carry forwards of $10,399 in the United States of America, which will expire in 2031 through 2037 except $3,059 which do not expire but can offset up to 80% of taxable income every year. In Israel, the Company has net carry forward losses of $1,910 which do not expire. The ultimate utilization of such net operating loss carry forwards is limited in certain situations.
 
As of December 31, 2022, the Company has capital loss carry forwards of $495 in Israel. Such capital loss carry forwards do not expire and can be offset against future capital gains generated in Israel.
 
As of December 31, 2022, the Company has $560 in tax credits for the welfare to work and work opportunity programs in the United States of America that expire in 2024 through 2029.
 
During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 the valuation allowance increased (decreased) by $1,872 and $(5,815), respectively.
 
The Company’s effective income tax rate differs from the Netherlands’ statutory rate of 25.8%, 25.0% and 25.0% for the years 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively,  as follows:
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
Effective loss (income) tax benefit at statutory rate
  
$
926
    
$
(12,627
)
  
$
(1,498
)
Rate differential
    
(136
)
    
2, 915
      
610
  
Non-deductible expenses
    
(342
)
    
(1,643
)
    
(857
)
Adjustments to prior year tax losses
    
-
      
(2,599
)
    
(3,604
)
Changes in valuation allowance
    
(1,872
)
    
5,815
      
3,601
  
Other
    
(222
)
    
(1,081
)
    
1,158
  
Income tax expense
  
$
(1,646
)
  
$
(9,220
)
  
$
(590
)
 
Uncertain tax positions
 
The Company is subject to income taxes in the Netherlands, and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Company’s tax positions and determine its provision for income taxes. During the ordinary course of business, there are transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Company establishes reserves for tax related uncertainties based on estimates of whether and the extent to which additional taxes will be due. These reserves are established when the Company believes that certain positions might be challenged despite evidence supporting the position. The Company adjust this reserve in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of tax audits. The provision for income taxes includes the impact of reserve positions and changes to reserves that are considered probable.
 
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there are $688 and $688 of unrecognized tax benefits, respectively, that if recognized would reduce the effective tax rate. Interest and penalties assessed by taxing authorities on an underpayment of income taxes are included as components of income tax provision in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
 
A reconciliation of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
 
   
December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
  
Balance at beginning of year
  
$
688
    
$
-
  
Additions based on tax positions taken in prior years
    
-
      
546
  
Additions based on tax positions taken in the current year
    
-
      
142
  
Reduction based on tax positions taken in prior years
    
-
      
-
  
Balance at end of year
  
$
688
    
$
688
  
 
The Company files income tax returns in the Netherlands and other foreign jurisdictions. Income tax returns for the years since 2016 are subject to examination in the Netherlands. In the United States of America, income tax returns for the years since 2019 are subject to examination. Income tax returns for the tax years since 2017 are subject to examination in foreign jurisdictions.
 

 

F - 34		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 18 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
 
An entity related to one of the Company’s Supervisory Board members provide legal services to the Company. Legal expense related to these services is $54, $59 and $46 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
The Company engages the services of an individual who is a beneficiary of a trust, which is an indirect main shareholder of the Company, to provide certain selling and management services to the authentication technology segment. The Company incurred expenses of $1,887, $1,710 and $741 for such services for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, and 2021 the outstanding balances due for these services were $605 and $311, respectively, included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities. In addition, the individual serves as a board member of the Company and was paid an amount of $36, $38 and $38 as board fees, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
The Company engages the services of an individual who is a beneficiary of a trust, which is an indirect main shareholder of the Company, to provide certain selling services to its authentication technology segment. The Company incurred expenses of $155, $148 and $87 for such services for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
The Company engages the services of an individual which is a family member of the Chairman of the Board, to provide services as a Managing Director of the Company. The Company incurred expenses of $386, $286 and $182 for such services for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
The Chairman of the board, who is related to a trust which is an indirect main shareholder of the Company, receives annual compensation of $50 for his services as chairman. In addition, in 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company incurred salary expenses of $112, $117 and $125, respectively for the services he provides to AU10TIX.
 
The Company engaged the services of an individual who is a beneficiary of a trust, which is an indirect main shareholder of the Company, to provide certain selling and administrative services to its authentication technology segment. The Company incurred expenses of $340, $0 and $0 for such services for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. In addition, the individual serves as a board member of the Company, and was paid an amount of $36, $38 and $38 as board fees, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
The Company engages the services of an individual who is a family member of a beneficiary of a trust which is an indirect main shareholder of the Company, to provide certain administration services. The Company incurred expenses of $139, $141 and $118 for such services for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
In May 2019, the Company engaged the services of Arrow (see note 5) to provide some administrative services. The Company incurred expenses of $119, $286 and $115 for such services for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 
The Company has debt to an entity which is a main shareholder of the Company (see note 11).

 

NOTE 19 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
Letters of Credit and Guarantees
 
As of December 31, 2022, the Company has $8,249 in outstanding letters of credit and guarantees. Letters of credit and guarantees are being secured either by the same amounts in restricted cash with commercial banks (see note 2) or with deposits provided to customers which serve as cash collateral in order to guarantee the performance and quality of services provided to the customers.
 
Legal Proceedings
 
General
 
The Company is subject to various investigations, claims and legal proceedings covering a wide range of matters that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities. These claims are primarily related to grievances filed by current and former employees for unfair labor practices or discrimination, and for passenger aviation claims. Management recognizes a liability for any matter when the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is deemed to be probable and the amount is able to be reasonably estimated. Management has concluded that such claims, in the aggregate, would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
 

 

F - 35		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 19 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (CONTINUED)
 
Legal Proceedings (continued)
 
Inquiry Proceedings
 
On June 24, 2021, a minority shareholder of the Company initiated inquiry proceedings before the Enterprise Chamber of the Amsterdam Court of Appeal (the “Court”) which is a specialized court dedicated to resolving corporate disputes. The shareholder has requested the Court to appoint an investigator on behalf of the Court in accordance with Dutch law, to investigate certain activities of the Company that have been previously disclosed by the Company in its periodic filings with the SEC for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. The shareholder has not requested the Court to order preliminary relief, but has requested the Court to order the registrant to pay the costs of the proceedings. On June 2022, the Court rendered its judgement after reviewing all filings and a court hearing. The Court accepted ICTS’s defense on all items except two and appointed an investigator to examine those two items. The two items are: The conversion of loans in 2019 from a related party at a share price of $0.40 and the issuance of shares to directors and certain employees in 2019 at a share price of $0.40. The Company expects the investigator to provide his report to the court during 2023.
 
White Line
 
In 2017, the company invested $3,500 in White Line B.V., a limited Company incorporated in the Netherlands, representing 10% of the issued and outstanding share capital of White Line B.V.
 
The Company had an agreement with an entity related to its main shareholder, according to which, if the value of this investment decreased, the related party entity has guaranteed to repurchase this full investment in minimum amount of $3,500. In December 2018, the related party entity purchased the full investment from the Company for $3,500. In 2021, the Company has a dispute with White Line B.V. as certain items disclosed in White Line B.V. financials appeared questionable. ICTS requested the Court to instruct White Line to disclose certain documents. As the economical ownership is not within the Company anymore, the Company has no financial exposure on this dispute. On November 2022, the Appeal Court of Amsterdam rendered its judgement after reviewing all filings and a court hearing. The Court rejected the Company’s request for disclosure of documents.
 
Agency Agreements
 
In April 2013, prior to the purchase of one of the current subsidiaries in Europe, the Company entered into an agency agreement with a third party to assist it with this transaction. According to the agreement, in the event that the operations in that country are sold in the future, the third-party agent is entitled to a payment of €3,000 ($3,191 as of December 31, 2022).
 
In March 2016, the Company entered into an agreement with a third party to assist the Company with the possible sale of one of the Company’s subsidiaries (see note 13). The fees depend on the outcome of the assignment and are between 2%-5% of the sale consideration but not less than $4,000. In February 2019, the agreement was amended. According to the amendment, in case that less than 50% of the voting stock or majority of the subsidiary assets are being sold, the transaction fee will be 5% of the sale consideration but not lower than $3,000. In January 2022, the agreement was amended so that the fees will be 2%-3% of the sale consideration but not less than $4,000 and with a cap of $20,000. In case that less than 50% of the voting stock or majority of the subsidiary assets are being sold the transaction fee will be 5% of the sale consideration but not lower than $4,000.
 
Employment Agreements
 
In December 2022, the Company entered into an employment agreement with a third party to serve as the CEO of one of the Company’s subsidiaries. According to the agreement the employee is entitled to annual target bonus. The annual target bonus is based on achievement of targets as should be defined by the subsidiary’s board of directors. The bonus shall be equal to 10% of the EBIDA (excluding the applicable taxes).
 

 

F - 36		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)

 

NOTE 20 - SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION
 
The Company operates in four reportable segments: (a) corporate (b) airport security (c) other aviation related services and (d) authentication technology. The corporate segment does not generate revenue and contains primarily non-operational expenses. The airport security segment provides security services mostly to airlines and airport authorities mostly in Europe. The other aviation related services segment provides various services to airlines within airports in the United States of America. The authentication technology segment provides authentication services to financial and other companies, predominantly in the United States of America. All inter-segment transactions are eliminated in consolidation. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole.
 
The operating results of these reportable segments are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision.
 
   
Corporate
    
Airport
Security
    
Other
Aviation Related
Services
    
Authentication
Technology
    
Total
  
Year ended December 31, 2022:
                              
   Revenue
  
$
-
    
$
224,037
      
53,954
    
$
46,986
    
$
324,977
  
   Depreciation and amortization 
    
71
      
779
      
286
      
1,318
      
2,454
  
   Net income (loss) 
    
(2,921
)
    
1,128
      
(2,229
)
    
(1,212
)
    
(5,234
)
   Goodwill  
    
-
      
646
      
-
      
-
      
646
  
   Total assets
    
8,698
      
82,016
      
25,072
      
68,847
      
184,633
  
                                         
Year ended December 31, 2021:
                                        
   Revenue 
  
$
-
    
$
217,463
    
$
36,224
    
$
71,247
    
$
324,934
  
   Depreciation and amortization
    
75
      
939
      
167
      
880
      
2,061
  
   Net income (loss) 
    
(2,020
)
    
7,202
      
14,710
      
21,396
      
41,288
  
   Goodwill 
    
-
      
690
      
-
      
-
      
690
  
   Total assets
    
10,349
      
84,923
      
27,502
      
73,106
      
195,880
  
                                         
Year ended December 31, 2020:
                                        
   Revenue
  
$
-
    
$
194,477
    
$
28,177
    
$
25,765
    
$
248,419
  
   Depreciation and amortization
    
72
      
994
      
308
      
716
      
2,090
  
   Net income (loss)
    
(3,853
)
    
(2,779
)
    
8,835
      
3,199
      
5,402
  
   Goodwill 
    
-
      
746
      
-
      
-
      
746
  
   Total assets
    
12,488
      
72,851
      
13,699
      
41,350
      
140,388
  
 
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, revenue generated from customers by geographical area based on the geographical location of the customer’s invoicing address:
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
    
2020
  
Germany      
 
$
111,826
    
$
126,367
    
$
119,500
  
United States      
   
88,333
      
94,743
      
45,305
  
The Netherlands      
   
63,842
      
52,165
      
58,446
  
Spain      
   
39,448
      
30,946
      
7,465
  
Other countries      
   
21,528
      
20,713
      
17,703
  
Total revenue      
 
$
324,977
    
$
324,934
    
$
248,419
  
 

 

F - 37		 

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share data)
 
NOTE 20 - SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
 
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, by country:
 
   
December 31,
  
   
2022
    
2021
  
Germany      
 
$
384
    
$
361
  
United States      
   
683
      
422
  
The Netherlands      
   
488
      
624
  
Spain      
   
135
      
118
  
Other countries      
   
4,586
      
4,185
  
Total property and equipment, net      
 
$
6,276
    
$
5,710
  
 
Property and equipment, net, in other countries include $4,216 and $3,956 property and equipment in Israel, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
 

F - 38

ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE
(In thousands, except share data)
 
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
 
   
Beginning
of year
    
Charges
to
Costs and
Expenses
    
Charges
to
other
accounts
    
Deductions
    
End of
Year
  
                               
Allowance for doubtful accounts (1):
                              
Year ended December 31, 2020      
 
$
418
      
710
      
(438
)
    
-
    
$
690
  
Year ended December 31, 2021      
 
$
690
      
864
      
(563
)
    
-
    
$
991
  
Year ended December 31, 2022      
 
$
991
      
409
      
(192
)
    
-
    
$
1,208
  
                                         
Allowance for net deferred tax assets:
                                        
Year ended December 31, 2020      
 
$
21,046
      
-
      
-
      
(3,601
)
  
$
17,445
  
Year ended December 31, 2021      
 
$
17,445
      
-
      
-
      
(5,815
)
  
$
11,630
  
Year ended December 31, 2022      
 
$
11,630
      
-
      
1,872
      
-
    
$
13,502
  
 
(1) Write-off net of recoveries for the allowance for doubtful accounts.
 
F - 39
Exhibit 5

In this unofficial translation an attempt has been made to be as literal as possible without jeopardizing the overall continuity. Inevitably, differences may occur in the translation, and if so, the Dutch text will govern by law.
 
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
of:
ICTS INTERNATIONAL N.V.
with registered office in Amstelveen, the Netherlands
dated 25 January 2023

Name and registered office,
 
Article 1.
 
1.
The public limited liability company bears the name:

ICTS International N.V. and has its official seat in Amstelveen, the Netherlands.
 
2.
The company is established for an indefinite period.
 
Objects.
 
Article 2.
 
1.
The objects of the company are:
 

 a.
to advise on and provide further services relating to the security of persons and goods and to provide such security (or have it provided) on the instructions of companies, government agencies and individuals; in particular, but not exclusively: to have them installed, manage and monitor security systems for the purpose of preventing and combating crime and terrorism on and at premises, buildings, installations, vessels and aircrafts (or have them installed);
 

 b.
acquiring and disposing of - either alone or jointly with others - participations or other interests in companies and businesses, cooperating with companies and businesses and managing them;
 

 c.
the acquiring, managing, exploiting, encumbering and disposing of goods - including intellectual and industrial property rights - as well as capital investing;
 

 d.
lending money, or causing money to be lent, in particular - but not exclusively - to legal entities and companies that are subsidiaries and/or group companies of the company or in which the company has a participating interest - all with due observance of the provisions of the law - as well as borrowing money, or causing money to be borrowed;
 

 e.
concluding agreements whereby the company binds itself as guarantor or as joint and several debtor, warrants performance by or on behalf of others, in particular - but not exclusively - on behalf of legal entities and companies as referred to above under d, all with due observance of the provisions of paragraph 2 of this article;
 

 f.
performing all activities which are connected with or may be conducive to the above;
 

 g.
engaging in all other factual and legal acts which under Dutch law may be performed by the company.
 

 2.
Unless the provisions of Section 98c of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code are applicable, the company may not, in view of others subscribing for or acquiring shares in its capital or depositary receipts thereof, provide security, give a price guarantee, warrant performance in any other manner or bind itself severally or otherwise beside or on behalf of others.
 
Capital
 
Article 3.
 
The authorized capital of the company is fifteen million euro and thirty euro cents (EUR 15,000,000.30), divided into thirty-three million three hundred thirty-three thousand and three hundred thirty-four (33,333,334) shares, each with a nominal value of forty-five euro cents (EUR 0.45).
 
Definitions
 
Article 4.
 
1.
In the articles of association the following words shall have the following meanings;
 

 a.
management board/management board member(s): the management board/management board member(s) within the meaning of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code;
 

 b.
supervisory board/supervisory board member(s): the supervisory board/supervisory board member(s) within the meaning of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code;
 

 c.
shares: shares in the capital of the company;
 

 d.
general meeting: the company body formed by shareholders and other persons entitled to vote on shares;
 

 e.
general meeting of shareholders: the meeting of shareholders and other persons with meeting right;
 

 f.
annual meeting: the general meeting of shareholders for the purpose of discussion and adoption of the annual accounts;
 

 g.
annual accounts: the balance sheet and the profit and loss account with the explanatory notes, both prepared as well as adopted, unless the context indicates otherwise;
 

 h.
meeting right: the rights designated by law to holders of depositary receipts for shares issued with the cooperation of the company;
 

 i.
the law: the law of the Netherlands.
 
2.
In these articles of association, the term "in writing" shall mean by letter, by e-mail, or by any other legible and reproducible message transmitted by electronic means, provided that the identity of the sender can be established with sufficient certainty.
 
Shares: share certificates.
 
Article 5.
 
1.
Shares may not be divided into sub-shares.
 
2.
Shares shall be registered.
 
3.
Registered shares are available:
 

 -
in the form of an entry in the share register without the issuance of a share certificate (shares without share certificates);
 

 -
as well as, at the shareholder's option, in the form of an entry in the share register with the issuance of a share certificate (shares with share certificate).
 
4.
At the request of a shareholder, collective share certificates may be issued to him for any number of shares. Share certificates shall include collective share certificates.
 
5.
Share certificates shall be signed by or on behalf of the management board by means of an original signature or by means of a facsimile signature.
 
6.
Subject to the approval of the supervisory board, the management board may determine that share certificates shall be issued for trading on foreign stock exchanges which meet the requirements to be set by the foreign stock exchange or exchanges concerned and which do not carry a dividend sheet.
 
7.
One or more share certificates shall be issued to a shareholder for his shares at his request.
 
2
8.
The management board may issue duplicates of damaged share certificates which, in the opinion of the management board, are still identifiable; the management board shall then arrange for the destruction of the damaged documents.
 
The management board may issue duplicates of destroyed, lost or otherwise obsolete share certificates, subject to such conditions as it may determine.
 
Each new document to be issued shall be clearly marked with the word:
 
"duplicate" and shall be given the designation of the expired piece. The issuance of the duplicate renders worthless the document it substitutes.
 
All costs of execution of the provisions of this paragraph shall be borne by the applicant, unless the management board decides otherwise.
 
Usufruct and pledge of shares. Transfer of shares.
 
Article 6.
 
1.
Usufruct may be established on shares.
 
2.
Shares may be pledged. A pledge may also be established without acknowledgement by or service to the company.
 
3.
A shareholder without voting rights as a result of a restricted right established on his shares and a usufructuary and a pledgee with voting rights, shall have the rights conferred by law upon the holders of depositary receipts issued for shares with the cooperation of the company. Usufructuaries and pledgees of shares who do not have voting rights shall not be entitled to such depositary receipt holders rights.
 
Notification of place of residence and address. Convocations and notifications. Register of shareholders.
 
Article 7.
 
1.
With due observance of the provisions of the law, a register shall be kept by or on behalf of the company with respect to registered shares, which register shall be kept up to date and may (entirely or partly) consist of several copies and be kept in several places, all as the management board shall decide.
 
2.
The name and address of each shareholder, as well as such other particulars as the management board, whether at the request of a shareholder or not, may deem desirable, shall be entered in the register.
 
3.
The management board shall determine the form and content of the share register with due observance of the provisions of the first two paragraphs of this article.
 
4.
A shareholder who so requests shall be provided free of charge with a statement of the information contained in the register regarding the shares registered in his name, which statement may be signed by a special representative designated for this purpose by the management board.
 
5.
The provisions of the foregoing paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis to those who have a right of usufruct or a right of pledge on one or more shares, subject to the provision that the other information required by law shall also be recorded in the register.
 
Transfer of shares.
 
Article 8.
 
1.
The provisions of the law shall apply to the transfer of shares as well as to the creation and transfer of a restricted right thereon.
 
2.
To any attribution of shares in the division of any community, the transfer requirements prescribed by law shall apply mutatis mutandis.
 
3
Issuance of shares. Payment.
 
Article 9.
 
1.
The general meeting – or as the case may be the supervisory board, if and insofar as it has been designated for that purpose by the general meeting - shall decide to issue shares; if the supervisory board has been designated for that purpose, the general meeting may not decide to issue shares as long as the designation remains in force.
 
2.
The general meeting or, as the case may be, the supervisory board shall determine the issue price and the other conditions of issuance, including payment in foreign currency on shares.
 
3.
If the supervisory board is designated as being authorized to resolve to issue shares, the number of shares that may be issued shall be determined at the time of such designation. When such designation is made, the duration of the designation, which may not exceed five years, will also be fixed. The designation may each time be extended for a period not exceeding five years. Unless stipulated otherwise in the designation, it cannot be withdrawn.
 
4.
The provisions of paragraphs 1 through 3 of this article shall apply mutatis mutandis to the granting of rights to subscribe for shares, but shall not apply to the issuance of shares to a person exercising a previously acquired right to subscribe for shares.
 
5.
The company cannot subscribe for shares in its capital.
 
6.
Shares shall never be issued below par, without prejudice to the provisions of section 80, paragraph 2 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.
 
7.
Payment on shares shall be made in cash, insofar as no other contribution has been agreed to, such subject to the relevant provisions of the law. Payment in cash may be made in foreign currency if the company so agrees, again subject to the provisions of the law.
 
Pre-emptive right on issue.
 
Article 10.
 
1.
In the event of an issuance of ordinary shares, the shareholders will have a pre-emptive right in proportion to the total amount of each person's shares, with due observance of the restrictions laid down by the law. Holders of ordinary shares will have the same pre-emptive right when rights to acquire ordinary shares are granted.
 
2.
With due observance of the relevant provisions of the law, the pre-emptive right may be restricted or excluded by the general meeting or, if so designated by a resolution of the general meeting for a period not exceeding five years, by the supervisory board. Such a designation can only be made if the supervisory board is designated, or simultaneously designated, as the company body authorized to resolve to issue shares.
 
Acquisition of own shares. Reduction of capital.
 
Article 11.
 
1.
Acquisition by the company of non-paid-up shares in its capital shall be null and void.
 
2.
Fully paid-up shares in its own capital may only be acquired by the company for no consideration or if:
 

 a.
the net equity, less the acquisition price, is not less than the paid and called-up part of the capital increased by the reserves that must be maintained by law or by the articles of association;
 

 b.
the nominal amount of the shares to be acquired and the shares already held by the company and its subsidiaries jointly does not exceed two-tenths of the issued capital;
 
3.
The validity of the acquisition is determined by the amount of the net equity according to the most recently adopted balance sheet, less the acquisition price for shares in the capital of the company and distributions from profits or reserves to others, which the company and its subsidiaries owed after the balance sheet date. If more than six months of a financial year have elapsed without the annual accounts having been adopted, acquisition, other than for no consideration, is not permitted in accordance with paragraph 2.
 
4
4.
The company may only acquire shares in its capital other than for no consideration after the general meeting has authorized the management board to do so.
 
This authorization shall be valid for no more than eighteen months. The general meeting must specify in the authorization the number of shares that may be acquired, the manner in which they may be acquired and the limits within which the price must lie.
 
The authorization is not required to transfer shares to workers employed by the company or a group company under an employment scheme applicable to them. Such shares must be included in the price list of a stock exchange.
 
5.
The previous paragraphs shall not apply to shares acquired by the company by universal title.
 
6.
The term shares in the previous paragraphs of this article shall include depositary receipts thereof.
 
7.
Acquisition of shares contrary to the provisions of this article shall be null and void. The managing directors shall be jointly and severally liable to the disposer in good faith who suffers loss as a result of the nullity.
 
8.
The general meeting may, provided it does so on the proposal of the supervisory board, decide to reduce the issued capital by cancellation of shares or by reducing the amount of shares by amending the articles of association. This resolution must designate the shares to which the resolution relates and provide for the implementation of the resolution. The paid-up and called-in part of the capital must not fall below the minimum capital prescribed at the time of the resolution.
 
9.
A resolution to cancel may only relate to shares held by the company itself or for which it holds the depositary receipts.
 
10.
Partial repayment on shares or exemption from the obligation to pay up shall only be possible in implementation of a resolution to reduce the amount of the shares. The repayment or exemption must take place proportionally on all shares.
 
The requirement of proportionality may be deviated from with the consent of all shareholders concerned.
 
11.
The notice convening a meeting at which a resolution as referred to in paragraphs 8 or 10 of this article is to be passed shall state the purpose of the capital reduction and the manner in which it is to be carried out. The provisions of article 21 of these articles of association shall apply mutatis mutandis.
 
12.
The company shall file the resolutions referred to in paragraphs 8 or 10 of this article at the office of the commercial register and shall announce the filing in a national newspaper.
 
Subdivided rights to a share.
 
Article 12.
 
If several persons have undivided rights to a share, those persons may only exercise those rights by being represented to the company by one person.
 
Management and supervision.
 
Article 13.
 
1.
The company shall be managed by a management board consisting of one or more management board members. The management board shall be supervised by a supervisory board consisting of one or more members. Only individuals may be supervisory board members.
 
2.
The number of management board members and supervisory board members shall be determined by the general meeting.
 
3.
The supervisory board shall determine the remuneration and other terms of employment of each of the management board members. The supervisory board may fix the joint remuneration of its members up to a maximum amount of two million American dollars (USD 2,000,000.--) in total or the equivalent in other currencies per year. A combined remuneration of the members of the supervisory board in excess of the aforementioned amount may only be granted by the general meeting.
 
5
4.
The management board members and the supervisory board members shall be appointed by the general meeting. Supervisory board members shall be appointed for an indefinite period of time.
 
The supervisory board may recommend persons for the position of management board member and supervisory board member.
 
5.
Management board members and supervisory board members may be suspended and dismissed at any time by the general meeting.
 
Management board members may also be suspended at any time by the supervisory board, stating the reasons for such suspension.
 
6.
If, in the case of a suspension of a management board member or supervisory board member, the general meeting has not resolved within three months thereafter to dismiss him, the suspension shall end.
 
The suspended management board member or supervisory board member shall be given the opportunity to account for himself at the general meeting and may be assisted by a legal adviser at that meeting.
 
Management Board.
 
Article 14.
 
1.
With due observance of the articles of association and the law, the management board shall be charged with the management of the company. In performing their duties the management board members shall act in accordance with the interests of the company and the business connected with it.
 
2.
If there is more than one management board member, the management board members may divide their duties by mutual agreement.
 
The supervisory board shall be authorized to amend the by the management board members established division of their work.
 
3.
The management board decides by direct majority vote.
 
If there is a tie in voting, the proposal shall be deemed to have been rejected.
 
4.
The management board may also pass resolutions outside of a meeting, provided this is done in writing, all management board members have cast their votes and none of them has objected to this manner of decision-making.
 
5.
The company shall be represented by the management board. Any two members of the management board acting jointly shall also be authorized to represent the company.
 
6.
The management board shall be authorized to appoint officers with power of representation with such titles and powers as it may determine.
 
7.
A management board member shall not participate in deliberations and the decision-making process in the event of a direct or indirect personal conflict of interest between that management board member and the company and the enterprise connected with it. If there is such personal conflict of interest in respect of all management board members, the decision shall be taken by the supervisory board.
 
8.
A management board member shall hold office until he resigns, deceases or is dismissed.
 
9.
In the event of a vacant seat or upon inability to act of one or more management board members, the remaining management board members or the only remaining management board member shall temporarily be in charge of the entire management.
 
10.
In the event all seats are vacant or upon inability to act of all management board members, a person to be appointed for that purpose for an indefinite period of time by the supervisory board or otherwise shall temporarily be in charge of the entire management.
 
6
Supervisory Board.
 
Article 15.
 
1.
It shall be the duty of the supervisory board to supervise the policy of the management board and the general course of affairs in the company and in the business connected with it. It shall assist the management board with advice.
 
In performing their duties, the supervisory board members shall act in accordance with the interests of the company and the business connected with it.
 
2.
The management board shall provide the supervisory board in good time with the information required for the performance of its duties and shall furthermore provide each supervisory board member with all information concerning the company's business that the latter may require.
 
The supervisory board shall be authorized to inspect all of the company's books, records and correspondence and to have them inspected; each member of the supervisory board shall at all times have access to all of the company's rooms and premises.
 
3.
The supervisory board may have experts assist it in the performance of its duties for the account of the company.
 
4.
The supervisory board shall appoint one of its members as chairman.
 
5.
Each member of the supervisory board as well as the management board shall be authorized to convene a meeting of the supervisory board. A member of the supervisory board may be represented at a meeting of the supervisory board by another member of the supervisory board holding a written proxy.
 
6.
The supervisory board shall adopt resolutions by an absolute majority of votes.
 
If there is a tie in voting, the proposal shall be deemed to have been rejected.
 
7.
The supervisory board may also adopt resolutions outside a meeting, provided this is done in writing, all supervisory board members have cast their votes and none of them objects to this manner of decision-making.
 
A resolution shall then have been passed if more than half of the number of supervisory board members have declared themselves in favor of the proposal.
 
8.
If there is only one supervisory board member, he shall have all the powers and obligations assigned and imposed by these articles of association to the supervisory board and its chairman.
 
9.
A supervisory board member shall not participate in the deliberations and decision-making process in the event of a conflict of interest between that supervisory board member and the company and the enterprise connected with it. If there is such a personal conflict of interest in respect of all supervisory board members, the preceding sentence does not apply and the supervisory board shall maintain its authority.
 
10.
In the event of a vacant seat or upon inability to act of one or more supervisory board members, the remaining supervisory board members or the only remaining supervisory board member shall temporarily be in charge with the exercise of the duties and powers of the supervisory board member in question.
 
11.
In the event all seats are vacant or upon inability to act of all supervisory board members, or the sole supervisory board member, as the case may be, the general meeting shall have the authority to temporarily entrust the exercise of the duties and powers of the supervisory board members to one or more persons.
 
7
General meeting of shareholders.
 
Article 16.
 
1.
General meetings of shareholders shall be held in the place where the company has its official seat or in Amsterdam, Rotterdam or The Hague.
 
At a general meeting of shareholders held elsewhere than in the previous sentence, lawful resolutions can only be taken if the entire issued capital is represented.
 
2.
At least one general meeting of shareholders shall be held each year, within six months after the end of the financial year.
 
3.
The management board and the supervisory board shall be equally authorized to convene a general meeting. The management board and the supervisory board shall be obliged to convene a general meeting if one or more holders of shares who jointly represent at least one-tenth of the issued capital so request in writing, specifying the subjects to be dealt with.
 
If in such a case neither the management board nor the supervisory board has taken such measures that the general meeting can be held within six weeks of the request, each of the requesters shall be entitled to convene a general meeting themselves, with due observance of the relevant provisions of these articles of association.
 
4.
All convocations for the general meetings of shareholders and all notifications to shareholders shall take place by means of letters sent to the addresses listed in the register of shareholders. Instead of through notice letters, any shareholder that gives his consent, may be sent notice of the meeting by means of a legible and reproducible message electronically sent to the address stated by him for this purpose to the company.
 
The term "shareholders" shall include usufructuaries and pledgees to whom the voting right accrues.
 
5.
Notices which by law or in accordance with the articles of association must be given to the general meeting may be given by including them in the notice convening the meeting or in the document deposited at the company's offices in Amsterdam for information purposes, provided that this is stated in the notice convening the meeting.
 
The convocation shall be made no later than on the fifteenth day before that of the meeting.
 
6.
If all of the issued capital is represented at the meeting and also all others who must be notified to attend the meeting in accordance with the law or these articles of association, the general meeting of shareholders may pass valid resolutions on all subjects to be discussed, provided it does so unanimously, even if the provisions of the law or these articles of association regarding convocation of the general meeting of shareholders have not been complied with.
 
7.
Each shareholder and each person to whom the law grants this right shall be entitled, either in person or by written proxy, to attend the general meeting of shareholders, to address the meeting and, if the voting rights accrue to him, to exercise his voting rights. Before being admitted to a meeting, a shareholder and the person referred to in the preceding sentence or their proxy shall sign an attendance list, stating his name and, if applicable, the number of votes he may cast. A proxy shall also state the name of the person for whom he is acting.
 
8.
The management board may resolve that the powers referred to in the first sentence of article 16.7 may be exercised by means of electronic communication. If a shareholder and any person with meeting right participates by means of electronic communication, it is required that the electronic communication allows for identification of the shareholder and any person with meeting right, for such person to directly take notice of the proceedings in the meeting and for the casting of votes (if applicable). Furthermore, it shall be required that the electronic communication allows for the shareholder and any person with meeting right to participate in discussions in the meeting. The management board may subject the use of the electronic communication to further conditions, provided that these conditions are reasonable and necessary for identification and the reliability and security of the communication, and are included in the notice of the meeting.
 
8
9.
Admission to the general meeting of shareholders shall be granted to the supervisory board members, the management board members and all other persons entitled to admission by law. The general meeting of shareholders may grant access to the meeting to persons other than those referred to above.
 
Management board members and supervisory board members shall as such have an advisory vote in the general meeting of shareholders.
 
10.
In deviation from the provisions of article 16.7, the management board may determine that such persons shall be deemed to have the right to vote and the right to attend the general meeting of shareholders as at a time to be determined by the management board are registered as shareholders in one or more registers designated by the management board, regardless of who is entitled to the relevant shares at the time of the general meeting of shareholders.
 
The notice convening the meeting must state the registration date and also indicate the manner in which registration may take place and the manner in which shareholders may exercise their rights. The management board determines the manner in which shareholders may have themselves registered and the manner in which they may exercise their rights. The registration date shall be determined with due observance of applicable statutory provisions.
 
Article 17.
 
1.
The general meeting of shareholders shall be chaired by the chairman of the supervisory board or, in his absence, by the person designated for that purpose by the supervisory board, from its midst or otherwise.
 
If none of the supervisory board members is present, the meeting itself shall provide for its chairmanship.
 
2.
Unless a notarial deed of proceedings is drawn up, minutes shall be kept by a person to be designated for this purpose by the chairman - as such he may also designate himself - which minutes shall be adopted by the general meeting in the same or in the next meeting and in evidence thereof shall be signed by the chairman and the secretary of that meeting. Each management board member, each supervisory board member and one or more holders of shares who jointly represent at least one-tenth of the issued capital shall be authorized to have a notarial deed of proceedings made.
 
The costs of a notarial deed of proceedings shall be borne by the company.
 
Voting at the general meeting of shareholders.
 
Article 18.
 
1.
Each share entitles the holder to cast one vote.
 
2.
Resolutions of the general meeting of shareholders are passed by an absolute majority of the votes cast in a meeting where at least half the issued capital is represented. The provisions of Section 120, paragraph 3 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code shall not apply. Resolutions of the general meeting of shareholders to amend the articles of association, to reduce the capital, to dissolve the company or to merge shall be passed by a majority of at least two-thirds of the votes cast representing at least half of the issued capital.
 
3.
If there is a tie in voting in an election of members of the supervisory board, the chairman of the supervisory board shall decide; if there is a tie in voting in another election, the proposal shall be deemed to have been rejected.
 
4.
Blank votes and invalid votes shall be considered votes not cast. They shall count towards the determination of a quorum.
 
9
Financial year, annual accounts and distribution of profits.
 
Article 19.
 
1.
The financial year of the company shall be the calendar year.
 
2.
Annually, within five months after the end of the company's financial year, unless this term is extended by no more than five months by the general meeting on the basis of special circumstances, the management board shall draw up annual accounts and shall make these available for inspection by the shareholders at the company's offices. Within this period - unless Section 403 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code applies to the company - the management board shall also prepare the management report and shall make it available for inspection as aforesaid. These documents shall be accompanied by the information as referred to in Section 392, paragraph 1 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code and, if there is such information, the preliminary advice of the supervisory board. The annual accounts shall be signed by all management board members and supervisory board members; if the signature of one or more of them is missing, this and the reason for it shall be stated.
 
3.
Without prejudice to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the company shall ensure that the documents referred to in that paragraph are available at its offices for inspection as from the date of the notice convening the general meeting of shareholders for its consideration. Copies of these documents may be obtained by those entitled to inspect them free of charge.
 
4.
The annual accounts shall be adopted by the general meeting. Without prejudice to the provisions of sections 139 and 150 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code, adoption of the annual accounts without reservation shall discharge the management board members and supervisory board members.
 
Article 20.
 
1.
The profit shall be determined according to standards which are considered generally acceptable.
 
2.
From the profit as shown in the annual accounts adopted by the general meeting, such amount may be reserved as the supervisory board shall determine.
 
3.
The profit remaining after application of the provisions of paragraph 2 of this article shall be at the disposal of the general meeting.
 
4.
The company may only make distributions to the shareholders from the profit to the extent that the net equity exceeds the paid and called-up part of the capital plus the reserves that must be maintained by the law or by the articles of association.
 
5.
Distribution of profits shall only take place after the adoption of the annual accounts showing that such distribution is permitted.
 
6.
Shares or depositary receipts for shares held by the company in its entirety in its capital or on which it has a right of usufruct shall not be taken into account in calculating the profit distribution.
 
7.
The company may make interim distributions, provided that the provisions of paragraph 4 are observed. The payment of an interim distribution is decided by the management board after obtaining the approval of the supervisory board.
 
8.
The supervisory board shall determine the day on which distributions on shares are made payable, which shall not be later than three months after the resolution to make the distribution was adopted. Payment will be announced in accordance with the provisions of article 16 paragraph 4.
 
9.
Distributions which have not been disposed of within five years after the day on which they were made payable shall revert to the company.
 
10
Amendment of the articles of association and dissolution.
 
Article 21.
 
Whenever a proposal to amend the articles of association or to dissolve the company is put to the general meeting, this must be stated in the notice convening the general meeting of shareholders. If it concerns an amendment of the articles of association, a copy of the proposal, containing the verbatim text of the proposed amendment, must simultaneously be deposited at the company's office for inspection by shareholders until the end of the meeting.
 
The provisions of Section 123 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code shall apply mutatis mutandis.
 
Liquidation.
 
Article 22.
 
1.
In the event of the dissolution of the company, the liquidation shall be carried out by the management board under the supervision of the supervisory board.
 
The provisions of article 13 and of article 14, paragraphs 1, 2, 5 and 7 shall apply mutatis mutandis.
 
2.
The general meeting shall determine the remuneration of the liquidators.
 
3.
During the liquidation, these articles of association shall remain in force as far as possible.
 
4.
The balance remaining after all debts of the company have been paid shall be distributed to the shareholders in proportion to the amount paid up on each of their shares.
 
Indemnification.
 
Article 23.
 
1.
The company shall, within the limits of the law, indemnify and defray expenses for each present and former member of the supervisory board, member of the management board, officer, employee and authorized representative, if and as soon as he or she, by reason of his or her relation to the company, becomes involved or is threatened with becoming involved in an impending, pending or completed action or proceeding.
 
2.
The company is authorized, within the limits of the law, to take out liability insurance for the persons referred to in paragraph 1. of this article.
 
Transitional provision capital.
 
Article 24.
 
As of the date that the board has filed a statement with the trade register to the effect that ninety percent (90%) of the authorized capital has been issued, article 3 reads as follows:
 
"The authorized capital of the company amounts to sixty-seven million and five hundred thousand euros (EUR 67,500,000), divided into one hundred fifty million (150,000,000) shares, each with a nominal value of forty-five eurocents (EUR 0.45).

11
Exhibit 12.1

CERTIFICATIONS*
 
I, Rom Shaked, certify that:
 
1.           I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of ICTS International, N.V. (the "Company") for the year ended December 31, 2022;
 
2.          Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.          Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.          The Company's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
 

 (a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 

 (b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 

 (c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the company's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 

 (d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company's internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.         The company's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company's auditors and the audit committee of the company's Supervisory Board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 

 (a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 

 (b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company's internal control over financial reporting.
 
Dated:
May 10, 2023
  
     
By:
/s/ Rom Shaked
  
Rom Shaked, Managing Director
  

 
Exhibit 12.2
 

CERTIFICATIONS*
 
I,  Alon Raich, certify that:
 
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of ICTS International, N.V. (the "Company") for the year ended December 31, 2022;
 
2.          Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.          Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.          The Company's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
 
(a)          Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
(b)          Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
(c)          Evaluated the effectiveness of the company's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
(d)          Disclosed in this report any change in the company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company's internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.          The company's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company's auditors and the audit committee of the company's Supervisory Board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
(a)          All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
(b)          Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company's internal control over financial reporting.
 
Dated:  May 10, 2023
  
   
By:
/s/ Alon Raich
  
Alon Raich, Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer
  


EXHIBIT 13.1
 
CERTIFICATION
 
In connection with the annual report of ICTS International, N.V. (the "Company") on Form 20-F for the period ending December 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Rom Shaked, Managing Director of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. ss. 1350, as adopted pursuant to ss. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
By:
/s/ Rom Shaked
  
 
Rom Shaked, Managing Director
     
Dated:
May 10, 2023
  

 
EXHIBIT 13.2
 
CERTIFICATION
 
In connection with the annual report of ICTS International, N.V. (the "Company") on Form 20-F for the period ending December 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Alon Raich, Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. ss. 1350, as adopted pursuant to ss. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
By:
/s/ Alon Raich
  
 
Alon Raich, Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer
     
Dated:
May 10, 2023