Registration No. 333-[_____]


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 


FORM S-11
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
 

 
RICH UNCLES REIT, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Governing Instruments)

3080 Bristol Street Suite 550
Costa Mesa, CA 92626
(855) 742-4862
(Address, Including Zip Code and Telephone Number,
Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)
 
Harold Hofer
Chief Executive Officer
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc.
3080 Bristol Street, Suite 550
Costa Mesa, CA 92626
(855) 742-4862
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code and Telephone Number,
Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)
 
Copies to:
Lee Polson, Esq.
Strasburger & Price, LLP
720 Brazos Street, Suite 700
Austin, Texas 78701
(512) 499-3626
 


Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable following effectiveness of this Registration Statement.
 
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box:   x
 
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    o
 
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.         o
 
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    o
 
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, check the following box.    o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer   o Accelerated filer   o
Non-accelerated filer   x Smaller reporting company   o
 
 
 


CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
 
Title of Securities Being Registered
 
Amount Being Registered (1)
   
Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price Per Share
   
Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price (2)
   
Amount of Registration Fee
 
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
   
90,000,000
   
$
10.00
   
$
900,000,000
   
$
104,580.00
 
Common Stock, $0.001 par value (3)
   
10,000,000
   
$
10.00
   
$
100,000,000
   
$
11,620.00
 
Total
   
100,000,000
           
$
1,000,000,000
   
$
116,620.00
 
 
(1)  The Registrant reserves the right to reallocate shares of common stock between the primary offering and the Registrant’s distribution reinvestment plan.
(2)  Estimated solely for purposes of determining the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457.
(3)  Represents shares issuable pursuant to the Registrant’s distribution reinvestment plan.
 


The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant files a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement will thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement becomes effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.



 

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where an offer or sale is not permitted.
 
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 6, 2015
 

Rich Uncles REIT, Inc.
100,000,000 Shares of Common Stock
Initial Offering Price of $10.00 Per Share

 
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc. is a newly organized Maryland corporation that intends to elect to qualify as a real estate investment trust beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2015.  We are offering up to 90,000,000 shares of common stock in this primary offering and 10,000,000 shares pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan for a price currently equal to $10.00 per share. Our sponsor, Rich Uncles, LLC, has invested $100,000 to purchase 10,000 shares at the commencement of our primary offering. No person may own (actually or constructively) more than 9.8% of our outstanding common stock unless our board of directors waives this restriction. We will offer these shares indefinitely and we may elect to increase the maximum offering size in the future.  Our board of directors will adjust the offering price of the primary offering shares and dividend reinvestment plan shares during the course of this offering as described elsewhere herein.
 
We intend to sell the shares directly to investors and not through registered broker-dealers and investment advisors who are paid commissions and fees. As a result, our total up-front expenses are significantly less than those of other non-exchange listed public REITs that do pay commissions and fees and, as a consequence, we will be able to invest a significantly higher percentage of the proceeds generated from the sale of our shares into properties, compared to such other non-exchange listed public REITs.
 
We expect to use the net proceeds from this offering primarily to invest, directly or indirectly through investments in non-affiliated entities, in single-tenant income-producing corporate properties which are leased to creditworthy tenants under long-term net leases. Our goal is to generate a relatively predictable and stable current stream of income for investors and the potential for long-term capital appreciation in the value of our properties.  We are externally managed by Rich Uncles REIT Operator, LLC, our advisor, and our sponsor is Rich Uncles, Inc.
 
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. See Risk Factors beginning on page 8 to read about risks you should consider before buying shares of our common stock. These risks include the following:
 
•  
This is an initial public offering; we have no prior operating history, and the prior performance of real estate programs sponsored by affiliates of our sponsor may not be indicative of our future results.
 
•  
This is a “best efforts” offering. If we are unable to raise substantial funds in this offering, we may not be able to invest in a diverse portfolio of real estate and real estate-related investments, and the value of your investment may fluctuate more widely with the performance of specific investments.
 
•  
We are a “blind pool” because we have not identified any properties to acquire with the net proceeds from this offering. As a result, you will not be able to evaluate the economic merits of our future investments prior to their purchase. We may be unable to invest the net proceeds from this offering on acceptable terms to investors, or at all.
 
•  
We may fail to qualify as a REIT, which could adversely affect our operations and our ability to make distributions.
 
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc.
3080 Bristol Street, Suite 550
Costa Mesa, California 92626
www.RichUncles.com

The date of this prospectus is July 6, 2015.
 
 
SUITABILITY STANDARDS
 
The shares we are offering through this prospectus are suitable only as a long-term investment for persons of adequate financial means and who have no need for liquidity in this investment. Because there is no public market for our shares, you will have difficulty selling your shares.
 
In consideration of these factors, we have established suitability standards for investors in this offering and subsequent purchasers of our shares. These suitability standards require that a purchaser of shares have either:
 
 
a net worth of at least $250,000; or
 
 
gross annual income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $70,000.
 
In addition, the states listed below have established additional suitability requirements that are more stringent than ours and investors in these states are directed to the following special suitability standards:
 
 
Alabama, Michigan and Oregon – Investors must have a liquid net worth of at least ten times their investment in us and our affiliates.
 
 
California – Investors must have either (a) a net worth of at least $250,000 or (b) a gross annual income of at least $75,000 and a net worth of at least $75,000, and the investment must not exceed ten percent (10%) of the net worth of the investor.
 
 
Iowa and Nebraska – Investors must have either (a) a net worth of at least $350,000 or (b) a gross annual income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $100,000. In addition, shares will only be sold to Iowa and Nebraska residents that have a liquid net worth of at least ten times their investment in us.
 
 
Kansas – It is recommended by the office of the Kansas Securities Commissioner that Kansas investors not invest, in the aggregate, more than 10% of their liquid net worth in this and similar direct participation investments. Liquid net worth is defined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
 
 
Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Tennessee – Investors must have a liquid net worth of at least ten times their investment in us.
 
 
Ohio – An Ohio investor’s aggregate investment in us, our affiliates and other non-traded real estate investment trusts may not exceed 10% of his or her liquid net worth.
 
For purposes of determining the suitability of an investor, net worth in all cases should be calculated excluding the value of an investor’s home, home furnishings and automobiles. In the case of sales to fiduciary accounts, these suitability standards must be met by the fiduciary account, by the person who directly or indirectly supplied the funds for the purchase of the shares if such person is the fiduciary or by the beneficiary of the account.
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
 
This prospectus summary highlights material information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. Because it is a summary, it may not contain all of the information that is important to you. To understand this offering fully, you should read the entire prospectus, as supplemented, carefully, including the “Risk Factors” section, and the information incorporated by reference herein, including the financial statements, before making a decision to invest in our common stock.
 
What is Rich Uncles REIT, Inc.?
 
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc., or Rich Uncles REIT, is a Maryland corporation, incorporated on May 14, 2015,  that intends to elect to qualify to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2015.  We expect to use a substantial amount of the net proceeds from this offering to primarily invest, directly or indirectly through investments in non-affiliated entities, in single-tenant income-producing corporate properties, which are leased to creditworthy tenants under long-term net leases. Our goal is to generate a relatively predictable and stable current stream of income for investors and the potential for long-term capital appreciation in the value of our properties.  We may make our investments through the acquisition of individual assets or by acquiring portfolios of assets, or shares of or interests in other REITs or real estate companies.  Our external advisor, Rich Uncles REIT Operator, LLC, conducts our operations and manages our portfolio of real estate and real estate-related investments. We have no paid employees.  Our office is located at 3080 Bristol Street, Suite 550, Costa Mesa, California, 92626. Our telephone number is (885) 742-4862, and our website address is www.RichUncles.com .
 
Who is our sponsor, and, what role will it play?
 
Our sponsor is Rich Uncles, Inc., or Rich Uncles,  which was founded by Ray Wirta and Harold Hofer for a single purpose – to make direct real estate investment easier and less expensive for the small investor. Typically, the sponsor of a non-exchange listed public REIT such as the Company has an in-house dealer-manager that is responsible for marketing shares in its real estate investment trust, or REIT,   to broker-dealers licensed with FINRA and investment advisers or financial planners who are licensed with the SEC or state securities administrators. The broker-dealer or financial planner usually receives 5% to 7% of his or her clients’ investment in the REIT as a commission. Additionally, the dealer-manager may also receive a commission, in the 2% to 3% range. Finally, the broker-dealer or financial planner may be reimbursed for costs associated with due diligence in an amount equal to 1% to 2% of the investment amount. When one adds up all of these commissions and reimbursements, approximately 10% of the cost of the REIT shares is spent on broker-dealer and dealer-manager costs. Rich Uncles has created an alternate distribution channel for the sale of non-exchange listed public REITs that excludes payment of commissions and expense reimbursements to advisory intermediaries. This alternate channel embraces the large scale reach of the internet, and the ease of access to and transparency of information contained over the internet. Thus, Rich Uncles believes that with this ease and transparency, Rich Uncles can deliver a real estate product to the market that has roughly 10% more of the investment amount actually being invested in real estate rather than being paid to others in the form of commissions and reimbursements.
 
Who is our advisor, and what role will it play?
 
Our advisor is Rich Uncles REIT Operator, LLC, or Rich Uncles Operator, which is responsible for the management of the REIT. Our advisor will provide advisory services and necessary administrative functions for the management of our REIT, including but not limited to regulatory compliance. Additionally, our advisor will oversee the acquisition and management of our portfolio of real estate investments, all subject to the supervision of our board of directors.   It was also formed by Messrs. Wirta and Hofer.  They have each been involved in real estate acquisition, financing, management, and disposition for more than 30 years. They have experienced multiple real estate cycles in their careers and have the expertise gained through hands-on experience in acquisitions, asset management, dispositions, development, leasing and property and portfolio management. We believe the experience of Messrs. Wirta and Hofer will allow us to successfully execute our business model.
 
What is a REIT?
 
In general, a REIT is an entity that:
 
 
combines the capital of many investors to acquire or provide financing for real estate investments;
 
 
 
allows individual investors to invest in a professionally managed, large-scale, diversified portfolio of real estate assets;
 
 
pays distributions to investors of at least 90% of its annual REIT taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and excluding net capital gain); and
 
 
avoids the “double taxation” treatment of income that normally results from investments in a corporation because a REIT is not generally subject to federal corporate income taxes on that portion of its income distributed to its stockholders, provided certain income tax requirements are satisfied.
 
However, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code, REITs are subject to numerous organizational and operational requirements. If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any year after electing REIT status, our income will be taxed at regular corporate rates, and we may be precluded from qualifying for treatment as a REIT for the four-year period following our failure to qualify. Even if we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we may still be subject to state and local taxes on our income and property and to federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed income.
 
Are there any risks involved in an investment in your shares?
 
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully review the Risk Factors section of this prospectus beginning on page 8, which contains a detailed discussion of the material risks that you should consider before you invest in our common stock.
 
What is the experience of your sponsor?
 
Rich Uncles, Inc. was formed as Nexregen, LLC, in the State of Delaware on May 5, 2006. In 2015 it was converted to a Delaware corporation.  Rich Uncles has sponsored two previous real estate investment trusts, (i) Nexregen Firewheel Real Estate Investment Trust, or Firewheel, in 2007, to invest in a limited partnership that owned a shopping center in Garland, Texas and (ii) Rich Uncles Real Estate Investment Trust I, or Rich Uncles I, organized in 2012 to invest in in single-tenant income-producing corporate properties located in California, which are leased to creditworthy tenants under long-term net leases.
 
Rich Uncles sold $360,500 of the Firewheel trust’s common stock and $1,497,222 in direct limited partnership interests to the public in a Texas-only offering registered with the Texas State Securities Board in 2007 and 2008. The trust converted to a limited partnership in 2008 and continues to hold its interest in the shopping center.
 
As of June 26, 2015, Rich Uncles I has sold $11,882,669 of its common stock to the public in an ongoing California-only offering pursuant to a Permit issued by the California Department of Business Oversight.
 
Will you use leverage?
 
Yes. We expect that our debt financing and other liabilities will be approximately 50% of the cost of our tangible assets (before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves). This is our target leverage, and we intend to limit our leverage to 50% of the cost of acquiring our tangible assets (before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves, and excluding any borrowings under a short-term acquisition line of credit).  This is an overall target.  Our borrowings on one or more individual properties may exceed 50% of their individual cost, so long as our overall leverage does not exceed 50%.  We may exceed the 50% limit if a majority of the conflicts committee approves each borrowing in excess of this limitation and we disclose such borrowing to our stockholders in our next quarterly report with an explanation from the conflicts committee of the justification for the excess borrowing. There is no limitation on the amount we may borrow for the purchase of any single asset.
 
Except with respect to the 50% borrowing limit referenced above, we may reevaluate and change our debt policy in the future without a stockholder vote.  Factors that we would consider when reevaluating or changing our debt policy include: then-current economic conditions, the relative cost of debt and equity capital, any acquisition opportunities, the ability of our properties and other investments to generate sufficient cash flow to cover debt service requirements and other similar factors.
 
 
How will you structure the ownership and operation of your assets?
 
We plan to own substantially all of our assets and conduct our operations through Rich Uncles Operating Partnership, which we refer to as our “Operating Partnership” in this prospectus. We are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and, as of the date of this prospectus, our advisor was its sole limited partner. Because we plan to conduct substantially all of our operations through the Operating Partnership, we are considered an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust, or UPREIT.
 
Using an UPREIT structure may give us an advantage in acquiring properties from persons who might not otherwise sell their properties because of unfavorable tax results. Generally, a sale of property directly to a REIT, or a contribution in exchange for REIT shares, is a taxable transaction to the selling property owner. However, in an UPREIT structure, a seller of a property who desires to defer taxable gain on the sale of property may transfer the property to the operating partnership in exchange for limited partnership units in the operating partnership without recognizing gain for tax purposes.
 
We intend to solicit the shareholders and limited partners of Rich Uncles I to become partners in the Operating Partnership.  We believe that this would be beneficial to the Company in that it would have an initial asset base under ownership that generates current cash flow.
 
We intend to present our financial statements and operating partnership income, expenses and depreciation on a consolidated basis within our Operating Partnership. All items of income, gain, deduction (including depreciation), loss and credit flow through the Operating Partnership to us as all subsidiary entities are disregarded for federal tax purposes. These tax items do not generally flow through us to our stockholders. Rather, our net income and net capital gain effectively flow through us to our stockholders as and when we pay distributions.

What conflicts of interest do your advisor and sponsor face?
 
Our advisor, sponsor and their affiliates will experience conflicts of interest in connection with the management of our business.  Our advisor is wholly owned by our sponsor.  Mr. Wirta is Chairman of our sponsor and Mr. Hofer is Chief Executive Officer of our sponsor.  Messrs. Wirta and Hofer are also significant shareholders in our sponsor. Some of the material conflicts that our advisor, sponsor and their affiliates will face include the following:

 
Our sponsor and its affiliates will have to allocate their time between us and other real estate programs and activities in which they are involved;
 
The negotiation of any fees paid to Rich Uncles or any of their affiliates will not be at arm’s length, although the REIT’s board of directors, a majority of which are independent directors, must approve the advisor and sponsor’s fees; and
 
Either our independent directors (by majority vote) or Rich Uncles may terminate the advisory agreement without penalty upon 60 days’ written notice and, upon termination of the advisory agreement, Rich Uncles may be entitled to a termination fee if (based upon an independent appraised value of the portfolio) it would have been entitled to a subordinated participation in net cash flows had the portfolio been liquidated on the termination date.

If I buy shares, will I receive distributions and how often?
 
We intend to pay distributions on a monthly basis. The rate is determined by our board of directors based on our financial condition and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant. Our board of directors has not pre-established a percentage range of return for distributions to stockholders. We have not established a minimum distribution level, and our charter does not require that we make distributions to our stockholders.
 
Generally, our policy is to pay distributions from cash flow from operations. Our advisor and/or sponsor, at their sole election, may defer reimbursements and fees otherwise due to them to pay dividends.  Any such deferred reimbursements and fees will not be interest-bearing and will be paid as and when determined by our board of directors.  Our distribution policy is not to use the proceeds of our public offerings to pay distributions but rather from cash flow from operations and, as elected solely by our advisor and/or sponsor, from deferred reimbursements and fees. Our operating performance cannot be accurately predicted and may deteriorate in the future due to numerous factors, including those discussed under Risk Factors in this prospectus.  In the event our cash flow from operations decrease in the future, the level of our distributions may also decrease. In addition, our board of directors could elect to pay future distributions in excess of then-current cash flow from operations.
 
 
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must make aggregate annual distributions to our stockholders of at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which is computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP). If we meet the REIT qualification requirements, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the income that we distribute to our stockholders each year. See Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of Rich Uncles REIT—Annual Distribution Requirements, page 64 . Our board of directors may authorize distributions in excess of those required for us to maintain REIT status depending on our financial condition and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant.

May I reinvest my distributions in shares of Rich Uncles REIT?
 
Yes. You may participate in our dividend reinvestment plan by checking the appropriate box on the subscription agreement or by filling out an enrollment form we will provide to you at your request. Common stockholders may elect to have all or a portion of their dividends and other distributions reinvested in additional shares of our common stock in lieu of receiving cash distributions.
 
Participants in the dividend reinvestment plan will acquire our common stock at a price per share equal to $10.00 per share or the most recently published net asset value, or “NAV”, per share.
 
We may amend or terminate our dividend reinvestment plan for any reason at any time upon ten days’ notice to the participants. We may provide notice by including such information (i) in a Current Report on Form 8-K or in our annual or quarterly reports, all publicly filed with the SEC or (ii) in a separate mailing to the participants.

Will you register as an investment company?
 
We intend to conduct our operations so that neither we nor any of our subsidiaries will be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the Investment Company Act. See Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure, page 15 .
 
What kind of offering is this?
 
We are offering up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock on a “best efforts” basis including pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan at a price currently equal to $10.00 per share or at a price equal to a later-determined NAV.  When shares are offered on a “best efforts” basis, the offeror is required to use only its best efforts to sell the shares and it has no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the shares. Therefore, we may not sell all of the shares that we are offering.
 
Our board of directors will adjust the offering price of the shares during the course of the offering on an annual basis, to equal NAV per share, commencing January 1, 2017.

How will you use the proceeds raised in this offering?
 
The following table sets forth information about how we intend to use the proceeds raised in this offering assuming that we sell the maximum of 100,000,000 shares of common stock. Many of the amounts set forth below represent management’s best estimate since they cannot be precisely calculated at this time. We will use no less than 97% of the gross proceeds from this offering for investments, including costs and fees associated with such investments a portion of which may be payable to our advisor and/or sponsor.  We will use the remainder of the gross proceeds from this primary offering to pay offering expenses.  We expect to use substantially all of the net proceeds from the sale of shares under our dividend reinvestment plan for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to: the repurchase of shares under our share repurchase program; capital expenditures, tenant improvement costs and leasing costs related to our real estate properties; reserves required by any financings of our real estate investments; the acquisition of real estate investments, which would include payment of acquisition fees to our advisor; and the repayment of debt. We cannot predict with any certainty how much, if any, dividend reinvestment plan proceeds will be available for specific purposes. To the extent proceeds from our dividend reinvestment plan are used for investments in real estate properties and real estate-related assets, sales under our dividend reinvestment plan will result in greater fee income for our advisor because of acquisition fees and other fees. See Compensation, page 39 .
 
 
Note that our board of directors will adjust the offering price of shares during the course of this offering to be equal to NAV per share.
 
   
Minimum Offering
   
Maximum Offering
   
Percent
 
Gross offering proceeds
  $ 100,000     $ 1,000,000,000       100 %
                         
Selling commissions
    -       -       -  
Organization and Offering Expenses
    3,000       30,000,000       3 %
Investment in properties
    97,000       970,000,000       97 %

Our sponsor has invested the minimum offering amount of $100,000 in the REIT.

How long will this offering last?
 
The offering has no termination date and is open-ended.  We may need to renew the registration of this offering annually with certain states in which we expect to offer and sell shares.  We reserve the right to reallocate the shares offered among classes of shares and between our primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan.
 
We may terminate this primary offering or our dividend reinvestment plan offering at any time.

Who can buy shares?
 
An investment in our shares is suitable only for persons who have adequate financial means and who will not need immediate liquidity from their investment. Residents of most states may buy shares in this offering provided that they have either (i) a net worth of at least $70,000 and an annual gross income of at least $70,000 or (ii) a net worth of at least $250,000. For the purpose of determining suitability, net worth does not include an investor’s home, home furnishings or personal automobiles. The minimum suitability standards are more stringent for investors in Alabama, California, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nebraska, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Tennessee.   See Suitability Standards, immediately following the cover page of this prospectus.

Who might benefit from an investment in our shares?
 
An investment in our shares may be beneficial for you if you meet the minimum suitability standards described in this prospectus, seek to diversify your personal portfolio with a real estate-based investment, seek to receive current income, seek to preserve capital, and seek to obtain the benefits of potential long-term capital appreciation.

Is there any minimum investment required?
 
Yes. You must initially invest at least $500 in our shares to be eligible to participate in this offering. If you have satisfied the applicable minimum purchase requirement, any additional purchase must be in amounts of at least $50. The investment minimum for subsequent purchases does not apply to shares purchased pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan.
 
Are there any special restrictions on the ownership or transfer of shares?
 
Yes. Our charter contains restrictions on the ownership of our shares that prevent any one person from owning more than 9.8% of our aggregate outstanding shares unless exempted by our board of directors. These restrictions are designed to enable us to comply with ownership restrictions imposed on REITs by the Internal Revenue Code.
 
Are there any special considerations that apply to employee benefit plans subject to ERISA or other retirement plans that are investing in shares?
 
Yes. The section of this prospectus entitled “ERISA Considerations” describes the effect the purchase of shares will have on individual retirement accounts and retirement plans subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and/or the Internal Revenue Code. ERISA is a federal law that regulates the operation of certain tax-advantaged retirement plans. Any retirement plan trustee or individual considering purchasing shares for a retirement plan or an individual retirement account should carefully read that section of the prospectus.
 
 
5

 
We may make some investments that generate “excess inclusion income” which, when passed through to our tax-exempt stockholders, can be taxed as unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) or, in certain circumstances, can result in a tax being imposed on us. Although we do not expect the amount of such income to be significant, there can be no assurance in this regard.

May I make an investment through my IRA, SEP or other tax-deferred account?
 
Yes. You may make an investment through your individual retirement account (“IRA”), a simplified employee pension (“SEP”) plan or other tax-deferred account. In making these investment decisions, you should consider, at a minimum, (i) whether the investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing your IRA, plan or other account; (ii) whether the investment is consistent with the fiduciary and other obligations associated with your IRA, plan or other account; (iii) whether the investment will generate an unacceptable amount of UBTI for your IRA, plan or other account; (iv) whether you will be able to comply with the requirements under ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code to value the assets of the IRA, plan or other account annually; and (v) whether the investment would constitute a prohibited transaction under applicable law.

How do I subscribe for shares?
 
If you choose to purchase shares in this offering, you will need to complete and sign a subscription agreement on the RichUncles.com internet platform or alternatively in the form attached to this prospectus as Appendix B for a specific number of shares and pay for the shares at the time of your subscription.

If I buy shares in this offering, how may I sell them later?
 
We provide a share repurchase program for shareholders who wish to sell their shares.  The share repurchase price is the most recently published NAV (and if none, then $10.00 per share) less an administrative charge of 3% the share repurchase price proceeds if the shares are owned for less than one year, and 2% thereafter.  Shareholders who wish to avail themselves of the share repurchase program must notify us by the 5 th day of the month for their shares to be repurchased by the 5 th day of the following month.  The share repurchase program provides that share repurchases may be funded by (a) dividend reinvestment proceeds, (b) the prior or future sale of shares, (c) indebtedness, including a Company line of credit and traditional mortgage financing, and (d) asset sales.
 
However, we will only repurchase shares if, the opinion of our advisor, we have sufficient reserves with which to repurchase shares and at the same time maintain our then-current plan of operation.  Our board may amend, suspend or terminate our share repurchase program upon 30 days’ notice to stockholders.
 
Will I be notified of how my investment is doing?
 
Yes, we will provide you with periodic updates on the performance of your investment in us, including:
 
 
quarterly financial reports;
 
 
an annual report; and
 
 
supplements to the prospectus.
 
We will provide this information to you via one or more of the following methods, in our discretion and with your consent, if necessary: posting on our website and on your personal dashboard on our website at www.RichUncles.com , U.S. mail or other courier; electronic delivery; or in a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.  Additional information can also be found on our website or on the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov.
 
When will I get my detailed tax information?
 
Your Form 1099-DIV tax information will be mailed by January 31 of each year.
 
 
6


Who can help answer my questions about this offering?
 
If you have more questions about this offering, please contact:
 
RICH UNCLES REIT, Inc.
 
3080 Bristol Street, Suite 550
Costa Mesa, CA 92626
(855) 742-4862
https://www.RichUncles.com

You can also submit your inquiries to us at info@RichUncles.com.
 
 
 
 
 
7

 
RISK FACTORS
 
Investing in our common stock involves certain risks. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, and those contained in any supplement to this prospectus, and all other information contained in this prospectus as supplemented before purchasing our common stock. If any of the following risks were to occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In these circumstances, the value of our common stock may decline, and you could lose some or all of your investment.
 
Risks Related to an Investment in Our Common Stock
 
We have no prior operating history or established financing sources, and the prior performance of real estate investment programs sponsored by affiliates of our sponsor may not be an indication of our future results.
 
This is an initial public offering; we have no prior operating history, and you should not rely upon the past performance of other real estate investment programs sponsored by affiliates of our sponsor to predict our future results. We were incorporated in the State of Maryland on May 14, 2015. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not made any investments in real estate or otherwise and do not own any properties or have any operations or independent financing. The prior performance of real estate investment programs sponsored by affiliates of our sponsor may not be indicative of our future results.
You should consider our prospects in light of the risks, uncertainties and difficulties frequently encountered by companies that are, like us, in their early stage of development. To be successful in this market, we must, among other things:
 
•  
identify and acquire investments that further our investment objectives;
 
•  
increase awareness of the “Rich Uncles REIT, Inc.” name within the investment products market;
 
•  
attract, integrate, motivate and retain qualified personnel to manage our day-to-day operations;
 
•  
respond to competition for our targeted real estate properties and other investments as well as for potential investors; and
 
•  
continue to build and expand our operational structure to support our business.
 
We cannot guarantee that we will succeed in achieving these goals, and our failure to do so could cause you to lose all or a portion of your investment.

We may be unable to pay or maintain cash distributions or increase distributions over time.
 
There are many factors that can affect the availability and timing of cash distributions to stockholders. Distributions will be based principally on distribution expectations of our potential investors and cash available from our operations. The amount of cash available for distribution will be affected by many factors, such as our ability to buy properties as offering proceeds become available and our operating expense levels, as well as many other variables. Actual cash available for distribution may vary substantially from estimates. We cannot assure you that we will be able to pay or maintain distributions or that distributions will increase over time, nor can we give any assurance that rents from the properties will increase, or that future acquisitions of real properties will increase our cash available for distribution to stockholders. For a description of the factors that can affect the availability and timing of cash distributions to stockholders, see Description of Shares — Distributions.
 
This is a “best efforts” offering. If we are unable to raise substantial funds, we will be limited in the number and type of investments we may make, and the value of your investment will fluctuate with the performance of the specific properties we acquire.
 
This offering is being made on a “best efforts” basis, meaning that we are only required to use our best efforts to sell our shares and have no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the shares. As a result, the amount of proceeds we raise in this offering may be substantially less than the amount we would need to achieve a broadly diversified property portfolio. We may be unable to raise even the minimum offering amount. If we are unable to raise substantially more than the minimum offering amount, we will make fewer investments resulting in less diversification in terms of the number of investments owned, the types of investments that we make, and the geographic regions in which our investments are located. In such event, the likelihood of our profitability being affected by the performance of any one of our investments will increase. Additionally, we are not limited in the number or size of our investments or the percentage of net proceeds we may dedicate to a single investment. Your investment in our shares will be subject to greater risk to the extent that we lack a diversified portfolio of investments. Further, we will have certain relatively fixed third party expenses such as legal, tax and audit, regardless of whether we are able to raise substantial funds in this offering. Our inability to raise substantial funds could increase our fixed third party expenses as a percentage of gross income, potentially reducing our net income and cash flow and potentially limiting our ability to make distributions.
 
 
We face significant competition for real estate investment opportunities, which may limit our ability to acquire suitable investments and achieve our investment objectives or pay distributions.
 
We face competition from various entities for real estate investment opportunities, including other REITs, pension funds, banks and insurance companies, investment funds and companies, partnerships and developers. Many of these entities have substantially greater financial resources than we do and may be able to accept more risk than we can prudently manage, including risks with respect to the creditworthiness of a tenant or the geographic location of their investments. Competition from these entities may reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to us or increase the bargaining power of property owners seeking to sell. Additionally, disruptions and dislocations in the credit markets could impact the cost and availability of debt to finance real estate investments, which is a key component of our acquisition strategy. A downturn in the credit markets and a potential lack of available debt could result in a further reduction of suitable investment opportunities and create a competitive advantage for other entities that have greater financial resources than we do. In addition, the number of entities and the amount of funds competing for suitable investments may increase. If we acquire investments at higher prices and/or by using less-than-ideal capital structures, our returns will be lower and the value of our assets may not appreciate or may decrease significantly below the amount we paid for such assets. If such events occur, our stockholders may experience a lower return on their investment.
 
If we are unable to find suitable investments, we may not be able to achieve our investment objectives or pay distributions.
 
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives and to pay distributions depends upon the performance of our advisor in the acquisition of our investments, including the determination of any financing arrangements. We are also subject to competition in seeking to acquire real estate-related investments. The more shares we sell in this offering, the greater our challenge will be to invest the net offering proceeds on attractive terms. Our investors must rely entirely on the management abilities of our advisor and the oversight of our board of directors. We can give no assurance that our advisor will be successful in obtaining suitable investments on financially attractive terms or that, if our advisor makes investments on our behalf, our objectives will be achieved. If we, through our advisor, are unable to find suitable investments promptly, we will hold the proceeds from this offering in an interest-bearing account or invest the proceeds in short-term assets. In the event we are unable to timely locate suitable investments, we may be unable or limited in our ability to pay distributions and we may not be able to meet our investment objectives.
 
If we raise substantial offering proceeds in a short period of time, we may not be able to invest all of the net offering proceeds promptly, which may cause our distributions and the long-term returns to our stockholders to be lower than they otherwise would.
 
We could suffer from delays in locating suitable investments. The more shares we sell in this offering, the more difficult it will be to invest the net offering proceeds promptly and on attractive terms. Therefore, the large size of this offering increases the risk of delays in investing our net offering proceeds. Our reliance on our advisor and the real estate and debt finance professionals that our advisor retains to identify suitable investments for us at times when such persons are simultaneously seeking to identify suitable investments for other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs or Rich Uncles-advised investors could also delay the investment of the proceeds of this offering. See Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest, page 13 .  Delays we encounter in the selection, acquisition and development of income-producing properties or the acquisition of other real estate investments would likely limit our ability to pay distributions to you and reduce your overall returns.
 
We are an “emerging growth company” under the federal securities laws and will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements.
 
In April 2012, President Obama signed into law the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or the JOBS Act. We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from, or reduced disclosure obligations relating to, various reporting requirements that are normally applicable to public companies.  We could remain an “emerging growth company” for up to five years, or until the earliest of (1) the last day of the first fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of $1 billion or more, (2) December 31 of the fiscal year that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act (which would occur if the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million, measured as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and we have been publicly reporting for at least 12 months) or (3) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three year period. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies are not required to (1) provide an auditor’s attestation report on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (2) comply with new requirements adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, which require mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report in which the auditor must provide additional information about the audit and the issuer’s financial statements, (3) comply with new audit rules adopted by the PCAOB after April 5, 2012 (unless the SEC determines otherwise), (4) provide certain disclosures relating to executive compensation generally required for larger public companies or (5) hold shareholder advisory votes on executive compensation. If we take advantage of any of these exemptions, we do not know if some investors will find our common stock less attractive as a result.
 
 
Additionally, the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” may take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies. This means an “emerging growth company” can delay adopting certain accounting standards until such standards are otherwise applicable to private companies. However, we are electing to “opt out” of such extended transition period, and will therefore comply with new or revised accounting standards on the applicable dates on which the adoption of such standards are required for non-emerging growth companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that our decision to opt out of such extended transition period for compliance with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.
 
Disruptions in the financial markets and uncertain economic conditions could adversely affect market rental rates, commercial real estate values and our ability to secure debt financing, service future debt obligations, or pay distributions to our stockholders.
 
Currently, both the investing and leasing environments are highly competitive. While there has been an increase in the amount of capital flowing into the U.S. real estate markets, which resulted in an increase in real estate values in certain markets, the uncertainty regarding the economic environment has made businesses reluctant to make long-term commitments or changes in their business plans.
 
We plan to rely on debt financing to finance our real estate properties and we may have difficulty refinancing some of our debt obligations prior to or at maturity or we may not be able to refinance these obligations at terms as favorable as the terms of our initial indebtedness and we also may be unable to obtain additional debt financing on attractive terms or at all. If we are not able to refinance our initial indebtedness on attractive terms at the various maturity dates, we may be forced to dispose of some of our assets. Recent financial market conditions have improved from the bottom of the economic cycle, but material risks are still present. Market conditions can change quickly, which could negatively impact the value of our assets.
 
Disruptions in the financial markets and continued uncertain economic conditions could adversely affect the values of our investments. Lending activity only recently increased; however, it remains uncertain whether the capital markets can sustain the current transaction levels. Furthermore, declining economic conditions could negatively impact commercial real estate fundamentals and result in lower occupancy, lower rental rates and declining values in our real estate portfolio and in the collateral securing our loan investments, which could have the following negative effects on us:
 
 
the values of our investments in commercial properties could decrease below the amounts paid for such investments; and/or
 
 
revenues from our properties could decrease due to fewer tenants and/or lower rental rates, making it more difficult for us to pay distributions or meet our debt service obligations on debt financing.
 
 
All of these factors could reduce our stockholders’ return and decrease the value of an investment in us.
 
Because our stockholders will not have the opportunity to evaluate the investments we may make before we make them, we are considered to be a blind pool. We may make investments with which our stockholders do not agree.
 
As of June 20, 2015, we had not identified any real estate investments that it is reasonably probable that we will acquire or originate with the proceeds from this offering. As a result, we are not able to provide you with any information to assist you in evaluating the merits of any specific assets that we may acquire. We will seek to invest substantially all of the net proceeds from our primary public offerings, after the payment of fees and expenses, in real estate investments. Our board of directors and our advisor have broad discretion when identifying, evaluating and making such investments. You will have no opportunity to evaluate the transaction terms or other financial or operational data concerning specific investments before we invest in them. Furthermore, our board of directors will have broad discretion in implementing policies regarding tenant  creditworthiness and you will likewise have no opportunity to evaluate potential tenants. As a result, you must rely on our board of directors and our advisor to identify and evaluate our investment opportunities, and they may not be able to achieve our business objectives, may make unwise decisions or may make investments with which you do not agree.
 
If we fail to diversify our investment portfolio, downturns relating to certain geographic regions, industries or business sectors may have a more significant adverse impact on our assets and our ability to pay distributions than if we had a diversified investment portfolio.
 
While we intend to diversify our portfolio of investments in the manner described in this prospectus, we are not required to observe specific diversification criteria. Therefore, our investments may at times be concentrated in a limited number of geographic locations, or secured by assets concentrated in a limited number of geographic locations. To the extent that our portfolio is concentrated in limited geographic regions, industries or business sectors, downturns relating generally to such region, industry or business sector may result in defaults on a number of our investments within a short time period, which may reduce our net income and the value of our common stock and accordingly limit our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
 
 
Any adverse economic or real estate developments in our target markets could adversely affect our operating results and our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
 
Because we depend upon our advisor and its affiliates to conduct our operations, adverse changes in the financial health of our advisor or its affiliates could cause our operations to suffer.
 
We depend on our advisor to manage our operations and our portfolio of assets. Our advisor depends upon the fees and other compensation that it receives from us and any future Rich Uncles-affiliated programs that it advises in connection with the purchase, management and sale of assets to conduct its operations. Any adverse changes to our relationship with, or the financial condition of, our advisor and its affiliates, could hinder their ability to successfully manage our operations and our portfolio of investments.
 
We may not be successful in conducting this offering, which would adversely impact our ability to implement our investment strategy.
 
The success of this offering, and our ability to implement our business strategy, depends upon our ability to sell our shares to investors. All investors have a choice of numerous competing real estate investment trust offerings, many with similar investment objectives, to invest in, which may make selling our shares to such investors more difficult. If we are not successful in growing, operating and managing this process, our ability to raise proceeds through this offering will be limited and we may not have adequate capital to implement our investment strategy.
 
The loss of or the inability to retain or obtain key real estate professionals at our advisor could delay or hinder implementation of our investment strategies, which could limit our ability to make distributions and decrease the value of an investment in our shares.
 
Our success depends to a significant degree upon the contributions of Messrs. Hofer and Wirta, each of whom would be difficult to replace. Neither we nor our affiliates have employment agreements with these individuals and they may not remain associated with us, our advisor or its affiliates. If any of these persons were to cease their association with us, our advisor or its affiliates, we may be unable to find suitable replacements and our operating results could suffer as a result. We do not intend to maintain key person life insurance on any person. We believe that our future success depends, in large part, upon our advisor’s and its affiliates’ ability to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, operational and marketing professionals. Competition for such professionals is intense, and our advisor and its affiliates may be unsuccessful in attracting and retaining such skilled professionals. If we lose or are unable to obtain the services of highly skilled professionals, our ability to implement our investment strategies could be delayed or hindered.
 
Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to recover claims against our independent directors are limited, which could reduce our stockholders’ and our recovery against our independent directors if they negligently cause us to incur losses.
 
Maryland law provides that a director has no liability in that capacity if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. Our charter provides that none of our independent directors shall be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages and that we will generally indemnify them for losses unless they are grossly negligent or engage in willful misconduct. As a result, you and we may have more limited rights against our independent directors than might otherwise exist under common law, which could reduce your and our recovery from these persons if they act in a negligent manner. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our independent directors (as well as by our other directors, officers, employees (if we ever have employees) and agents) in some cases, which would decrease the cash otherwise available for distribution to you.
 
 
We may change our targeted investments without stockholder consent.
 
We initially intend to invest in single-tenant income-producing corporate properties which are leased to credit worthy tenants under long-term net leases; however, we may make adjustments to our target portfolio based on real estate market conditions and investment opportunities, and we may change our targeted investments and investment guidelines at any time without the consent of our stockholders, which could result in our making investments that are different from, and possibly riskier than, the investments described in this prospectus. A change in our targeted investments or investment guidelines may increase our exposure to interest rate risk, default risk and real estate market fluctuations, all of which could adversely affect the value of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. We will not forego a good investment because it does not precisely fit our expected portfolio composition. We believe that we are most likely to meet our investment objectives through the careful selection and underwriting of assets. When making an acquisition, we will emphasize the performance and risk characteristics of that investment, how that investment will fit with our portfolio-level performance objectives, the other assets in our portfolio and how the returns and risks of that investment compare to the returns and risks of available investment alternatives. Thus, to the extent that our advisor presents us with what we believe to be good investment opportunities that allow us to meet the REIT requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, our portfolio composition may vary from what we initially expect. However, we will attempt to construct a portfolio that produces stable and attractive returns by spreading risk across different real estate investments.
 
The offering price per share of our common stock may not reflect the value that stockholders will receive for their investment.
 
As with any valuation methodology, the methodologies we use are based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that may not be accurate or complete. Different parties using different assumptions and estimates could derive a different estimated NAV per share of our common stock, and these differences could be significant. The estimated NAV per share is not audited and does not represent the fair value of our assets less the fair value of our liabilities according to GAAP, nor does it represent a liquidation value of our assets and liabilities or the price at which our shares of common stock would trade on a national securities exchange. The estimated NAV per share does not reflect a discount for the fact that we are externally managed, nor does it reflect a real estate portfolio premium/discount versus the sum of the individual property values. The estimated NAV per share also does not take into account estimated disposition costs and fees for real estate properties that are not held for sale, debt prepayment penalties that could apply upon the prepayment of certain of our debt obligations, the impact of restrictions on the assumption of debt or swap breakage fees that may be incurred upon the termination of certain of our swaps prior to expiration.
 
Accordingly, with respect to our estimated NAV per share and our annually updated offering price, we can give no assurance that:
 
 
a stockholder would ultimately realize distributions per share equal to our estimated NAV per share upon a sale of our company;
 
 
our shares of common stock would trade at our estimated NAV per share on a national securities exchange;
 
 
a third party would offer our estimated NAV per share in an arm’s-length transaction to purchase all or substantially all of our shares of common stock;
 
 
another independent third-party appraiser or third-party valuation firm would agree with our estimated NAV per share; or
 
 
the methodology used to determine our estimated NAV per share would be acceptable for compliance with ERISA reporting requirements.
 
The NAV of our shares will fluctuate over time in response to developments related to the capital raised during our offering stage, future investments, the performance of individual assets in our portfolio and the management of those assets and the real estate and finance markets.
 
 
Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest
 
Our advisor, sponsor and their affiliates, including all of our executive officers and our affiliated directors and other key real estate professionals, face conflicts of interest caused by their compensation arrangements with us and with other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs, which could result in actions that are not in the long-term best interests of our stockholders.
 
Most of our executive officers and our affiliated directors and other key real estate professionals are also officers, directors, managers, key professionals and/or holders of a direct or indirect controlling interest in our advisor, sponsor and/or other Rich Uncles-affiliated entities. Our advisor sponsor and their affiliates receive substantial fees from us. These fees could influence our advisor’s advice to us as well as the judgment of its affiliates. Among other matters, these compensation arrangements could affect their judgment with respect to:
 
 
the continuation, renewal or enforcement of our agreements with our advisor and its affiliates, including the advisory agreement;
 
 
sales of real estate investments, which entitle our advisor to disposition fees;
 
 
acquisitions of real estate investments, which entitle our advisor to acquisition fees based on the cost of the investment and asset management fees based on the cost of the investment, and not based on the quality of the investment or the quality of the services rendered to us, which may influence our advisor to recommend riskier transactions to us and/or transactions that are not in our best interest and, in the case of acquisitions of investments from other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs, which might entitle affiliates of our advisor to disposition fees and possible subordinated incentive fees in connection with its services for the seller;
 
 
borrowings to acquire real estate investments, which borrowings will increase the acquisition fees and asset management fees payable to our advisor;
 
 
whether and when we seek to list our shares of common stock on a national securities exchange, which listing may make it more likely for us to become self-managed or internalize our management and which could also adversely affect the sales efforts for other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs, depending on the price at which our shares trade; and
 
 
whether we seek to sell the company, which sale could terminate the asset management fee.
 
Our advisor, sponsor and its affiliates face conflicts of interest relating to the acquisition of assets due to their relationship with other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs and Rich Uncles-advised investors, which could result in decisions that are not in our best interest or the best interests of our stockholders.
 
We rely on our advisor, sponsor and other key real estate professionals at our advisor, including Messrs. Hofer and Wirta, to identify suitable investment opportunities for us. Rich Uncles REIT I is advised by our sponsor and relies on many of the same real estate professionals as will future Rich Uncles-affiliated programs advised by our advisor. As such, we and the other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs, and Rich Uncles-advised investors rely on many of the same real estate professionals, as will future Rich Uncles-affiliated programs and Rich Uncles-advised investors. Many investment opportunities that are suitable for us may also be suitable for other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs and Rich Uncles-advised investors. When these real estate professionals direct an investment opportunity to any Rich Uncles-affiliated program or Rich Uncles-advised investor they, in their sole discretion, will offer the opportunity to the program or investor for which the investment opportunity is most suitable based on the investment objectives, portfolio and criteria of each program or investor. Our acquisition stage may overlap with future Rich Uncles-affiliated programs and Rich Uncles-advised investors.
 
For so long as we are externally advised, our charter provides that it shall not be a proper purpose of the corporation for us to make any significant investment unless our advisor has recommended the investment to us. Thus, the real estate professionals of our advisor could direct attractive investment opportunities to other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs or Rich Uncles-advised investors. Such events could result in us investing in properties that provide less attractive returns, which would reduce the level of distributions we may be able to pay you.
 
We and other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs and Rich Uncles-advised investors also rely on these real estate professionals to supervise the management of investments. If the Rich Uncles team of real estate professionals directs creditworthy prospective tenants to properties owned by another Rich Uncles-affiliated program or Rich Uncles-advised investor when it could direct such tenants to our properties, our tenant base may have more inherent risk and our properties’ occupancy may be lower than might otherwise be the case.
 
 
Further, existing and future Rich Uncles-affiliated programs and Rich Uncles-advised investors and Messrs. Hofer and Wirta generally are not and will not be prohibited from engaging, directly or indirectly, in any business or from possessing interests in any other business venture or ventures, including businesses and ventures involved in the acquisition, development, ownership, leasing or sale of real estate-related investments.
 
Our officers, our advisor, our sponsor, and the real estate, debt finance, management and accounting professionals assembled by our advisor face competing demands on their time and this may cause our operations and our stockholders’ investment in us to suffer.
 
We rely on our officers, our advisor, our sponsor and the real estate, debt finance, management and accounting professionals that our advisor retains, including Messrs. Hofer and Wirta, to provide services to us for the day-to-day operation of our business. Rich Uncles REIT I is also advised by Rich Uncles and relies on our sponsor and many of the same real estate, debt finance, management and accounting professionals, as will future Rich Uncles-affiliated programs and Rich Uncles-advised investors. Further, our officers and affiliated directors are also officers and/or affiliated directors of some or all of the other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs. Messrs. Hofer and Wirta are also executive officers of Rich Uncles REIT I and Rich Uncles. As a result of their interests in other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs, their obligations to Rich Uncles-advised investors and the fact that they engage in and will continue to engage in other business activities on behalf of themselves and others, Messrs. Hofer and Wirta face conflicts of interest in allocating their time among us, Rich Uncles REIT I, other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs and other Rich Uncles-advised investors, as well as other business activities in which they are involved. During times of intense activity in other programs and ventures, these individuals may devote less time and fewer resources to our business than are necessary or appropriate to manage our business. Furthermore, some or all of these individuals may become employees of another Rich Uncles-affiliated program in an internalization transaction or, if we internalize our advisor, may not become our employees as a result of their relationship with other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs. If these events occur, the returns on our investments, and the value of your investment in us, may decline.
 
All of our executive officers, our affiliated directors and the key real estate professionals assembled by our advisor face conflicts of interest related to their positions and/or interests in our advisor, our sponsor and their affiliates, which could hinder our ability to implement our business strategy and to generate returns to our stockholders.
 
Most of our executive officers, our affiliated directors and the key real estate professionals assembled by our advisor are also executive officers, directors, managers, key professionals and/or holders of a direct or indirect controlling interest in our advisor, our sponsor, and/or other Rich Uncles-affiliated entities. As a result, they owe fiduciary duties to each of these entities, their members and these investors, which fiduciary duties may from time to time conflict with the fiduciary duties that they owe to us and our stockholders. Their loyalties to these other entities and investors could result in action or inaction that is detrimental to our business, which could harm the implementation of our business strategy and our investment and leasing opportunities. Further, Messrs. Hofer and Wirta and existing and future Rich Uncles-affiliated programs and Rich Uncles-advised investors generally are not and will not be prohibited from engaging, directly or indirectly, in any business or from possessing interests in any other business venture or ventures, including businesses and ventures involved in the acquisition, development, ownership, leasing or sale of real estate investments. If we do not successfully implement our business strategy, we may be unable to generate the cash needed to make distributions to our stockholders and to maintain or increase the value of our assets.
 
Because other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs may conduct offerings concurrently with our offering, our advisor and our sponsor may face potential conflicts of interest arising from competition among us and these other programs for investors and investment capital, and such conflicts may not be resolved in our favor.
 
Future Rich Uncles-affiliated programs may seek to raise capital through offerings conducted concurrently with this offering. As a result, our advisor may face conflicts of interest arising from potential competition with these other programs for investors and investment capital. Our sponsor generally seeks to avoid simultaneous offerings by programs that have a substantially similar mix of investment characteristics, including key investment objectives. Nevertheless, there may be periods during which one or more Rich Uncles-affiliated programs will be raising capital and may compete with us for investment capital. Such conflicts may not be resolved in our favor and our stockholders will not have the opportunity to evaluate the manner in which these conflicts of interest are resolved before or after making an investment in our shares.
 
 
Our board of directors’ loyalties to Rich Uncles REIT I and possibly to future Rich Uncles-affiliated programs could influence its judgment, resulting in actions that may not be in our stockholders’ best interest or that result in a disproportionate benefit to another Rich Uncles-affiliated program at our expense.
 
Most of our directors are also directors of Rich Uncles REIT I. The loyalties of our directors serving on the board of directors of Rich Uncles REIT I, or possibly on the boards of directors of future Rich Uncles-affiliated programs, may influence the judgment of our board of directors when considering issues for us that also may affect other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs, such as the following:
 
 
The conflicts committee of our board of directors must evaluate the performance of our advisor with respect to whether our advisor is presenting to us our fair share of investment opportunities. If our advisor is not presenting a sufficient number of investment opportunities to us because it is presenting many opportunities to other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs or if our advisor is giving preferential treatment to other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs in this regard, our conflicts committee may not be well-suited to enforce our rights under the terms of the advisory agreement or to seek a new advisor.
 
 
We could enter into transactions with other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs, such as property sales, acquisitions or financing arrangements. Such transactions might entitle our advisor or its affiliates to fees and other compensation from both parties to the transaction. For example, acquisitions from other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs might entitle our advisor or its affiliates to disposition fees and possible subordinated incentive fees in connection with its services for the seller in addition to acquisition fees and other fees that we might pay to our advisor in connection with such transaction. Similarly, property sales to other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs might entitle our advisor or its affiliates to acquisition fees in connection with its services to the purchaser in addition to disposition and other fees that we might pay to our advisor in connection with such transaction. Decisions of our board or the conflicts committee regarding the terms of those transactions may be influenced by our board’s or the conflicts committee’s loyalties to such other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs.
 
 
A decision of our board or the conflicts committee regarding the timing of a debt or equity offering could be influenced by concerns that the offering would compete with offerings of other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs.
 
 
A decision of our board or the conflicts committee regarding the timing of property sales could be influenced by concerns that the sales would compete with those of other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs.
 
 
A decision of our board or the conflicts committee regarding whether and when we seek to list our common stock on a national securities exchange could be influenced by concerns that such listing could adversely affect the sales efforts of other Rich Uncles-affiliated programs, depending on the price at which our shares trade.
 
Because our independent directors are also independent directors of Rich Uncles REIT I, they receive compensation for service on the board of Rich Uncles REIT I. Like us, Rich Uncles REIT I pays each independent director $1,000 per meeting attended (including via email or telephone).  In addition, like us, Rich Uncles REIT I reimburses directors for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings of its board of directors.
 
Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure
 
Our charter limits the number of shares a person may own and permits our board of directors to issue stock with terms that may subordinate the rights of our common stockholders or discourage a third party from acquiring us in a manner that could result in a premium price to our stockholders.
 
Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. To help us comply with the REIT ownership requirements of the Internal Revenue Code, our charter prohibits a person from directly or constructively owning more than 9.8% of our outstanding shares, unless exempted by our board of directors. In addition, our board of directors may classify or reclassify any unissued common stock or preferred stock and establish the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of repurchase of any such stock. Thus, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of preferred stock with priority as to distributions and amounts payable upon liquidation over the rights of the holders of our common stock. These charter provisions may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price to holders of our common stock.
 
 
Your investment return may be reduced if we are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act; if we or our subsidiaries become an unregistered investment company, we could not continue our business.
 
Neither we nor any of our subsidiaries intend to register as investment companies under the Investment Company Act. If we or our subsidiaries were obligated to register as investment companies, we would have to comply with a variety of substantive requirements under the Investment Company Act that impose, among other things:
 
 
limitations on capital structure;
 
 
restrictions on specified investments;
 
 
prohibitions on transactions with affiliates; and
 
 
compliance with reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy disclosure and other rules and regulations that would significantly increase our operating expenses.
 
Under the relevant provisions of Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act, an investment company is any issuer that:
 
 
is or holds itself out as being engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities (the “primarily engaged test”); or
 
 
is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owns or proposes to acquire “investment securities” having a value exceeding 40% of the value of such issuer’s total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis (the “40% test”). “Investment securities” excludes U.S. government securities and securities of majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying on the exception from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) (relating to private investment companies).
 
We believe that neither we nor our Operating Partnership will be required to register as an investment company based on the following analysis. With respect to the 40% test, the entities through which we and our Operating Partnership intend to own our assets will be majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying on the exceptions from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7).
 
With respect to the primarily engaged test, we and our Operating Partnership are holding companies and do not intend to invest or trade in securities ourselves. Rather, through the majority-owned subsidiaries of our Operating Partnership, we and our Operating Partnership are primarily engaged in the non-investment company businesses of these subsidiaries, namely the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring real estate and real estate-related assets.
 
We believe that most of the subsidiaries of our Operating Partnership will be able to rely on Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act for an exception from the definition of an investment company. (Any other subsidiaries of our Operating Partnership should be able to rely on the exceptions for private investment companies pursuant to Section 3(c)(1) and Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act.) As reflected in no-action letters, the SEC staff’s position on Section 3(c)(5)(C) generally requires that an issuer maintain at least 55% of its assets in “mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate,” or qualifying assets; at least 80% of its assets in qualifying assets plus real estate-related assets; and no more than 20% of the value of its assets in other than qualifying assets and real estate-related assets, which we refer to as miscellaneous assets. To constitute a qualifying asset under this 55% requirement, a real estate interest must meet various criteria based on no-action letters. We expect that each of the subsidiaries of our Operating Partnership relying on Section 3(c)(5)(C) will invest at least 55% of its assets in qualifying assets, and approximately an additional 25% of its assets in other types of real estate-related assets. We expect to rely on guidance published by the SEC staff or on our analyses of guidance published with respect to types of assets to determine which assets are qualifying real estate assets and real estate-related assets.
 
To maintain compliance with the Investment Company Act, our subsidiaries may be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want them to sell and may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish them to retain. In addition, our subsidiaries may have to acquire additional assets that they might not otherwise have acquired or may have to forego opportunities to make investments that we would otherwise want them to make and would be important to our investment strategy. Moreover, the SEC or its staff may issue interpretations with respect to various types of assets that are contrary to our views and current SEC staff interpretations are subject to change, which increases the risk of non-compliance and the risk that we may be forced to make adverse changes to our portfolio. In this regard, we note that in 2011 the SEC issued a concept release indicating that the SEC and its staff were reviewing interpretive issues relating to Section 3(c)(5)(C) and soliciting views on the application of Section 3(c)(5)(C) to companies engaged in the business of acquiring mortgages and mortgage-related instruments. If we were required to register as an investment company but failed to do so, we would be prohibited from engaging in our business and criminal and civil actions could be brought against us. In addition, our contracts would be unenforceable unless a court required enforcement and a court could appoint a receiver to take control of us and liquidate our business.
 
 
For more information related to compliance with the Investment Company Act, see Investment Objectives and Criteria—Investment Company Act and Certain Other Policies, page 55 .
 
Rapid changes in the values of our assets may make it more difficult for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT or our exception from the definition of an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
 
If the market value or income potential of our qualifying real estate assets changes as compared to the market value or income potential of our non-qualifying assets, or if the market value or income potential of our assets that are considered “real estate-related assets” under the Investment Company Act or REIT qualification tests changes as compared to the market value or income potential of our assets that are not considered “real estate-related assets” under the Investment Company Act or REIT qualification tests, whether as a result of increased interest rates, prepayment rates or other factors, we may need to modify our investment portfolio in order to maintain our REIT qualification or exception from the definition of an investment company. If the decline in asset values or income occurs quickly, this may be especially difficult, if not impossible, to accomplish. This difficulty may be exacerbated by the illiquid nature of many of the assets that we may own. We may have to make investment decisions that we otherwise would not make absent REIT and Investment Company Act considerations.
 
Our stockholders will have limited control over changes in our policies and operations, which increases the uncertainty and risks our stockholders face.
 
Our board of directors determines our major policies, including our policies regarding financing, growth, debt capitalization, REIT qualification and distributions. Our board of directors may amend or revise these and other policies without a vote of the stockholders. Under Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter, our stockholders have a right to vote only on limited matters. Our board’s broad discretion in setting policies and our stockholders’ inability to exert control over those policies increases the uncertainty and risks our stockholders face.
 
Our stockholders may not be able to immediately sell their shares under our share repurchase program.
 
We do not expect that a secondary market for resale of our stock will develop, but we intend to provide a monthly share repurchase program for shareholders who wish to sell their shares.  Our ability to repurchase shares depends the levels of our cash reserves (including dividend reinvestment proceeds), availability under any line of credit that we might have, the pace of new share sales, and our ability to sell properties.  If we must sell properties in order to honor repurchase requests, the repurchase of shares tendered for repurchase could be delayed until we have sold sufficient properties to honor such requests.  We expect that the property sale process, if required to honor repurchase requests, could take several months, and we cannot be sure how long it might take to raise sufficient capital from property sales and other sources to honor all such requests.  We intend to honor such repurchase requests in the order they are received.
 
Our board may amend, suspend or terminate our share repurchase program upon 30 days’ notice to stockholders, provided that we may increase or decrease the funding available for the repurchase of shares pursuant to our share repurchase program upon ten business days’ notice to our stockholders. See Description of Shares —Share Repurchase Program, page 83 , for more information about the program.
 
We may, at some future date, seek to list our shares on a national securities exchange to create a secondary market for our stock, but for the foreseeable future shareholders should assume that the only available avenue to sell their shares will be our share repurchase program, described above.
 
Because we are selling our shares directly to the public, our stockholders will not have the benefit of an independent due diligence review of us, which is customarily performed in underwritten offerings; the absence of an independent due diligence review increases the risks and uncertainty our stockholders face.
 
There will be no outside independent review of our finances and operations. Therefore, our stockholders must rely on the information in this prospectus and will not have the benefit of an independent review and investigation of this offering of the type normally performed by an unaffiliated, independent underwriter in a public securities offering.
 
 
Our investors’ interest in us could  be diluted if we issue additional shares, which could reduce the overall value of their investment.
 
Our common stockholders do not have preemptive rights to any shares we issue in the future. Our charter authorizes us to issue 200,000,000 shares of common stock. Our board of directors may increase the number of authorized shares of common stock without stockholder approval. After our investors purchase shares in this offering, our board may elect to (i) sell additional shares in this or in future public offerings, including through our dividend reinvestment plan; (ii) issue equity interests in private offerings; (iii) issue shares to our advisor and/or sponsor, or their successors or assigns, in payment of outstanding fee obligations; (iv) issue shares of our common stock to sellers of properties or assets we acquire in connection with an exchange of limited partnership interests of the Operating Partnership; or (v) otherwise issue additional shares of our capital stock. To the extent we issue additional equity interests after our investors purchase shares, whether in this or future primary offerings, pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan or otherwise, our investors’ percentage ownership interest in us would be diluted. In addition, depending upon the terms and pricing of any additional issuance of shares, the use of the proceeds and the value of our real estate investments, our investors could also experience dilution in the book value and NAV of their shares and in the earnings and distributions per share.
 
Payment of fees to our advisor, sponsor and their affiliates reduces cash available for investment and distribution to our stockholders and increases the risk that our stockholders will not be able to recover the amount of their investment in our shares.
 
Our advisor, sponsor and their affiliates perform services for us in connection with the selection and acquisition of our real estate investments, the management and leasing of our real estate properties, the administration of our real estate-related investments and the disposition of our real estate investments. We pay them substantial fees for these services, which results in immediate dilution of the value of our stockholders’ investment and reduces the amount of cash available for investment or distribution to stockholders. Compensation to be paid to our advisor may be increased subject to approval by our conflicts committee and the other limitations in our charter, which would further dilute our stockholders’ investment and reduce the amount of cash available for investment or distribution to stockholders.   See Compensation, page 39 .
 
If we are unable to obtain funding for future capital needs, cash distributions to our stockholders and the value of our investments could decline.
 
When tenants do not renew their leases or otherwise vacate their space, we will often need to expend substantial funds for improvements to the vacated space in order to attract replacement tenants. Even when tenants do renew their leases we may agree to make improvements to their space as part of our negotiations. If we need additional capital in the future to improve or maintain our properties or for any other reason, we may have to obtain funding from sources other than our cash flow from operations or proceeds from our dividend reinvestment plan, such as borrowings or future equity offerings. These sources of funding may not be available on attractive terms or at all. If we cannot procure additional funding for capital improvements, our investments may generate lower cash flows or decline in value, or both, which would limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders and could reduce the value of our stockholders’ investment in us.
 
Although we will not currently be afforded the protection of the Maryland General Corporation Law relating to deterring or defending hostile takeovers, our board of directors could opt into these provisions of Maryland law in the future, which may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and may prevent our stockholders from receiving a premium price for their stock in connection with a business combination.
 
Under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and certain interested stockholders or affiliates of interested stockholders are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. Also under Maryland law, control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares owned by the acquirer, an officer of the corporation or an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the corporation are excluded from the vote on whether to accord voting rights to the control shares. Should our board of directors opt into these provisions of Maryland law, it may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer. Similarly, provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the Maryland General Corporation Law could provide similar anti-takeover protection. For more information about the business combination, control share acquisition and Subtitle 8 provisions of Maryland law, see Description of Shares—Business Combinations,  page 79 ,—Control Share Acquisitions, page 80 and—Subtitle 8, page 80 .
 
 
Our charter includes an anti-takeover provision that may discourage a stockholder from launching a tender offer for our shares.
 
Our charter provides that any tender offer made by a stockholder, including any “mini-tender” offer, must comply with most provisions of Regulation 14D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The offering stockholder must provide our company notice of such tender offer at least 10 business days before initiating the tender offer. If the offering stockholder does not comply with these requirements, our company will have the right to repurchase that stockholder’s shares and any shares acquired in such tender offer. In addition, the noncomplying stockholder shall be responsible for all of our company’s expenses in connection with that stockholder’s noncompliance. This provision of our charter may discourage a stockholder from initiating a tender offer for our shares and prevent our stockholders from receiving a premium price for their shares in such a transaction.
 
General Risks Related to Investments in Real Estate
 
Economic, market and regulatory changes that impact the real estate market generally may decrease the value of our investments and weaken our operating results.
 
Our operating results and the performance of the properties we acquire are subject to the risks typically associated with real estate, any of which could decrease the value of our investments and could weaken our operating results, including:
 
 
downturns in national, regional and local economic conditions;
 
 
competition from other commercial buildings;
 
 
adverse local conditions, such as oversupply or reduction in demand for commercial buildings and changes in real estate zoning laws that may reduce the desirability of real estate in an area;
 
 
vacancies, changes in market rental rates and the need to periodically repair, renovate and re-let space;
 
 
changes in interest rates and the availability of permanent mortgage financing, which may render the sale of a property or loan difficult or unattractive;
 
 
changes in tax (including real and personal property tax), real estate, environmental and zoning laws;
 
 
natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes and floods;
 
 
acts of war or terrorism, including the consequences of terrorist attacks, such as those that occurred on September 11, 2001;
 
 
the potential for uninsured or underinsured property losses; and
 
 
periods of high interest rates and tight money supply.
 
Any of the above factors, or a combination thereof, could result in a decrease in our cash flow from operations and a decrease in the value of our investments, which would have an adverse effect on our operations, on our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders and on the value of our stockholders’ investment.
 
We may obtain only limited warranties when we purchase a property.
 
The seller of a property will often sell such property in its “as is” condition on a “where is” basis and “with all faults,” without any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. In addition, purchase agreements may contain only limited warranties, representations and indemnifications that will only survive for a limited period after the closing. Also, most sellers of large commercial properties are special purpose entities without significant assets other than the property itself. The purchase of properties with limited warranties or from undercapitalized sellers increases the risk that we may lose some or all of our invested capital in the property as well as the loss of rental income from that property.
 
 
We may finance properties with lock-out provisions, which may prohibit us from selling a property, or may require us to maintain specified debt levels for a period of years on some properties.
 
Lock-out provisions are provisions that generally prohibit repayment of a loan balance for a certain number of years following the origination date of a loan. Such provisions are typically provided for by the code or the terms of the agreement underlying a loan. Lock-out provisions could materially restrict use from selling or otherwise disposing of or refinancing properties. These provisions would affect our ability to turn our investments into cash and thus affect cash available for share repurchases or distributions to shareholders. Lock-out provisions may prohibit us from reducing the outstanding indebtedness with respect to any properties, refinancing such indebtedness on a non-recourse basis at maturity, or increasing the amount of indebtedness with respect to such properties.
 
Lock-out provisions could impair our ability to take actions during the lock-out period that would otherwise be in your best interests and, therefore, may have an adverse impact on the value of the shares, relative to the value that would result if the lock-out provisions did not exist. In particular, lock-out provisions could preclude us from participating in major transactions that could result in a disposition of our assets or a change in control even though that disposition or change in control might be in your best interests.
 
Properties that become vacant could be difficult to re-lease or sell, which could diminish the return on these properties and adversely affect our cash flow and ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
 
Properties may incur vacancies either by the expiration and non-renewal of tenant leases or the default of tenants under their leases. If vacancies continue for a long period of time, we may suffer reduced revenues resulting in less cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
 
We intend to purchase properties with (or enter into, as necessary) long-term leases with tenants, which may not result in fair market rental rates over time.
 
We intend to purchase properties with (or enter into, as necessary) long-term leases with tenants and include renewal options that specify a maximum rate increase. These leases would provide for rent to increase over time; however, if we do not accurately judge the potential for increases in market rental rates, we may set the terms of these long-term leases at levels such that, even after contractual rent increases, the rent under our long-term leases is less than then-current market rates. Further, we may have no ability to terminate those leases or to adjust the rent to then-prevailing market rates. As a result, our cash available for distribution could be lower than if we did not purchase properties with, or enter into, long-term leases.
 
We depend on tenants for our revenue generated by our real estate investments and, accordingly, our revenue generated by our real estate investments and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders are dependent upon the success and economic viability of our tenants and our ability to retain and attract tenants. Non-renewals, terminations or lease defaults could reduce our net income and limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
 
The success of our real estate investments materially depends upon the financial stability of the tenants leasing the properties we own. The inability of a single major tenant or a significant number of smaller tenants to meet their rental obligations would significantly lower our net income. A non-renewal after the expiration of a lease term, termination or default by a tenant on its lease payments to us would cause us to lose the revenue associated with such lease and require us to find an alternative source of revenue to meet mortgage payments and prevent a foreclosure if the property is subject to a mortgage. In the event of a tenant default or bankruptcy, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord of a property and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment and re-leasing the property. Tenants may have the right to terminate their leases upon the occurrence of certain customary events of default and, in other circumstances, may not renew their leases or, because of market conditions, may only be able to renew their leases on terms that are less favorable to us than the terms of their initial leases. Further, some of our assets may be outfitted to suit the particular needs of the tenants. We may have difficulty replacing the tenants of these properties if the outfitted space limits the types of businesses that could lease that space without major renovation. If a tenant does not renew, terminates or defaults on a lease, we may be unable to lease the property for the rent previously received or sell the property without incurring a loss.  These events could cause us to reduce distributions to stockholders.
 
 
The bankruptcy or insolvency of our tenants or delays by our tenants in making rental payments could seriously harm our operating results and financial condition.
 
Any bankruptcy filings by or relating to any of our tenants could bar us from collecting pre-bankruptcy debts from that tenant, unless we receive an order permitting us to do so from the bankruptcy court. A tenant bankruptcy could delay our efforts to collect past due balances under the relevant leases, and could ultimately preclude full collection of these sums. If a lease is rejected by a tenant in bankruptcy, we would have only a general unsecured claim for damages. Any unsecured claim we hold against a bankrupt entity may be paid only to the extent that funds are available and only in the same percentage as is paid to all other holders of unsecured claims. We may recover substantially less than the full value of any unsecured claims, which would harm our financial condition.
 
Actions of our potential future tenants-in-common could reduce the returns on tenants-in-common investments and decrease our stockholders’ overall return.
 
We may enter into tenants-in-common or other joint ownership structures with third parties to acquire properties and other assets.  Such investments may involve risks not otherwise present with other methods of investment, including, for example, the following risks:
 
 
our co-owner in an investment could become insolvent or bankrupt;
 
 
our co-owner may at any time have economic or business interests or goals that are or that become inconsistent with our business interests or goals;
 
 
our co-owner may be in a position to take action contrary to our instructions or requests or contrary to our policies or objectives; or
 
 
disputes between us and our co-owner may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and directors from focusing their time and effort on our operations.
 
While we intend that any co-ownership investment that we enter into will be subject to a co-ownership contractual arrangement that will address some or all of the above issues, any of the above might still subject a property to liabilities in excess of those contemplated and thus reduce our returns on that investment and the value of your investment in us.
 
Costs imposed pursuant to laws and governmental regulations may reduce our net income and our cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
 
Real property and the operations conducted on real property are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to protection of the environment and human health. We could be subject to liability in the form of fines, penalties or damages for noncompliance with these laws and regulations. These laws and regulations generally govern wastewater discharges, air emissions, the operation and removal of underground and above-ground storage tanks, the use, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous materials, the remediation of contamination associated with the release or disposal of solid and hazardous materials, the presence of toxic building materials and other health and safety-related concerns.
 
Some of these laws and regulations may impose joint and several liability on the tenants, owners or operators of real property for the costs to investigate or remediate contaminated properties, regardless of fault, whether the contamination occurred prior to purchase, or whether the acts causing the contamination were legal. Activities of our tenants, the condition of properties at the time we buy them, operations in the vicinity of our properties, such as the presence of underground storage tanks, or activities of unrelated third parties may affect our properties.
 
The presence of hazardous substances, or the failure to properly manage or remediate these substances, may hinder our ability to sell, rent or pledge such property as collateral for future borrowings. Any material expenditures, fines, penalties or damages we must pay will reduce our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders and may reduce the value of our stockholders’ investment in us.
 
 
The costs of defending against claims of environmental liability, of complying with environmental regulatory requirements, of remediating any contaminated property or of paying personal injury or other damage claims could reduce our cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
 
Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous real property owner or operator may be liable for the cost of removing or remediating hazardous or toxic substances on, under or in such property. These costs could be substantial. Such laws often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. Environmental laws also may impose liens on property or restrictions on the manner in which property may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures or prevent us from entering into leases with prospective tenants that may be impacted by such laws. Environmental laws provide for sanctions for noncompliance and may be enforced by governmental agencies or, in certain circumstances, by private parties. Certain environmental laws and common law principles could be used to impose liability for the release of and exposure to hazardous substances, including asbestos-containing materials and lead-based paint. Third parties may seek recovery from real property owners or operators for personal injury or property damage associated with exposure to released hazardous substances and governments may seek recovery for natural resource damage. The costs of defending against claims of environmental liability, of complying with environmental regulatory requirements, of remediating any contaminated property, or of paying personal injury, property damage or natural resource damage claims could reduce our cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
 
We intend that most if not all of our real estate acquisitions be subject to Phase I environmental assessments prior to the time they are acquired; however, such assessments may not provide complete environmental histories due, for example, to limited available information about prior operations at the properties or other gaps in information at the time we acquire the property. A Phase I environmental assessment is an initial environmental investigation to identify potential environmental liabilities associated with the current and past uses of a given property. If any of our properties were found to contain hazardous or toxic substances after our acquisition, the value of our investment could decrease below the amount paid for such investment.
 
Costs  associated with  complying with  the  Americans with  Disabilities Act  may  decrease our  cash  available  for distribution.
 
Our properties may be subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, or the Disabilities Act. Under the Disabilities Act, all places of public accommodation are required to comply with federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. The Disabilities Act has separate compliance requirements for “public accommodations” and “commercial facilities” that generally require that buildings and services be made accessible and available to people with disabilities. The Disabilities Act’s requirements could require removal of access barriers and could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, monetary penalties or, in some cases, an award of damages. Any funds used for Disabilities Act compliance will reduce our net income and the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
 
Uninsured losses relating to real property could reduce our cash flow from operations and the return on our stockholders’ investment in us.
 
We expect that most of the properties we acquire will be subject to leases requiring the tenants thereunder to be financially responsible for property liability and casualty insurance.  However, there are types of losses, generally catastrophic in nature, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pollution or environmental matters that are uninsurable and/or that the tenants are not contractually obligated to provide insurance for. In such instances, we may be required to provide other financial support, either through financial assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. We may not have adequate coverage for such losses. If any of our properties incurs a casualty loss that is not fully insured, the value of our assets will be reduced by any such uninsured loss, which will reduce the value of your investment in us. In addition, other than any working capital reserve and other reserves we may establish, we have limited sources of funding to repair or reconstruct any uninsured property.
 
 
Risks Related to Investments in Single Tenant Real Estate
 
Most of our properties will depend upon a single tenant for their rental income, and our financial condition and ability to make distributions may be adversely affected by the bankruptcy or insolvency, a downturn in the business, or a tenant’s lease termination.
 
We expect that most of our properties will be occupied by only one tenant or will derive a majority of their rental income from one tenant and, therefore, the success of those properties will be materially dependent on the financial stability of such tenants. Lease payment defaults by tenants could cause us to reduce the amount of distributions we pay. A default of a tenant on its lease payments to us and the potential resulting vacancy would cause us to lose the revenue from the property and force us to find an alternative source of revenue to meet any mortgage payment and prevent a foreclosure if the property is subject to a mortgage. In the event of a default, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment and re-letting the property. If a lease is terminated or an existing tenant elects not to renew a lease upon its expiration, there is no assurance that we will be able to lease the property for the rent previously received or sell the property without incurring a loss. A default by a tenant, the failure of a guarantor to fulfill its obligations or other premature termination of a lease, or a tenant’s election not to extend a lease upon its expiration, could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and our ability to pay distributions.
 
If a tenant declares bankruptcy, we may be unable to collect balances due under relevant leases.
 
Any of our tenants, or any guarantor of a tenant’s lease obligations, could be subject to a bankruptcy proceeding pursuant to Title 11 of the bankruptcy laws of the United States. Such a bankruptcy filing would bar all efforts by us to collect pre-bankruptcy debts from these entities or their properties, unless we receive an enabling order from the bankruptcy court. Post-bankruptcy debts would be paid currently. If a lease is assumed, all pre-bankruptcy balances owing under it must be paid in full. If a lease is rejected by a tenant in bankruptcy, we would have a general unsecured claim for damages. If a lease is rejected, it is unlikely we would receive any payments from the tenant because our claim is capped at the rent reserved under the lease, without acceleration, for the greater of one year or 15% of the remaining term of the lease, but not greater than three years, plus rent already due but unpaid. This claim could be paid only in the event funds were available, and then only in the same percentage as that realized on other unsecured claims.
 
A tenant or lease guarantor bankruptcy could delay efforts to collect past due balances under the relevant leases, and could ultimately preclude full collection of these sums. Such an event could cause a decrease or cessation of rental payments that would mean a reduction in our cash flow and the amount available for distributions to you. In the event of a bankruptcy, we cannot assure you that the tenant or its trustee will assume our lease. If a given lease, or guaranty of a lease, is not assumed, our cash flow and the amounts available for distributions to you may be adversely affected. Further, our lenders may have a first priority claim to any recovery under the leases, any guarantees and any credit support, such as security deposits and letters of credit.
 
Net leases may not result in fair market lease rates over time.
 
We expect most of our rental income to come from net leases. Net leases typically contain (1) longer lease terms; (2) fixed rental rate increases during the primary term of the lease; and (3) fixed rental rates for initial renewal options, and, thus, there is an increased risk that these contractual lease terms will fail to result in fair market rental rates if fair market rental rates increase at a greater rate than the fixed rental rate increases.
 
Our real estate investments may include special use single tenant properties that may be difficult to sell or re-lease upon tenant defaults or early lease terminations.
 
We focus our investments on commercial properties, a number of which will be special use single tenant properties. With these properties, if the current lease is terminated or not renewed, we may be required to renovate the property or to make rent concessions in order to lease the property to another tenant or sell the property. In addition, in the event we are forced to sell the property, we may have difficulty selling it to a party other than the tenant or borrower due to the special purpose for which the property may have been designed. These and other limitations may affect our ability to sell or re-lease properties and adversely affect returns to you.
 
 
A high concentration of our properties in a particular geographic area, or that have tenants in a similar industry, would magnify the effects of downturns in that geographic area or industry.
 
In the event that we have a concentration of properties in any particular geographic area, any adverse situation that disproportionately effects that geographic area would have a magnified adverse effect on our portfolio. Similarly, if our tenants are concentrated in a certain industry or industries, any adverse effect to that industry generally would have a disproportionately adverse effect on our portfolio.
 
If a sale-leaseback transaction is recharacterized in a tenant’s bankruptcy proceeding, our financial condition could be adversely affected.
 
We may enter into sale-leaseback transactions, whereby we would purchase a property and then lease the same property back to the person from whom we purchased it. In the event of the bankruptcy of a tenant, a transaction structured as a sale-leaseback may be recharacterized as either a financing or a joint venture, either of which outcomes could adversely affect our business. If the sale-leaseback were recharacterized as a financing, we might not be considered the owner of the property, and as a result would have the status of a creditor in relation to the tenant. In that event, we would no longer have the right to sell or encumber our ownership interest in the property. Instead, we would have a claim against the tenant for the amounts owed under the lease, with the claim arguably secured by the property. The tenant/debtor might have the ability to propose a plan restructuring the term, interest rate and amortization schedule of its outstanding balance. If confirmed by the bankruptcy court, we could be bound by the new terms, and prevented from foreclosing our lien on the property. If the sale-leaseback were recharacterized as a joint venture, our lessee and we could be treated as co-venturers with regard to the property. As a result, we could be held liable, under some circumstances, for debts incurred by the lessee relating to the property. Either of these outcomes could adversely affect our cash flow and the amount available for distributions to you.
 
Risks Associated with Debt Financing
 
We obtain lines of credit, mortgage indebtedness and other borrowings, which increases our risk of loss due to potential foreclosure.
 
We obtain lines of credit and long-term financing that may be secured by our properties and other assets. In some instances, we acquire real properties by financing a portion of the price of the properties and mortgaging or pledging some or all of the properties purchased as security for that debt. We may also incur mortgage debt on properties that we already own in order to obtain funds to acquire additional properties, to fund property improvements and other capital expenditures, to pay distributions and for other purposes. In addition, we may borrow as necessary or advisable to ensure that we maintain our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, including borrowings to satisfy the REIT requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to our stockholders (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and excluding net capital gain). However, we can give our stockholders no assurance that we will be able to obtain such borrowings on satisfactory terms or at all.
 
If we do mortgage a property and there is a shortfall between the cash flow generated by that property and the cash flow needed to service mortgage debt on that property, then the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders may be reduced. In addition, incurring mortgage debt increases the risk of loss of a property since defaults on indebtedness secured by a property may result in lenders initiating foreclosure actions. In that case, we could lose the property securing the loan that is in default, reducing the value of our stockholders’ investment in us. For tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our properties would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure even though we would not necessarily receive any cash proceeds. We may give full or partial guarantees to lenders of mortgage or other debt on behalf of the entities that own our properties. When we give a guaranty on behalf of an entity that owns one of our properties, we will be responsible to the lender for satisfaction of all or a part of the debt or other amounts related to the debt if it is not paid by such entity. If any mortgages contain cross-collateralization or cross-default provisions, a default on a mortgage secured by a single property could affect mortgages secured by other properties.
 
We may utilize repurchase agreements as a component of our financing strategy. Repurchase agreements economically resemble short-term, variable-rate financing and usually require the maintenance of specific loan-to- collateral value ratios. If the market value of the assets subject to a repurchase agreement declines, we may be required to provide additional collateral or make cash payments to maintain the required loan-to-collateral value ratios. If we are unable to provide such collateral or cash repayments, we may lose our economic interest in the underlying assets.
 
 
We may also obtain recourse debt to finance our acquisitions and meet our REIT distribution requirements. If we have insufficient income to service our recourse debt obligations, our lenders could institute proceedings against us to foreclose upon our assets. If a lender successfully forecloses upon any of our assets, our ability to pay cash distributions to our stockholders will be limited and our stockholders could lose all or part of their investment in us.
 
High mortgage rates or changes in underwriting standards may make it difficult for us to finance or refinance properties, which could reduce the number of properties we can acquire, our cash flow from operations and the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
 
If mortgage debt is unavailable at reasonable rates, we may not be able to finance the purchase of properties. If we place mortgage debt on a property, we run the risk of being unable to refinance part or all of the debt when it becomes due or of being unable to refinance on favorable terms. If interest rates are higher when we refinance properties subject to mortgage debt, our income could be reduced. We may be unable to refinance or may only be able to partly refinance properties if underwriting standards, including loan to value ratios and yield requirements, among other requirements, are more strict than when we originally financed the properties. If any of these events occurs, our cash flow could be reduced and/or we might have to pay down existing mortgages. This, in turn, would reduce cash available for distribution to our stockholders, could cause us to require additional capital and may hinder our ability to raise capital by issuing more stock or by borrowing more money.
 
We may use leverage in connection with any real estate investments we make, which increases the risk of loss associated with this type of investment.
 
We may finance the acquisition of certain real estate-related investments with warehouse lines of credit and repurchase agreements. Although the use of leverage may enhance returns and increase the number of investments that we can make, it may also substantially increase the risk of loss. There can be no assurance that leveraged financing will be available to us on favorable terms or that, among other factors, the terms of such financing will parallel the maturities of the leases in underlying assets acquired. If alternative financing is not available, we may have to liquidate assets at unfavorable prices to pay off such financing. The return on our investments and cash available for distribution to our stockholders may be reduced to the extent that changes in market conditions cause the cost of our financing to increase relative to the income that we can derive from the assets we acquire.
 
Our debt service payments will reduce our cash available for distribution. We may not be able to meet our debt service obligations and, to the extent that we cannot, we risk the loss of some or all of our assets to foreclosure or sale to satisfy our debt obligations. If we utilize repurchase financing and if the market value of the assets subject to a repurchase agreement declines, we may be required to provide additional collateral or make cash payments to maintain the required loan-to-collateral value ratio. If we are unable to provide such collateral or cash repayments, we may lose our economic interest in the underlying assets. Further, credit facility providers and warehouse facility providers may require us to maintain a certain amount of cash reserves or to set aside unleveraged assets sufficient to maintain a specified liquidity position that would allow us to satisfy our collateral obligations. As a result, we may not be able to leverage our assets as fully as we would choose, which could reduce our return on assets. In the event that we are unable to meet these collateral obligations, our financial condition could deteriorate rapidly.
 
We may not be able to access financing sources on attractive terms, which could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan.
 
We may finance our assets over the long-term through a variety of means, including repurchase agreements, credit facilities, issuances of commercial mortgage-backed securities and other structured financings. Our ability to execute this strategy will depend on various conditions in the markets for financing in this manner that are beyond our control, including lack of liquidity and greater credit spreads. We cannot be certain that these markets will remain an efficient source of long-term financing for our assets. If our strategy is not viable, we will have to find alternative forms of long-term financing for our assets, as secured revolving credit facilities and repurchase agreements may not accommodate long-term financing. This could subject us to more recourse indebtedness and the risk that debt service on less efficient forms of financing would require a larger portion of our cash flow, thereby reducing cash available for distribution to our stockholders and funds available for operations as well as for future business opportunities.
 
 
Lenders may require us to enter into restrictive covenants relating to our operations, which could limit our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
 
When providing financing, a lender may impose restrictions on us that affect our distribution and operating policies and our ability to incur additional debt. Loan agreements into which we enter may contain covenants that limit our ability to further mortgage a property or that prohibit us from discontinuing insurance coverage or replacing our advisor. These or other limitations would decrease our operating flexibility and our ability to achieve our operating objectives and limit our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
 
Increases in interest rates would increase the amount of our debt payments and limit our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
 
We may incur variable rate debt. Increases in interest rates will increase the cost of that debt, which could reduce our cash flow from operations and the cash we have available for distribution to our stockholders. In addition, if we need to repay existing debt during periods of rising interest rates, we could be required to liquidate one or more of our investments at times that may not permit realization of the maximum return on such investments.
 
We have broad authority to incur debt and debt levels could hinder our ability to make distributions and decrease the value of our stockholders’ investment in us.
 
We may incur debt until our total liabilities would exceed 50% of the cost of our tangible assets (before deducting depreciation or other noncash reserves) and we may exceed this limit with the approval of the conflicts committee of our board of directors. High debt levels would cause us to incur higher interest charges and higher debt service payments and may also be accompanied by restrictive covenants. These factors could limit the amount of cash we have available to distribute to our stockholders and could result in a decline in the value of our stockholders’ investment in us.
 
Federal Income Tax Risks
 
Failure to qualify as a REIT would reduce our net earnings available for investment or distribution.
 
Our qualification as a REIT will depend upon our ability to meet requirements regarding our organization and ownership, distributions of our income, the nature and diversification of our income and assets and other tests imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. If we fail to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year after electing REIT status, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at corporate rates. In addition, we would generally be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we lost our REIT status. Losing our REIT status would reduce our net earnings available for investment or distribution to stockholders because of the additional tax liability. In addition, distributions would no longer qualify for the dividends-paid deduction and we would no longer be required to make distributions. If this occurs, we might be required to borrow funds or liquidate some investments in order to pay the applicable tax. See Federal Income Tax Considerations, page 56 .
 
Failure to qualify as a REIT would subject us to federal income tax, which would reduce the cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
 
We expect to operate in a manner that will allow us to continue to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. However, the federal income tax laws governing REITs are extremely complex, and interpretations of the federal income tax laws governing qualification as a REIT are limited. Qualifying as a REIT requires us to meet various tests regarding the nature of our assets and our income, the ownership of our outstanding stock, and the amount of our distributions on an ongoing basis. While we intend to continue to operate so that we will qualify as a REIT, given the highly complex nature of the rules governing REITs, the ongoing importance of factual determinations, including the tax treatment of certain investments we may make, and the possibility of future changes in our circumstances, no assurance can be given that we will so qualify for any particular year. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any calendar year and we do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we would be required to pay federal income tax on our taxable income. We might need to borrow money or sell assets to pay that tax. Our payment of income tax would decrease the amount of our income available for distribution to our stockholders. Furthermore, if we fail to maintain our qualification as a REIT and we do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we no longer would be required to distribute substantially all of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders. Unless our failure to qualify as a REIT were excused under federal tax laws, we would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost.
 
 
Our stockholders may have current tax liability on distributions they elect to reinvest in our common stock.
 
If our stockholders participate in our dividend reinvestment plan, they will be deemed to have received, and for income tax purposes will be taxed on, the amount reinvested in shares of our common stock to the extent the amount reinvested was not a tax-free return of capital. In addition, our stockholders will be treated for tax purposes as having received an additional distribution to the extent the shares are purchased at a discount to fair market value, if any. As a result, unless our stockholders are tax-exempt entities, they may have to use funds from other sources to pay their tax liability on the value of the shares of common stock received. See Description of Shares—Dividend Reinvestment Plan—Tax Consequences of Participation, page 82 .
 
Even if we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we may be subject to other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
 
Even if we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we may be subject to some federal, state and local taxes on our income or property. For example:
 
 
In order to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders (which is determined without regard to the dividends-paid deduction or net capital gain). To the extent that we satisfy the distribution requirement but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on the undistributed income.
 
 
We will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which distributions we pay in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income and 100% of our undistributed income from prior years.
 
 
If we elect to treat property that we acquire in connection with certain leasehold terminations as “foreclosure property,” we may avoid the 100% tax on the gain from a resale of that property, but the income from the sale or operation of that property may be subject to corporate income tax at the highest applicable rate.
 
 
If we sell an asset that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, our gain would be subject to the 100% “prohibited transaction” tax unless such sale were made by one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries.
 
REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan.
 
We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, subject to certain adjustments and excluding any net capital gain, in order for federal corporate income tax not to apply to earnings that we distribute. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay out to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under federal tax laws. We intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Internal Revenue Code.
 
From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than our income for financial reporting purposes, or our taxable income may be greater than our cash flow available for distribution to stockholders. If we do not have other funds available in these situations we could be required to borrow funds, sell investments at disadvantageous prices or find another alternative source of funds to make distributions sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the REIT distribution requirements and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax in a particular year. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce our equity. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits.
 
To maintain our REIT status, we may be forced to forego otherwise attractive business or investment opportunities, which may delay or hinder our ability to meet our investment objectives and reduce our stockholders’ overall return.
 
To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy certain tests on an ongoing basis concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, nature of our assets and the amounts we distribute to our stockholders. We may be required to make distributions to stockholders at times when it would be more advantageous to reinvest cash in our business or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits and reduce the value of our stockholders’ investment.
 
 
Potential characterization of distributions or gain on sale may be treated as unrelated business taxable income to tax-exempt investors.
 
If a tax-exempt stockholder has incurred debt to purchase or hold our common stock, then a portion of the distributions to and, in the case of a stockholder described in clause (iii), gains realized on the sale of common stock by such tax-exempt stockholder may be subject to federal income tax as unrelated business taxable income under the Internal Revenue Code.
 
If we were considered to actually or constructively pay a “preferential dividend” to certain of our stockholders, our status as a REIT could be adversely affected.
 
In order to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income (excluding net capital gain), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid. In order for distributions to be counted as satisfying the annual distribution requirements for REITs, and to provide us with a REIT-level tax deduction, the distribution must not be “preferential dividends.” A dividend is not a preferential dividend if the distribution is pro rata among all outstanding shares of stock within a particular class, and in accordance with the preferences among different classes of stock as set forth in our organizational documents. There is no de minimis exception with respect to preferential dividends; therefore, if the IRS were to take the position that we paid a preferential dividend, we may be deemed to have failed the 90% distribution test, and our status as a REIT could be terminated for the year in which such determination is made if we were unable to cure such failure.
 
Complying with REIT requirements may force us to liquidate otherwise attractive investments.
 
To qualify as a REIT, we must ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified REIT real estate assets, including certain mortgage loans and residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 25% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate from our portfolio otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.
 
Liquidation of assets may jeopardize our REIT qualification.
 
To qualify as a REIT, we must comply with requirements regarding our assets and our sources of income. If we are compelled to liquidate our investments to repay obligations to our lenders, we may be unable to comply with these requirements, ultimately jeopardizing our qualification as a REIT, or we may be subject to a 100% tax on any resultant gain if we sell assets that are treated as dealer property or inventory.
 
Characterization of any repurchase agreements we enter into to finance our investments as sales for tax purposes rather than as secured lending transactions would adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT.
 
We may enter into repurchase agreements with a variety of counterparties to achieve our desired amount of leverage for the assets in which we invest. When we enter into a repurchase agreement, we generally sell assets to our counterparty to the agreement and receive cash from the counterparty. The counterparty is obligated to resell the assets back to us at the end of the term of the transaction. We believe that for federal income tax purposes we will be treated as the owner of the assets that are the subject of repurchase agreements and that the repurchase agreements will be treated as secured lending transactions notwithstanding that such agreement may transfer record ownership of the assets to the counterparty during the term of the agreement. It is possible, however, that the Internal Revenue Service could successfully assert that we did not own these assets during the term of the repurchase agreements, in which case we could fail to qualify as a REIT if tax ownership of these assets was necessary for us to meet the income and/or asset tests.
 
 
Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively.
 
The REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code may limit our ability to hedge our assets and operations. Under these provisions, any income that we generate from transactions intended to hedge our interest rate, inflation and/or currency risks will be excluded from gross income for purposes of the REIT 75% and 95% gross income tests if the instrument hedges (i) interest rate risk on liabilities incurred to carry or acquire real estate or (ii) risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain that would be qualifying income under the REIT 75% or 95% gross income tests, and such instrument is properly identified under applicable Treasury Regulations. Income from hedging transactions that do not meet these requirements will generally constitute nonqualifying income for purposes of both the REIT 75% and 95% gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we may have to limit our use of hedging techniques that might otherwise be advantageous, which could result in greater risks associated with interest rate or other changes than we would otherwise incur.
 
Ownership limitations may restrict change of control or business combination opportunities in which our stockholders might receive a premium for their shares.
 
In order for us to qualify as a REIT for each taxable year, no more than 50% in value of our outstanding capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals during the last half of any calendar year. “Individuals” for this purpose include natural persons, and some entities such as private foundations. To preserve our REIT qualification, our charter generally prohibits any person from directly or indirectly owning more than 9.8% in value of our capital stock. This ownership limitation could have the effect of discouraging a takeover or other transaction in which our stockholders might receive a premium for their shares over the then prevailing market price or which our stockholders might believe to be otherwise in their best interests.
 
Our ownership of and relationship with our taxable REIT subsidiaries will be limited and a failure to comply with the limits would jeopardize our REIT status and may result in the application of a 100% excise tax.
 
A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. A taxable REIT subsidiary may earn income that would not be qualifying income if earned directly by the parent REIT. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a taxable REIT subsidiary. A corporation of which a taxable REIT subsidiary directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. Overall, no more than 25% of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. A domestic taxable REIT subsidiary will pay federal, state and local income tax at regular corporate rates on any income that it earns. In addition, the taxable REIT subsidiary rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a taxable REIT subsidiary to its parent REIT to assure that the taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. The rules also impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a taxable REIT subsidiary and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis. We cannot assure our stockholders that we will be able to comply with the 25% value limitation on ownership of taxable REIT subsidiary stock and securities on an ongoing basis so as to maintain REIT status or to avoid application of the 100% excise tax imposed on certain non-arm’s length transactions.
 
The IRS may challenge our characterization of certain income from offshore taxable REIT subsidiaries.
 
We may form offshore corporate entities treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries. If we form such subsidiaries, we may receive certain “income inclusions” with respect to our equity investments in these entities. We intend to treat such income inclusions, to the extent matched by repatriations of cash in the same taxable year, as qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test but not the 75% gross income test. See Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of Rich Uncles REIT — Income Tests, page 61 . Because there is no clear precedent with respect to the qualification of such income inclusions for purposes of the REIT gross income tests, no assurance can be given that the IRS will not assert a contrary position. If such income does not qualify for the 95% gross income test, we could be subject to a penalty tax or we could fail to qualify as a REIT, in both events only if such inclusions (along with certain other non-qualifying income) exceed 5% of our gross income.
 
We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes.
 
At any time, the federal income tax laws or regulations governing REITs or the administrative interpretations of those laws or regulations may be amended. We cannot predict when or if any new federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation, or any amendment to any existing federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation, will be adopted, promulgated or become effective and any such law, regulation or interpretation may take effect retroactively. We and our stockholders could be adversely affected by any such change in, or any new, federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation.
 
 
Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates.
 
The maximum tax rate for dividends payable to domestic stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates is 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, are generally not eligible for the reduced rates. While this tax treatment does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends paid by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts or estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in stock of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including our common stock.
 
Retirement Plan Risks
 
If the fiduciary of an employee benefit plan subject to ERISA (such as a profit sharing, Section 401(k) or pension plan) or an owner of a retirement arrangement subject to Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code (such as an individual retirement account (“IRA”)) fails to meet the fiduciary and other standards under ERISA or the Internal Revenue Code as a result of an investment in our stock, the fiduciary could be subject to penalties and other sanctions.
 
There are special considerations that apply to employee benefit plans subject to ERISA (such as profit sharing, Section 401(k) or pension plans) and other retirement plans or accounts subject to Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code (such as an IRA) that are investing in our shares. Fiduciaries and IRA owners investing the assets of such a plan or account in our common stock should satisfy themselves that:
 
 
the investment is consistent with their fiduciary and other obligations under ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code;
 
 
the investment is made in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the plan or IRA, including the plan’s or account’s investment policy;
 
 
the investment satisfies the prudence and diversification requirements of Sections 404(a)(1)(B) and 404(a)(1)(C) of ERISA and other applicable provisions of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code;
 
 
the investment in our shares, for which no public market currently exists, is consistent with the liquidity needs of the plan or IRA;
 
 
the investment will not produce an unacceptable amount of “unrelated business taxable income” for the plan or IRA;
 
 
our stockholders will be able to comply with the requirements under ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code to value the assets of the plan or IRA annually; and
 
 
the investment will not constitute a prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code.
 
With respect to the annual valuation requirements described above, we will provide an estimated value for our shares annually. We can make no claim whether such estimated value will or will not satisfy the applicable annual valuation requirements under ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code. The Department of Labor or the Internal Revenue Service may determine that a plan fiduciary or an IRA custodian is required to take further steps to determine the value of our common stock. In the absence of an appropriate determination of value, a plan fiduciary or an IRA custodian may be subject to damages, penalties or other sanctions.
 
Failure to satisfy the fiduciary standards of conduct and other applicable requirements of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code may result in the imposition of civil and criminal penalties and could subject the fiduciary to claims for damages or for equitable remedies, including liability for investment losses. In addition, if an investment in our shares constitutes a prohibited transaction under ERISA or the Internal Revenue Code, the fiduciary or IRA owner who authorized or directed the investment may be subject to the imposition of excise taxes with respect to the amount invested.
 
In addition, the investment transaction must be undone. In the case of a prohibited transaction involving an IRA owner, the IRA may be disqualified as a tax-exempt account and all of the assets of the IRA may be deemed distributed and subjected to tax. ERISA plan fiduciaries and IRA owners should consult with counsel before making an investment in our common stock.
 
 
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements about our business, including, in particular, statements about our plans, strategies and objectives. You can generally identify forward-looking statements by our use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue” or other similar words. You should not rely on these forward-looking statements because the matters they describe are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other unpredictable factors, many of which are beyond our control. Our actual results, performance and achievements may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.
 
You should carefully review the Risk Factors section of this prospectus, and those contained in any supplement to this prospectus, for a discussion of the risks and uncertainties that we believe are material to our business, operating results, prospects and financial condition. Except as otherwise required by federal securities laws, we do not undertake to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
 
ESTIMATED USE OF PROCEEDS
 
The following tables set forth information about how we intend to use the proceeds raised in this offering, assuming that we sell $100,000,000 of shares and the maximum of $1,000,000,000 of shares of common stock. Many of the amounts set forth below represent management’s best estimate since they cannot be precisely calculated at this time.  We estimate that we will use 97.00% of the gross proceeds from this primary offering for investments after fees and expenses. We will use the remainder of the gross proceeds from this primary offering to pay organization and offering expenses.
 
We expect to use 97% of the net proceeds from the sale of shares under our dividend reinvestment plan for the repurchase of shares under our share repurchase program.  We cannot predict with any certainty how much, if any, dividend reinvestment plan proceeds will be available for specific purposes. See Compensation, page 39 .
 
   
Amount
   
Percent
   
Amount
   
Percent
 
Gross offering proceeds
  $ 100,000,000       100 %   $ 1,000,000,000       100 %
                                 
Selling commissions
    -0-       0 %     -0-       0 %
Organization and offering expenses (2)
    3,000,000       3 %     30,000,000       3 %
Available for investment in properties (1)
    97,000,000       97 %     970,000,000       97 %
                                 
(1)
Includes all organization and offering expenses to be paid by us in connection with this offering, including our legal, accounting, printing, mailing and filing fees, charges of our escrow holder and transfer agent, advertising and marketing expenses, charges of our advisor for administrative services related to the issuance of shares in this offering, and amounts to reimburse our advisor, for costs in connection with preparing supplemental sales materials. However, no reimbursements made by us to our advisor may cause total organization and offering expenses incurred by us to exceed 3% of the aggregate gross proceeds from this primary offering and the offering under our dividend reinvestment plan as of the date of reimbursement. See Plan of Distribution, page 88 .
 
(2)
Amount available for investment includes acquisition fees and expenses that will be incurred during the operating phase as the REIT acquires properties.   See Compensation, page 39 .
 
MANAGEMENT
 
Board of Directors
 
We operate under the direction of our board of directors, the members of which are accountable to us and our stockholders as fiduciaries. Our board is responsible for the management and control of our affairs. In addition, our board have a fiduciary duty to our shareholders to supervise our relationship with our advisor, who shall manage our day-to-day operations and our portfolio of real estate investments. Our board will approve our investments in the Properties, communicate with our advisor, and oversee our operations. Because of the conflicts of interest created by the relationships among us, our advisor and various affiliates, many of the responsibilities of our board have been delegated to a committee that consists solely of independent directors. This committee is the conflicts committee and is discussed below and under Conflicts of Interest, Certain Conflict Resolution Measures – Conflicts Committee, page 45 .
 
 
Each director will serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his successor has been duly elected and qualified. The presence in person or by proxy of stockholders entitled to cast 50% of all the votes entitled to be cast on any matter at any stockholder meeting constitutes a quorum. Under our charter, a majority of the shares entitled to vote and present in person or by proxy at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present is required for the election of the directors at a meeting of stockholders called for that purpose. This means that, of the shares entitled to vote and present in person or by proxy, a director nominee needs to receive affirmative votes from a majority of such shares in order to be elected to our board of directors. Therefore, if a nominee receives fewer “for” votes than “withhold” votes in an election, then the nominee will not be elected.
 
Although our board of directors may increase or decrease the number of directors, a decrease may not have the effect of shortening the term of any incumbent director. Any director may resign at any time. Any director or the entire board of directors may be removed, with or without cause, by a vote of the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote on the election of directors at any meeting of stockholders called expressly for that purpose. The notice of the meeting will indicate that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the meeting is to determine if the director(s) shall be removed.
 
Unless otherwise provided by Maryland law, our board of directors is responsible for selecting its own nominees and recommending them for election by the stockholders, provided that the conflicts committee nominates replacements for any vacancies among the independent director positions. Unless filled by a vote of the stockholders as permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law, a vacancy that results from the removal of a director will be filled by a vote of a majority of the remaining directors. Any vacancy on our board of directors for any other cause will be filled by a vote of a majority of the remaining directors, even if such majority vote is less than a quorum.
 
Our directors are accountable to us and our stockholders as fiduciaries. This means that our directors must perform their duties in good faith and in a manner each director believes to be in our and our stockholders’ best interests. Further, our directors must act with such care as a prudent person in a similar position would use under similar circumstances, including exercising reasonable inquiry when taking actions. However, our directors and executive officers are not required to devote all of their time to our business and must devote only such time to our affairs as their duties may require. We do not expect that our directors will be required to devote a substantial portion of their time to us in discharging their duties.
 
In addition to meetings of the various committees of the board, which committees we describe below, we expect our directors to hold at least four regular board meetings each year. Our board has the authority to fix the compensation of all officers that it selects and may pay compensation to directors for services rendered to us in any other capacity, although we expect our conflicts committee would act on these matters.
 
Our general investment and borrowing policies are set forth in this prospectus. Our directors may establish further written policies on investments and borrowings and will monitor our administrative procedures, investment operations and performance to ensure that our executive officers and our advisor follow these policies and that these policies continue to be in the best interests of our stockholders. Unless modified by our directors, we will follow the policies on investments and borrowings set forth in this prospectus.
 
  Selection of Our Board of Directors; Independent Directors
 
In determining the composition of our board of directors, our board of directors’ goal was to assemble a group of persons whose individual skills, character, judgment, leadership experience, real estate experience and business acumen would complement each other and bring a diverse set of skills and experiences to our board as a whole. As provided in the NASAA REIT Guidelines, directors must have had at least three years of relevant experience in these fields, and at least one director must have had at least three years of relevant real estate experience.  Two principals in our sponsor, Messrs. Hofer and Wirta, serve as our directors together with five independent directors. Our independent directors are Jeffrey Randolph, Vipe Desai, Jonathan Platt, David Feinleib and John Wang.
 
Our articles of incorporation provide that a majority of our board of directors must be independent directors. Our articles of incorporation define an independent director as someone who has not been associated within the past two years, directly or indirectly, with our sponsor or advisor.   See Section 3.1.11 of our articles of incorporation.
 
 
  Executive Officers and Directors
 
We have provided below certain information about our executive officers and directors.
 
Name*
 
Age**
 
Positions
Harold C. Hofer
  59  
Chief Executive Officer and Director
Raymond E. Wirta
  71  
Chairman of the Board and Director
Jeffrey Randolph
  58  
Independent Director
Howard Makler
 
47
 
President and Chief Marketing Officer
Vipe Desai
  46  
Independent Director
Jonathan Platt   30   Independent Director
David Feinleib
  40  
Independent Director
John Wang
  52  
Director

* The address of each executive officer and director listed is 3080 Bristol Street, Suite 550, Costa Mesa, California 92626.
** As of May 20, 2015.
 
Mr. Harold Hofer. Our board of directors has concluded that Harold Hofer is qualified to serve as a director and as our Chief Executive Officer by reason of his extensive industry and leadership experience. Mr. Hofer is a sponsor of our REIT. Together with Mr. Wirta, he indirectly owns and controls our advisor and our sponsor. Mr. Hofer has been a lawyer since 1980 and is an inactive member of the California State Bar. He was formerly owner of Hofer Realty Advisors, a boutique real estate firm that acted as a principal and advised clients in various real estate transactions focused on investments in retail shopping centers. Mr. Hofer is a principal in a private investment fund known as REIT Opportunity Capital Advisors, or “ROCA”, which invests in the listed stocks of public REITs. He has participated in real estate transactions, as a principal and as a broker, valued in excess of $2 billion in his 30-year real estate career. Mr. Hofer has extensive underwriting, acquisition and management experience, and has asset managed multi-million dollar portfolios of owned properties. As our Chief Executive Officer and a principal of our external advisor, Mr. Hofer is best-positioned to provide our board of directors with insights and perspectives on the execution of our business strategy, our operations and other internal matters. Further, as a principal of our sponsor, Mr. Hofer brings to our board of directors demonstrated management and leadership ability.
 
Mr. Raymond Wirta. Our board of directors has concluded that Raymond Wirta is qualified to serve as one of our directors by reason of his expertise with real estate-related investments. Mr. Wirta is a sponsor of our REIT. Together with Mr. Hofer, he indirectly owns and controls our advisor and our sponsor. Mr. Wirta is currently Chairman and the former Chief Executive Officer of CB Richard Ellis (NYSE:CBG), a global real estate services firm. He is also Chief Executive Officer of the Koll Company, a West Coast-based real estate investment and development company. He previously served as Chief Executive Officer for Koll Management Services and Bolsa Chica Company during time frames when both were publicly traded real estate companies.. Based on these experiences, Mr. Wirta offers insights and perspective with respect to our real estate portfolio. As one of our executive officers and a principal of our advisor and our sponsor, Mr. Wirta is also able to direct our board of directors to the critical issues facing our company.
 
Mr. Jeffrey Randolph. Our board of directors has concluded that Jeffrey Randolph is qualified to serve as an independent director by reason of his extensive experience in investment management. Mr. Randolph is a Principal and the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Compliance Officer for Affinity Investment Advisors, LLC, a firm specializing in U.S. stock exchange investments. He has a long history with Affinity, having negotiated the transaction to sell Affinity to Morgan Stanley as well as the buy back from INVESCO that occurred in 2010. Mr. Randolph was part of the decision to re-launch Affinity as an independent to capitalize on the increasing investor interest in boutique management firms. Mr. Randolph brings 25 years of investment experience to our REIT. His previous work experience includes Managing Director at Morgan Stanley Investment Management and Van Kampen, Principal at Avalon Financial Group Inc., Chief Financial Officer for Bonutto-Hofer Investments and Vice President at Security Pacific National Bank. Mr. Randolph received his bachelor degree in Business Finance from California State University, Long Beach. He holds a California broker license.
 
Mr. Jonathan Platt.   Our board of directors has concluded that Jonathan Platt is qualified to serve as an independent director by reason of his experience as a real estate lawyer, investor and manager.  Mr. Platt is a principal in Kingstone Properties, founded in 2011, serving as both counsel and its chief financial officer.  Kingstone Properties is a full service commercial real estate firm, specializing in investments and property management.  Mr. Platt is also a partner in Platt Law Group, LLP, a real estate law firm founded in 2011.  Prior to joining Kingstone Properties, Mr. Platt briefly served as a financial analyst at LSA, working on transactions including municipal securities stripping, HUD multi-family refinancings, real estate loan syndication and special situations.  Mr. Platt received his J.D. from the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, where he served as an editor on the Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal, and he is an active member of the State Bar of California (admitted 2010).  He received his bachelor’s degree in finance, graduating cum laude, from Sy Syms School of Business at Yeshiva University.  He is also a licensed real estate broker in California.
 
 
Mr. David Feinleib. Our board of directors has concluded that David Feinleib is qualified to serve as an independent director and as the chair of the conflicts committee by reason of his expertise in management and data analytics. Mr. Feinleib is the Managing Director of The Big Data Group and Founder and CEO of Content Analytics, Inc. The Big Data Group provides strategy consulting to leading technology buyers and vendors to unlock the value of their data assets. Content Analytics, a leader in E-Commerce analytics, helps major brands and retailers optimize the Findability and Shopability of their products online. Mr. Feinleib’s Big Data Landscape has been viewed more than 200,000 times and is used as a reference by Intel, Dell, VMWare, and the US Government, among others. His book Big Data Bootcamp is available from Apress in the United States. Mr. Feinleib has been quoted by Business Insider and CNET, and his writing has appeared on Forbes.com and in Harvard Business Review China. Previously, Mr. Feinleib was a general partner at Mohr Davidow Ventures, where he led investments in Software as Service (SaaS) companies, including Infusion Software, which completed a $55M Series D round of funding led by Bain Capital Ventures, Goldman Sachs, and others in 2014. Mr. Feinleib co-founded Consera Software, which was acquired by HP, and Likewise Software, which was acquired by EMC. A lifelong entrepreneur, Mr. Feinleib taught himself how to program and joined Microsoft at age 16. Mr. Feinleib holds a BA from Cornell University and an MBA from the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University. He is an avid violinist and a four-time Ironman distance finisher.
 
Mr. Vipe Desai. Our board of directors has concluded that Vipe Desai is qualified to serve as an independent director for reasons including his extensive knowledge and understanding of marketing and branding. Mr. Desai has spent the majority of his professional career in the action sports industries. From 1993 to 2000, Mr. Desai owned and operated H2O Surf and Snowboard Shop in Orange County, CA. This professional experience exposed Mr. Desai to action sports industries and provided him with valuable knowledge regarding marketing and brand awareness vis-à-vis action sports enthusiasts. In 2000 Mr. Desai founded Propaganda HQ (“PHQ”), which he continues to manage. PHQ is a youth brand consulting agency which assists its clients in developing brand strategies, event production, social media marketing and digital marketing. PHQ’s clients have included Red Bull, Monster Energy, DaimlerChrysler, Surfrider Foundation, Billabong, DaKine, Electric Eyewear, Nixon Watches, O’Neill, Reef, HBO, and Ball Park Franks. Within the last 5 years, Mr. Desai has also held senior marketing positions with Monster Energy and TransWorld Media. While at Monster Energy, Mr. Desai was responsible for sponsored athlete relations, events and brand partnerships worldwide. Mr. Desai is the founder and director project BLUE (www.betruetoblue.com), a consortium of leading surf apparel companies which produce complementary lines of premium “project BLUE” products, with a portion of the sales proceeds being directed to the Surfrider Foundation and the SIMA Environmental Fund. Mr. Desai is a current or past Board member of various charitable organizations, including project BLUE, the SIMA Humanitarian Fund, the Rob Dyrdek Foundation, the Surfrider Foundation and Life Rolls On. Mr. Desai brings a unique perspective on the “branding” of our REIT’s investment products, including web site design, public relations and marketing. He is a graduate of Point Loma Nazarene University.
 
Mr. Howard Makler.   Mr. Makler is our president and chief marketing officer, having joined our sponsor in 2013.  He also serves as chief executive officer of Howie’s Game Shack, which he founded in 2005.  Howie’s Game Shack operates the largest interactive centers in North America, allowing approximately 1,000 gamers to simultaneously play PCs and XBOXs competitively.  From 1992 through 2005, Mr. Makler was co-founder, chairman and chief operating officer of Excess Space Retail Services, which specialized in real estate disposition and lease renegotiation for retail chains.  He has served as professor at the International Council of Shopping Centers’ School of Leasing at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.  In 2003, Mr. Makler received the “Rising Stars 40 under 40 Award” by Chain Store Age.  He has been featured on ABC, Fox News, CNN and the Wall Street Journal.  He has served on the Board of Directors for The Skyhook Foundation, a charity founded by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, and as Vice Chair for Athletics & Entertainers for Kids.
 
Mr. John Wang.   Mr. Wang is the president and founding member of Pacific Coast Realty Services, Inc., and chairman of VenQuest Hotel Group, which owns and manages a portfolio of hotels and commercial properties throughout the U. S. for the past 25 years.  He has been instrumental in the formation, development and direct investment of over thirty companies since 1988.  Mr. Wang is a former board member of General Bank, a Los Ange4les based financial institution with over $3 billion in assets.  He was actively involved in the strategic planning and growth of the bank and was instrumental in the bank’s formation of GBC Venture Capital in 1998.  He was a member of the executive loan committee and community reinvestment committee.  He was the principal strategist in the merger of General Bancorp with Cathay Bank in 2003.
 
 
In 2001, Mr. Wang was appointed by the former president of Taiwan to serve as a member of the Taiwan Parliament from 2001 – 2004.  As member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he participated and led several delegations on diplomatic and trade missions around the world for Taiwan.  He is currently a member of the advisory board for the Taiwan Parliament.
 
  Director Independence
 
We have four independent directors. An independent director is a person who meets the requirements set forth in our charter and who is not one of our officers or employees or an officer or employee of advisor, sponsor or their affiliates, and has not been so for the previous two years. Our independent directors also meet the director independence standards of the New York Stock Exchange, Inc.
 
  Committees of Our Board of Directors
 
Our board of directors may delegate many of its powers to one or more committees. Our charter requires that each committee consist of at least a majority of independent directors. Our board does not have a separately designated audit committee or other committee that performs similar functions.  Our board has one committee, the conflicts committee, which consists solely of independent directors, that is, all of our directors who are not affiliated with our advisor.
 
  Conflicts Committee
 
In order to reduce or eliminate certain potential conflicts of interest, our charter creates a conflicts committee of our board of directors, which is composed of all of our independent directors. Our charter authorizes the conflicts committee to act on any matter permitted under Maryland law. Both our board of directors and the conflicts committee must act upon those conflict-of-interest matters that cannot be delegated to a committee under Maryland law. Our charter also empowers the conflicts committee to retain its own legal and financial advisors at our expense. See Conflicts of Interest—Certain Conflict Resolution Measures, page 45 .
 
Our charter requires that the conflicts committee discharge the board’s responsibilities relating to the nomination of independent directors and the compensation of our independent directors. Our conflicts committee also discharges the board’s responsibilities relating to the compensation of our executives. Subject to the limitations in our charter and with stockholder approval, the conflicts committee may also create stock-award plans.
 
Members:
 
Mr. Jonathan Platt
Mr. Jeffrey Randolph
Mr. David Feinleib
Mr. Vipe Desai
 
Compensation of Directors
 
We will pay independent directors 100 Company shares for attending each board and audit or conflicts committee meeting.  All directors receive reimbursement of reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings of our board of directors. If a director is also one of our officers, we do not pay any compensation for services rendered as a director.
 
Limited Liability and Indemnification of Directors, Officers, Employees and Other Agents
 
To the extent permitted by Maryland law, our charter limits the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for monetary damages, and requires us to indemnify our directors, officers, advisor and sponsor and their affiliates for losses they may incur by reason of their service in that capacity if all of the following conditions are met:
 
 
the party seeking exculpation or indemnification has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in our best interests;
 
 
the party seeking exculpation or indemnification was acting on our behalf or performing services for us;
 
 
 
in the case of an independent director, the liability or loss was not the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct by the independent director;
 
 
in the case of a non-independent director, our advisor, our sponsor or one of their affiliates, the liability or loss was not the result of negligence or misconduct by the party seeking exculpation or indemnification; and
 
 
the indemnification is recoverable only out of our net assets and not from the common stockholders.
 
The SEC takes the position that indemnification against liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 is against public policy and unenforceable. Furthermore, our charter prohibits the indemnification of our directors, our advisor, our sponsor, and their affiliates for liabilities arising from or out of a violation of state or federal securities laws, unless one or more of the following conditions are met:
 
 
there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations;
 
 
such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction; or
 
 
a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against the indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the SEC and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which the securities were offered as to indemnification for violations of securities laws.
 
Our charter further provides that the advancement of funds to our directors and to our advisor and sponsor  and their affiliates for reasonable legal expenses and other costs incurred in advance of the final disposition of a proceeding for which indemnification is being sought is permissible only if (in addition to the procedures required by Maryland law) all of the following conditions are satisfied: the proceeding relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on our behalf; the legal proceeding was initiated by a third party who is not a common stockholder or, if by a common stockholder acting in his or her capacity as such, a court of competent jurisdiction approves such advancement; and the person seeking the advancement undertakes to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by us, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, if it is ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to indemnification.
 
We will purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of all of our directors and officers against liability asserted against or incurred by them in their official capacities with us, whether or not we are required or have the power to indemnify them against the same liability.
 
Advisor and Sponsor
 
Our advisor is Rich Uncles REIT Operator, LLC, a limited liability company formed in the State of Delaware, and our sponsor is Rich Uncles, Inc., a corporation that was formerly a limited liability company formed in the State of Delaware on May 5, 2006. Our advisor and sponsor are owned, controlled, and managed by a group of investors including Messrs. Hofer and Wirta. Its address is 3080 Bristol Street, Suite 550, Costa Mesa, CA 92626. Our advisor has contractual and fiduciary responsibilities to us and our stockholders.
 
Our sponsor has sponsored two previous real estate investment trusts, (i) Nexregen Firewheel Real Estate Investment Trust, or Firewheel, in 2007, to invest in a limited partnership that owned a shopping center in Garland, Texas and (ii) Rich Uncles Real Estate Investment Trust I, or Rich Uncles I, organized in 2012 to invest in in single-tenant income-producing corporate properties located in California, which are leased to creditworthy tenants under long-term net leases.
 
Our sponsor sold $360,500 of the Firewheel trust’s common stock and $1,497,222 in direct limited partnership interests to the public in a Texas-only offering registered with the Texas State Securities Board in 2007 and 2008. The trust converted to a limited partnership in 2008 and continues to hold its interest in the shopping center. As of June 26, 2015, 2015, Rich Uncles I has sold $11,882,669 of the Rich Uncles I trust’s common stock to the public in an ongoing California-only offering registered with the California Department of Business Oversight.
 
All of our administrative functions and operations are managed and performed by our advisor and its affiliates. Certain of our directors and executive officers are also managers and executive officers of our advisor and our sponsor. We do not have any employees. We entered into an advisory agreement with our advisor, which was unanimously approved by our board of directors, including our independent directors, and which appointed our advisor to manage, operate, direct and supervise our operations. In connection with advising us and managing our operations, our advisor will face conflicts of interest. See Risk Factors — Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest, page 13 . Our advisor is subject to the supervision of our board of directors and provides only the services that are delegated to it. Our independent directors are responsible for reviewing the performance of our advisor and determining that the compensation to be paid to our advisor is reasonable in relation to the nature and quality of services performed and that our investment objectives are being carried out.
 
 
Our advisor’s duties include, in general terms, offering services and administrative services. A portion of these services are delegated by our advisor to our sponsor and our advisor shares some it’s fees with our sponsor as a consequence pursuant to an agreement by and between our advisor and our sponsor.  More specifically, the offering services include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) the development of this Offering, including the determination of its specific terms and the marketing of the Shares offered by this Offering, (ii) preparation and approval of all marketing materials relating to this Offering, (iii) coordination with third parties with respect to the receipt, collection, processing and acceptance of subscription agreements and other administrative support functions. And, the administrative services include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) maintain accounting data and any other information requested concerning our activities as shall be appropriate or necessary, (ii) perform all record keeping requirements, prepare all financial statements, and prepare and file all periodic financial reports and returns required to be filed with any regulatory agency, (iii) arrange for administrative services and items, legal, accounting and other services necessary and incidental to our business and operations, (iv) perform tax and compliance services, and (v) manage communications with our shareholders, including responding to e-mails, preparing and sending written and electronic reports and other communications.
 
In addition,  our sponsor will sponsor investments in prospective and existing non-exchange listed public REITs and limited partnerships and will pursue other investment strategies concerning non-exchange listed public REITs and limited partnerships. Messrs. Hofer and Wirta have each been involved in real estate acquisition, financing, management, and disposition for more than 30 years. They have experienced multiple real estate cycles in their careers and have the expertise gained through hands-on experience in acquisitions, asset management, dispositions, development, leasing and property and portfolio management. We believe the experience of Messrs. Hofer and Wirta will allow us to successfully execute our business model.
 
Due to the public market’s preference for self-managed companies, a decision to list our shares on a national securities exchange might well be preceded by a decision to become self-managed. Given our advisor’s familiarity with our assets and operations, we might prefer to become self-managed by entering into a business combination transaction with our advisor, sponsor, or their affiliates (an “Internalization Transaction”). We cannot predict whether, and on what terms, an Internalization Transaction would occur in the future. Our charter would require that a majority of our board of directors (including a majority of the members of the conflicts committee) not otherwise interested in the transaction conclude that an Internalization Transaction is fair and reasonable to us.
 
The Advisory Agreement
 
Under the terms of the advisory agreement, our advisor uses its best efforts to present to us investment opportunities that provide a continuing and suitable investment program for us consistent with our investment policies and objectives as adopted by our board of directors. Pursuant to the advisory agreement, our advisor manages our day-to-day operations and performs other duties, including, but not limited to, the following:
 
 
finding, presenting and recommending to us real estate investment opportunities consistent with our investment policies and objectives;
 
 
structuring the terms and conditions of our investments, sales and co-ownerships;
 
 
acquiring real estate investments on our behalf in compliance with our investment objectives and policies;
 
 
arranging for financing and refinancing of our real estate investments;
 
 
entering into leases and service contracts for our properties;
 
 
reviewing and analyzing our operating and capital budgets;
 
 
assisting us in obtaining insurance;
 
 
generating an annual budget for us;
 
 
 
reviewing and analyzing financial information for each of our assets and the overall portfolio;
 
 
formulating and overseeing the implementation of strategies for the administration, promotion, management, operation, maintenance, improvement, financing and refinancing, marketing, leasing and disposition of our real estate investments;
 
 
performing investor-relations services;
 
 
maintaining our accounting and other records and assisting us in filing all reports required to be filed with the SEC, the Internal Revenue Service and other regulatory agencies;
 
 
engaging and supervising the performance of our agents, including registrar and transfer agents; and
 
 
performing any other services reasonably requested by us.
 
Additionally, we will reimburse our advisor for all of the costs incurred by our advisor or its affiliates in connection with our organization and offering subject a limit of 3.0% of gross offering proceeds.  Organization and offering expenses consist of the actual legal, accounting, printing, marketing, advertising, filing fees, transfer agent costs and other accountable offering-related expenses, including but not limited to: (i) amounts to reimburse our advisor and its affiliates (including our sponsor) for all marketing related costs and expenses; and (ii) facilities and technology costs, insurance expenses and other costs and expenses associated with this Offering and marketing of our Shares. The expenses and payments subject to reimbursement by us include personnel and related direct employment or overhead costs related to existing / prospective investor relations of our advisor and its affiliates.
 
If (i) we request that our advisor perform services that are outside of the scope of the advisory agreement or (ii) there are changes to the regulatory environment in which we and our advisor operate that would significantly increase the level of services performed by our advisor, such that the costs and expenses borne by our advisor for which it is not entitled to separate reimbursement for personnel and related employment direct costs and overhead under the advisory agreement would increase significantly, such services will be separately compensated at rates and in amounts as are agreed to by our Advisor and our independent trust managers.
 
See Compensation, page 39 , for a detailed discussion of the fees payable to our advisor under the advisory agreement. We also describe in that section our obligation to reimburse our advisor for certain expenses, including organization and offering expenses, the costs of providing services to us (other than for the employee costs in connection with services for which it earns acquisition fees or disposition fees, though we may reimburse our advisor for travel and communication expenses) and payments made by our advisor in connection with potential investments, whether or not we ultimately acquire the investment.  Our advisor in its sole discretion may defer any fee or reimbursement payable to it under the advisory agreement.  All or any portion of such fees or reimbursements not taken may be deferred without interest and paid when our advisor determines.
 
It is the duty of our board of directors to evaluate the performance of our advisor before renewing the advisory agreement. The criteria used in such evaluation will be reflected in the minutes of the meeting at which the performance and criteria are discussed. Our board of directors will determine that any successor entity possesses sufficient qualifications to perform the advisory functions and that the compensation provided for in the advisory agreement is justified.
 
The advisory agreement has a one year term but may be renewed for an unlimited number of successive one-year periods upon the mutual consent of our advisor and us. Additionally, either party may terminate the advisory agreement without cause or penalty upon 60 days’ written notice and, in such event, our advisor must cooperate with us and our directors in making an orderly transition of the advisory function. Upon termination of the advisory agreement, our advisor may be entitled to a termination fee if the then-NAV per share (based upon a then-commissioned independent NAV per share calculation) exceeds the NAV per share as of the end of the immediately preceding year. The termination fee would be payable in the form of our shares at NAV per share, subject to reasonable limitations on the ability of our advisor to submit these shares for share repurchase. See Compensation, page 39 .
 
Our advisor and its affiliates expect to engage in other business ventures and, as a result, they will not dedicate their resources exclusively to our business. However, pursuant to the advisory agreement, our advisor must devote sufficient resources to our business to discharge its obligations to us. Our advisor may assign the advisory agreement to an affiliate upon our approval. We may assign or transfer the advisory agreement to a successor entity.
 
 
Initial Investment by Advisor or Affiliates
 
Our sponsor has invested $100,000 in us by purchasing 10,000 shares of our common stock at $10.00 per share. Although nothing prohibits our advisor or its affiliates from acquiring additional shares of our common stock, our advisor currently has no options or warrants to acquire any shares. Our advisor and its affiliates have agreed to abstain from voting any shares they acquire in any vote regarding (i) the removal of our advisor, a director or any of their affiliates or (ii) any transaction between us and our advisor, a director or any of their affiliates. Our advisor is partially owned and significantly controlled by Messrs. Hofer, Mateen and Wirta.
 
Management Decisions
 
The primary responsibility for the management decisions of our advisor and its affiliates, including the selection of real estate investments to be recommended to our board of directors, the negotiation for these investments and asset management decisions, resides in Messrs. Hofer, Makler and Wirta. All proposed investments must be approved by at least a majority of our board of directors, including a majority our independent directors. Unless otherwise provided by our charter, the independent members of our board may approve a proposed investment without action by our full board of directors if the approving members of the independent members of our board constitute at least a majority of our total board of directors.
 
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
 
No shares of our common stock are currently issued and outstanding.  Upon the commencement of the offering, our sponsor has agreed to purchase 10,000 shares of our common stock for $10.00 ($100,000.00 total).  Our executive officers and board members may purchase shares of common stock at the same price and terms as other investors, but they do not presently have any plans to do so.
 
COMPENSATION
 
Although we have executive officers who manage our operations, we have no paid employees. Our advisor and the real estate professionals at our advisor manage our day-to-day affairs and our portfolio of real estate investments, subject to our board of directors’ supervision. The following table summarizes all of the compensation and fees that we pay to our advisor and its affiliates (including our sponsor), including amounts to reimburse their costs in providing services, and amounts that we pay to our independent directors.
 
 
Type of Compensation or Expense
Recipient and Method of Payment
   
ORGANIZATIONAL AND OFFERING STAGE
   
Reimbursement of Organization and Offering Expenses
We will reimburse our Advisor actual organizational and offering expenses up to 3.0% of gross offering proceeds.  We estimate that reimbursement of expenses will equal $3,000 if the minimum offering of $100,000 is sold and $30,000,000 if the maximum offering of $1,000,000,000 is sold.
   
OPERATING STAGE (1)
   
 
Actual fee amounts to be paid during the operating stage are dependent upon the value of each transaction to which the fee applied.  We cannot determine these amounts at the present time.
   
Acquisition Fee
For each acquisition, we will pay our Advisor the greater of $25,000 or 3.0% of the cost of the investment, not to exceed 6.0% when combined with all other broker fees related to such acquisition.
   
Asset Management Fee
We will pay our advisor and its affiliates 0.1% of the total investment value of the assets monthly. For purposes of this fee, “total investment value” means, for any period, the total of the aggregate book value of all of our assets, including assets invested, directly or indirectly, in Properties, before reserves for depreciation or bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves.
   
Financing Coordination Fee
Other than with respect to any mortgage or other financing related to a Property concurrent with its acquisition, if our advisor provides services in connection with the post-acquisition financing or refinancing of any debt that we obtain relative to Properties or the REIT, we will pay the advisor or its assignees a financing coordination fee equal to 1.0% of the amount of such financing.
   
Property Management Fees
Our Properties are intended to be triple-net single tenant properties with limited, if any, property management responsibilities.  However, if our advisor or its affiliates provides property management services for our Properties, we will pay fees equal to 1.5% of gross revenues from the Properties managed. We also will reimburse our advisor or its affiliates for property-level expenses that it pays or incurs on our behalf, including salaries, bonuses and benefits of persons employed by our advisor or affiliates except for the salaries, bonuses and benefits of persons who also serve as one of our executive officers. Our advisor or its affiliates may subcontract the performance of its property management duties to third parties and pay all or a portion of its property management fee to the third parties with whom it contracts for these services.
   
Operating Expenses (2)
We reimburse the expenses incurred by our advisor and its affiliates in connection with its provision of services to us, including our allocable share of our advisor’s overhead, such as rent, employee costs (including salaries and benefits), utilities and IT costs. We do not reimburse our advisor or its affiliates for employee costs in connection with services for which our advisor earns acquisition fees or disposition fees (other than reimbursement of travel, due diligence and other costs associated with potential investments, including investments that we do not purchase, and communication expenses) or for the salaries and benefits our advisor or its affiliates may pay to our executive officers.
 
Unless our directors make a finding, based on nonrecurring and unusual factors which they deem sufficient, that a higher level of expenses is justified for a period, we will not reimburse our advisor and its affiliates for any amount by which our operating expenses (including the asset management fee) at the end of the four preceding fiscal quarters exceeds the  greater of (i) 2% of average invested assets and (ii) 25% of net income other than any additions to reserves for depreciation, bad debt or other similar noncash reserves and excluding any gain from the sale of assets for that period. In the event that  annual operating expenses exceed these limits as of the end of  any fiscal quarter (for the 12 months then ended) the directors must within 60 days after the end of such quarter inform the shareholders of the factors the directors considered in arriving at the conclusion that such higher operating expenses were justified. If the directors do not determine the higher expenses were justified for the period, they must cause our advisor, sponsor and affiliates (as applicable) to reimburse us to the extent these limitations were exceeded. Additionally, we will not reimburse our advisor, sponsor and affiliates for personnel costs in connection with services for which any of them receives acquisition fees or disposition fees.
 
 
Type of Compensation or Expense
Recipient and Method of Payment
   
Independent Director Compensation (1)
We pay each of our independent directors for attending meetings as follows: (i) 100 shares for each board meeting attended; (ii) 100 shares for each conflicts committee meeting attended. All directors receive reimbursement of reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings of our board of directors.
   
Subordinated Participation in Distributions
40.0% of annual increase in NAV per share, if any, as of each December 31, multiplied by the number of outstanding shares as of such December 31, paid by January 31 of the subsequent year and payable in the form of our shares at the price then being paid by the public to purchase our shares (most recent NAV per share), subordinated to payment to investors of an annual 6.5% cumulative, non-compounded return in the calendar year preceding the January 31 payment date (from all sources including operating cash flow).  F or the purpose of calculating the subordinated participation, only increases over the highest previous NAV per share calculation shall be included.
   
DISPOSITION STAGE
   
Disposition Fees
For substantial assistance in connection with the sale of properties or other investments, we will pay our advisor or one of its affiliates 3.0% of the contract sales price of each property or other investment sold; provided, however, that if, in connection with such disposition, commissions are paid to third parties unaffiliated with our advisor or its affiliates, the disposition fees paid to our advisor, our sponsors, their affiliates and unaffiliated third parties may not exceed 6% of the contract sales price. Substantial assistance in connection with the sale of a property includes our advisor’s preparation of an investment package for the property (including a new investment analysis, rent rolls, tenant information regarding credit, a property title report, an environmental report, a structural report and exhibits) or such other substantial services performed by our advisor in connection with a sale.  We do not intend to sell properties or other assets to affiliates. However, if we do sell an asset to an affiliate, our organizational documents would not prohibit us from paying our advisor a disposition fee. Before we sold an asset to an affiliate, our charter would require that a majority of our board of directors (including a majority of the members of the conflicts committee) not otherwise interested in the transaction conclude that the transaction is fair and reasonable to us.
   
Subordinated Participation Fee
40.0% of annual increase in NAV per share, if any, as of each December 31, multiplied by the number of outstanding shares as of such December 31, paid by January 31 of the subsequent year and payable in the form of our shares at the price then being paid by the public to purchase our shares (most recent NAV/share), subordinated to payment to investors of an annual 6.5% cumulative, non-compounded return in the calendar year preceding the January 31 payment date (from all sources including operating cash flow). F or the purpose of calculating the subordinated participation, only increases over the highest previous NAV per share calculation shall be included.

(1)           Several of the fees we pay our advisor are a percentage of the purchase price or value of an investment, and these fees will be greater to the extent we fund acquisitions through the incurrence of debt which, along with our other liabilities, we expect to represent 50% of the cost of our tangible assets (before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves.
 
(2)           Total operating expenses means all expenses paid or incurred by us, as determined under GAAP, that are in any way related to our operation, including advisory fees, but excluding (i) the expenses of raising capital such as organization and offering expenses, legal, audit, accounting, registration and other fees; (ii) interest payments; (iii) taxes; (iv) non-cash expenditures such as depreciation, amortization and bad debt reserves; and (v) acquisition fees, acquisition expenses (including expenses relating to potential investments that we do not close), disposition fees on the sale of real property and other expenses connected with the acquisition, disposition and ownership of real estate interests or other property.
 
 
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
 
We are subject to various conflicts of interest arising out of our relationship with our advisor and its affiliates, some of whom serve as our executive officers and directors. We discuss these conflicts below and conclude this section with a discussion of the corporate governance measures we have adopted to ameliorate some of the risks posed by these conflicts.
 
Our Affiliates’ Interests in Other Rich Uncles-sponsored Programs and Rich Uncles-advised Investors
 
General
 
All of our executive officers, our affiliated directors and other key real estate professionals at our advisor are also: officers, directors, managers, key professionals and/or holders of a direct or indirect controlling interest in our sponsor and our advisor and/or other Rich Uncles-affiliated investment advisors of other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs or are the advisors of Rich Uncles-advised investors; and executive officers, affiliated directors and/or key professionals of Rich Uncles REIT I, which is also a public non-traded REITs advised by Rich Uncles. Through affiliates of our advisor, key real estate and debt finance professionals at our advisor also serve as investment advisors to Rich Uncles-advised investors. These individuals have legal and financial obligations with respect to those Rich Uncles-sponsored programs and Rich Uncles-advised investors that are similar to their obligations to us. In the future, these individuals and other affiliates of our advisor may organize other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs, serve as the investment advisor to other Rich Uncles-advised investors and acquire for their own account real estate investments that may be suitable for us.  All of these Rich Uncles-sponsored programs have investment objectives that are similar to ours. Conflicts of interest may arise between us and the programs that have not yet been liquidated, between us and future programs and between us and the Rich Uncles-advised investors.
 
Allocation of Investment Opportunities
 
We rely on our advisor and the real estate professionals of our advisor to identify suitable investments. Rich Uncles REIT I is also advised by our sponsor and relies on many of these same professionals. As such, other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs and Rich Uncles-advised investors that are seeking investment opportunities as of the date of this prospectus all rely on many of the same professionals, as will future Rich Uncles-sponsored programs and Rich Uncles-advised investors. Many investment opportunities that are suitable for us may also be suitable for other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs and Rich Uncles-advised investors.
 
Our acquisition stage will overlap to some extent with Rich Uncles REIT I and possibly future Rich Uncles-sponsored programs and Rich Uncles-advised investors.
 
When the Rich Uncles real estate professionals direct an investment opportunity to any Rich Uncles-sponsored program or Rich Uncles-advised investor, they, in their sole discretion, will offer the opportunity to the program or investor for which the investment opportunity is most suitable based on the investment objectives, portfolio and criteria of each program or investor. As a result, these Rich Uncles real estate professionals could direct attractive investment opportunities to other entities or investors. For so long as we are externally advised, our charter provides that it shall not be a proper purpose of the corporation for us to make any significant investment unless our advisor has recommended the investment to us. See Conflicts of Interests – Certain Conflict Resolution Measures, page 45 .
 
Competition for Tenants and Others
 
Conflicts of interest may exist to the extent that we acquire properties in the same geographic areas where other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs, Rich Uncles-advised investors or Rich Uncles-affiliated entities own properties. In such a case, a conflict could arise in the leasing of properties in the event that we and another Rich Uncles-sponsored program, Rich Uncles-advised investor or Rich Uncles-affiliated entity were to compete for the same tenants in negotiating leases, or a conflict could arise in connection with the resale of properties in the event that we and another Rich Uncles-sponsored program, Rich Uncles-advised investor or Rich Uncles-affiliated entity were to attempt to sell similar properties at the same time. See Risk Factors—Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest, page 13 . Conflicts of interest may also exist at such time as we or Rich Uncles seek to employ developers, contractors, building managers or other third parties. Our advisor and the advisors of other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs, Rich Uncles-advised investors and Rich Uncles-affiliated entities will seek to reduce conflicts that may arise with respect to properties available for sale or rent by making prospective purchasers or tenants aware of all such properties. Our advisor and the advisors of other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs, Rich Uncles-advised investors and Rich Uncles-affiliated entities will also seek to reduce conflicts relating to the employment of developers, contractors or building managers by making prospective service providers aware of all properties in need of their services. However, our advisor and the advisors of other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs, Rich Uncles-advised investors and Rich Uncles-affiliated entities cannot fully avoid these conflicts because they may establish differing terms for resales or leasing of the various properties or differing compensation arrangements for service providers at different properties.
 
 
Allocation of Our Affiliates’ Time
 
We rely on our advisor and the key real estate, management and accounting professionals our advisor has assembled, including Messrs. Wirta and Hofer, for the day-to-day operation of our business. Rich Uncles REIT I is also advised by our sponsor and relies on our sponsor and many of the same real estate, management and accounting professionals, as will future Rich Uncles-sponsored programs and Rich Uncles-advised investors. Further, our officers and affiliated directors are also officers and/or affiliated directors of all of the other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs. Mr. Hofer is also an executive officer of Rich Uncles REIT I. As a result of their interests in other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs, their obligations to Rich Uncles-advised investors and the fact that they engage in and they will continue to engage in other business activities on behalf of themselves and others, Messrs. Wirta and Hofer face conflicts of interest in allocating their time among us, our advisor, our sponsor, other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs, Rich Uncles-advised investors and other business activities in which they are involved. In addition, our advisor and its affiliates share many of the same key real estate, management and accounting professionals. Our executive officers and the key real estate, management and accounting professionals affiliated with our sponsor who provide services to us are not obligated to devote a fixed amount of their time to us.
 
Our sponsor believes that our executive officers and the other key professionals have sufficient time to fully discharge their responsibilities to us and to the other businesses in which they are involved. We believe that our affiliates and executive officers will devote the time required to manage our business and expect that the amount of time a particular executive officer or affiliate devotes to us will vary during the course of the year and depend on our business activities at the given time. It is difficult to predict specific amounts of time an executive officer or affiliate will devote to us. We expect that our executive officers and affiliates will generally devote more time to programs raising and investing capital than to programs that have completed their offering stages, though from time to time each program will have its unique demands. Because many of the operational aspects of Rich Uncles-sponsored programs are very similar, there are significant efficiencies created by the same team of individuals at our advisor providing services to multiple programs.
 
Receipt of Fees and Other Compensation by our Advisor, our Sponsor and their Affiliates
 
Our advisor and its affiliates receive substantial fees from us, which fees were not negotiated at arm’s length. These fees could influence our advisor’s advice to us as well as the judgment of its affiliates, some of whom also serve as our executive officers and affiliated directors, and the key real estate, management and accounting professionals at our advisor. Among other matters, these compensation arrangements could affect their judgment with respect to:
 
 
the continuation, renewal or enforcement of our agreements with our advisor and its affiliates, including the advisory agreement;
 
 
public offerings of equity by us, which will may result in increased acquisition fees and asset management fees;
 
 
sales of real estate investments, which entitle our advisor to disposition fees;
 
 
acquisitions of real estate investments, which entitle our advisor to acquisition fees based on the cost of the investment and asset management fees based on the cost of the investment, and not based on the quality of the investment or the quality of the services rendered to us, which may influence our advisor to recommend riskier transactions to us and/or transactions that are not in our best interest and, in the case of acquisitions of investments from other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs, which might entitle affiliates of our advisor to disposition fees and possible subordinated incentive fees in connection with its services for the seller;
 
 
borrowings to acquire real estate investments, which borrowings will increase the acquisition fees and asset management fees payable to our advisor; and
 
 
whether and when we seek to list our shares of common stock on a national securities exchange, which listing may make it more likely for us to become self-managed or internalize our management.
 
 
Our Board of Directors’ Loyalties to Rich Uncles REIT I and Possibly to Future Rich Uncles-Sponsored Programs
 
Most of our directors are also directors of Rich Uncles REIT I. The loyalties of our directors serving on the boards of directors of Rich Uncles REIT I, or possibly on the board of directors of future Rich Uncles-sponsored programs, may influence the judgment of our board when considering issues for us that also may affect other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs, such as the following:
 
 
The conflicts committee of our board of directors must evaluate the performance of our advisor with respect to whether our advisor is presenting to us our fair share of investment opportunities. If our advisor is not presenting a sufficient number of investment opportunities to us because it is presenting many opportunities to other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs or if our advisor is giving preferential treatment to other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs in this regard, our conflicts committee may not be well suited to enforce our rights under the terms of the advisory agreement or to seek a new advisor.
 
 
We could enter into transactions with other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs, such as property sales, acquisitions or financing arrangements. Such transactions might entitle our advisor or its affiliates to fees and other compensation from both parties to the transaction. For example, acquisitions from other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs might entitle our advisor’s affiliates to disposition fees and possible subordinated incentive fees in connection with its services for the seller, in addition to acquisition and other fees that we might pay to our advisor in connection with such transaction. Similarly, property sales to other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs might entitle our advisor’s affiliates to acquisition fees in connection with its services to the purchaser in addition to disposition and other fees that we might pay to our advisor in connection with such transaction. Decisions of our board or the conflicts committee regarding the terms of those transactions may be influenced by our board’s or the conflicts committee’s loyalties to such other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs.
 
 
A decision of our board or the conflicts committee regarding the timing of a debt or equity offering could be influenced by concerns that the offering would compete with an offering of other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs.
 
 
A decision of our board or the conflicts committee regarding the timing of property sales could be influenced by concerns that the sales would compete with those of other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs.
 
 
A decision of our board or the conflicts committee regarding whether and when we seek to list our shares of common stock on a national securities exchange could be influenced by concerns that such listing could adversely affect the sales efforts for other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs, depending on the price at which our shares trade.
 
Because most of our independent directors are also independent directors of Rich Uncles REIT I, they receive compensation for service on the boards of Rich Uncles REIT I. Like us, Rich Uncles REIT I pays each independent director meeting fees.  In addition, and like us, Rich Uncles REIT I reimburses directors for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings of the board of directors.
 
Fiduciary Duties Owed by Some of Our Affiliates to Our Advisor and Our Advisor’s Affiliates
 
All of our executive officers, our affiliated directors and our key real estate professionals are also officers, directors, managers, key professionals and/or holders of a direct or indirect controlling interest in or for:
 
 
our advisor and our sponsor; and
 
 
other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs.
 
Through Rich Uncles-affiliated entities, some of these persons also serve as the investment advisors to Rich Uncles-advised investors. As a result, they owe fiduciary duties to each of these Rich Uncles-sponsored programs, their stockholders, members and limited partners and the Rich Uncles-advised investors. These fiduciary duties may from time to time conflict with the fiduciary duties that they owe to us.
 
 
Certain Conflict Resolution Measures
 
Conflicts Committee
 
In order to ameliorate the risks created by conflicts of interest, our charter creates a conflicts committee of our board of directors composed of all of our independent directors. An independent director is a person who is not one of our officers or employees or an officer or employee of our advisor or its affiliates and has not been so for the previous two years and meets the other requirements set forth in our charter. All of our independent directors serve as independent directors of Rich Uncles REIT I.
 
Our charter authorizes the conflicts committee to act on any matter permitted under Maryland law. Both our board of directors and the conflicts committee must act upon those conflict-of-interest matters that cannot be delegated to a committee under Maryland law. Our charter also empowers the conflicts committee to retain its own legal and financial advisors at our expense. Among the matters we expect the conflicts committee to act upon are:
 
 
the continuation, renewal or enforcement of our agreements with our advisor and its affiliates, including the advisory agreement;
 
 
public offerings of securities;
 
 
sales of properties and other investments;
 
 
investments in properties and other assets;
 
 
borrowings;
 
 
transactions with affiliates;
 
 
compensation of our officers and directors who are affiliated with our advisor;
 
 
whether and when we seek to list our shares of common stock on a national securities exchange;
 
 
whether and when we seek to become self-managed; and
 
 
whether and when we seek to sell the company or substantially all of its assets.
 
All proposed investments must be approved by at least a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of the conflicts committee. Unless otherwise provided by our charter, the conflicts committee may approve a proposed investment without action by the full board of directors if the approving members of the conflicts committee constitute at least a majority of our board of directors.
 
Other Charter Provisions Relating to Conflicts of Interest
 
In addition to the creation of the conflicts committee, our charter contains many other restrictions relating to conflicts of interest including the following:
 
Advisor Compensation .  The conflicts committee evaluates at least annually whether the compensation that we contract to pay to our advisor and its affiliates is reasonable in relation to the nature and quality of services performed and whether such compensation is within the limits prescribed by the charter. The conflicts committee also supervises the performance of our advisor and its affiliates and the compensation we pay to them to determine whether the provisions of our compensation arrangements are being carried out. This evaluation is based on the following factors as well as any other factors deemed relevant by the conflicts committee:
 
 
the amount of the fees and any other compensation, including stock-based compensation, paid to our advisor and its affiliates in relation to the size, composition and performance of our investments;
 
 
 
whether the total fees and expenses incurred by us are reasonable in light of our investment performance, net assets, net income and the fees and expenses of other comparable unaffiliated REITs;
 
 
the success of our advisor in generating appropriate investment opportunities;
 
 
the rates charged to other companies, including other REITs, by advisors performing similar services;
 
 
additional revenues realized by our advisor and its affiliates through their relationship with us, including whether we pay them or they are paid by others with whom we do business;
 
 
the quality and extent of service and advice furnished by our advisor and its affiliates;
 
 
the performance of our investment portfolio; and
 
 
the quality of our portfolio relative to the investments generated by our advisor and its affiliates for their own account and for their other clients.
 
Under our charter, we can only pay our advisor or its affiliates a disposition fee or commission in connection with the sale of an asset if: (i) our advisor or its affiliates provide a substantial amount of the services in the effort to sell the asset; (ii) the fee does not exceed 3% of the sales price of the asset; and (iii) if in connection with a disposition, commissions are paid to third parties unaffiliated with our advisor or its affiliates, the commission paid to our advisor or its affiliates does not exceed 6% when combined with the commissions paid to such unaffiliated third parties.  We do not intend to sell assets to affiliates. However, if we do sell an asset to an affiliate, our organizational documents would not prohibit us from paying our advisor or its affiliates a disposition fee. Before we sold an asset to an affiliate, our charter would require that a majority of our board of directors (including a majority of the members of the conflicts committee) not otherwise interested in the transaction conclude that the transaction is fair and reasonable to us.
 
If we ever decided to become self-managed by acquiring our advisor and/or entities affiliated with our advisor, our charter would require that a majority of our board of directors (including a majority of the members of the conflicts committee) not otherwise interested in the Internalization Transaction (as defined) conclude that such Internalization Transaction is fair and reasonable to us.
 
Our charter also limits the amount of acquisition fees and acquisition expenses we can incur to a total of 6% of the contract purchase price for the property. This limit may only be exceeded if a majority of our board of directors (including a majority of the members of the conflicts committee) not otherwise interested in the transaction approves the fees and expenses and finds the transaction to be commercially competitive, fair and reasonable to us. Although our charter permits acquisition fees and acquisition expenses to equal 6% of the purchase price, our advisory agreement limits the acquisition fee to 3% of the purchase price (including any acquisition expenses and any debt attributable to such investments). Any increase in the acquisition fee stipulated in the advisory agreement would require the approval of a majority of the members of the conflicts committee.
 
Term of Advisory Agreement .  The conflicts committee or our advisor may terminate our advisory agreement with our advisor without cause or penalty on 60 days’ written notice. In such event, our advisor must cooperate with us and our directors in making an orderly transition of the advisory function.
 
Upon termination of the advisory agreement, our advisor may be entitled to a termination fee if (based upon an independent NAV per share calculation) it would have been entitled to a subordinated participation fee on the termination date. The termination fee would be payable in the form of our shares. The amount of the termination fee would be 40% of the amount by which (i) the NAV per share calculation exceeds the prior NAV per share high water mark multiplied by (ii) the number of shares outstanding on the termination date, subordinated to a 6.5%per year cumulative, non-compounded return on net capital contributions calculated since the last payment of the advisor’s subordinated participation fee. See Compensation, page 39 .
 
Our Acquisitions .  We will not purchase or lease assets in which our advisor, any of our directors or officers or any of their affiliates has an interest without a determination by a majority of our board of directors (including a majority of the members of the conflicts committee) not otherwise interested in the transaction that such transaction is fair and reasonable to us and at a price to us no greater than the cost of the asset to the affiliated seller or lessor, unless there is substantial justification for the excess amount. In no event may we acquire any such real property at an amount in excess of its current appraised value. An appraisal is “current” if obtained within the prior year. If a property with a current appraisal is acquired indirectly from an affiliated seller through the acquisition of securities in an entity that directly or indirectly owns the property, a second appraisal on the value of the securities of the entity shall not be required if (i) the conflicts committee determines that such transaction is fair and reasonable; (ii) the transaction is at a price to us no greater than the cost of the securities to the affiliated seller; (iii) the entity has conducted no business other than the financing, acquisition and ownership of the property; and (iv) the price paid by the entity to acquire the property did not exceed the current appraised value.
 
 
Our charter provides that the consideration we pay for real property will ordinarily be based on the fair market value of the property as determined by a majority of the members of our board of directors, or the approval of a majority of a committee of the board, provided that the members of the committee approving the transaction would also constitute a majority of the board. In cases in which a majority of our independent directors so determine, and in all cases in which real property is acquired from our advisor, any of our directors or officers or any of their affiliates, the fair market value shall be determined by an independent expert selected by our independent directors not otherwise interested in the transaction.
 
Other Transactions Involving Affiliates .  A majority of our board of directors (including a majority of the members of the conflicts committee) not otherwise interested in the transactions must conclude that all other transactions, between us and our advisor, any of our officers or directors or any of their affiliates are fair and reasonable to us and on terms and conditions not less favorable to us than those available from unaffiliated third parties.
 
Limitation on Operating Expenses .  Our advisor must reimburse us the amount by which our aggregate total operating expenses for the four fiscal quarters then ended exceed the greater of 2% of our average invested assets or 25% of our net income, unless the conflicts committee has determined that such excess expenses were justified based on unusual and non-recurring factors. Average invested assets means the average monthly book value of our assets during the 12-month period before deducting depreciation, bad debts or other non-cash reserves. Total operating expenses means all expenses paid or incurred by us, as determined under GAAP, that are in any way related to our operation, including advisory fees, but excluding (i) the expenses of raising capital such as organization and offering expenses, legal, audit, accounting, underwriting, brokerage, listing, registration and other fees, printing and other such expenses and taxes incurred in connection with the issuance, distribution, transfer, registration and listing of our stock on a national securities exchange; (ii) interest payments; (iii) taxes; (iv) non-cash expenditures such as depreciation, amortization and bad debt reserves; (v) reasonable incentive fees based on the gain from the sale of our assets; and (vi) acquisition fees, acquisition expenses (including expenses relating to potential investments that we do not close), disposition fees on the sale of real property and other expenses connected with the acquisition, disposition and ownership of real estate interests or other property (other than disposition fees on the sale of assets other than real property), including the costs of insurance premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair and improvement of property.
 
Repurchase of Our Shares .  Our charter provides that we may not repurchase shares of our common stock if such repurchase would materially impair our capital or operations as determined by our board of directors. In addition, our charter prohibits us from paying a fee to our advisor, our directors or officers, or any of their affiliates in connection with our repurchase of our common stock.
 
Loans to Affiliates .  We will not make any loans to our advisor or to our directors or officers or any of their affiliates. In addition, we will not borrow from these affiliates unless a majority of our board of directors (including a majority of the members of the conflicts committee) not otherwise interested in the transaction approves the transaction as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable and no less favorable to us than comparable loans between unaffiliated parties. These restrictions on loans will only apply to advances of cash that are commonly viewed as loans, as determined by our board of directors. By way of example only, the prohibition on loans would not restrict advances of cash for legal expenses or other costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which indemnification is being sought nor would the prohibition limit our ability to advance reimbursable expenses incurred by directors or officers or our advisor or its affiliates.
 
Reports to Stockholders .  Our charter requires that we prepare an annual report and deliver it to our common stockholders within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year. Our directors are required to take reasonable steps to ensure that the annual report complies with our charter provisions. Among the matters that must be included in the annual report or included in a proxy statement delivered with the annual report are:
 
 
financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP that are audited and reported on by independent certified public accountants;
 
 
the ratio of the costs of raising capital during the year to the capital raised;
 
 
 
the aggregate amount of advisory fees and the aggregate amount of other fees paid to our advisor  and any affiliates of our advisor by us or third parties doing business with us during the year;
 
 
our total operating expenses for the year stated as a percentage of our average invested assets and as a percentage of our net income;
 
 
a report from the conflicts committee that our policies are in the best interests of our common stockholders and the basis for such determination; and
 
 
a separately stated, full disclosure of all material terms, factors and circumstances surrounding any and all transactions involving us and our advisor, a director or any affiliate thereof during the year, which disclosure has been examined and commented upon in the report by the conflicts committee with regard to the fairness of such transactions.
 
Voting of Shares Owned by Affiliates .  Before becoming a common stockholder, our advisor and our directors and officers and their affiliates must agree to abstain from voting their shares of common stock in any vote regarding (i) the removal of any of them or their affiliates or (ii) any transaction between them and us.
 
Ratification of Charter Provisions .  Our board of directors and the conflicts committee reviewed and ratified our charter by the vote of a majority of their respective members, as required by our charter.
 
Internalization Fee
 
If we ever decided to become self-managed by acquiring our advisor and/or entities affiliated with our advisor, our charter would require that a majority of our board of directors (including a majority of the members of the conflicts committee) not otherwise interested in the transaction conclude that such Internalization Transaction is fair and reasonable to us and any fees or other compensation due by virtue of the Internalization Transaction to our advisor and/or affiliated entities are also fair and reasonable to us.
 
Allocation of Investment Opportunities
 
Many investment opportunities that are suitable for us may also be suitable for other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs, as well as for the Rich Uncles-advised investors for whom our advisor, our sponsor and their affiliates serve as investment advisors. Our sponsor is the advisor to Rich Uncles REIT I. When our advisor’s real estate professionals direct an investment opportunity to any Rich Uncles-sponsored program or Rich Uncles-advised investor, they, in their sole discretion, will have to determine the program or investor for which the investment opportunity is most suitable based on the investment objectives, portfolio and criteria of each program or investor. The factors that the real estate professionals will consider when determining the Rich Uncles-sponsored program or Rich Uncles-advised investor for which an investment opportunity would be the most suitable are the following:
 
 
the investment objectives and criteria of each program or investor;
 
 
the cash requirements of each program or investor;
 
 
the effect of the investment on the diversification of each program’s or investor’s portfolio by type of investment, risk of investment, type of commercial property, geographic location of properties, and tenants of properties;
 
 
the policy of each program or investor relating to leverage;
 
 
the anticipated cash flow of the property or asset to be acquired;
 
 
the income tax effects of the purchase on each program or investor;
 
 
the size of the investment; and
 
 
the amount of funds available to each program or investor and the length of time such funds have been available for investment.
 
 
If a subsequent event or development, such as a delay in the closing of a property or investment or a delay in the construction of a property, causes any investment, in the opinion of our advisor's real estate professionals, to be more appropriate for another Rich Uncles-sponsored program or a Rich Uncles-advised investor, they may offer the investment to such Rich Uncles-sponsored program or Rich Uncles-advised investor.
 
Our advisory agreement with our advisor requires that our advisor inform the conflicts committee each quarter of the investments that have been purchased by other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs and Rich Uncles-advised investors for whom our advisor or one of its affiliates serves as an investment advisor so that the conflicts committee can evaluate whether we are receiving our fair share of opportunities. Our advisor’s success in generating investment opportunities for us and the fair allocation of opportunities among Rich Uncles-sponsored programs and Rich Uncles-advised investors are important factors in the conflicts committee’s determination to continue or renew our arrangements with our advisor and its affiliates. The conflicts committee has a duty to ensure that favorable investment opportunities are not disproportionately allocated to other Rich Uncles-sponsored programs or Rich Uncles-advised investors. For so long as we are externally advised, our charter provides that it shall not be a proper purpose of the corporation for us to make any significant investment unless our advisor has recommended the investment to us.
 
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND CRITERIA
 
Overview
 
We expect to use substantially all of the net proceeds from this offering to acquire and manage a portfolio of real estate investments. We intend to invest primarily in single tenant income-producing corporate properties which are leased to creditworthy tenants under long-term net leases. While our focus is on single tenant net leased properties, we plan to diversify our portfolio by geography, investment size and investment risk with the goal of acquiring a portfolio of income-producing real estate investments that provides attractive and stable returns to our investors. Our investment objectives and policies may be amended or changed at any time by our board of directors. Although we have no plans at this time to change any of our investment objectives, our board of directors may change any and all such investment objectives, including our focus on single tenant properties, if it believes such changes are in the best interests of our stockholders. We intend to notify our stockholders of any change to our investment policies by disclosing such changes in a public filing such as a prospectus supplement, or through a filing under the Exchange Act, as appropriate. We cannot assure you that our policies or investment objectives will be attained or that the value of our common stock will not decrease.
 
Primary Investment Objectives
 
Our primary investment objectives are:
 
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to provide you with attractive and stable cash dividends; and
 
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to preserve and return your capital contribution.
 
We will also seek to realize growth in the value of our investment by timing the sale of the Properties to maximize asset value. We may return all or a portion of your capital contribution in connection with the sale of the REIT or the Properties. Alternatively, you may be able to obtain a return of all or a portion of your capital contribution in connection with the sale of your Shares. Though we intend to make quarterly distributions to our shareholders from cash flow from our operations, we may be unable or limited in our ability to make distributions to you.
 
While initial purchases of Properties will be funded with funds received from the sale of Shares, we anticipate incurring mortgage debt (not to exceed 50% of total value of all of our Properties) against pools of individual Properties, pledging such Properties as security for that debt to obtain funds to acquire additional Properties.
 
Investment Strategy
 
We will seek to acquire a portfolio consisting primarily of single tenant net leased properties throughout the United States diversified by corporate credit, physical geography, product type, and lease duration. Although we have no current intention to do so, we may also invest a portion of the net proceeds in single tenant net leased properties outside the United States. We intend to acquire assets consistent with our single tenant acquisition philosophy by focusing primarily on properties:
 
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leased on a “net” basis, where the tenant is responsible for the payment, and fluctuations in costs, of real estate and other taxes, insurance, utilities, and property maintenance;
 
 
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located in primary, secondary and certain select tertiary markets;
 
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leased to tenants with strong financial statements, including investment grade credit quality; and
 
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subject to long-term leases with defined rental rate increases.
 
We will seek to provide investors the following benefits:
 
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a cohesive management team experienced in all aspects of real estate investment with a track record of acquiring single tenant net leased properties;
 
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stable cash flow backed by a portfolio of single tenant net leased real estate assets;
 
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minimal exposure to operating and maintenance expense increases via the net lease structure where the tenant assumes responsibility for these costs;
 
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contractual rental rate increases enabling higher potential dividend distributions and a hedge against inflation;
 
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insulation from short-term economic cycles resulting from the long-term nature of the tenant leases;
 
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enhanced stability resulting from strong credit characteristics of most of the tenants; and
 
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portfolio stability promoted through geographic and product type investment diversification.
 
We cannot assure you that any of the properties we acquire will result in the benefits discussed above. S ee Risk Factors — Risks Related to Investments in Single Tenant Real Estate, page 23 .
 
General Acquisition and Investment Policies
 
We will seek to make investments that satisfy the primary investment objective of providing regular cash distributions to our stockholders. However, because a significant factor in the valuation of income-producing real property is its potential for future appreciation, we anticipate that some properties we acquire may have the potential both for growth in value and for providing regular cash distributions to our stockholders.
 
Although this is our current focus, we may make adjustments to our target portfolio based on real estate market conditions and investment opportunities. We will not forego a good investment because it does not precisely fit our expected portfolio composition. We believe that we are most likely to meet our investment objectives through the careful selection of assets. When making an acquisition, we will emphasize the performance and risk characteristics of that investment, how that investment will fit with our portfolio-level performance objectives, the other assets in our portfolio and how the returns and risks of that investment compare to the returns and risks of available investment alternatives. Thus, to the extent that our advisor presents us with what we believe to be good investment opportunities that allow us to meet the REIT requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, our portfolio composition may vary from what we initially expect. However, we will attempt to construct a portfolio that produces stable and attractive returns by spreading risk across different real estate investments.
 
Our advisor has substantial discretion with respect to the selection of specific properties. However, acquisition parameters will be established by our board of directors and potential acquisitions outside of these parameters will require approval by our board of directors. In selecting a potential property for acquisition, we and our advisor consider a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the following:
 
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tenant creditworthiness;
 
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lease terms, including length of lease term, scope of landlord responsibilities if any under the net lease context, and frequency of contractual rental increases;
 
 
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projected demand in the area;
 
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a property’s geographic location and type;
 
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proposed purchase price, terms and conditions;
 
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historical financial performance;
 
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a property’s physical location, visibility, curb appeal and access;
 
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construction quality and condition;
 
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potential for capital appreciation;
 
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demographics of the area, neighborhood growth patterns, economic conditions, and local market conditions;
 
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potential capital reserves required to maintain the property;
 
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the potential for the construction of new properties in the area;
 
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evaluation of title and obtaining of satisfactory title insurance; and
 
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evaluation of any reasonable ascertainable risks such as environmental contamination.
 
There is no limitation on the number, size or type of properties that we may acquire or on the percentage of net offering proceeds that may be invested in any particular property type or single property. The number and mix of properties will depend upon real estate market conditions and other circumstances existing at the time of acquisition and the amount of proceeds of this offering.
 
Description of Leases
 
We expect, in most instances, to acquire single tenant properties with existing net leases.  “Net” leases means leases that typically require tenants to pay all or a majority of the operating expenses, including real estate taxes, special assessments and sales and use taxes, utilities, insurance, common area maintenance charges, and building repairs related to the property, in addition to the lease payments. There are various forms of net leases, typically classified as triple-net or double-net. Under most commercial leases, tenants are obligated to pay a predetermined annual base rent. Most of the leases also will contain provisions that increase the amount of base rent payable at points during the lease term. Triple-net leases typically require the tenant to pay common area maintenance, insurance, and taxes associated with a property in addition to the base rent and percentage rent, if any. Double-net leases typically require the landlord to be responsible for structural and capital elements of the leased property. We anticipate that most of our acquisitions will have lease terms of five to 15 years at the time of the property acquisition. We may acquire properties under which the lease term has partially expired. We also may acquire properties with shorter lease terms if the property is located in a desirable location, is difficult to replace, or has other significant favorable real estate attributes. Generally, the leases require each tenant to procure, at its own expense, commercial general liability insurance, as well as property insurance covering the building for the full replacement value and naming the ownership entity and the lender, if applicable, as the additional insured on the policy. We may elect to obtain, to the extent commercially available, contingent liability and property insurance flood insurance, environmental contamination insurance, as well as loss of rent insurance that covers one or more years of annual rent in the event of a rental loss. However, the coverage and amounts of our insurance policies may not be sufficient to cover our entire risk.
 
Tenants will be required to provide proof of insurance by furnishing a certificate of insurance to our advisor on an annual basis. The insurance certificates will be tracked and reviewed for compliance.
 
 
Our Borrowing Strategy and Policies
 
We may incur our indebtedness in the form of bank borrowings, purchase money obligations to the sellers of properties and publicly or privately placed debt instruments or financing from institutional investors or other lenders. We may obtain a credit facility or separate loans for each acquisition. Our indebtedness may be unsecured or may be secured by mortgages or other interests in our properties. We may use borrowing proceeds to finance acquisitions of new properties, to pay for capital improvements, repairs or buildouts, to refinance existing indebtedness, to fund repurchases of our shares or to provide working capital. To the extent we borrow on a short-term basis, we may refinance such short-term debt into long-term, amortizing mortgages once a critical mass of properties has been acquired and to the extent such debt is available at terms that are favorable to the then in-place debt.
 
There is no limitation on the amount we can borrow for the purchase of any individual property. Our aggregate borrowings, secured and unsecured, must be reasonable in relation to our net assets, and we intend to utilize up to 50% leverage in connection with our acquisition strategy. Our charter limits our borrowing to 50% of our net assets (equivalent to 50% of the cost of our assets) unless any excess borrowing is approved by a majority of our independent directors and is disclosed to our stockholders in our next quarterly report, along with the justification for such excess.
 
We may borrow amounts from our advisor or its affiliates only if such loan is approved by a majority of our directors, including a majority of our independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction, as fair, competitive, commercially reasonable and no less favorable to us than comparable loans between unaffiliated parties under the circumstances.
 
Except as set forth in our charter regarding debt limits, we may re-evaluate and change our debt strategy and policies in the future without a stockholder vote. Factors that we could consider when re-evaluating or changing our debt strategy and policies include then-current economic and market conditions, the relative cost of debt and equity capital, any acquisition opportunities, the ability of our properties to generate sufficient cash flow to cover debt service requirements and other similar factors. Further, we may increase or decrease our ratio of debt to equity in connection with any change of our borrowing policies.
 
Acquisition Structure
 
Although we are not limited as to the form our investments may take, our investments in real estate will generally constitute acquiring fee title or interests in entities that own and operate real estate.
 
We will make acquisitions of our real estate investments directly through our operating partnership or indirectly through limited liability companies or limited partnerships, or through investments in joint ventures, partnerships, tenants-in-common, co-tenancies or other co-ownership arrangements with other owners of properties, affiliates of our advisor or other persons. See Risk Factors — General Risks Related to Investments in Real Estate, page 19 , and The Operating Partnership Agreement, page 85 .
 
Real Property Investments
 
Our advisor will be continually evaluating various potential property investments and engaging in discussions and negotiations with sellers regarding the purchase of properties for us and other programs sponsored by our sponsor. At such time while this offering is being conducted, if we believe that a reasonable probability exists that we will acquire a specific property, this prospectus will be supplemented to disclose the negotiations and pending acquisition of such property. We expect that this will normally occur upon the signing of a purchase agreement for the acquisition of a specific property, but may occur before or after such signing or upon the satisfaction or expiration of major contingencies in any such purchase agreement, depending on the particular circumstances surrounding each potential investment. A supplement to this prospectus will also describe any improvements proposed to be constructed thereon and other information that we consider appropriate for an understanding of the transaction. Further data will be made available after any pending acquisition is consummated, also by means of a supplement to this prospectus, if appropriate. The disclosure of any proposed acquisition cannot be relied upon as an assurance that we will ultimately consummate such acquisition or that the information provided concerning the proposed acquisition will not change between the date of the supplement and any actual purchase . We expect to possess what we believe will be adequate insurance coverage for all properties in which we invest. Most of our leases will require that our tenants procure insurance for both commercial general liability and property damage. In such instances, the policy will list us an additional insured. However, lease terms may provide that tenants are not required to, and we may decide not to, obtain any or adequate earthquake or similar catastrophic insurance coverage because the premiums are too high, even in instances where it may otherwise be available. See Risk Factors – General Risks Related to Investments in Real Estate, page 19 .
 
 
Conditions to Closing Acquisitions
 
Our advisor performs a diligence review on each property that we purchase. As part of this review, our advisor in most if not all cases obtains an environmental site assessment for each proposed acquisition (which at a minimum includes a Phase I environmental assessment). We will not close the purchase of any property unless we are generally satisfied with the environmental status of the property. We will also generally seek to condition our obligation to close the purchase of any investment on the delivery of certain documents from the seller. Such documents include, where available and appropriate:
 
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property surveys and site audits;
 
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building plans and specifications, if available;
 
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soil reports, seismic studies, flood zone studies, if available;
 
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licenses, permits, maps and governmental approvals;
 
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tenant leases and estoppel certificates;
 
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tenant financial statements and information, as permitted;
 
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historical financial statements and tax statement summaries of the properties;
 
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proof of marketable title, subject to such liens and encumbrances as are acceptable to us; and
 
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liability and title insurance policies.
 
Co- Ownership Investments
 
We may acquire some of our properties the form of a co-ownership, including but not limited to tenants-in-common and joint ventures, some of which may be entered into with affiliates of our advisor. See “Conflicts of Interest.” Among other reasons, we may want to acquire properties through a co-ownership structure with third parties or affiliates in order to diversify our portfolio of properties in terms of geographic region or property type. Co-ownership structures may also allow us to acquire an interest in a property without requiring that we fund the entire purchase price. In addition, certain properties may be available to us only through co-ownership structures. In determining whether to recommend a particular co-ownership structure, our advisor will evaluate the subject real property under the same criteria described elsewhere in this prospectus.
 
We may enter into joint ventures with affiliates of our advisor for the acquisition of properties, but only provided that:
 
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a majority of our directors, including a majority of our independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction, approve the transaction as being fair and reasonable to us; and
 
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the investments by us and such affiliate are on substantially the same terms and conditions.
 
To the extent possible and if approved by our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, we will attempt to obtain a right of first refusal or option to buy the property held by the co-ownership structure and allow such co-owners to exchange their interest for our operating partnership’s units or to sell their interest to us in its entirety. Entering into joint ventures with affiliates of our advisor will result in certain conflicts of interest. See “Conflicts of Interest.”
 
Government Regulations
 
Our business will be subject to many laws and governmental regulations. Changes in these laws and regulations, or their interpretation by agencies and courts, occur frequently.
 
 
Americans with Disabilities Act
 
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, or ADA, all public accommodations and commercial facilities are required to meet certain federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. These requirements became effective in 1992. Complying with the ADA requirements could require us to remove access barriers. Failing to comply could result in the imposition of fines by the federal government or an award of damages to private litigants. Although we intend to acquire properties that substantially comply with these requirements, we may incur additional costs to comply with the ADA. In addition, a number of additional federal, state and local laws may require us to modify any properties we purchase, or may restrict further renovations thereof, with respect to access by disabled persons. Additional legislation could impose financial obligations or restrictions with respect to access by disabled persons. Although we believe that these costs will not have a material adverse effect on us, if required changes involve a greater amount of expenditures than we currently anticipate, our ability to make expected distributions could be adversely affected. See Risk Factors — General Risks Related to Investments in Real Estate, page 19 .
 
Environmental Matters
 
Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be held liable for the costs of removing or remediating hazardous or toxic substances. These laws often impose clean-up responsibility and liability without regard to whether the owner or operator was responsible for, or even knew of, the presence of the hazardous or toxic substances. The costs of investigating, removing or remediating these substances may be substantial, and the presence of these substances may adversely affect our ability to rent properties or sell the property or to borrow using the property as collateral and may expose us to liability resulting from any release of or exposure to these substances. If we arrange for the disposal or treatment of hazardous or toxic substances at another location, we may be liable for the costs of removing or remediating these substances at the disposal or treatment facility, whether or not the facility is owned or operated by us. We may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from a site that we own or operate. Certain environmental laws also impose liability in connection with the handling of or exposure to asbestos-containing materials, pursuant to which third parties may seek recovery from owners or operators of real properties for personal injury associated with asbestos-containing materials and other hazardous or toxic substances. We maintain a pollution insurance policy for all of our properties to insure against the potential liability of remediation and exposure risk. See Risk Factors — General Risks Related to Investments in Real Estate, page 19 .
 
Other Regulations
 
The properties we acquire likely will be subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as zoning and state and local fire and life safety requirements. Failure to comply with these requirements could result in the imposition of fines by governmental authorities or awards of damages to private litigants. We intend to acquire properties that are in material compliance with all such regulatory requirements. However, we cannot assure you that these requirements will not be changed or that new requirements will not be imposed which would require significant unanticipated expenditures by us and could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
 
Disposition Policies
 
We generally intend to hold each property we acquire for an extended period. However, we may sell a property at any time if, in our judgment, the sale of the property is in the best interests of our stockholders.
 
The determination of whether a particular property should be sold or otherwise disposed of will generally be made after consideration of relevant factors, including prevailing economic conditions, other investment opportunities and considerations specific to the condition, value and financial performance of the property. In connection with our sales of properties, we may lend the purchaser all or a portion of the purchase price. In these instances, our taxable income may exceed the cash received in the sale.
 
We may sell assets to third parties or to affiliates of our advisor. Our conflicts committee of our board of directors, which is comprised solely of independent directors, must review and approve all transactions between us and our advisor and its affiliates. Please see “Management — Committees of the Board of Directors — Conflicts Committee” and “Conflicts of Interest.”
 
 
Investment Limitations in Our Charter
 
Our charter places numerous limitations on us with respect to the manner in which we may invest our funds. We will not:
 
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Invest in commodities or commodity future contracts;
 
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Invest more than 10% of total assets in unimproved real property or indebtedness secured by a deed of trust or mortgage loans on unimproved real property;
 
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Invest in indebtedness (“junior debt”) secured by a mortgage on real property which is subordinate to the lien of other indebtedness (“senior debt”), except where the amount of such junior debt, plus the outstanding amount of the senior debt, does not exceed 90% of the appraised value of such property, if after giving effect thereto, the value of all such investments (as shown on our the books in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles after all reasonable reserves but before provision for depreciation) would not then exceed 25% of our tangible assets. The value of all investments in our junior debt which does not meet the aforementioned requirements would be limited to 10% of our tangible assets (which would be included within the 25% limitation);
 
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Invest in contracts for the sale of real estate;
 
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Engage in any short sale, or borrow, on an unsecured basis unless the historical debt service coverage (in the most recently completed fiscal year) as adjusted for known changes is sufficient to properly service that higher level of debt;
 
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Engage in trading, as compared with investment activities;
 
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Acquire securities in any entity holding investments or engaging in activities prohibited by this section; or
 
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Engage in underwriting or the agency distribution of securities issued by others.
 
Affiliate Transaction Policy
 
Our board of directors has established a conflicts committee, which will review and approve all matters the board believes may involve a conflict of interest. This committee is composed solely of independent directors and will approve all transactions between us and our advisor and its affiliates. See Management — Committees of the Board of Directors — Conflicts Committee, page 35 , and Conflicts of Interest – Certain Conflict Resolution Measures, page 45 .”
 
We will not acquire any properties in which our sponsor, or its executive officers, owns an economic interest.
 
Investment Company Act and Certain Other Policies
 
General
 
We intend to conduct our operations so that neither we nor any of our subsidiaries will be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Under the relevant provisions of Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act, an investment company is any issuer that:
 
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is or holds itself out as being engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities (the “primarily engaged test”); or
 
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is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owns or proposes to acquire “investment securities” having a value exceeding 40% of the value of such issuer’s total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis (the “40% test”). “Investment securities” excludes U.S. government securities and securities of majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying private investment companies).
 
We believe that neither we nor our Operating Partnership will be required to register as an investment company based on the following analysis. With respect to the 40% test, most of the entities through which we intend to own our assets are majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying on the exceptions from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) (relating to private investment companies).
 
 
With respect to the primarily engaged test, we are a holding company and do not intend to invest or trade in securities ourselves. Rather, we are primarily engaged in the non-investment company businesses of these subsidiaries, namely the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring real estate and real estate-related assets.
 
We believe that we will be able to rely on Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act for an exception from the definition of an investment company. As reflected in no-action letters, the SEC staff’s position on Section 3(c)(5)(C) generally requires that an issuer maintain at least 55% of its assets in “mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate,” or qualifying assets; at least 80% of its assets in qualifying assets plus real estate-related assets; and no more than 20% of the value of its assets in other than qualifying assets and real estate-related assets, which we refer to as miscellaneous assets. To constitute a qualifying asset under this 55% requirement, a real estate interest must meet various criteria based on no-action letters. We expect that we will invest at least 90% of our assets in qualifying assets, and approximately an additional 10% of our assets in other types of real estate-related assets. We expect to rely on guidance published by the SEC staff or on our analyses of guidance published with respect to types of assets to determine which assets are qualifying real estate assets and real estate-related assets.
 
To avoid registration as an investment company, we expect to limit the investments that we make, directly or indirectly, in assets that are not qualifying assets and in assets that are not real estate-related assets. In 2011, the SEC issued a concept release indicating that the SEC and its staff were reviewing interpretive issues relating to Section 3(c)(5)(C) and soliciting views on the application of Section 3(c)(5)(C) to companies engaged in the business of acquiring mortgages and mortgage-related instruments. To the extent that the SEC or its staff provides guidance regarding any of the matters bearing upon the exceptions we and our subsidiaries rely on from registration as an investment company, we may be required to adjust our strategy accordingly. Any guidance from the SEC or its staff could further inhibit our ability to pursue the strategies we have chosen.
 
If at any time the character of our investments could cause us to be deemed as an investment company for purposes of the 1940 Act, we will take all necessary actions to attempt to ensure that we are not deemed to be an investment company. See Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure, page 15 . In addition, we do not intend to underwrite securities of other issuers or actively trade in loans or other investments.
 
Subject to the restrictions we must follow in order to qualify to be taxed as a REIT, we may make investments other than as previously described in this prospectus, although we do not currently intend to do so. We have authority to purchase or otherwise reacquire our shares of common stock or any of our other securities. We have no present intention of repurchasing any of our shares of common stock except pursuant to our share repurchase program, and we would only take such action in conformity with applicable federal and state laws and the requirements for qualifying as a REIT under the Code.
 
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
 
The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our common stock. The law firm of Strasburger & Price, LLP (“Strasburger”), has acted as our tax counsel and reviewed this summary. For purposes of this section, references to “Rich Uncles REIT,” “we,” “our” and “us” mean only Rich Uncles REIT, Inc. and not its subsidiaries or other lower-tier entities, except as otherwise indicated. This summary is based upon the Internal Revenue Code, the regulations promulgated by the U.S. Treasury Department, rulings and other administrative pronouncements issued by the Internal Revenue Service, and judicial decisions, all as currently in effect, and all of which are subject to differing interpretations or to change, possibly with retroactive effect. No assurance can be given that the Internal Revenue Service would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences described below. We have not sought and do not currently expect to seek an advance ruling from the Internal Revenue Service regarding any matter discussed in this prospectus. The summary is also based upon the assumption that we will operate Rich Uncles REIT and its subsidiaries and affiliated entities in accordance with their applicable organizational documents. This summary is for general information only and does not purport to discuss all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to a particular investor in light of its investment or tax circumstances or to investors subject to special tax rules, such as:
 
 
financial institutions;
 
 
insurance companies;
 
 
 
broker-dealers;
 
 
regulated investment companies;
 
 
partnerships and trusts;
 
 
persons who hold our stock on behalf of other persons as nominees;
 
 
persons who receive our stock through the exercise of employee stock options (if we ever have employees) or otherwise as compensation;
 
 
persons holding our stock as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion transaction,” “constructive ownership transaction,” “synthetic security” or other integrated investment;
 
 
“S” corporations;
 
and, except to the extent discussed below:
 
 
tax-exempt organizations; and
 
 
foreign investors.
 
This summary assumes that investors will hold their common stock as a capital asset, which generally means as property held for investment.
 
The federal income tax treatment of holders of our common stock depends in some instances on determinations of fact and interpretations of complex provisions of U.S. federal income tax law for which no clear precedent or authority may be available. In addition, the tax consequences to any particular stockholder of holding our common stock will depend on the stockholder’s particular tax circumstances. For example, a stockholder that is a partnership or trust that has issued an equity interest to certain types of tax-exempt organizations may be subject to a special entity-level tax if we make distributions attributable to “excess inclusion income.” A similar tax may be payable by persons who hold our stock as nominees on behalf of tax-exempt organizations. You are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding the federal, state, local and foreign income and other tax consequences to you in light of your particular investment or tax circumstances of acquiring, holding, exchanging, or otherwise disposing of our common stock.
 
Taxation of Rich Uncles REIT
 
We will elect to be taxed as a REIT commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2015. We believe that we have been organized and will operate in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT.
 
Strasburger, acting as our tax counsel in connection with this offering, has rendered an opinion that we will be organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2015, and that our proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2015. It must be emphasized that Strasburger’s opinion was based on various assumptions relating to our organization and proposed operation and was conditioned upon fact-based representations and covenants made by our management regarding our organization, assets, and income, and the past, present and future conduct of our business operations. While we intend to operate so that we qualify as a REIT, given the highly complex nature of the rules governing REITs, the ongoing importance of factual determinations, and the possibility of future changes in our circumstances, no assurance can be given by Strasburger or by us that we will qualify as a REIT for any particular year. The opinion was expressed as of the date issued and does not cover subsequent periods. Counsel has no obligation to advise us or our stockholders of any subsequent change in the matters stated, represented or assumed, or of any subsequent change in the applicable law. You should be aware that opinions of counsel are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service, and no assurance can be given that the Internal Revenue Service will not challenge the conclusions set forth in such opinions.
 
Qualification and taxation as a REIT depends on our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual operating results, distribution levels, and diversity of stock and asset ownership, various qualification requirements imposed upon REITs by the Internal Revenue Code, the compliance with which will not be reviewed by Strasburger. Our ability to qualify as a REIT also requires that we satisfy certain asset tests, some of which depend upon the fair market values of assets that we own directly or indirectly. Such values may not be susceptible to a precise determination. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of our operations for any taxable year will satisfy such requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT.
 
 
Taxation of REITs in General
 
As indicated above, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet, on a continuing basis, various qualification requirements imposed upon REITs by the Internal Revenue Code. The material qualification requirements are summarized below under Requirements for Qualification — General, page 59 . While we intend to operate so that we qualify as a REIT, no assurance can be given that the Internal Revenue Service will not challenge our qualification, or that we will be able to operate in accordance with the REIT requirements in the future. See “—Failure to Qualify.”
 
Provided that we qualify as a REIT, generally we will be entitled to a deduction for distributions that we pay to our stockholders and therefore will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on our taxable income that is currently distributed to our stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the “double taxation” at the corporate and stockholder levels that generally results from investment in a corporation. In general, the income that we generate is taxed only at the stockholder level upon distribution to our stockholders.
 
For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, most domestic stockholders that are individuals, trusts or estates are taxed on corporate distributions at a maximum rate of 20% (the same as long-term capital gains). With limited exceptions, however, distributions from us or from other entities that are taxed as REITs are generally not eligible for this rate and will continue to be taxed at rates applicable to ordinary income, which will be as high as 39.6%. See Taxation of Stockholders—Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders, page 66 .
 
Any net operating losses and other tax attributes generally do not pass through to our stockholders, subject to special rules for certain items such as the capital gains that we recognize. See Taxation of Stockholders, page 66 .
 
If we qualify as a REIT, we will nonetheless be subject to federal tax in the following circumstances:
 
 
We will be taxed at regular corporate rates on any undistributed taxable income, including undistributed net capital gains.
 
 
We may be subject to the “alternative minimum tax” on our items of tax preference, including any deductions of net operating losses.
 
 
If we have net income from prohibited transactions, which are, in general, sales or other dispositions of inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, other than foreclosure property, such income will be subject to a 100% tax. See Prohibited Transactions, page 65 .
 
 
If we elect to treat property that we acquire in connection with a foreclosure of a mortgage loan or certain leasehold terminations as “foreclosure property,” we may thereby avoid the 100% tax on gain from a resale of that property (if the sale would otherwise constitute a prohibited transaction), but the income from the sale or operation of the property may be subject to corporate income tax at the highest applicable rate (currently 35%).
 
 
If we should fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, as discussed below, but nonetheless maintain our qualification as a REIT because we satisfy other requirements, we will be subject to a 100% tax on an amount based on the magnitude of the failure, as adjusted to reflect the profit margin associated with our gross income.
 
 
If we should violate the asset tests (other than certain de minimis violations) or other requirements applicable to REITs, as described below, and yet maintain our qualification as a REIT because there is reasonable cause for the failure and other applicable requirements are met, we may be subject to an excise tax. In that case, the amount of the excise tax will be at least $50,000 per failure and, in the case of certain asset test failures, will be determined as the amount of net income generated by the assets in question multiplied by the highest corporate tax rate (currently 35%) if that amount exceeds $50,000 per failure.
 
 
If we should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (a) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year; (b) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for such year; and (c) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we would be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the sum of (i) the amounts that we actually distributed and (ii) the amounts we retained and upon which we paid income tax at the corporate level.
 
 
 
We may be required to pay monetary penalties to the Internal Revenue Service in certain circumstances, including if we fail to meet record keeping requirements intended to monitor our compliance with rules relating to the composition of a REIT’s stockholders, as described in Taxation of Rich Uncles REIT – Requirements for Qualification—General, page 59 .
 
 
A 100% tax may be imposed on transactions between us and a TRS (as described below) that do not reflect arm’s-length terms.
 
 
If we acquire appreciated assets from a corporation that is not a REIT (i.e., a corporation taxable under subchapter C of the Internal Revenue Code) in a transaction in which the adjusted tax basis of the assets in our hands is determined by reference to the adjusted tax basis of the assets in the hands of the subchapter C corporation, we may be subject to tax on such appreciation at the highest corporate income tax rate then applicable if we subsequently recognize gain on a disposition of any such assets during the ten-year period following their acquisition from the subchapter C corporation.
 
 
The earnings of our subsidiaries, including any subsidiary we may elect to treat as a TRS (as discussed below), are subject to federal corporate income tax to the extent that such subsidiaries are subchapter C corporations.
 
In addition, we and our subsidiaries may be subject to a variety of taxes, including payroll taxes and state and local and foreign income, property and other taxes on our assets and operations. We could also be subject to tax in situations and on transactions not presently contemplated.
 
Requirements for Qualification—General
 
The Internal Revenue Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association which has seven main attributes:
 
 
(1)
it is managed by one or more trustees or directors;
 
 
(2)
its beneficial ownership is evidenced by transferable shares, or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest;
 
 
(3)
it would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for its election to be subject to tax as a REIT;
 
 
(4)
it is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to specific provisions of the Internal Revenue Code;
 
 
(5)
its beneficial ownership is held by 100 or more persons;
 
 
(6)
during the last half of each taxable year, not more than 50% in value of its outstanding stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer “individuals” (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code to include specified tax-exempt entities); and
 
 
(7)
it meets other tests described below, including with respect to the nature of its income and assets.
 
The Internal Revenue Code provides that conditions (1) through (4) must be met during the entire taxable year, and that condition (5) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Conditions (5) and (6) need not be met during a corporation’s initial tax year as a REIT.
 
We believe that we have issued common stock in this offering with sufficient diversity of ownership to satisfy conditions (5) and (6). In addition, our charter provides restrictions regarding the ownership and transfer of our shares, which are intended to assist us in satisfying and continuing to satisfy the share ownership requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above. The provisions of our charter restricting the ownership and transfer of our common stock are described in Description of Shares—Restriction on Ownership of Shares, page 76 .
 
To monitor compliance with the share ownership requirements, we generally are required to maintain records regarding the actual ownership of our shares. To do so, we must demand written statements each year from the record holders of significant percentages of our stock pursuant to which the record holders must disclose the actual owners of the shares (i.e., the persons required to include our distributions in their gross income). We must maintain a list of those persons failing or refusing to comply with this demand as part of our records. We could be subject to monetary penalties if we fail to comply with these record-keeping requirements. If you fail or refuse to comply with the demands, you will be required by Treasury regulations to submit a statement with your tax return disclosing your actual ownership of our shares and other information.
 
 
In addition, a corporation generally may not elect to become a REIT unless its taxable year is the calendar year. We have adopted December 31 as our year-end, and thereby satisfy this requirement.
 
The Internal Revenue Code provides relief from violations of the REIT gross income requirements, as described under Income Tests, page 61 , in cases where a violation is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, and other requirements are met, including the payment of a penalty tax that is based upon the magnitude of the violation. In addition, certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code extend similar relief in the case of certain violations of the REIT asset requirements ( See Asset Tests, page 63 ) and other REIT requirements, again provided that the violation is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, and other conditions are met, including the payment of a penalty tax. If we fail to satisfy any of the various REIT requirements, there can be no assurance that these relief provisions would be available to enable us to maintain our qualification as a REIT, and, if such relief provisions are available, the amount of any resultant penalty tax could be substantial.
 
Effect of Subsidiary Entities
 
Ownership of Partnership Interests . If we are a partner in an entity that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, Treasury regulations provide that we are deemed to own our proportionate share of the partnership’s assets, and to earn our proportionate share of the partnership’s income, for purposes of the asset and gross income tests applicable to REITs. Our proportionate share of a partnership’s assets and income is based on our capital interest in the partnership (except that for purposes of the 10% value test, our proportionate share of the partnership’s assets is based on our proportionate interest in the equity and certain debt securities issued by the partnership). In addition, the assets and gross income of the partnership are deemed to retain the same character in our hands. Thus, our proportionate share of the assets and items of income of any of our subsidiary partnerships will be treated as our assets and items of income for purposes of applying the REIT requirements. For any period of time that we own 100% of our Operating Partnership, all of the Operating Partnership’s assets and income will be deemed to be ours for federal income tax purposes.
 
Disregarded Subsidiaries . If we own a corporate subsidiary that is a qualified REIT subsidiary, that subsidiary is generally disregarded for federal income tax purposes, and all of the subsidiary’s assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit are treated as our assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit, including for purposes of the gross income and asset tests applicable to REITs. A qualified REIT subsidiary is any corporation, other than a TRS (as described below), that is directly or indirectly wholly owned by a REIT. Other entities that are wholly owned by us, including single member limited liability companies that have not elected to be taxed as corporations for federal income tax purposes, are also generally disregarded as separate entities for federal income tax purposes, including for purposes of the REIT income and asset tests. Disregarded subsidiaries, along with any partnerships in which we hold an equity interest, are sometimes referred to herein as “pass-through subsidiaries.”
 
In the event that a disregarded subsidiary of ours ceases to be wholly owned—for example, if any equity interest in the subsidiary is acquired by a person other than us or another disregarded subsidiary of ours—the subsidiary’s separate existence would no longer be disregarded for federal income tax purposes. Instead, the subsidiary would have multiple owners and would be treated as either a partnership or a taxable corporation. Such an event could, depending on the circumstances, adversely affect our ability to satisfy the various asset and gross income requirements applicable to REITs, including the requirement that REITs generally may not own, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of the securities of another corporation. See Asset Tests, page 63 , and Income Tests, page 61 .
 
Taxable Corporate Subsidiaries . In the future we may jointly elect with any of our subsidiary corporations, whether or not wholly owned, to treat such subsidiary corporations as taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs. A REIT is permitted to own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. A domestic TRS is a fully taxable corporation that may earn income that would not be qualifying income if earned directly by the parent REIT. The subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation with respect to which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. We generally may not own more than 10% of the securities of a taxable corporation, as measured by voting power or value, unless we and such corporation elect to treat such corporation as a TRS. Overall, no more than 25% of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs.
 
The separate existence of a TRS or other taxable corporation is not ignored for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, a TRS or other taxable corporation generally would be subject to corporate income tax on its earnings, which may reduce the cash flow that we and our subsidiaries generate in the aggregate and may reduce our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
 
 
We are not treated as holding the assets of a TRS or other taxable subsidiary corporation or as receiving any income that the subsidiary earns. Rather, the stock issued by a taxable subsidiary to us is an asset in our hands, and we treat the distributions paid to us from such taxable subsidiary, if any, as income. This treatment can affect our income and asset test calculations, as described below. Because we do not include the assets and income of TRSs or other taxable subsidiary corporations in determining our compliance with the REIT requirements, we may use such entities to undertake indirectly activities that the REIT rules might otherwise preclude us from doing directly or through pass-through subsidiaries. For example, we may use TRSs or other taxable subsidiary corporations to conduct activities that give rise to certain categories of income such as management fees or activities that would be treated in our hands as prohibited transactions.
 
Certain restrictions imposed on TRSs are intended to ensure that such entities will be subject to appropriate levels of U.S. federal income taxation. First, a TRS with a debt-equity ratio in excess of 1.5 to 1 may not deduct interest payments made in any year to an affiliated REIT to the extent that such payments exceed, generally, 50% of the TRS’s adjusted taxable income for that year (although the TRS may carry forward to, and deduct in, a succeeding year the disallowed interest amount if the 50% test is satisfied in that year). In addition, if amounts are paid to a REIT or deducted by a TRS due to transactions between the REIT and a TRS that exceed the amount that would be paid to or deducted by a party in an arm’s-length transaction, the REIT generally will be subject to an excise tax equal to 100% of such excess. We intend to scrutinize all of our transactions with any of our subsidiaries that are treated as a TRS in an effort to ensure that we do not become subject to this excise tax; however, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in avoiding this excise tax.
 
We may own TRSs that are organized outside of the United States. For example, we may hold certain investments and instruments through TRSs to the extent that direct ownership by us could jeopardize our compliance with the REIT qualification requirements, and we may make TRS elections with respect to certain offshore issuers of certain instruments to the extent that we do not own 100% of the offshore issuer’s equity. Special rules apply in the case of income earned by a taxable subsidiary corporation that is organized outside of the United States. Depending upon the nature of the subsidiary’s income, the parent REIT may be required to include in its taxable income an amount equal to its share of the subsidiary’s income, without regard to whether, or when, such income is distributed by the subsidiary. See Income Tests, page 61 . A TRS that is organized outside of the United States may, depending upon the nature of its operations, be subject to little or no federal income tax. There is a specific exemption from federal income tax for non-U.S. corporations that restrict their activities in the United States to trading stock and securities (or any activity closely related thereto) for their own account, whether such trading (or such other activity) is conducted by the corporation or its employees through a resident broker, commission agent, custodian or other agent. We currently expect that any offshore TRSs will rely on that exemption or otherwise operate in a manner so that they will generally not be subject to federal income tax on their net income at the entity level.
 
Income Tests
 
In order to qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income requirements on an annual basis. First, at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable year, excluding gross income from sales of inventory or dealer property in “prohibited transactions,” generally must be derived from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property, including interest income derived from mortgage loans secured by real property (including certain types of mortgage-backed securities), “rents from real property,” distributions received from other REITs and gains from the sale of real estate assets, as well as specified income from temporary investments. Second, at least 95% of our gross income in each taxable year, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions and certain hedging transactions, must be derived from some combination of such income from investments in real property (i.e., income that qualifies under the 75% income test described above), as well as other distributions, interest and gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities, which need not have any relation to real property.
 
Interest income constitutes qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% income test (as described above) to the extent that the obligation upon which such interest is paid is secured by a mortgage on real property. If we receive interest income with respect to a mortgage loan that is secured by both real property and other property, and the highest principal amount of the loan outstanding during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the real property on the date that we acquired or originated the mortgage loan, the interest income will be apportioned between the real property and the other collateral, and our income from the arrangement will qualify for purposes of the 75% income test only to the extent that the interest is allocable to the real property. Even if a loan is not secured by real property, or is undersecured, the income that it generates may nonetheless qualify for purposes of the 95% income test.
 
 
To the extent that the terms of a loan provide for contingent interest that is based on the cash proceeds realized upon the sale of the property securing the loan (which we refer to as a shared appreciation provision), income attributable to the participation feature will be treated as gain from sale of the underlying property, which generally will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests provided that the real property is not held as inventory or dealer property or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. To the extent that we derive interest income from a mortgage loan or income from the rental of real property (discussed below) where all or a portion of the amount of interest or rental income payable is contingent, such income generally will qualify for purposes of the gross income tests only if it is based upon the gross receipts or sales and not on the net income or profits of the borrower or lessee. This limitation does not apply, however, where the borrower or lessee leases substantially all of its interest in the property to tenants or subtenants to the extent that the rental income derived by the borrower or lessee, as the case may be, would qualify as rents from real property had we earned the income directly.
 
We and our subsidiaries may invest in mezzanine loans, which are loans secured by equity interests in an entity that directly or indirectly owns real property, rather than by a direct mortgage of the real property. The Internal Revenue Service has issued Revenue Procedure 2003-65, which provides a safe harbor applicable to mezzanine loans. Under the Revenue Procedure, if a mezzanine loan meets each of the requirements contained in the Revenue Procedure, (1) the mezzanine loan will be treated by the Internal Revenue Service as a real estate asset for purposes of the asset tests described below and (2) interest derived from the mezzanine loan will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% income test. Although the Revenue Procedure provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers may rely, it does not prescribe rules of substantive tax law. We intend to structure any investments in mezzanine loans in a manner that generally complies with the various requirements applicable to our qualification as a REIT. However, the extent that any of our mezzanine loans do not meet all of the requirements for reliance on the safe harbor set forth in the Revenue Procedure, there can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service will not challenge the tax treatment of these loans.
 
Rents received by us will qualify as “rents from real property” in satisfying the gross income requirements described above only if several conditions are met. If rent is partly attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property, the portion of the rent that is attributable to the personal property will not qualify as “rents from real property” unless it constitutes 15% or less of the total rent received under the lease. In addition, the amount of rent must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. Amounts received as rent, however, generally will not be excluded from rents from real property solely by reason of being based on fixed percentages of gross receipts or sales. Moreover, for rents received to qualify as “rents from real property,” we generally must not operate or manage the property or furnish or render services to the tenants of such property, other than through an “independent contractor” from which we derive no revenue. We are permitted, however, to perform services that are “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only and which are not otherwise considered rendered to the occupant of the property. In addition, we may directly or indirectly provide noncustomary services to tenants of our properties without disqualifying all of the rent from the property if the payments for such services do not exceed 1% of the total gross income from the properties. For purposes of this test, we are deemed to have received income from such non-customary services in an amount at least 150% of the direct cost of providing the services. Moreover, we are generally permitted to provide services to tenants or others through a TRS without disqualifying the rental income received from tenants for purposes of the income tests. Also, rental income will qualify as rents from real property only to the extent that we do not directly or constructively hold a 10% or greater interest, as measured by vote or value, in the lessee’s equity.
 
We may directly or indirectly receive distributions from TRSs or other corporations that are not REITs or qualified REIT subsidiaries. These distributions generally are treated as dividend income to the extent of the earnings and profits of the distributing corporation. Such distributions will generally constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Any distributions that we receive from a REIT, however, will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 95% and 75% income tests.
 
We and our subsidiaries may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Hedging transactions could take a variety of forms, including interest rate swap agreements, interest rate cap agreements, options, futures contracts, forward rate agreements or similar financial instruments. Except to the extent provided by Treasury regulations, any income from a hedging transaction we entered into (1) in the normal course of our business primarily to manage risk of interest rate, inflation and/or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made, or ordinary obligations incurred or to be incurred, to acquire or carry real estate assets, which is clearly identified as specified in Treasury regulations before the closing of the day on which it was acquired, originated or entered into, including gain from the sale or disposition of such a transaction, and (2) primarily to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain that would be qualifying income under the 75% or 95% income tests which is clearly identified as such before the closing of the day on which it was acquired, originated or entered into, will not constitute gross income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our qualification as a REIT.
 
 
If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we may still qualify as a REIT for such year if we are entitled to relief under applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. These relief provisions will be generally available if (1) our failure to meet these tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and (2) following our identification of the failure to meet the 75% or 95% gross income test for any taxable year, we file a schedule with the Internal Revenue Service setting forth each item of our gross income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income test for such taxable year in accordance with Treasury regulations yet to be issued. It is not possible to state whether we would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions in all circumstances. If these relief provisions are inapplicable to a particular set of circumstances, we will not qualify as a REIT. As discussed above under Taxation of REITs in General, page 58 , even where these relief provisions apply, the Internal Revenue Code imposes a tax based upon the amount by which we fail to satisfy the particular gross income test.
 
Asset Tests
 
At the close of each calendar quarter, we must also satisfy four tests relating to the nature of our assets. First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must be represented by some combination of “real estate assets,” cash, cash items, U.S. government securities and, under some circumstances, stock or debt instruments purchased with new capital. For this purpose, real estate assets include interests in real property, such as land, buildings, leasehold interests in real property, stock of other corporations that qualify as REITs and some kinds of mortgage-backed securities and mortgage loans. Assets that do not qualify for purposes of the 75% test are subject to the additional asset tests described below.
 
Second, the value of any one issuer’s securities that we own may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets.
 
Third, we may not own more than 10% of any one issuer’s outstanding securities, as measured by either voting power or value. The 5% and 10% asset tests do not apply to securities of TRSs and qualified REIT subsidiaries and the 10% asset test does not apply to “straight debt” having specified characteristics and to certain other securities described below. Solely for purposes of the 10% asset test, the determination of our interest in the assets of a partnership or limited liability company in which we own an interest will be based on our proportionate interest in any securities issued by the partnership or limited liability company, excluding for this purpose certain securities described in the Internal Revenue Code. Fourth, the aggregate value of all securities of taxable REIT subsidiaries that we hold may not exceed 25% of the value of our total assets.
 
Notwithstanding the general rule, as noted above, that for purposes of the REIT income and asset tests we are treated as owning our proportionate share of the underlying assets of a subsidiary partnership, if we hold indebtedness issued by a partnership, the indebtedness will be subject to, and may cause a violation of, the asset tests unless the indebtedness is a qualifying mortgage asset or other conditions are met. Similarly, although stock of another REIT is a qualifying asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests, any non-mortgage debt that is issued by another REIT may not so qualify (such debt, however, will not be treated as “securities” for purposes of the 10% asset test, as explained below).
 
Certain relief provisions are available to REITs to satisfy the asset requirements or to maintain REIT qualification notwithstanding certain violations of the asset and other requirements. One such provision allows a REIT which fails one or more of the asset requirements to nevertheless maintain its REIT qualification if (1) the REIT provides the Internal Revenue Service with a description of each asset causing the failure; (2) the failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect; (3) the REIT pays a tax equal to the greater of (a) $50,000 per failure and (b) the product of the net income generated by the assets that caused the failure multiplied by the highest applicable corporate tax rate (currently 35%); and (4) the REIT either disposes of the assets causing the failure within six months after the last day of the quarter in which it identifies the failure, or otherwise satisfies the relevant asset tests within that time frame.
 
In the case of de minimis violations of the 10% and 5% asset tests, a REIT may maintain its qualification despite a violation of such requirements if (1) the value of the assets causing the violation does not exceed the lesser of 1% of the REIT’s total assets and $10,000,000, and (2) the REIT either disposes of the assets causing the failure within six months after the last day of the quarter in which it identifies the failure, or the relevant tests are otherwise satisfied within that time frame.
 
 
Certain securities will not cause a violation of the 10% asset test described above. Such securities include instruments that constitute “straight debt,” which includes, among other things, securities having certain contingency features. A security does not qualify as “straight debt” where a REIT (or a controlled TRS of the REIT) owns other securities of the same issuer which do not qualify as straight debt, unless the value of those other securities constitute, in the aggregate, 1% or less of the total value of that issuer’s outstanding securities. In addition to straight debt, the Internal Revenue Code provides that certain other securities will not violate the 10% asset test. Such securities include (1) any loan made to an individual or an estate; (2) certain rental agreements pursuant to which one or more payments are to be made in subsequent years (other than agreements between a REIT and certain persons related to the REIT under attribution rules); (3) any obligation to pay rents from real property; (4) securities issued by governmental entities that are not dependent in whole or in part on the profits of (or payments made by) a non-governmental entity; (5) any security (including debt securities) issued by another REIT; and (6) any debt instrument issued by a partnership if the partnership’s income is of a nature that it would satisfy the 75% gross income test described above under Income Tests, page 61 . In applying the 10% asset test, a debt security issued by a partnership is not taken into account to the extent, if any, of the REIT’s proportionate interest in the equity and certain debt securities issued by that partnership.
 
No independent appraisals will be obtained to support our conclusions as to the value of our total assets or the value of any particular security or securities. Moreover, values of some assets, including instruments issued in securitization transactions, may not be susceptible to a precise determination, and values are subject to change in the future. Furthermore, the proper classification of an instrument as debt or equity for federal income tax purposes may be uncertain in some circumstances, which could affect the application of the REIT asset requirements. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service will not contend that our interests in our subsidiaries or in the securities of other issuers will not cause a violation of the REIT asset tests. If we should fail to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a calendar quarter, such a failure would not cause us to lose our REIT qualification if we (1) satisfied the asset tests at the close of the preceding calendar quarter and (2) the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset requirements was not wholly or partly caused by an acquisition of non-qualifying assets, but instead arose from changes in the market value of our assets. If the condition described in (2) were not satisfied, we still could avoid disqualification by eliminating any discrepancy within 30 days after the close of the calendar quarter in which it arose or by making use of relief provisions described below.
 
Annual Distribution Requirements
 
In order to qualify as a REIT, we are required to make distributions, other than capital gain distributions, to our stockholders in an amount at least equal to:
 
 
(a)
90% of our “REIT taxable income,” computed without regard to our net capital gains and the dividends-paid deduction, minus
 
 
(b)
the sum of specified items of non-cash income.
 
We generally must make these distributions in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if declared before we timely file our tax return for the year and if paid with or before the first regular distribution payment after such declaration. In order for distributions to be counted for this purpose, and to provide a tax deduction for us, the distributions must not be “preferential dividends.” A distribution is not a preferential dividend if the distribution is (1) pro rata among all outstanding shares of stock within a particular class and (2) in accordance with the preferences among different classes of stock as set forth in our organizational documents.
 
To the extent that we distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our “REIT taxable income,” as adjusted, we will be subject to tax at ordinary corporate tax rates on the retained portion. We may elect to retain, rather than distribute, our net long-term capital gains and pay tax on such gains. In this case, we could elect for our stockholders to include their proportionate shares of such undistributed long-term capital gains in income, and to receive a corresponding credit for their share of the tax that we paid.  Our stockholders would then increase their adjusted basis of their stock by the difference between (a) the amounts of capital gain distributions that we designated and that they include in their taxable income minus (b) the tax that we paid on their behalf with respect to that income.
 
To the extent that we have available net operating losses carried forward from prior tax years, such losses may reduce the amount of distributions that we must make in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. Such losses, however, will generally not affect the character, in the hands of our stockholders, of any distributions that are actually made as ordinary dividends or capital gains. See Taxation of Stockholders — Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders, page 66 .
 
If we should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (a) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year; (b) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for such year; and (c) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we would be subject to a non-deductible 4% excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the sum of (x) the amounts actually distributed plus (y) the amounts of income we retained and on which we have paid corporate income tax.
 
 
It is possible that, from time to time, we may not have sufficient cash to meet the distribution requirements due to timing differences between (a) our actual receipt of cash, including receipt of distributions from our subsidiaries and (b) our inclusion of items in income for federal income tax purposes.
 
In the event that such timing differences occur, in order to meet the distribution requirements, it might be necessary for us to arrange for short-term, or possibly long-term, borrowings, or to pay distributions in the form of taxable in-kind distributions of property.
 
We may be able to rectify a failure to meet the distribution requirements for a year by paying “deficiency dividends” to stockholders in a later year, which may be included in our deduction for distributions paid for the earlier year. In this case, we may be able to avoid losing REIT qualification or being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends. We will be required to pay interest and a penalty based on the amount of any deduction taken for deficiency dividends.
 
Failure to Qualify
 
If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification other than the gross income or asset tests, we could avoid disqualification if our failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect and we pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. Relief provisions are available for failures of the gross income tests and asset tests, as described above in Income Tests, page 61 and Asset Tests, page 63 .
 
If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, and the relief provisions described above do not apply, we would be subject to tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. We cannot deduct distributions to stockholders in any year in which we are not a REIT, nor would we be required to make distributions in such a year. In this situation, to the extent of current and accumulated earnings and profits, distributions to domestic stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates will generally be taxable at capital gains rates. In addition, subject to the limitations of the Internal Revenue Code, corporate distributees may be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Unless we are entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we would also be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we lost qualification. It is not possible to state whether, in all circumstances, we would be entitled to this statutory relief.
 
Prohibited Transactions
 
Net income that we derive from a prohibited transaction is subject to a 100% tax. The term prohibited transaction generally includes a sale or other disposition of property that is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. We intend to conduct our operations so that no asset that we own (or are treated as owning) will be treated as, or as having been, held for sale to customers, and that a sale of any such asset will not be treated as having been in the ordinary course of our business. Whether property is held “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business” depends on the particular facts and circumstances. No assurance can be given that any property that we sell will not be treated as property held for sale to customers, or that we can comply with certain safe-harbor provisions of the Internal Revenue Code that would prevent such treatment. The 100% tax does not apply to gains from the sale of property that is held through a TRS or other taxable corporation, although such income will potentially be subject to tax in the hands of the corporation at regular corporate rates, nor does the 100% tax apply to sales that qualify for a safe harbor as described in Section 857(b)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code.
 
Derivatives and Hedging Transactions
 
We and our subsidiaries may enter into hedging transactions with respect to interest rate exposure on one or more of our assets or liabilities. Hedging transactions could take a variety of forms, including the use of derivative instruments such as interest rate swap agreements, interest rate cap agreements, options, futures contracts, forward rate agreements or similar financial instruments. Except to the extent provided by Treasury regulations, any income from a hedging transaction we entered into (1) in the normal course of our business primarily to manage risk of interest rate, inflation and/or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made, or ordinary obligations incurred or to be incurred, to acquire or carry real estate assets, which is clearly identified as specified in Treasury regulations before the closing of the day on which it was acquired, originated or entered into, including gain from the sale or disposition of such a transaction and (2) primarily to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain that would be qualifying income under the 75% or 95% income tests which is clearly identified as such before the closing of the day on which it was acquired, originated, or entered into, will not constitute gross income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our qualification as a REIT. We may conduct some or all of our hedging activities through our TRS or other corporate entity, the income from which may be subject to federal income tax, rather than by participating in the arrangements directly or through pass-through subsidiaries. No assurance can be given, however, that our hedging activities will not give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of either or both of the REIT gross income tests, or that our hedging activities will not adversely affect our ability to satisfy the REIT qualification requirements.
 
 
Taxation of Stockholders
 
Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders
 
Definitions. In this section, the phrase “domestic stockholder” means a holder of our common stock that for federal income tax purposes is:
 
 
a citizen or resident of the United States;
 
 
a corporation or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of any political subdivision thereof;
 
 
an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
 
 
a trust, if (1) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) it has a valid election in place to be treated as a U.S. person.
 
If a partnership, including for this purpose any entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holds our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. An investor that is a partnership and the partners in such partnership should consult their tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common stock.
 
Distributions . So long as we qualify as a REIT, the distributions that we make to our taxable domestic stockholders out of current or accumulated earnings and profits that we do not designate as capital gain distributions will generally be taken into account by stockholders as ordinary income and will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporations. With limited exceptions, our distributions are not eligible for taxation at the preferential income tax rates (i.e., the 20% maximum federal rate) for qualified distributions received by domestic stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates from taxable C corporations. Such stockholders, however, are taxed at the preferential rates on distributions designated by and received from REITs to the extent that the distributions are attributable to:
 
 
income retained by the REIT in the prior taxable year on which the REIT was subject to corporate level income tax (less the amount of tax);
 
 
distributions received by the REIT from TRSs or other taxable C corporations; or
 
 
income in the prior taxable year from the sales of “built-in gain” property acquired by the REIT from C corporations in carryover basis transactions (less the amount of corporate tax on such income).
 
Distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends will generally be taxed to our stockholders as long-term capital gains, to the extent that such distributions do not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year, without regard to the period for which the stockholder that receives such distribution has held its stock. We may elect to retain and pay taxes on some or all of our net long-term capital gains, in which case provisions of the Internal Revenue Code will treat our stockholders as having received, solely for tax purposes, our undistributed capital gains, and the stockholders will receive a corresponding credit for taxes that we paid on such undistributed capital gains. See Taxation of Rich Uncles REIT — Annual Distribution Requirements, page 64 . Corporate stockholders may be required to treat up to 20% of some capital gain distributions as ordinary income. Long-term capital gains are generally taxable at maximum federal rates of 20% in the case of stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates, and 35% in the case of stockholders that are corporations. Capital gains attributable to the sale of depreciable real property held for more than 12 months are subject to a 25% maximum federal income tax rate for taxpayers who are taxed as individuals, to the extent of previously claimed depreciation deductions.
 
 
Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will generally represent a return of capital and will not be taxable to a stockholder to the extent that the amount of such distributions do not exceed the adjusted basis of the stockholder’s shares with respect to which the distributions were made. Rather, the distributions will reduce the adjusted basis of the stockholder’s shares. To the extent that such distributions exceed the adjusted basis of a stockholder’s shares, the stockholder generally must include such distributions in income as long-term capital gain, or short-term capital gain if the shares have been held for one year or less. In addition, any distribution that we declare in October, November or December of any year and that is payable to a stockholder of record on a specified date in any such month will be treated as both paid by us and received by the stockholder on December 31 of such year, provided that we actually pay the distribution before the end of January of the following calendar year.
 
To the extent that we have available net operating losses and capital losses carried forward from prior tax years, such losses may reduce the amount of distributions that we must make in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. See Taxation of Rich Uncles REIT — Annual Distribution Requirements, page 64 . Such losses, however, are not passed through to stockholders and do not offset income of stockholders from other sources, nor would such losses affect the character of any distributions that we make, which are generally subject to tax in the hands of stockholders to the extent that we have current or accumulated earnings and profits.
 
Dispositions of Our Stock . In general, capital gains recognized by individuals, trusts and estates upon the sale or disposition of our stock will be subject to a maximum federal income tax rate of 20% if the stock is held for more than one year, and will be taxed at ordinary income rates (of up to 39.6%) if the stock is held for one year or less. Gains recognized by stockholders that are corporations are subject to federal income tax at a maximum rate of 35%, whether or not such gains are classified as long-term capital gains. Capital losses recognized by a stockholder upon the disposition of our stock that was held for more than one year at the time of disposition will be considered long-term capital losses, and are generally available only to offset capital gain income of the stockholder but not ordinary income (except in the case of individuals, who may offset up to $3,000 of ordinary income each year). In addition, any loss upon a sale or exchange of shares of our stock by a stockholder who has held the shares for six months or less, after applying holding period rules, will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions that we make that are required to be treated by the stockholder as long-term capital gain.
 
If an investor recognizes a loss upon a subsequent disposition of our stock or other securities in an amount that exceeds a prescribed threshold, it is possible that the provisions of Treasury regulations involving “reportable transactions” could apply, with a resulting requirement to separately disclose the loss-generating transaction to the Internal Revenue Service. These regulations, though directed towards “tax shelters,” are broadly written and apply to transactions that would not typically be considered tax shelters. The Internal Revenue Code imposes significant penalties for failure to comply with these requirements. You should consult your tax advisor concerning any possible disclosure obligation with respect to the receipt or disposition of our stock or securities or transactions that we might undertake directly or indirectly. Moreover, you should be aware that we and other participants in the transactions in which we are involved (including their advisors) might be subject to disclosure or other requirements pursuant to these regulations.
 
Tax rates . The maximum tax rate for non-corporate taxpayers for (1) capital gains, including certain “capital gain dividends,” is 20% (although depending on the characteristics of the assets which produced these gains and on designations which we may make, certain capital gain dividends may be taxed at a 25% rate) and (2) “qualified dividend income” is 20%. In general, dividends payable by REITs are not eligible for the reduced tax rate on qualified dividend income, except to the extent that certain holding requirements have been met and the REIT’s dividends are attributable to dividends received from taxable corporations (such as its TRSs) or to income that was subject to tax at the corporate/REIT level (for example, if the REIT distributed taxable income that it retained and paid tax on in the prior taxable year) or are properly designated by the REIT as “capital gain dividends.”
 
Medicare tax on unearned income . For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, certain domestic stockholders who are individuals, estates or trusts are required to pay an additional 3.8% tax on, among other things, dividends on and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of stock. Domestic stockholders should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this legislation on their ownership and disposition of our common stock.
 
 
Taxation of Foreign Stockholders
 
The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our stock applicable to non-U.S. holders. A non-U.S. holder is any person other than:
 
 
a citizen or resident of the United States;
 
 
a corporation (or entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States, or of any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;
 
 
an estate, the income of which is includable in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or
 
 
a trust if a United States court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more United States fiduciaries have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.
 
If a partnership, including for this purpose any entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holds our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. An investor that is a partnership and the partners in such partnership should consult their tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common stock.
 
The following discussion is based on current law, and is for general information only. It addresses only selected, and not all, aspects of U.S. federal income and estate taxation.
 
Ordinary Dividends . The portion of distributions received by non-U.S. holders (1) that is payable out of our earnings and profits; (2) which is not attributable to our capital gains; and (3) which is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. holder, will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%, unless reduced or eliminated by treaty. .
 
In general, non-U.S. holders will not be considered to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business solely as a result of their ownership of our stock. In cases where the dividend income from a non-U.S. holder’s investment in our stock is, or is treated as, effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the non-U.S. holder generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at graduated rates, in the same manner as domestic stockholders are taxed with respect to such distributions. Such income must generally be reported on a U.S. income tax return filed by or on behalf of the non-U.S. holder. The income may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a non-U.S. holder that is a corporation.
 
Non-Dividend Distributions . Unless our stock constitutes a U.S. real property interest, or USRPI, distributions that we make that are not out of our earnings and profits will not be subject to U.S. income tax. If we cannot determine at the time a distribution is made whether or not the distribution will exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distribution will be subject to withholding at the rate applicable to ordinary dividends. The non-U.S. holder may seek a refund from the Internal Revenue Service of any amounts withheld if it is subsequently determined that the distribution was, in fact, in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. If our stock constitutes a USRPI, as described below, distributions that we make in excess of the sum of (1) the stockholder’s proportionate share of our earnings and profits, plus (2) the stockholder’s basis in its stock, will be taxed under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, or FIRPTA, at the rate of tax, including any applicable capital gains rates, that would apply to a domestic stockholder of the same type (e.g., an individual or a corporation, as the case may be), and the collection of the tax will be enforced by a refundable withholding at a rate of 10% of the amount by which the distribution exceeds the stockholder’s share of our earnings and profits.
 
Capital Gain Distributions . Under FIRPTA, a distribution that we make to a non-U.S. holder, to the extent attributable to gains from dispositions of USRPIs that we held directly or through pass-through subsidiaries, or USRPI capital gains, will, except as described below, be considered effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. holder and will be subject to U.S. income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. individuals or corporations, without regard to whether we designate the distribution as a capital gain distribution. See above under “—Taxation of Foreign Stockholders—Ordinary Dividends,” for a discussion of the consequences of income that is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. In addition, we will be required to withhold tax equal to 35% of the amount of distributions to the extent the distributions constitute USRPI capital gains. Distributions subject to FIRPTA may also be subject to a 30% branch profits tax in the hands of a non-U.S. holder that is a corporation. A distribution is not a USRPI capital gain if we held an interest in the underlying asset solely as a creditor. Capital gain distributions received by a non-U.S. holder that are attributable to dispositions of our assets other than USRPIs are not subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax, unless (1) the gain is effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s U.S. trade or business, in which case the non-U.S. holder would be subject to the same treatment as U.S. holders with respect to such gain or (2) the non-U.S. holder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a “tax home” in the United States, in which case the non-U.S. holder will incur a 30% tax on his or her capital gains.
 
 
A capital gain distribution that would otherwise have been treated as a USRPI capital gain will not be so treated or be subject to FIRPTA, and generally will not be treated as income that is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, and instead will be treated in the same manner as an ordinary dividend ( See Taxation of Foreign Stockholders, page 68 ), if (1) the capital gain distribution is received with respect to a class of stock that is regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States and (2) the recipient non-U.S. holder does not own more than 5% of that class of stock at any time during the year ending on the date on which the capital gain distribution is received. At the time you purchase shares in this offering, our shares will not be publicly traded and we can give you no assurance that our shares will ever be publicly traded on an established securities market. Therefore, these rules will not apply to our capital gain distributions.
 
Dispositions of Our Stock . Unless our stock constitutes a USRPI, a sale of our stock by a non-U.S. holder generally will not be subject to U.S. taxation under FIRPTA. Our stock will not be treated as a USRPI if less than 50% of our assets throughout a prescribed testing period consist of interests in real property located within the United States, excluding, for this purpose, interests in real property solely in a capacity as a creditor.
 
Even if the foregoing 50% test is not met, our stock nonetheless will not constitute a USRPI if we are a “domestically-controlled qualified investment entity.” A domestically-controlled qualified investment entity includes a REIT, less than 50% of value of which is held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. holders at all times during a specified testing period. We believe that we will be a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity, and that a sale of our stock should not be subject to taxation under FIRPTA. However, as mentioned above, we can give you no assurance that our shares will ever be publicly traded on an established securities market. If our stock constitutes a USRPI and we do not constitute a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity, but our stock becomes “regularly traded,” as defined by applicable Treasury Regulations, on an established securities market, a non-U.S. holder’s sale of our common stock nonetheless would not be subject to tax under FIRPTA as a sale of a USRPI, provided that the selling non-U.S. holder held 5% or less of our outstanding common stock at all times during a specified testing period. However, as mentioned above, we can give you no assurance that our common stock will ever be publicly traded on an established securities market.
 
If gain on the sale of our stock were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the non-U.S. holder would be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return and would be subject to the same treatment as a U.S. stockholder with respect to such gain, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of non-resident alien individuals, and the purchaser of the stock could be required to withhold 10% of the purchase price and remit such amount to the Internal Revenue Service.
 
Gain from the sale of our stock that would not otherwise be subject to FIRPTA will nonetheless be taxable in the United States to a non-U.S. holder in two cases: (1) if the non-U.S. holder’s investment in our stock is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business conducted by such non-U.S. holder, the non-U.S. holder will be subject to the same treatment as a U.S. stockholder with respect to such gain or (2) if the non-U.S. holder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a “tax home” in the United States, the nonresident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual’s capital gain. In addition, even if we are a domestically controlled qualified investment entity, upon disposition of our stock, a non-U.S. holder may be treated as having gain from the sale or exchange of a USRPI if the non-U.S. holder (1) disposes of our common stock within a 30-day period preceding the ex-dividend date of a distribution, any portion of which, but for the disposition, would have been treated as gain from the sale or exchange of a USRPI and (2) acquires, or enters into a contract or option to acquire, other shares of our common stock within 30 days after such ex-dividend date.
 
Estate Tax . If our stock is owned or treated as owned by an individual who is not a citizen or resident (as specially defined for U.S. federal estate tax purposes) of the United States at the time of such individual’s death, the stock will be includable in the individual’s gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes, unless an applicable estate tax treaty provides otherwise, and may therefore be subject to U.S. federal estate tax.
 
Foreign Accounts . Recently-enacted legislation generally imposes a withholding tax of 30% on any dividends on our stock paid to a foreign financial institution, unless such institution enters into an agreement with the U.S. government to, among other things, collect and provide to the U.S. tax authorities substantial information regarding U.S. account holders of such institution (which includes certain equity and debt holders of such institution, as well as certain account holders that are foreign entities with U.S. owners). The legislation also generally imposes a withholding tax of 30% on any dividends on our stock paid to a non-financial foreign entity unless such entity provides the withholding agent with either certification that such entity does not have any substantial U.S. owners or identification of the direct and indirect substantial U.S. owners of the entity. Finally, with respect to payments of gross proceeds from a sale or other disposition of such stock on or after January 1, 2017, withholding of 30% generally will apply to such gross proceeds paid to a foreign financial institution or to a non-financial foreign entity unless the reporting and certification requirements described above have been met. Under certain circumstances, a non-U.S. holder of our stock may be eligible for refunds or credits of such taxes. You are encouraged to consult with your own tax advisor regarding the possible implications of this legislation on your investment in our stock.
 
 
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders
 
Tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and profit sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts, generally are exempt from federal income taxation. However, they may be subject to taxation on their unrelated business taxable income, or UBTI. While some investments in real estate may generate UBTI, the Internal Revenue Service has ruled that dividend distributions from a REIT to a tax-exempt entity do not constitute UBTI. Based on that ruling, and provided that (1) a tax-exempt stockholder has not held our stock as “debt financed property” within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code (i.e., where the acquisition or holding of the property is financed through a borrowing by the tax-exempt stockholder) and (2) our stock is not otherwise used in an unrelated trade or business, distributions that we make and income from the sale of our stock generally should not give rise to UBTI to a tax-exempt stockholder.
 
Tax-exempt stockholders that are social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts and qualified group legal services plans exempt from federal income taxation under Sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) and (c)(20) of the Internal Revenue Code are subject to different UBTI rules, which generally require such stockholders to characterize distributions that we make as UBTI.
 
In certain circumstances, a pension trust that owns more than 10% of our stock could be required to treat a percentage of its distributions as UBTI, if we are a “pension-held REIT.” We will not be a pension-held REIT unless either (1) one pension trust owns more than 25% of the value of our stock or (2) a group of pension trusts, each individually holding more than 10% of the value of our stock, collectively owns more than 50% of our stock. Certain restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock should generally prevent a tax-exempt entity from owning more than 10% of the value of our stock and should generally prevent us from becoming a pension-held REIT.
 
Tax-exempt stockholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the federal, state, local and foreign income and other tax consequences of owning our stock.
 
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
 
We will report to our domestic stockholders and the Internal Revenue Service the amount of dividends paid during each calendar year and the amount of any tax withheld. Under the backup withholding rules, a domestic stockholder may be subject to backup withholding with respect to dividends paid unless the holder is a corporation or comes within other exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact or provides a taxpayer identification number or social security number, certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. A domestic stockholder that does not provide his or her correct taxpayer identification number or social security number may also be subject to penalties imposed by the Internal Revenue Service. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of a capital gain distribution to any domestic stockholder who fails to certify its non-foreign status.
 
We must report annually to the Internal Revenue Service and to each non-U.S. stockholder the amount of dividends paid to such holder and the tax withheld with respect to such dividends, regardless of whether withholding was required. Copies of the information returns reporting such dividends and withholding may also be made available to the tax authorities in the country in which the non-U.S. stockholder resides under the provisions of an applicable income tax treaty. A non-U.S. stockholder may be subject to backup withholding unless applicable certification requirements are met.
 
Payment of the proceeds of a sale of our common stock within the United States is subject to both backup withholding and information reporting unless the beneficial owner certifies under penalties of perjury that it is a non-U.S. stockholder (and the payor does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that the beneficial owner is a U.S. person) or the holder otherwise establishes an exemption. Payment of the proceeds of a sale of our common stock conducted through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries is subject to information reporting (but not backup withholding) unless the financial intermediary has documentary evidence in its records that the beneficial owner is a non-U.S. stockholder and specified conditions are met or an exemption is otherwise established. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability provided the required information is furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.
 
 
Other Tax Considerations
 
Legislative or Other Actions Affecting REITs
 
The rules dealing with federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department. Changes to the federal tax laws and interpretations thereof could adversely affect an investment in our stock.
 
State, Local and Foreign Taxes
 
We and our subsidiaries and stockholders may be subject to state, local or foreign taxation in various jurisdictions including those in which we or they transact business, own property or reside. We may own real property assets located in numerous jurisdictions, and may be required to file tax returns in some or all of those jurisdictions. Our state, local or foreign tax treatment and that of our stockholders may not conform to the federal income tax treatment discussed above. We may own foreign real estate assets and pay foreign property taxes, and dispositions of foreign property or operations involving, or investments in, foreign real estate assets may give rise to foreign income or other tax liability in amounts that could be substantial. Any foreign taxes that we incur do not pass through to stockholders as a credit against their U.S. federal income tax liability. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the application and effect of state, local and foreign income and other tax laws on an investment in our stock.
 
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
 
The following is a summary of some considerations associated with an investment in our shares by a qualified employee pension benefit plan or an individual retirement account, or IRA. This summary is based on provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, or ERISA, and the Internal Revenue Code, each as amended through the date of this prospectus, and the relevant regulations, opinions and other authority issued by the Department of Labor and the Internal Revenue Service. We cannot assure you that there will not be adverse tax or labor decisions or legislative, regulatory or administrative changes in the future that would significantly modify the statements expressed herein. Any such changes may apply to transactions entered into prior to the date of their enactment.
 
Each fiduciary of an employee pension benefit plan subject to ERISA (such as a profit sharing, Section 401(k) or pension plan) or any other retirement plan or account subject to Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, such as an IRA, seeking to invest plan assets in our shares must consider, taking into account the facts and circumstances of each such plan or IRA, each a benefit plan, among other matters:
 
 
whether the investment is consistent with the applicable provisions of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code;
 
 
whether, under the facts and circumstances pertaining to the benefit plan in question, the fiduciary’s responsibility to the plan has been satisfied;
 
 
whether the investment will produce an unacceptable amount of “unrelated business taxable income,” or UBTI, to the benefit plan (see “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of Stockholders—Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders”); and
 
 
the need to value the assets of the benefit plan annually.
 
Under ERISA, a plan fiduciary’s responsibilities include the following duties:
 
 
to act solely in the interest of plan participants and beneficiaries and for the exclusive purpose of providing benefits to them, as well as defraying reasonable expenses of plan administration;
 
 
to invest plan assets prudently;
 
 
to diversify the investments of the plan, unless it is clearly prudent not to do so;
 
 
to ensure sufficient liquidity for the plan;
 
 
to ensure that plan investments are made in accordance with plan documents; and
 
 
to consider whether an investment would constitute or give rise to a prohibited transaction under ERISA or the Internal Revenue Code.
 
ERISA also requires that, with certain exceptions, the assets of an employee benefit plan be held in trust and that the trustee, or a duly authorized named fiduciary or investment manager, have exclusive authority and discretion to manage and control the assets of the plan.
 
 
Prohibited Transactions
 
Generally, both ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code prohibit benefit plans from engaging in certain transactions involving plan assets with specified parties, such as sales or exchanges or leasing of property, loans or other extensions of credit, furnishing goods or services, or transfers to, or use of, plan assets. The specified parties are referred to as “parties-in-interest” under ERISA and as “disqualified persons” under the Internal Revenue Code. These definitions generally include fiduciaries and “persons providing services” to the benefit plan, employer or employee organization sponsors of the benefit plan and other individuals or entities affiliated with the foregoing. For this purpose, a person generally is a fiduciary with respect to a benefit plan if, among other things, the person has discretionary authority or control with respect to plan assets or provides investment advice for a fee with respect to plan assets. Under Department of Labor regulations, a person shall be deemed to be providing investment advice if that person renders advice as to the advisability of investing in our shares and that person regularly provides investment advice to the benefit plan pursuant to a mutual agreement or understanding (1) that such advice will serve as the primary basis for investment decisions and (2) that the advice will be individualized for the benefit plan based on its particular needs. Thus, if we are deemed to hold plan assets, our management could be characterized as fiduciaries with respect to such assets, and each would be deemed to be a party-in-interest under ERISA and a disqualified person under the Internal Revenue Code with respect to investing benefit plans. Whether or not we are deemed to hold plan assets, if we or our affiliates are affiliated with a benefit plan investor, we might be a disqualified person or party-in-interest with respect to such benefit plan investor, resulting in a prohibited transaction merely upon investment by such benefit plan in our shares.
 
If a prohibited transaction were to occur, the Internal Revenue Code imposes an excise tax equal to 15% of the amount involved and authorizes the IRS to impose an additional 100% excise tax if the prohibited transaction is not “corrected” in a timely manner. These taxes would be imposed on any disqualified person who participates in the prohibited transaction. In addition, Rich Uncles and possibly other fiduciaries of benefit plan stockholders subject to ERISA who permitted the prohibited transaction to occur or who otherwise breached their fiduciary responsibilities (or a non-fiduciary participating in a prohibited transaction) could be required to restore to the benefit plan any profits they realized as a result of the transaction or breach and make good to the benefit plan any losses incurred by the benefit plan as a result of the transaction or breach. With respect to an IRA that invests in our shares, the occurrence of a prohibited transaction involving the individual who established the IRA, or his or her beneficiary, would cause the IRA to lose its tax-exempt status under Section 408(e)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code.
 
Plan Asset Considerations
 
In order to determine whether an investment in our shares by a benefit plan creates or gives rise to the potential for either prohibited transactions or a commingling of assets as referred to above, a fiduciary must consider whether an investment in our shares will cause our assets to be treated as assets of the investing benefit plan. Neither ERISA nor the Internal Revenue Code defines the term “plan assets”; however, regulations promulgated by the Department of Labor provide guidelines as to whether, and under what circumstances, the underlying assets of an entity will be deemed to constitute assets of a benefit plan when the plan invests in that entity. We refer to this regulation as the Plan Assets Regulation. Under the Plan Assets Regulation, the assets of an entity in which a benefit plan makes an equity investment will generally be deemed to be assets of the benefit plan, unless one of the exceptions to this general rule applies.
 
In the event that our underlying assets were treated as the assets of investing benefit plans, our management would be treated as fiduciaries with respect to each benefit plan stockholder and an investment in our shares might constitute an ineffective delegation of fiduciary responsibility to our advisor and expose the fiduciary of the benefit plan to co-fiduciary liability under ERISA for any breach by our advisor of the fiduciary duties mandated under ERISA. Further, if our assets are deemed to be “plan assets,” an investment by an IRA in our shares might be deemed to result in an impermissible commingling of IRA assets with other property.
 
If our advisor or its affiliates were treated as fiduciaries with respect to benefit plan stockholders, the prohibited transaction restrictions of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code would apply to any transaction involving our assets. These restrictions could, for example, require that we avoid transactions with persons that are affiliated with or related to us or our affiliates or require that we restructure our activities in order to obtain an administrative exemption from the prohibited transaction restrictions. Alternatively, we might have to provide benefit plan stockholders with the opportunity to sell their shares to us or we might dissolve.
 
 
The Plan Assets Regulation provides that the underlying assets of an entity such as a REIT will be treated as assets of a benefit plan investing therein unless the entity satisfies one of the exceptions to the general rule. We believe that we will satisfy one or more of the exceptions.
 
Exception for “Publicly-Offered Securities.” If a benefit plan acquires “publicly-offered securities,” the assets of the issuer of the securities will not be deemed to be “plan assets” under the Plan Assets Regulation. A publicly-offered security must be:
 
 
sold as part of a public offering registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and be part of a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, within a specified time period;
 
 
part of a class of securities that is owned by 100 or more persons who are independent of the issuer and one another; and
 
 
“freely transferable.”
 
Our shares are being sold as part of an offering of securities to the public pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933 and are part of a class that was registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 within the specified period. In addition, we expect to have in excess of 100 independent stockholders.
 
Whether a security is “freely transferable” depends upon the particular facts and circumstances. The Plan Assets Regulation provides several examples of restrictions on transferability that, absent unusual circumstances, will not prevent the rights of ownership in question from being considered “freely transferable” if the minimum investment is $10,000 or less. Where the minimum investment in a public offering of securities is $10,000 or less, the presence of the following restrictions on transfer will not ordinarily affect a determination that such securities are “freely transferable”: (note the minimum investment in our REIT is $500)
 
 
any restriction on, or prohibition against, any transfer or assignment that would either result in a termination or reclassification of the entity for federal or state tax purposes or that would violate any state or federal statute, regulation, court order, judicial decree or rule of law;
 
 
any requirement that not less than a minimum number of shares or units of such security be transferred or assigned by any investor, provided that such requirement does not prevent transfer of all of the then remaining shares or units held by an investor;
 
 
any prohibition against transfer or assignment of such security or rights in respect thereof to an ineligible or unsuitable investor; and
 
 
any requirement that reasonable transfer or administrative fees be paid in connection with a transfer or assignment.
 
We have been structured with the intent to satisfy the “freely transferable” requirement set forth in the Plan Assets Regulation with respect to our shares, although there is no assurance that our shares will meet such requirement. Our shares are subject to certain restrictions on transfer intended to ensure that we continue to qualify for federal income tax treatment as a REIT and to comply with state securities laws and regulations with respect to investor suitability. The minimum investment in our shares is less than $10,000; thus, these restrictions should not cause the shares to be deemed not “freely transferable.”
 
As our common stock is intended to be held by 100 or more independent stockholders, and assuming that no other facts and circumstances other than those referred to in the preceding paragraphs exist that restrict transferability of shares of our common stock and this offering takes place as described in this prospectus, shares of our common stock should constitute “publicly-offered securities.” Accordingly, we believe that our underlying assets should not be considered “plan assets” under the Plan Assets Regulation.
 
Exception for Insignificant Participation by Benefit Plan Investors . The Plan Assets Regulation provides that the assets of an entity will not be deemed to be the assets of a benefit plan if equity participation in the entity by benefit plan investors, including benefit plans, is not significant. The Plan Assets Regulation provides that equity participation in an entity by benefit plan investors is “significant” if at any time 25% or more of the value of any class of equity interest is held by benefit plan investors. The term benefit plan investors is defined for this purpose under ERISA Section 3(42) and includes any employee benefit plan subject to Part 4 of ERISA, any plan subject Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, and any entity whose underlying assets include plan assets by reason of a plan’s investment in such entity. In calculating the value of a class of equity interests, the value of any equity interests held by us or any of our affiliates must be excluded. It is not clear whether we will qualify for this exception since we do expect to have equity participation by benefit plan investors that may be in excess of 25%, which would be deemed to be significant, as defined above.
 
 
Other Prohibited Transactions
 
Regardless of whether the shares qualify for the “publicly-offered securities” exception of the Plan Assets Regulation, a prohibited transaction could occur if we, Rich Uncles, any selected broker-dealer or any of their affiliates is a fiduciary (within the meaning of Section 3(21) of ERISA) with respect to any benefit plan purchasing our shares. Accordingly, unless an administrative or statutory exemption applies, shares should not be purchased by a benefit plan with respect to which any of the above persons is a fiduciary.
 
Annual Valuation
 
A fiduciary of an employee benefit plan subject to ERISA is required to determine annually the fair market value of each asset of the plan as of the end of the plan’s fiscal year and to file a report reflecting that value with the Department of Labor. When the fair market value of any particular asset is not available, the fiduciary is required to make a good faith determination of that asset’s fair market value, assuming an orderly liquidation at the time the determination is made. In addition, a trustee or custodian of an IRA must provide an IRA participant with a statement of the value of the IRA each year. Failure to satisfy these requirements may result in penalties, damages or other sanctions.
 
We will value our shares annually commencing as of December 31, 2016, and shortly thereafter publish an NAV per share, although to date, neither the Internal Revenue Service nor the Department of Labor has promulgated regulations specifying how a plan fiduciary or IRA custodian should determine the fair market value of shares when the fair market value of such shares is not determined in the marketplace.
 
Our board of directors has established an offering price for shares of common stock to be sold in this primary offering of $10.00 per share and an offering price for shares of common stock to be sold under our dividend reinvestment plan of $10.00 per share
 
As with any valuation methodology, the methodologies used to calculate our NAV are based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that may not be accurate or complete. Different parties using different assumptions and estimates could derive a different NAV per share of our common stock, and these differences could be significant. The NAV per share is not audited and does not represent the fair value of our assets less the fair value of our liabilities according to GAAP. The NAV per share does not reflect a discount for the fact that we are externally managed, nor does it reflect a real estate portfolio premium/discount versus the sum of the individual property values. The NAV per share also does not take into account estimated disposition costs and fees for real estate properties that are not held for sale, debt prepayment penalties that could apply upon the prepayment of certain of our debt obligations, the impact of restrictions on the assumption of debt or swap breakage fees that may be incurred upon the termination of certain of our swaps prior to expiration.
 
Accordingly, with respect to our NAV per share which becomes our updated offering price, we can give no assurance that:
 
 
a stockholder would ultimately realize distributions per share equal to NAV per share upon a sale of our company;
 
 
our shares of common stock would trade at our NAV value per share on a national securities exchange;
 
 
a third party would offer our NAV per share in an arm’s-length transaction to purchase all or substantially all of our shares of common stock;
 
 
another independent third-party appraiser or third-party valuation firm would agree with our NAV per share; or
 
 
the methodology used to determine our NAV per share would be acceptable for compliance with ERISA reporting requirements.
 
The value of our shares will fluctuate over time in response to developments related to the capital raised during our offering stage, future investments, the performance of individual assets in our portfolio and the management of those assets and the real estate and finance markets. We currently expect to utilize an independent valuation firm to update our NAV per share effective December 31, 2016 and December 31 of each year thereafter.
 
In calculating NAV per share, an independent valuation firm will estimate the value of our shares based on the estimated value of our assets less the estimated value of our liabilities divided by the number of shares outstanding. As a result, such NAV per share will be subject to the limitations discussed in the paragraph above.
 
The foregoing requirements of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code are complex and subject to change. Plan fiduciaries and the beneficial owners of IRAs are urged to consult with their own advisors regarding an investment in our shares.
 
 
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
 
Our charter authorizes the issuance of 100,000,000 of capital stock, of which 100,000,000 shares are designated as common stock with a par value of $0.01 per share. In addition, our board of directors may amend our charter to increase or decrease the amount of our authorized shares. As of June 15, 2015, 100 shares of our common stock were issued and outstanding, and no shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding.
 
Common Stock
 
The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to a stockholder vote, including the election of our directors. Our charter does not provide for cumulative voting in the election of our directors. Therefore, the holders of a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock can elect our entire board of directors. Unless applicable law requires otherwise, and except as our charter may provide with respect to any series of preferred stock that we may issue in the future, the holders of our common stock will possess exclusive voting power.
 
Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive such distributions as declared from time to time by our board of directors out of legally available funds, subject to any preferential rights of any preferred stock that we issue in the future. In any liquidation, each outstanding share of common stock entitles its holder to share (based on the percentage of shares held) in the assets that remain after we pay our liabilities and any preferential distributions owed to preferred stockholders. Holders of shares of our common stock do not have preemptive rights, which means that you will not have an automatic option to purchase any new shares that we issue, nor do holders of our shares of common stock have any preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund, or appraisal rights. Our common stock is non-assessable by us upon our receipt of the consideration for which our board of directors authorized its issuance.
 
Our board of directors has authorized the issuance of shares of our capital stock with electronic certificates in so-called “PDF” format. Information regarding restrictions on the transferability of our shares appear on our share certificates.
 
We maintain a stock ledger that contains the name and address of each stockholder and the number of shares that the stockholder holds. With respect to uncertificated stock, we will continue to treat the stockholder registered on our stock ledger as the owner of the shares until the new owner delivers a properly executed form to us, which form we will provide to any registered holder upon request.
 
Preferred Stock
 
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to designate and issue one or more classes or series of preferred stock without approval of our common stockholders. Our board of directors may determine the relative rights, preferences and privileges of each class or series of preferred stock so issued, which may be more beneficial than the rights, preferences and privileges attributable to our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control. Our board of directors has no present plans to issue preferred stock but may do so at any time in the future without stockholder approval. A majority of our independent directors who do not have an interest in the transaction must approve any issuance of preferred stock.
 
Meetings and Special Voting Requirements
 
An annual meeting of our stockholders will be held each year, at least 30 days after delivery of our annual report. Special meetings of stockholders may be called only upon the request of a majority of our directors, a majority of our independent directors, our chief executive officer or upon the written request of common stockholders holding at least 10% of the votes entitled to be cast on any issue proposed to be considered at the special meeting. Upon receipt of a written request of common stockholders holding at least 10% of the votes entitled to be cast stating the purpose of the special meeting, our secretary, within ten days of receipt of such request, will provide all of our stockholders written notice of the meeting and the purpose of such meeting. The meeting must be held not less than 15 days nor more than 60 days after the distribution of the notice of the meeting. The presence in person or by proxy of stockholders entitled to cast 50% of all the votes entitled to be cast on any matter at any stockholder meeting constitutes a quorum. Unless otherwise provided by the Maryland General Corporation Law or our charter, the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes cast is necessary to take stockholder action. Under our charter, a majority of the shares entitled to vote and present in person or by proxy at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present is required for the election of the directors at a meeting of stockholders called for that purpose. This means that, of the shares entitled to vote and present in person or by proxy, a director nominee needs to receive affirmative votes from a majority of such shares in order to be elected to our board of directors. Therefore, if a nominee receives fewer “for” votes than “withhold” votes in an election, then the nominee will not be elected.
 
 
Our charter provides that the concurrence of our board is not required in order for the common stockholders to amend the charter, dissolve the corporation or remove directors. However, we have been advised that the Maryland General Corporation Law does require board approval in order to amend our charter or dissolve. Without the approval of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote on the matter, our board of directors may not:
 
 
amend the charter to adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of the common stockholders;
 
 
amend charter provisions relating to director qualifications, fiduciary duties, liability and indemnification, conflicts of interest, investment policies or investment restrictions;
 
 
cause our liquidation or dissolution after our initial investment;
 
 
sell all or substantially all of our assets other than in the ordinary course of business; or
 
 
cause our merger or reorganization.
 
The term of our advisory agreement with our advisor is one year but may be renewed for an unlimited number of successive one-year periods upon the mutual consent of our advisor and us. While the stockholders do not have the ability to vote to replace our advisor or to select a new advisor, any director or the entire board of directors may be removed, with or without cause, by a vote of the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote on the election of directors at any meeting of stockholders called expressly for the purpose of removing a director.
 
Advance Notice for Stockholder Nominations for Directors and Proposals of New Business
 
In order for a stockholder to nominate a director or propose new business at the annual stockholders’ meeting, our bylaws generally require that the stockholder give notice of the nomination or proposal not less than 90 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of the mailing of the notice for the preceding year’s annual stockholders’ meeting, unless such nomination or proposal is made pursuant to the company’s notice of the meeting or by or at the direction of our board of directors. Our bylaws contain a similar notice requirement in connection with nominations for directors at a special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing one or more directors. Failure to comply with the notice provisions will make stockholders unable to nominate directors or propose new business.
 
Restriction on Ownership of Shares
 
Ownership Limit
 
To maintain our REIT qualification, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (including certain entities treated as individuals under the Internal Revenue Code) during the last half of each taxable year. In addition, at least 100 persons who are independent of us and each other must beneficially own our outstanding shares for at least 335 days per 12-month taxable year or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Each of the requirements specified in the two preceding sentences shall not apply to any period prior to the second year for which we elect to be taxed as a REIT. We may prohibit certain acquisitions and transfers of shares so as to ensure our continued qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. However, we cannot assure you that this prohibition will be effective.
 
To help ensure that we meet these tests, our charter prohibits any person or group of persons from acquiring, directly or indirectly, beneficial ownership of more than 9.8% of our aggregate outstanding shares unless exempted by our board of directors. Our board of directors may waive this ownership limit with respect to a particular person if our board receives evidence that ownership in excess of the limit will not jeopardize our REIT status. For purposes of this provision, we treat corporations, partnerships and other entities as single persons.
 
Any attempted transfer of our shares that, if effective, would result in a violation of our ownership limit or would result in our shares being owned by fewer than 100 persons will be null and void and will cause the number of shares causing the violation to be automatically transferred to a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries. The prohibited transferee will not acquire any rights in the shares. The automatic transfer will be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of the attempted transfer. We will designate a trustee of the trust that will not be affiliated with us or the prohibited transferee. We will also name one or more charitable organizations as a beneficiary of the share trust.
 
 
Shares held in trust will remain issued and outstanding shares and will be entitled to the same rights and privileges as all other shares of the same class or series. The prohibited transferee will not benefit economically from any of the shares held in trust, will not have any rights to dividends or distributions and will not have the right to vote or any other rights attributable to the shares held in the trust. The trustee will receive all dividends and distributions on the shares held in trust and will hold such dividends or distributions in trust for the benefit of the charitable beneficiary. The trustee may vote any shares held in trust.
 
Within 20 days of receiving notice from us that any of our shares have been transferred to the trust for the charitable beneficiary, the trustee will sell those shares to a person designated by the trustee whose ownership of the shares will not violate the above restrictions. Upon the sale, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the prohibited transferee and to the charitable beneficiary as follows. The prohibited transferee will receive the lesser of (i) the price paid by the prohibited transferee for the shares or, if the prohibited transferee did not give value for the shares in connection with the event causing the shares to be held in the trust (e.g., a gift, devise or other similar transaction), the market price (as defined in our charter) of the shares on the day of the event causing the shares to be held in the trust and (ii) the price received by the trustee from the sale or other disposition of the shares. Any net sale proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the prohibited transferee will be paid immediately to the charitable beneficiary. If, prior to our discovery that shares have been transferred to the trust, the shares are sold by the prohibited transferee, then (i) the shares shall be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the trust and (ii) to the extent that the prohibited transferee received an amount for the shares that exceeds the amount he was entitled to receive, the excess shall be paid to the trustee upon demand.
 
In addition, shares held in the trust for the charitable beneficiary will be deemed to have been offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the price per share in the transaction that resulted in the transfer to the trust (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the market price at the time of the devise or gift) and (ii) the market price on the date we, or our designee, accept the offer. We will have the right to accept the offer until the trustee has sold the shares. Upon a sale to us, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the prohibited transferee.
 
Any person who acquires or attempts to acquire shares in violation of the foregoing restrictions or who would have owned the shares that were transferred to any such trust must give us immediate written notice of such event, and any person who proposes or attempts to acquire or receive shares in violation of the foregoing restrictions must give us at least 15 days’ written notice prior to such transaction. In both cases, such persons shall provide to us such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such transfer on our status as a REIT.
 
The foregoing restrictions will continue to apply until our board of directors determines it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. The ownership limit does not apply to any underwriter in an offering of our shares or to a person or persons exempted from the ownership limit by our board of directors based upon appropriate assurances that our qualification as a REIT would not be jeopardized.
 
Within 30 days after the end of each taxable year, every owner of 5% or more of our outstanding capital stock will be asked to deliver to us a statement setting forth the number of shares owned directly or indirectly by such person and a description of how such person holds the shares. Each such owner shall also provide us with such additional information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of his or her beneficial ownership on our status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with our ownership limit.
 
These restrictions could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or change in control of our company that might involve a premium price for our shares of common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.
 
Suitability Standards and Minimum Purchase Requirements
 
State securities laws and our charter require that purchasers of our common stock meet standards regarding (i) net worth or income and (ii) minimum purchase amounts. These standards are described above at Suitability Standards immediately following the cover page of this prospectus. Subsequent purchasers, i.e., potential purchasers of your shares, must also meet the net worth or income standards, and unless you are transferring all of your shares, you may not transfer your shares in a manner that causes you or your transferee to own fewer than the number of shares required to meet the minimum purchase requirements, except for the following transfers without consideration: transfers by gift, transfers by inheritance, intrafamily transfers, family dissolutions, transfers to affiliates and transfers by operation of law. These suitability and minimum purchase requirements are applicable until our shares of common stock are listed on a national securities exchange, and these requirements may make it more difficult for you to sell your shares. All sales must also comply with applicable state and federal securities laws.
 
 
Distributions
 
We expect to authorize and declare, distributions based on daily record dates, and we expect to pay, such distributions on a monthly basis. The rate is determined by our board of directors based on our financial condition and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant. Our board of directors has not pre-established a percentage range of return for distributions to stockholders. We have not established a minimum distribution level, and our charter does not require that we make distributions to our stockholders.
 
Generally, our policy is to pay distributions from cash flow from operations. During our offering stage, when we may raise capital more quickly than we acquire income-producing assets, and for some period after our offering stage, we may not pay distributions solely from our cash flow from operations. Further, because we may receive income from interest or rents at various times during our fiscal year and because we may need cash flow from operations during a particular period to fund capital expenditures and other expenses, we expect that, from time to time during our operational stage, we will declare distributions in anticipation of cash flow that we expect to receive during a later period and we will pay these distributions in advance of our actual receipt of these funds. In these instances, our advisor may elect in its sole discretion to defer, but not waive, fees and/or reimbursements to which it is otherwise entitled to fund some or all of our distributions. . If we pay distributions from sources other than our cash flow from operations, we will have less funds available for investment in properties and other assets, the overall return to our stockholders may be reduced and subsequent investors will experience dilution.
 
Over the long-term, we expect that our distributions will be paid from cash flow from operations and FFO. Our operating performance cannot be accurately predicted and may deteriorate in the future due to numerous factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors.” Those factors include: our ability to continue to raise capital to make additional investments; the future operating performance of our current and future real estate investments in the existing real estate and financial environment; our advisor’s ability to identify additional real estate investments that are suitable to execute our investment objectives; the success and economic viability of our tenants; our ability to refinance existing indebtedness at comparable terms; changes in interest rates on any variable rate debt obligations we incur; and the level of participation in our dividend reinvestment plan. In the event our FFO and/or cash flow from operations decrease in the future, the level of our distributions may also decrease. In addition, future distributions declared and paid may exceed FFO and/or cash flow from operations.
 
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must make aggregate annual distributions to our stockholders of at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which is computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). If we meet the REIT qualification requirements, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the income that we distribute to our stockholders each year. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of Rich Uncles REIT —Annual Distribution Requirements.” Our board of directors may authorize distributions in excess of those required for us to maintain REIT status depending on our financial condition and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant.
 
Distributions that you receive, including distributions that are reinvested pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan, will be taxed as ordinary income to the extent they are from current or accumulated earnings and profits. Participants in our dividend reinvestment plan will also be treated for tax purposes as having received an additional distribution to the extent that they purchase shares under our dividend reinvestment plan at a discount to fair market value, if any. As a result, participants in our dividend reinvestment plan may have tax liability with respect to their share of our taxable income, but they will not receive cash distributions to pay such liability.
 
To the extent any portion of your distribution is not from current or accumulated earnings and profits, it will not be subject to tax immediately; it will be considered a return of capital for tax purposes and will reduce the tax basis of your investment (and potentially result in taxable gain upon your sale of the stock). Distributions that constitute a return of capital, in effect, defer a portion of your tax until your investment is sold or we are liquidated, at which time you will be taxed at capital gains rates. However, because each investor’s tax considerations are different, we suggest that you consult with your tax advisor.
 
 
Inspection of Books and Records
 
As a part of our books and records, we maintain at our principal office an alphabetical list of the names of our common stockholders, along with their addresses and telephone numbers and the number of shares of common stock held by each of them. We update this stockholder list at least quarterly and it is available for inspection at our principal office by a common stockholder or his or her designated agent upon request of the stockholder. We will also mail this list to any common stockholder within ten days of receipt of his or her request. We may impose a reasonable charge for expenses incurred in reproducing such list. Stockholders, however, may not sell or use this list for commercial purposes. The purposes for which stockholders may request this list include matters relating to their voting rights.
 
If our advisor or our board of directors neglects or refuses to exhibit, produce or mail a copy of the stockholder list as requested, our advisor and/or board, as the case may be, shall be liable to the common stockholder requesting the list for the costs, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by that stockholder for compelling the production of the stockholder list and any actual damages suffered by any common stockholder for the neglect or refusal to produce the list. It shall be a defense that the actual purpose and reason for the requests for inspection or for a copy of the stockholder list is not for a proper purpose but is instead for the purpose of securing such list of stockholders or other information for the purpose of selling such list or copies thereof, or of using the same for a commercial purpose other than in the interest of the applicant as a stockholder relative to the affairs of our company. We may require that the stockholder requesting the stockholder list represent that the request is not for a commercial purpose unrelated to the stockholder’s interest in our company. The remedies provided by our charter to stockholders requesting copies of the stockholder list are in addition to, and do not in any way limit, other remedies available to stockholders under federal law, or the law of any state.
 
Business Combinations
 
Under the Maryland General Corporation Law, business combinations between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or the interested stockholder’s affiliate are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. For this purpose, the term “business combination” includes mergers, consolidations, share exchanges, asset transfers and issuances or reclassifications of equity securities. An “interested stockholder” is defined for this purpose as: (i) any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s shares or (ii) an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting shares of the corporation. A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which he otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board.
 
After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least: (i) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding voting shares of the corporation and (ii) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting shares of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder or its affiliate with whom the business combination is to be effected, or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder.
 
These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under the Maryland General Corporation Law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares.
 
None of these provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law will apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by the board of directors of the corporation prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. We have opted out of these provisions by resolution of our board of directors. However, our board of directors may, by resolution, opt in to the business combination statute in the future.
 
 
Control Share Acquisitions
 
The Maryland General Corporation Law provides that control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares owned by the acquirer, an officer of the corporation or an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the corporation are excluded from the vote on whether to accord voting rights to the control shares. “Control shares” are voting shares that, if aggregated with all other shares owned by the acquirer or with respect to which the acquirer has the right to vote or to direct the voting of, other than solely by virtue of revocable proxy, would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:
 
 
one-tenth or more but less than one-third;
 
 
one-third or more but less than a majority; or
 
 
a majority or more of all voting power.
 
Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. Except as otherwise specified in the statute, a “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of control shares.
 
Once a person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition has undertaken to pay expenses and has satisfied other required conditions, the person may compel the board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of the demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.
 
If voting rights are not approved for the control shares at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an “acquiring person statement” for the control shares as required by the statute, the corporation may repurchase any or all of the control shares for their fair value, except for control shares for which voting rights have previously been approved. Fair value is to be determined for this purpose without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, and is to be determined as of the date of the last control share acquisition or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights for control shares are considered and not approved.
 
If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of these appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid in the control share acquisition. Some of the limitations and restrictions otherwise applicable to the exercise of dissenters’ rights do not apply in the context of a control share acquisition.
 
The control share acquisition statute does not apply to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.
 
Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of our stock. There can be no assurance that this provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.
 
Subtitle 8
 
Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the Maryland General Corporation Law permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and at least three independent directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to any or all of five provisions:
 
 
a classified board,
 
 
a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director,
 
 
a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote of the directors,
 
 
a requirement that a vacancy on the board be filled only by the remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred, and
 
 
a majority requirement for the calling of a special meeting of stockholders.
 
 
We have added provisions to our charter that prohibit us, until such time that our shares of common stock are listed on a national securities exchange, from electing to be subject to the provisions under Subtitle 8. Through provisions in our bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we already vest in our board of directors the exclusive power to fix the number of directorships. Our bylaws may be amended by our stockholders or our board of directors.
 
Tender Offers by Stockholders
 
Our charter provides that any tender offer made by a stockholder, including any “mini-tender” offer, must comply with certain notice and disclosure requirements. These procedural requirements with respect to tender offers apply to any widespread solicitation for shares of our stock at firm prices for a limited time period.
 
In order for one of our stockholders to conduct a tender offer to another stockholder, our charter requires that the stockholder comply with Regulation 14D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and provide us notice of such tender offer at least 10 business days before initiating the tender offer. Pursuant to our charter, Regulation 14D would require any stockholder initiating a tender offer to provide:
 
 
Specific disclosure to stockholders focusing on the terms of the offer and information about the bidder;
 
 
The ability to allow stockholders to withdraw tendered shares while the offer remains open;
 
 
The right to have tendered shares accepted on a pro rata basis throughout the term of the offer if the offer is for less than all of our shares; and
 
 
That all stockholders of the subject class of shares be treated equally.
 
In addition to the foregoing, there are certain ramifications to stockholders should they attempt to conduct a noncompliant tender offer. If any stockholder initiates a tender offer without complying with the provisions set forth above, in our sole discretion, we shall have the right to repurchase such noncompliant stockholder’s shares and any shares acquired in such tender offer. The noncomplying stockholder shall also be responsible for all of our expenses in connection with that stockholder’s noncompliance.
 
Dividend Reinvestment Plan
 
Pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan, you may elect to have your dividends and other distributions, excluding those dividends and other distributions that our board of directors designates as ineligible for reinvestment through the plan, reinvested in additional shares of our common stock, in lieu of receiving cash distributions. The following discussion summarizes the principal terms of this plan. Appendix C to this prospectus contains the full text of our dividend reinvestment plan.
 
Eligibility
 
All of our common stockholders are eligible to participate in our dividend reinvestment plan; however, we may elect to deny your participation in our dividend reinvestment plan if you reside in a jurisdiction or foreign country where, in our judgment, the burden or expense of compliance with applicable securities laws makes your participation impracticable or inadvisable.
 
At any time prior to the listing of our shares on a national stock exchange, you must cease participation in our dividend reinvestment plan if you no longer meet the suitability standards or cannot make the other investor representations set forth in the then-current prospectus or in the subscription agreement. Participants must agree to notify us promptly when they no longer meet these standards. See Suitability Standards (immediately following the cover page) and the form of subscription agreement attached hereto as Appendix B.
 
Election to Participate
 
You may elect to participate in our dividend reinvestment plan by completing the subscription agreement, an enrollment form or another approved form available from us. Your participation in our dividend reinvestment plan will begin with the next distribution made after receipt of your enrollment form. You can choose to have all or a portion of your distributions reinvested through our dividend reinvestment plan. You may also change the percentage of your distributions that will be reinvested at any time by completing a new enrollment form or other form provided for that purpose. You must make any election to increase your level of participation through written notice to us.
 
 
Stock Purchases
 
Shares will be purchased under our dividend reinvestment plan on the distribution payment dates. Participants in the dividend reinvestment plan may purchase fractional shares so that 100% of the distributions will be used to acquire shares.
 
Participants in the dividend reinvestment plan will acquire our common stock at a price per share equal to the price to acquire a share of our common stock in the primary offering
 
Account Statements
 
You or your designee will receive a confirmation of your purchases under our dividend reinvestment plan no less than monthly. Your confirmation will disclose the following information:
 
 
each distribution reinvested for your account during the period;
 
 
the date of the reinvestment;
 
 
the number and price of the shares purchased by you; and
 
 
the total number of shares in your account.
 
Use of Proceeds
 
We expect to use the net proceeds from the sale of shares under our dividend reinvestment plan for general corporate purposes including, but not limited to, the following:
 
 
the repurchase of shares under our share repurchase program;
 
 
capital expenditures, tenant improvement costs and leasing costs related to our real estate properties;
 
 
reserves required by any financings of our real estate investments;
 
 
the acquisition of real estate investments, which would include payment of acquisition fees to our advisor (see “Compensation”); and
 
 
the repayment of debt.
 
We cannot predict with any certainty how much, if any, dividend reinvestment plan proceeds will be available for specific purposes.
 
Voting
 
You may vote all shares, including fractional shares that you acquire through our dividend reinvestment plan.
 
Tax Consequences of Participation
 
If you elect to participate in our dividend reinvestment plan and are subject to federal income taxation, you will incur a tax liability for distributions allocated to you even though you have elected not to receive the distributions in cash but rather to have the distributions withheld and reinvested pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan. Specifically, you will be treated as if you have received the distribution from us in cash and then applied such distribution to the purchase of additional shares. In addition, to the extent you purchase shares through our dividend reinvestment plan at a discount to their fair market value, you will be treated for tax purposes as receiving an additional distribution equal to the amount of the discount, if any. You will be taxed on the amount of the distribution as a dividend to the extent such distribution is from current or accumulated earnings and profits, unless we have designated all or a portion of the distribution as a capital gain distribution. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of Stockholders.” You may be subject to backup withholding if you fail to comply with certain tax requirements. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Backup Withholding and Information Reporting.”
 
 
Termination of Participation
 
Once enrolled, you may continue to purchase shares under our dividend reinvestment plan until we have: sold all of the shares registered in this offering; terminated this offering; or terminated our dividend reinvestment plan. You may terminate your participation in our dividend reinvestment plan at any time by providing us with written notice. For your termination to be effective for a particular distribution, we must have received your notice of termination at least fourteen business days prior to the last business day of the month to which the distribution relates; provided that, if we publicly announce in a filing with the SEC a new offering price under the dividend reinvestment plan, then a participant shall have no less than two business days after the date of such announcement to notify us in writing of a participant’s termination of participation in the dividend reinvestment plan and the participant’s termination will be effective for the next date shares are purchased under the dividend reinvestment plan. Any transfer of your shares will effect a termination of the participation of those shares in our dividend reinvestment plan. We will terminate your participation in our dividend reinvestment plan to the extent that a reinvestment of your distributions would cause you to violate the ownership limit contained in our charter, unless you have obtained an exemption from the ownership limit from our board of directors.
 
Amendment or Termination of Plan
 
We may amend or terminate our dividend reinvestment plan for any reason at any time upon ten days’ notice to the participants. We may provide notice by including such information (a) in a Current Report on Form 8-K or in our annual or quarterly reports, all publicly filed with the SEC or (b) in a separate mailing to the participants.
 
Share Repurchase Program
 
Our share repurchase program enables you to sell your shares of common stock to us. In its sole discretion, our board of directors could choose to terminate or suspend the program or to amend its provisions without stockholder approval. The following discussion summarizes the principal terms of the share repurchase program.
 
Repurchase Price
 
The prices at which we will repurchase shares under the program are as follows:
 
 
For those shares held by the stockholder for less than one year, 97% of the most recently published NAV or if none, then $10.00 per share; and
 
 
For those shares held by the stockholder for at least one years, 98% of the most recently published NAV or if none, then $10.00 per share
 
For purposes of determining the time period a stockholder has held each share, the time period begins as of the date the stockholder acquired the share; provided, that shares purchased by the stockholder pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan will be deemed to have been acquired on the same date as the initial share to which the dividend reinvestment plan shares relate. In addition, as described above, the shares owned by a stockholder may be repurchased at different prices depending on how long the stockholder has held each share submitted for repurchase.
 
We will utilize an independent valuation firm to update our NAV per share on an annual basis commencing December 31, 2016. We will report the NAV per share of our common stock in a Current Report on Form 8-K or in our annual or quarterly reports, all publicly filed with the SEC. We will also provide information about our NAV per share on our website (such information may be provided by means of a link to our public filings on the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov).
 
Limitations on Repurchase
 
There are several limitations on our ability to repurchase shares under the program:
 
 
We may repurchase only the number of shares that we could purchase from our cash reserves, from our lines of credit if any and if any availability, from shares sold during the month shares are submitted for repurchase, and with the amount of net proceeds from the sale of shares under our dividend reinvestment plan. We may increase or decrease the funding available for the repurchase of shares pursuant to the program upon ten business days’ notice to our stockholders. We may provide notice by including such information (a) in a Current Report on Form 8-K or in our annual or quarterly reports, all publicly filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission or (b) in a separate written notification to our stockholders.
 
 
 
We have no obligation to repurchase shares if the repurchase would violate the restrictions on distributions under Maryland law, which prohibits distributions that would cause a corporation to fail to meet statutory tests of solvency.
 
Procedures for Repurchase
 
We will repurchase shares on the fifth business day of each month. For a stockholder’s shares to be eligible for repurchase in a given month, the advisor must receive a written repurchase request from the stockholder or from an authorized representative of the stockholder setting forth the number of shares requested to be repurchased, no later than the fifth day of the prior month. If we cannot repurchase all shares presented for repurchase in any month because of the limitations on repurchases set forth in our share repurchase program, then we will honor repurchase requests on a pro rata basis, except that if a pro rata repurchase would result in a stockholder owning less than 500 shares, then we would repurchase all of such stockholder’s shares.
 
If we do not completely satisfy a repurchase request on a repurchase date because our advisor did not receive the request in time, because of the limitations on repurchases set forth in our share repurchase program or because of a suspension of the program, then we will treat the unsatisfied portion of the repurchase request as a request for repurchase at the next repurchase date that funds are available for repurchase, unless the repurchase request is withdrawn. Any stockholder can withdraw a repurchase request by sending written notice to the program administrator, provided such notice is received at least five business days before the repurchase date.
 
Amendment, Suspension or Termination of Program and Notice
 
Our board of directors may amend, suspend or terminate the program without stockholder approval upon 30 days’ notice, provided that we may increase or decrease the funding available for the repurchase of shares pursuant to our share repurchase program upon ten business days’ notice. We may provide notice by including such information (a) in a Current Report on Form 8-K or in our annual or quarterly reports, all publicly filed with the SEC or (b) in a separate written notice to the stockholders. During our primary offering stage, we would also include this information in a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement, as required under federal securities laws.
 
Qualifying stockholders who desire to have their shares repurchased by us would have to give notice as provided on their personal on-line dashboard at www.RichUncles.com .].
 
Restrictions on Roll-Up Transactions
 
A Roll-up Transaction is a transaction involving the acquisition, merger, conversion or consolidation, directly or indirectly, of us and the issuance of securities of an entity that is created or would survive after the successful completion of a Roll-up Transaction, which we refer to as a Roll-up Entity. This term does not include:
 
 
a transaction involving our securities that have been for at least 12 months listed on a national securities exchange or traded through the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation National Market System; or
 
 
a transaction involving only our conversion into a trust or association if, as a consequence of the transaction, there will be no significant adverse change in the voting rights of our common stockholders, the term of our existence, the compensation to our advisor or our investment objectives.
 
In connection with any proposed Roll-up Transaction, an appraisal of all our assets will be obtained from a competent independent appraiser. Our assets will be appraised on a consistent basis, and the appraisal will be based on an evaluation of all relevant information and will indicate the value of our assets as of a date immediately preceding the announcement of the proposed Roll-up Transaction. If the appraisal will be included in a prospectus used to offer the securities of a Roll-Up Entity, the appraisal will be filed with the SEC and, if applicable, the states in which registration of such securities is sought, as an exhibit to the registration statement for the offering. The appraisal will assume an orderly liquidation of assets over a 12-month period. The terms of the engagement of the independent appraiser will clearly state that the engagement is for our benefit and the benefit of our stockholders. A summary of the appraisal, indicating all material assumptions underlying the appraisal, will be included in a report to our stockholders in connection with any proposed Roll-up Transaction.
 
 
In connection with a proposed Roll-up Transaction, the person sponsoring the Roll-up Transaction must offer to our common stockholders who vote “no” on the proposal the choice of:
 
 
(1)
accepting the securities of the Roll-up Entity offered in the proposed Roll-up Transaction; or
 
 
(2)
one of the following:
 
 
(A)
remaining as common stockholders of us and preserving their interests in us on the same terms and conditions as existed previously; or
 
 
(B)
receiving cash in an amount equal to the stockholders’ pro rata share of the appraised value of our net assets.
 
We are prohibited from participating in any proposed Roll-up Transaction:
 
 
that would result in our common stockholders having democracy rights in a Roll-up Entity that are less than those provided in our charter and bylaws with respect to the election and removal of directors and the other voting rights of our common stockholders, annual reports, annual and special meetings of common stockholders, the amendment of our charter and our dissolution;
 
 
that includes provisions that would operate to materially impede or frustrate the accumulation of shares by any purchaser of the securities of the Roll-up Entity, except to the minimum extent necessary to preserve the tax status of the Roll-up Entity, or that would limit the ability of an investor to exercise the voting rights of its securities of the Roll-up Entity on the basis of the number of shares of common stock that such investor had held in us;
 
 
in which investors’ rights of access to the records of the Roll-up Entity would be less than those provided in our charter and described in the section of this prospectus entitled “Description of Shares—Meetings and Special Voting Requirements”; or
 
 
in which any of the costs of the Roll-up Transaction would be borne by us if the Roll-up Transaction would not be approved by our common stockholders.
 
THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT
 
General
 
Rich Uncles OP, or the Operating Partnership, is a Delaware limited partnership. We expect to own substantially all of our assets and conduct our operations through the Operating Partnership. We are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and, as of the date of this prospectus, our wholly owned subsidiary, Rich Uncles Sub, LLC, was the sole limited partner of the Operating Partnership. As the sole general partner, we have the exclusive power to manage and conduct the business of the Operating Partnership.
 
As we accept subscriptions for shares in this offering, we will transfer substantially all of the net proceeds of this offering to our Operating Partnership as a capital contribution in exchange for units of limited partnership interest that will be held by our wholly owned subsidiary, Rich Uncles Sub, LLC; however, we will be deemed to have made capital contributions in the amount of the gross offering proceeds received from investors. The Operating Partnership will be deemed to have simultaneously paid the costs associated with this offering.
 
As a result of this structure, we are considered an UPREIT, or an umbrella partnership real estate investment trust. An UPREIT is a structure that REITs often use to acquire real property from sellers on a tax-deferred basis because the sellers can generally accept partnership units and defer taxable gain otherwise required to be recognized by them upon the disposition of their properties. Such sellers may also desire to achieve diversity in their investment and other benefits afforded to stockholders in a REIT. For purposes of satisfying the asset and income tests for qualification as a REIT, the REIT’s proportionate share of the assets and income of the Operating Partnership will be deemed to be assets and income of the REIT.
 
If we ever decide to acquire properties in exchange for units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership, we expect to amend and restate the partnership agreement to provide substantially as set forth below.
 
 
Capital Contributions
 
We would expect the partnership agreement to require us to contribute the proceeds of any offering of our shares of stock to the Operating Partnership as an additional capital contribution. If we did contribute additional capital to the Operating Partnership, we would receive additional partnership units and our percentage interest in the Operating Partnership would be increased on a proportionate basis based upon the amount of such additional capital contributions and the value of the Operating Partnership at the time of such contributions. We also expect that the partnership agreement would allow us to cause the Operating Partnership to issue partnership interests for less than their fair market value if we conclude in good faith that such issuance is in the best interest of the Operating Partnership and us. The Operating Partnership would also be able to issue preferred partnership interests in connection with acquisitions of property or otherwise. These preferred partnership interests could have priority over common partnership interests with respect to distributions from the Operating Partnership, including priority over the partnership interests that we would own as a limited partner. If the Operating Partnership would require additional funds at any time in excess of capital contributions made by us or from borrowing, we could borrow funds from a financial institution or other lender and lend such funds to the Operating Partnership on the same terms and conditions as are applicable to our borrowing of such funds.
 
Operations
 
We would expect the partnership agreement to provide that, so long as we remain qualified as a REIT, the Operating Partnership would be operated in a manner that would enable us to satisfy the requirements for being classified as a REIT for tax purposes. We would also have the power to take actions to ensure that the Operating Partnership would not be classified as a “publicly traded partnership” for purposes of Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code. Classification as a publicly traded partnership could result in the Operating Partnership being taxed as a corporation, rather than as a partnership.
 
Distributions and Allocations of Profits and Losses
 
The partnership agreement would provide that the Operating Partnership would distribute cash flow from operations to its partners in accordance with their respective percentage interests on at least a monthly basis in amounts that we determine. The effect of these distributions would be that a holder of one unit of limited partnership interest in our Operating Partnership would receive the same amount of annual cash flow distributions as the amount of annual distributions paid to the holder of one of our shares of common stock.
 
Similarly, the partnership agreement would provide that the Operating Partnership would allocate taxable income to its partners in accordance with their respective percentage interests. Subject to compliance with the provisions of Sections 704(b) and 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code and the corresponding Treasury regulations, the effect of these allocations would be that a holder of one unit of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership would be allocated taxable income for each taxable year in an amount equal to the amount of taxable income to be recognized by a holder of one of our shares of common stock. Losses, if any, would generally be allocated among the partners in accordance with their respective percentage interests in the Operating Partnership. Losses could not be passed through to our stockholders.
 
Upon liquidation of the Operating Partnership, after payment of, or adequate provision for, debts and obligations of the Operating Partnership, including partner loans, any remaining assets of the Operating Partnership would be distributed to its partners in accordance with their respective positive capital account balances.
 
Rights , Obligations and Powers of the General Partner
 
We would expect to be the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. As sole general partner, we generally would have complete and exclusive discretion to manage and control the Operating Partnership’s business and to make all decisions affecting its assets. Under an amended and restated partnership agreement, we would also expect to have the authority to:
 
 
acquire, purchase, own, operate, lease, manage and dispose of any real property and any other assets;
 
 
authorize, issue, sell, repurchase or otherwise purchase securities;
 
 
borrow money;
 
 
make or revoke any tax election;
 
 
 
maintain insurance coverage in amounts and types as we determine is necessary;
 
 
retain employees or other service providers;
 
 
form or acquire interests in joint ventures; and
 
 
merge, consolidate or combine the Operating Partnership with another entity.
 
Under an amended and restated partnership agreement, we expect that the Operating Partnership would continue to pay all of the administrative and operating costs and expenses it incurs in acquiring or originating and operating and managing our investments. The Operating Partnership would also pay all of our administrative costs and expenses and such expenses would be treated as expenses of the Operating Partnership. Such expenses would include:
 
 
all expenses relating to our organization and continuity of existence;
 
 
all expenses relating to the offering and registration of our securities;
 
 
all expenses associated with the preparation and filing of our periodic reports under federal, state or local laws or regulations;
 
 
all expenses associated with our compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations; and
 
 
all of our other operating or administrative costs incurred in the ordinary course of business.
 
The only costs and expenses we could incur that the Operating Partnership would not reimburse would be costs and expenses relating to assets we may own outside of the Operating Partnership. We would pay the expenses relating to such assets directly.
 
Exchange Rights
 
We expect that an amended and restated partnership agreement would also provide for exchange rights. We expect the limited partners of the Operating Partnership would have the right to cause the Operating Partnership to repurchase their units of limited partnership interest for cash equal to the value of an equivalent number of our shares or, at our option, we could purchase their units of limited partnership interest for cash or by issuing one share of our common stock for each unit repurchased. Limited partners, however, would not be able to exercise this exchange right if and to the extent that the delivery of our shares upon such exercise would:
 
 
result in any person owning shares in excess of the ownership limit in our charter (unless exempted by our board of directors);
 
 
result in our shares being owned by fewer than 100 persons;
 
 
result in our shares being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Internal Revenue Code; or
 
 
cause us to own 10% or more of the ownership interests in a tenant within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code.
 
Furthermore, limited partners could exercise their exchange rights only after their units of limited partnership interest had been outstanding for one year. A limited partner could not deliver more than two exchange notices each calendar year and would not be able to exercise an exchange right for less than 1,000 units of limited partnership interest, unless such limited partner held less than 1,000 units. In that case, he would be required to exercise his exchange right for all of his units.
 
Change in General Partner
 
We expect that we generally would not be able to withdraw as the general partner of the Operating Partnership or transfer our general partnership interest in the Operating Partnership (unless we transferred our interest to a wholly owned subsidiary). The principal exception to this would be if we merged with another entity and (i) the holders of a majority of partnership units (including those we held) approved the transaction; (ii) the limited partners received or had the right to receive an amount of cash, securities or other property equal in value to the amount they would have received if they had exercised their exchange rights immediately before such transaction; (iii) we were the surviving entity and our stockholders did not receive cash, securities or other property in the transaction; or (iv) the successor entity contributed substantially all of its assets to the Operating Partnership in return for an interest in the Operating Partnership and agreed to assume all obligations of the general partner of the Operating Partnership. If we voluntarily sought protection under bankruptcy or state insolvency laws, or if we were involuntarily placed under such protection for more than 90 days, we would be deemed to be automatically removed as the general partner. Otherwise, the limited partners would not have the right to remove us as general partner.
 
 
Transferability of Interests
 
With certain exceptions, the limited partners would not be able to transfer their interests in the Operating Partnership, in whole or in part, without our written consent as the general partner.
 
Amendment of Limited Partnership Agreement
 
We expect amendments to the amended and restated partnership agreement would require the consent of the holders of a majority of the partnership units including the partnership units we and our affiliates held. Additionally, we, as general partner, would be required to approve any amendment. We expect that certain amendments would have to be approved by a majority of the units held by third-party limited partners.
 
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
 
General
 
We are publicly offering a maximum of up to 100,000,000 shares of our common stock, currently priced at $10.00 per share, on a “best efforts” basis.  We intend to sell the shares directly to investors and not through registered broker-dealers and investment advisors who are paid commissions and fees. As a result, we expect that our total expenses will be significantly less than those of other non-exchange listed public REITs that do pay commissions and fees and, as a consequence, we will be able to invest a significantly higher percentage of the proceeds generated from the sale of our shares into properties, compared to such other non-exchange listed public REITs. Because this is a “best efforts” offering, we must use only our best efforts to sell the shares and have no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of our shares.  This offering is open-ended with no termination date.
 
Our board of directors will adjust the offering price of the shares annually effective December 31 of each year and starting December 31, 2016, to NAV. We may terminate this offering at any time, and we will provide that information in a prospectus supplement.
 
At the end of this offering, our advisor has agreed to reimburse us to the extent that organization and offering expenses exceed 3% of the gross offering proceeds. However, we expect the total organization and offering expenses of this offering will not exceed 3% of the gross offering proceeds from this offering, assuming we raise the maximum offering amount.
 
Subscription Procedures
 
To purchase shares in this offering, you must complete and sign a subscription agreement (in the format attached to this prospectus as Appendix B) for a specific number of shares and pay for the shares at the time of your subscription. All of this can be done on-line at www.RichUncles.com , and we encourage you to do so.  Alternatively, this process can be done manually. You should make your check payable to “Rich Uncles REIT, Inc.” Subscriptions will be effective only upon our acceptance, and we reserve the right to reject any subscription in whole or in part. Subscription payments will be deposited into a special account in our name until such time as we have accepted or rejected the subscriptions. We will accept or reject subscriptions every Friday and if any Friday is a national holiday, then next following business day and, if rejected, we will return all funds to the rejected subscribers within ten business days. If accepted, the funds will be transferred into our general account. You will receive a confirmation of your purchase via email. We admit stockholders every Friday and if any Friday is a national holiday, then the next following business day.
 
You are required to represent in the subscription agreement that you have received a copy of the final prospectus.   You have the right to rescind your purchase and receive a return of your investment without interest for up to five days after you have received a copy of the final prospectus.  Investors who desire to purchase shares in this offering at regular intervals may be able to do so by electing to participate in the automatic investment program by completing an enrollment form on their personal dashboard at www.RichUncles.com. The minimum periodic investment is $50 per month. If you elect to participate in both the automatic investment program and our dividend reinvestment plan, distributions earned from shares purchased pursuant to the automatic investment program will automatically be reinvested pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan. For a discussion of our dividend reinvestment plan, see Description of Shares—Dividend Reinvestment Plan, page .
 
 
You will receive a confirmation of your purchases under the automatic investment program monthly.  The confirmation will disclose the following information:
 
 
the amount invested for your account during the period;
 
 
the date of the investment;
 
 
the number and price of the shares purchased by you; and
 
 
the total number of shares in your account.
 
You may terminate your participation in the automatic investment program at any time by providing us with notice on your personal dashboard at www.RichUncles.com. If you elect to participate in the automatic investment program, you must agree that if at any time you fail to meet the applicable investor suitability standards or cannot make the other investor representations or warranties set forth in the then current prospectus or in the subscription agreement, you will promptly notify us in writing of that fact and your participation in the plan will terminate. See the Suitability Standards section of this prospectus (immediately following the cover page).
 
Minimum Purchase Requirements
 
You must initially invest at least $500 in our shares to be eligible to participate in this offering. If you have satisfied the applicable minimum purchase requirement, any additional purchase must be in amounts of at least $50. The investment minimum for subsequent purchases does not apply to shares purchased pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan. In order to satisfy this minimum purchase requirement, unless otherwise prohibited by state law, a husband and wife may jointly contribute funds from their separate IRAs, provided that each such contribution is made in increments of $250. You should note that an investment in our shares will not, in itself create a retirement plan and that, in order to create a retirement plan, you must comply with all applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code.
 
Unless you are transferring all of your shares of common stock, you may not transfer your shares in a manner that causes you or your transferee to own fewer than the number of shares required to meet the minimum purchase requirements, except for the following transfers without consideration: transfers by gift, transfers by inheritance, intrafamily transfers, family dissolutions, transfers to affiliates and transfers by operation of law.  All sales must also comply with applicable state and federal securities laws.
 
SUPPLEMENTAL SALES MATERIAL
 
In addition to this prospectus, we may utilize additional sales materials in connection with this offering, although only when accompanied by or preceded by the delivery of this prospectus. The supplemental sales material will not contain all of the information material to an investment decision and should only be reviewed after reading this prospectus. These supplemental sales materials may include:
 
 
paid radio advertisements, “pay per click” advertisements on social media, and search engine internet websites
 
 
electronic or paper correspondence transmitting the prospectus;
 
 
electronic or paper brochures containing a summary description of this offering;
 
 
electronic or paper fact sheets describing the general nature of Rich Uncles REIT and our investment objectives;
 
 
electronic or paper flyers describing our recent acquisitions;
 
 
online investor presentations;
 
 
website material;
 
 
electronic media presentations;
 
 
client seminars and seminar advertisements and invitations; and
 
 
third party industry-related article reprints.
 
 
All of the foregoing material will be prepared by our advisor or its affiliates with the exception of the third-party article reprints. All sales materials will comply with applicable state laws and regulations. In certain jurisdictions, some or all of such sales material may not be available. In addition, the sales material may contain certain quotes from various publications without obtaining the consent of the author or the publication for use of the quoted material in the sales material.
 
We are offering shares only by means of this prospectus. Although the information contained in our supplemental sales materials will not conflict with any of the information contained in this prospectus, the supplemental materials do not purport to be complete and should not be considered a part of or as incorporated by reference in this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
 
LEGAL MATTERS
 
The validity of the shares of our common stock being offered hereby has been passed upon for us by Strasburger & Price, LLP, Austin, Texas. Strasburger & Price, LLP, has also reviewed the statements relating to certain federal income tax matters that are likely to be material to U.S. holders of our common stock under the caption “Federal Income Tax Considerations” and has passed upon our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
 
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
 
We have filed a registration statement on Form S-11 with the SEC with respect to the shares of our common stock to be issued in this offering. This prospectus is a part of that registration statement and, as permitted by SEC rules, does not include all of the information you can find in the registration statement or the exhibits to the registration statement. For additional information relating to us, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits to the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or document are necessarily summaries of such contract or document and in each instance, if we have filed the contract or document as an exhibit to the registration statement, we refer you to the copy of the contract or document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement.
 
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. We intend to furnish our stockholders with annual reports containing consolidated financial statements certified by an independent public accounting firm. The registration statement is, and any of these future filings with the SEC will be, available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov . You may read and copy any filed document at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 F. Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. Please call the SEC at (800) SEC-0330 for further information about the public reference room.
 
 
 
 
 
APPENDIX A
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 
 RICH UNCLES REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.
 
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF JUNE 30, 2015
 



 
 
GRAPHIC
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
 
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
 
Rich Uncles Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.
 
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Rich Uncles Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. (the "Company”) as of June 30, 2015, and the related statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the period ended June 30, 2015 and from inception (May 13, 2015) to June 30, 2015 then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company was not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2015, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the period ended June 30, 2015 and from inception (May 13, 2015) to June 30, 2015 then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has had no revenues and incurred an accumulated deficit of $36,098 as of June 30, 2015. These conditions, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans concerning these matters are also described in Note 2, which includes the raising of additional equity financing or through borrowings from financial institutions or others. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
 
 
/s/ Anton & Chia, LLP
   
Newport Beach
 
July 15, 2015
 
 
RICH UNCLES REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.
BALANCE SHEET
 
   
As of
 
   
6/30/2015
 
ASSETS
     
Cash
  $ 101,000  
Total Assets
    101,000  
         
LIABILITIES & SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
       
Current Liabilities
       
Accrued expenses
    19,555  
Payable to related party
    17,544  
Total Liabilities     37,098  
Shareholders' Equity
       
Preferred stock at $0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2015
    -  
Common stock at $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,000 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2015
    100  
Additional paid-in capital
    99,900  
Accumulated deficit
    (36,098 )
Total Shareholders' Equity
    63,902  
TOTAL LIABILITIES & EQUITY
  $ 101,000  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 
 
RICH UNCLES REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
 
   
From inception
(5/13/15) to 6/30/15
 
Ordinary Income/Expense
     
Expense      
Professional fees      
Attorney service fees   $ 32,073  
Audit fees     4,025  
Total professional fees     36,098  
Total Expense     36,098  
Net Ordinary Loss
    (36,098 )
Net Loss
  $ (36,098 )
         
Net loss per share: basic and diluted   $ (28.88 )
Weighted average shares outstanding: basic and diluted     1,250  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 
 
RICH UNCLES REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
FOR THE PERIOD FROM INCEPTION (5/13/2015) TO 6/30/2015
 
   
Common Stock
   
Additional Paid-in
   
Accumulated
   
Total Stockholders'
 
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
Capital
   
Deficit
   
Equity
 
Balance, inception (5/13/2015)
    -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -  
Common stock issued for cash
    10,000       100       99,900       -       100,000  
Net loss
    -       -       -       (36,098 )     (36,098 )
Balance, 6/30/2015
    10,000     $ 100     $ 99,900     $ (36,098 )   $ 63,902  
                                         
                   
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 
 
RICH UNCLES REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
 
   
From inception
(5/13/15) to 6/30/15
 
Operating Activities
     
Net loss
  $ (36,098 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
       
Accrued expenses
    19,555  
Payable to related party
    17,544  
Net cash provided by operating activities
    1,000  
Financing Activities
       
Issuance for common stock
    100,000  
Net cash provided by financing activities
    100,000  
Net cash increase for period
    101,000  
Cash at beginning of period
  $ -  
Cash at end of period
  $ 101,000  
         
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
       
Interest paid
  $ -  
Income taxes paid
  $ -  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 
 
RICH UNCLES REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF JUNE 30, 2015
 
NOTE 1.  BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATION

Rich Uncles Real Estate Investment Trust (the “Company”), was incorporated on May 14, 2015 under the laws of the State of Maryland. The Company is a Maryland real estate investment trust (REIT) with authority to issue 250,000,000 shares of stock, consisting of 200,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share. The Company sells its shares directly to investors at a purchase price of $10.00 per share, and not through registered broker-dealers and investment advisors who are paid commissions and fees. The minimum investment in shares is $500. The Company was formed to primarily invest, directly or indirectly through investments in non-affiliated entities, in single-tenant income-producing corporate properties located in the United States, which are leased to creditworthy tenants under long-term net leases. The Company’s goal is to generate income for investors and growth through the potential for long-term capital appreciation in the value of its properties.

The Company intends to qualify as a real estate investment trust for federal income tax purposes, and is externally managed by its advisor Rich Uncles REIT Operator, LLC, which is an affiliate of its sponsor Rich Uncles, LLC. Rich Uncles LLC is a Delaware Limited Liability Company registered to do business in California. Its members include Harold Hofer, Howard Makler, and Ray Wirta.

NOTE 2.  BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying audited balance sheet has been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), and include all the disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.

Going Concern

The Company has incurred losses from initial operations and has generated no revenues since inception, but it had working capital of $63,902 as of June 30, 2015. It will likely be required to make significant future expenditures in connection with continuing marketing efforts along with general administrative expenses. As of June 30, 2015, the accumulated deficit is $36,098. Because the Company has not yet demonstrated an ability to generate revenues, this raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Company has raised $100,000 in capital through the sale of its equity securities and may continue to raise more in the future through the sale of its equity securities, through an offering of debt securities, or through borrowings from financial institutions or others. Through such activities, the Company hopes to generate revenues in the future. Management believes that actions presently being taken to obtain additional funding provide the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern.
 
NOTE 3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The summary of significant accounting policies presented below is designed to assist in understanding the Company’s financial statements. These financial statements and accompanying notes are the representations of the Company’s management, who are responsible for their integrity and objectivity. These accounting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) in all material respects, and have been consistently applied in preparing the accompanying financial statements.

Use of Estimates

To prepare the financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ. Although these estimates reflect management's best estimates, it is at least reasonably possible that a material change to these estimates could occur in the near term.
 
 
RICH UNCLES REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF JUNE 30, 2015
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments

FASB ASC 820 "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures" establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs in measuring fair value. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market.

These tiers include:

Level 1: defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2: defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

Level 3: defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

The carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities, such as cash and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and cash in checking and savings accounts, and all investment instruments with an original maturity of three months or less. The Company had $101,000 cash and no cash equivalents as of June 30, 2015.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash with high quality banking institutions. From time to time, the Company may maintain cash balances at certain institutions in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit; however, no losses are expected in the future.

Income Taxes

The REIT avoids the double taxation treatment of income that normally results from investments in a corporation because a REIT is not generally subject to federal corporate income taxes on that portion of its income distributed to its stockholders, provided certain income tax requirements are satisfied, which, among others, include the requirement to pay dividends to investors of at least 90% of its annual REIT taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gain).

If the Company fails to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any year after electing REIT status, its income will be taxed at regular corporate rates, and it may be precluded from qualifying for treatment as a REIT for the four-year period following its failure to qualify. Even if the Company qualifies as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, it may still be subject to state and local taxes on its income and property and to federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed income.

The REIT must pass these four tests annually in order to retain its special tax status:

The REIT must distribute at least 90 percent of its annual taxable income, excluding capital gains, as dividends to its shareholders.
The REIT must have at least 75 percent of its assets invested in real estate, mortgage loans, shares in other REITs, cash, or government securities.
 
 
RICH UNCLES REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF JUNE 30, 2015
 
The REIT must derive at least 75 percent of its gross income from rents, mortgage interest, or gains from the sale of real property. And at least 95 percent must come from these sources, together with dividends, interest and gains from securities sales.
The REIT must have at least 100 shareholders and must have less than 50 percent of the outstanding shares concentrated in the hands of five or fewer shareholders.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has reviewed all the recent accounting pronouncements issued to date of the issuance of these financial statements, and does not believe any of these pronouncements will have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB (including its Emerging Issues Task Force), did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future financial statements.

NOTE 4. REIT INVESTMENT PROVISIONS

The offering is being sold on a “best efforts” basis. The Company is offering its shares to investors, who meet the suitability standards, a minimum of 50 shares of our common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and a maximum of 100,000,000 shares, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share. The maximum aggregate offering price will be $1,000,000,000. The minimum aggregate offering is $20,000.

The Company is making the shares available for purchase on its web site in order to take advantage of modern technology and to reduce the cost of selling the shares. The Company is not selling the shares through commission-based financial planners or broker-dealers.

The Company is not registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

Suitability of Shareholders

An investor can generally buy the Company’s shares if the investor has either: (i) a net worth of at least $250,000; or (ii) annual gross income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $70,000. In addition, the investment must not exceed 10% of the investor’s net worth. The REIT’s sponsor determines if the purchase of shares is a suitable and appropriate investment for the investor.

Voting Rights

The shareholders will be entitled to one vote for each Share. The shareholders are entitled to vote on certain matters, including, but not limited to, the following: (i) the amendment or modification of the declaration of trust, (ii) the amendment or repeal of the bylaws, (iii) the removal of a trust manager, and (iv) termination of our status as a REIT. The shareholders do not have any cumulative voting rights in the election of trust managers.

Ownership, Transfer Limitations, and Reporting Requirements

For so long as the Company remains a REIT, and except as otherwise provided in the declaration of trust, no person (as defined in the declaration of trust) may own in excess of 9.8% of the outstanding Shares. The declaration of trust contains various restrictions on the investors’ ability to transfer shares. These restrictions are to help ensure that the Company remains qualified as a REIT. For instance, the investor will not be able to transfer shares if, after giving effect to the transfer, the Company would have fewer than 100 shareholders. Additionally, the investor cannot transfer shares if, after giving effect to the transfer, the Company would fail to qualify as a REIT by reason of being closely held. To the extent that a purported transfer was to occur in violation of the declaration of trust, the shares that were the subject of the transfer will be automatically exchanged for an equal number of Excess Shares. The Excess Shares generally are (i) not entitled to any dividends or distributions, (ii) not entitled to vote on matters, and (iii) subject to a right of repurchase by us. Additionally, should the investor own more than 5% of the outstanding shares, or any lesser percentage as determined by the trust managers, the investor will be required to provide to the Company certain information concerning the ownership of shares.
 
 
RICH UNCLES REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF JUNE 30, 2015
 
No Preemptive Rights

Investors do not have any preemptive rights or any other preferential right of subscription for the purchase of any shares of any class or series or for the purchase of any securities convertible into shares of any class or series.

NOTE 5. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The Company has authority to issue 250,000,000 shares of stock, consisting of 200,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share. As of June 30, 2015, 10,000 shares of common stock are issued and outstanding for a total of $100,000 to the Company’s sponsor, Rich Uncles, LLC.

In order to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, the Company must distribute at least 90% of its taxable income (excluding capital gains) to its shareholders. The Company intends, although is not legally obligated, to continue to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of its shares at least at the level required to maintain REIT status unless the results of operations, general financial condition, general economic conditions or other factors inhibits the Company from doing so. Distributions are authorized at the discretion of the Company’s board of trust managers, which is directed, in substantial part, by its obligation to cause the Company to comply with the REIT requirements of the Internal Revenue Code.

NOTE 6. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company’s advisor Rich Uncles REIT Operator, LLC and sponsor Rich Uncles, LLC are both significantly owned by the same two individuals, Ray Wirta and Harold Hofer.

As of June 30, 2015, the Company has a current related-party payable to its sponsor, Rich Uncles, LLC in the amount of $17,544.

Compensation, Expense Reimbursement, and Advisor Participation Interest

The Company’s advisor, sponsor and their affiliates will receive compensation and reimbursement for services relating to the offering, management of the REIT, and management and operation of the properties.

Reimbursement of Organization and Offering

The Company will reimburse its advisor and sponsor actual organizational and offering expenses up to 3.0% of gross offering proceeds.

Acquisition Fees

For each acquisition, the Company will pay its advisor 3.0% of the cost of the property, not to exceed 6.0% when combined with all other expenses including, without limitation, legal fees, travel and communication fees, nonrefundable payments on property not acquired, accounting fees, and title insurance related to such acquisition.

Asset Management Fee

The Company shall pay to its advisor as compensation for the advisory services rendered to the Company, a monthly fee in an amount equal to 0.1% of the Company’s “average invested assets”, as of the end of the preceding month. “Average Invested Assets” means, for a specified period, the average of the aggregate book value of the assets of the Company invested, directly or indirectly, in equity interests in properties, before reserves for depreciation or bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves, computed by taking the average of such values at the end of each month during such period. The Asset Management Fee, which will not exceed fees which are competitive for similar services in the same geographic area, may or may not be taken, in whole or in part as to any year, in the sole discretion of the Company’s advisor.  All or any portion of the Asset Management Fee not taken as to any fiscal year shall be deferred without interest and may be taken in such other fiscal year as determined by the Company’s advisor.
 
 
RICH UNCLES REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF JUNE 30, 2015
 
Financing Coordination Fee

Other than with respect to any mortgage or other financing related to a property concurrent with its acquisition, if its advisor provides services in connection with the post-acquisition financing or refinancing of any debt that the Company obtain relative to properties or the REIT, the Company will pay the advisor or its assignees a financing coordination fee equal to 1.0% of the amount of such financing.

Property Management Fees

If its advisor or an affiliate provides a substantial amount of the property management services for the Company’s properties, then the advisor or affiliate will receive a property management fee equal to 1.5% of gross revenues from the properties managed.

Leasing Commissions

If its advisor provides a substantial amount of the services in connection with the leasing of a property or properties to unaffiliated third parties, the Company will pay its advisor leasing commissions equal to 6.0% of the rents due pursuant to such lease for the first ten years of the lease term; provided, however (i) if the term of the lease is less than ten years, such commission percentage will apply to the full term of the lease and (ii) any rents due under a renewal of a lease of an existing tenant upon expiration of the initial lease agreement (including any extensions provided for thereunder) shall accrue a commission of 3.0% in lieu of the aforementioned 6.0% commission.

Real Estate Commission

If its advisor or an affiliate provides a substantial amount of the services in connection with the sale of one or more properties, the advisor or an affiliate shall receive a Real Estate Commission equal to one-half of the brokerage commission paid with respect to such properties; provided, however, (i) the amount so paid shall not exceed an amount equal to 3.0% of the contract price of such properties and (ii) the amount so paid when added to the sums paid to unaffiliated parties in such capacity shall not exceed the lesser of (x) the real estate or brokerage commission for the sale of the property and (y) 6.0% of the contract price of such properties.

Subordinated Participation Fee

Upon the occurrence of a liquidity event such as the refinancing of the underlying mortgage or the Sale of the Properties or parcels of Properties, its advisor will be entitled to the Subordinated Participation Fee which shall be forty percent (40%) of the proceeds therefrom after the stockholders have received total distributions that return to them a 6.5% annual, cumulative, non-compounded return on their original invested capital plus their stockholders’ 6.5% return.

In the event the Advisory Agreement under which these fees are disclosed is terminated, the advisor shall be entitled to the Subordinated Participation Fee as set forth below even if the Agreement is terminated prior to such time as the stockholders have received total distributions in an amount equal to 100% of original invested capital plus an amount sufficient to pay the stockholders’ 6.5% return through the termination date.  If the stockholders have not received total distributions in an amount equal to 100% of original invested capital plus the stockholders’ 6.5% Return through the termination date, an appraisal of the properties then owned by the Company will be made.  If the appraised value of the properties then owned by the Company plus total distributions received prior to the termination date equals or is greater than 100% of original invested capital plus an amount sufficient to pay the stockholders’ 6.5% return through the termination date, the advisor will be entitled to the Subordination Participation Fee based on such appraised value less the then outstanding balance on any mortgage debt on the underlying properties plus a Subordinated Participation Fee on properties or parcels of properties previously sold but on which a Subordinated Participation Fee was not paid.
 
 
APPENDIX B
 
FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT
 
{Logo}   Investment Form
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc.
Subscription Agreement

1.           Investment
 
Amount of Subscription (US $500 minimum, at US $10.00 per Share)

2.           Investment Type (Check One Box Only)

 
Individual
 
Pension Plan 2
 
Traditional (Individual) IRA
 
Joint Tenant 1
 
Profit Sharing Plan
 
Simple IRA
 
Tenants in Common 1
 
KEOGH Plan
 
SEP IRA
 
UGMA/UTMA
 
ROTH IRA
 
Trust 2
 
Corporation 2
 
Partnership/LLC 2
 
Other 2
(1) All parties must sign.  (2) Please attach pages of trust/plan document or corporate/entity resolution) which lists the name of the trust/plan/entity, trustees/officers/authorized signatories, and date.

3.           Investor Information

         
Investor 1 Name
 
US Tax ID #
 
Date of Birth
         
Investor 2 Name
 
US Tax ID #
 
Date of Birth
           
   
City
 
State
Postal Code
Street Address
       
     
Phone (day)
 
E-mail NOTE:  You will receive investor communications and
   
correspondence electronically via email
Phone (evening
       
         
 
US Citizen
   
Foreign Citizen, country:
   
 
US Citizen residing outside the US
       
 
4.           Subscriber Representations and Signatures

In order to induce Rich Uncles REIT, Inc., to accept this subscription, I hereby represent and warrant as to all boxes checked below (check all boxes that apply to you):

 
A.  Financial Suitability Standards.   I have (I) an annual gross income of at least {insert NASAA or individual state requirement} and a net worth of at least {insert NASAA or individual state requirement}.  (Net worth in all cases should be calculated excluding the value of your home, furnishings and automobiles.  In the case of sales or fiduciary accounts, these suitability standards must be met by the fiduciary account, or by the person who directly or indirectly supplied the funds for the purchase of the Shares if such person is the fiduciary.)
 
 
 
 
B.  The Prospectus .  I have received, carefully read and understand the Prospectus, including the exhibits attached thereto and any amendments thereof and including those sections describing tax consequences.  I acknowledge that the Shares are being offered pursuant to the terms and in the manner described in the Prospectus.
 
 
C.  Acceptance of Subscription.   I understand that the Company may accept or reject my subscription in whole or in part, and no sale of any Shares will be deemed to have occurred until the Company has accepted my subscription.  I have the right to rescind this sale and receive a return of my subscription in full, without interest, within five days of the date of this subscription.
 
 
D.  Additional Representations and Warranties.
 
1.  I have such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters that I am capable of evaluating the merits and risks of an investment in the Shares and the suitability of the Shares as an investment for me.
 
 
2.  I understand that this investment should be regarded as generally illiquid and that I may have difficulty in selling my Shares since they are not traded on a securities exchange or other organized market.t  The company does have a share repurchase program (described in the prospectus).3.
 
 
3.  Under penalty of perjury, I certify that (i) the number shown above is my correct taxpayer identification number, (ii) I am not subject to backup withholding because I am exempt from backup withholding, (iii) I have not been notified by the Internal Revenue Service that I am subject to backup withholding, and (iv) I am a U.S. Citizen or U.S. resident alien. The company is required by law to retain and record certain personal information from me in order to accept the subscription.  By signing this Subscription Agreement, I agree to provide this information and confirm that this information is true and correct.
 
 
5.           Dividend Reinvestment Program
 
 
I wish to participate in the company’s Dividend Reinvestment Program as described in the Prospectus.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Subscription Agreement as of the ___ day of _____________, 201__.
 

 
Individual Subscriber:
 
   
                                                                                                                                                  
Signature of the Subscriber
Signature of the Subscriber's spouse (if applicable)
   
   
   
Entity Subscriber:
 
   
                                                                                                                                                  
Name of Entity
Signature of Authorized Party
 
Name:                                                            
 
Title:                                                              

 
APPENDIX C
 
RICH UNCLES REIT, INC.
 
DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN
 
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc., a Maryland real estate investment trust (the “ Company ”), has adopted a Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the “DRP”), the terms and conditions of which are set forth below. Capitalized terms shall have the same meaning as set forth in the Company’s declaration of trust unless otherwise defined herein.
 
1.         Number of Shares Issuable . The number of Shares authorized for issuance under the DRP is 10,000,000.
 
2.         Participants . “Participants” are holders of the Company’s Shares who elect to participate in the DRP.
 
3.         Dividend Reinvestment . The Company will apply that portion (as designated by a Participant) of the dividends and other distributions (“ Distributions ”) declared and paid in respect of a Participant’s Shares to the purchase of additional Shares for such Participant. Such shares will be sold directly by the Company to the Participant in the same manner in which the Company sold the underlying shares to which the Distributions relate unless the Participant makes a new election through a different distribution channel. The Company will not pay selling commissions on Shares purchased in the DRP.
 
4.         Procedures for Participation . Qualifying stockholders may elect to become Participants by completing and executing the Subscription Agreement, an enrollment form or any other Company-approved authorization form as may be available from the Company. To increase their participation, Participants must complete a new enrollment form. Participation in the DRP will begin with the next Distribution payable after receipt of a Participant’s subscription, enrollment or authorization. Shares will be purchased under the DRP on the date that the Company makes a Distribution. Distributions will be paid as authorized and declared by the Company’s board of directors.
 
5.         Purchase of Shares . Until the Company establishes an estimated value per Share that is not based on the price to acquire a Share in the Company’s primary offering or a follow-on public offering, Participants will acquire Shares at a price of $10.00 per share. Beginning December 31, 2016, and thereafter annually on each December 31, the Company’s board of directors will annually adjust the offering price of shares to a Net Asset Value per Share (“NAV”) estimated by the Company.  Upon the Company’s announcement that the Company has established an estimated NAV, Participants will acquire Shares at a price equal to the estimated NAV as updated annually. Participants in the DRP may purchase fractional shares so that 100% of the Distributions will be used to acquire shares. However, a Participant will not be able to acquire shares under the DRP to the extent such purchase would cause it to exceed limits set forth in the Company’s declaration of trust, as amended.
 
6.         Taxation of Distributions . The reinvestment of Distributions in the DRP does not relieve Participants of any taxes that may be payable as a result of those Distributions and their reinvestment pursuant to the terms of this DRP.
 
7.         Share Certificates . The shares issuable under the DRP shall be uncertificated until the board of directors determines otherwise.
 
8.         Voting of DRP Shares . In connection with any matter requiring the vote of the Company’s stockholders, each Participant will be entitled to vote all shares acquired by the Participant through the DRP.
 
9.       Termination by Participant . A Participant may terminate participation in the DRP at any time by delivering to the Company a written notice. To be effective for any Distribution, such notice must be received by the Company at least ten business days prior to the last day of the month to which the Distribution relates. Any transfer of Shares by a Participant will terminate participation in the DRP with respect to the transferred Shares.
 
 
10.       Amendment or Termination of DRP by the Company . The Company may amend or terminate the DRP for any reason upon ten days’ notice to the Participants. The Company may provide notice by including such information in a separate mailing to Participants.
 
11.       Liability of the Company . The Company shall not be liable for any act done in good faith, or for any good faith omission to act.
 
12.       Governing Law . The DRP shall be governed by the laws of the State of Maryland.
 
 
 

 
 
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS


Item 31.             Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

Item
 
Amount (1)
 
       
SEC registration fee
  $ 11,620.00  
Blue sky fees and expenses
    47,000.00  
Accounting fees and expenses
    4,000.00  
Legal fees and expenses
    60,000.00  
Printing
    2,000.00  
Miscellaneous expenses
    1,000.00  
Total:
  $ 125,620.00  

Item 32.             Sales to Special Parties.

Our sponsor has purchased 10,000 shares of common stock at the public offering price of $10.00 per share ($100,000.00).

Item 33.             Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

None

Item 34.             Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

Subject to the significant conditions set forth below, we have included in our charter a provision limiting the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages. In addition to the limitations set forth below, under Maryland law such exculpation is not permitted for any liability resulting from (a) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (b) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action.
 
Subject to the significant conditions set forth below, the charter also provides that we shall indemnify a director, officer or the advisor or any of our affiliates against any and all losses or liabilities reasonably incurred by them (other than when sued by or in right of Rich Uncles REIT, Inc.) in connection with or by reason of any act or omission performed or omitted to be performed on behalf of us in such capacity.
 
Under our charter, we shall not indemnify a director, the advisor or any of the advisor’s affiliates, we refer to each as an indemnitee, for any liability or loss suffered by an indemnitee, nor shall it exculpate an indemnitee, unless all of the following conditions are met: (i) an indemnitee has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in our best interests; (ii) the indemnitee was acting on our behalf or performing services for us; (iii) such liability or loss was not the result of (A) negligence or misconduct by the indemnitee, excluding an independent director, or (B) gross negligence or willful misconduct by an independent director; and (iv) such indemnification or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of our net assets and not from our common stockholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an indemnitee shall not be indemnified by us for any losses, liability or expenses arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws by such party unless one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations as to the particular indemnitee; (ii) such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the particular indemnitee; and (iii) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against a particular indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the SEC and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which our securities were offered or sold as to indemnification for violations of securities laws.
 
The charter provides that the advancement of our funds to an indemnitee for legal expenses and other costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which indemnification is being sought is permissible only if (in addition to the procedures required by Maryland law) all of the following conditions are satisfied: (i) the legal action relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on our behalf; (ii) the legal action is initiated by a third party who is not a common stockholder or the legal action is initiated by a common stockholder acting in his or her capacity as such and a court of competent jurisdiction specifically approves such advancement; and (iii) the indemnitee undertakes to repay the advanced funds to us, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, if the indemnitee is found not to be entitled to indemnification.
 
 
It is the position of the SEC that indemnification of directors and officers for liabilities arising under the Securities Act is against public policy and is unenforceable pursuant to Section 14 of the Securities Act.
 
We will also purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of all of our directors and executive officers against liability asserted against or incurred by them in their official capacities with the us, whether or not the we are required or have the power to indemnify them against the same liability.
 
Item 35.             Treatment of Proceeds from Stock Being Registered.

None

Item 36.             Financial statements and Exhibits.

(a)            Financial Statements .   See Appendix A to the Prospectus contained in the Registration Statement

(b)            Exhibits

*           To be filed by amendment.

Item 37.             Undertakings.

(a)           The Registrant undertakes to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement (i) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Act”); (ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of this Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement; notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and (iii) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the Registration Statement.
 
 
(b)           The Registrant undertakes (i) that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new Registration Statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof , (ii) that all post-effective amendments will comply with the applicable forms, rules and regulations of the SEC in effect at the time such post-effective amendments are filed, and (iii) to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
 
(c)           The Registrant undertakes that, for the purpose of determining liability under the Act to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness; provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
 
(d)           For the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: (i) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424, (ii) any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the Registrant or used or referred to by the Registrant, (iii) the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the Registrant, and (iv) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the Registrant to the purchaser.
 
(e)           The Registrant undertakes to send to each stockholder, at least on an annual basis, a detailed statement of any transaction with the Advisor or its affiliates, and of fees, commissions, compensation and other benefits paid or accrued to the Advisor or its affiliates for the fiscal year completed, showing the amount paid or accrued to each recipient and the services performed.
 
(f)            The Registrant undertakes to file a sticker supplement pursuant to Rule 424(c) under the Act during the distribution period describing each significant property not identified in the prospectus at such time as there arises a reasonable probability that such property will be acquired and to consolidate all such stickers into a post-effective amendment filed at least once every three months with the information contained in such amendment provided simultaneously to the existing stockholders. Each sticker supplement will disclose all compensation and fees received by the Advisor and its affiliates in connection with any such acquisition. The post-effective amendment shall include audited financial statements meeting the requirements of Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X only for the significant properties acquired during the distribution period if such financial statements have been filed or would be due under Items 2.01 and 9.01 of Form 8-K.
 
(g)           The Registrant undertakes to file, after the end of the distribution period, a current report on Form 8-K containing the financial statements and any additional information required by Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X, to reflect each commitment (i.e., the signing of a binding purchase agreement) made after the end of the distribution period involving the use of 10% or more (on a cumulative basis) of the net proceeds of the offering and to provide the information contained in such report to the stockholders at least once each quarter after the distribution period of the offering has ended.
 
(h)           The Registrant undertakes to provide to the stockholders the financial statements required by Form 10-K for the first full fiscal year of operations.
 
(i)             Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
 
 
POWER OF ATTORNEY
 
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Harold C. Hofer or Raymond E. Wirta, or either of them, as his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement, and to file the same with all exhibits thereto, and all documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-11 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Costa Mesa, State of California, on July 15 , 2015.

 
RICH UNCLES REIT, INC.
 
 
  /s/ Harold Hofer
 
Harold C. Hofer, Chief Executive Officer
   

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Date:
July 15 , 2015
  /s/ Harold Hofer
   
Harold C. Hofer, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
     
Date:
July 15 , 2015
  /s/ Raymond E. Wirta
   
Raymond E. Wirta, Chairman of the Board and Director
     
Date:
July 15 , 2015
  /s/ John Wang
   
John Wang, Director
     
Date:
July 15 , 2015
   /s/ Howard Makler
   
Howard Makler, President and Chief Marketing Officer
     
Date:
July 15 , 2015
  /s/ Jeffrey Randolph
   
Jeffrey Randolph, Director
     
Date:
July 15 , 2015
  /s/ Vipe Desai
   
Vipe Desai, Director
     
Date:
July 15 , 2015
  /s/ Jonathan Platt
   
Jonathan Platt, Director
     
Date:
July 15 , 2015
  /s/ David Feinleib
   
David Feinleib, Director
     

 
II-4

 
Exhibit 3.1
 

ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT
OF
RICH UNCLES REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.
 
Pursuant to the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”), the undersigned sole incorporator of Rich Uncles Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., Lee Polson, whose address is c/o Strasburger & Price, LLP, 720 Brazos Street, Suite 700, Austin, Texas 78701, being at least 18 years of age, does hereby adopt these articles of amendment and restatement.
 
These Articles of Amendment and Restatement are approved and adopted by the sole incorporator prior to the organizational meeting of the board of directors.  No shares of stock of the Corporation are issued and outstanding.
 
These articles of amendment and restatement include a name change of the Corporation, from Rich Uncles Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., to Rich Uncles REIT, Inc.
 
ARTICLE 1
NAME
 
1.1   Name .  The name of the corporation (the “Corporation”) is Rich Uncles REIT, Inc.
 
ARTICLE 2
PURPOSES
 
2.1   Purposes .  The purposes for which the Corporation is formed are to engage in any lawful act or activity, including, without limitation or obligation, engaging in business as a real estate investment trust under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or as any successor statute (the “Code”), for which corporations may be organized under the general laws of the State of Maryland as now or hereafter in force.  As used herein, “REIT” means a real estate investment trust under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code.
 
ARTICLE 3
DEFINITIONS
 
3.1   Definitions .   The following words and terms, when used in these Articles of Incorporation, shall have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
 
3.1.1   Acquisition Expenses .  Expenses including, but not limited to, legal fees and expenses, travel and communications expenses, costs of appraisals, nonrefundable option payments on property not acquired, accounting fees and expenses, title insurance, and miscellaneous expenses related to selection and acquisition of properties, whether or not acquired.
 
3.1.2   Acquisition Fee .  The total of all fees and commissions paid by any party in connection with making or investing in mortgage loans or the purchase, development or construction of property by this Corporation.  Included in the computation of such fees or commissions shall be any real estate commission, selection fee, development fee, construction fee, nonrecurring management fee, loan fees or points or any fee of a similar nature, however designated.  Excluded shall be development fees, construction fees and loan brokerage fees paid to persons not affiliated with the Sponsor (as defined below) in connection with the actual development and construction of a project.
 
 
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc., Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation
Page 1
 
 

 
 
3.1.3   Advisor .  The person responsible for directing or performing the day-to-day business affairs of this Corporation, including a person to which an Advisor subcontracts substantially all such functions.  At the outset of this Corporation, the Advisor will be Rich Uncles REIT Operator, LLC.
 
3.1.4   Affiliate .  An affiliate of another person includes any of the following:
 
(a) any person directly or indirectly owning, controlling, or holding, with power to vote, 10% or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other person;
 
(b) any person 10% or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held, with power to vote, by such other person;
 
(c) any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with such other person;
 
(d) any executive officer, director, trustee, or general partner of such other person; or
 
(e) any legal entity for which such person acts as an executive officer, director, trustee, or general partner.
 
3.1.5   Average Invested Assets .  For any period, the average of the aggregate book value of the assets of the Corporation invested, directly or indirectly, in equity interests in, and loans secured by, real estate, before reserves for depreciation or bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves computed by taking the average of such values at the end of each month during such period.
 
3.1.6   Competitive Real Estate Commission .  Real estate or brokerage commission paid for the purchase or sale of a property which is reasonable, customary, and competitive in light of the size, type, and location of such property.
 
3.1.7   Construction Fee .  A fee or other remuneration for acting as general contractor and/or construction manager to construct improvements, supervise, and coordinate projects or to provide major repairs or rehabilitation on this Corporation’s property.
 
3.1.8   Contract Price for the Property .  The amount actually paid or allocated to the purchase, development, construction, or improvement of a property exclusive of Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses.
 
 
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc., Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation
Page 2
 
 

 
 
3.1.9   Development Fee .  A fee for the packaging of this Corporation's property, including negotiating and approving plans, and undertaking to assist in obtaining zoning and necessary variances and necessary financing for the specific property, either initially or at a later date.
 
3.1.10   Directors(s) .  The member(s) of the Board of Directors that manages the REIT.
 
3.1.11   Independent Director(s) .  The Director(s) of this Corporation who are not associated and have not been associated within the last two years, directly or indirectly, with the Sponsor or Adviser of this Corporation.
 
(a)   A Director shall be deemed to be associated with the Sponsor or Advisor if he or she:
 
(1)   owns an interest in the Sponsor, Advisor, or any of their affiliates;
 
(2)   is employed by the Sponsor, Advisor, or any of their affiliates;
 
(3)   is an officer or director of the Sponsor, Advisor, or any of their affiliates;
 
(4)   performs services, other than as a Director, for the Corporation;
 
(5)   is a director for more than three REITs organized by the Sponsor or advised by the Advisor; or
 
(6)   has any material business or professional relationship with the Sponsor, Advisor, or any of their affiliates.
 
(b) F or purposes of determining whether or not the business or professional relationship is material, the gross revenue derived by the prospective Independent Director from the Sponsor and Advisor and affiliates shall be deemed material per se if it exceeds 5.0% of the prospective Independent Director's:
 
(1)   annual gross revenue, derived from all sources, during either of the last two years; or
 
(2)   net worth, on a fair market value basis.
 
(c)   An indirect relationship shall include circumstances in which a Director’s spouse, parents, children, siblings, mothers- or fathers-in-law, sons- or daughters-in-law, or brothers- or sisters-in-law is or has been associated with the Sponsor, Advisor, any of their affiliates, or the Corporation.
 
 
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc., Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation
Page 3
 
 

 
 
3.1.12   Independent Expert .  A person with no material current or prior business or personal relationship with the Advisor or Directors who is engaged to a substantial extent in the business of rendering opinions regarding the value of assets of the type held by the Corporation.
 
3.1.13   NASAA REIT Guidelines .  The Statement of Policy Regarding Real estate investment trusts published by the North American Securities Administrators Association in effect on the date hereof.
 
3.1.14   Net Assets .  The total assets (other than intangibles) at cost before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves less total liabilities, calculated at least quarterly on a basis consistently applied.
 
3.1.15   Net Income .  For any period total revenues applicable to such period, less the expenses applicable to such period other than additions to reserves for depreciation or bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves.  If the Advisor receives an incentive fee, net income, for purposes of calculating total operating expenses in accordance with the NASAA REIT Guidelines, shall exclude the gain from the sale of the Corporation's assets.
 
3.1.16   Organization and Offering Expenses .  All expenses incurred by and to be paid from the assets of the Corporation in connection with and in preparing a REIT for registration and subsequently offering and distributing it to the public, including, but not limited to, total underwriting and brokerage discounts and commissions (including fees of the underwriters' attorneys), expenses for printing, engraving, mailing, salaries of employees while engaged in sales activity, charges of transfer agents, registrars, trustees, escrow holders, depositaries, experts, expenses of qualification of the sale of the securities under federal and state laws, including taxes and fees, accountants' and attorneys' fees.
 
3.1.17   Roll-up .  A transaction involving the acquisition, merger, conversion, or consolidation either directly or indirectly of this Corporation and the issuance of securities of a roll-up entity.  Such term does not include:
 
(a) a transaction involving securities of this Corporation that have been for at least 12 months listed on a national securities exchange or traded through the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation National Market System; or
 
(b) a transaction involving the conversion to trust or association form of only this Corporation if, as a consequence of the transaction there will be no significant adverse change in any of the following:
 
(1)   shareholders' voting rights;
 
(2)   the term of existence of the Corporation;
 
(3)   Sponsor (as defined below) or Advisor compensation;
 
 
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc., Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation
Page 4
 
 

 
 
(4)   the Corporation's investment objectives.
 
3.1.18   Roll-up Entity .  A partnership, real estate investment trust, corporation, trust, or other entity that would be created or would survive after the successful completion of a proposed roll-up transaction.
 
3.1.19   Shareholders .  The holders of this Corporation's shares.
 
3.1.20   Shares .  Shares of common stock of this Corporation as set forth under 7.1 below.
 
3.1.21   Sponsor .  Any person directly or indirectly instrumental in organizing, wholly or in part, this Corporation or any person who will control, manage or participate in the management of this Corporation, and any affiliate of such person.  Not included is any person whose only relationship with this Corporation is as that of an independent property manager of the Corporation’s assets, and whose only compensation is as such.  The term “Sponsor” does not include wholly independent third parties such as attorneys, accountants, and underwriters whose only compensation is for professional services.  A person may also be deemed a Sponsor of this Corporation by:
 
(a)   taking the initiative, directly or indirectly, in founding or organizing the business or enterprise of this Corporation, either alone or in conjunction with one or more other persons;
 
(b)   receiving a material participation in this Corporation in connection with the founding or organizing of the business of this Corporation, in consideration of services or property, or both services and property;
 
(c)   having a substantial number of relationships and contacts with this Corporation;
 
(d)   possessing significant rights to control the assets owned by this Corporation;
 
(e)   receiving fees for providing services to this Corporation which are paid on a basis that is not customary in the industry; or
 
(f)   providing goods or services to this Corporation on a basis which was not negotiated at arms length with this Corporation.
 
3.1.22   Total Operating Expenses .  Aggregate expenses of every character paid or incurred by this Corporation as determined under generally accepted accounting principles, including Advisors' fees, but excluding:
 
(a)   the expenses of raising capital such as organization and offering expenses, legal, audit, accounting, underwriting, brokerage, listing, registration and other fees, printing and other such expenses, and tax incurred in connection with the issuance, distribution, transfer and registration, if any, of the Shares;
 
 
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc., Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation
Page 5
 
 

 
 
(b)   interest payments;
 
(c)   taxes;
 
(d)   non-cash expenditures such as depreciation, amortization, and bad debt reserves;
 
(e)   Incentive Fees paid in compliance with the NASAA REIT Guidelines;
 
(f)   Acquisition Fees, Acquisition Expenses, real estate commissions on resale of property and other expenses connected with the acquisition, disposition, and ownership of real estate interests, mortgage loans, or other property, (such as the costs of foreclosure, insurance premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair, and improvement of property).
 
3.1.23   Unimproved Real Property .  The real property of this Corporation which has the following three characteristics:
 
(a)   an equity interest in real property which was not acquired for the purpose of producing rental or other operating income;
 
(b)   has no development or construction in process on such land; and
 
(c)   no development or construction on such land is planned in good faith to commence on such land within one year.  As of the formation of this Corporation, it is not expected that this Corporation will own Unimproved Real Property.
 
ARTICLE 4
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND RESIDENT AGENT
 
The address of the principal office of the Corporation in the State of Maryland is c/o Capitol Corporate Services, Inc., 3206 Tower Oaks Blvd., 4 th Floor, Rockville, Maryland 20852.  The name of the resident agent of the Corporation in the State of Maryland is Capitol Corporate Services, Inc. and its address is 3206 Tower Oaks Blvd., 4 th Floor, Rockville, Maryland 20852.  The resident agent is a Maryland corporation.
 
ARTICLE 5
PROVISIONS FOR DEFINING, LIMITING AND REGULATING CERTAIN POWERS OF THE CORPORATION AND OF THE STOCKHOLDERS AND DIRECTORS
 
5.1   Number and Experience of Directors .
 
5.1.1   Number of Directors .  The number of Directors of the Corporation shall be fixed by, or in the manner provided in the Bylaws of the Corporation, and may be increased or decreased from time to time in such a manner as may be prescribed by the Bylaws, but in no event shall there be less than three (3) or more than seven (7) Directors but shall never be less than the minimum number required by the Maryland General Corporation Law, or any successor statute (the “MGCL”).  Except during a period of vacancy or vacancies on the Board of Directors, a majority of the Directors at all times shall be persons who are Independent Directors (as that term is defined in Section 3.1.11.
 
 
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc., Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation
Page 6
 
 

 
 
5.1.2   Experience of Directors .  A Director shall have had at least three years of relevant experience demonstrating the knowledge and experience required to successfully acquire and manage the type of asset being acquired by this Corporation.  At least one of the Independent Directors shall have three years of relevant real estate experience.
 
5.2   Vacancies of Independent Directors .  Independent Directors shall nominate replacements for vacancies among the Independent Directors.
 
5.3   MGCL Election.  The Corporation elects, at such time as it becomes eligible to make the election provided for under Section 3-802(a)(2) of the MGCL, to become subject to the provisions of Section 3-804(c) of the MGCL, which provides that, except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the terms of any class or series of stock, any and all vacancies on the Board of Directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies.
 
5.4   Extraordinary Actions .  Except as specifically provided in Section 4.8 (relating to removal of directors) and in the last sentence of Article VII, notwithstanding any provision of law permitting or requiring any action to be taken or approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of shares entitled to cast a greater number of votes, any such action shall be effective and valid if declared advisable by the Board of Directors and taken or approved by the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
 
5.5   Authorization by Board of Stock Issuance .  The Board of Directors may authorize the issuance from time to time of shares of stock of the Corporation of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, or securities or rights convertible into shares of its stock of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, for such consideration as the Board of Directors may deem advisable (or without consideration in the case of a stock split or stock dividend), subject to such restrictions or limitations, if any, as may be set forth in this Charter or the Bylaws.
 
5.6   Preemptive Rights and Appraisal Rights .  Except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the terms of classified or reclassified shares of stock pursuant to Section 5.4 or as may otherwise be provided by a contract approved by the Board of Directors, no holder of shares of stock of the Corporation shall, as such holder, have any preemptive right to purchase or subscribe for any additional shares of stock of the Corporation or any other security of the Corporation which it may issue or sell.  Holders of shares of stock shall not be entitled to exercise any rights of an objecting stockholder provided for under Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the MGCL unless the Board of Directors, upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors, shall determine that such rights apply, with respect to all or any classes or series of stock, to one or more transactions occurring after the date of such determination in connection with which holders of such shares would otherwise be entitled to exercise such rights.
 
 
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc., Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation
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5.7   Indemnification .  The Corporation shall have the power, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to obligate itself to indemnify, and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to, (a) any individual who is a present or former director or officer of the Corporation or (b) any individual who, while a director or officer of the Corporation and at the request of the Corporation, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner, member, manager or trustee of another corporation, statutory real estate investment trust, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise from and against any claim or liability to which such person may become subject or which such person may incur by reason of his or her service in any of the foregoing capacities.  The Corporation shall have the power, with the approval of the Board of Directors, to provide such indemnification and advancement of expenses to a person who served a predecessor of the Corporation in any of the capacities described in (a) or (b) above and to any employee or agent of the Corporation or a predecessor of the Corporation.  Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Section 5.7, nor the adoption or amendment of any other provision of these Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws inconsistent with this 5.7, shall apply to or affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding sentence with respect to any act or failure to act which occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.
 
5.8   Determinations by Board .  The determination as to any of the following matters, made in good faith by or pursuant to the direction of the Board of Directors consistent with this Charter, shall be final and conclusive and shall be binding upon the Corporation and every holder of shares of its stock: the amount of the net income of the Corporation for any period and the amount of assets at any time legally available for the payment of dividends, redemption of its stock or the payment of other distributions on its stock; the amount of paid-in surplus, net assets, other surplus, annual or other net profit, cash flow, funds from operations, net assets in excess of capital, undivided profits or excess of profits over losses on sales of assets; the amount, purpose, time of creation, increase or decrease, alteration or cancellation of any reserves or charges and the propriety thereof (whether or not any obligation or liability for which such reserves or charges shall have been created shall have been paid or discharged); any interpretation of the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers or rights, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of any class or series of stock of the Corporation; the fair value, or any sale, bid or asked price to be applied in determining the fair value, of any asset owned or held by the Corporation or of any shares of stock of the Corporation; the number of shares of stock of any class or series of the Corporation; any matter relating to the acquisition, holding and disposition of any assets by the Corporation; or any other matter relating to the business and affairs of the Corporation or required or permitted by applicable law, this Charter or Bylaws or otherwise to be determined by the Board of Directors.
 
5.9   REIT Qualification .  If the Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in the best interests of the Corporation to continue to be qualified as a REIT, the Board of Directors may revoke or otherwise terminate the Corporation’s REIT election pursuant to Section 856(g) of the Code.  The Board of Directors also may determine that compliance with any restriction or limitation on stock ownership and transfers set forth in Article VI is no longer required for REIT qualification.
 
 
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5.10   Removal of Directors .  Any director, or the entire Board of Directors, may be removed from office at any time, but only for cause and then only by the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors.  For the purpose of this paragraph, “cause” shall mean, with respect to any particular director, conviction of a felony or a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction holding that such director caused demonstrable, material harm to the Corporation through bad faith or active and deliberate dishonesty.
 
5.11   Duties of Directors .
 
5.11.1   At or before the first meeting of the Board of Directors, the Articles of Incorporation shall be reviewed and ratified by a majority vote of the Directors and of the Independent Directors.
 
5.11.2   The Board of Directors shall establish written policies on investments and borrowing and shall monitor the administrative procedures, investment operations and performance of the Corporation and the Advisor to assure that such policies are carried out.
 
5.11.3   A majority of the Independent Directors must approve matters to which Sections 6.2(A), 6.2(D), 7.1-7.10, 8.1(B), 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3(B), 10.4, 10.5, 10.7, 10.8, 10.11(C), of these Articles of Incorporation apply.
 
5.11.4   Advisory Contract .
 
(a)   It shall be the duty of the Directors to evaluate the performance of the Advisor before entering into or renewing an advisory contract.  The criteria used in such evaluation shall be reflected in the minutes of such meeting.
 
(b)   Each contract for the services of an Advisor entered into by the Directors shall have a term of no more than one year.
 
(c)   Each advisory contract shall be terminable by a majority of the Independent Directors, or the Advisor on 60 days written notice without cause and without penalty; provided, however, the Advisor shall be entitled to the value of its incentive fee based upon the appraised value of the Corporation’s property at the date of termination.  In the event of the termination of such contract, the Advisor will cooperate with the Corporation and take all reasonable steps requested to assist the Directors in making an orderly transition of the advisory function.
 
(d)   The Directors shall determine that the Advisor, including any successor Advisor, possesses sufficient qualifications to:
 
(1)   perform the advisory function for the Corporation; and
 
 
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(2)   justify the compensation provided for in its contract with the Corporation.
 
5.12   Fiduciary Duty of Directors .  The Directors and any Advisor of the Corporation shall be deemed to be in a fiduciary relationship to the Corporation and to the shareholders.  Additionally, the Directors shall have a fiduciary duty to the shareholders to supervise the relationship of the Corporation with the Advisor.
 
5.13   Election of Directors; Quorum .  A majority of shareholders in person or by proxy at an annual meeting at which a quorum is present, may, without the necessity for concurrence by the Directors, vote to elect the Directors.  Except as otherwise provided in these Articles of Incorporation, the holders of majority of the voting shares, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of shareholders, except that when specified business is to be voted on by a class or series voting as a class, the holders of a majority of the shares of such class or series shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.
 
ARTICLE 6
FEES, COMPENSATION AND EXPENSES
 
6.1   Reasonable Expenses .  The Independent Directors shall determine, from time to time but no less often than annually, that the total fees and expenses of this Corporation are reasonable in light of the investment performance of this Corporation, its Net Assets, its Net Income, and the fees and expenses of other comparable unaffiliated REITs.  Each such determination shall be reflected in the minutes of the meetings of the Board of Directors.
 
6.2   Organization and Offering Expenses .  The Organization and Offering Expenses paid in connection with this Corporation's formation or the syndication of its Shares shall be reasonable and shall in no event exceed an amount equal to 3.0% of the proceeds raised in an offering.
 
6.3   Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses .
 
6.3.1   The total of all Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses shall be reasonable, and shall not exceed an amount equal to the greater of (i) $25,000 and (ii) 3.0% of the Contract Price of a property; however, in no event will such total, when combined with all other broker fees related to such acquisition, exceed 6.0% of the Contract Price of such property.
 
6.3.2   Notwithstanding the cap on Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses in the immediately preceding provision, a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction may approve fees in excess of these limits if they determine the transaction to be commercially competitive, fair and reasonable to the Corporation.
 
6.4   Total Operating Expenses .
 
6.4.1   The Total Operating Expenses of this Corporation shall (in the absence of a satisfactory showing to the contrary) be deemed to be excessive if they exceed in any fiscal year the greater of 2.0% of its Average Invested Assets or 25% of its Net Income for such year.  The Independent Directors shall have the fiduciary responsibility of limiting such expenses to amounts that do not exceed such limitations unless such Independent Directors shall have made a finding that, based on such unusual and non-recurring factors which they deem sufficient, a higher level of expenses is justified for such year.  Any such finding and the reasons in support thereof shall be reflected in the minutes of the meeting of the Board of Directors.
 
 
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6.4.2   Within 60 days after the end of any fiscal quarter of this Corporation for which Total Operating Expenses (for the 12 months then ended) exceeded 2.0% of Average Invested Assets or 25% of Net Income, whichever is greater, there shall be sent to the Shareholders a written disclosure of such fact, together with an explanation of the factors the Independent Directors considered in arriving at the conclusion that such higher operating expenses were justified.
 
6.4.3   In the event the Independent Directors do not determine such excess expenses are justified, the Directors shall cause the Advisor to reimburse this Corporation at the end of the 12 month period the amount by which the aggregate annual expenses paid or incurred by the Corporation exceed the limitations herein provided.
 
6.5   Asset Management Fee.  The Corporation will pay its Advisor 0.75% of the Corporation’s average invested assets.  For purposes of this Section 6.5, “average invested assets” means, for any period, the average of the aggregate book value of the Corporation’s assets invested, directly or indirectly, in properties, before reserves for depreciation or bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves, computed by taking the average of these values at the end of each month during the period.
 
6.6   Financing Coordination Fee.  Other than with respect to any mortgage or other financing related to a property concurrent with its acquisition, if an Advisor, Director, Sponsor, or any Affiliate provides a substantial amount of the services in connection with the post-acquisition financing or refinancing of any debt that the Corporation obtains relative to a property or the Corporation, then that person may receive a financing coordination fee equal to 1.0% of the amount of such financing.
 
6.7   Property Management Fee .  If an Advisor, Director, Sponsor, or any Affiliate provides a substantial amount of the property management services for the Corporation’s properties, then that person may receive a property management fee equal to 1.5% of gross revenues from the properties managed.  The Corporation also may reimburse such person for property-level expenses that it pays or incurs on our behalf, including salaries, bonuses and benefits of persons employed by such person, except for the salaries, bonuses and benefits of persons who also serve as one of the Corporation’s executive officers or as an executive officer of such person. Such person may subcontract the performance of its property management duties to third parties and pay all or a portion of its property management fee to the third parties with whom it contracts for these services.
 
6.8   Leasing Commissions .  If a property or properties of the Company becomes unleased and an Advisor, Director, Sponsor, or any Affiliate provides a substantial amount of the services in connection with the leasing of such property or properties to unaffiliated third parties, then that person may receive a leasing commission equal to 6.0% of the rents due pursuant to such lease for the first ten years of the lease term; provided, however (i) if the term of the lease is less than ten years, such commission percentage will apply to the full term of the lease and (ii) any rents due under a renewal of a lease of an existing tenant upon expiration of the initial lease agreement (including the expiration of any extensions provided for thereunder) shall accrue a commission of 3.0% in lieu of the aforementioned 6.0% commission.  To the extent that any unaffiliated real estate broker assists in such leasing services, any compensation paid by the Company to an Advisor, Director, Sponsor, or any Affiliate pursuant to this Section 7.8 will be reduced by the amount paid to such unaffiliated real estate broker.
 
 
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6.9   Real Estate Commissions on Resale of Property .  If an Advisor, Director, Sponsor, or any Affiliate provides a substantial amount of the services in the effort to sell a property, then that person may receive up to one-half of the brokerage commission paid but in no event to exceed an amount equal to 3.0% of the contracted-for sales price.  In addition, the amount paid when added to the sums paid to unaffiliated parties in such a capacity shall not exceed the lesser of the Competitive Real Estate Commission or an amount equal to 6.0% of the contracted-for sales price.
 
6.10   Incentive Fees .
 
6.10.1   An interest in the gain from the sale of assets of the REIT, for which full consideration is not paid in cash or property of equivalent value, shall be allowed provided the amount or percentage of such interest is reasonable.  Such an interest in gain from the sale of REIT assets shall be considered presumptively reasonable if it does not exceed 40% of the balance of such net proceeds remaining after payment to shareholders, in the aggregate, of an amount equal to 100% of the original issue price of the Shares, plus a cumulative, non-compounded return equal to 6.5% of the original issue price of the Shares per annum.  For purposes of this subsection, the original issue price of the Shares may be reduced by prior cash distributions to Shareholders of net proceeds from the sale of Corporation assets.
 
6.10.2   In the case of multiple Advisors, Advisors, and any Affiliate shall be allowed Incentive Fees provided such fees are distributed by a proportional method reasonably designed to reflect the value added to the Corporation assets by each respective Advisor or any Affiliate.
 
6.11   Advisor Compensation .
 
6.11.1   The Independent Directors shall determine from time to time and no less often than annually that the compensation which the Corporation contracts to pay to the Advisor is reasonable in relation to the nature and quality of services performed and that such compensation is within the limits prescribed by the NASAA REIT Guidelines.  The Independent Directors shall also supervise the performance of the Advisor and the compensation paid to it by the Corporation to determine that the provisions of such contract are being carried out.  Each such determination shall be based on the factors set forth below and all other factors such Independent Directors may deem relevant and the findings of such Directors on each of such factors shall be recorded in the minutes of the Board of Directors.
 
 
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(a)   The size of the advisory fee in relation to the size, composition, and profitability of the Corporation.
 
(b)   The success of the Advisor in generating opportunities that meet the investment objectives of the Corporation.
 
(c)   The rates charged to other REITs and to investors other than REITs by advisors performing similar services.
 
(d)   Additional revenues realized by the Advisor and any Affiliate through their relationship with the Corporation, including loan administration, underwriting or broker commissions, servicing, engineering, inspection and other fees, whether paid by the Corporation or by others with whom the Corporation does business.
 
(e)   The quality and extent of service and advice furnished by the Advisor.
 
(f)   The performance of the Corporation’s property, including income, conservation or appreciation of capital, frequency of problem investments and competence in dealing with distress situations.
 
(g)   The quality of the Corporation’s property in relationship to the investments generated by the Advisor for its own account.
 
ARTICLE 7
STOCK
 
7.1   Authorized Shares .  The Corporation has authority to issue 250,000,000 shares of stock, consisting of 200,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share (“Common Stock”), and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share (“Preferred Stock”).  The aggregate par value of all authorized shares of stock having par value is $250,000.00.  If shares of one class of stock are classified or reclassified into shares of another class of stock pursuant to Section 5.2, 5.3 or 5.4 of this Article V, the number of authorized shares of the former class shall be automatically decreased and the number of shares of the latter class shall be automatically increased, in each case by the number of shares so classified or reclassified, so that the aggregate number of shares of stock of all classes that the Corporation has authority to issue shall not be more than the total number of shares of stock set forth in the first sentence of this paragraph.  The Board of Directors, with the approval of a majority of the entire Board of Directors and without any action by the stockholders of the Corporation, may amend this Charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that the Corporation has authority to issue.
 
7.1.1   Common Stock .  Each share of Common Stock shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote.  The Board of Directors may reclassify any unissued shares of Common Stock from time to time into one or more classes or series of stock.
 
 
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7.1.2   Preferred Stock .  The Board of Directors may classify any unissued shares of Preferred Stock and reclassify any previously classified but unissued shares of Preferred Stock of any series from time to time, into one or more classes or series of stock.
 
7.1.3   Classified or Reclassified Shares .  Prior to the issuance of classified or reclassified shares of any class or series of stock, the Board of Directors by resolution shall:  (a) designate that class or series to distinguish it from all other classes and series of stock of the Corporation; (b) specify the number of shares to be included in the class or series; (c) set or change, subject to the provisions of ARTICLE 7 and subject to the express terms of any class or series of stock of the Corporation outstanding at the time, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions (including, without limitation, restrictions on transferability), limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each class or series; and (d) cause the Corporation to file articles supplementary with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (“SDAT”).  Any of the terms of any class or series of stock set or changed pursuant to clause (c) of this Section 5.4 may be made dependent upon facts or events ascertainable outside this Charter (including determinations by the Board of Directors or other facts or events within the control of the Corporation) and may vary among holders thereof, provided that the manner in which such facts, events or variations shall operate upon the terms of such class or series of stock is clearly and expressly set forth in the articles supplementary or other Charter document.
 
7.2   Issuance of Shares Without Certificates .  Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, the Corporation shall not issue stock certificates.  The Corporation shall continue to treat the holder of uncertificated Capital Stock registered on its stock ledger as the owner of the shares noted therein until the new owner delivers a properly executed form provided by the Corporation for that purpose.  With respect to any shares of Capital Stock that are issued without certificates, information regarding restrictions on the transferability of such shares that would otherwise be required by the MGCL to appear on the stock certificates will instead be furnished to stockholders upon request and without charge.
 
7.3   Articles and Bylaws .  The rights of all stockholders and the terms of all shares of stock of the Corporation are subject to the provisions of these Articles and the Bylaws.
 
7.4   Tax on Disqualified Organizations .  To the extent that the Corporation incurs any tax pursuant to Section 860E(e)(6) of the Code as the result of any “excess inclusion” income (within the meaning of Section 860E of the Code) of the Corporation allocable to a “disqualified organization” (as defined in Section 860E(e)(5) of the Code) that holds Common Stock or Preferred Stock in record name, the Corporation shall reduce the distributions payable to any such “disqualified organization” in the manner described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.860E-2(b)(4), by reducing from one or more distributions to be paid to such stockholder an amount equal to the tax incurred by the Corporation pursuant to Section 860E(e)(6) as a result of such stockholder’s stock ownership.
 
7.5   Dividend Reinvestment Plans .  The Board of Directors may establish, from time to time, a dividend reinvestment plan or plans.  Under any dividend reinvestment plan, (a) all material information regarding dividends to the Common Stockholders and the effect of reinvesting such dividends, including the tax consequences thereof, shall be provided to the Common Stockholders not less often than annually, and (b) each Common Stockholder participating in such plan shall have a reasonable opportunity to withdraw from the plan not less often than annually after receipt of the information required in clause (a) above.
 
 
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7.6   Restrictions on Ownership, Transfer, Acquisition and Redemption of Shares .
 
7.6.1   Definitions .  For purposes of Sections 7.6 and 7.7, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
 
“Acquire” shall mean the acquisition of Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Common Shares by any means, including, without limitation, the exercise of any rights under any option, warrant, convertible security, pledge or other security interest or similar right to acquire shares, but shall not include the acquisition of any such rights unless, as a result, the acquiror would be considered a Beneficial Owner or Constructive Owner.  The terms “Acquires” and “Acquisition” shall have correlative meanings.

“Beneficial Ownership” shall mean ownership of Common Shares by an individual who would be treated as an owner of such shares under Section 542(a)(2) of the Code, either directly or constructively through the application of Section 544, as modified by Section 856(h)(1)(B).  For purposes of this definition, the term “individuals also shall include any organization, trust or other entity that is treated as an individual for purposes of Section 542(a)(2) of the Code. The terms “Beneficial Owner,” “Beneficially Own,” “Beneficially Owns” and “Beneficially Owned” shall have correlative meanings.

“Beneficiary” shall mean a beneficiary of the Excess Shares Trust as determined pursuant to Section 7.7.1.

“Board of Directors” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

“Bylaws” shall mean the Bylaws of the Corporation, as the same are in effect from time to time.

“Closing Price” on any day shall mean the last sale price, or if no such sale takes place on that day, or, if there is such closing prices otherwise are not available, the fair market value of the affected class or series of Common Shares as of such day, as determined by the Board of Directors in its discretion.

“Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto.  Reference to any provision of the Code shall mean such provision as in effect from time to time, as the same may be amended and any successor provision thereto, as interpreted by any applicable regulations as in effect from time to time.

“Common Shares Ownership Limit” shall mean, subject to the exceptions set forth in subsection 7.6.9, 8.0 percent of the outstanding Common Shares of the Corporation, or, from and after the date hereof, such greater percentage of the outstanding Common Shares of the Corporation as the Board of Directors may establish pursuant to the authority expressly vested in the Board of Directors in subsection 7.6.11 (but in no event to more than 9.9 percent of the outstanding Common Shares of the Corporation, as so adjusted), subject to the limitations contained in subsection 7.6.11.
 
 
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“Constructive Ownership” shall mean ownership of Common Shares by a Person who would be treated as an owner of such shares, either actually or constructively, directly or indirectly, though the application of Section 318 of the Code, as modified by Section 856(d)(5) thereof.  The terms “Constructive Owner,” “Constructively Own,” “Constructively Owns” and “Constructively Owned” shall have correlative meanings.

“Excess Shares Trust” shall mean the trust created pursuant to Section 7.7

“Excess Shares Trustee” shall mean the Corporation as Trustee for the Excess Shares Trust, and any successor trustee appointed by the Corporation.

 “Market Price” on any day shall mean the average of the Closing Prices for the ten (10) consecutive Trading Days immediately preceding such day (or those days during such 10 day period for which Closing Prices are available).

“Ownership Limit” shall mean the Common Shares Ownership Limit.

“Person” shall mean an individual, corporation, partnership, estate, trust (including a trust qualified under Section 401(a) or 501(c)(17) of the Code), a portion of a trust permanently set aside for or to be used exclusively for the purposes described in Section 642(c) of the Code, association, private foundation within the meaning of Section 509(a) of the Code, joint stock company or other entity, or a group as that term is used for purposes of Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of l934, as amended; but does not include an underwriter which participated in a public offering of Common Shares for a period of sixty (60) days following the purchase by such underwriter of such Common Shares therein, provided that the foregoing exclusion shall apply only if the ownership of such Common Shares by an underwriter or underwriters participating in a public offering would not cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT by reason of being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(a) of the Code or otherwise cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT.

“Purported Beneficial Holder” shall mean, with respect to any event or transaction other than a purported Transfer or Acquisition which results in Excess Shares, the Person for whom the applicable Purported Record Holder held the Common Shares that were, pursuant to paragraph 7.6.2, automatically exchanged for Excess Shares upon the occurrence of such event or transaction.  The Purported Beneficial Holder and the Purported Record Holder may be the same Person.

“Purported Beneficial Transferee” shall mean, with respect to any purported Transfer or Acquisition which results in Excess Shares, the purported beneficial transferee for whom the Purported Record Transferee would have acquired Common Shares if such Transfer or Acquisition had been valid under subsection 7.6.2.  The Purported Beneficial Transferee and the Purported Record Transferee may be the same Person.
 
 
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“Purported Record Holder” shall mean, with respect to any event or transaction other than a purported Transfer or Acquisition which results in Excess Shares the record holder of the Common Shares that were, pursuant to subsection 7.6.3, automatically exchanged for Excess Shares upon the occurrence of such an event or transaction. The Purported Record Holder and the Purported Beneficial Holder can be the same Person.

“Purported Record Transferee” shall mean, with respect to any purported Transfer or Acquisition which results in Excess Shares, the record holder of the Common Shares if such Transfer had been valid under subsection 7.6.2.  The Purported Record Transferee and the Purported Beneficial Transferee may be the same Person.

“REIT” shall mean a real estate investment trust under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code.

“Restriction Termination Date” shall mean the first day after the date hereof on which the Board of Directors and the shareholders of the Corporation determine that it is no longer in the best interests of the Corporation to attempt, or continue, to qualify as a REIT.

“Trading Day” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which banking institutions in the state of California are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

“Transfer” shall mean any sale, transfer, gift, hypothecation, assignment, devise or other disposition of a direct or indirect interest in Common Shares or the right to vote or receive dividends on Common Shares (including (i) the granting of any option (including any option to acquire an option or any series of such options) or entering into any agreement for the sale, transfer or other disposition of Common Shares or the right to vote or receive dividends on Common Shares or (ii) the sale, transfer, assignment or other disposition of any securities or rights convertible into or exchangeable for Common Shares, whether voluntary or involuntary, of record, constructively or beneficially, and whether by operation of law or otherwise).  The terms “Transfers,” “Transferred” and “Transferable” shall have correlative meanings.

7.6.2   Ownership and Transfer Limitations .
 
(a)   Notwithstanding any other provision of these Articles of Incorporation, except as provided in subsection 7.6.9 and Section 7.7, from and after the date hereof and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, no Person shall Beneficially or Constructively Own Common Shares in excess of the Common Shares Ownership Limit.
 
(b)   Notwithstanding any other provision of these Articles of Incorporation, except as provided in subsection 7.6.2 and subsection 7.6.3, from and after the date hereof and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, any Transfer, Acquisition, change in the capital structure of the Corporation, or other purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Common Shares or other event or transaction that, if effective, would result in any Person Beneficially or Constructively Owning Common Shares in excess of the applicable Ownership Limit shall be void ab initio as to the Transfer, Acquisition, change in the capital structure of the Corporation, or other purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership or other event or transaction with respect to that number of Common Shares which would otherwise be Beneficially or Constructively Owned by such Person in excess of the applicable Ownership Limit, and none of the Purported Beneficial Transferee, the Purported Record Transferee the Purported Beneficial Holder or the Purported Record Holder, as applicable, shall acquire any rights in that number of Common Shares.
 
 
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(c)   Notwithstanding any other provision of these Articles of Incorporation, except as provided in subsection 7.6.9 and Section 7.7, from and after the date hereof and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, any Transfer, Acquisition, change in the capital structure of the Corporation, or other purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership (including actual ownership) of Common Shares or other event or transaction that, if effective, would result in the Common Shares being actually owned by fewer than one hundred (100) Persons (determined without reference to any rules of attribution) shall be void ab initio as to the Transfer, Acquisition, change in the capital structure of the Corporation, or other purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership (including actual ownership) or other event or transaction with respect to that number of Common Shares which otherwise would be owned by the transferee, and the intended transferee or subsequent owner (including a Beneficial or Constructive Owner) shall acquire no rights in that number of Common Shares.
 
(d)   Notwithstanding any other provision of these Articles of Incorporation, except as provided in Section 7.7, from and after the date hereof and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, any Transfer, Acquisition, change in the capital structure of the Corporation, or other purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Common Shares or other event or transaction that, if effective, would cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT by reason of being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise, directly or indirectly, would cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT shall be void ab initio as to the Transfer, Acquisition, change in the capital structure of the Corporation, or other purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership or other event or transaction with respect to that number of Common Shares which would cause the Corporation to be “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise, directly or indirectly, would cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT, and none of the Purported Beneficial Transferee, the Purported Record Transferee, the Purported Beneficial Holder or the Purported Record Holder shall acquire any rights in that number of Common Shares.
 
(e)   Notwithstanding any other provision of these Articles of Incorporation, except as provided in Section 7.7, from and after the date hereof and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, any Transfer, Acquisition, change in capital structure of the Corporation, or other purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Common Shares or other event or transaction that, if effective, would (i) cause the Corporation to own (directly or Constructively) an interest in a tenant that is described in Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code and (ii) cause the Corporation to fail to satisfy any of the gross income requirements of Section 856(c) of the Code, shall be void ab initio as to the Transfer, Acquisition, change in capital structure of the Corporation, or other purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership or other event or transaction with respect to that number of Common Shares which would cause the Corporation to own an interest (directly or Constructively) in a tenant that is described in Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code, and none of the Purported Beneficial Transferee, the Purported Record Transferee, the Purported Beneficial Holder or the Purported Record Holder shall acquire any rights in that number of Common Shares.
 
 
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7.6.3   Exchange for Excess Shares .
 
(a)   If, notwithstanding the other provisions contained in this ARTICLE 7, at any time from and after the date hereof and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, there is a purported Transfer, Acquisition, change in the capital structure of the Corporation, or other purported change in the Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Common Shares or other event or transaction such that any Person would Beneficially or Constructively Own Common Shares in excess of the applicable Ownership Limit, then, except as otherwise provided in subsection 7.6.9, such number of Common Shares (rounded up to the next whole number of shares) in excess of the applicable Ownership Limit, automatically shall be exchanged for an equal number of Excess Shares having terms, rights, restrictions and qualifications identical thereto, except to the extent that this ARTICLE 7 requires different terms.  Such exchange shall be effective as of the close of business on the business day next preceding the date of the purported Transfer, Acquisition, change in capital structure, or other purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Common Shares or other event or transaction.
 
(b)   If, notwithstanding the other provisions contained in this ARTICLE 7, at any time from and after the date hereof and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, there is a purported Transfer, Acquisition, change in the capital structure of   the Corporation, or other purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Common Shares or other event or transaction which, if effective, would result in a violation of any of the restrictions described in subsection 7.6.2 or, directly or indirectly, would for any reason cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT, then the number of Common Shares (rounded up to the next whole number of shares) being Transferred or Acquired or which are otherwise affected by the change in capital structure or other purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership or other event or transaction and which would result in a violation of any of the restrictions described in subsection 7.6.2 or, directly or indirectly, would for any reason cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT, automatically shall be exchanged for an equal number of Excess Shares having terms, rights, restrictions and qualifications identical thereto, except to the extent that this ARTICLE 7 requires different terms. Such exchange shall be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of the purported Transfer, Acquisition, change in capital structure, or other purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership or other event or transaction.
 
(c)   The Board of Directors recognizes that subsections 7.6.3 may become operative because of the purported ownership of Common Shares by two or more (i) partners of a partnership, (ii) shareholders of a corporation, or (iii) members of any other Person.  In such event, the Board of Directors shall have the authority in its sole, complete and absolute discretion to determine the number of Common Shares and the identity of the Common Shares of each partner, shareholder or member that automatically shall be exchanged for an equal number of Excess Shares.
 
 
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7.6.4   Remedies For Breach .  If the Board of Directors or its designee shall at any time determine in good faith that a Transfer, Acquisition, or change in the capital structure of the Corporation or other purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership or other event or transaction has taken place in violation of subsection 7.6.2 or that a Person intends to Acquire or has attempted to Acquire Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of any Common Shares in violation of subsection 7.6.2, the Board of Directors or its designee shall take such action as it deems advisable to refuse to give effect to or to prevent such Transfer, Acquisition, or change in the capital structure of the Corporation, or other attempt to Acquire Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of any Common Shares or other event or transaction, including, but not limited to, refusing to give effect thereto on the books of the Corporation or instituting injunctive proceedings with respect thereto; provided, however, that any Transfer, Acquisition, change in the capital structure of the Corporation, attempted Transfer, or other attempt to Acquire Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of any Common Shares or event or transaction in violation of subsection 7.6.2 (as applicable) shall be void ab initio and, where applicable, automatically shall result in the exchange described in subsection 7.6.3, irrespective of any action (or inaction) by the Board of Directors or its designee.
 
7.6.5   Notice of Restricted Transfer .  Any Person who Acquires or attempts to Acquire Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Common Shares in violation of subsection 7.6.2 and any Person who Beneficially or Constructively Owns Excess Shares as a transferee of Common Shares resulting in an exchange for Excess Shares, pursuant to subsection 7.6.3, or otherwise, immediately shall give written notice to the Corporation, or, in the event of a proposed or attempted Transfer or Acquisition or purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership, shall give at least fifteen (15) days prior written notice to the Corporation, of such event and shall promptly provide to the Corporation such other information as the Corporation, in its sole discretion, may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such Transfer, attempted Transfer, Acquisition, attempted Acquisition or other purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership on the Corporation’s status as a REIT.
 
7.6.6   Owners Required To Provide Information .  From and after the date hereof and prior to the Restriction Termination Date:
 
(a)   Every Beneficial or Constructive Owner of more than 5 percent, or such lower percentage or percentages as determined pursuant to regulations under the Code or as may be requested by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, of the outstanding shares of the Common Shares of the Corporation annually shall, no later than January 31 of each calendar year, give written notice to the Corporation stating (i) the name and address of such Beneficial or Constructive Owner; (ii) the number of shares of the Common Shares Beneficially or Constructively Owned; and (iii) a description of how such shares are held.  Each such Beneficial or Constructive Owner promptly shall provide to the Corporation such additional information as the Corporation, in its sole discretion, may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such Beneficial or Constructive Ownership on the Corporation’s status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the applicable Ownership Limit and other restrictions set forth herein.
 
 
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(b)   Each Person who is a Beneficial or Constructive Owner of Common Shares end each Person (including the shareholder of record) who is holding Common Shares for a Beneficial or Constructive Owner promptly shall provide to the Corporation such information as the Corporation, in its sole discretion, may request in order to determine the Corporation’s status as a REIT, to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or other governmental agency, to determine any such compliance or to ensure compliance with the Ownership Limit and other restrictions set forth herein.
 
7.6.7   Remedies Not Limited .  Nothing contained in this ARTICLE 7 except Section 7.7 hereof shall limit the scope or application of the provisions of this Section 7.6, the ability of the Corporation to implement or enforce compliance with the terms thereof or the authority of the Board of Directors to take any such other action or actions as it may deem necessary or advisable to protect the Corporation and the interests of its shareholders by preservation of the Corporation’s status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the Ownership Limit and other restrictions set forth herein, including, without limitation, refusal to give effect to a transaction on the books of the Corporation.
 
7.6.8   Ambiguity .  In the case of ambiguity in the application of any of the provisions of this Section 7.6, including any definition contained in subsection 7.6.1 hereof, the Board of Directors shall have the power and authority, in its sole discretion, to determine the application of the provisions of this Section 8.3 with respect to any situation, based on the facts known to it.
 
7.6.9   Exceptions .  It is expected that as the Corporation begins accepting shareholders there will be a start up period during which the various ownership limitations will be exceeded and minimum shareholder thresholds will not yet be attained.  Until such time as the Corporation meets the requirements of the Internal Revenue Service for the qualification of the Corporation as a REIT, such requirements will be waived.  Additionally, the Board of Directors, upon receipt of a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, an opinion of counsel, or other evidence satisfactory to the Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, in each case to the effect that the restrictions contained in subsections 7.6.2(a)  7.6.2(b)  7.6.2(c)  will not be violated, may waive or change, in whole or in part, the application of the Ownership Limit with respect to any Person that is not an individual, as such term is defined in Section 542(a)(2) of the Code.  In connection with any such waiver or change, the Board of Directors may require such representations and undertakings from such Person or affiliates and may impose such other conditions, as the Board deems necessary, advisable or prudent, in its sole discretion, to determine the effect, if any, of the proposed transaction or ownership of Common Shares on the Corporation’s status as a REIT.
 
7.6.10   Increase in Common Shares Ownership Limit .  Subject to the limitations contained in paragraph K of this Section 7.6, the Board of Directors is hereby expressly vested with the full power and authority from time to time to increase the Common Shares Ownership Limit.  No such increase shall constitute or be deemed to constitute an amendment of these Articles of Incorporation, and shall take effect automatically without any action on the part of any shareholder as of the date specified by the Board of Directors that is subsequent to the Board resolution approving and effecting such reduction.
 
 
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7.6.11   Limitations on Modifications .
 
(a)   The Ownership Limit for Common Shares may not be increased and no additional ownership limitations may be created if, after giving effect to such increase or creation, the Corporation would be “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (assuming ownership of Common Shares by all Persons equal to the greatest of (i) the actual ownership, (ii) the Beneficial Ownership of Common Shares by each Person, or (iii) the Ownership Limit with respect to such Person).
 
(b)   Prior to any modification of the Ownership Limit with respect to any Person, the Board of Directors may require such opinions of counsel, affidavits, undertakings or agreements as it may deem necessary, advisable or prudent, in its sole discretion, in order to determine or ensure the Corporation’s status as a REIT.
 
(c)   The Common Shares Ownership Limit may not be increased to a percentage that is greater than 9.9 percent.
 
7.6.12   Legend .  Each certificate for Common Shares shall bear substantially the following legend:
 
“The securities represented by this certificate are subject to the restrictions on transfer and ownership for the purpose of maintenance of the Corporation’s status as a real estate investment trust (a “REIT”) under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).  Except as otherwise provided pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation, no Person may (i) Beneficially or Constructively Own Common Shares of the Corporation in excess of 8.0 percent   (or such greater percent as may be determined by the Board of Directors of the Corporation) of the outstanding Common Shares or (ii) Beneficially or Constructively Own Common Shares which would result in the Corporation being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code or which otherwise would cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT.  Any Person who has Beneficial or Constructive Ownership, or who Acquires or attempts to Acquire Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Common Shares in excess of the above limitations and any Person who Beneficially or Constructively Owns Excess Shares as a transferee of Common Shares resulting in an exchange for Excess Shares (as described below) immediately must notify the Corporation in writing or, in the event of a proposed or attempted Transfer or Acquisition or purported change in the Beneficial or Constructive Ownership must give written notice to the Corporation at least fifteen (15) days prior to the proposed or attempted transfer, transaction or other event.  Any Transfer or Acquisition of Common Shares or other event which results in violation of the ownership or transfer limitations set forth in the Articles of Incorporation shall be void ab initio and the Purported Beneficial and Record Transferee shall not have or acquire any rights in such Common Shares.  If the transfer and ownership limitations referred to herein are violated, the Common Shares represented hereby automatically will be exchanged for Excess Shares to the extent of violation of such limitations, and such Excess Shares will be held in trust by the Corporation, all as provided by the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation.  All defined terms used in this legend have the meanings identified in the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation, as the same may be amended from time to time, a copy of which, including the restrictions on transfer, will be sent without charge to each shareholder who so requests.”
 
 
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7.7   Excess Shares .
 
7.7.1   Ownership In Trust .  Upon any purported Transfer, Acquisition, change in the capital structure of the Corporation, or other purported change in the Beneficial or Constructive Ownership or event or transaction that results in Excess Shares pursuant to subsection 7.6.3, such Excess Shares shall be deemed to have been transferred to the Corporation, as Excess Shares Trustee of an Excess Shares Trust for the benefit of such Beneficiary or Beneficiaries to whom an interest in such Excess Shares may later be transferred pursuant to subsection 7.7.5.  Excess Shares so held in trust shall be issued and outstanding shares of the Corporation.  The Purported Record Transferee (or Purported Accord Holder) shall have no rights in such Excess Shares except the right to designate a transferee of such Excess Shares upon the terms specified in subsection 7.7.5.  The Purported Beneficial Transferee (or Purported Beneficial Holder) shall have no rights in such Excess Shares except as provided in subsections 7.7.3 and 7.7.5.
 
7.7.2   Dividend Rights .  Excess Shares shall not be entitled to any dividends or distributions (except as provided in subsection 7.7.3).  Any dividend or distribution paid prior to the discovery by the Corporation that the Common Shares have been exchanged for Excess Shares shall be repaid to the Corporation upon demand, and any dividend or distribution declared but unpaid at the time of such discovery shall be void ab initio with respect to such Excess Shares.
 
7.7.3   Rights Upon Liquidation .  Except as provided below, in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or any other distribution of the assets, of the Corporation, each holder of Excess Shares shall be entitled to receive, ratably with (i) each other holder of such Excess Shares and (ii) each holder of Common Shares, that portion of the aggregate assets available for distribution to holders of Common Shares (including holders of Excess Shares resulting from the exchange of Common Shares pursuant to subsection 7.6.3), determined in accordance with applicable law, as the number of such Excess Shares held by such holder bears to the total number of outstanding Common Shares and outstanding Excess Shares then outstanding.  The Corporation, as holder of the Excess Shares in trust, or, if the Corporation shall have been dissolved, any trustee appointed by the Corporation prior to its dissolution, shall distribute ratably to the Beneficiaries of the Excess Shares Trust, when determined, any such assets received in respect of the Excess Shares in any liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or any distribution of the assets, of the Corporation. Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, in no event shall the amount payable to a holder with respect to Excess Shares exceed (i) the price per share such holder paid for the Common Shares in the purported Transfer, Acquisition, change in capital structure, or other transaction or event that resulted in the Excess Shares or the price per share such holder paid for the Common Shares that were exchanged for the Excess Shares or (ii) if the holder did not give full value for such Excess Shares (as through a gift, devise or other event or transaction), a price per share equal to the Market Price for the Common Shares on the date of the purported Transfer, Acquisition, change in capital structure or other transaction or event that resulted in such Excess Shares or the Market Price for the Common Shares on the date they were exchanged for the Excess Shares.  Any amount available for distribution in excess of the foregoing limitations shall be paid ratably to the holders of Common Shares and Excess Shares resulting from the exchange of Common Shares to the extent permitted by the foregoing limitations.
 
 
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7.7.4   Voting Rights .  The holders of Excess Shares shall not be entitled to vote on any matters (except as required by the MGCL).
 
7.7.5   Restrictions on Transfer; Designation of Beneficiary .
 
(a)   Excess Shares shall not be Transferable.  The Purported Record Transferee (or Purported Record Holder) may freely designate a Beneficiary of its interest in the Excess Shares Trust (representing the number of Excess Shares held by the Excess Shares Trust attributable to the purported Transfer that resulted in the Excess Shares), if (i) the Excess Shares held in the Excess Shares Trust would not be Excess Shares in the hands of such Beneficiary and (ii) the Purported Beneficial Transferee (or Purported Beneficial Holder) does not receive a price for designating such Beneficiary that reflects a price per share for such Excess Shares that exceeds (x) the price per share such Purported Beneficial Transferee (or Purported Beneficial Holder) paid for the Common Shares in the purported Transfer, Acquisition, change in capital structure, or other transaction or event that resulted in the Excess Shares or the price per share paid for the Common Shares that were exchanged for the Excess Shares or (y) if the Purported Beneficial Transferee (or Purported Beneficial Holder) did not give value for such Excess Shares (as through a gift, devise or other event or transaction), a price per share equal to the Market Price for the Common Shares on the date of the purported Transfer, Acquisition, change in capital structure, or other transaction or event that resulted in the Excess Shares or the Market Price for the Common Shares on the date they were exchanged for the Excess Shares.  Upon such Transfer of an interest in the Excess Shares Trust, the corresponding Excess Shares in the Excess Shares Trust automatically shall be exchanged for an equal number of Common Shares (depending on the type and class of shares that originally were exchanged for such Excess Shares) and such Common Shares shall be transferred of record to the Beneficiary of the interest in the Excess Shares Trust designated by the Purported Record Transferee (or Purported Record Holder) , as described above, if such Common Shares would not be Excess Shares in the hands of such Beneficiary. Prior to any Transfer of any interest in the Excess Shares Trust, the Purported Record Transferee (or Purported Record Holder) must give written notice to the Corporation of the intended Transfer and the Corporation must have waived in writing its purchase rights under paragraph F of this Section 8.4.
 
 
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(b)   Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a Purported Beneficial Transferee (or Purported Beneficial Holder) receives a price for designating a Beneficiary of an interest in the Excess Shares Trust that exceeds the amounts allowable under subsection (a)  , such Purported Beneficial Transferee (or Purported Beneficial Holder) shall pay, or cause the Beneficiary of the interest in the Excess Shares Trust to pay, such excess in full to the Corporation.
 
(c)   If any of the Transfer restrictions set forth in this subsection 7.7.5 or any application thereof is determined to be void, invalid or unenforceable by any court having jurisdiction over the issue, the Purported Record Transferee (or Purported Record Holder) may be deemed, at the option of the Corporation, to have acted as the agent of the Corporation in acquiring the Excess Shares as to which such restrictions would otherwise, by their terms, apply, and to hold such Excess Shares on behalf of the Corporation.
 
7.7.6   Purchase Right in Excess Shares .  Excess Shares shall be deemed to have been offered for sale to the Corporation or its designee at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the price per share in the transaction that created such Excess Shares (or, in the case of a devise or gift or event other than a Transfer or Acquisition which results in the issuance of Excess Shares, the Market Price at the time of such devise or gift or event other than a Transfer or Acquisition which results in the issuance of Excess Shares) or (ii) the Market Price of the Common Shares exchanged for such Excess Shares on the date the Corporation or its designee accepts such offer.  The Corporation and its assignees shall have the right to accept such offer for a period of ninety (90) days after the later of (i) the date of the purported Transfer, Acquisition, change in capital structure of the Corporation, or purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership or other event or transaction which resulted in such Excess Shares and (ii) the date on which the Board of Directors determines in good faith that a Transfer, Acquisition, change in capital structure of the Corporation, or purported change in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership or other event or transaction resulting in Excess Shares has occurred, if the Corporation does not receive a notice pursuant to subsection 7.6.5, but in no event later than a permitted Transfer pursuant to, and in compliance with, the terms of subsection 7.7.5.
 
7.7.7   Remedies Not Limited .  Nothing contained in this Article VI shall limit the scope or application of the provisions of this Section 7.7, the ability of the Corporation to implement or enforce compliance with the terms hereof or the authority of the Board of Directors to take any such other action or actions as it may deem necessary or advisable to protect the Corporation and the interests of its Shareholders by preservation of the Corporation’s status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the applicable Ownership Limits and the other restrictions set forth herein, including, without limitation, refusal to give effect to a transaction on the books of the Corporation.
 
7.8   Severability .  If any provision of this ARTICLE 7 or any application of any such provision is determined to be void, invalid or unenforceable by any court having jurisdiction over the issue, the validity and enforceability of the remainder of this ARTICLE 7 shall not be affected and other applications of such provision shall be affected only to the extent necessary to comply with the determination of such court.
 
 
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7.9   Waiver .  The Corporation shall have authority at any time to waive the requirements that Excess Shares be issued or be deemed outstanding in accordance with the provisions of this Article VIII if the Corporation determines, based on an opinion of tax counsel, that the issuance of such Excess Shares or the fact that such Excess Shares are deemed to be outstanding, would jeopardize   the status of the Corporation as a REIT (as that term is defined in subsection 7.6.1).
 
7.10   Management of Money and Property Received for Shares .  The Directors shall manage all money and property received for the issuance of shares for the benefit of the shareholders of the Corporation.
 
ARTICLE 8
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AND INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
 
8.1   Sales and Leases to REIT .  The Corporation shall not purchase property from the Sponsor, Adviser, Director, or any Affiliate thereof, unless a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in such transaction approve the transaction as being fair and reasonable to the Corporation and at a price to the Corporation no greater than the cost of the asset to such Sponsor, Advisor, Director, or any Affiliate thereof, or if the price to the Corporation is in excess of such cost, that substantial justification for such excess exists and such excess is reasonable.  In no event shall the cost of such asset to the Corporation exceed its current appraised value.
 
8.2   Sales and Leases to Sponsor, Advisor, Directors, or any Affiliate.
 
8.2.1   A Sponsor, Advisor, Director, or any Affiliate thereof shall not acquire assets from the Corporation unless approved by a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors), not otherwise interested in such transaction, as being fair and reasonable to the Corporation.
 
8.2.2   The Corporation may lease assets to a Sponsor, Advisor, Director, or any Affiliate thereof only if approved by a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors), not otherwise interested in such transaction, as being fair and reasonable to the Corporation.
 
8.3   Loans.
 
8.3.1   No loans may be made by the Corporation to the Sponsor, Advisor, Director, or any Affiliate thereof except to wholly owned subsidiaries of the Corporation.
 
8.3.2   The Corporation may not borrow money from the Sponsor, Advisor, Director, or any Affiliate thereof, unless a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in such transaction approve the transaction as being fair, competitive, and commercially reasonable and no less favorable to the Corporation than loans between unaffiliated parties under the same circumstances.
 
 
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8.4   Investments.
 
8.4.1   The Corporation shall not invest in joint ventures with the Sponsor, Advisor, Director, or any Affiliate thereof, unless a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in such transactions, approve the transaction as being fair and reasonable to the Corporation and on substantially the same terms and conditions as those received by the other joint venturers.
 
8.4.2   The Corporation shall not invest in equity securities unless a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in such transaction approve the transaction as being fair, competitive, and commercially reasonable.
 
8.5   Statement of Objectives .  The Independent Directors shall review the investment policies of the Corporation with sufficient frequency and no less often than annually to determine that the policies being followed by the Corporation at any time are in the best interests of its Shareholders.  Each such determination and the basis therefor shall be set forth in the minutes of the Board of Directors.
 
8.6   Multiple Programs .  The method for the allocation of the acquisition of properties by two or more programs of the same Sponsor or Advisor seeking to acquire similar types of assets shall be reasonable.  It shall be the duty of the Directors (including the Independent Directors) to insure such method is applied fairly to the Corporation.
 
8.7   Other Transactions .  All other transactions between the Corporation and the Sponsor, Advisor, Director, or any Affiliate thereof, shall require approval by a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in such transactions as being fair and reasonable to the Corporation and on terms and conditions not less favorable to the Corporation than those available from unaffiliated third parties.
 
8.8   Appraisal of Real Property .  The consideration paid for real property acquired by the Corporation shall ordinarily be based on the fair market value of the property as determined by a majority of the Directors.  In cases in which a majority of the Independent Directors so determine, and in all cases in which assets are acquired from the Advisors, Directors, Sponsors or Affiliates thereof, such fair market value shall be as determined by an Independent Expert selected by the Independent Directors.
 
8.9   Roll-Up Transaction .
 
8.9.1   In connection with a proposed roll-up, an appraisal of all Corporation assets shall be obtained from a competent, Independent Expert.  If the appraisal will be included in a prospectus used to offer the securities of a roll-up entity, the appraisal shall be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any applicable state securities commissioner as an exhibit to the registration statement for the offering.  Accordingly, an issuer using the appraisal shall be subject to liability for violation of the Securities Act of 1933, §11, and comparable provisions under state law for any material misrepresentations or material omissions in the appraisal.  Corporation assets shall be appraised on a consistent basis.  The appraisal shall be based on an evaluation of all relevant information, and shall indicate the value of the Corporation's assets as of a date immediately prior to the announcement of the proposed roll-up transaction.  The appraisal shall assume an orderly liquidation of Corporation assets over a 12-month period.  The terms of the engagement of the Independent Expert shall clearly state that the engagement is for the benefit of the Corporation and its investors.  A summary of the independent appraisal, indicating all material assumptions underlying the appraisal, shall be included in a report to the investors in connection with a proposed roll-up.
 
 
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8.9.2   In connection with a proposed roll-up, the person sponsoring the roll-up shall offer to Shareholders who vote "no" on the proposal the choice of:
 
(a) accepting the securities of the roll-up entity offered in the proposed roll-up; or
 
(b) one of the following:
 
(1)   remaining as Shareholders of the Corporation and preserving their interests therein on the same terms and conditions as existed previously; or
 
(2)   receiving cash in an amount equal to the Shareholders' pro-rata share of the appraised value of the Net Assets of the Corporation.
 
8.9.3   The Corporation shall not participate in any proposed roll-up that would result in Shareholders having democracy rights in the roll-up entity that are less than those provided for under the NASAA REIT Guidelines.
 
8.9.4   The Corporation shall not participate in any proposed roll-up which includes provisions that would operate to materially impede or frustrate the accumulation of shares by any purchaser of the securities of the roll-up entity (except to the minimum extent necessary to preserve the tax status of the roll-up entity).  The Corporation shall not participate in any proposed roll-up which would limit the ability of an investor to exercise the voting rights of its securities of the roll-up entity on the basis of the number of REIT shares held by that investor.
 
8.9.5   The Corporation shall not participate in any proposed roll-up in which investors' rights of access to the records of the roll-up entity will be less than those provided for under NASAA REIT Guidelines.
 
8.9.6   The Corporation shall not participate in any proposed roll-up in which any of the costs of the transaction would be borne by the Corporation if the roll-up is not approved by the Shareholders.
 
8.10   Leverage .  The aggregate borrowings of the Corporation, if any, secured and unsecured, shall be reasonable in relation to the Net Assets of the Corporation and shall be reviewed by the Directors at least quarterly.  The maximum amount of such borrowings in relation to the Net Assets shall, in the absence of a satisfactory showing that higher level of borrowing is appropriate, not exceed 50%.  Any excess in borrowing over such 50% level shall be approved by a majority of the Independent Directors and disclosed to the Shareholders in the next quarterly report of the Corporation, along with justification for such excess.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, calculations made pursuant to this Section shall not include any borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility (or similar agreement) entered into between the Corporation and the Sponsor relating to the initial acquisition of properties (the “Revolving Credit Facility”).
 
 
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8.11   Restrictions .  The Corporation will not engage in any of the following investment practices or activities:
 
8.11.1   Invest in commodities or commodity future contracts;
 
8.11.2   Invest more than 10% of its total assets in unimproved real property or indebtedness secured by a deed of trust or mortgage loans on unimproved real property;
 
8.11.3   Invest in indebtedness (“junior debt”) secured by a mortgage on real property which is subordinate to the lien of other indebtedness (“senior debt”), except where the amount of such junior debt, plus the outstanding amount of the senior debt, does not exceed 90% of the appraised value of such property, if after giving effect thereto, the value of all such investments of the Corporation (as shown on the books of the Corporation in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles after all reasonable reserves but before provision for depreciation) would not then exceed 25% of Corporation tangible assets. The value of all investments in junior debt of the Corporation which does not meet the aforementioned requirements would be limited to 10% of the Corporation's tangible assets (which would be included within the 25% limitation);
 
8.11.4   Invest in contracts for the sale of real estate;
 
8.11.5   Engage in any short sale, or borrow, on an unsecured basis unless the historical debt service coverage (in the most recently completed fiscal year) as adjusted for known changes is sufficient to properly service that higher level of debt;
 
8.11.6   Engage in trading, as compared with investment activities;
 
8.11.7   Acquire securities in any Corporation holding investments or engaging in activities prohibited by this section; or
 
8.11.8   Engage in underwriting or the agency distribution of securities issued by others.
 
ARTICLE 9
AMENDMENTS
 
9.1   The Corporation reserves the right from time to time to make any amendment to this Charter, now or hereafter authorized by law, including any amendment altering the terms or contract rights, as expressly set forth in this Charter, of any shares of outstanding stock.  All rights and powers conferred by this Charter on stockholders, directors and officers are granted subject to this reservation.  Except as otherwise provided in this Charter and except for those amendments permitted to be made without stockholder approval under Maryland law or by specific provision in this Charter, any amendment to this Charter shall be valid only if declared advisable by the Board of Directors and approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.  However, any amendment to Section 5.8 , Article VI or this section of this Charter shall be valid only if declared advisable by the Board of Directors and approved by the affirmative vote of the stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
 
 
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc., Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation
Page 29
 
 

 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have signed these Articles of Incorporation and acknowledge the same to be my act on this ____ day of June, 2015.
 
                                                                      
Lee Polson, Incorporator

 
 
 
 
 
 
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc., Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation
Page 30
 
 

 
 
The undersigned hereby consents to its designation in these Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation as the resident agent for this corporation.
 

 
Capitol Corporate Services, Inc.



By:                                                                 
Name:                                                            
Title:                                                              

 
 
 
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc., Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation
Page 31
 
 

 
Exhibit 3.2
 
 
 
 
 
BYLAWS

OF

RICH UNCLES REIT, INC.


July 8, 2015
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS


ARTICLE I — OFFICES AND RECORDS
1
 
Section 1.1 - Principal Office
1
 
Section 1.2 - Additional Offices
1
 
Section 1.3 - Books and Records
1
     
ARTICLE II — SHAREHOLDERS
1
 
Section 2.1 - Annual Meeting
1
 
Section 2.2 - Special Meetings
1
 
Section 2.3 - Place of Meeting
2
 
Section 2.4 - Notice of Meeting
2
 
Section 2.5 - Meeting Without Notice; Waiver of Notice
2
 
Section 2.6 - Quorum
2
 
Section 2.7 - Adjournment
2
 
Section 2.8 – Proxies
3
 
Section 2.9 - Notice of Shareholder Business and Nominations
3
 
Section 2.10 - Procedure for Election of Directors
4
 
Section 2.11 - Vote of Shareholders
5
 
Section 2.12 - Opening and Closing the Polls
5
 
Section 2.13 - Inspectors
5
 
Section 2.14 - Action by Shareholder Consent
5
     
ARTICLE III — BOARD OF DIRECTORS
5
 
Section 3.1 - General Powers
5
 
Section 3.2 - Number, Tenure and Qualifications
6
 
Section 3.3 - Composition of the Board of Directors
6
 
Section 3.4 - Regular Meetings
6
 
Section 3.5 - Special Meetings
6
 
Section 3.6 - Notice
6
 
Section 3.7 - Quorum
7
 
Section 3.8 - Participation by Conference Telephone
7
 
Section 3.9 - Presumption of Assent
7
 
Section 3.10 - Adjournments
7
 
Section 3.11 - Action by Board Consent
8
 
Section 3.12 - Vacancies
8
 
Section 3.13 - Removal
8
 
Section 3.14 – Committees
8
     
ARTICLE IV — OFFICERS
9
 
Section 4.1 - Categories of Officers
9
 
Section 4.2 - Election and Term of Office
9
 
Section 4.3 - Chief Executive Officer
9
 
Section 4.4 - President
10
 
Section 4.5 - Vice Presidents
10
 
 
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Section 4.6 - Secretary
10
 
Section 4.7 - Treasurer
10
 
Section 4.8 - Removal
11
 
Section 4.9 - Salaries
11
 
Section 4.10 - Vacancies
11
 
Section 4.11 – Resignations
11
     
ARTICLE V — SHARE CERTIFICATES AND TRANSFERS
11
 
Section 5.1 - Share Certificates
11
 
Section 5.2 - Record Date and Closing of Transfer Books
12
 
Section 5.3 - Registered Shareholders
12
 
Section 5.4 - Lost Certificates
12
     
ARTICLE VI — MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
13
 
Section 6.1 - Fiscal Year
13
 
Section 6.2 - Dividends
13
 
Section 6.3 - Seal
13
 
Section 6.4 - Execution of Written Instruments
13
 
Section 6.5 - Signing of Checks and Notes
13
 
Section 6.6 - Indemnification and Insurance
13
     
ARTICLE VII — AMENDMENT
17
 
 
 
ii

 
 
BYLAWS

OF

RICH UNCLES REIT, INC.
Organized under the Laws of the State of Maryland

ARTICLE I
OFFICES AND RECORDS

Section 1.1  Principal Offices .   The address of the principal office of the Corporation in the State of Maryland is c/o Capitol Corporate Services, Inc., 3206 Tower Oaks Blvd., 4th Floor, Rockville, Maryland 20852.The address of the principal office of the Company is 3080 Bristol Street, Suite 550, Costa Mesa, California 92626.

Section 1.2  Additional Offices .   The Company may have such other offices, either within or without the State of Maryland, as the Board of Directors from time to time may designate or as the business of the Company from time to time may require.

Section 1.3  Books and Records .   The books and records of the Company may be kept, either within or without the State of Maryland, at such place or places as the Board of Directors from time to time may designate; provided , however , that a record of the Company’s shareholders, giving the names, addresses and telephone numbers of all shareholders alphabetically and the number of shares held by each (the “Shareholders List”), shall be kept at the Company’s principal office and shall be available for inspection by any shareholder or the shareholder's designated agent at such office upon the request of the shareholder.  The Shareholders List shall be updated at least quarterly to reflect changes in the information contained therein.


ARTICLE II
SHAREHOLDERS

Section 2.1  Annual Meeting . An annual meeting of the shareholders of the Company shall be held each year on such date and at such time as may be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors provided, however, such meeting shall be not be held less than thirty (30) days following delivery of the annual report.  The Board of Directors, including the Independent Directors, shall take reasonable steps to insure that this requirement is met timely.  In the event that the Board of Directors fails to call the annual meeting, any shareholder of the Company may make demand that such meeting be held within a reasonable time, such demand to be made in writing by registered mail to any officer or director of the Company.  If the annual meeting is not called within sixty (60) days following such demand, any shareholder may compel the holding of the annual meeting.  The Chairman of the Board shall preside at the annual meeting of shareholders.  The Vice Chairman of the Board shall, in the absence of the Chairman, preside at the annual meeting of shareholders.
 
 
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Section 2.2  Special Meetings .   Special meetings of the shareholders may be called only by the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution  adopted by a majority of the total number of Directors constituting the whole Board of Directors (the “Whole Board”) or by a majority of the total number of Independent Directors, or by written request to the Secretary by the holders of not less than 10 percent of all of the shares then outstanding and entitled to vote at such meeting (the “Voting Shares”).

Section 2.3  Place of Meeting .   Meetings shall be held at the principal office of the Company or at such other place, within or without the State of Maryland, as the Board of Directors from time to time by resolution may designate.

Section 2.4  Notice of Meeting .   Written or printed notice, stating the place, day and hour of the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be prepared and delivered by the Company, not less than fifteen (15) days nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting, personally or by mail, to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting and to each other shareholder or other person, if any, entitled to notice of the meeting.  If delivered personally, such notice shall be deemed given when delivered to the shareholder.  If delivered by mail, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail with postage thereon prepaid, addressed to the shareholder at his or her address as it appears on the share transfer books of the Company.  Meetings may be held without notice if all shareholders entitled to vote are present, or if notice is waived by those not present in accordance with Section 2.5 of these Bylaws.  Any previously scheduled meeting of the shareholders may be postponed by resolution of the Board of Directors upon public notice given prior to the date scheduled for such meeting.

Section 2.5  Meeting Without Notice; Waiver of Notice .   Either before or after a shareholders’ meeting, a shareholder may waive notice thereof by executing a waiver of notice to be filed with the Company’s records of shareholder meetings.  Any such written waiver shall be deemed to be the equivalent of notice pursuant to Section 2.4 hereof. Attendance at a shareholders’ meeting, either in person or by proxy, by a person entitled to notice thereof, shall constitute a waiver of notice of the meeting unless such person attends for the sole and express purpose of objecting to the transaction of business on the ground that the meeting was not lawfully called or convened.

Section 2.6  Quorum .   Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended, and as the same may be amended or restated from time to time (the “Articles of Incorporation”), the holders of a majority of the Voting Shares, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of shareholders, except that when specified business is to be voted on by a class or series voting as a class, the holders of a majority of the shares of such class or series shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of such business.
 
 
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Section 2.7  Adjournment .   A meeting of shareholders convened on the date for which it was called may be adjourned prior to the completion of business thereat to a date not more than one hundred twenty (120) days after the record date of the original meeting.  If a quorum is not present or represented at a meeting of shareholders, the shareholders may adjourn the meeting to such other time and place as the holders of a majority of the Voting Shares, represented in person or by proxy, shall determine.  Notice of a subsequent meeting held as a result of an adjournment, other than by announcement at the meeting at which the adjournment was taken, shall not be necessary.  If a quorum is present or represented at such subsequent meeting, any business may be transacted thereat which could have been transacted at the meeting which was adjourned.

Section 2.8  Proxies .   At all meetings of shareholders, a shareholder entitled to vote may vote in person or by proxy executed in writing by the shareholder or by his duly authorized attorney-in-fact.  A proxy shall not be valid after eleven (11) months from the date of its execution unless a longer period is expressly stated therein.  A proxy shall be revocable unless the proxy form states conspicuously that the proxy is irrevocable and the proxy is coupled with an interest.  Each proxy must be filed with the Secretary of the Company or his representative at or before the time of the meeting to which it relates.

Section 2.9  Notice of Shareholder Business and Nominations .

A.           Annual Meeting of Shareholders

(1)           Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the Company and the proposal of business to be considered by the shareholders may be made at an annual meeting of shareholders (i) pursuant to the Company’s notice of meeting delivered pursuant to Section 2.4 of these Bylaws; (ii) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors; or (iii) by any shareholder of the Company who is entitled to vote at the meeting, who has complied with the notice procedures set forth in clause (2) of this Paragraph A and who was a shareholder of record at the time such notice is delivered to the Secretary of the Company.

(2)           For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder pursuant to clause (iii) of Paragraph A(1) of this Section 2.9, the shareholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Company.  To be timely, a shareholder’s notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal office of the Company not less than seventy (70) days nor more than ninety (90) days prior to the anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided , however , that in the event that the date of an annual meeting is advanced by more than thirty (30) days or delayed by more than sixty (60) days from such anniversary date, then, to be timely, notice by the shareholder must be so delivered not earlier than the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the seventieth (70th) day prior to such annual meeting.  Such shareholder’s notice shall set forth (i) as to each person whom the shareholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a Director, all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of Directors, including such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a Director if elected; (ii) as to any other business that the shareholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of such shareholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made; and (iii) as to the shareholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made (a) the name and address of such shareholder, as they appear on the Company’s share transfer books, and the name and address of such beneficial owner; (b) the class or series and number of shares of beneficial interest of the Company which are owned beneficially and of record by such shareholder and such beneficial owner; and (c) the date or dates upon which the shareholder acquired ownership of such shares.
 
 
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B.             Special Meetings of Shareholders .   Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of shareholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Company’s notice of meeting pursuant to Section 2.4 of these Bylaws.  Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of shareholders at which Directors are to be elected pursuant to the Company’s notice of meeting (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) by any shareholder of the Company who is entitled to vote at the meeting, who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.9 and who is a shareholder of record at the time such notice is delivered to the Secretary of the Company.  Nominations by shareholders of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at such special meeting of shareholders if the shareholder’s notice as required by Paragraph A(2) of this Section 2.9 shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal office of the Company not earlier than the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the seventieth (70th) day prior to such special meeting.

C.             General .   Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.9 shall be eligible to serve as Directors, and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of shareholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section.  Except as otherwise provided by law, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or brought in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.9 and, if any proposed nomination or business is determined not to be in compliance herewith, to declare that such defective nomination or proposal shall be disregarded.

Section 2.10  Procedure for Election of Directors .   Each shareholder having the right to vote for the election of Directors shall, unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation or by applicable law, have the right to vote, in person or by proxy, the number of shares owned by such shareholder for as many persons as there are to be elected and for whose election such shareholder has the right to vote.  Unless otherwise provided by the Articles of Incorporation, no shareholder shall have the right or be permitted to cumulate his or her votes on any basis.  Election of Directors at all meetings of the shareholders at which Directors are to be elected may be viva voce , unless the chairman of the meeting shall order, or any shareholder shall demand, that voting be by written ballot.  Voting on any other question or election may be viva voce , unless the chairman of the meeting shall order, or any shareholder shall demand, that voting be by written ballot.
 
 
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Section 2.11  Vote of Shareholders .   Each shareholder having the right to vote shall be entitled at every meeting of shareholders to one (1) vote for every share standing in his or her name on the record date fixed by the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 5.2 of these Bylaws.  Except as otherwise provided by law, the Articles of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, any resolution adopted by the Board of Directors, or any resolution adopted by a majority of the Whole Board, each matter submitted to the shareholders at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be decided by a majority of the shares entitled to vote on, and voted for or against, the matter.

Section 2.12  Opening and Closing the Polls .   The chairman of the meeting shall fix, and announce at the meeting, the date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the shareholders are to vote at the meeting.

Section 2.13  Action by Shareholder Consent .   Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of shareholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice, and without a vote if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holder or holders of shares having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to take such action at a meeting at which the holders of all shares entitled to vote on the action were present and voted.  Prompt notice of the taking of any action by shareholders without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those shareholders who did not consent in writing to the action.  Every written consent shall bear the date of signature of each shareholder who signs the consent.

Section 2.14  Distributions to Shareholders .

A.             Distributions.   The Board of Directors shall determine the amount and timing of distributions to shareholders and may declare the amount of any distributions and record date of such distributions in the Board’s sole discretion..  All distributions to holders the Company’s common stock shall be made pro rata according to the number of outstanding shares held by each shareholder.  Shares of stock held in the treasury of the Company shall not participate in distributions to shareholders.

B.             Distributions in Kind.   Distributions in kind shall not be permitted, except for (1) distributions of readily marketable securities, (2) distributions of beneficial interests in a liquidating trust established for the dissolution of the Company in accordance with its articles of incorporation, or (3)  distributions of in-kind property where the Board of Directors (x) advises each stockholder of the risks associated with the direct ownership of the property, (y) offer each stockholder the option of receiving in-kind property and (z) distribute in-kind property only to those stockholders who accept the Board of Directors’ offer.

ARTICLE III
BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Section 3.1  General Powers .   The business and affairs of the Company shall be managed by, or under the direction of, its Board of Directors.  In addition to the powers and authorities expressly conferred by these Bylaws, the Board of Directors may exercise all such powers of the Company and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by law or by the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws required to be exercised or done by the shareholders.
 
 
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Section 3.2  Number, Tenure and Qualifications .   The number of Directors shall be fixed from time to time pursuant to a resolution  adopted by a majority of the Whole Board, but shall consist of not more than seven (7) nor less than three (3) Directors who need not be residents of the State of Maryland and need not hold shares in the Company.

Section 3.3  Composition of the Board of Directors .   Except during a period of vacancy or vacancies on the Board of Directors, a majority of the Directors at all times shall be persons who are Independent Directors (as that term is defined in Section 3.14).  The Chairman of the Board and the Vice Chairman of the Board shall be chosen from among the Directors.

Section 3.4  Regular Meetings .   A regular meeting of the Board of Directors to elect officers and consider other business shall be held without notice other than this Section 3.4 immediately after, and at the same place as, each annual meeting of shareholders.  The Board of Directors may, by resolution, designate the time and place for additional regular meetings without notice other than such resolution.  The Chairman of the Board shall preside at regular meetings of the Board of Directors. The Vice Chairman of the Board shall, in the absence of the Chairman, preside at regular meetings of the Board of Directors.

Section 3.5  Special Meetings .   Special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be called at the request of the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a majority of the Whole Board.  The person or persons authorized to call special meetings of the Board of Directors may fix the place and time of the meeting.  The Chairman of the Board shall preside at special meetings of the Board of Directors.  The Vice Chairman of the Board shall, in the absence of the Chairman, preside at special meetings of the Board of Directors.

Section 3.6  Notice .   Notice of any special meeting shall be given to each Director at his business or residence as recorded in the books and records of the Company or at such other address as such Director may designate in writing to the Secretary of the Company by mail, by telegram or express courier, charges prepaid, by facsimile, electronic mail or telephonic communication.  If mailed, such notice shall be deemed adequately delivered if deposited in the United States mail so addressed, with postage thereon prepaid, at least five (5) days before the day of such meeting.  If by telegram, such notice shall be deemed adequately delivered if the telegram is delivered to the telegraph company at least twenty-four (24) hours before the time set for such meeting.  If by express courier, the notice shall be deemed adequately given if delivered to the courier company at least two (2) days before the day of such meeting, marked for delivery by no later than the morning of the following day.  If by telephone, electronic mail or facsimile, the notice shall be deemed adequately delivered if given at least twelve (12) hours prior to the time set for such meeting.  Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors need be specified in the notice of such meeting, except for amendments to these Bylaws as provided under ARTICLE VII hereof.  A meeting may be held at any time without notice if all the Directors are present or if those not present waive notice of the meeting in writing, either before or after such meeting.  Attendance of a Director at a meeting shall constitute waiver of notice of that meeting unless he or she attends for the sole and express purpose of objecting to the transaction of business on the ground that the meeting was not lawfully called or convened.
 
 
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Section 3.7  Quorum .   At least a majority of the Whole Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.  Anything else herein to the contrary notwithstanding, if at any meeting of the Board of Directors there shall be less than a quorum present, a majority of the Directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice. Except as may otherwise be provided by the Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws or applicable law, the act of the majority of the Directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors.  The Directors present at a duly organized meeting may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal or departure of enough Directors to leave less than a quorum.

Section 3.8  Participation By Conference Telephone .   Members of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, may participate in a meeting of such Board or committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 3.8 shall constitute presence in person at such meeting, except where a person participates in the meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

Section 3.9  Presumption of Assent .   A Director of the Company who is present at a meeting of the Directors at which action on any company matter is taken shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken unless his or her dissent shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting or unless he or she shall file a written dissent to such action with the person acting as the secretary of the meeting before the adjournment thereof.

Section 3.10  Adjournments .   Any meeting of the Board of Directors may be adjourned prior to the completion of business thereat.  Notice of the subsequent meeting held as a result of an adjournment, other than by announcement at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken, shall not be necessary.  If a quorum is present at such subsequent meeting, any business may be transacted thereat which could have been transacted at the meeting which was adjourned.  Attendance of a Director at a meeting shall constitute waiver of notice of that meeting unless he or she attends for the sole and express purpose of objecting to the transaction of business on the ground that the meeting was not lawfully called or convened.

Section 3.11  Action by Board Consent .   If all of the Directors or all of the members of a committee of the Board of Directors consent in writing to any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the Board of Directors or the committee, as applicable, and the writing or writings evidencing such consent is or are filed by the Secretary of the Company with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or such committee, the action shall be as valid as though it had been taken at a meeting of the Board or committee.

Section 3.12  Vacancies .   Except as otherwise provided in this Section 3.12, unless the Board of Directors otherwise determines, vacancies resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, or other cause relating to a then-existing Board position shall be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining Directors, though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors, and newly created Director positions resulting from an increase in the authorized number of Directors shall be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Whole Board and, in either event, Directors so chosen shall hold office for a term expiring at the annual meeting of shareholders at which the term of office of the class to which they have been elected expires and until such Director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified.  No decrease in the number of authorized Directors constituting the Whole Board shall shorten the term of any incumbent Director.  Vacancies on the Board of Directors due to the removal of a Director also may be filled by the shareholders at an annual or special meeting called for that purpose, and Directors so chosen shall hold office for a term expiring at the annual meeting of shareholders at which the term of office of the class to which they have been elected expires and until each such Director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified.  The appointment or election of a successor Director shall be considered an amendment to the Articles of Incorporation.
 
 
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Section 3.13  Removal .  A ny Director, or the entire Board of Directors, may be removed from office at any time by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding Common (voting) Shares, voting together as a single class.

Section 3.14  Committees . The Board of Directors, by resolution or resolutions passed by a majority of the Whole Board, may designate from among the members of the Directors one or more committees which, to the extent provided in such resolution or resolutions, shall have and may exercise all of the authority of the Board of Directors in the business and affairs of the Company to the extent consistent with the laws of the State of Maryland and as may be delegated to them by the Board of Directors.

Section 3.15  Independent Directors .   For purposes of these Bylaws, a Director shall be considered an ”Independent Director” if such Director satisfies such standards of independence as are or may be established by the laws of the State of Maryland and as may be set forth in the Articles of Incorporation.  A Director will be considered to be independent only if the Board of Directors has concluded, upon inquiry, that the Director has no material relationship with the Company (either directly or as a partner, shareholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the Company or its subsidiaries) and is independent under relevant standards adopted by the laws of the State of Maryland.  The Board of Directors may designate one or more Directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of such committee.  Unless the Board of Directors shall provide otherwise, the presence of one-half (1/2) of the total membership of any committee of the Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of such committee and the act of a majority of those present shall be the act of such committee.  Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its proceedings and report the same to the full Board of Directors when so requested.
 
 
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ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS

Section 4.1  Categories of Officers .   The officers of the Company shall consist of a Chief Executive Officer, a President, one or more Managing Directors, Executive Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents or Vice Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer.  Any reference in these Bylaws to a “Vice President” shall include any Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President, and any reference in these Bylaws to an “Executive Vice President” shall include any Managing Director.  Such officers, assistant officers, agents and employees as the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Executive Vice President or Managing Director may from time to time deem necessary may be elected by the Board of Directors or appointed by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Managing Director or Executive Vice President, except that no officer may appoint an officer that holds a position that is senior to such person’s own position.  Two or more offices may be held by the same person, except that a person may not concurrently serve as the President and a Managing Director, Vice President, Senior Vice President or Executive Vice President.  Each officer chosen or appointed in the manner prescribed in these Bylaws shall have such powers and duties as generally pertain to his or her office or offices, subject to the specific provisions of this ARTICLE IV.  Such officers also shall have such powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred by the Board of Directors or by any committee thereof authorized to do so.

Section 4.2  Election and Term of Office .   The officers of the Company at or above the level of Vice President, whether previously elected or appointed, shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors at the regular meeting of the Board of Directors held after each annual meeting of the shareholders.  If the election of officers shall not be held at such meeting, such election shall be held as soon thereafter as is convenient.  Each officer shall hold office until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and shall have qualified, or until his or her death or until he or she shall resign or be removed from office.

Section 4.3  Chief Executive Officer .   The Chief Executive Officer shall act in a general executive capacity and shall be responsible for the administration and operation of the Company’s business and general supervision of its policies and affairs and shall have such powers and perform such other duties as the Board of Directors from time to time may prescribe.  The Chief Executive Officer may, in the absence of or because of the inability to act of the Chairman of the Board and the Vice Chairman of the Board, preside at all meetings of shareholders and of the Board of Directors.  The Chief Executive Officer may sign, alone or with the Secretary or any assistant secretary or any other officer of the Company properly authorized by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer, certificates, contracts and other instruments of the Company.

Section 4.4  President .   The President shall be the chief operating officer of the Company, shall act in a general executive capacity and shall assist the Chief Executive Officer in the administration and operation of the Company’s business and general supervision of its policies and affairs and shall have such powers and perform such other duties as the Board of Directors from time to time may prescribe.  The President may, in the absence of or because of the inability to act of the Chief Executive Officer, perform all duties of the Chief Executive Officer and, in the absence of or because of the inability to act of the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer, preside at all meetings of shareholders and of the Board of Directors.  The President may sign, alone or with the Secretary or any assistant secretary or any other officer of the Company properly authorized by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer, certificates, contracts and other instruments of the Company as authorized by the Chief Executive Officer.
 
 
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Section 4.5  Vice Presidents .   The Vice President or Vice Presidents, if any, including any Executive Vice Presidents and Senior Vice Presidents, shall perform the duties of the Chief Executive Officer and the President in the absence or disability of both the Chief Executive Officer and the President, and shall have such powers and perform such other duties as the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President from time to time may prescribe.

Section 4.6  Secretary .   The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of shareholders and Directors and all other notices required by law, by the Articles of Incorporation or by these Bylaws, and in case of his or her absence or refusal or neglect so to do, any such notice may be given by any person thereunto directed by the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Board of Directors, upon whose request the meeting is called, as provided in these Bylaws.  The Secretary shall record all the proceedings of the meetings of the Board of Directors, any committees thereof and the shareholders of the Company in a book or books to be kept for that purpose, and shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President.  The Secretary shall have custody of the seal, if any, of the Company and shall affix the same to all instruments requiring it, when authorized by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Executive Vice President, and shall attest to the same.

Section 4.7  Treasurer .   The Treasurer shall have custody of all Company funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate account of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Company.  The Treasurer shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Company in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors.  The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Company in such manner as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Executive Vice President, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements.  The Treasurer shall render to the Chief Executive Officer, the President and the Board of Directors, whenever requested, an account of all his or her transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Company. If required by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall give the Company a bond for the faithful discharge of his or her other duties in such amount and with such surety as the Board of Directors shall prescribe.  The Treasurer also shall perform such duties and have such powers as the Board of Directors from time to time may prescribe.

Section 4.8  Removal .   Any officer elected by the Board of Directors or appointed in the manner prescribed hereby may be removed by a majority of the members of the Whole Board whenever, in their judgment, the best interests of the Company would be served thereby.  No elected or appointed officer shall have any contractual rights against the Company for compensation by virtue of such election or appointment beyond the date of the election or appointment of his or her successor, his or her death, resignation or removal, whichever event shall first occur, except as otherwise provided in an employment or similar contract or under an employee deferred compensation plan.
 
 
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Section 4.9  Salaries .   The Board of Directors shall fix the salaries of the Chief Executive Officer and the President of the Company, or may delegate the authority to do so to a duly constituted Executive Compensation Committee.  The salaries of other officers, agents and employees of the Company may be fixed by the Board of Directors, by a committee of the Board or by another officer or committee to whom that function has been delegated by the Board of Directors.

Section 4.10  Vacancies .   Any newly created office or vacancy in any office because of death, resignation or removal shall be filled by the Board of Directors or, in the case of an office not specifically provided for in Section 4.1 hereof, by or in the manner prescribed by the Board of Directors.  The officer so selected shall hold office until his or her successor is duly selected and shall have qualified, unless he or she sooner resigns or is removed from office in the manner provided in these Bylaws.

Section 4.11  Resignations .   Any Director or officer, whether elected or appointed, may resign at any time by serving written notice of such resignation on the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary, and such resignation shall be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the date said notice is received by the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary. No action shall be required of the Board of Directors or the shareholders to make any such resignation effective.

ARTICLE V
SHARE CERTIFICATES AND TRANSFERS

Section 5.1  Share Certificates .   Each shareholder shall be entitled to a certificate or certificates, in a form approved by the Board of Directors and consistent with the laws of the State of Maryland, which shall represent and certify the number, kind and class of shares owned by him or her in the Company.  Each certificate shall be signed by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President, and by the Secretary or the Treasurer (or an assistant secretary or assistant treasurer, if any) and, pursuant to resolution s of the Board of Directors; any such signature may be in facsimile.  In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed, or whose facsimile signature has been placed on, a certificate has ceased to hold such office before the certificate is issued, it nevertheless may be issued by the Company with the same effect as if he or she held such office at the date of issue.

Section 5.2  Record Date and Closing of Transfer Books .   The Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a date as the record date for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to notice of, or to vote at, any meeting of shareholders, or shareholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or distribution or the allotment of any rights, or the shareholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or in order to make a determination of shareholders for any other proper purpose.  Such record date shall not be prior to the close of business on the day such date is fixed and shall not be more than sixty (60) days, and in case of a meeting of shareholders, not less than fifteen (15) days, prior to the date on which the particular action requiring such determination of shareholders is to be taken.  For the purpose of determining such shareholders, the Directors may provide that the stock transfer books of the Company be closed for a stated period not to exceed sixty (60) days. If the stock transfer books are closed for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders, the stock transfer books shall be closed for at least fifteen (15) days immediately before the meeting.  If no record date is fixed and the Company’s stock transfer books are not closed, the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of, or to vote at, a meeting of shareholders shall be at the close of the business on the day on which notice of the meeting is mailed.  If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining shareholders for any purpose other than that specified in the preceding sentence shall be at the close of business on the day on which the resolution of the Board of Directors relating thereto is adopted.  When a determination of shareholders of record entitled to vote at any meeting of shareholders has been made as provided in this Section 5.2, such determination shall apply to any future meeting in respect of an adjournment thereof, except where the determination has been made through the closing of the stock transfer books and the stated period of closing has expired, or except where the Directors fix a new record date under this section for such future meeting.
 
 
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Section 5.3  Registered Shareholders .   The Company shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of shares as the holder in fact and, except as otherwise provided by the laws of the State of Maryland, shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in the shares.  Shares of the Company shall be transferred on its books only upon the surrender to the Company of the share certificates duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, and upon presentation of adequate evidence of the validity of the transfer under this Section 5.3 and the laws of the State of Maryland.  In that event, the surrendered certificates shall be canceled, new certificates issued to the person entitled to them and the transaction recorded on the books of the Company.

Section 5.4  Lost Certificates .   The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate to be issued in place of a certificate alleged to have been destroyed or lost if the owner makes an affidavit that it is destroyed or lost.  The Board, in its discretion, may, as a condition precedent to issuing the new certificate, require the owner to give the Company a bond as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Company on the certificate allegedly destroyed or lost.

ARTICLE VI
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Section 6.1  Fiscal Year .   The fiscal year of the Company shall begin on the first (1st) day of January and end on the thirty-first (31st) day of December of each year.

Section 6.2  Dividends .   The Board of Directors may from time to time declare, and the Company may pay, dividends on its outstanding shares in the manner and upon the terms and conditions provided by law and the Articles of Incorporation.

Section 6.3  Seal .   The seal of the Company, if any, shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Company and shall be in such form as may be approved by the Board of Directors.  The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed, affixed or otherwise reproduced.
 
 
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Section 6.4  Execution of Written Instruments .   Contracts, deeds, documents, and other instruments shall be executed by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President and attested by the Secretary or an assistant secretary, unless the Board of Directors or any of the officers listed above shall designate other authorized signatories or other procedures for their execution.

Section 6.5  Signing of Checks and Notes .   Checks, notes, drafts, and demands for money shall be signed by such person or persons as may be designated by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President.

Section 6.6  Indemnification and Insurance .

A.   Definitions.   In this Section 6.6:

(1)            “Company” includes any domestic or foreign predecessor of the Company in a merger, consolidation, or other transaction in which the liabilities of the predecessor are transferred to the Company by operation of law and in any other transaction in which the Company assumes the liabilities of the predecessor but does not specifically exclude liabilities that are the subject of this Section 6.6.

(2)            “Indemnitee” means (i) any present or former Director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, (ii) any person who while serving in any of the capacities referred to in clause (i) hereof served at the Company’s request as a director, officer, partner, venturer, proprietor, trustee, employee, agent or similar functionary of another real estate investment trust or foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, joint venture, sole proprietorship, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, and (iii) any person nominated or designated by (or pursuant to authority granted by) the Directors or any committee thereof to serve in any of the capacities referred to in clause (i) or (ii) hereof.

(3)            “Official Capacity” means (i) when used with respect to a Director, the office of Director of the Company and (ii) when used with respect to a person other than a Director, the elective or appointive office of the Company held by such person or the employment or agency relationship undertaken by such person on behalf of the Company, but in each case does not include service for any other real estate investment trust or foreign or domestic corporation or any partnership, joint venture, sole proprietorship, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise.

(4)            “Proceeding” means any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitrative or investigative, any appeal in such an action, suit or proceeding, and any inquiry or investigation that could lead to such an action, suit or proceeding.

B.             Indemnification .   The Company shall indemnify every Indemnitee against all judgments, penalties (including excise and similar taxes), fines, amounts paid in settlement and reasonable expenses actually incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding in which he was, is or is threatened to be named defendant or respondent, or in which he was or is a witness without being named a defendant or respondent, by reason, in whole or in part, of his serving or having served, or having been nominated or designated to serve, in any of the capacities referred to in Section 6.6.A(1), if it is determined in accordance with Section 6.6.D that the Indemnitee (a) conducted himself in good faith, (b) reasonably believed, in the case of conduct in his Official Capacity, that his conduct was in the Company’s best interests and, in all other cases, that his conduct was at least not opposed to the Company’s best interests, and (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful; provided , however , that in the event that an Indemnitee is found liable to the Company or is found liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received by the Indemnitee, the indemnification (i) is limited to reasonable expenses actually incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with the Proceeding and (ii) shall not be made in respect of any Proceeding in which the Indemnitee shall have been found liable for willful or intentional misconduct in the performance of his duty to the Company.  Except as provided in the immediately preceding proviso to the first sentence of this Section 6.6.B, no indemnification shall be made under this Section 6.6.B in respect of any Proceeding in which such Indemnitee shall have been (x) found liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received by him, whether or not the benefit resulted from an action taken in the Indemnitee’s Official Capacity, or (y) found liable to the Company.  The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement or conviction, or on a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, is not of itself determinative that the Indemnitee did not meet the requirements set forth in clauses (a), (b) or (c) in the first sentence of this Section 6.6.B.  An Indemnitee shall be deemed to have been found liable in respect of any claim, issue or matter only after the Indemnitee shall have been so adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction after exhaustion of all appeals therefrom.  Reasonable expenses shall include, without limitation, all court costs and all fees and disbursements of attorneys for the Indemnitee.
 
 
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C.             Successful Defense .   Without limitation of Section 6.6.B and in addition to the indemnification provided for in Section 6.6.B, the Company shall indemnify every Indemnitee against reasonable expenses incurred by such person in connection with any Proceeding in which he is a witness or a named defendant or respondent because he served in any of the capacities referred to in Section 6.6.A (1), if such person has been wholly successful, on the merits or otherwise, in defense of the Proceeding.

D.             Determinations .   Any indemnification under Section 6.6.B (unless ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction) shall be made by the Company only upon a determination that indemnification of the Indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct.  Such determination shall be made (a) by the Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of Directors who, at the time of such vote, are not named defendants or respondents in the Proceeding; (b) if such a quorum cannot be obtained, then by a majority vote of a committee of the Directors, duly designated to act in the matter by a majority vote of all Directors (in which designation Directors who are named defendants or respondents in the Proceeding may participate), such committee to consist solely of two (2) or more Directors who, at the time of the committee vote, are not named defendants or respondents in the Proceeding; (c) by special legal counsel selected by the Directors or a committee thereof by vote as set forth in clauses (a) or (b) of this Section 6.6.D or, if the requisite quorum of all of the Directors cannot be obtained and such committee cannot be established, by a majority vote of all of the Directors (in which Directors who are named defendants or respondents in the Proceeding may participate); or (d) by the shareholders in a vote that excludes the shares held by Directors that are named defendants or respondents in the Proceeding.  Determination as to reasonableness of expenses shall be made in the same manner as the determination that indemnification is permissible, except that if the determination that indemnification is permissible is made by special legal counsel, determination as to reasonableness of expenses must be made in the manner specified in clause (c) of the preceding sentence for the selection of special legal counsel.  In the event a determination is made under this Section 6.6.D that the Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct as to some matters but not as to others, amounts to be indemnified may be reasonably prorated.
 
 
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E.             Advancement of Expenses .   Reasonable expenses (including court costs and attorneys’ fees) incurred by an Indemnitee who was or is a witness or was, is or is threatened to be made a named defendant or respondent in a Proceeding shall be paid or reimbursed by the Company at reasonable intervals in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding, and without making any of the determinations specified in Section 6.6.D, after receipt by the Company of (a) a written affirmation by such Indemnitee of his good faith belief that he has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Company under this Section 6.6 and (b) a written undertaking by or on behalf of such Indemnitee to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the Company if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company as authorized in this Section 6.6.  Such written undertaking shall be an unlimited general obligation of the Indemnitee but need not be secured and it may be accepted without reference to financial ability to make repayment.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 6.6, the Company may pay or reimburse expenses incurred by an Indemnitee in connection with his appearance as a witness or other participation in a Proceeding at a time when he is not named a defendant or respondent in the Proceeding.

F.             Enforcement .   If a claim under paragraph B of this Section 6.6 is not paid in full by the Company within thirty (30) calendar days after a written claim has been received by the Company, the claimant may at any time thereafter (but prior to payment of the claim) bring suit against the Company to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful, in whole or in part, the claimant shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting such claim.  It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the required undertaking, if any, has been tendered to the Company) that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct which make it permissible under laws of the State of Maryland for the Company to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed, but the burden of proving such defense shall be on the Company. Neither the failure of the Company (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or shareholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the laws of the State of Maryland, nor an actual determination by the Company (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or shareholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.
 
 
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G.             Authorization to Purchase Insurance .   The Company may purchase and maintain insurance, at its expense, on its own behalf and on behalf of any person who is or was a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or who while a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Company is or was serving at the request of the Company as a Director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent of another foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or employee benefit plan, against any liability asserted against and incurred by such person in any such capacity or arising out of such person’s position, whether or not the Company would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense or liability under the laws of the State of Maryland.

H.             Other Indemnification and Insurance .   The indemnification provided by this Section 6.6 shall (a) not be deemed exclusive of, or to preclude, any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may at any time be entitled under the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, any law, agreement or vote of shareholders or disinterested Directors, or otherwise, or under any policy or policies of insurance purchased and maintained by the Company on behalf of any Indemnitee, both as to action in his Official Capacity and as to action in any other capacity, (b) continue as to a person who has ceased to be in the capacity by reason of which he was an Indemnitee with respect to matters arising during the period he was in such capacity, and (c) inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

I.             Notice .   Any indemnification of or advance of expenses to an Indemnitee in accordance with this Section 6.6 shall be reported in writing to the shareholders of the Company with or before the notice or waiver of notice of the next shareholders’ meeting or with or before the next submission to shareholders of a consent to action without a meeting and, in any case, within the twelve-month period immediately following the date of the indemnification or advance.

J.             Construction .   The indemnification provided by this Section 6.6 shall be subject to all valid and applicable laws, including, without limitation, the laws of the State of Maryland, and, in the event this Section 6.6 or any of the provisions hereof or the indemnification contemplated hereby are found to be inconsistent with or contrary to any such valid laws, the latter shall be deemed to control and this Section 6.6 shall be regarded as modified accordingly, and, as so modified, shall continue in full force and effect.

K.             Continuing Offer, Reliance, Etc .   The provisions of this Section 6.6 (a) are for the benefit of, and may be enforced by, each Indemnitee of the Company, the same as if set forth in their entirety in a written instrument duly executed and delivered by the Company and such Indemnitee and (b) constitute a continuing offer to all present and future Indemnitees.  The Company, by its adoption of these Bylaws, (x) acknowledges and agrees that each Indemnitee of the Company has relied upon and will continue to rely upon the provisions of this Section 6.6 in becoming, and serving in any of the capacities referred to in Section 6.6.A(1) hereof, (y) waives reliance upon, and all notices of acceptance of, such provisions by such Indemnitees and (z) acknowledges and agrees that no present or future Indemnitee shall be prejudiced in his right to enforce the provisions of this Section 6.6 in accordance with their terms by any act or failure to act on the part of the Company.
 
 
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L.             Indemnification of Shareholders .   The Company shall indemnify each shareholder against any claim or liability to which the shareholder may become subject by reason of being or having been a shareholder.  The Company shall reimburse each shareholder for all legal and other expenses reasonably incurred by such shareholder in connection with any such claim or liability.

M.             Authority to Further Indemnify .   The Company may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Directors, grant rights of indemnification and rights to be paid by the Company the expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition to any employee or agent of the Company to the fullest extent of the provisions of this Section 6.6 with respect to the indemnification and advancement of expenses of Directors and officers of the Company.

N.             Effect of Amendment .   No amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 6.6 or any provision of this Section 6.6 shall in any manner terminate, reduce or impair the right of any past, present or future Indemnitees to be indemnified by the Company, nor the obligation of the Company to indemnify any such Indemnitees, under and in accordance with the provisions of this Section 6.6 as in effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification or repeal with respect to claims arising from or relating to matters occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when such claims may be asserted.

ARTICLE VII
AMENDMENTS

These Bylaws may be amended, added to, rescinded or repealed at any meeting of the shareholders, provided that notice of the proposed change was given in the notice of the meeting given pursuant to Section 2.4 of these Bylaws and the affirmative vote of the holders of that proportion of the Voting Shares necessary to approve an amendment to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation pursuant to such Articles of Incorporation and the laws of the State of Maryland, voting together as a single class, shall be required to alter, amend or repeal any provision of these Bylaws.
 
 
 
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Exhibit 10.1
ADVISORY AGREEMENT
 
THIS ADVISORY AGREEMENT, dated as of _________, 2015, is between RICH UNCLES REIT, INC. , a real estate investment trust organized under the laws of the State of Maryland (the “Company”) and RICH UNCLES REIT OPERATOR, LLC (the “Advisor”).
 
WITNESSETH
 
WHEREAS, the Company intends to qualify as a REIT (as defined below), and to invest its funds in investments permitted by the terms of the Prospectus, Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws of the Company and Sections 856 through 860 of the Code (as defined below);
 
WHEREAS, the Company desires to avail itself of the experience, knowledge, sources of information, advice, assistance and contacts available to the Advisor and to have the Advisor undertake the duties and responsibilities hereinafter set forth, on behalf of, and subject to the supervision, of the Board of Directors of the Company all as provided herein; and
 
WHEREAS, the Advisor is willing to undertake to render such services, subject to the supervision of the Board of Directors, on the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth;
 
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereto agree as follows:
 
1.   Definitions.   As used in this Advisory Agreement (the “Agreement”), the following terms have the definitions hereinafter indicated:
 
Acquisition Expenses .  Any and all expenses incurred by the Company, the Advisor, or any Affiliate of either in connection with the selection, acquisition or making of any investment, including any Property or other Permitted Investment, whether or not acquired, including, without limitation, legal fees and expenses, travel and communication expenses, costs of appraisals, nonrefundable option payments on property not acquired or made, accounting fees and expenses, and title insurance.
 
Acquisition Fees .  Any and all fees and commissions, exclusive of Acquisition Expenses, paid by any Person or entity to any other Person or entity (including any fees or commissions paid by or to any Affiliate of the Company or the Advisor) in connection with making an investment including making or investing in Properties or other Permitted Investments or the purchase, development or construction of a Property, including, without limitation, real estate commissions, acquisition fees, finder's fees, selection fees, development fees, construction fees, nonrecurring management fees, consulting fees, loan fees, points, or any other fees or commissions of a similar nature.  Excluded shall be development fees and construction fees paid to any Person or entity not Affiliated with the Advisor in connection with the actual development and construction of any Property. Further, Acquisition Fees will not be paid in connection with temporary short-term investments acquired for purposes of cash management.
 
Advisor .  Rich Uncles REIT Operator, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, any successor Advisor to the Company, or any Person or entity to which Rich Uncles REIT Operator, LLC, or any successor advisor subcontracts substantially all of its functions.  The Advisor will have responsibility for the day-to-day operations of the Company.
 
 
 

 
 
Affiliate or Affiliated (or any derivation thereof) .  An affiliate of another Person, which is defined as: (i) any Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling, or holding, with power to vote 10% or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other Person; (ii) any Person 10% or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled or held, with power to vote, by such other Person; (iii) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with such other Person; (iv) any executive officer, director, trustee or general partner of such other Person; and (v) any legal entity for which such Person acts as an executive officer, director, trustee or general partner.
 
Appraised Value .  Value according to an appraisal made by an Independent Appraiser.
 
Articles of Incorporation .  The Articles of Incorporation of the Company as filed with the Secretary of State of Maryland, as amended from time to time.
 
Asset Management Fee .  The fee payable to the Advisor for day-to-day professional management services in connection with the Company and its investments in Properties and other Permitted Investments pursuant to this Agreement.
 
Assets .  Properties and other Permitted Investments, collectively.
 
Average Invested Assets .  For a specified period, the average of the aggregate book value of the assets of the Company invested, directly or indirectly, in equity interests in Properties, or in other Permitted Investments, before reserves for depreciation or bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves, computed by taking the average of such values at the end of each month during such period.
 
Board of Directors or Board .  The Board of Directors of the Company.
 
Bylaws .  The bylaws of the Company, as the same are in effect and may be amended from time to time.
 
Cause .  With respect to the termination of this Agreement, fraud, criminal conduct, willful misconduct or willful or negligent breach of fiduciary duty by the Advisor, breach of this Agreement, a default by the Sponsor under the guarantee by the Sponsor to the Company or the bankruptcy of the Sponsor.
 
Code .  Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto.  Reference to any provision of the Code shall mean such provision as in effect from time to time, as the same may be amended, and any successor provision thereto, as interpreted by any applicable regulations as in effect from time to time.
 
Company .  Rich Uncles REIT, Inc., a real estate investment trust organized under the laws of the State of Maryland.
 
Company Property .  Any and all property, real, personal or otherwise, tangible or intangible, including Properties and other Permitted Investments, which is transferred or conveyed to the Company (including all rents, income, profits and gains therefrom), and which is owned or held by, or for the account of, the Company.
 
 
ADVISORY AGREEMENT
Page 2
 
 

 
 
Competitive Real Estate Commission .  A real estate or brokerage commission for the purchase or sale of property, which is reasonable, customary, and competitive in light of the size, type, and location of the property.  The total of all real estate commissions paid by the Company to all Persons (not including the Subordinated Participation Fee payable to the Advisor) in connection with any Sale of one or more of the Company’s Properties shall not exceed the lesser of (i) a Competitive Real Estate Commission or (ii) six percent of the gross sales price of the Property or Properties.
 
Contract Purchase Price .  The amount actually paid or allocated (as of the date of purchase) to the purchase, development, construction or improvement of property, exclusive of Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses.
 
Contract Sales Price .  The total consideration received by the Company for the sale of Company Property.
 
Distributions .  Any distribution of money or other property by the Company to owners of Securities, including distributions that may constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes.
 
Independent Appraiser .  A qualified appraiser of real estate as determined by the Board.  Membership in a nationally recognized appraisal society such as the Appraisal Institute (“MAI”) or the Society of Real Estate Appraisers (“SREA”) shall be conclusive evidence of such qualification.
 
Independent Director .  A Director who is not and within the last two years has not been directly or indirectly associated with the Advisor by virtue of (i) ownership of an interest in the Advisor or its Affiliates, (ii) employment by the Advisor or its Affiliates, (iii) service as an officer or director of the Advisor or its Affiliates, (iv) performance of services, other than as a Director, for the Company, (v) service as a director or trustee of more than three real estate investment trusts advised by the Advisor, or (vi) maintenance of a material business or professional relationship with the Advisor or any of its Affiliates.  A business or professional relationship is considered material if the gross revenue derived by the Director from the Advisor and Affiliates exceeds 5% of either the Director's annual gross revenue during either of the last two years or the Director's net worth on a fair market value basis.  An indirect relationship shall include circumstances in which a Director's spouse, parents, children, siblings, mothers- or fathers-in-law, sons- or daughters-in-law, or brothers- or sisters-in-law are or have been associated with the Advisor, any of its Affiliates, or the Company.
 
Independent Expert .  A Person or entity with no material current or prior business or personal relationship with the Advisor or the Directors and who is engaged to a substantial extent in the business of rendering opinions regarding the value of assets of the type held by the Company.
 
Invested Capital .  The Original Invested Capital less Distributions in excess of the Stockholders’ 6.5% Return.
 
Joint Ventures .  The joint venture or general partnership arrangements in which the Company is a co-venturer or general partner which are established to acquire Properties or other Permitted Investments.
 
 
ADVISORY AGREEMENT
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Net Cash Flow .  For any period, the gross cash proceeds from operations including from all sales and other dispositions and all refinancings of the Property less the portion thereof used to pay all Operating Expenses, debt payments, capital improvements, or to establish reserves for such expenses, asset replacements and contingencies, all as determined by the Directors.  Net Cash Flow shall not be reduced by depreciation, amortization, cost recovery deductions, or similar allowances, but shall be increased by any reductions of reserves previously established.  Additionally, Net Cash Flow shall include all principal and interest payments with respect to any note or other obligation received by the Company in connection with sales and other dispositions of Company Property.
 
Offering .  The initial offering of Shares pursuant to a registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form S-11.
 
Operating Expenses .  All costs and expenses incurred by the Company, as determined under generally accepted accounting principles, which in any way are related to the operation of the Company or to Company business, including (a) advisory fees, (b) the Asset Management Fee, and (c) the Subordinated Participation Fee, but excluding (i) the expenses of raising capital such as Organizational and Offering Expenses, legal, audit, accounting, underwriting, brokerage, listing, registration, and other fees, printing and other such expenses and tax incurred in connection with the issuance, distribution, transfer, registration of the Shares; (ii) interest payments; (iii) taxes; (iv) non-cash expenditures such as depreciation, amortization and bad loan reserves; and (v) Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses, real estate or other commissions on the Sale of Assets, and other expenses connected with the acquisition, and ownership of real estate interests, Properties or other Permitted Investments (such as the costs of foreclosure, insurance premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair and improvement of property).
 
Organizational and Offering Expenses .  Any and all costs and expenses, other than selling commissions, the marketing support fee and due diligence expense reimbursements incurred by the Company, the Advisor or any Affiliate of either in connection with the formation, qualification and registration of the Company and the marketing and distribution of Shares, including, without limitation, the following: legal, accounting and escrow fees; printing, amending, supplementing, mailing and distributing costs; filing, registration and qualification fees and taxes; telegraph and telephone costs; and all advertising and marketing expenses, including the costs related to investor and broker-dealer sales meetings.
 
Original Invested Capital .  The amount calculated by multiplying the total number of Shares issued and outstanding by the offering price per share, without deduction for selling commissions, the marketing support fee, due diligence expense reimbursements or Organizational and Offering Expenses.
 
Permitted Investments .  All investments that the Company may acquire pursuant to its Articles of Incorporation and bylaws, other than the short-term investments acquired for purposes of cash management.
 
Person .  An individual, corporation, partnership, estate, trust (including a trust qualified under Section 401(a) or 501(c)(17) of the Code), a portion of a trust permanently set aside for or to be used exclusively for the purposes described in Section 642(c) of the Code, association, private foundation within the meaning of Section 509(a) of the Code, joint stock company or other entity, or any government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.
 
 
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Property or Properties .  Interests in (i) the real properties, including the buildings an equipment located thereon: or (ii) the real properties only; or (iii) the buildings only, including equipment located therein; any of which are acquired by the Company, either directly or indirectly through joint ventures, or other partnerships, or other legal entities.
 
Prospectus .  “Prospectus” means any document by whatever name known, utilized for the purpose of offering and selling securities to the public.
 
Real Estate Asset Value .  The amount actually paid or allocated to the purchase, development, construction or improvement of a Property, exclusive of Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses.
 
REIT .  A “real estate investment trust” as defined pursuant to Sections 856 through 860 of the Code.
 
Sale or Sales .  (i)  Any transaction or series of transactions whereby: (A) the Company sells, grants, transfers, conveys or relinquishes its ownership of any Property or portion thereof, including the lease of any Property or other Permitted Investment consisting of the building only, and including any event with respect to any Property which gives rise to a significant amount of insurance proceeds or condemnation awards; (B) the Company sells, grants, transfers, conveys or relinquishes its ownership of all or substantially all of the interest of the Company in any Joint Venture in which it is a co-venturer or partner; (C) any Joint Venture in which the Company as a co-venturer or partner sells, grants, transfers, conveys or relinquishes its ownership of any Property or other Permitted Investment or portion thereof, including any event with respect to any Property or other Permitted Investment which gives rise to insurance claims or condemnation awards; or (D) the Company sells, grants, conveys or relinquishes its interest in any Property or other Permitted Investment, or portion thereof, including any event with respect to any Property or other Permitted Investment, which gives rise to a significant amount of insurance proceeds or similar awards, but (ii) shall not include any transaction or series of transactions specified in clause (i)(A), (i)(B), or (i)(C) above in which the proceeds of such transaction or series of transactions are reinvested in one or more Properties or other Permitted Investments within 180 days thereafter.
 
Securities .  Any common shares or preferred shares, as such terms are defined in the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, any other Company stock, shares or other evidences of equity or beneficial or other interests, voting trust certificates, bonds, debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, secured or unsecured, convertible, subordinated or otherwise, or in general any instruments commonly known as “securities” or any certificates of interest, shares or participations in, temporary or interim certificates for, receipts for, guarantees of, or warrants, options or rights to subscribe to, purchase or acquire, any of the foregoing.
 
Shares .  The up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $.001 per share, of the Company to be sold in the Company’s initial public offering of Securities.
 
 
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Sponsor .  Any Person directly or indirectly instrumental in organizing, wholly or in part, the Company or any Person who will control, manage or participate in the management of the Company, and any Affiliate of such Person.  Not included is any Person whose only relationship with the Company is that of an independent property manager of the Company’s Properties or other Permitted Investments, and whose only compensation is as such.  Sponsor does not include independent third parties such as attorneys, accountants, and underwriters whose only compensation is for professional services.  A Person may also be deemed a Sponsor of the Company by:
 
(a.)           taking the initiative, directly or indirectly, in founding or organizing the business or enterprise of the Company, either alone or in conjunction with one or more other Persons;
 
(b)           receiving a material participation in the Company in connection with the founding or organizing of the business of the Company, in consideration of services or property, or both services and property;
 
(c)           having a substantial number of relationships and contacts with the Company;
 
(d)           possessing significant rights to control the Company’s Properties;
 
(e)           receiving fees for providing services to the Company which are paid on a basis that is not customary in the industry; or
 
(f)           providing goods or services to the Company on a basis which was not negotiated at arms length with the Company.
 
Stockholders .  The registered holders of the Company’s Securities.
 
Stockholders’ 6.5% Return .  As of each date, an aggregate amount equal to a 6.5% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on Invested Capital.
 
Subordinated Participation Fee .  The Subordinated Participation Fee as defined in Paragraph 9(g).
 
Termination Date .  The date of termination of this Agreement whether pursuant to (i) the non-renewal of this Agreement under Paragraph 14 below or (ii) written notice of termination under Paragraph 15 below.
 
Total Property Cost .  With regard to any Company Property, an amount equal to the sum of the Real Estate Asset Value of such Property plus the Acquisition Expenses and the Acquisition Fees paid in connection with such Property.
 
Director .  A member of the Board of Directors of the Company.
 
 
ADVISORY AGREEMENT
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Valuation .  An estimate of value of the Assets of the Company as determined by an Independent Expert.
 
2.   Appointment.   The Company hereby appoints the Advisor to serve as its advisor on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, and the Advisor hereby accepts such appointment.
 
3.   Duties of the Advisor.   The Advisor undertakes to use its best efforts to present to the Company potential investment opportunities and to provide a continuing and suitable investment program consistent with the investment objectives and policies of the Company as determined and adopted from time to time by the Directors.  In performance of this undertaking, subject to the supervision of the Directors and consistent with the provisions of the Prospectus, Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws of the Company, the Advisor shall, either directly or by engaging an Affiliate:
 
(a)   serve as the Company’s investment and financial advisor and provide research and economic and statistical data in connection with the Company’s assets and investment policies;
 
(b)   provide the daily management of the Company and perform and supervise the various administrative functions reasonably necessary for the management of the Company;
 
(c)   investigate, select, and, on behalf of the Company, engage and conduct business with such Persons as the Advisor deems necessary to the proper performance of its obligations hereunder, including but not limited to consultants, accountants, correspondents, lenders, technical advisors, attorneys, brokers, underwriters, corporate fiduciaries, escrow agents, depositaries, custodians, agents for collection, insurers, insurance agents, banks, builders, developers, property owners, mortgagors, and any and all agents for any of the foregoing, including Affiliates of the Advisor, and Persons acting in any other capacity deemed by the Advisor necessary or desirable for the performance of any of the services herein, including but not limited to entering into contracts in the name of the Company with any of the foregoing;
 
(d)   consult with the officers and Directors of the Company and assist the Directors in the formulation and implementation of the Company’s financial policies, and, as necessary, furnish the Directors with advice and recommendations with respect to the making of investments consistent with the investment objectives and policies of the Company and in connection with any borrowings proposed to be undertaken by the Company; subject to the provisions of Paragraphs 3(g) and 4 hereof, (i) locate, analyze and select potential investments in Properties and other Permitted Investments, (ii) structure and negotiate the terms and conditions of transactions pursuant to which investment in Properties and other Permitted Investments; (iii) make investments in Properties and other Permitted Investments in compliance with the investment objectives and policies of the Company; (iv) arrange for financing and refinancing and make other changes in the asset or capital structure of, and dispose of, reinvest the proceeds from the sale of, or otherwise deal with the investments in, Properties and other Permitted Investments; and (v) enter into leases and service contracts for Company Property and, to the extent necessary, perform all other operational functions for the maintenance and administration of such Company Property;
 
 
ADVISORY AGREEMENT
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(e)   provide the Directors with periodic reports regarding prospective investments in Properties and other Permitted Investments;
 
(f)   obtain the prior approval of the Directors (including a majority of all Independent Directors) for any and all investments in Properties and other Permitted Investments;
 
(g)   negotiate on behalf of the Company with banks or lenders for loans to be made to the Company and negotiate on behalf of the Company with investment banking firms and broker-dealers or negotiate private sales of Shares and Securities or obtain loans for the Company, but in no event in such a way so that the Advisor shall be acting as broker-dealer or underwriter; and provided, further, that any fees and costs payable to third parties incurred by the Advisor in connection with the foregoing shall be the responsibility of the Company;
 
(h)   obtain reports (which may be prepared by the Advisor or its Affiliates), where appropriate, concerning the value of investments or contemplated investments of the Company;
 
(i)   from time to time, or at any time reasonably requested by the Directors, make reports to the Directors of its performance of services to the Company under this Agreement;
 
(j)   provide the Company with all necessary cash management services;
 
(k)   do all things necessary to assure its ability to render the services described in this Agreement;
 
(l)   deliver to or maintain on behalf of the Company copies of all appraisals obtained in connection with the investments in Properties and other Permitted Investments; and
 
(m)   notify the Board of all proposed material transactions before they are completed.
 
4.   Authority of Advisor.
 
(a)   Pursuant to the terms of this Agreement (including the restrictions included in this Paragraph 4 and in Paragraph 7), and subject to the continuing and exclusive authority of the Directors over the management of the Company, the Directors hereby delegate to the Advisor the authority to (1) locate, analyze and select investment opportunities, (2) structure the terms and conditions of transactions pursuant to which investments will be made or acquired for the Company, (3) acquire Properties and other Permitted Investments in compliance with the investment objectives and policies of the Company, (4) arrange for financing or refinancing with respect to Properties and other Permitted Investments, (5) enter into leases and service contracts for the Company’s Property, and perform other property management services, (6) oversee non-affiliated property managers and other non-affiliated Persons who perform services for the Company; and (7) undertake accounting and other record-keeping functions at the Property level.
 
(b)   Notwithstanding the foregoing, any investment in Properties or other Permitted Investments, including any acquisition of Property by the Company (as well as any financing acquired by the Company in connection with such acquisition), will require the prior approval of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors).
 
 
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(c)   If a transaction requires approval by the Independent Directors, the Advisor will deliver to the Independent Directors all documents required by them to properly evaluate the proposed investment in the Property or other Permitted Investments.
 
(d)   The prior approval of a majority of the Independent Directors and a majority of the Directors not otherwise interested in the transaction will be required for each transaction with the Advisor or its Affiliates.
 
(e)   The Directors may, at any time upon the giving of notice to the Advisor, modify or revoke the authority set forth in this Paragraph 4.  If and to the extent the Directors so modify or revoke the authority contained herein, the Advisor shall henceforth submit to the Directors for prior approval such proposed transactions involving investments which thereafter require prior approval, provided, however, that such modification or revocation shall be effective upon receipt by the Advisor and shall not be applicable to investment transactions to which the Advisor has committed the Company prior to the date of receipt by the Advisor of such notification.
 
5.   Bank Accounts.   The Advisor may establish and maintain one or more bank accounts in its own name for the account of the Company or in the name of the Company and may collect and deposit into any such account or accounts, and disburse from any such account or accounts, any money on behalf of the Company, under such terms and conditions as the Directors may approve, provided that no funds shall be commingled with the funds of the Advisor; and the Advisor shall from time to time render appropriate accountings of such collections and payments to the Directors and to the auditors of the Company.
 
6.   Records; Access.   The Advisor shall maintain appropriate records of all its activities hereunder and make such records available for inspection by the Directors and by counsel, auditors and authorized agents of the Company, at any time or from time to time during normal business hours.  The Advisor shall at all reasonable times have access to the books and records of the Company.
 
7.   Limitations on Activities.   Anything else in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, the Advisor shall refrain from taking any action which, in its sole judgment made in good faith, would (a) adversely affect the status of the Company as a REIT, (b) subject the Company to regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940, or (c) violate any law, rule, regulation or statement of policy of any governmental body or agency having jurisdiction over the Company or its Securities, or otherwise not be permitted by the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Company, except if such action shall be ordered by the Directors, in which case the Advisor shall notify promptly the Directors of the Advisor's judgment of the potential impact of such action and shall refrain from taking such action until it receives further clarification or instructions from the Directors.  In such event the Advisor shall have no liability for acting in accordance with the specific instructions of the Directors so given. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Advisor, its Directors, officers, employees and stockholders, and stockholders, Directors and officers of the Advisor’s Affiliates shall not be liable to the Company or to the Directors or Stockholders for any act or omission by the Advisor, its Directors, officers or employees, or stockholders, Directors or officers of the Advisor’s Affiliates except as provided in Paragraphs 19 and 20 of this Agreement.
 
 
ADVISORY AGREEMENT
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8.   Relationship with Directors.   Directors, officers and employees of the Advisor or an Affiliate of the Advisor or any corporate parents of an Affiliate, or Directors, officers or stockholders of any director, officer or corporate parent of an Affiliate may serve as a Director and as officers of the Company, except that no director, officer or employee of the Advisor or its Affiliates who also is a Director or officer of the Company shall receive any compensation from the Company for serving as a Director or officer of the Company other than reasonable reimbursement for travel and related expenses incurred in attending meetings of the Directors of the Company.
 
9.   Fees.
 
(a)   Asset Management Fee .  The Company shall pay to the Advisor as compensation for the advisory services rendered to the Company under Paragraph 3 above, a monthly fee in an amount equal to 0.1% of the Company’s Average Invested Assets (the “Asset Management Fee”), as of the end of the preceding month.  The Asset Management Fee shall be payable monthly on the last day of such month, or the first business day following the last day of such month.  The Asset Management Fee, which will not exceed fees which are competitive for similar services in the same geographic area, may or may not be taken, in whole or in part as to any year, in the sole discretion of the Advisor.  All or any portion of the Asset Management Fee not taken as to any fiscal year shall be deferred without interest and may be taken in such other fiscal year as the Advisor shall determine.
 
(b)   Acquisition Fees .  The Company shall pay the Advisor a fee in the amount equal 3.0% of Company’s Total Property Cost of its Properties, as Acquisition Fees.    The total of all Acquisition Fees and any Acquisition Expenses shall be limited to an amount equal to 6.0% of the Total Property Cost of its Properties.
 
(c)   Financing Coordination Fee .  Other than with respect to any mortgage or other financing related to a property concurrent with its acquisition, if an Advisor or an Affiliate provides a substantial amount of the services (as determined by a majority of the Independent Directors) in connection with the post-acquisition financing or refinancing of any debt that the Company obtains relative to a Property, the Advisor or Affiliate shall receive a financing coordination fee equal to 1.0% of the amount of such financing.
 
(d)   Property Management Fee .  If an Advisor or an Affiliate provides a substantial amount of the property management services (as determined by a majority of the Independent Directors) for the Company’s Properties, then the Advisor or Affiliate shall receive a property management fee equal to 1.5% of gross revenues from the properties managed.
 
(e)   Leasing Commissions .  If an Advisor or an Affiliate provides a substantial amount of the services (as determined by a majority of the Independent Directors) in connection with the Company’s initial leasing of a Property or Properties to unaffiliated third parties, the Advisor or Affiliate shall receive leasing commissions equal to 6.0% of the rents due pursuant to such lease for the first ten years of the lease term; provided, however (i) if the term of the lease is less than ten years, such commission percentage will apply to the full term of the lease and (ii) any rents due under a renewal of a lease of an existing tenant upon expiration of the initial lease agreement (including any extensions provided for thereunder) shall accrue a commission of 3.0% in lieu of the aforementioned 6.0% commission.
 
 
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(f)   Real Estate Commission .  If the Advisor or an Affiliate provides a substantial amount of the services (as determined by a majority of the Independent Directors) in connection with the Sale of one or more Assets, the Advisor or an Affiliate shall receive a Real Estate Commission equal to one-half of the brokerage commission paid with respect to such Assets; provided, however, (i) the amount so paid shall not exceed an amount equal to 3.0% of the contract price of such Assets and (ii) the amount so paid when added to the sums paid to unaffiliated parties in such capacity shall not exceed the lesser of (x) the Competitive Real Estate Commission and (y) 6.0% of the contract price of such Assets.
 
(g)   Subordinated Participation Fee .
 
(i)   Upon the occurrence of a liquidity event such as the refinancing of the underlying mortgage or the Sale of the Properties or parcels of Properties, the Advisor shall be entitled to the Subordinated Participation Fee which shall be forty percent (40%) of the proceeds therefrom after the Stockholders have received total Distributions that return to them a 6.5% annual, cumulative, non-compounded return on their Original Invested Capital plus their Stockholders’ 6.5% Return.
 
(ii)   In the event this Agreement is terminated, whether under Paragraph 14 or Paragraph 15 below, the Advisor shall be entitled to the Subordinated Participation Fee as set forth below even if this Agreement is terminated prior to such time as the Stockholders have received total Distributions in an amount equal to 100% of Original Invested Capital plus an amount sufficient to pay the Stockholders’ 6.5% Return through the Termination Date.  If the Stockholders have not received total Distributions in an amount equal to 100% of Original Invested Capital plus the Stockholders’ 6.5% Return through the Termination Date, an appraisal of the Properties then owned by the Company shall be made.  If the Appraised Value of the Properties then owned by the Company plus total Distributions received prior to the Termination Date equals or is greater than 100% of Original Invested Capital plus an amount sufficient to pay the Stockholders’ 6.5% Return through the Termination Date, the Advisor shall be entitled to the Subordination Participation Fee based on such Appraised Value less the then outstanding balance on any mortgage debt on the underlying Properties plus a Subordinated Participation Fee on Properties or parcels of Properties previously sold but on which a Subordinated Participation Fee was not paid.
 
(h)   Loans from Affiliates .  The Company may not borrow money from the Advisor or any Affiliate of the Advisor, unless a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in such transaction approve the transaction as being fair, competitive, and commercially reasonable and no less favorable to the Company than loans between unaffiliated parties under the same circumstances.
 
 
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10.   Expenses.
 
(a)   In addition to the compensation paid to the Advisor pursuant to Paragraph 9 hereof, the Company shall pay directly or reimburse the Advisor for all of the expenses paid or incurred by the Advisor in connection with the services it provides to the Company pursuant to this Agreement, including, but not limited to:
 
(i)   the lesser of the Company’s Organizational and Offering Expenses or (together with any Organizational and Offering Expenses reimbursed to the Sponsor) 3.0% of the proceeds raised from the Offering,;
 
(ii)   the Acquisition Expenses incurred in connection with the selection and acquisition of Properties or other Permitted Investments;
 
(iii)   the actual cost of goods and materials used by the Company and obtained from entities not affiliated with the Advisor, other than Acquisition Expenses, including brokerage fees paid in connection with the purchase and sale of securities;
 
(iv)   interest and other costs for borrowed money, including discounts, points and other similar fees;
 
(v)   taxes and assessments on income or Property and taxes as an expense of doing business;
 
(vi)   costs associated with insurance required in connection with the business of the Company or by the Directors;
 
(vii)   expenses of managing and operating Properties owned by the Company, whether payable to an Affiliate of the Company or a non-affiliated Person;
 
(viii)   all expenses in connection with payments to the Directors and meetings of the Directors and Stockholders;
 
(ix)   expenses associated with Listing or with the issuance and distribution of Shares and Securities, such as selling commissions and fees, advertising expenses, taxes, legal and accounting fees, and Listing and registration fees;
 
(x)   expenses connected with payments of Distributions in cash or otherwise made or caused to be made by the Directors to the Stockholders;
 
(xi)   expenses of organizing, revising, amending, converting, modifying, or terminating the Company or the Articles of Incorporation;
 
(xii) e xpenses of maintaining communications with Stockholders, including the cost of preparation, printing, and mailing annual reports and other Stockholder reports, proxy statements and other reports required by governmental entities;
 
 
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(xiii)   expenses related to negotiating and servicing loans, Properties and other Permitted Investments;
 
(xiv)   administrative service expenses (including personnel costs; provided, however, that no reimbursement shall be made for costs of personnel to the extent that such personnel perform services in transactions for which the Advisor receives a separate fee at the lesser of actual cost or 90% of the competitive rate charged by unaffiliated persons providing similar goods and services in the same geographic location); and
 
(xv)   audit, accounting and legal fees.
 
(b)   Expenses incurred by the Advisor on behalf of the Company and payable pursuant to this Paragraph 10 shall be reimbursed no less often than monthly to the Advisor.  The Advisor shall prepare a statement documenting the expenses of the Company during each quarter, and shall deliver such statement to the Company within 45 days after the end of each quarter.
 
11.   Other Services.   Should the Directors request that the Advisor or any director, officer or employee thereof render services for the Company other than set forth in Paragraph 3, such services shall be separately compensated at such rates and in such amounts as are agreed by the Advisor and the Independent Directors of the Company, subject to the limitations contained in the Articles of Incorporation, and shall not be deemed to be services pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.
 
12.   Other Activities of the Advisor.
 
(a)   Nothing herein contained shall prevent the Advisor from engaging in other activities, including, without limitation, the rendering of advice to other Persons (including other REITs) and the management of other programs advised, sponsored or organized by the Advisor or its Affiliates; nor shall this Agreement limit or restrict the right of any director, officer, employee, or stockholder of the Advisor or its Affiliates to engage in any other business or to render services of any kind to   any other partnership, corporation, firm, individual, trust or association.  The Advisor may, with respect to any investment in which the Company is a participant, also render advice and service to each and every other participant therein.  The Advisor shall report to the Directors the existence of any condition or circumstance, existing or anticipated, of which it has knowledge, which creates or could create a conflict of interest between the Advisor's obligations to the Company and its obligations to or its interest in any other partnership, corporation, firm, individual, trust or association.  The Advisor or its Affiliates shall promptly disclose to the Directors knowledge of such condition or circumstance.  If the Sponsor, Advisor, Director or Affiliates thereof have sponsored other investment programs with similar investment objectives which have investment funds available at the same time as the Company, it shall be the duty of the Directors (including the Independent Directors) to adopt the method, if any, set forth in the Prospectus or another reasonable method by which properties are to be allocated to the competing investment entities and to use their best efforts to apply such method fairly to the Company.
 
 
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(b)   The Advisor shall be required to use its best efforts to present a continuing and suitable investment program to the Company which is consistent with the investment policies and objectives of the Company, but neither the Advisor nor any Affiliate of the Advisor shall be obligated generally to present any particular investment opportunity to the Company even if the opportunity is of character which, if presented to the Company, could be taken by the Company.
 
(c)   In the event that the Advisor or its Affiliates is presented with a potential investment which might be made by the Company and by another investment entity which the Advisor or its Affiliates advises or manages, the Advisor and its Affiliates shall consider the investment portfolio of each entity, cash flow of each entity, the effect of the acquisition on the diversification of each entity’s portfolio, rental payments during any renewal period, the estimated income tax effects of the purchase on each entity, the policies of each entity relating to leverage, the funds of each entity available for investment and the length of time such funds have been available for investment.  In the event that an investment opportunity becomes available which is suitable for both the Company and a public or private entity which the Advisor or its Affiliates are Affiliated, then the entity which has had the longest period of time elapse since it was offered an investment opportunity will first be offered the investment opportunity.  For purposes of this conflict resolution procedure, an investment opportunity will be considered “offered” to the Company when an opportunity is presented to the Board of Directors for its consideration.
 
13.   Relationship of Advisor and Company.   The Company and the Advisor are not partners or joint venturers with each other, and nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to make them such partners or joint venturers or impose any liability as such on either of them.
 
14.   Term; Termination of Agreement.   This Agreement shall continue in force for one year from the date of this Agreement, subject to an unlimited number of successive one-year renewals upon mutual consent of the parties.  It is the duty of the Directors to evaluate the performance of the Advisor annually before renewing the Agreement, and each such agreement shall have a term of no more than one year.
 
15.   Termination by Either Party.   This Agreement shall be terminable by a majority of the Independent Directors, or the Advisor on 60 days written notice without Cause; provided, however, the Advisor shall be entitled to the value of its Subordinated Participation Fee as provided under Paragraph 9(g) above.  In the event of the termination of this Agreement, the Advisor will cooperate with the Company and take all reasonable steps requested to assist the Directors in making an orderly transition of the advisory function.
 
16.   Assignment to an Affiliate.   This Agreement may be assigned by the Advisor to an Affiliate with the approval of a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors).  The Advisor may assign any rights to receive fees or other payments under this Agreement without obtaining the approval of the Directors.  This Agreement shall not be assigned by the Company without the consent of the Advisor, except in the case of an assignment by the Company to a corporation or other organization which is a successor to all of the assets, rights and obligations of the Company, in which case such successor organization shall be bound hereunder and by the terms of said assignment in the same manner as the Company is bound by this Agreement.
 
 
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17.   Subcontracts with Affiliates.   The Advisor may subcontract with an Affiliate for a portion of the services and duties to be performed under this Agreement without obtaining the approval of the Directors to the extent such services or duties are primarily administrative in nature.  The Advisor may further subcontract any rights to receive fees or other payments for such services or duties under this Agreement without obtaining the approval of the Directors.
 
18.   Payments to and Duties of Advisor Upon Termination.
 
(a)   After the Termination Date, the Advisor shall not be entitled to compensation for further services hereunder except it shall be entitled to receive from the Company within 30 days after the effective date of such termination all unpaid reimbursements of expenses and all earned but unpaid fees payable to the Advisor prior to termination of this Agreement, exclusive of disputed items arising out of possible unauthorized transactions.
 
(b)   Upon termination, the Advisor shall be entitled to payment of the Subordinated Participation Fee on the basis as described above in Paragraph 9(g).  The Advisor shall be entitled to receive all accrued but unpaid compensation and expense reimbursements in cash within 30 days of the Termination Date.
 
(c)   The Advisor shall promptly upon termination:
 
(i)   pay over to the Company all money collected and held for the account of the Company pursuant to this Agreement, after deducting any accrued compensation and reimbursement for its expenses to which it is then entitled;
 
(ii)   deliver to the Directors a full accounting, including a statement showing all payments collected by it and a statement of all money held by it, covering the period following the date of the last accounting furnished to the Directors;
 
(iii)   deliver to the Directors all assets, including Properties and other Permitted Investments, and documents of the Company then in the custody of the Advisor; and
 
(iv)   cooperate with the Company to provide an orderly management transition.
 
19.   Indemnification by the Company.   The Company shall indemnify and hold harmless the Advisor and its Affiliates, including their respective officers, directors, partners and employees, from all liability, claims, damages or losses arising in the performance of their duties hereunder, and related expenses, including reasonable attorneys' fees, to the extent such liability, claims, damages or losses and related expenses are not fully reimbursed by insurance, subject to any limitations imposed by the laws of the State of Maryland or the Articles of Incorporation of the Company.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Advisor shall not be entitled to indemnification or be held harmless pursuant to this Paragraph 19 for any activity for which the Advisor shall be required to indemnify or hold harmless the Company pursuant to Paragraph 20.  Any indemnification of the Advisor may be made only out of the net assets of the Company and not from Stockholders.
 
 
ADVISORY AGREEMENT
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20.   Indemnification by Advisor.   The Advisor shall indemnify and hold harmless the Company from contract or other liability, claims, damages, taxes or losses and related expenses including attorneys' fees, to the extent that such liability, claims, damages, taxes or losses and related expenses are not fully reimbursed by insurance and are incurred by reason of the Advisor's bad faith, fraud, misconduct, or negligence, but the Advisor shall not be held responsible for any action of the Board of Directors in following or declining to follow any advice or recommendation given by the Advisor.
 
21.   Notices.   Any notice, report or other communication required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be in writing unless some other method of giving such notice, report or other communication is required by the Articles of Incorporation, the Bylaws, or accepted by the party to whom it is given, and shall be given by being delivered by hand or by overnight mail or other overnight delivery service to the addresses set forth herein:
 
To the Directors and to the Company:
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc.
3080 Bristol Street, Suite 550
Costa Mesa, CA 92626
Attn: Harold Hofer
 
 
To the Advisor:
Rich Uncles REIT Operator, LLC
3080 Bristol Street, Suite 550
Costa Mesa, CA 92626
Attn: Harold Hofer
 
Either party may at any time give notice in writing to the other party of a change in its address for the purposes of this Paragraph 21.
 
22.   Modification.   This Agreement shall not be changed, modified, terminated, or discharged, in whole or in part, except by an instrument in writing signed by both parties hereto, or their respective successors or assignees.
 
23.   Severability.   The provisions of this Agreement are independent of and severable from each other, and no provision shall be affected or rendered invalid or unenforceable by virtue of the fact that for any reason any other or others of them may be invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part.
 
24.   Construction.   The provisions of this Agreement shall be interpreted, construed and enforced in all respects in accordance with the laws of the State of Maryland applicable to contracts to be made and performed entirely in said state.
 
25.   Entire Agreement.   This Agreement contains the entire agreement and understanding among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements, understandings, inducements and conditions, express or implied, oral or written, of any nature whatsoever with respect to the subject matter hereof.  The express terms hereof control and supersede any course of performance and/or usage of the trade inconsistent with any of the terms hereof.
 
 
ADVISORY AGREEMENT
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26.   Indulgences, Not Waivers.   Neither the failure nor any delay on the part of a party to exercise any right, remedy, power or privilege under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege preclude any other or further exercise of the same or of any other right, remedy, power or privilege, nor shall any waiver of any right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any occurrence be construed as a waiver of such right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any other occurrence.  No waiver shall be effective unless it is in writing and is signed by the party asserted to have granted such waiver.
 
27.   Gender. Words used herein regardless of the number and gender specifically used, shall be deemed and construed to include any other number, singular or plural, and any other gender, masculine, feminine or neuter, as the context requires.
 
28.   Headings Not to Affect Interpretation.   The headings of paragraphs and subparagraphs contained in this Agreement are for convenience only and they neither form a part of this Agreement nor are they to be used in the construction or interpretation hereof.
 
29.   Execution in Counterparts.   This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original as against any party whose signature appears thereon, and all of which shall together constitute one and the same instrument.  This Agreement shall become binding when one or more counterparts hereof, individually or taken together, shall bear the signatures of all of the parties reflected hereon as the signatories.
 

 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date and year first above written.
 
 
Rich Uncles REIT, Inc.
 
By:          _______________________________
Name:      _____, Independent  Director

 
Rich Uncles REIT Operator, LLC
 
By:          _______________________________
Name:      Harold Hofer, Manager

 
 
 
 
ADVISORY AGREEMENT
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Exhibit 21.1
 
SUBSIDIARIES

Rich Uncles OP, a Delaware limited partnership

Rich Uncles Sub, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company
Exhibit 23.2
 

GRAPHIC
 
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
To the Board of Directors
 
Rich Uncles Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.
 
We consent to the inclusion in the foregoing Registration Statement on Form S-11 of our report dated July 15, 2015 relating to our audit of the balance sheet of Rich Uncles Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. (“the Company”) as of June 30, 2015, and the related statement of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the period from May 13, 2015 (Inception) through June 30, 2015. Our report dated July 15, 2015, relating to the financial statements includes an emphasis paragraph relating to an uncertainty as to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.
 
We also consent to the reference to us under the caption “Experts” in the Registration Statement.
 
/ s/   A n ton   &   C h i a, L L P
 
Newport Beach, California
 
J uly 15, 2015