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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 14, 2005

Registration No. 333-            


UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549


FORM S-11

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933


JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Governing Instruments)


1650 Tysons Blvd.

Suite 1600

McLean, Virginia 22102

(703) 714-8000

(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)


Daniel T. Ward

Secretary

JER Investors Trust Inc.

1650 Tysons Blvd.

Suite 1600

McLean, Virginia 22102

(703) 714-8000

(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)


Copies to:

 

David J. Goldschmidt

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

Four Times Square

New York, NY 10036-6522

(212) 735-3000

 

David C. Wright

Hunton & Williams LLP

Riverfront Plaza, East Tower

951 East Byrd Street

Richmond, VA 23219

(804) 788-8200


Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.

 

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨

 

If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, check the following box.    ¨

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 


Title of Securities Being Registered    Proposed Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price(1)(2)
   Amount of
Registration Fee

Common Stock, par value $.01 per share

   $ 230,000,000    $ 27,071.00

(1) Includes shares that the underwriters have the option to purchase from us to cover over-allotments, if any.
(2) Estimated based on a bona fide estimate of the maximum aggregate offering price solely for the purposes of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) of the Securities Act of 1933.

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission acting, pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 



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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed or supplemented. The securities described in this prospectus cannot be sold until the registration statement that we have filed to cover the securities has become effective under the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. This prospectus is not an offer to sell the securities, nor is it a solicitation of an offer to buy the securities in any jurisdiction where an offer or sale is not permitted.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED FEBRUARY 14, 2005

 

PROSPECTUS

 

Shares of Common Stock

 

LOGO

 


 

This is our initial public offering. We are offering              shares of our common stock and the selling stockholders are offering              shares of our common stock. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders.

 

We expect the public offering price to be between $             and $             per share. Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. We intend to apply to list our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “JRT.”

 

We are managed by an affiliate of J.E. Robert Company, Inc. We are organized and conduct our operations to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes.

 

Investing in our common stock involves risks. See “ Risk Factors ” beginning on page 10 of this prospectus for a discussion of those risks.

 


 

     Per Share

   Total

Public offering price

   $      $  

Underwriting discount

   $      $  

Proceeds to us, before expenses

   $      $  

Proceeds to selling stockholders, before expenses

   $      $  

 

We expect delivery of the shares of common stock to be on or about                     , 2005.

 

We have granted the underwriters a 30 day option from the date of this prospectus to purchase up to an additional shares of our common stock at the offering price less the underwriting discount to cover over-allotments, if any.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission, any state securities commission, nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

F RIEDMAN B ILLINGS R AMSEY

The date of this prospectus is                     , 2005


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

SUMMARY

   1

RISK FACTORS

   10

USE OF PROCEEDS

   32

CAPITALIZATION

   33

DISTRIBUTION POLICY

   34

DILUTION

   35

SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

   36

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

   37

OUR COMPANY

   44

OPERATING POLICIES AND STRATEGIES

   56

OUR MANAGER AND THE MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT

   59

MANAGEMENT

   67

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

   73

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

   74

SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

   75

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

   76

SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

   81

IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR CHARTER AND BY-LAWS

   83

FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

   86

ERISA CONSIDERATIONS

   106

UNDERWRITING

   108

LEGAL MATTERS

   111

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

   111

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

   F-1

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. Neither we nor the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide you with different or additional information. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to purchase, the securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction to or from any person to whom or from whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation of an offer in such jurisdiction. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front cover of this prospectus. Neither the delivery of this prospectus nor any distribution of securities pursuant to this prospectus shall, under any circumstances, create any implication that there has been no change in the information set forth in this prospectus or in our affairs since the date of this prospectus.

 

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SUMMARY

 

The following summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. You should read the entire prospectus, including “Risk Factors,” before making a decision to invest in our common stock. In this prospectus, unless the context suggests otherwise, references to “our company,” “the company,” “we,” “us” and “our” mean JER Investors Trust Inc. Unless indicated otherwise, the information included in this prospectus assumes no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase up to                      additional shares of our common stock and that the common stock to be sold in this offering is sold at $     per share, which is the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.

 

Our Company

 

We are a specialty finance company organized primarily to originate and acquire real estate debt securities and loans. We are externally managed and advised by JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC, an affiliate of J.E. Robert Company, Inc. We refer in this prospectus to J.E. Robert Company, Inc. and its affiliates collectively as “JER.” JER is a fully integrated real estate investment management firm founded in 1981. We will continue to capitalize on the knowledge and substantial resources of JER. We intend to capitalize on the growing volume and complexity of commercial real estate structured finance products by investing primarily in loans and debt securities that we believe will yield attractive risk-adjusted returns. Our target investments include commercial real estate structured finance products such as commercial mortgage backed securities (commonly known as CMBS), mezzanine loans and B-Note participations in mortgage loans, as well as commercial mortgage loans, loans to real estate companies, preferred equity and net-leased real estate. We may also invest in residential mortgages and related securities.

 

We were organized in April 2004 and completed a private placement of our common stock in June 2004. We have fully invested the proceeds from the private placement and have acquired a portfolio of CMBS, mezzanine loans and B-Note participations in mortgage loans.

 

Since raising our initial equity in June 2004, we have invested approximately $214.2 million in commercial real estate debt securities and loans. As of December 31, 2004, we had invested in the following:

 

     Estimated
Fair Value


   % of Our Total
Investments


    Estimated Yield
to Maturity


 
     (dollars in
thousands)
            

CMBS

                   

BBB

   $ 66,611    33.8 %   5.5 %

BB

     40,714    20.7 %   7.4 %

B

     37,213    18.9 %   10.6 %

Non-rated

     22,532    11.4 %   14.7 %
    

  

     

CMBS

     167,070    84.8 %   8.3 %

Mezzanine loans

     29,865    15.2 %   9.9 %
    

  

     

Total at December 31, 2004

   $ 196,935    100.0 %   8.5 %
    

  

     

 

Note: The table above does not reflect the consolidation of any of the trusts that issued the CMBS we purchased. Our September 30, 2004 audited financial statements included in this prospectus consolidate the full $643.3 million in CMBS issued by a Re-REMIC trust, from which we purchased $18.4 million of CMBS.

 

 

Additionally, in January 2005, we acquired a $34 million B-Note participation in a $176.5 million mortgage loan. We sold 50% of our B-Note participation to an unaffiliated third party in February 2005 at par.

 

Our investments generally are secured, directly or indirectly, by individual real estate properties or portfolios of real estate properties with a loan to value ratio ranging from 60% to 90%. We currently finance our investments with short-term warehouse facilities, but we intend to use match-funded financing structures, such as

 

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collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs. Our strategy is to maximize the difference between the yield on our investments and the cost of financing these investments. Our objective is to generate cash for distribution, increase net asset value per share and provide attractive total returns to our stockholders.

 

Competitive Strengths

 

We believe that our competitive strengths include:

 

    Strong Management Team . The principal executives of our manager have an average of more than 18 years of experience in real estate investing and finance, including significant experience in CMBS investment, private equity investment, capital markets, transaction structuring and risk management, providing us with significant expertise in key areas of our business.

 

    Disciplined Underwriting . Established in 1981, JER’s significant experience as a real estate investor provides us with the expertise to implement our detailed underwriting approach. The non-investment grade nature of certain CMBS and mezzanine loans increases the importance of underwriting both the borrower and underlying real estate assets.

 

    Match-Funded Financing Discipline . In order to reduce the potential impact of changes in interest rates, we seek to finance our investments with debt whose term and interest rate characteristics closely match those of the cash flows from our investments. Our primary strategy for achieving match-funded liabilities is through the use of collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs, or other similar secured non-recourse structures.

 

    Access to JER’s Extensive Relationships . JER’s extensive relationships with participants in the real estate industry and participants in real estate financing also provides us access to significant investment and financing opportunities. In addition, our relationship with JER provides us access to JER’s extensive relationships with major financial institutions that provide both short-term lending facilities as well as long-term structured debt capabilities through the issuance of CDOs. These relationships are important in structuring debt programs to achieve our goals of match-funding our debt and our investments.

 

    Special Servicer Expertise . JER currently has the highest special servicer ratings from both Fitch Investor’s Service, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s, Inc. As an experienced special servicer, JER has gained in-depth knowledge of debt, loan participation and syndication documentation, intercreditor agreements, bankruptcy and other creditor rights issues. We believe this expertise provides us a competitive advantage in structuring our investments.

 

Targeted Investments

 

    CMBS . Within the CMBS market, we intend to focus on (i) non-investment grade classes, including the BB rated, B rated and non-rated classes, which together typically total 3% to 6% of the principal amount of a CMBS issuance and (ii) BBB rated classes, which typically total 3% to 4% of the principal amount of a CMBS issuance. Unleveraged yields on these investments generally will range from 300 to 900 basis points over the applicable interest rate index for non-investment grade classes and 75 to 150 basis points over the applicable index for BBB rated classes. According to Commercial Mortgage Alert (January 7, 2005), CMBS issuance in the United States averaged approximately $68 billion per year from 2000 through 2004 and increased by a compound annual growth rate of more than 17% over that same five-year period. We believe that CMBS issuance will continue to increase over the next several years.

 

   

Mezzanine Loans . We intend to originate and invest in mezzanine loans, which are subordinate to conventional first mortgage loans and senior to the borrower’s equity. A mezzanine loan is typically

 

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secured by a subordinate mortgage on the property or the borrower’s ownership interest in the property owner. Unleveraged yields on these investments generally range from 500 to 1,100 basis points over the applicable index and are either on a floating or a fixed rate basis.

 

    B-Notes . “B-Notes” are junior participations in a first mortgage loan on a single property or group of related properties. The B-Note market has grown substantially in recent years with the expansion of the securitization market. The senior participation is known as the “A-Note.” The B-Note shares a single borrower and mortgage with the A-Note and is secured by the same collateral. B-Note investments bear interest at a rate that is generally 250 to 600 basis points over the applicable index and are either on a floating or fixed rate basis.

 

    Bridge Loans . We intend to provide bridge loans to borrowers who are typically seeking short-term capital to be used in the acquisition, construction or redevelopment of a property. We expect our bridge loans to be predominantly secured by first mortgage liens on the property and provide interest rates with premiums ranging from 350 to 550 basis points over the applicable index.

 

    Net Leased Real Estate . We expect to make investments in net leased real estate assets. JER’s underwriting experience with this class of assets also allows us to pursue assets with lease terms of under 10 years. We expect our initial unleveraged yields on net leased real estate to generally range from 7.0% to 11.0% per year.

 

    Other Real Estate Structured Finance Products . We may invest in other real estate structured finance products, including preferred equity, commercial mortgage loans, residential mortgages and related securities and loans to real estate companies that are not specific to a particular property. We may acquire portfolios of performing mortgage loans at a discount where we believe we can achieve appropriate risk adjusted returns. We may also make investments in real estate-related operating companies, including REITs. These investments may take the form of secured debt, preferred stock and other hybrid instruments such as corporate mezzanine loans.

 

Our Manager

 

We are externally managed and advised by JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC, an affiliate of JER. Founded in 1981, JER is a fully integrated real estate investment management firm with more than 23 years of experience in sourcing, underwriting and managing a broad spectrum of real estate debt products and equity investments. During the 1980s and early 1990s, JER was retained by U.S. governmental agencies, including the U.S. Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Company, the U.S. Resolution Trust Corporation and the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, to manage and liquidate non-performing financial assets. Starting in 1991, JER managed portfolios of performing, sub-performing and non-performing mortgage loans and real estate assets for other institutional investors. In addition to identifying investment opportunities for these investors, JER was responsible for overseeing the due diligence, valuation, acquisition, asset management and disposition of the investments. JER currently has the highest special servicer ratings from Fitch Investors Service, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s, Inc. rating services, and has served as special servicer or asset manager for over 30 securitized pools of non-performing and performing commercial loans with a par value at issuance of over $15 billion. Since 1997, JER has primarily conducted its real estate investment management activities on a global basis through a series of private equity funds, which we refer to as the JER Funds.

 

JER has more than 150 employees and is headquartered in McLean, Virginia, with additional offices in California, Connecticut, Texas, France, Mexico and the United Kingdom.

 

As of December 31, 2004, our chairman, Joseph E. Robert, Jr., our manager and other affiliates of JER owned approximately 11.6% of our common stock.

 

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Management Agreement

 

A management agreement governs the relationship between our company and our manager and describes the services to be provided by our manager and its compensation for those services. The management agreement requires our manager to oversee our business affairs in conformity with the policies and the investment guidelines that are approved and monitored by our board of directors.

 

The management agreement has an initial term of two years, expiring on June 4, 2006, and will automatically be renewed for one-year terms thereafter unless terminated by either us or our manager upon at least 180 days prior notice. We are able to terminate the management agreement without cause only after the initial two-year term and upon payment of a substantial termination fee.

 

Our manager is entitled to receive a base management fee from us, incentive compensation based on certain performance criteria and a termination fee if we decide to terminate the management agreement without cause. The following table summarizes the fees payable to our manager pursuant to the management agreement:

 

Fee


  

Summary Description


Base Management Fee

   The base management fee is payable monthly in an amount equal to 1/12 of the sum of (i) 2.0% of the first $400 million of our equity, (ii) 1.5% of our equity in excess of $400 million and up to $800 million and (iii) 1.25% of our equity in excess of $800 million.

Incentive Fee

   The incentive fee is payable quarterly in an amount equal to the product of: (i) 25% of the dollar amount by which (a) Funds From Operations for such quarter per share of common stock exceed (b) an amount equal to (A) the weighted average of prices per share of common stock in all offerings multiplied by (B) the greater of (1) 2.25% or (2) .875% plus one fourth of the ten-year U.S. treasury rate (as defined) for such quarter, multiplied by (ii) the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during such quarter.

Termination Fee

   The termination fee, payable for termination without cause or non-renewal of the management agreement, shall be equal to four times the sum of the base management fee and the incentive fee for the 12-month period preceding the date of termination.

 

Conflicts of Interest

 

JER currently manages and invests in, and will continue to manage and invest in, other entities, including real estate-related investment entities. In addition, our chairman and our other officers also serve as officers and/or directors of these other entities. In particular, JER, in its capacity as general partner of the JER Funds, is currently in the process of making investments in a wide range of commercial real estate equity and debt assets for JER Fund III, one of the JER Funds. The JER Fund III partnership agreement restricts JER’s ability to form another pooled investment fund with investment objectives substantially similar to those of JER Fund III. However, JER is permitted by the JER Fund III partnership agreement to manage an entity that, like us, invests primarily in (a) residential mortgages and related securities and (b) CMBS and other related loans issued in connection with conduit securitizations. The JER Fund III partnership agreement may limit our ability to invest in real estate structured finance products other than (a) residential mortgages and related securities and (b) CMBS and other related loans issued in connection with conduit securitizations because, pursuant to the agreement, we must invest primarily in those classes of investments. This may require us to forego desirable investment opportunities and subject us to the risk that we will be limited in our ability to refocus our investment strategy if trends in the availability and performance of residential mortgages and related securities and conduit securitization investments make such a change desirable.

 

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Certain investments appropriate for us may also be appropriate for JER Fund III. While we target primarily conduit commercial mortgage backed securities, mezzanine loans, B-Notes, bridge loans, preferred equity, loans to real estate companies, mortgage loans, net leased real estate assets and residential mortgages and related securities, JER Fund III seeks to invest in direct ownership of real estate, non-conduit commercial mortgage backed securities, equity securities, preferred equity and high yield debt (typically with equity participation). JER has developed a conflicts policy in an effort to provide fair treatment of us and JER Fund III with respect to investment allocation. Under the conflicts policy, to the extent that a specific investment opportunity is determined to be suitable for and advantageous to us and JER Fund III, JER will allocate the investment opportunity equally between us and JER Fund III wherever reasonably practicable. Where JER determines that an equal allocation is not reasonably practicable, JER will allocate that investment in a manner that it determines in good faith to be fair and reasonable. JER will also apply the foregoing allocation procedures between us and any future investment funds, companies or vehicles or other entities that it controls with which we have overlapping investment objectives.

 

In addition, so long as the management agreement is in effect, JER has agreed not to raise, sponsor or advise any new investment fund, company or vehicle (including any REIT) that invests primarily in conduit CMBS and other related loan products in the United States. For a more detailed discussion of our conflicts of interest, see “Our Manager and the Management Agreement—Conflicts of Interest in Our Relationship with Our Manager.”

 

Summary Risk Factors

 

An investment in shares of our common stock involves various material risks. You should consider carefully the risks discussed below and under “Risk Factors” before purchasing our common stock:

 

    We have a limited operating history and limited experience operating a REIT or a public company and may not operate successfully.

 

    We are dependent upon our manager and certain key personnel of JER provided to us through our manager and may not find a suitable replacement if our manager terminates the management agreement or key personnel are no longer available to us.

 

    There are conflicts of interest in our relationship with JER and our manager that could result in decisions that are not in the best interest of our stockholders, such as conflicts in allocating investments that may also be suitable for JER or in allocating time of officers between us and JER.

 

    The conflicts of interest policy developed by JER and the JER Fund III partnership agreement may limit the type of investments we make and may impact our ability to comply with REIT requirements and restrictions and with the Investment Company Act.

 

    Our board of directors has approved very broad investment guidelines for our manager and does not approve each investment decision made by our manager.

 

    Our investments in mortgage backed securities are subject to the risks of delinquency and foreclosure, which could subject us to losses.

 

    Investments in mezzanine loans and B-Notes involve greater risks of loss than senior loans secured by income producing properties.

 

    We expect to incur significant debt to finance our investments, which will subject us to increased risk of loss and reduce the cash available for distributions to our stockholders.

 

    We may not be able to access financing sources on favorable terms, or at all, which could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan.

 

    We may not be able to acquire eligible securities for a CDO issuance, or may not be able to issue CDO securities on attractive terms that closely match fund the duration of our assets and liabilities, which may require us to seek more costly financing for our investments or to liquidate assets.

 

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    Interest rate fluctuations may reduce the returns on our investments and cause losses.

 

    We are subject to significant competition and we may not compete successfully.

 

    Future sales of shares of our common stock, including up to shares eligible for resale by our existing stockholders upon effectiveness of our resale registration statement within 90 days after the completion of this offering, may depress the price of our shares.

 

    Our failure to qualify as a REIT would result in higher taxes and reduced cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

 

    Maintenance of our Investment Company Act exemption imposes limits on our operations.

 

    The stock ownership limit for REITs imposed by the Internal Revenue Code and our charter may reduce the liquidity of our common stock and restrict business combination opportunities.

 

    Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive business opportunities.

 

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The Offering

 

Common stock we are offering

                shares

Common stock offered by selling stockholders

                shares

Total shares offered

                shares

Common stock to be outstanding after this offering

                shares(1)

Use of proceeds

   We estimate that the net proceeds from our sale of shares of common stock in this offering, at an assumed initial public offering price of $         per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the underwriting discount and other estimated offering expenses, will be approximately $         million. If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, we estimate that our net proceeds will be approximately $         million.
     We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock by the selling stockholders.
     We intend to use all of the net proceeds from this offering to repay outstanding indebtedness under our two master repurchase agreements.

Proposed New York Stock Exchange Symbol

   “JRT”

(1) Includes 5,000 shares of restricted stock granted to our independent directors pursuant to our incentive plan that have not yet vested.

 

Tax Status

 

We intend to elect to be treated as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet various tax law requirements, including, among others, requirements relating to the nature of our assets, the sources of our income, the timing and amount of distributions that we make and the composition of our stockholders. As a REIT, we generally are not subject to federal income tax on income that we distribute to our stockholders on a current basis. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates, and we may be precluded from qualifying as a REIT for the subsequent four taxable years following the year during which we lost our qualification. Further, even to the extent that we qualify as a REIT, we will be subject to tax at normal corporate rates on net income or capital gains not distributed to our stockholders, and we may be subject to other taxes, including payroll taxes, and state and local income, franchise, property, sales and other taxes. Moreover, we may have subsidiary entities that are subject to federal income taxation and to various other taxes. Any dividends received from us, with limited exceptions, will not be eligible for taxation at the preferred capital gain rates that currently apply, pursuant to legislation enacted in 2003, to dividends received by individuals, trusts and estates from taxable corporations. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

 

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Restrictions on Ownership of Our Capital Stock

 

Due to limitations on the concentration of ownership of a REIT imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, our charter generally prohibits any stockholder from directly or indirectly owning more than 9.8% of the aggregate value of our outstanding capital stock, referred to in this prospectus as the stock ownership limit. Our board of directors has discretion to grant exemptions from the ownership limit, subject to terms and conditions as it deems appropriate.

 

Distribution Policy

 

We generally need to distribute at least 90% of our net taxable income each year (subject to certain adjustments) so as to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. We may, under certain circumstances, make a distribution of capital or of assets. Distributions will be made at the discretion of our board of directors. No distributions have been made to date.

 


 

We were incorporated in the State of Maryland on April 19, 2004. Our principal executive offices are located at 1650 Tysons Blvd., Suite 1600, McLean, Virginia 22102. Our telephone number is (703) 714-8000. We will maintain a web site at             . Information at our web site is not and should not be considered part of this prospectus.

 

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Summary Consolidated Financial Information

 

The following table presents summary historical consolidated financial information as of September 30, 2004 and for the period from April 19, 2004 (inception) to September 30, 2004, which we refer to in this prospectus as the period ended September 30, 2004. The summary historical consolidated financial information presented below under the captions “Consolidated Income Statement Data” and “Consolidated Balance Sheet Data” have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. In addition, since the information presented below is only a summary and does not provide all of the information contained in our historical consolidated financial statements, including the related notes, you should read it in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our historical consolidated financial statements, including the related notes, included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

     Period from April 19, 2004
(inception) to
September 30, 2004


 
     (in thousands, except
per share data)
 

Consolidated Income Statement Data:

        

Total revenues

   $ 7,956  

Expenses:

        

Interest

     6,669  

Management fees

     1,066  

General and administrative

     1,228  

Stock compensation

     5,119  
    


Total expenses

   $ 14,082  

Net loss available to common stockholders

   $ (6,126 )

Earnings (loss) per share:

        

Basic

   $ (0.74 )

Diluted

   $ (0.74 )

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:

        

Basic

     8,307  

Diluted

     8,307  
     As of September 30, 2004

 
     (in thousands)  

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

        

Total CMBS

   $ 647,636  

Less: Bonds payable

     (623,358 )

Other net assets related to Re-REMIC, including debt issuance costs

     6,666  

Less: Unrealized gain on CMBS

     (3,673 )
    


Net CMBS investment

   $ 27,271  

Total Assets

   $ 791,041  

Stockholders’ equity

   $ 162,793  

 

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RISK FACTORS

 

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following information, together with the other information contained in this prospectus, before buying shares of our common stock. In connection with the forward-looking statements that appear in this prospectus, you should also carefully review the cautionary statement referred to under “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

 

Risks Relating to Our Management and our Relationship with JER

 

We are dependent upon our manager and certain key personnel of JER provided to us through our manager and may not find a suitable replacement if our manager terminates the management agreement or such key personnel are no longer available to us.

 

We have no employees. All of our officers are employees of JER. We have no separate facilities and are completely reliant on JER, which has significant discretion as to the implementation of our operating policies and strategies. Mr. Robert is the sole stockholder of J.E. Robert Company, Inc. J.E. Robert Company, Inc. and Mr. Robert are the only members of our manager, and as a result, Mr. Robert is in a position to control the policies, decision making and operations of our manager. We are subject to the risk that our manager will terminate the management agreement and that no suitable replacement will be found to manage us. We believe that our success depends to a significant extent upon the experience of certain of JER’s executive officers, whose continued service is not guaranteed. If our manager terminates the management agreement or key officers leave our manager, we may be unable to execute our business plan.

 

There are conflicts of interest in our relationship with JER and our manager, which could result in decisions that are not in the best interests of our stockholders.

 

The chairman and another member of our board and each of our executive officers also serve as officers of our manager and other JER affiliates. At the time of our formation when our management agreement, incentive plan, conflicts policy and other organizational matters were approved for us, Mr. Robert, the sole stockholder of J.E. Robert Company, Inc., was our sole stockholder and our sole director. As a result, these matters were not negotiated at arm’s length, and their terms, including fees payable to our manager, may not be as favorable to us as if they had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party. In addition, we may enter into transactions in the future with JER and its affiliates that may result in conflicts of interest.

 

JER currently manages and invests in, and will continue to manage and invest in, other real estate-related investment entities and is not required to devote a specific amount of time to us. In addition, our chairman and our other officers also serve as officers and/or directors of these other entities. In particular, JER, in its capacity as general partner of the JER Funds, is currently in the process of making investments in a wide range of commercial real estate equity and debt assets for JER Fund III, one of the JER Funds. The JER Fund III partnership agreement restricts JER’s ability to form another pooled investment fund with investment objectives substantially similar to those of JER Fund III. However, JER is permitted by the JER Fund III partnership agreement to manage an entity that, like us, invests primarily in (a) residential mortgages and related securities and (b) CMBS and other related loans issued in connection with conduit securitizations. The JER Fund III partnership agreement defines “conduit securitizations” as CMBS collateralized primarily by newly originated loans (i) issued for the purposes of securitizations, (ii) with fixed interest rates and maturities of seven to ten years and (iii) with loan to value ratios generally averaging approximately 75% and debt service coverage ratios generally averaging 1.25% based on net cash flow from the underlying real estate, all as reasonably determined by JER as general partner acting in good faith. The JER Fund III partnership agreement may limit our ability to invest in real estate structured finance products other than (a) residential mortgages and related securities and (b) CMBS and other related loans issued in connection with conduit securitizations because, pursuant to the agreement, we must invest primarily in those classes of investments. This may require us to forego desirable

 

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investment opportunities and subject us to the risk that we will be limited in our ability to refocus our investment strategy if trends in the availability and performance of residential mortgages and related securities and conduit securitization investments make such a change desirable.

 

While we target primarily conduit commercial mortgage backed securities, mezzanine loans, bridge loans, B-Notes, preferred equity, corporate loans, mortgage loans and net leased real estate and residential mortgages and related securities, JER Fund III generally seeks to invest in direct ownership of real estate, non-conduit commercial mortgage backed securities, equity securities, preferred equity and high yield debt (typically with equity participation). The investments we pursue may overlap with the investment objectives of JER Fund III. To the extent that specific investment opportunities are determined by JER to be suitable for and advantageous to us and JER Fund III, JER will allocate the opportunities equally between us and JER Fund III wherever reasonably practicable. Where JER determines that an equal allocation is not reasonably practicable, JER will allocate that investment in a manner that it determines in good faith to be fair and reasonable. JER will also apply the foregoing allocation procedures between us and any future investment funds, companies or vehicles or other entities that it controls with which we have overlapping investment objectives. JER may nonetheless allocate investments potentially of value for us to JER Fund III under its conflicts policy. JER may also alter the policy at any time without notice to or input from us or our stockholders.

 

We will pay our manager substantial base management fees regardless of the performance of our portfolio. In addition, the incentive management compensation structure that we have agreed to with our manager may cause our manager to invest in high risk investments. In addition to its base management fee, our manager is entitled to receive incentive compensation based upon our achievement of targeted levels of funds from operations. In evaluating investments and other management strategies, the opportunity to earn incentive compensation based on funds from operations may lead our manager to place undue emphasis on the maximization of funds from operations at the expense of other criteria, such as preservation of capital, in order to achieve higher incentive compensation. Investments with higher yield potential are generally riskier or more speculative. This could result in increased risk to the value of our investment portfolio.

 

Termination of the management agreement with our manager without cause or non-renewal of the management agreement is costly. We may terminate the management agreement without cause only upon the completion of the initial term of the management agreement, which is June 4, 2006. After that time, the management agreement renews automatically and we must give our manager 180 days prior notice of any termination or non-renewal and pay a termination fee, within 90 days of termination, equal to four times the sum of the base management fee and the incentive fee for the 12-month period preceding the date of termination, calculated as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter prior to the date of termination. We also must pay the termination fee if we fail to renew the agreement upon expiration of the initial term or subsequent terms. In addition, following any termination of the management agreement, we must pay our manager all compensation accruing to the date of the termination. These provisions increase the effective cost to us of terminating or electing not to renew the management agreement, thereby adversely affecting our ability to terminate our manager without cause, even if we believe the manager’s performance is not satisfactory.

 

The conflicts of interest policy developed by JER and the JER Fund III partnership agreement may limit the type of investments we make and may impact our ability to comply with REIT requirements and restrictions and with the Investment Company Act.

 

We must abide by the terms of the conflicts of interest policy developed by JER with respect to conflicts of interest with JER Fund III. The conflicts policy may at times prevent us from acquiring 100% of certain attractive investments because the policy requires that investments determined to be appropriate for both us and JER Fund III be allocated equally between us and JER Fund III whenever reasonably practicable. In addition, where JER determines that it is not reasonably practicable to equally allocate an investment, that investment may be allocated solely to JER Fund III. Because we are limited by the terms of the JER Fund III partnership

 

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agreement to primarily invest in (a) residential mortgages and related securities and (b) CMBS and other related loans issued in connection with conduit securitizations (unless it can be determined that the investments we pursue will not overlap with the investment objectives of JER Fund III), it may be difficult for us to avoid the registration requirements of the Investment Company Act or satisfy the REIT requirements of the tax laws. This requirement may also cause us to forego desirable investment opportunities and subject us to the risk that we may be limited in our ability to refocus our investment strategy if needed.

 

Our board of directors has approved very broad investment guidelines for our manager and does not approve each investment decision made by our manager.

 

Our manager is authorized to follow very broad investment guidelines. Our directors will periodically review our investment guidelines and our investment portfolio. However, our board does not review each proposed investment. In addition, in conducting periodic reviews, the directors will rely primarily on information provided to them by our manager. Furthermore, transactions entered into by our manager may be difficult or impossible to unwind by the time they are reviewed by the directors. Our manager has great latitude within the broad investment guidelines in determining the types of assets it may decide are proper investments for us.

 

We may change our investment strategy without stockholder consent, which may result in riskier investments.

 

We may change our investment strategy at any time without the consent of our stockholders, which could result in our making investments that are different from, and possibly riskier than, the investments described in this prospectus. A change in our investment strategy may increase our exposure to interest rate and real estate market fluctuations.

 

We may change our operational policies without stockholder consent, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

Our board of directors determines our operational policies and may amend or revise our policies, including our policies with respect to our REIT status, acquisitions, growth, operations, indebtedness, capitalization and distributions or approve transactions that deviate from these policies, without a vote of, or notice to, our stockholders. Operational policy changes could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

Risks Relating to Our Business Strategy

 

We have a limited operating history and limited experience operating a REIT or a public company and may not operate successfully.

 

We were organized in April 2004 and have a limited operating history. Our results of operations depend on many factors, including the performance of our assets, the availability of opportunities for the acquisition of additional assets, the level and volatility of interest rates, readily accessible short and long term financing, conditions in the financial markets and economic conditions, and we may not operate successfully. Our senior management team has limited experience with the complex rules and regulations governing public companies in general and REITs in particular.

 

We expect to incur significant debt to finance our investments, which may subject us to increased risk of loss. and reduce cash available for distributions to our stockholders.

 

We intend to leverage our assets through borrowings, generally through the use of bank credit facilities, repurchase agreements and the issuance of CDOs. The percentage of leverage varies depending on our ability to obtain credit facilities and the lender’s estimate of the stability of the portfolio’s cash flow. Our return on our investments and cash available for distribution to our stockholders may be reduced to the extent that changes in

 

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market conditions cause the cost of our financing to increase relative to the income that can be derived from the assets acquired.

 

Our debt service payments reduce cash available for distribution to stockholders. For the period from inception (April 19, 2004) to December 31, 2004, no debt service payments were due on the $39.2 million that we borrowed on December 28, 2004 related to our repurchase agreements. We may not be able to meet our debt service obligations and, to the extent that we cannot, we risk the loss of some or all of our assets to foreclosure or sale to satisfy our debt obligations.

 

While we intend to maintain target debt-to-equity ratios of approximately three-to-one on an unconsolidated basis, our governing documents contain no limitation on the amount of debt we may incur, and our board of directors may change our debt policy at any time without stockholder approval. In addition, we may leverage individual assets at substantially higher levels. Incurring debt could subject us to many risks, including the risks that:

 

    our cash flow from operations will be insufficient to make required payments of principal and interest, resulting in the loss of some or all of our assets to foreclosure or sale in order to satisfy our debt obligations;

 

    our debt may increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions;

 

    we may be required to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing funds available for operations and capital expenditures, future business opportunities or other purposes;

 

    the terms of any refinancing will not be as favorable as the terms of the debt being refinanced; and

 

    the use of leverage could adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders and the market price of our common stock.

 

We leverage certain of our investments through repurchase agreements. A decrease in the value of the assets may lead to margin calls that we will have to satisfy. We may not have the funds available to satisfy these margin calls.

 

We may not be able to access financing on favorable terms, or at all, which could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan.

 

We expect to finance our assets over the long-term through a variety of means, including credit facilities, issuance of CDOs and other structured financings. Our ability to execute this strategy depends on various conditions in the markets that are beyond our control, including liquidity and credit spreads. We cannot assure you that these markets will remain an efficient source of long-term financing for our assets. If our strategy is not viable, we will have to find alternative forms of long-term financing for our assets, as secured revolving credit facilities and repurchase facilities may not accommodate long-term financing. This could subject us to more recourse indebtedness and the risk that debt service on less efficient forms of financing would require a larger portion of our cash flows, thereby reducing cash available for distribution to our stockholders, funds available for operations as well as for future business opportunities.

 

Interest rate fluctuations could reduce our ability to generate income on our investments and may cause losses.

 

Our primary interest rate exposures relate to our loans, mortgage backed securities and variable-rate debt, as well as our interest rate swaps that we utilize for hedging purposes. Changes in interest rates will affect our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income we earn on our interest-earning investments and the interest expense we incur in financing these investments. Changes in the level of interest rates also may affect our ability to originate and acquire assets, the value of our assets and our ability to realize gains from the

 

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disposition of assets. In a period of rising interest rates, our interest expense could increase, while the interest we earn on our fixed-rate debt investments would not change, adversely affecting our profitability.

 

Our operating results depend in large part on differences between the income from our assets, net of credit losses, and our financing costs. We anticipate that, in most cases, for any period during which our assets are not match-funded, the income from such assets will respond more slowly to interest rate fluctuations than the cost of our borrowings. Consequently, changes in interest rates, particularly short-term interest rates, may significantly influence our net income. Increases in these rates will tend to decrease our net income and market value of our assets. Interest rate fluctuations resulting in our interest expense exceeding interest income would result in operating losses for us.

 

If credit spreads widen before we obtain long-term financing for our net assets, the value of our net assets may suffer.

 

We price our net assets based on our assumptions about future levels of credit spreads for longer term fixed rate financing of those assets. We expect to obtain longer term financing for these assets at a spread over a certain benchmark, such as the yield on United States Treasury bonds, swaps, or the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR). If the spread that investors will pay over the benchmark widens and the rates we charge on our loans or the income we generate from our other assets are not increased accordingly, we may experience a material adverse effect on our income and a reduction in the economic value of the assets that we have originated or acquired.

 

We may not be able to acquire eligible securities for a CDO issuance, or may not be able to issue CDO securities on attractive terms that closely match fund the duration of our assets and liabilities, which may require us to seek more costly financing for our investments or to liquidate assets.

 

We intend to finance our real estate securities on a long-term basis, such as through the issuance of CDOs. We will initially finance our investments with relatively short-term credit facilities. We use these short term facilities to finance the acquisition of real estate securities until a sufficient quantity of securities is accumulated, at which time we intend to refinance these facilities through a securitization, such as a CDO issuance, or other long-term financing. As a result, we are subject to the risk that we will not be able to acquire, during the period that our short-term facilities are available, a sufficient amount of eligible securities to maximize the efficiency of a CDO issuance. We also bear the risk that we will not be able to obtain short-term credit facilities or may not be able to renew any short-term credit facilities after they expire should we find it necessary to extend our short-term credit facilities to allow more time to seek and acquire the necessary eligible securities for a long term financing. Inability to renew our short-term credit facilities may require us to seek more costly financing for our investments or to liquidate assets. In addition, conditions in the capital markets may make the issuance of a CDO less attractive to us when we do have a sufficient pool of collateral. If we are unable to issue a CDO to finance these assets, we may be required to seek other forms of potentially less attractive financing or otherwise to liquidate the assets.

 

The use of CDO financings with over-collateralization requirements may have a negative impact on our cash flow.

 

The terms of the CDOs we intend to issue generally provide that the principal amount of assets must exceed the principal balance of the related bonds by a certain amount. This excess collateral requirement is commonly referred to as “over-collateralization.” The CDO terms provide that, if certain delinquencies or losses exceed the specified levels based on rating agencies’ (or the financial guaranty insurer’s, if applicable) analyses of the characteristics of the assets pledged to collateralize the bonds, the required level of over-collateralization may be increased or may be prevented from decreasing as would otherwise be permitted if losses or delinquencies did not exceed those levels. Other tests (based on delinquency levels or other criteria) may restrict our ability to receive net income from assets pledged to secure CDOs. We cannot assure you that the performance tests will be

 

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satisfied. Nor can we assure you, in advance of completing negotiations with the rating agencies or other key transaction parties on our future CDO financings, the actual terms of the delinquency tests, over-collateralization terms, cash flow release mechanisms or other significant factors regarding the calculation of net income to us. Failure to obtain favorable terms with regard to these matters may materially and adversely affect our net income. If our assets fail to perform as anticipated, our over-collateralization or other credit enhancement expense associated with our CDO financings will increase.

 

We may be required to repurchase loans that we have sold to indemnify holders of our CDOs.

 

If any of the loans we originate or acquire and sell or securitize do not comply with representations and warranties that we make about certain characteristics of the loans, the borrowers and the underlying properties, we may be required to repurchase those loans (including from a trust vehicle used to facilitate a structured financing of the assets through CDOs) or replace them with substitute loans. In addition, in the case of loans that we have sold instead of retained, we may be required to indemnify purchasers for losses or expenses incurred as a result of a breach of a representation or warranty. Repurchased loans typically require a significant allocation of working capital to carry on our books, and our ability to borrow against such assets is limited. Any significant repurchases or indemnification payments could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

 

An increase in prepayment rates could adversely affect yields on our investments.

 

The value of our assets may be affected by prepayment rates on mortgage loans. Prepayment rates on mortgage loans are influenced by changes in interest rates and a variety of economic, geographic and other factors beyond our control, and consequently, prepayment rates cannot be predicted with certainty. In periods of declining mortgage interest rates, prepayments on mortgage loans generally increase. If general interest rates decline as well, we are likely to reinvest the proceeds of prepayments received during these periods in assets yielding less than the mortgage loans that were prepaid. In addition, the market value of the mortgage loan assets may, because of the risk of prepayment, benefit less than other fixed-income securities from declining interest rates. Conversely, in periods of rising interest rates, prepayments on mortgage loans generally decrease, in which case we would not have the prepayment proceeds available to invest in assets with higher yields. Under certain interest rate and prepayment scenarios, we may fail to recoup fully our cost of certain investments.

 

Our hedging transactions may limit our gains or result in losses.

 

We intend to use derivative instruments, including forwards, futures, swaps and options, in our risk management strategy to limit the effects of changes in interest rates on our operations. The value of our forwards, futures and swaps may fluctuate over time in response to changing market conditions, and will tend to change inversely with the value of the risk in our liabilities that we intend to hedge. Hedges are sometimes ineffective because the correlation between changes in value of the underlying investment and the derivative instrument is less than was expected when the hedging transaction was undertaken. Since most of our hedging activity is intended to cover the period between origination or purchase of loans and their eventual sale or securitization, unmatched losses in our hedging program tend to occur when the planned securitization fails to occur, or if the hedge proves to be ineffective. Losses on hedge positions will reduce cash available for distribution to stockholders and such losses may exceed amounts invested in these instruments.

 

Hedging instruments often are not traded on regulated exchanges, guaranteed by an exchange or its clearing house, or regulated by any U.S. or foreign governmental authorities and involve risks and costs.

 

The cost of using hedging instruments increases as the period covered by the instrument increases and during periods of rising and volatile interest rates. We may increase our hedging activity and thus increase our hedging costs during periods when interest rates are volatile or rising and hedging costs have increased.

 

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In addition, hedging instruments involve risk since they often are not traded on regulated exchanges, guaranteed by an exchange or its clearing house, or regulated by any U.S. or foreign governmental authorities. Consequently, there are no requirements with respect to record keeping, financial responsibility or segregation of customer funds and positions. Furthermore, the enforceability of agreements underlying derivative transactions may depend on compliance with applicable statutory and commodity and other regulatory requirements and, depending on the identity of the counterparty, applicable international requirements. The business failure of a hedging counterparty with whom we enter into a hedging transaction will most likely result in a default. Default by a party with whom we enter into a hedging transaction may result in the loss of unrealized profits and force us to cover our resale commitments, if any, at the then current market price. Although generally we will seek to reserve the right to terminate our hedging positions, it may not always be possible to dispose of or close out a hedging position without the consent of the hedging counterparty, and we may not be able to enter into an offsetting contract in order to cover our risk. We cannot assure you that a liquid secondary market will exist for hedging instruments purchased or sold, and we may be required to maintain a position until exercise or expiration, which could result in losses.

 

We are subject to significant competition and we may not compete successfully.

 

We are subject to significant competition in seeking investments. We compete with several other companies, including other REITs, insurance companies and other investors, including funds and companies affiliated with JER. Recently, there has been increased competition in the CMBS market, with many companies seeking to invest in CMBS issuances. Some of our competitors have greater resources than us and we may not be able to compete successfully for investments.

 

Risks Related to Our Investments

 

Our real estate investments are subject to risks particular to real property.

 

We own assets secured by real estate and may own real estate directly. Real estate investments will be subject to various risks, including:

 

    acts of God, including earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters, which may result in uninsured losses;

 

    acts of war or terrorism, including the consequences of terrorist attacks, such as those that occurred on September 11, 2001;

 

    adverse changes in national and local economic and market conditions;

 

    changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning ordinances and the related costs of compliance with laws and regulations, fiscal policies and ordinances;

 

    costs of remediation and liabilities associated with environmental conditions such as indoor mold; and

 

    the potential for uninsured or under insured property losses.

 

If any of these or similar events occurs, it may reduce our return from an affected property or investment and reduce or eliminate our ability to make distributions to stockholders.

 

The mortgage loans in which we invest and the mortgage loans underlying the mortgage backed securities in which we invest will be subject to delinquency, foreclosure and loss, which could result in losses to us.

 

Commercial mortgage loans are secured by multifamily or commercial property and are subject to risks of delinquency and foreclosure, and risks of loss that are greater than similar risks associated with loans made on the security of single-family residential property. The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by an income-producing property typically is dependent primarily upon the successful operation of the property rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the borrower. If the net operating income of the property is

 

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reduced, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Net operating income of an income-producing property can be affected by the risks particular to real property described above, as well as, among other things:

 

    tenant mix;

 

    success of tenant businesses;

 

    property management decisions;

 

    property location and condition;

 

    competition from comparable types of properties;

 

    changes in specific industry segments;

 

    declines in regional or local real estate values, or rental or occupancy rates; and

 

    increases in interest rates, real estate tax rates and other operating expenses.

 

In the event of any default under a mortgage loan held directly by us, we will bear a risk of loss of principal to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the collateral and the principal and accrued interest of the mortgage loan, which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow from operations and limit amounts available for distribution to our stockholders. In the event of the bankruptcy of a mortgage loan borrower, the mortgage loan to that borrower will be deemed to be secured only to the extent of the value of the underlying collateral at the time of bankruptcy (as determined by the bankruptcy court), and the lien securing the mortgage loan will be subject to the avoidance powers of the bankruptcy trustee or debtor-in-possession to the extent the lien is unenforceable under state law. Foreclosure of a mortgage loan can be an expensive and lengthy process that could have a substantial negative effect on our anticipated return on the foreclosed mortgage loan.

 

Commercial mortgage backed securities evidence interests in, or are secured by, a single commercial mortgage loan or a pool of commercial mortgage loans. Accordingly, the mortgage backed securities we invest in are subject to all of the risks of the underlying mortgage loans.

 

Our investments in subordinated mortgage backed securities could subject us to increased risk of losses.

 

In general, losses on an asset securing a mortgage loan included in a securitization will be borne first by the equity holder of the property, then by a cash reserve fund or letter of credit provided by the borrower, if any, and then by the “first loss” subordinated security holder. In the event of default and the exhaustion of any equity support, reserve fund, letter of credit and any classes of securities junior to those in which we invest, we may not be able to recover all of our investment in the securities we purchase. In addition, if the underlying mortgage portfolio has been overvalued by the originator, or if the values subsequently decline and, as a result, less collateral is available to satisfy interest and principal payments due on the related mortgage backed securities, the securities in which we invest may effectively become the “first loss” position behind the more senior securities, which may result in significant losses to us.

 

The prices of lower credit quality securities are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than more highly rated investments, but more sensitive to adverse economic downturns or individual issuer developments. A projection of an economic downturn, for example, could cause a decline in the price of lower credit quality securities because the ability of obligors of mortgages underlying mortgage backed securities to make principal and interest payments or to refinance may be impaired. In this case, existing credit support in the securitization structure may be insufficient to protect us against loss of our principal on these securities.

 

Investments in mezzanine loans involve greater risks of loss than senior loans secured by income producing properties.

 

Investments in mezzanine loans take the form of subordinated loans secured by second mortgages on the underlying property or loans secured by a pledge of the ownership interests in the entity that directly or indirectly

 

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owns the property. These types of investments involve a higher degree of risk than a senior mortgage loan because the investment may become unsecured as a result of foreclosure by the senior lender. In the event of a bankruptcy of the entity providing the pledge of its ownership interests as security, we may not have full recourse to the assets of the property owning entity, or the assets of the entity may not be sufficient to satisfy our mezzanine loan. If a borrower defaults on our mezzanine loan or debt senior to our loan, or in the event of a borrower bankruptcy, our mezzanine loan will be satisfied only after the senior debt is paid in full. As a result, we may not recover some or all of our investment, which could result in losses. In addition, mezzanine loans may have higher loan to value ratios than conventional mortgage loans, resulting in less equity in the property and increasing the risk of loss of principal.

 

The B-Notes in which we invest may be subject to additional risks relating to the privately negotiated structure and terms of the transaction, which may result in losses to us.

 

A B-Note is a mortgage loan typically (i) secured by a first mortgage on a single large commercial property or group of related properties and (ii) subordinated to an A-Note secured by the same first mortgage on the same collateral. As a result, if a borrower defaults, there may not be sufficient funds remaining for B-Note holders after payment to the A-Note holders. B-Notes reflect similar credit risks to comparably rated commercial mortgage backed securities. However, since each transaction is privately negotiated, B-Notes can vary in their structural characteristics and risks. For example, the rights of holders of B-Notes to control the process following a borrower default may be limited in certain investments. We cannot predict the terms of each B-Note investment. Further, B-Notes typically are secured by a single property, and so reflect the increased risks associated with a single property compared to a pool of properties. B-Notes also are less liquid than commercial mortgage backed securities, thus we may be unable to dispose of underperforming or non-performing investments. The higher risks associated with our subordinate position in our B-Note investments could subject us to increased risk of losses.

 

Bridge loans involve a greater risk of loss than traditional mortgage loans.

 

We may provide bridge loans secured by first lien mortgages on a property to borrowers who are typically seeking short-term capital to be used in an acquisition or renovation of real estate. The borrower has usually identified an undervalued asset that has been under-managed or is located in a recovering market. If the market in which the asset is located fails to recover according to the borrower’s projections, or if the borrower fails to improve the quality of the asset’s management or the value of the asset, the borrower may not receive a sufficient return on the asset to satisfy the bridge loan, and we may not recover some or all of our investment.

 

In addition, owners usually borrow funds under a conventional mortgage loan to repay a bridge loan. We may therefore be dependent on a borrower’s ability to obtain permanent financing to repay our bridge loan, which could depend on market conditions and other factors. Bridge loans are also subject to risks of borrower defaults, bankruptcies, fraud, losses and special hazard losses that are not covered by standard hazard insurance. In the event of any default under bridge loans held by us, we bear the risk of loss of principal and non-payment of interest and fees to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the mortgage collateral and the principal amount of the bridge loan. To the extent we suffer such losses with respect to our investments in bridge loans, the value of our company and the price of our common stock may be adversely affected.

 

Preferred equity investments involve a greater risk of loss than traditional debt financing.

 

Preferred equity investments are subordinate to debt financing and are not secured. Should the issuer default on our investment, we would only be able to proceed against the entity that issued the preferred equity in accordance with the terms of the preferred security, and not any property owned by the entity. Furthermore, in the event of bankruptcy or foreclosure, we would only be able to recoup our investment after any lenders to the entity are paid. As a result, we may not recover some or all of our investment, which could result in losses.

 

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Investments in REIT debt securities are subject to specific risks relating to the particular REIT issuer of the securities and to the general risks of investing in subordinated real estate securities, which may result in losses to us.

 

We may invest in REIT debt securities. Investments in REIT debt securities involve special risks relating to the particular REIT issuer of the securities, including the financial condition and business outlook of the issuer. Investments in REIT debt securities are subject to the inherent risks associated with real estate-related investments discussed in this prospectus, including the risks described above with respect to mortgage loans and mortgage backed securities and similar risks, including:

 

    risks of delinquency and foreclosure, and risks of loss in the event thereof;

 

    the dependence upon the successful operation of and net income from real property;

 

    risks generally incident to interests in real property; and

 

    risks specific to the type and use of a particular commercial property.

 

REIT debt securities are generally unsecured and may also be subordinated to other obligations of the issuer. We may also invest in REIT debt securities that are rated non-investment grade. As a result, investments in REIT debt securities are also subject to risks of:

 

    limited liquidity in the secondary trading market;

 

    substantial market price volatility resulting from changes in prevailing interest rates;

 

    subordination to the prior claims of banks and other senior lenders to the issuer;

 

    the operation of mandatory sinking fund or redemption provisions during periods of declining interest rates that could cause the issuer to reinvest premature redemption proceeds in lower yielding assets;

 

    the possibility that earnings of the REIT security issuer may be insufficient to meet its debt service and dividend obligations; and

 

    the declining creditworthiness and potential for insolvency of the issuer of REIT securities during periods of rising interest rates and economic downturn.

 

These risks may adversely affect the value of outstanding REIT debt securities and the ability of the issuers thereof to repay principal and interest or make dividend payments, which could reduce our ability to make distribution to our stockholders.

 

We may make investments in non-U.S. dollar denominated securities, which subject us to currency rate exposure and the uncertainty of foreign laws and markets.

 

We may purchase CMBS denominated in foreign currencies. We expect that our exposure, if any, would be principally to the British pound and the euro. A change in foreign currency exchange rates may have an adverse impact on returns on our non-dollar denominated investments. Although we may hedge our foreign currency risk subject to the REIT income qualification tests, we may not be able to do so successfully and may incur losses on these investments as a result of exchange rate fluctuations. Investments in foreign countries also subject us to risks of multiple and conflicting tax laws and regulations and political and economic instability abroad, which could adversely affect our receipt of interest income on these investments.

 

Investment in non-conforming and non-investment grade loans may involve increased risk of loss.

 

Except in rare instances, loans we may acquire or originate will not conform to conventional loan criteria applied by traditional lenders and will not be rated or will be rated as non-investment grade (for example, for investments rated by Moody’s Investors Service, ratings lower than Baa3, and for Standard & Poor’s, BBB- or below). The non-investment grade ratings for these loans typically result from the overall leverage of the loans,

 

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the lack of a strong operating history for the properties underlying the loans, the borrowers’ credit history, the properties’ underlying cash flow or other factors. As a result, loans we originate or acquire may have a higher risk of default and loss than conventional loans. Any loss we incur may reduce distributions to stockholders and adversely affect the value of our common stock. We currently anticipate investing primarily in unrated or non-investment grade assets. There are no limits on the percentage of unrated or non-investment grade assets we may hold in our portfolio.

 

Our insurance on our mortgage loans and real estate securities collateral may not cover all losses.

 

There are certain types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, terrorism or acts of war, that may be uninsurable or not economically insurable. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors, including terrorism or acts of war, also might make the insurance proceeds insufficient to repair or replace a property if it is damaged or destroyed. Under these circumstances, the insurance proceeds received might not be adequate to restore our economic position with respect to the affected real property.

 

As a result of the events of September 11, 2001, insurance companies are limiting and excluding coverage for acts of terrorism in insurance policies. As a result, we may suffer losses from acts of terrorism that are not covered by insurance. In addition, the mortgage loans that are secured by certain of our properties contain customary covenants, including covenants that require us to maintain property insurance in an amount equal to the replacement cost of the properties. There can be no assurance that the lenders under our mortgage loans will not take the position that exclusions from our coverage for losses due to terrorist acts is a breach of a covenant that, if uncured, could allow the lenders to declare an event of default and accelerate repayment of the mortgage loans.

 

Many of our investments are illiquid and we may not be able to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions.

 

The real estate securities that we purchase in connection with privately negotiated transactions are not registered under the relevant securities laws, resulting in a prohibition against their transfer, sale, pledge or other disposition except in a transaction that is exempt from the registration requirements of, or is otherwise in accordance with, those laws. A majority of the mortgage backed securities and all of the B-Notes that we purchase are traded in private, unregistered transactions and are therefore subject to restrictions on resale or otherwise have no established trading market. As a result, our ability to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions may be relatively limited. The mezzanine and bridge loans we originate are particularly illiquid investments due to their short life, their potential unsuitability for securitization and the greater difficulty of recovery in the event of a borrower’s default.

 

Lack of diversification in number of investments increases our dependence on individual investments.

 

Our investment policy allows us to invest up to 20% of our equity in any individual investment. As a result, our portfolio may be concentrated in a small number of assets, increasing the risk of loss to us and our stockholders if a default or other problem arises.

 

Liability relating to environmental matters may impact the value of our properties or the properties underlying our investments.

 

Under various federal, state and local laws, an owner or operator of real property may become liable for the costs of removal of certain hazardous substances released on its property. These laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the release of such hazardous substances.

 

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When we acquire net-leased properties directly, there may be environmental problems associated with the property of which we were unaware. The presence of hazardous substances may adversely affect an owner’s ability to sell real estate or borrow using real estate as collateral. To the extent that an owner of a property underlying one of our debt investments becomes liable for removal costs, the ability of the owner to make debt payments to us may be reduced, which in turn may adversely affect the value of the relevant mortgage asset held by us and our ability to make distributions to stockholders.

 

The presence of hazardous substances on a property may adversely affect our ability to sell the property and we may incur substantial remediation costs, thus harming our financial condition. In addition, although our leases will generally require our tenants to operate in compliance with all applicable laws and to indemnify us against any environmental liabilities arising from a tenant’s activities on the property, we nonetheless will be subject to strict liability by virtue of our ownership interest for environmental liabilities created by our tenants, and we cannot ensure you that our tenants would satisfy their indemnification obligations under the applicable sales agreement or lease. The discovery of material environmental liabilities attached to our properties could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

Our targeted investment properties and the properties underlying our investments are required to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act and fire, safety and other regulations, which may require us or them to make unintended expenditures that adversely impact their ability to make interest payments to us and our ability to pay dividends to stockholders.

 

Any properties we acquire directly, and the properties underlying our investments, are required to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act, or the ADA. The ADA has separate compliance requirements for “public accommodations” and “commercial facilities,” but generally requires that buildings be made accessible to people with disabilities. Compliance with the ADA requirements could require removal of access barriers and non-compliance could result in imposition of fines by the U.S. Government or an award of damages to private litigants, or both. While the tenants to whom we lease properties are obligated by law to comply with the ADA provisions, and we expect under our leases will be obligated to cover costs associated with compliance, if required changes involve greater expenditures than anticipated, or if the changes must be made on a more accelerated basis than anticipated, the ability of these tenants to cover costs could be adversely affected and we could be required to expend our own funds to comply with the provisions of the ADA, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition and our ability to make distributions to stockholders. In addition, we are required to operate our properties in compliance with fire and safety regulations, building codes and other land use regulations, as they may be adopted by governmental agencies and bodies and become applicable to our targeted investment properties and properties underlying our investments. We may be required to make substantial capital expenditures to comply with those requirements and these expenditures could have a material adverse effect on our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. Further, required compliance with these rules and regulations by the owners of the properties underlying our investments may reduce their funds available to make interest payments to us.

 

We may be adversely affected by unfavorable economic changes in geographic areas where the properties underlying our investments may be concentrated.

 

Adverse conditions in the areas where the properties underlying our investments are located (including business layoffs or downsizing, industry slowdowns, changing demographics and other factors) and local real estate conditions (such as oversupply of, or reduced demand for, office and industrial properties) may have an adverse effect on the value of our properties. A material decline in the demand or the ability of tenants to pay rent for office and industrial space in these geographic areas may result in a material decline in our cash available for distribution.

 

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A prolonged economic slowdown, a lengthy or severe recession or declining real estate values could harm our operations.

 

We believe the risks associated with our business will be more acute during periods of economic slowdown or recession if these periods are accompanied by declining real estate values. Declining real estate values will likely reduce our level of new mortgage loan originations, since borrowers often use increases in the value of their existing properties to support the purchase of or investment in additional properties. Further, declining real estate values significantly increase the likelihood that we will incur losses on our loans in the event of default. Any sustained period of increased payment delinquencies, foreclosures or losses could adversely affect both our net interest income from loans in our portfolio as well as our ability to originate, sell and securitize loans, which would significantly harm our revenues, results of operations, financial condition, business prospects and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure

 

Maryland takeover statutes may prevent or make difficult a change of control of our company that could be in the interests of our stockholders.

 

Under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested stockholder is defined as:

 

    any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation’s shares; or

 

    an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting stock of the corporation.

 

A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which he otherwise would have become an interested stockholder.

 

After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:

 

    80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation, voting together as a single voting group; and

 

    two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder.

 

The business combination statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of a corporation and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer, including potential acquisitions that might involve a premium price for the common stock of that corporation or otherwise be in the interest of the stockholders of that corporation.

 

We have exempted by charter provision all business combinations from the application of this statute and consequently, the five-year prohibition and the super-majority vote requirements described above will not apply to any business combination between any other party and us. However, we may, by charter amendment approved by our board of directors and our stockholders, opt into the business combination provisions of Maryland law in the future.

 

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We also have opted out of the “control share” provisions of Maryland law that provide that “control shares” of our company (defined as shares that, when aggregated with other shares controlled by the stockholder, entitle the stockholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing directors) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of “control shares”) have no voting rights except to the extent approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all interested shares. However, we may, by amendment to our by-laws, opt in to the control share provisions of Maryland law in the future without stockholder approval, which could inhibit a third party from making or completing an acquisition of us that is in the interests of our stockholders. See “Important Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws—Business Combinations” and “—Control Share Acquisitions.”

 

Our authorized but unissued common and preferred stock may prevent a change in our control.

 

Our charter authorizes us to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock. In addition, our board of directors may classify or reclassify any unissued shares of common stock or preferred stock and may set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. As a result, our board may issue additional common and preferred shares and may establish a series of preferred stock with terms that could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.

 

Maintenance of our exemption from the requirements of the Investment Company Act imposes limits on our operations.

 

We conduct our operations so as not to become regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. We believe that there are a number of exemptions under the Investment Company Act that are applicable to us. For example, Section 3(c)(5)(C) exempts from the definition of “investment company” any person who is “primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate.” Additionally, Section 3(c)(6) exempts from the definition of “investment company” any company primarily engaged, directly or through majority-owned subsidiaries, in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate. Further, Rule 3a-1 under the Investment Company Act exempts from the definition of “investment company” a company that maintains at least 55% of the value of its assets (exclusive of Government securities and cash items) in, and derives at least 55% of its net income after taxes for the past four quarters from, securities other than Government securities, securities issued by employees’ securities companies, securities issued by certain majority-owned subsidiaries of such company and securities issued by certain companies that are controlled primarily by such company, provided that certain other requirements are met. The assets that we acquire, therefore, are limited by the provisions of the Investment Company Act and the rules and regulations promulgated under the Investment Company Act. In order not to be deemed an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we must be engaged primarily in a business other than that of owning, holding, trading or investing in securities. There is uncertainty with respect to the characterization of some types of assets in which we invest as real estate under the Investment Company Act. As a result, some of the assets in which we invest could be determined to be securities, rather than interests in, or liens upon, real estate. If a sufficient amount of our assets are determined to be securities rather than interests in or liens upon real estate for purposes of the Investment Company Act, we could be characterized as an investment company, which would likely have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. The characterization of us as an investment company would require us to either (i) change the manner in which we conduct our operations to avoid being required to register as an investment company or (ii) to register as an investment company, either of which could have an adverse effect on us and the market price for our common stock.

 

Specifically, the CMBS we acquire are collateralized by pools of first mortgage loans where we can monitor the performance of the underlying mortgage loans through loan management and servicing rights, and we have appropriate workout/foreclosure rights with respect to the underlying mortgage loans. Due to these arrangements, we believe that our CMBS investments will be treated as investments in real estate for purposes of the

 

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Investment Company Act. If the SEC or its staff take a different position with respect to the characterization of the CMBS we invest in, in order to not be required to register as an investment company, we may need to dispose of a significant portion of our CMBS or acquire significant other additional assets, or we may need to modify our business plan to register as an investment company, which would result in significantly increased operating expenses and would likely entail significantly reducing our indebtedness, which could also require us to sell a significant portion of our assets. We cannot assure you that we would be able to complete these dispositions or acquisitions of assets, or deleveraging, on favorable terms, or at all. Consequently, any modification of our business plan could have a material adverse effect on us. Further, if we were determined to be an unregistered investment company, we would be subject to monetary penalties and injunctive relief in an action brought by the SEC, we may be unable to enforce contracts with third parties and third parties could seek to obtain rescission of transactions undertaken during the period it was established that we were an unregistered investment company. Any of these results would be likely to have a material adverse effect on us.

 

Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited, which could limit your recourse in the event of actions not in your best interests.

 

Under Maryland law generally, a director’s actions will be upheld if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. Our charter authorizes us to indemnify our directors and officers for actions taken by them in those capacities to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. In addition, our charter limits the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from:

 

    actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or

 

    active and deliberate dishonesty by the director or officer that was established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action adjudicated.

 

As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors and officers than might otherwise exist. Our by-laws require us to indemnify each director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made a party by reason of his or her service to us. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our directors and officers.

 

Our charter contains provisions that make removal of our directors difficult, which could make it difficult for our stockholders to effect changes to our management.

 

Our charter provides that a director may only be removed with cause upon the affirmative vote of holders of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of directors. Vacancies may be filled by the board of directors. This requirement makes it more difficult to change our management by removing and replacing directors and may prevent changes in control of our company that are in the interest of our stockholders.

 

Risks Related to Our Taxation as a REIT

 

Our failure to qualify as a REIT would result in higher taxes and reduced cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

 

We operate in a manner intended to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. Although we do not intend to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the IRS) as to our REIT status, we expect to receive the opinion of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP with respect to our qualification as a REIT. This opinion will be issued in connection with this offering of common stock. Investors should be aware, however, that opinions of counsel are not binding on the IRS or any court. The opinion of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP represents only the view of our counsel based on our counsel’s review and analysis of existing law and on certain representations as to factual matters and covenants made by us and our manager, including representations relating to the values of our assets and the sources of our income. The opinion will be expressed

 

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as of the date issued and will not cover subsequent periods. Counsel has no obligation to advise us or the holders of our common stock of any subsequent change in the matters stated, represented or assumed, or of any subsequent change in applicable law. Furthermore, both the validity of the opinion of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, and our continued qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis, the results of which will not be monitored by Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP. Our ability to satisfy the asset tests depends upon our analysis of the fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination, and for which we will not obtain independent appraisals. Our compliance with the REIT income and quarterly asset requirements also depends upon our ability to successfully manage the composition of our income and assets on an ongoing basis. Moreover, the proper classification of an instrument as debt or equity for federal income tax purposes may be uncertain in some circumstances, which could affect the application of the REIT qualification requirements as described below. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not contend that our interests in subsidiaries or other issuers will not cause a violation of the REIT requirements. If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we would be subject to federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, and distributions to stockholders would not be deductible by us in computing our taxable income. Any such corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders, which in turn could have an adverse impact on the value of our common stock. Unless entitled to relief under certain Internal Revenue Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT.

 

Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates under recently enacted tax legislation.

 

Legislation enacted in 2003 generally reduces the maximum tax rate for dividends payable to domestic stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates from 38.6% to 15% (through 2008). Dividends payable by REITs, however, are generally not eligible for the reduced rates. Although this legislation does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends paid by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including our common stock.

 

REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan.

 

We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our net taxable income, excluding any net capital gain, in order for corporate income tax not to apply to earnings that we distribute. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay out to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under federal tax laws. We intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code. However, differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash could require us to sell assets or borrow funds on a short-term or long-term basis to meet the 90% distribution requirement of the Internal Revenue Code. Certain of our assets may generate substantial mismatches between taxable income and available cash. As a result, the requirement to distribute a substantial portion of our net taxable income could cause us to: (i) sell assets in adverse market conditions, (ii) borrow on unfavorable terms or (iii) distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, capital expenditures or repayment of debt, in order to comply with REIT requirements.

 

The stock ownership limit imposed by the Internal Revenue Code for REITs and our charter may restrict our business combination opportunities.

 

In order for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in

 

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the Internal Revenue Code to include certain entities) at any time during the last half of each taxable year after our first year. Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our board of directors to take the actions that are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. Unless exempted by our board of directors, no person may own more than 9.8% of the aggregate value of our outstanding capital stock following the completion of this offering. Our board may grant an exemption in its sole discretion, subject to such conditions, representations and undertakings as it may determine. These ownership limits could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in our control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.

 

Even if we remain qualified as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow.

 

Even if we remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain federal, state and local taxes on our income and assets, including taxes on any undistributed income, tax on income from some activities conducted as a result of a foreclosure, and state or local income, property and transfer taxes, such as mortgage recording taxes. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Taxation of REITs in General.” Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for distribution to our stockholders. In addition, in order to meet the REIT qualification requirements, or to avert the imposition of a 100% tax that applies to certain gains derived by a REIT from dealer property or inventory, we may hold some of our assets through taxable subsidiary corporations. Such subsidiaries will be subject to corporate level income tax at regular rates.

 

Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities.

 

To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. We may be required to make distributions to stockholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to make certain attractive investments.

 

Complying with REIT requirements may force us to liquidate otherwise attractive investments.

 

To qualify as a REIT, we must ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified REIT real estate assets, including certain mortgage loans and mortgage backed securities. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 20% of the value of our total securities can be represented by securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Asset Tests.” If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT status and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate from our portfolio otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.

 

Liquidation of assets may jeopardize our REIT status.

 

To continue to qualify as a REIT, we must comply with requirements regarding our assets and our sources of income. If we are compelled to liquidate our mortgage loan and preferred equity investments to repay obligations to our lenders, we may be unable to comply with these requirements, ultimately jeopardizing our status as a REIT, or we may be subject to a 100% tax on any resultant gain if we sell assets that are treated as dealer property or inventory.

 

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Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively.

 

The REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code may limit our ability to hedge our operations. Under current law, any income that we generate from derivatives or other transactions intended to hedge our interest rate risks will generally constitute income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% income requirement applicable to REITs, and will also be treated as nonqualifying income for purposes of the REIT 95% income test unless specified requirements are met. In addition, any income from foreign currency or other hedges would generally constitute nonqualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% REIT income tests under current law. See “Federal Income Tax Consideration—Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Derivatives and Hedging Transactions.” As a result of these rules, we may have to limit our use of hedging techniques that might otherwise be advantageous, which could result in greater risks associated with interest rate or other changes than we would otherwise incur.

 

The “taxable mortgage pool” rules may increase the taxes that we or our stockholders may incur, and may limit the manner in which we effect future securitizations.

 

Certain of our future securitizations could be considered to result in the creation of taxable mortgage pools for federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, so long as we own 100% of the equity interests in a taxable mortgage pool, we would generally not be adversely affected by the characterization of the securitization as a taxable mortgage pool. Certain categories of stockholders, however, such as foreign stockholders eligible for treaty benefits, stockholders with net operating losses, and certain tax-exempt stockholders that are subject to unrelated business income tax, could be subject to increased taxes on a portion of their dividend income from us that is attributable to the taxable mortgage pool. In addition, to the extent that our stock is owned by tax-exempt “disqualified organizations,” such as certain government-related entities that are not subject to tax on unrelated business income, although Treasury regulations have not yet been drafted to clarify the law, we may incur a corporate level tax on a portion of our income from the taxable mortgage pool. In that case, we may reduce the amount of our distributions to any disqualified organization whose stock ownership gave rise to the tax. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Taxable Mortgage Pools and Excess Inclusion Income” and “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of Stockholders—Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders.” Moreover, we would be precluded from selling equity interests in these securitizations to outside investors, or selling any debt securities issued in connection with these securitizations that might be considered to be equity interests for tax purposes. These limitations may prevent us from using certain techniques to maximize our returns from securitization transactions.

 

The tax on prohibited transactions will limit our ability to engage in transactions, including certain methods of securitizing mortgage loans, that would be treated as sales for federal income tax purposes.

 

A REIT’s net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, but including mortgage loans, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. We might be subject to this tax if we were to dispose of or securitize loans in a manner that was treated as a sale of the loans for federal income tax purposes. Therefore, in order to avoid the prohibited transactions tax, we may choose not to engage in certain sales of loans at the REIT level and may limit the structures we utilize for our securitization transactions even though the sales or structures might otherwise be beneficial to us.

 

Risks Related to this Offering

 

There may not be an active market for our common stock, which may cause our common stock to trade at a discount and make it difficult to sell the common stock you purchase.

 

Prior to the this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. The initial public offering price for our common stock will be determined by negotiations between the underwriters and us. We cannot assure you that the initial public offering price will correspond to the price at which our common stock will trade

 

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in the public market subsequent to this offering or that the price of our shares available in the public market will reflect our actual financial performance.

 

We intend to apply to list our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “JRT.” Listing on the New York Stock Exchange would not ensure that an actual market will develop for our common stock. Accordingly, no assurance can be given as to:

 

    the likelihood that an actual market for our common stock will develop;

 

    the liquidity of any such market;

 

    the ability of any holder to sell shares of our common stock; or

 

    the prices that may be obtained for our common stock.

 

The market price and trading volume of our common stock may be volatile following this offering.

 

Even if an active trading market develops for our common stock after this offering, the market price of our common stock may be highly volatile and be subject to wide fluctuations. In addition, the trading volume in our common stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. If the market price of our common stock declines significantly, you may be unable to resell your shares at or above the initial public offering price. We cannot assure you that the market price of our common stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future. Some of the factors that could negatively affect our share price or result in fluctuations in the price or trading volume of our common stock include:

 

    actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results or distributions;

 

    changes in our funds from operations or earnings estimates or publication of research reports about us or the real estate or specialty finance industry;

 

    increases in market interest rates that lead purchasers of our shares of common stock to demand a higher yield;

 

    changes in market valuations of similar companies;

 

    adverse market reaction to any increased indebtedness we incur in the future;

 

    additions or departures of key management personnel;

 

    actions by institutional stockholders;

 

    speculation in the press or investment community; and

 

    general market and economic conditions.

 

Broad market fluctuations could negatively impact the market price of our common stock.

 

The stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market price of many companies in industries similar or related to ours and that have been unrelated to these companies’ operating performances. These broad market fluctuations could reduce the market price of our common stock. Furthermore, our operating results and prospects may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors or may be lower than those of companies with comparable market capitalizations, which could lead to a material decline in the market price of our common stock.

 

Future offerings of debt securities, which would rank senior to our common stock upon our liquidation, and future offerings of equity securities, which would dilute our existing stockholders and may be senior to our common stock for the purposes of dividend and liquidating distributions, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

 

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by making offerings of debt or additional offerings of equity securities. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and shares of preferred stock and

 

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lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive a distribution of our available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. Additional equity offerings may dilute the holdings of our existing stockholders or reduce the market price of our common stock, or both. Our preferred stock, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend payments that could limit our ability to make a dividend distribution to the holders of our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock (including shares of our common stock issued pursuant to our incentive plan), or the perception that these sales could occur, could have a material adverse effect on the price of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, holders of our common stock bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting their stock holdings in us.

 

Future sales of shares of our common stock may depress the price of our shares.

 

We cannot predict the effect, if any, of future sales of our common stock or the availability of shares for future sales on the market price of our common stock. We have agreed to file a shelf registration statement for the benefit of the holders of              shares of our common stock issued in the private placement within 90 days after the completion of this offering. We may also issue shares of common stock pursuant to our incentive plan. Any sales of a substantial number of our shares in the public market, or the perception that sales might occur, may cause the market price of our shares to decline.

 

You should not rely on lock-up agreements in connection with the private placement or this offering to limit the amount of common stock sold into the market.

 

We will agree with the underwriters not to offer to sell, contract to sell, or otherwise dispose of, loan, pledge or grant any rights with respect to any shares of our common stock, any options or warrants to purchase any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable for any of our common stock for a period of              days following the date of this prospectus, subject to certain exceptions. Our directors and officers will agree, with limited exceptions, for a period of              days after the date of this prospectus, and the selling stockholders will agree, with limited exceptions, for a period of 90 days after the date of this prospectus, that they will not, without the prior written consent of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc., directly or indirectly, offer to sell, sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, shares of our common or our other capital stock other than the shares of common stock sold by the selling stockholders in this offering.

 

In addition, holders of common stock issued in the private placement have agreed not to sell their shares for a period of 30 days prior to, and 90 days following, the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

 

Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co. may, at any time, release all or a portion of the securities subject to the foregoing lock-up provisions. There are no present agreements between the underwriters and us or any of our executive officers, directors or stockholders releasing them or us from these lock-up agreements. However, we cannot predict the circumstances or timing under which Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. may waive these restrictions. If the restrictions under the lock-up agreements with members of our senior management, directors or stockholders are waived or terminated, or upon expiration of a lock-up period, approximately              shares will be available for sale into the market at that time, subject only to applicable securities rules and regulations. These sales or a perception that these sales may occur could reduce the market price for our common stock.

 

We have not established a minimum distribution payment level and we cannot assure you of our ability to make distributions in the future.

 

We expect to make quarterly distributions to our stockholders in amounts such that we distribute all or substantially all of our taxable income in each year, subject to certain adjustments. We have not established a

 

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minimum distribution payment level, and our ability to make distributions may be adversely affected by the risk factors described in this prospectus. All distributions will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, our financial condition, maintenance of our REIT status and other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time. We may not be able to make distributions in the future. In addition, some of our distributions may include a return of capital.

 

An increase in market interest rates may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

 

One of the factors that investors may consider in deciding whether to buy or sell shares of our common stock is our distribution rate as a percentage of our share price relative to market interest rates. If the market price of our common stock is based primarily on the earnings and return that we derive from our investments and income with respect to our properties and our related distributions to stockholders, and not from the market value or underlying appraised value of the properties or investments themselves, then interest rate fluctuations and capital market conditions will likely affect the market price of our common stock. For instance, if market rates rise without an increase in our distribution rate, the market price of our common stock could decrease as potential investors may require a higher distribution yield on our common stock or seek other securities paying higher distributions or interest. In addition, rising interest rates would result in increased interest expense on our variable rate debt, thereby adversely affecting cash flow and our ability to service our indebtedness and pay distributions.

 

Investors in this offering will suffer immediate and substantial dilution.

 

The initial public offering price of our common stock is higher than the net tangible book value per share of our common stock outstanding immediately after this offering. Our net tangible book value per share as of September 30, 2004 was approximately $13.74. Net tangible book value per share as of September 30, 2004 represents the amount of our total tangible assets minus our total liabilities, divided by the 11,845,010 shares of our common stock that were outstanding on September 30, 2004. Investors who purchase our common stock in this offering will pay a price per share that substantially exceeds the net tangible book value per share of our common stock. If you purchase our common stock in this offering, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution of $             in the net tangible book value per share of our common stock, based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $              per share, which is the midpoint of the range listed on the cover page of this prospectus. Investors who purchase our common stock in this offering will have purchased            % of the shares outstanding immediately after the offering, but will have paid             % of the total consideration for those shares.

 

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This prospectus contains certain forward-looking statements that are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including without limitation, statements relating to the operating performance of our investments and financing needs. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “potential,” “intend,” “expect,” “endeavor,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “overestimate,” “underestimate,” “believe,” “could,” “project,” “predict,” “continue” or other similar words or expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions, discuss future expectations, describe future plans and strategies, contain projections of results of operations or of financial condition or state other forward-looking information. Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on our operations and future prospects include, but are not limited to:

 

    changes in economic conditions generally and the real estate and bond markets specifically;

 

    legislative and regulatory changes (including changes to laws governing the taxation of real estate investment trusts);

 

    availability of capital to us;

 

    our ability to obtain future financing arrangements;

 

    changes in interest rates and interest rate spreads;

 

    changes in generally accepted accounting principles;

 

    market trends;

 

    policies and rules applicable to REITs; and

 

    other factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors.”

 

When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements in this prospectus. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements, which reflect our management’s views as of the date of this prospectus. The “Risk Factors” and other factors noted throughout this prospectus could cause our actual results to differ significantly from those contained in any forward-looking statement.

 

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus to conform these statements to actual results.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

 

We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the sale of the             shares of common stock issued and sold by us in this offering will be approximately $             million, or approximately $             million if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock by the selling stockholders.

 

We intend to use the net proceeds to repay approximately $             million of outstanding indebtedness under our two master repurchase agreements. As of January 31, 2005, the full amount was outstanding under our $50 million repurchase agreement at a weighted average borrowing rate of 2.81%. Our $50 million repurchase agreement matures on March 31, 2005. As of January 31, 2005, approximately $23.0 million was outstanding under our $100 million repurchase agreement at a weighted average borrowing rate of 2.96%. Our $100 million repurchase agreement matures on December 30, 2005.

 

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CAPITALIZATION

 

The following table sets forth our consolidated capitalization as of September 30, 2004:

 

(i) on an actual basis; and

 

(ii) as adjusted to give effect to the sale of                      shares of our common stock offered by us in this offering and application of the net proceeds as described in “Use of Proceeds.”

 

     Actual

    As Adjusted

     ($ in thousands)

Cash

   $ 132,847     $             

Debt

     623,358 (1)      

Stockholders’ equity:

              

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share: 50,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding; no shares issued and outstanding as adjusted

     —         —  

Common stock, $0.01 par value per share: 100,000,000 shares authorized; 11,845,010 shares issued and outstanding;         shares issued and outstanding as adjusted

     118        

Additional paid-in capital

     165,128        
    


 

Undistributed earnings

     (6,126 )      
    


 

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     3,673        
    


 

Total stockholders’ equity

     162,793        
    


 

Total capitalization

   $ 918,998     $             
    


 

 

(1) Represents debt issued by a Re-REMIC trust that was consolidated in our financial statements as of September 30, 2004. The bonds are non-recourse and are secured by CMBS, which have also been consolidated in our September 30, 2004 financial statements.

 

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DISTRIBUTION POLICY

 

In order to qualify as a REIT so that corporate income tax generally does not apply to our earnings, we must, in addition to meeting other requirements, distribute to our stockholders an amount at least equal to (i) 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain), plus (ii) 90% of the excess of our net income from foreclosure property (as defined in Section 856(e) of the Internal Revenue Code) over the tax imposed on such income by the Internal Revenue Code, less (iii) any excess non-cash income (as determined under the Internal Revenue Code). We are subject to income tax on income that is not distributed, and to an excise tax to the extent that certain percentages of our income are not distributed by specified dates. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Annual Distribution Requirements.” Income as computed for purposes of the foregoing tax rules will not necessarily correspond to our income as determined for financial reporting purposes. The actual amount and timing of distributions will be at the discretion of our board of directors, and will depend upon a number of factors, including:

 

    our actual results of operations;

 

    restrictions under Maryland law;

 

    the timing of the investment of our equity capital;

 

    the amount of our funds from operations;

 

    our financial condition;

 

    our debt service requirements;

 

    our capital expenditure requirements;

 

    our taxable income;

 

    the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code;

 

    our operating expenses; and

 

    other factors our board of directors deems relevant.

 

Subject to the distribution requirements referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph, we intend, to the extent practicable, to invest substantially all of the proceeds from repayments, sales and refinancings of our assets in real estate-related assets and other assets. We may, however, under certain circumstances, make a distribution of capital or of assets. Such distributions, if any, will be made at the discretion of our board of directors. Distributions will be made in cash to extent that cash is available for distribution.

 

It is anticipated that distributions generally will be taxable as ordinary income to our non-exempt stockholders, although a portion of such distributions may be designated by us as long-term capital gain or may constitute a return of capital. We will furnish annually to each of our stockholders a statement setting forth distributions paid during the preceding year and their federal income tax status. For a discussion of the federal income tax treatment of distributions by us, see “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Taxation of REITs in General,” “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Annual Distribution Requirements” and “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of Stockholders.”

 

We have not yet made any distributions to our stockholders. We intend to make regular quarterly distributions to the holders of our common stock commencing with the first quarter of 2005.

 

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DILUTION

 

Our net tangible book value as of September 30, 2004 was approximately $162.8 million, or $13.74 per share of our common stock. Net tangible book value per share represents the amount of our total tangible assets minus our total liabilities, divided by the 11,845,010 shares of our common stock that were outstanding on September 30, 2004. After giving effect to the sale of                      shares of our common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share, which is the midpoint of the range listed on the cover page of this prospectus, our net tangible book value on September 30, 2004 would have been approximately $             million, or $             per share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $             per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of $             per share to new investors who purchase our common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $            . The following table shows this immediate per share dilution:

 

Initial public offering price per share

   $  

Net tangible book value per share on September 30, 2004, before giving effect to this offering

   $ 13.74

Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to this offering

   $  

Pro forma net tangible book value per share on September 30, 2004, after giving effect to this offering

   $  

Dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to new investors

   $  

 

The discussion and table above exclude 5,000 shares of our common stock subject to restricted stock awards, which are not vested.

 

The following table summarizes, as of September 30, 2004, the differences between the average price per share paid by our existing stockholders and by new investors purchasing shares of common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share, before deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us in this offering:

 

     Shares Purchased

  Total Consideration

 

Average

Price for

Share


     Number

   Percent

  Amount

   Percent

 

Existing stockholders

                    %                    %   $             

New investors

            %            %   $  

Total

            %            %   $  

 

If the underwriters fully exercise their option, the number of shares of common stock held by existing holders will be reduced to              % of the aggregate number of shares of common stock outstanding after this offering, and the number of shares of common stock held by new investors will be increased to             , or              %, of the aggregate number of shares of common stock outstanding after this offering.

 

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

The following table presents selected historical consolidated financial information as of September 30, 2004 and for the period ended September 30, 2004. The selected historical consolidated financial information presented below under the captions “Consolidated Income Statement Data” and “Consolidated Balance Sheet Data” have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. In addition, since the information presented below is only a summary and does not provide all of the information contained in our historical consolidated financial statements, including the related notes, you should read it in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our historical consolidated financial statements, including the related notes, included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

    

Period from April 19, 2004

(inception)
to September 30, 2004


 
     (in thousands, except
per share data)
 

Consolidated Income Statement Data:

        

Total revenues

   $ 7,956  

Expenses:

        

Interest

     6,669  

Management fees

     1,066  

General and administrative

     1,228  

Stock compensation

     5,119  
    


Total expenses

   $ 14,082  

Net loss available to common stockholders

   $ (6,126 )

Earnings (loss) per share:

        

Basic

   $ (0.74 )

Diluted

   $ (0.74 )

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:

        

Basic

     8,307  

Diluted

     8,307  
     As of September 30, 2004

 
     (in thousands)  

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

        

Total CMBS

   $ 647,636  

Less: Bonds payable

     (623,358 )

Other net assets related to Re-REMIC, including debt issuance costs

     6,666  

Less: Unrealized gains on CMBS

     (3,673 )
    


Net CMBS investment

   $ 27,271  

Total Assets

   $ 791,041  

Stockholders’ equity

   $ 162,793  

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL

CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

General

 

We are a specialty finance company established in April 2004 to capitalize on the growing volume of commercial real estate structured finance products. We are externally managed and advised by JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC, an affiliate of J.E. Robert Company, Inc. We refer in this prospectus to J.E. Robert Company, Inc. and its affiliates collectively as “JER.” JER Inc. is a fully integrated real estate investment management firm founded in 1981. We will continue to capitalize on the knowledge and substantial resources of JER. Utilizing borrowings and the net proceeds of our June 2004 private placement, we have invested in CMBS, mezzanine loans and B-Note participations in mortgage loans. We also intend to originate, acquire and invest in whole commercial mortgage loans, preferred equity, loans to real estate companies and net leased real estate assets. We expect to derive substantially all our income from the difference between the interest or rental income we earn on our investments and the expense we incur in financing our investments. We may also invest in residential mortgages and related securities

 

We are organized and conduct our operations to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, we will generally not be subject to federal income tax on that portion of our income that is distributed to stockholders if we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders by the due date of our federal income tax return and comply with various other requirements.

 

In June 2004, we sold 11.5 million shares of common stock in the private placement for net proceeds of approximately $160.1 million. Additionally, we issued 335,000 shares of common stock to our manager and an aggregate of 6,000 shares of restricted common stock to our independent directors pursuant to our Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan, which we refer to as our Incentive Plan, at the time of the closing of the private placement. In July 2004, when James Kimsey and Frank Caufield joined our board of directors, we issued each of them 2,000 additional shares of restricted common stock pursuant to our Incentive Plan. As of September 30, 2004, we have a total of 11,845,010 shares of common stock outstanding.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

Our most critical accounting policies relate to investment consolidation, revenue recognition, securities valuation, loan loss provisions, derivative accounting and income taxes. Each of these items involves estimates that require management to make judgments that are subjective in nature. We rely on JER’s experience and analysis of historical and current market data in order to arrive at what we believe to be reasonable estimates. Under different conditions, we could report materially different amounts using these critical accounting policies.

 

Investment Consolidation . For each investment we make, we evaluate the underlying entity that issued the securities we acquired or to which we made a loan in order to determine the appropriate accounting. We refer to guidance in SFAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities , and FIN 46R, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities , in performing our analysis. To the extent our investments were issued by a trust that meets the requirements to be considered a qualifying special purpose entity under SFAS 140, we record the investments at the purchase price paid. To the extent the underlying trusts are not qualifying special purpose entities or when we make a loan, we follow guidance set forth in FIN 46R, which requires that the investor absorbing a majority of the expected losses (as defined) consolidate all assets and liabilities of the entity. Because we generally acquire the non-rated and lower rated classes of bonds from the trusts, we generally expect to consolidate the trusts in situations in which the trusts are not qualifying special purpose entities.

 

Revenue Recognition . The most significant source of our revenue comes from interest income on our securities and loan investments. Interest income on loans and securities investments is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. Mortgage loans will generally be originated or purchased at or near par value and interest income will be recognized based on the contractual terms of the debt instrument. Any

 

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loan fees or acquisition costs on originated loans will be deferred and recognized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to yield. Interest income on CMBS is recognized on the effective interest method as required by EITF 99-20 “Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Purchased and Retained Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets” and SFAS No. 91 “Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases.” Under EITF 99-20, management estimates, at the time of purchase, the future expected cash flows and determines the effective interest rate based on these estimated cash flows and our purchase prices. Subsequent to the purchase and on a quarterly basis, these estimated cash flows are updated and a revised yield is calculated based on the current amortized cost of the investment. In estimating these cash flows, there are a number of assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies. These include the rate and timing of principal payments (including prepayments, repurchases, defaults and liquidations), the pass through or coupon rate and interest rate fluctuations. In addition, interest payment shortfalls have to be estimated due to delinquencies on the underlying mortgage loans and the timing and magnitude of credit losses on the mortgage loans underlying the securities. These uncertainties and contingencies are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may impact management’s estimates and our interest income. For available-for-sale securities, when current period cash flow estimates are lower than the previous period and fair value is less than an asset’s carrying value, we will write down the asset to fair market value and record an impairment charge in current period earnings. For investments classified as held-to-maturity, premiums and discounts on securities are recognized as an adjustment to yield over the life of the bonds.

 

Securities Valuation . We designate certain of our investments in mortgage backed securities, mortgage related securities and certain other securities as available-for-sale. Securities available-for-sale are carried at estimated fair value with the net unrealized gains or losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders equity. Many of these investments are relatively illiquid and management must estimate their values. In making these estimates, we use a discounted cash flow model that utilizes prepayment and loss assumptions based upon historical experience, economic factors and the characteristics of the underlying cash flow in order to substantiate the fair value of the securities. The assumed discount rate is based upon the yield of comparable securities. We also use pricing information from dealers who make markets in these securities, but under certain circumstances, we may adjust these valuations based on our knowledge of the securities and the underlying collateral.

 

We must also assess whether unrealized losses on securities reflect a decline in value that is other than temporary, which would result in writing down the impaired security to its fair value, through earnings. This will create a new carrying basis for the security and a revised yield will be calculated based on the future estimated cash flows. See “—Revenue Recognition” above. Significant judgments of management are required in this analysis, which include assumptions regarding the collectability of the principal and interest, net of expenses, on the underlying loans.

 

Loan Loss Provisions . We purchase and originate mezzanine loans and commercial mortgage loans to be held as long-term investments. We evaluate each of these loans for possible impairment on a quarterly basis. Impairment occurs when it is deemed probable that we will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. Upon determination of impairment, we will establish a reserve for loan losses and a corresponding charge to earnings through the provision for loan losses. Significant judgments are required in determining impairment, which include assumptions regarding the value of the real estate or partnership interests that secure the mortgage loans.

 

Derivative Accounting . We account for our derivative and hedging activities, using SFAS 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” as amended by SFAS 137 and SFAS 149, which requires all derivative instruments to be carried at fair value on the balance sheet.

 

Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as our risk-management

 

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objective and strategy for undertaking each hedge transaction. We periodically review the effectiveness of each hedging transaction, which involves estimating future cash flows. Cash flow hedges are accounted for by recording the fair value of the derivative instrument on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability, with a corresponding amount recorded in other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity. Amounts are reclassified from other comprehensive income to the income statement in the period or periods the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges under SFAS 133.

 

Income Taxes . We operate in a manner that we believe will allow us to be taxed as a REIT and, as a result, we do not expect to pay substantial corporate-level income taxes. Many of the requirements for REIT qualification, however, are highly technical and complex. If we were to fail to meet these requirements and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we would be subject to federal income tax, which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and amounts available for distributions to our stockholders.

 

Results of Operations

 

The net loss to common stockholders was approximately $(6.1) million, or $(0.74) per diluted share, for the period from inception (April 19, 2004) to September 30, 2004 primarily as a result of interest, stock compensation and general administrative expenses. Prior to stock-based compensation expense of $5.1 million, the net loss to common stockholders was approximately $1.0 million, or $(0.12) per diluted share.

 

Net Interest Income. Total interest income for the period from inception (April 19, 2004) to September 30, 2004 was $8.0 million. Interest income primarily consisted of $7.3 million related to CMBS that were consolidated as a result of our investment in CMBS issued by a Re-REMIC trust. Offsetting this interest income was $6.7 million in interest expense related to the bonds issued by the trust. Interest income also included $0.6 million related to cash and cash equivalents and $0.1 million related to interest income on CMBS available-for-sale.

 

Management Fees. Management fees of $1.1 million for the period from inception (April 19, 2004) to September 30, 2004 were comprised entirely of base management fees due to JER. Base management fees are calculated as a percentage of stockholders’ equity adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains, losses or other items that do not affect realized net income. Our manager is also entitled to receive quarterly incentive fees based on our funds from operations. However, no incentive fees were due to our manager during the period from inception (April 19, 2004) through September 30, 2004.

 

General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expenses of $1.4 for the period from inception (April 19, 2004) to September 30, 2004 consisted primarily of fees for professional services of $0.3 million, due diligence expenses of $0.3 million, insurance premiums of $0.2 million and servicer fees of $0.1 million. Other general and administrative expenses include overhead charges and reimbursements to our manager.

 

Stock Compensation. As part of the June 2004 private placement, we recorded $5.1 million ($.62 per share) in compensation expense related to stock awards issued to our independent directors and our manager. As consideration for our manager’s role in raising capital for the company, it was granted an award of 335,000 shares of stock in connection with the private placement. One-half of the shares granted to our manager are subject to a risk of forfeiture if we do not file with the SEC either a registration statement providing for the initial public offering of our common stock or a shelf registration statement providing for the resale of our common stock by March 4, 2005. Additionally, each non-officer director was granted 2,000 shares of restricted stock on the date of the first meeting of our board of directors attended by the director. One-half of the shares granted to the directors are subject to a risk of forfeiture if the director no longer serves as a member of our board of directors on June 4, 2005, the vesting date of those shares.

 

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Our principal sources of funds will be operating cash flows, borrowings and future debt and equity offerings. Immediately after this offering, we will have minimal cash balances for working capital purposes. We expect our borrowings will be through loan agreements, including warehouse facilities, and other credit facilities with institutional lenders. We may also issue long-term debt securities and preferred stock. We currently have two master repurchase agreements in place secured by certain of our CMBS. The first agreement provides for up to $50 million in financing, secured by CMBS rated BB- and above and matures on March 31, 2005. The second repurchase agreement provides financing of up to $100.0 million secured by rated and unrated CMBS. The agreement has a term of 364 days expiring December 30, 2005. Both agreements bear interest based on one month LIBOR (2.59% at January 31, 2005) plus a margin of 35 to 125 basis points, tiered according to the security’s credit rating. Under both agreements, the financial institutions retain the right to mark the underlying collateral to estimated market values. A reduction in the value of our pledged assets may require us to provide additional collateral or fund margin calls so that the outstanding loan amount will be less than or equal to the allowable amount.

 

The following table presents certain information regarding our debt obligations as of January 31, 2005:

 

     Balance
1/31/2005


   Weighted Avg.
Interest Rate


   

Range of
Maturities


     (in thousands)           

Repurchase agreements:

                 

Banc of America Securities

   $ 50,000    2.81 %   Less than 1 year

Liquid Funding

     23,000    2.96 %   Less than 1 year
    

  

   
     $ 73,000    2.86 %    
    

  

   

 

If we default in the payment of interest or principal on any debt, breach any representation or warranty in connection with any borrowing or violate any covenant in any loan document, our lender may accelerate the maturity of such debt, requiring us to immediately repay all outstanding principal. If we are unable to make payments, our lender could force us to sell our securities or foreclose on our assets that are pledged as collateral to such lender. The lender could also sue us or force us into bankruptcy. Any of these events would likely have a material adverse effect on the value of an investment in our common stock.

 

We intend to make regular quarterly distributions to the holders of our common stock beginning in early 2005. In order to qualify as a REIT and to avoid corporate-level tax on the income we distribute to our stockholders, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our ordinary income and short-term capital gains on an annual basis. Therefore, we will need to raise additional capital in order to acquire additional investments. We anticipate borrowing funds to obtain additional capital, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so on terms acceptable or available to us, if at all.

 

We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through the net proceeds from this offering, cash flow provided by operations as well as borrowings. Our initial borrowings have been short-term, variable rate debt; however, we ultimately expect to finance the majority of our assets through a match-funded CDO strategy. Our CDO strategy is dependent upon our ability to place the match-funded debt we create in the market at spreads that provide a positive arbitrage. If spreads for CDO liabilities widen or if demand for such liabilities ceases to exist, then our ability to execute the CDO strategy will be severely restricted.

 

We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements, specifically the repayment of debt and our investment funding needs, through additional borrowings, the issuance of debt and equity securities and the liquidation or refinancing of our assets at maturity. We believe that the value of these assets is, and will continue to be, sufficient to repay our debt at maturity under either scenario. However, our ability to meet our long-term liquidity requirements is subject to obtaining additional equity and debt financing. Decisions by investors and lenders to enter into transactions with us will depend upon a number of factors, such as our historical and projected financial performance, compliance with the terms of our current credit arrangements, industry and

 

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market trends, the availability of capital and our investors’ and lenders’ policies and rates applicable thereto, and the relative attractiveness of alternative investment or lending opportunities.

 

We have conducted preliminary negotiations with potential lenders and believe, on the basis of these negotiations, that we will be able to obtain longer-term financing in amounts and at interest rates generally consistent with our financing objectives. We cannot assure you, however, that negotiations with potential lenders will result in a definitive agreement being entered into or consummated or at the terms consistent with our business plan. In the event that we are unable to secure lines of credit or collateralized financing on favorable terms, our ability to successfully effect our investment strategy may be significantly impacted and returns to investors may be reduced.

 

We expect that the net proceeds from this offering, our cash flow provided by operations, and our current financings will satisfy our liquidity needs over the next twelve months.

 

Inflation

 

We believe that the risk of increases in the market interest rates on any floating rate debt that we may invest in as a result of inflation will be largely offset by our use of match funding financing and hedging instruments.

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

Market Risk . Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in interest rates, credit curve spreads, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. The primary market risks to which we are exposed are interest rate risk and credit curve risk. Interest rate risk is highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental, monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors beyond our control. Credit curve risk is highly sensitive to dynamics of the markets for commercial mortgage securities and other loans and securities we plan to invest in. Excessive supply of these assets combined with reduced demand will cause the market to require a higher yield. This demand for higher yield will cause the market to use a higher spread over the U.S. Treasury securities yield curve, or other benchmark interest rates, to value these assets. Changes in the general level of the U.S. Treasury yield curve can have significant effects on the market value of our intended portfolio.

 

Our operating results depend substantially on the difference between the interest and related income earned on our assets and the interest expense incurred in connection with our interest-bearing liabilities. Competition from other providers of real estate financing may lead to a decrease in the interest rate earned on our interest-bearing assets, which we may not be able to offset by obtaining lower interest rate costs on our borrowings. Changes in the general level of interest rates prevailing in the financial markets may affect the spread between our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Any significant compression of the spreads between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, an increase in interest rates could, among other things, reduce the value of our interest-bearing assets and our ability to realize gains from the sale of such assets, and a decrease in interest rates could reduce the average life of our interest-earning assets.

 

We may utilize a variety of financial instruments, including interest rate swaps, caps, options, floors and other interest rate exchange contracts, in order to limit the effects of fluctuations in interest rates on our operations. The use of these types of derivatives to hedge interest-earning assets and/or interest-bearing liabilities carries certain risks, including the risk that losses on a hedge position will reduce the funds available for payments to holders of securities and that such losses may exceed the amount invested in such instruments. A hedge may not perform its intended purpose of offsetting losses. Moreover, with respect to certain of the instruments used as hedges, we are exposed to the risk that the counterparties with which we trade may cease making markets and quoting prices in such instruments, which may render us unable to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to an open position. If we anticipate that the income from any such hedging transaction will not be qualifying

 

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income for REIT income test purposes, we may conduct part or all of our hedging activities through a corporate subsidiary that will be fully subject to federal corporate income taxation (a taxable REIT subsidiary). Our profitability may be adversely affected during any period as a result of changing interest rates.

 

Interest rate sensitivity refers to the change in earnings that may result from the changes in the level of interest rates. Our net interest income is affected by changes in various interest rates, primarily LIBOR and treasury rates. At September 30, 2004, our primary sensitivity to interest rates related to the income we earned on our $132.8 million cash balance.

 

The following table shows the estimated change in net interest income for a 12-month period based on changes in the interest rates applied to our assets as of September 30, 2004:

 

Rate Change (Basis Points)

   Estimated Change in Net
Income Over 12 Months


 
     ($ in thousands)  
-100    $ (1,328 )
+100      1,328  
+200      2,656  

 

We have invested much of our cash subsequent to September 30, 2004 in CMBS investments. As a result, changes in interest rates will have less impact on the interest earned on our cash balances. Interest rate changes will effect the fair value of the CMBS investments, real estate loans and derivatives we owned at December 31, 2004.

 

Credit Risk . Our portfolio of commercial real estate loans and securities is subject to a high degree of credit risk. Credit risk is the exposure to loss from debtor defaults. Default rates are subject to a wide variety of factors, including, but not limited to, property performance, property management, supply and demand factors, construction trends, consumer behavior, regional economics, interest rates, the strength of the American economy and other factors beyond our control.

 

All loans are subject to a certain probability of default. We will underwrite our CMBS investments assuming the underlying loans will suffer a certain dollar amount of defaults and the defaults will lead to some level of realized losses. Loss adjusted yields are computed based on these assumptions and applied to each class of security supported by the cash flow on the underlying loans. The most significant variables affecting loss adjusted yields include, but are not limited to, the number of defaults, the severity of loss that occurs subsequent to a default and the timing of the actual loss. The different rating levels of CMBS will react differently to changes in these assumptions. The lowest rated securities are generally more sensitive to changes in timing of actual losses. The higher rated securities are more sensitive to the severity of losses.

 

We generally assume that substantially all of the principal of a non-rated security will not be recoverable over time. The timing and the amount of the loss of principal are the key assumptions to determine the economic yield of these securities. Timing is of paramount importance because we will assume substantial losses of principal on the non-rated securities, therefore the longer the principal balance remains outstanding the more interest the holder receives to support a greater economic return. Alternatively, if principal is lost faster than originally assumed, there is less opportunity to receive interest and a lower or possibly negative return may result.

 

If actual principal losses on the underlying loans exceed assumptions, the higher rated securities will be affected more significantly as a loss of principal may not have been assumed. We expect that most if not all principal will be recovered with respect to classes rated B or higher.

 

We will manage credit risk though the underwriting process, establishing loss assumptions and careful monitoring of loan performance. Before acquiring a controlling class security (represented by a majority

 

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ownership interest in the most subordinate tranche) in a proposed pool of loans, we will perform a rigorous analysis of all of the proposed underlying loans. Information from this review will then be used to establish loss assumptions. We will assume that a certain portion of the loans will default and calculate an expected or loss adjusted yield based on that assumption. After the securities have been acquired, we will monitor the performance of the loans, as well as external factors that may affect their value.

 

Factors that indicate a higher loss severity or acceleration of the timing of an expected loss will cause a reduction in the expected yield and therefore reduce our earnings. Furthermore, we may be required to write down a portion of the adjusted purchase price of the affected assets through a charge to income.

 

We will also invest in commercial real estate loans, primarily mezzanine loans, bridge loans, B-notes, loans to real estate companies, mortgage loans and net leased real estate. We may also invest in residential mortgages and related securities. These investments will be subject to credit risk. The extent of our credit risk exposure will be dependent on risks associated with commercial real estate. Commercial property values and net operating income derived from such properties are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, national, regional and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors), local real estate conditions (such as an oversupply of housing, retail, industrial, office or other commercial space); changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic factors; retroactive changes to building or similar codes; and increases in operating expenses (such as energy costs). In the event a borrower’s net operating income decreases, the borrower may have difficulty repaying our loans, which could result in losses to us. In addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral and the potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay our loans, which could also cause us to suffer losses.

 

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OUR COMPANY

 

We are a specialty finance company organized primarily to originate and acquire real estate debt securities and loans. We are externally managed and advised by JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC, an affiliate of J.E. Robert Company, Inc. We refer in this prospectus to J.E. Robert Company, Inc. and its affiliates collectively as “JER.” JER is a fully integrated real estate investment management firm founded in 1981. We will continue to capitalize on the knowledge and substantial resources of JER. We intend to capitalize on the growing volume and complexity of commercial real estate structured finance products by investing primarily in loans and debt securities that we believe will yield the highest risk-adjusted returns. Our target investments include commercial real estate structured finance products such as commercial mortgage backed securities (commonly known as CMBS), mezzanine loans and B-Note participation in mortgage loans, as well as whole commercial mortgage loans, loans to real estate companies, preferred equity, and net-leased real estate. We may also invest in residential mortgages and related securities. We are organized and conduct our operations to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes.

 

JER has been active in all facets of the commercial real estate debt markets since the 1980s. JER was founded in 1981 in response to the need of public and private financial institutions for expertise in resolving real estate loan workout situations. Originally, the firm was primarily engaged in the management, liquidation and capital recovery of distressed commercial real estate mortgages on behalf of financial institutions and government agencies. Starting in 1991, JER managed portfolios of performing, sub-performing and non-performing mortgage loans and real estate assets for other institutional investors. In addition to sourcing such investment opportunities, JER was responsible for overseeing the due diligence, valuation, acquisition, asset management and disposition of such investments.

 

Since 1991, JER has served as the special servicer or asset manager for over 30 securitized pools of non-performing and performing commercial loans with a par value at issuance of over $15 billion. The primary function of the special servicer is to manage any loans that default or become delinquent at their maturity. Accordingly, the special servicer function is critical with respect to maximizing the return of principal and interest from the underlying loans. JER currently has the highest special servicer ratings of “CSS1” and “strong” from Fitch Investors Service, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s rating services, respectively.

 

As the CMBS and high yield and mezzanine debt markets continued to develop, JER recognized that inefficiencies would arise in the underwriting and structuring processes. Accordingly, JER pursued a highly selective strategy, targeting specific transactions based on an analysis of debt structure and taking into account the underlying real estate and borrower credit risk.

 

JER has been successful in developing strong relationships with property owners, financial sponsors and advisors in the commercial, multi-family, health care and hotel sectors over its 23-year history. These relationships should continue to provide us with a pipeline of debt investment opportunities going forward. The professionals at JER, including those JER professionals whose primary responsibility will be to us, will continue to source direct investments for us by capitalizing on JER’s reputation and stature in the market. The synergies between JER’s equity investment activities and our own debt investment strategy should position us in the market to provide maximum flexibility for borrowers. These skills, combined with JER’s extensive underwriting, structuring and management experience with respect to real estate and related debt products, particularly qualifies us to invest in these targeted investment classes and achieve attractive risk adjusted returns.

 

Our Investment Strategy

 

Our strategy is to hold a diversified portfolio of commercial real estate debt investments, including CMBS, mezzanine loans and B-Notes. We also intend to invest in preferred equity, loans to real estate companies, mortgage loans and net leased real estate assets. We may also invest in residential mortgages and related securities. Our strategy is to maximize the difference between the yields on our investments and the cost of financing these investments. Our objective is to generate cash available for distribution, facilitate capital appreciation and provide attractive total returns to our stockholders.

 

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We invest in commercial real estate structured finance products that provide rates of return that we believe are appropriate taking into account the underlying credit risk. Our investments generally are secured, directly or indirectly, by individual real estate properties or pools of properties that generally provide loan-to-value ratios in the range of 60% to 90%.

 

We finance our investments with both short-term warehouse facilities and match-funded financing structures such as collateralized debt obligations, commonly known as CDOs. We seek to maximize investment yields and mitigate risks to capital and dividends through prudent match-funded liabilities.

 

We selectively pursue investments where we believe cash flows have been mispriced, including the purchase of discounted securities in sectors that have fallen out of favor due to economic pressures, regulatory issues or illiquidity. Through our management agreement with our manager, we draw on JER’s expertise and significant business relationships with participants in the real estate securities industry to enhance our access to these investments, which may not be broadly marketed.

 

We broadly diversify our portfolio by asset type, tenant, tenant industry, location and servicer. We believe that diversification reduces the risk of capital loss and also enhances the terms of our financing.

 

Our Investment Guidelines

 

Our board of directors has adopted the following guidelines for our investments and borrowings:

 

    no investment shall be made that would cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT for Federal income tax purposes;

 

    no investment shall be made that would cause us to be regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act;

 

    no more than 20% of our equity, determined as of the date of each investment, shall be invested in any single asset;

 

    our debt-to-equity ratio on an unconsolidated basis shall be approximately three-to-one, depending on the characteristics of our portfolio;

 

    we shall not co-invest with our manager or any of its affiliates unless our investment committee determines that (i) the co-investment is otherwise in accordance with these investment guidelines and (ii) the terms of the co-investment are at least as favorable to us as to our manager or the affiliate (as applicable) making such co-investment; and

 

    no more than 10% of our equity, determined as of the date of an investment, shall be invested in assets located outside of the United States or in non-U.S. dollar denominated securities.

 

Except with respect to the allocation of investments made pursuant to JER’s conflicts policy in effect with respect to us and JER Fund III, we are not permitted to invest in joint ventures with our manager or its affiliates unless the investment is (i) made in accordance with the above guidelines and (ii) approved by all of the independent members of our board of directors. In addition, we are not permitted to (i) consummate any transaction that would the involve the acquisition by us of an asset in which our manager or any of its affiliates has an ownership interest, or the sale by us of an asset to our manager or any of its affiliates, (ii) under circumstances where our manager is subject to an actual or potential conflict of interest because it is manages both us and any other person with which we have a contractual relationship, take any action constituting the granting to such person of a waiver, forbearance or other relief, or the enforcement against such person of remedies, under or with respect to the applicable contract or (iii) make a loan to any affiliate of our manager, unless such transaction or action is approved by all independent members of our board. These investment guidelines may be changed by our board of directors without the approval of our stockholders.

 

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Targeted Investments

 

Our investment program focuses on the following real estate products:

 

    CMBS;

 

    mezzanine loans;

 

    B-Notes;

 

    bridge loans;

 

    preferred equity;

 

    loans to real estate companies;

 

    mortgage loans; and

 

    net leased real estate assets.

 

We may also invest in residential mortgages and related securities. Although we intend to invest as described in this prospectus, our actual investment allocations will depend on changing market conditions. As a result, we cannot predict with any certainty the percentage of our assets that will be invested in each category. Many of these asset classes may also be suitable investments for JER Fund III or other existing or future investment entities controlled by JER, giving rise to potential conflicts of interest. We will seek to identify those opportunities available in the market that can be acquired at attractive pricing and that provide opportunities to manage corresponding liabilities to mitigate financial risks.

 

We may change our investment strategy and policies without a vote of our stockholders. We may acquire assets from our manager or its affiliates, including securities issued by our manager or its affiliates upon approval of all the independent directors. These transactions must also comply with our general investment guidelines.

 

CMBS

 

We intend to invest in commercial mortgage backed securities, or CMBS, which are typically pass-through certificates created by the securitization of a single commercial mortgage loan or a pool of mortgage loans that are collateralized by commercial real estate properties. We believe the investment opportunity in CMBS currently lies in our ability to prudently underwrite and purchase the “first-loss” tranches and non-investment grade bonds, capitalizing on our manager’s ability to price the underlying real estate risk.

 

The securitization process is governed by one or more of the rating agencies, including Fitch, Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s, who determine the respective bond class sizes, generally based on a sequential payment structure. Bonds that are rated from AAA to BBB by the rating agencies are considered “investment grade.” Bond classes that are subordinate to the BBB class are considered “non-investment” grade. The respective bond class sizes are determined based on the review of the underlying collateral by the rating agencies. The payments received from the underlying loans are used to make the payments on the CMBS. Based on the sequential payment priority, the risk of nonpayment for the AAA CMBS is lower than the risk of nonpayment for the non-investment grade bonds. Accordingly, the AAA class is typically sold at a lower yield compared to the non-investment grade classes which are sold at higher yields. We expect to invest primarily in the BBB and non-investment grade CMBS classes.

 

Each securitization typically requires the owner of the most subordinate CMBS class to appoint a special servicer. The primary function of the special servicer is to manage any loans that default or become delinquent at their maturity. Accordingly, the special servicer function is critical with respect to maximizing the return of principal and interest from the underlying loans.

 

JER has been a special servicer since 1991 and has been engaged as special servicer or asset manager on over 30 securitized transactions. The total par value at issuance of the underlying loans have exceeded

 

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$15 billion. Typically, the governing documents of a securitization require that the special servicer be approved by one or more of the rating agencies. JER currently has the highest special servicer ratings from both Fitch and S&P, based on an analysis of staff expertise, a review of policies and procedures and an evaluation of the quality of resolution results. With respect to those securitization transactions where we control the non-investment grade CMBS and have the right to appoint the special servicer, we intend to appoint JER as special servicer.

 

The securitization of real estate debt has increased dramatically over the last 10 years. According to data from the Federal Reserve Board, 24% of all mortgage debt outstanding as of September 30, 2004 was securitized, versus 6% in 1993. New issuances of domestic CMBS in 2004 alone exceeded $93 billion according to Commercial Mortgage Alert.

 

Based on the most recent rating agency treatment for conduit transactions that included non-investment grade bond structures, the non-investment grade classes of CMBS have averaged approximately 3% to 6% of the total issuances. BBB rated classes averaged approximately 3% to 4% of the total issuances. Based on assumed annual issuance consistent with the average of the prior five years and taking into account conventional pricing parameters, we estimate that the total size of the non-investment grade CMBS market is approximately $1 billion annually. No assurance can be made that non-investment grade components of CMBS will continue to be these sizes. We expect that unleveraged yields on the non-investment grade CMBS investments generally will range from 300 to 900 basis points over the applicable index and that the unleveraged yields on the BBB rated classes generally will range from 75 to 150 basis points over the applicable index.

 

Mezzanine Loans

 

We intend to originate and invest in mezzanine loans (including mezzanine construction loans) to owners of real properties that are encumbered by first lien mortgages, in which case our mezzanine loans generally will be secured by junior liens on the subject properties and/or by liens on the partnership or membership interests in, or stock of, the borrower. Subject to negotiated contractual restrictions, the mezzanine lender generally has the right, following foreclosure, to become the sole indirect owner of the property subject to the lien of the primary mortgagor. Mezzanine debt can also be either junior or senior, denoting the particular leverage strip that may apply.

 

We may structure our mezzanine loans so that we receive a stated fixed or variable interest rate on the loan as well as a percentage of gross revenues and/or a percentage of the increase in the fair market value of the property securing the loan, payable upon maturity, refinancing or sale of the property. Our current mezzanine loan investments require the payment of current interest, which reduces our reliance on the residual value of the underlying property. Our mezzanine loans may also have prepayment lockouts, origination fees, deferred compensation, penalties, minimum profit hurdles and other mechanisms to protect and enhance returns in the event of premature repayment. Mezzanine investments, when made directly, and not as part of a securitization, typically last two to five years and generally produce unleveraged yields from 500 to 1,100 basis points over the applicable index.

 

B-Notes

 

We intend to invest in B-Notes generated directly from our banking relationships, or from structured transactions that may or may not have been rated by a recognized rating agency. These are junior participations in a first mortgage or mezzanine loan on a single property or group of related properties. The senior participation is known as an A-Note. Although a B-Note may be evidenced by its own promissory note, it shares a single borrower and mortgage with the A-Note and is secured by the same collateral. B-Notes bear an interest rate that is generally 250 to 600 basis points over the applicable index. B-Note lenders have the same obligations, collateral and borrower as the A-Note lender, but in most instances are contractually limited in rights and remedies in the event of a default. The B-Note is subordinate to the A-Note by virtue of a contractual or intercreditor arrangement between the A-Note lender and the B-Note lender. For the B-Note lender to actively

 

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pursue a full range of remedies, it must, in most instances, purchase the A-Note, or maintain its performing status in the event of a default on the B-Note. The B-Note lender may in some instances require a security interest in the stock or partnership interests of the borrower as part of the transaction. If the B-Note holder can obtain a security interest, it may be able to accelerate gaining control of the underlying property, subject to the rights of the A-Note holder. Both of these debt instruments are senior to the mezzanine debt tranches described above.

 

B-Notes share certain credit characteristics with subordinated CMBS, in that both reflect an interest in a first mortgage and are subject to more credit risk with respect to the underlying mortgage collateral than the corresponding senior securities or the A-Notes. As opposed to a typical CMBS secured by a large pool of mortgage loans, B-Notes typically are secured by a single property, and the associated credit risk is concentrated in that single property. B-Notes also share certain credit characteristics with second mortgages, in that both are subject to more credit risk with respect to the underlying mortgage collateral than the corresponding first mortgage or the A-Note. We intend to acquire B-Notes in negotiated transactions with the originators on large single and portfolio private debt placements, as well as in the secondary market. The B-Note market has grown substantially in recent years with the expansion of the securitization market, and JER has established relationships with many of the primary originators of B-Note products.

 

Bridge Loans

 

We may offer bridge loans to borrowers who are seeking short-term capital typically to be used in an acquisition of real estate. The bridge loans we expect to originate will predominantly be secured by first mortgage liens on the property and contemplate a takeout, using the proceeds of a conventional mortgage loan to repay our bridge loan. The bridge loans we intend to originate provide for interest rates with spread premiums ranging from 350 to 550 basis points over the applicable index. We may also receive origination fees and other deferred compensation in connection with our bridge loans. We believe providing these bridge loans will lead to future investment opportunities for us, including mortgage loans, mezzanine debt and preferred equity investments.

 

Preferred Equity

 

We may make preferred equity investments in property-owning entities generally in situations where the borrower’s capital structure does not allow for secured mezzanine financing because of restrictions imposed by senior lenders or other debt covenants. These investments are unsecured. Although preferred equity holders do not have priority relative to creditors, preferred equity holders have a first claim on cash flow and/or capital event proceeds relative to the common equity and often have covenant protections, such as negative pledges and overall debt limitations, to protect their equity position. We expect these investments to be priced in a manner similar to a mezzanine investment, though often with a premium because of the lack of collateral, and we expect that yields generally will range up to 1,100 basis points over the applicable index. Should an event of default occur, preferred equity holders have the right to replace the other equity holders to become the primary owner of the property subject to the lien of the primary mortgage. Like true owners, preferred equity investors have the option to support the loan during temporary cash flow shortfalls and dilute other common equity holders. We may also be able to negotiate special voting rights to help mitigate risks. JER’s extensive equity underwriting experience qualifies it to underwrite, structure and manage these types of equity interests if we must take an active equity participation role.

 

Loans to Real Estate Companies

 

We may also make loans to real estate-related operating companies, including REITs. These investments may take the form of secured debt, preferred stock and other hybrid instruments such as convertible debt. Corporate mezzanine loans may finance, among other things, operations, mergers and acquisitions, management buy-outs, recapitalizations, start-ups and stock buy-backs generally involving real estate and real estate-related entities. JER’s extensive experience with credit underwriting of both the underlying real estate and corporate credits positions it well to understand the appropriate approach for this type of investment.

 

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Mortgage Loans

 

We may invest in portfolios of mortgage loans in the form of mortgage loans or participations from various sellers, including life insurance companies, banks and other owners. We expect these loans to be secured by commercial or residential properties in the United States where we believe we can achieve attractive risk adjusted returns. These loans typically have maturities ranging from five to ten years. We should have an advantage over many other mortgage lenders given the range of debt and structuring flexibility we may offer creditworthy borrowers. We may also acquire portfolios of performing mortgages at a discount where we believe we can achieve appropriate risk adjusted returns.

 

Net Leased Real Estate Assets

 

We may invest in net leased real property. These investments are expected to be in the range of $10 million to $50 million for each transaction. We may also consider larger transactions involving portfolios of assets taking into account concentration issues with a single tenant and the residual value of the underlying assets. JER’s underwriting experience with this class of assets should also allow us to pursue assets with lease terms of under 10 years. We also may buy mortgage loans secured by real estate under long-term leases to credit worthy tenants. These generally include portfolios of fully amortizing mortgage loans or mortgage loans where some residual risk exist at the end of the term of the loan. We expect that unleveraged yields on net leased real estate assets generally will range from 7.0% to 11.0% per annum. These portfolios may include geographically diverse tenant and borrower concentrations. JER’s credit and underwriting skills are important to properly structure, acquire and manage these types of diverse portfolios.

 

Our Investments

 

We have acquired the following investments since the completion of our private placement in 2004:

 

CMBS . We have invested $167 million in five different CMBS transactions, including three newly-issued conduit securitizations. Following is a summary of our CMBS investments as of December 31, 2004:

 

     Face
Amount


   Estimated
Fair Value


   Weighted Average

Security Description


         Coupon

    Yield

    Term (1)

     (In thousands)

CMBS (2)

                              

BBB

   $ 67,369    $ 66,226    5.34 %   5.53 %   10.16

BB

     52,652      40,295    4.61 %   7.39 %   12.01

B

     64,345      37,850    5.11 %   10.54 %   14.27

Not-rated

     90,294      22,699    5.03 %   14.67 %   11.06
    

  

                

Total securities

   $ 274,660    $ 167,070    5.07 %   8.30 %   11.66
    

  

                

(1) Represents weighted average expected life in years, adjusted for anticipated losses.
(2) The table does not reflect the consolidation of any of the trusts that issued the CMBS we purchased. Our September 30, 2004 audited financial statements included in this prospectus consolidate the full $643.3 million in CMBS issued by a Re-REMIC trust, from which we purchased $18.4 million of CMBS.

 

 

As of December 31, 2004, the mortgage loans in the underlying collateral pools for all CMBS were secured by properties of the types and at the locations identified below:

 

Location


   % (1)

   

Property Type


   % (1)

 

New York

   12.4 %  

Retail

   26.8 %

California

   11.8 %  

Office

   23.2 %

Florida

   10.6 %  

Residential

   22.4 %

Texas

   10.4 %  

Hospitality

   5.7 %

Michigan

   4.0 %  

Industrial

   3.2 %

Other (2)

   37.6 %  

Other (2)

   7.6 %

Other (3)

   13.3 %  

Other (3)

   11.1 %
    

      

Total

   100.0 %  

Total

   100.0 %
    

      

 

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(1) Percentages are based on the unpaid principal balance of the underlying loans.
(2) No other individual state or property type comprises more than 2.0% of the total.
(3) Our investment in a Re-REMIC that held CMBS from 41 previous conduit securitizations is classified as “Other.”

 

Mezzanine Loans . We have invested in two mezzanine loans. In November 2004, we acquired a $14.9 million mezzanine tranche of an $89.9 million two year floating rate loan used to finance the recapitalization of a portfolio of four Class-A multifamily properties in Houston, Texas. The properties are subject to a $75 million senior mortgage loan. The mezzanine loan bears interest at one month LIBOR (which was 2.59 at January 31, 2005) plus 700 basis points with a 2% LIBOR floor.

 

In December 2004, we acquired a $15 million participation in a $53.5 million senior mezzanine loan. The $53.5 million senior mezzanine loan was part of a $970 million recapitalization of a portfolio of multifamily properties with concentrations in Texas, Virginia, South Carolina and Georgia. The properties are subject to $810.0 million of senior mortgage financing. The mezzanine loan has an initial term of two years and bears interest at LIBOR plus 800 basis points.

 

B-Notes. In January 2005, we acquired a $33.8 million B-Note participation in a $176.5 million mortgage loan to finance the condominium conversion of a hotel. The B-Note has an initial maturity of October 2006, with a one year extension option. The loan bears interest based on one-month LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 750 to 950 basis points, depending upon the date of the completion of the construction, the principal balance and whether or not the loan has been extended. During February 2005, we sold 50% of our investment in this B-Note at par to an unaffiliated third party.

 

Since raising our initial equity in June 2004, we have invested approximately $214.2 million in commercial real estate securities and loans.

 

Capital and Leverage Policies

 

We seek to enhance returns to stockholders through the use of leverage with an overall target debt-to-equity ratio for our company of approximately three-to-one on a consolidated basis, depending on the characteristics of our portfolio. We may leverage individual investments at substantially higher levels. Our financing strategy focuses on the use of match-funded financing structures. This means that we seek to match the maturities of our financial obligations with the maturities of our investments, thus reducing the impact of changing interest rates on earnings. In addition, we seek to match fund interest rates with like-kind debt (i.e., fixed-rate assets are financed with fixed-rate debt, and floating-rate assets are financed with floating-rate debt), through the use of hedges such as interest rate swaps, caps, or through a combination of these strategies. This strategy is designed to reduce the impact of changing interest rates on our earnings. In this regard, we seek to utilize securitization structures, particularly collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs, as well as other match-funded financing structures. CDOs are multiple class debt securities, or bonds, secured by pools of assets, such as mortgage backed securities, B-Notes and other mortgage assets. Like typical securitization structures, in a CDO (i) the assets are pledged to a trustee for the benefit of the holders of the bonds, (ii) one or more classes of the bonds are rated by one or more rating agencies and (iii) one or more classes of the bonds are marketed to a wide variety of investors, which enables the CDO sponsor to achieve a relatively low cost of long-term financing.

 

We believe that CDO financing structures are an appropriate financing vehicle for our targeted asset classes because they enable us to lock in a long-term cost of funds and minimize the risk that we will have to refinance our liabilities prior to the maturities of our investments, while providing flexibility to manage credit risk and, subject to certain limitations, to take advantage of profit opportunities.

 

We also use short-term financing, in the form of repurchase agreements, and may use bridge loans and bank warehousing facilities, as an intermediary step prior to the implementation of match-funded financing. Leverage will be utilized for the sole purpose of financing our portfolio and not for the purpose of speculating on changes in interest rates. Our charter and bylaws do not limit the amount of indebtedness we can incur, and our board of

 

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directors has discretion to deviate from or change our indebtedness policy at any time. However, we intend to maintain an adequate capital base to protect against various business environments in which our financing and hedging costs might exceed interest income (net of credit losses) from our investments. These conditions could occur, for example, due to credit losses or when, due to interest rate fluctuations, interest income on our investments lags behind interest rate increases in our borrowings, which are expected to be predominantly variable rate.

 

To date, we have financed our investments with available cash and borrowings under short term repurchase agreements. We expect to obtain longer term match funded financing of some of these investments through the issuance of a CDO in 2005.

 

We have entered into interest rate swap agreements to attempt to reduce the interest rate risk on our indebtedness. The start date of the swap agreement will coincide with the anticipated issuance date of the related indebtedness.

 

Credit and Interest Rate Risk Management

 

Our assets are exposed to various levels of credit risk, depending on the nature of the underlying assets and the nature and level of credit enhancements supporting such assets. We originate or purchase mortgage loans that meet minimum debt service coverage standards established by us. We review and monitor credit risk and other risks of loss associated with each investment. In addition, we seek to diversify our portfolio of assets to avoid undue geographic, issuer, industry and certain other types of concentrations. Our board of directors monitors the overall portfolio risk and reviews levels of provision for loss.

 

Our interest rate risk management strategy is intended to mitigate the negative effects of major interest rate changes. We seek to reduce our interest rate risk from borrowings both through hedging activities and by attempting to structure the key terms of our borrowings to generally correspond (in the aggregate for the entire portfolio, and not on an asset-by-asset basis) to the interest rate and maturity parameters of our assets.

 

We utilize a variety of financial instruments, including interest rate swaps, caps, options, floors and other interest rate exchange contracts, in order to limit the effects of fluctuations in interest rates on our operations. The use of these types of derivatives to hedge interest-earning assets and/or interest-bearing liabilities carries certain risks, including the risk that losses on a hedge position will reduce the funds available for payments to holders of securities and that such losses may exceed the amount invested in such instruments. A hedge may not perform its intended purpose of offsetting losses. Moreover, with respect to certain of the instruments used as hedges, we are exposed to the risk that the counterparties with which we trade may cease making markets and quoting prices in such instruments, which may render us unable to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to an open position. If we anticipate that the income from any such hedging transaction will not be qualifying income for REIT income test purposes, we may conduct part or all of our hedging activities through a corporate subsidiary that will be fully subject to federal corporate income taxation. Our profitability may be adversely affected during any period as a result of changing interest rates.

 

Investment Process

 

In making investment and management decisions on our behalf, our manager utilizes a carefully formulated strategy that begins with the sourcing of potential investments. We typically focus on investments that are from sources where JER has a strategic advantage or a direct relationship with the counterparty. Our investment strategy is based on a very selective and disciplined approach that integrates JER’s due diligence capacity and detailed asset underwriting process as well as JER’s substantial experience in successfully structuring complex investments with multiple real estate, financial, and legal issues.

 

Our investment committee . Our investment committee is chaired by Gene McQuown, our president and chief investment officer, and is comprised of Joseph E. Robert, Jr., chairman of our board, Keith W. Belcher, vice

 

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chairman of our board and our executive vice president, Deborah L. Harmon, president and chief investment officer of J.E. Robert Company, Inc., Cornelia C. Buckley, Senior Managing Director of J.E. Robert Company, Inc. Tae-Sik Yoon, our executive vice president, Kari Doescher, our chief financial officer, and Dan Ward, our secretary. Our investment committee has authority delegated by our board of directors to authorize transactions consistent with our investment guidelines. Any transaction deviating in a material way from these guidelines must be approved by our board of directors unless otherwise delegated by the board.

 

The following is a description of our manager’s activities during each stage of the investment process:

 

Sourcing Potential Investment Opportunities . We believe our manager’s relationship with JER provides us with a unique pipeline of investment opportunities. JER has developed an extensive network of relationships in its 23-year history in the real estate business and seeks to source transactions for us through its network of relationships with commercial and investment banks, opportunity funds, institutional investors, operating partners, borrowers and brokerage companies. JER’s staff of over 40 investment and asset management professionals are very active in sourcing proprietary investment opportunities. The CMBS market has reached a substantial annual volume, with issuances exceeding $93 billion in 2004. Within this market, new transactions are brought to market by various issuers on a frequent basis, usually with several new issues each month. The sellers are comprised primarily of investment banks, commercial banks and insurance companies. Because JER has been active in the CMBS sector since the early 1990s and has established relationships with many of the issuers of CMBS through prior investments, partnerships and management activity, our manager is well positioned to pursue new issue opportunities on our behalf. While it is typical that new issue transactions are offered in a bid format, JER historically has been able to negotiate certain CMBS acquisitions due to its relationships with specific issuers and its reputation for speed, flexibility and closing ability.

 

In addition, JER’s prominence in the equity investment markets over the last ten years has positioned it well to originate both high yielding and mortgage loan debt related opportunities as well as net lease transactions for us. We believe JER’s core real estate competency, coupled with its structuring flexibility and creativity, give it an advantage in direct debt obligations and net lease transactions.

 

Screening and Pursuit of Potential Transactions . All investments are screened prior to committing underwriting resources and are reviewed by our investment committee for conformity to our investment guidelines and overall suitability, including consideration of regulatory and portfolio risk management. A CMBS investment opportunity initially is screened based on the analysis of the asset composition of the underlying loan pool. Our manager utilizes a stress test analysis with respect to the debt service capacity of the assets and their ultimate ability to refinance. Based on the stress test results as well as our manager’s review of the specific product types and property locations, a preliminary loan loss estimate is derived, which is then assessed against the proposed bond structure. Other factors that our manager considers include the reputation of the underwriters and issuers, the quality of the loan underwriting, the quality of the respective borrowers and the adequacy of the related loan documents. Once the transaction is screened, the purchase parameters are bid and negotiated, and our formal due diligence process is initiated.

 

In considering whether to acquire or make an investment, our manager performs certain due diligence tasks that reasonably may be expected to provide relevant and material information as to the value of the loan and whether we should acquire or originate the debt. In determining the price of a loan, our manager reviews and analyzes some or all of a number of factors, depending upon their expected materiality to the transaction. These factors may include market conditions (market interest rates, the availability of refinancing and economic, demographic, geographic, tax, legal and other factors). They may also include the yield to maturity of the loan, the liquidity of the loan, the limitations on the obligations of the seller with respect to the loan, the rate and timing of payments to be made with respect to the loan, the underlying property securing the loan, the risk of adverse fluctuations in the market values of the underlying property as a result of economic or political events or governmental regulations, the historical performance and other attributes of the borrower or property manager responsible for managing the underlying property, relevant laws limiting actions that may be taken with respect to loans secured by real property or other ownership interests, and limitations on recourse against the borrowers

 

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following realization on the collateral, risks of timing with respect to loan prepayments, risks associated with geographic concentration of underlying assets, environmental risks, pending and threatened litigation, other liens and other issues relating to title, a prior history of defaults by affiliated parties on similar and dissimilar obligations and other factors.

 

Due Diligence . Our manager subjects a potential transaction to rigorous analysis to optimize pricing and structuring. From a real estate perspective, the due diligence includes, but is not limited to:

 

    conducting a thorough analysis, regardless of the recourse nature of a loan, of the borrower’s investment history, reputation, credit history, investment focus and expertise;

 

    making site visits to assess the economic viability of the property including tenant and overall property viability;

 

    reviewing submarket supply and demand and existing and planned competitive properties;

 

    reviewing local submarket rental and sales comparables;

 

    reviewing issuer and third party valuations and appraisals of the property, if applicable, and the loan to value ratio with respect to the property;

 

    performing legal, accounting, environmental, zoning, structural analyses of the property and borrower;

 

    reviewing the level and stability of cash flow from the underlying property to service the mortgage debt;

 

    analyzing the availability of capital for refinancing by the borrower if the loan does not fully amortize;

 

    reviewing loan documents to determine the lender’s rights, including personal guarantees, additional collateral, default covenants and other remedies as well as the lender’s rights under any intercreditor agreements; and

 

    making appropriate modifications to reflect the underlying collateral and borrower credit risk, including requiring letters of credit or other liquid instruments to ensure timely payments and loan to value ratios appropriate for the yield.

 

As a result of the real estate review, a cash flow forecast for each collateral property is prepared and a valuation is assigned. The performance of the respective loan is then forecast and individual loan losses are projected with regard to some CMBS issuances, in particular on non-investment grade CMBS, which are always priced on a risk adjusted basis. These calculations are affected by the securitization structure, which is evaluated, modeled and reviewed in order to evaluate the bond level cash flows. Sensitivity analysis is performed in consideration of differing levels of loan losses, variances in the timing of loan payoffs or prepayments, loan extension scenarios and with respect to changing interest rates. In all cases, we consider the potential impact on the risk profile of our investment portfolio and the impact on cash flow after we implement financing at the company level, whether in the form of a CDO or some other debt instrument. Where certain assets within a securitization are deemed to constitute an excessive risk, they are either appropriately reserved and pro forma losses adjusted, or the subject assets are rejected from the pool or further structured to mitigate the risk to us.

 

Investment Committee Participation . Following investment screening and initial due diligence, our investment committee reviews all potential transactions to consider REIT and Investment Company Act compliance issues as well as pricing, structuring, real estate and borrower risk, finance capability, hedging and portfolio risk management. Following execution of a terms agreement with the counterparty, the investment committee supervises final due diligence to the extent applicable. Upon completion of due diligence and prior to making any binding debt commitments or investments, our investment committee considers the impact of any material findings on the transaction’s risk profile. Some investments may be presented to our board of directors for consideration. All completed transactions are then reported to our board of directors. Our independent directors must unanimously approve any acquisition from or sale to a JER affiliate.

 

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Closing . The CMBS closing process is extensive due to the documentation associated with the bond issuance, including the loan sale agreement, the various trust documents and the associated servicing agreement. Included in the servicing documentation is the pooling and servicing agreement, which governs the responsibilities of the special servicer. JER has established relationships with legal counsel and has streamlined the closing process in order to minimize the associated cost, while achieving the requisite document provisions.

 

Non-CMBS closings are completed to the extent possible on our own standard documentation, but many direct high yield debt investments are on documents specific to that transaction. Those documents are negotiated by our manager with the support of our chief investment officer, the general counsel of our manager and outside counsel. Funding controls are in place with our chief financial officer and chief investment officer to ensure that no funding takes place until all documents are in place and security interests perfected.

 

Asset Management

 

Our manager (with the assistance of JER as special servicer where appropriate) performs the following asset management functions for us:

 

Investment Monitoring . Our manager actively monitors and manages our investments. Surveillance on each investment is performed on an ongoing basis as updated collateral information is obtained, including property operating statements and rent rolls. This information is analyzed and compared against original underwriting forecasts. A negative variance in net operating income or in occupancy may result in the asset being placed on a “watch list.” Submarket trends and physical site inspections are also reviewed and evaluated with regard to future performance. Our manager’s investment committee periodically reviews the portfolio on a formal basis to consider any watch list assets and determine any appropriate actions and reserve adjustments. Throughout the surveillance process, asset management steps are taken as warranted in order to maximize the return on the investment.

 

Cash Collections . To the extent possible, we will enter into cash collection and lock box agreements, in particular on high yield investments.

 

Collateral Valuation . Our manager is responsible for determining the value of the collateral property, including an analysis of the condition of the property, existing tenant base, current information and comparable market rents, occupancy and sales. When appropriate, our manager also conducts an investigation of the borrower to identify other potential sources of recovery, including other non-real estate collateral and guarantees. Our manager then is responsible for reviewing the collateral operating statements on an ongoing basis and within the market in order to accurately track asset value and cash flow performance.

 

Recovery Strategies . To the extent a default is realized with respect to an investment, our manager is responsible for recommending and implementing the appropriate recovery strategy in order to produce the highest present value recovery. This may include demand for payment, forbearance, modification, compromise, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, foreclosure and litigation. Typically, a number of alternatives can then be compared on a net present value basis and consideration given to the risks related to executing each alternative. Our manager’s real estate operating and distressed debt workout management experience put us in a strong position to manage defaults or other problems that may arise with our investments.

 

Competition

 

We are subject to significant competition in seeking investments. We compete with several other companies for investments, including other REITs, insurance companies and other investors. Recently, there has been increased competition in the CMBS market, with many companies seeking to invest in CMBS issuances. Some of our competitors have greater resources than we do and we may not be able to compete successfully for investments.

 

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Compliance With The Americans With Disabilities Act Of 1990

 

Properties that we may acquire, and the properties underlying our investments, will be required to meet federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons as a result of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. In addition, a number of additional federal, state and local laws may require modifications to any properties we purchase, or may restrict further renovations of our properties, with respect to access by disabled persons. Noncompliance with these laws or regulations could result in the imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants. Additional legislation could impose additional financial obligations or restrictions with respect to access by disabled persons. If required changes involve greater expenditures than we currently anticipate, or if the changes must be made on a more accelerated basis, our ability to make expected distributions could be adversely affected.

 

Compliance With Federal, State And Local Environmental Laws

 

Properties that we may acquire, and the properties underlying our investments, are subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations. Under these laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner of real estate (including, in certain circumstances, a secured lender that succeeds to ownership or control of a property) may become liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum product releases at, on, under or in its property. These laws typically impose cleanup responsibility and liability without regard to whether the owner or control party knew of or was responsible for the release or presence of the hazardous or toxic substances. The costs of investigation, remediation or removal of these substances may be substantial and could exceed the value of the property. An owner or control party of a site may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from a site. Certain environmental laws also impose liability in connection with the handling of or exposure to materials containing asbestos. These laws allow third parties to seek recovery from owners of real properties for personal injuries associated with materials containing asbestos. Our operating costs and the values of these assets may be adversely affected by the obligation to pay for the cost of complying with existing environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, as well as the cost of complying with future legislation, and our income and ability to make distributions to our stockholders could be affected adversely by the existence of an environmental liability with respect to our properties. We will endeavor to ensure our properties are in compliance in all material respects with all federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations regarding hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products.

 

Legal Proceedings

 

We are not a party to any legal proceedings.

 

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OPERATING POLICIES AND STRATEGIES

 

Market/Interest Rate Risk Management

 

To the extent consistent with our election to qualify as a REIT, we follow an interest rate risk management strategy intended to mitigate the negative effects of major interest rate changes. We seek to minimize our interest rate risk from borrowings by attempting to structure the key terms of our borrowings to generally correspond to the interest rate term of our assets.

 

Hedging Activities

 

We have entered into interest rate swap agreements to attempt to reduce the interest rate risk on our indebtedness. The start date of the swap agreement will coincide with the anticipated issuance date of the related liability. For a further description, see “ Management’s Discussion & Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.” In the future, we may enter into similar arrangements to protect our investment portfolio from interest rate fluctuations and other changes in market conditions. These transactions may include interest rate swaps, the purchase or sale of interest rate collars, caps or floors, options, mortgage derivatives and other hedging instruments. These instruments may be used to hedge as much of the interest rate risk as our manager determines is in the best interest of our stockholders, given the cost of such hedges and the need to maintain our status as a REIT. In general, income from hedging transactions does not constitute qualifying income under current law for purposes of the REIT gross income requirements. To the extent, however, that we enter into a hedging transaction to reduce interest rate risk on indebtedness incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets, any income or gain that we derive from the transaction would be excluded from gross income for purposes of the REIT 95% gross income test, and would be treated as income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Derivatives and Hedging Transactions.” Our manager may elect to have us bear a level of interest rate risk that could otherwise be hedged when it believes, based on all relevant facts, that bearing such risk is advisable.

 

Disposition Policies

 

Although we have no current plans to dispose of properties or other assets within our portfolio, our manager evaluates our asset portfolio on a regular basis to determine if it continues to satisfy our investment criteria. Subject to certain restrictions applicable to REITs, we may sell our investments opportunistically and use the proceeds of any sale for debt reduction, additional acquisitions or working capital purposes.

 

Equity Capital Policies

 

Subject to applicable law, our board of directors has the authority, without further stockholder approval, to issue additional authorized common stock and preferred stock or otherwise raise capital, including through the issuance of senior securities, in any manner and on the terms and for the consideration it deems appropriate, including in exchange for property. Our existing stockholders, and purchasers of common stock in this offering, will have no preemptive right to purchase additional shares issued in any offering, and any offering might cause significant dilution of your investment. We may in the future issue common stock in connection with acquisitions of additional investments.

 

We may repurchase our common stock in private transactions with our stockholders, if those purchases are approved by our board of directors. Our board of directors has no present intention of causing us to repurchase any shares of our common stock, and any action would only be taken in conformity with applicable federal and state laws and the applicable requirements for qualifying as a REIT, for so long as the board of directors concludes that we should remain a REIT.

 

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Conflicts of Interest Policies

 

Except with respect to the allocation of investments made pursuant to the JER’s conflicts policy in effect with respect to us and JER Fund III, we are not permitted to invest in joint ventures with our manager or its affiliates unless the investment is (i) made in accordance with the above guidelines and (ii) approved by all of the independent members of our board of directors. In addition, we are not permitted to (i) consummate any transaction that would the involve the acquisition by us of an asset in which our manager or any of its affiliates has an ownership interest, or the sale by us of an asset to our manager or any of its affiliates, (ii) under circumstances where our manager is subject to an actual or potential conflict of interest because it is manages both us and any other person with which we have a contractual relationship, take any action constituting the granting to such person of a waiver, forbearance or other relief, or the enforcement against such person of remedies, under or with respect to the applicable contract, or (iii) make a loan to any affiliate of our manager, unless such transaction or action is approved by all independent members of our board. For a further description of our conflicts of interest policies, see “Our Manager and the Management Agreement—Conflicts of Interest in our Relationship with our Manager.”

 

Interested Director, Officer and Employee Transactions

 

We have adopted a policy that, unless the action is approved by a majority of the disinterested directors and is not otherwise prohibited by law, we will not:

 

    acquire from or sell to any of our directors, officers or employees, or any entity in which one of our directors, officers or employees has an economic interest of more than five percent or a controlling interest, or acquire from or sell to any affiliate of any of the foregoing, any of our assets or other property;

 

    make any loan to or borrow from any of the foregoing persons; or

 

    engage in any other transaction with any of the foregoing persons.

 

However, our by-laws do not prohibit any of our directors, officers, employees or agents, in their personal capacity or in a capacity as an affiliate, employee or agent of any other person, or otherwise, from having business interests and engaging in business activities similar to or in addition to or in competition with those of or relating to us.

 

Pursuant to Maryland law, a contract or other transaction between a company and a director or between the company and any other corporation or other entity in which a director serves as a director or has a material financial interest is not void or voidable solely on the grounds of the common directorship or interest, the presence of that director at the meeting at which the contract or transaction is authorized, approved or ratified or the counting of the director’s vote in favor thereof if (1) the material facts relating to the common directorship or interest and as to the transaction are disclosed to the board of directors or a committee of the board, and the board or committee in good faith authorizes the transaction or contract by the affirmative vote of a majority of disinterested directors, even if the disinterested directors constitute less than a quorum, (2) the material facts relating to the common directorship or interest of the transaction are disclosed to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the transaction is approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders, or (3) the transaction or contract is fair and reasonable to the company at the time it is authorized, ratified or approved.

 

Policies with Respect to Other Activities

 

We have not engaged in trading, underwriting or agency distribution or sale of securities of other issuers and do not intend to do so. We have not in the past, but we may in the future, invest in the securities of other issuers for the purpose of exercising control over such issuers. At all times, we intend to make investments in a manner as to qualify as a REIT, unless because of circumstances or changes in the Internal Revenue Code or the

 

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regulations of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interest to qualify as a REIT. We have not made any loans to third parties, although we may in the future make loans to third parties, including, without limitation, to joint ventures in which we participate. We intend to make investments in such a way that we will not be treated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. We also intend to furnish our stockholders with annual reports containing consolidated financial statements audited by our independent certified public accountants and with quarterly reports containing unaudited consolidated financial statements for each of the first three quarters of each fiscal year.

 

Future Revisions in Policies and Strategies

 

Our board of directors has approved the operating policies and the strategies set forth in this prospectus. The board of directors has the power to modify or waive these policies and strategies without the consent of our stockholders to the extent that the board of directors (including a majority of our independent directors) determines that a modification or waiver is in the best interest of our stockholders. Among other factors, developments in the market that either affect the policies and strategies mentioned herein or that change our assessment of the market may cause our board of directors to revise our policies and strategies.

 

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OUR MANAGER AND THE MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT

 

Our Manager and JER

 

We are externally managed and advised by JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC, an affiliate of J.E. Robert Company, Inc. JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC was formed in April 2004 for the sole purpose of managing us. We will have no employees and each of our executive officers is also an officer of our manager.

 

JER is a fully integrated real estate investment management firm that focuses primarily on commercial real estate investments in the United States and abroad, and its business strategy capitalizes on market dislocations that create “mispricings” of assets. JER has more than 150 employees who provide a full complement of real estate investment management services, including acquisitions, underwriting, asset management, portfolio and risk management, finance and accounting, investor relations, legal, information technology and human resources.

 

JER was founded in 1981 by Joseph E. Robert, Jr. in response to the need of both government and private financial institutions for expertise and capabilities in resolving non-performing real estate loans. At its inception, JER was primarily engaged in the management, liquidation and capital recovery of distressed commercial real estate mortgages on behalf of financial institutions and government agencies. During the 1980s and early 1990s, JER was retained by the U.S. Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Company, the U.S. Resolution Trust Corporation and the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to manage and liquidate non-performing financial assets. These relationships and contracts built the foundation for JER’s principal investment and asset management businesses.

 

Starting in 1991, JER managed portfolios of performing, sub-performing and non-performing mortgage loans and real estate assets for other institutional investors. JER’s expansion into portfolio investing was a natural extension of the firm’s prior asset management and capital recovery experience. At the same time, JER and its partners also made investments in single mortgage loans and real property, CMBS and a REIT. In addition to sourcing investment opportunities, JER was responsible for overseeing the due diligence, valuation, acquisition, asset management and disposition of the investments.

 

Since 1991, JER has also served as the special servicer or asset manager for over 30 securitized pools of non-performing and performing commercial loans with a par value at issuance of over $15 billion. JER currently has the highest special servicer ratings of “CSS1” and “strong” from Fitch Investors Service, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s, Inc. rating services, respectively. Since 1997, JER has primarily conducted its real estate investment management activities on a global basis through a series of private equity funds, which we refer to as the JER Funds.

 

JER is headquartered in McLean, Virginia with additional offices in California, Connecticut, Texas, France, Mexico and the United Kingdom.

 

The executive offices of our manager are located at 1650 Tysons Blvd., Suite 1600, McLean, Virginia 22102, and the telephone number of their executive offices is (703) 714-8000.

 

Officers of Our Manager

 

The senior management team of our manager is comprised of seven professionals that have an average of 18 years of real estate experience and 10 years of tenure with JER.

 

Name


   Age

  

Position With Our Manager


Joseph E. Robert, Jr.  

   53    Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Keith W. Belcher

   45    Managing Director

Gene C. McQuown

   50    Senior Managing Director

Tae-Sik Yoon

   37    Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer

Kari L. Doescher

   40    Director

Kenneth D. Krejca

   35    Director

Daniel T. Ward

   47    Senior Managing Director and General Counsel

 

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Joseph E. Robert, Jr. is chairman and chief executive officer of J.E Robert Company, Inc. and our manager and chairman of our board of directors. Mr. Robert also serves on our investment committee. Mr. Robert founded JER in 1981. Mr. Robert served as vice chairman of the board of the National Realty Committee and was a member of its executive committee and is a founding member of the Real Estate Roundtable. Mr. Robert is a member of the board and member of the executive committee of the Institute for International Economics. Mr. Robert is a member of the international advisory board of EuroHypo, a German based commercial mortgage bank.

 

Keith W. Belcher is a managing director of J.E Robert Company, Inc. and our manager, vice chairman of our board of directors and our executive vice president. Mr. Belcher also serves on our investment committee. Mr. Belcher joined JER in 1991. Mr. Belcher is responsible for all CMBS acquisitions made by the JER Funds and performs the same function for us. He also oversees the asset management of the underlying assets in CMBS issuances assigned to JER as special servicer. Previously, Mr. Belcher managed JER’s asset management contracts with the RTC, which exceeded $3.5 billion in asset value. Mr. Belcher holds a B.B.A. degree in finance and a B.A. degree in economics from Southern Methodist University.

 

Gene C. McQuown is a senior managing director of J.E Robert Company, Inc. and our manager and our president and chief investment officer. Mr. McQuown is also the chair of our investment committee. Mr. McQuown joined JER in 1989. He has been actively involved in all aspects of asset management, underwriting and principal investments, including non-real estate, real estate and related loan assets over the past 25 years in the United States, Mexico, Europe and Asia. Mr. McQuown has overseen the underwriting, management or investment in over $17 billion in real estate and related loan assets on behalf of various investment partners and financial institutions over the last 15 years. Mr. McQuown holds a B.A. degree from Louisiana State University and an M.B.A. degree from the University of Dallas.

 

Tae-Sik Yoon is a managing director and Chief Financial Officer of J.E Robert Company, Inc. and our manager and also serves as our executive vice president. Mr. Yoon also serves on our investment committee. Mr. Yoon joined JER in 1999. He has primary responsibility for risk and portfolio management, capital markets (debt and equity) and finance and accounting for JER. From 1989 to 1991, and then again from 1997 to 1999, Mr. Yoon worked in the real estate investment banking group of Morgan Stanley & Co. in New York City and Los Angeles, CA, and from 1994 to 1997 was a corporate attorney at the law firm of Williams & Connolly in Washington, D.C. Mr. Yoon received a B.A. degree in biology from the Johns Hopkins University and a J.D. degree from Harvard Law School. He is a member of the bars of the District of Columbia, State of Maryland and United States Patent & Trademark Office.

 

Kari L. Doescher is a director of J.E Robert Company, Inc. and our manager and our chief financial officer and treasurer. Ms. Doescher also serves on our investment committee. Ms. Doescher joined JER in June 2002 to assume responsibility for the treasury, compliance and investor reporting aspects of the JER Funds. Ms. Doescher previously worked for JER from 1992 to 1994, where she primarily focused on financial and accounting issues related to the joint venture with Goldman Sachs. Prior to returning to JER in 2002, Ms. Doescher was senior vice president and chief financial officer of Gemini Air Cargo from 1996 to 1999 overseeing finance, accounting, human resources and information technology of the 450 person international air cargo carrier. She has also held the position of Vice President at CRIIMI MAE and worked at Arthur Andersen. Ms. Doescher holds an M.B.A. degree in Finance and a B.S. degree in Accounting from the George Washington University. She is a certified public accountant and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

 

Kenneth D. Krejca is a director of J.E. Robert Company, Inc. and our manager and also serves as our vice president. Mr. Krejca’s primary responsibilities include sourcing, underwriting and managing CMBS investments for us. Before joining JER, from 1996 to 2004, Mr. Krejca was a director in Bank One’s CMBS investment group. In his capacity as a director, Mr. Krejca has been involved in all facets of the CMBS investment process, including originating, underwriting, syndicating and managing loan pools. Mr. Krejca has over 9 years experience in subordinate CMBS investments. Mr. Krejca holds a B.S. degree in accounting from DePaul University.

 

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Daniel T. Ward is a senior managing director and general counsel of J.E Robert Company, Inc. and our manager and our secretary. Mr. Ward also serves on our investment committee. Mr. Ward joined JER in 1991. Mr. Ward is responsible for all legal matters involving investment structuring, document negotiation and transaction closings and capital raising activities for the JER Funds. Mr. Ward holds a B.S. degree in accounting from Villanova University and a J.D. degree from The National Law Center, George Washington University. Mr. Ward is a member of the Washington, D.C. Bar.

 

The Management Agreement

 

We are party to a management agreement with JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC, our manager, pursuant to which our manager provides for the day-to-day management of our operations.

 

Management Services

 

The management agreement requires our manager to oversee our business affairs in conformity with the policies and the investment guidelines that are approved and monitored by our board of directors. Our manager operates under the direction of our board of directors. Our manager is responsible for (i) our purchase and sale of real estate securities and other real estate-related assets, (ii) management of our real estate, including arranging for acquisitions, sales, leases, maintenance and insurance, (iii) the purchase, sale and servicing of mortgages for us, and (iv) providing us with investment advisory services. Our manager is responsible for our day-to-day operations and performs (or causes to be performed) services and activities relating to our assets and operations as may be appropriate, including, without limitation, the following:

 

    serving as our consultant with respect to formulation of investment criteria and preparation of policy guidelines by our board of directors;

 

    counseling us in connection with policy decisions to be made by our board of directors;

 

    investigating, analyzing and selecting potential investment opportunities for us;

 

    making all decisions concerning the evaluation, purchase, negotiation, structuring, monitoring, and disposition of our investments, including the accumulation of assets for securitization;

 

    evaluating, recommending and approving all decisions regarding any financings, securitizations, hedging activities or borrowings undertaken by us;

 

    arranging for the issuance of mortgage backed securities from pools of mortgage loans or mortgage backed securities owned by us;

 

    making available to us its knowledge and experience with respect to real estate, real estate related assets and real estate operating companies;

 

    engaging and supervising, on our behalf and at our expense, independent contractors that provide real estate brokerage, legal, accounting, transfer agent, registrar and leasing services, master servicing, special servicing, mortgage brokerage, securities brokerage, banking, investment banking and other financial services and such other services as may be required relating to our investments or potential investments;

 

    engaging and supervising, on our behalf and at our expense, other service providers to us; and

 

    providing certain general management services to us relating to our day-to-day operations and administration (including, e.g., communicating with the holders of our equity and debt securities as required to satisfy the reporting and other requirements of any governing bodies or agencies and to maintain effective relations with these holders, causing us to qualify to do business in all applicable jurisdictions, complying with all regulatory requirements applicable to us in respect of our business activities, including preparing all financial statements required under applicable regulations and contractual undertakings and all reports and documents, if any, required under the Exchange Act, and causing us to comply with all applicable laws).

 

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Our manager has not assumed any responsibility other than to render the services called for under the management agreement and is not responsible for any action of our board of directors in following or declining to follow its advice or recommendations. Our manager, its directors and its officers are not liable to us, any subsidiary of ours, our directors, our stockholders or any subsidiary’s stockholders for acts performed in accordance with and pursuant to the management agreement, except by reason of acts constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of their duties under the management agreement. We have agreed to indemnify our manager, its directors and its officers with respect to all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims arising from acts of our manager not constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of its duties, performed in good faith in accordance with and pursuant to the management agreement. Our manager has agreed to indemnify us, our directors and officers with respect to all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims arising from acts of our manager constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its duties under the management agreement. Our manager carries errors and omissions and other customary insurance.

 

JER, through our manager, has provided to us key personnel, including a president and chief financial officer, whose primary responsibility is to provide management services to us. These persons devote as much of their time to our management as our board of directors reasonably deems necessary and appropriate, commensurate with our level of activity.

 

Term and Termination Rights

 

The management agreement has an initial term of two years and will be automatically renewed for one-year terms thereafter unless terminated by either us or our manager. The management agreement does not limit the number of renewal terms. The management agreement may only be terminated without cause upon the date of completion of the initial term of the management agreement, which is June 4, 2006. Our manager must be provided 180 days prior notice of any termination without cause or non-renewal of the agreement and under those circumstances will be paid a termination fee, within ninety days of termination, equal to four times the sum of our manager’s base management fees and incentive fees for the 12-month period preceding the date of termination, calculated as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter prior to the date of termination. In addition, following any termination of the management agreement, we must pay our manager all compensation accruing to the date of termination. We also may not assign the management agreement in whole or in part to a third party without the written consent of our manager.

 

In addition, if we decide to terminate the management agreement without cause due to fees that our independent directors have determined to be unfair, our manager may agree to perform its management services at fees our independent directors determine to be fair, and the management agreement will not terminate. Our manager may give us notice that it wishes to renegotiate the fees, in which case we and our manager must negotiate in good faith, and if we cannot agree on a revised fee structure at the end of our 180 day notice period, the agreement will terminate, and we must pay the termination fees described above.

 

We may also terminate the management agreement with 60 days’ prior notice for cause, which is defined as (i) our manager’s fraud or gross negligence, (ii) our manager’s willful noncompliance with the management agreement, (iii) the commencement of any proceeding relating to our manager’s bankruptcy or insolvency or a material breach of any provision of the management agreement, uncured for a period of 60 days or (iv) a change in control of our manager. Our manager may at any time assign certain duties under the management agreement to any affiliate of our manager provided that our manager shall remain liable to us for the affiliate’s performance.

 

Management Fees and Incentive Compensation

 

We do not maintain an office or employ personnel. Instead we rely on the facilities and resources of our manager to conduct our operations. Expense reimbursements to our manager are made monthly. The management fee is payable monthly in arrears in cash, and the incentive fee is payable quarterly in arrears in cash.

 

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Base Management Fee . We pay our manager a base management fee monthly in arrears in an amount equal to 1/12 of the sum of (i) 2.0% of the first $400 million of our equity and (ii) 1.5% of our equity in an amount in excess of $400 million and up to $800 million and (iii) 1.25% of our equity in excess of $800 million. For purposes of calculating the base management fee, our equity equals the month-end value, computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, of our stockholders’ equity, adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains, losses or other items that do not affect realized net income. Our manager uses the proceeds from its management fee in part to pay compensation to JER officers and employees provided to us through our manager who, notwithstanding that certain of them also are our officers, receive no cash compensation directly from us. During the period from April 19, 2004 (inception) through December 31, 2004, we incurred $1.9 million in base management fees in accordance with the terms of our management agreement.

 

Reimbursement of Expenses . Because JER personnel and affiliates perform certain legal, accounting, due diligence, asset management, securitization, property management, leasing and other services that outside professionals or outside consultants otherwise would perform, our manager may be paid or reimbursed for the cost of JER personnel and affiliates performing such tasks, provided that such costs and reimbursements are no greater than those that would be paid to outside professionals or consultants on an arm’s-length basis. Our manager, in turn, is responsible for reimbursing JER and its affiliates for such services. In addition, our manager is reimbursed for any expenses incurred in contracting with third parties, including affiliates of our manager, for the special servicing of our assets. In addition, each CMBS securitization requires that a special servicer be appointed by the purchaser controlling the most subordinated non-investment grade class of securities. As our manager does not have special servicer status, it is required to appoint JER or another entity that has special servicer status as the special servicer whenever we acquire a controlling interest in the most subordinated non-investment grade class of a CMBS securitization. All fees due JER as special servicer are paid by the securitization vehicle and not by us.

 

We also pay all operating expenses of our manager, except those specifically required to be borne by our manager under the management agreement. Our manager is responsible for all costs incident to the performance of its duties under the management agreement, including the employment compensation of the JER personnel who perform services for us pursuant to the management agreement. The expenses required to be paid by us include, but are not limited to, issuance and transaction costs incident to the acquisition, disposition and financing of our investments, legal and auditing fees and expenses, the compensation and expenses of our independent directors, the costs associated with our establishment and maintenance of any credit facilities and other indebtedness (including commitment fees, legal fees, closing costs and similar expenses), expenses associated with other securities offerings by us, expenses relating to the payment of dividends, costs incurred by personnel of JER for travel on our behalf, costs associated with any computer software or hardware that is used primarily for us, all taxes and license fees and all insurance costs incurred by us. Our manager has agreed that for the initial 12 month period of the management agreement (through June 4, 2005), our pro rata portion of rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead expenses of our manager and its affiliates required for our operations shall not exceed $1.2 million.

 

In accordance with the provisions of our management agreement, we recorded reimbursements to JER of $0.3 million for certain expenses incurred on our behalf for the period from April 19, 2004 (inception) through December 31, 2004, which are included in general and administrative expenses on financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition, we reimbursed JER for costs in the amount of $0.1 million related to the private placement.

 

Incentive Compensation . Our manager is entitled to receive quarterly incentive compensation pursuant to the terms of the management agreement with us. The purpose of the incentive compensation is to provide an additional incentive for our manager to achieve targeted levels of Funds From Operations and to increase our stockholder value. Our manager is entitled to receive quarterly incentive compensation in an amount equal to the product of:

 

(i) 25% of the dollar amount by which

 

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(a) our Funds From Operations per share of common stock for such quarter, exceed

 

(b) an amount equal to (A) the weighted average prices per share of our common stock in all offerings by us multiplied by (B) the greater of (1) 2.25% or (2) .875% plus one fourth of the 10-year U.S. treasury rate (as defined below) for such quarter

 

multiplied by

 

(ii) the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding in such quarter.

 

“Funds From Operations” means net income (computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles), excluding gains (losses) from debt restructuring and gains (or losses) from sales of property, plus depreciation and amortization on real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Funds From Operations does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income as an indication of our performance or to cash flows as a measure of liquidity or ability to make distributions.

 

“10-year U.S. treasury rate” means the arithmetic average of the weekly average yield to maturity for actively traded current coupon U.S. Treasury fixed interest rate securities (adjusted to a constant maturity of 10 years) published by the Federal Reserve board during a quarter, or, if such rate is not published by the Federal Reserve board, any Federal Reserve bank or agency or department or the federal government selected by us. If we determine in good faith that the 10-year U.S. treasury rate cannot be calculated as provided above, then the rate shall be the arithmetic average of the per annum average yields to maturities, based upon closing asked prices on each business day during a quarter, for each actively traded marketable U.S. Treasury fixed interest rate security with a final maturity date not less than eight nor more than 12 years from the date of the closing asked prices as chosen and quoted for each business day in each such quarter in New York City by at least three recognized dealers in United States government securities selected by us.

 

During the period from April 19, 2004 (inception) through December 31, 2004, we incurred no incentive fees.

 

Incentive Awards . On the date of consummation of the private placement, we granted 335,000 shares of common stock to our manager and an aggregate of 6,000 shares of restricted stock to our three independent directors pursuant to the incentive plan. Subsequent to the private placement, Frank Caufield and James Kimsey joined our board of directors and in July 2004, each was granted 2,000 shares of restricted stock. In the sole discretion of the compensation committee of our board of directors, we may from time to time grant additional equity incentive awards pursuant to the incentive plan. These awards provide a means of performance-based compensation in order to provide an additional incentive for our manager and our directors to enhance the value of our common stock. These awards described above were made pursuant to the incentive plan and are subject to the maximum number of shares available for issuance (1,150,000 shares) under the incentive plan.

 

Conflicts of Interest in Our Relationship with Our Manager

 

Our chairman, Joseph E. Robert, Jr., also serves as chairman and chief executive officer of J.E. Robert Company, Inc. and, at the time of our formation when our management agreement, incentive compensation plan and other organizational matters were approved for us, Mr. Robert was our sole stockholder and our sole director. In addition, Mr. Robert and J.E. Robert Company, Inc. are the only members of our manager. As a result, these matters were not negotiated at arm’s length and their terms, including fees payable to our manager, may not be as favorable to us as if they had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party.

 

JER currently manages and invests in, and will continue to manage and invest in, other real estate-related investment entities and is not required to devote a specific amount of time to us. In addition, our chairman and our other officers also serve as officers and directors of these other entities. JER, in its capacity as general partner

 

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of the JER Funds, is currently in the process of making investments in a wide range of commercial real estate equity and debt assets for JER Fund III, one of the JER Funds. The JER Fund III partnership agreement restricts JER’s ability to form another pooled investment fund with investment objectives substantially similar to those of JER Fund III. However, JER is permitted by the JER Fund III partnership agreement to manage an entity that, like us, invests primarily (a) residential mortgages and related securities and (b) CMBS and other related loans issued in connection with conduit securitizations. The JER Fund III partnership agreement defines “conduit securitizations” as CMBS collateralized primarily by newly originated loans (i) issued for the purposes of securitizations, (ii) with fixed interest rates and maturities of seven to ten years and (iii) with loan to value ratios generally averaging approximately 75% and debt service coverage ratios generally averaging 1.25% based on net cash flow from the underlying real estate, all as reasonably determined by JER as general partner acting in good faith. The JER Fund III partnership agreement may limit our ability to invest in real estate structured finance products other than (a) residential mortgages and related securities and (b) CMBS and other related loans issued in connection with conduit securitizations because, pursuant to the agreement, we must invest primarily in those classes of investments. This may require us to forego desirable investment opportunities and subject us to the risk that we will be limited in our ability to refocus our investment strategy if trends in the availability and performance of residential mortgages and related securities and conduit securitization investments make such a change desirable.

 

While we intend to target primarily conduit commercial mortgage backed securities, mezzanine loans, bridge loans, B-Notes, preferred equity, loans to real estate companies, mortgage loans and net leased real estate and residential mortgages and related securities, JER Fund III seeks to invest in direct ownership of real estate, non-conduit commercial mortgage backed securities, equity securities, preferred equity and high yield debt (typically with equity participation). The investments we intend to pursue may overlap with the investment objectives of JER Fund III. JER has developed a conflicts policy in an effort to provide fair treatment of us and JER Fund III with respect to investment allocation. Acting reasonably and in good faith, JER will determine if any real estate debt products sourced for either JER Fund III or us meet both our own and JER Fund III’s investment objectives, taking into account such considerations as risk/return objectives, nature of the investment focus of each entity, leverage and other restrictions, tax and regulatory issues, expected holding periods, current pay or accrual features, product and geographic concentration, the relative sources of capital and any other consideration deemed relevant by JER. We and JER Fund III may both acquire any such overlapping investments subject to the applicable provisions of the conflicts of interest policy. If there is an overlap on a particular investment, JER will allocate the investment opportunity equally between us and JER Fund III wherever reasonably practicable. Where JER determines that an equal allocation is not reasonably practicable, JER will allocate that investment in a manner that it determines in good faith to be fair and reasonable. JER will also apply the foregoing allocation procedures between us and any future investment funds, companies or vehicles or other entities it controls with which we have overlapping investment objectives. JER may alter these policies at any time without notice to or input from us or our stockholders.

 

We are permitted to invest in debt securities or loans relating to real estate assets where JER Fund III has an equity interest. However, in the event of a default under that indebtedness, we must either give control of the foreclosure or restructuring process to other unaffiliated holders of that debt or transfer decision making power to an unaffiliated entity.

 

JER also intends to engage in additional real estate-related management and investment opportunities in the future that may also compete with us for investments. JER will also apply the foregoing allocation procedures between us and any future fund it controls with which we have overlapping investment objectives. However, so long as the management agreement is in effect, JER has agreed not to raise, sponsor or advise any new investment fund, company or vehicle (including any REIT) that invests primarily in conduit CMBS and other related loan products in the United States.

 

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The management compensation structure that we have agreed to with our manager may also cause our manager to invest in high risk investments. In addition to its base management fee, our manager is entitled to receive incentive compensation based in part upon our achievement of targeted levels of Funds from Operations. In evaluating investments and other management strategies, the opportunity to earn incentive compensation based on Funds from Operations may lead our manager to place undue emphasis on the maximization of Funds from Operations at the expense of other criteria, such as preservation of capital, in order to achieve a higher incentive compensation. Investments with higher yield potential are generally riskier or more speculative. This could result in increased risk to the value of our invested portfolio.

 

The management agreement between us and our manager may only be terminated by either party to the agreement without cause after the completion of the initial term of the management agreement on June 4, 2006. Our manager will be provided 180 days prior notice of any such termination and will be paid a termination fee, within ninety days of termination, equal to four times the sum of the base management fee and the incentive fee for the 12-month period preceding the date of termination, calculated as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter prior to the date of termination. In addition, following any termination of the management agreement, we must pay our manager all compensation accruing to the date of such termination. We also may not assign the management agreement in whole or in part to a third party without the written consent of our manager. These provisions increase the effective cost to us of terminating the management agreement, thereby adversely affecting our ability to terminate our manager without cause.

 

Our manager is authorized to follow very broad investment guidelines and has great latitude within those guidelines in determining the types of assets it may decide are proper investments for us. Our directors periodically review our investment guidelines and our investment portfolio. However, our board will not review each proposed investment. In addition, in conducting periodic reviews, the directors will rely primarily on information provided to them by our manager. Furthermore, transactions entered into by our manager may be difficult or impossible to unwind by the time they are reviewed by our directors.

 

We have adopted certain policies that are designed to eliminate or minimize certain potential conflicts of interest. Our board of directors has established investment guidelines, and our independent directors have approved these investment guidelines. Except with respect to the allocation of investments made pursuant to the JER’s conflicts policy in effect with respect to us and JER Fund III, we are not permitted to invest in joint ventures with our manager or its affiliates unless the investment is (i) made in accordance with the above guidelines and (ii) approved by all of the independent members of our board of directors. In addition, we are not permitted to (i) consummate any transaction that would the involve the acquisition by us of an asset in which our manager or any of its affiliates has an ownership interest, or the sale by us of an asset to our manager or any of its affiliates, (ii) under circumstances where our manager is subject to an actual or potential conflict of interest because it is manages both us and any other person with which we have a contractual relationship, take any action constituting the granting to such person of a waiver, forbearance or other relief, or the enforcement against such person of remedies, under or with respect to the applicable contract or (iii) make a loan to any affiliate of our manager, unless such transaction or action is approved by all independent members of our board.

 

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MANAGEMENT

 

Our Directors and Executive Officers

 

Our board of directors consists of seven directors, five of whom are independent directors, as determined by our board of directors, consistent with the rules of the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Upon the expiration of their current terms at the annual meeting of stockholders in 2005, directors will be elected to serve a term of one year. Our by-laws provide that a majority of the entire board of directors may establish, increase or decrease the number of directors, provided that the number of directors shall never be less than one, which is the minimum number required by the Maryland General Corporation Law, nor more than 15. All officers serve at the discretion of our board of directors. The following table sets forth certain information about our directors and executive officers.

 

Name


   Age

  

Position With Us


Joseph E. Robert, Jr.  

   53    Chairman of the Board of Directors

Keith W. Belcher

   45    Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors and Executive Vice President

Daniel J. Altobello

   64    Independent Director

Peter D. Linneman

   54    Independent Director

W. Russell Ramsey

   45    Independent Director

Frank Caufield

   65    Independent Director

James Kimsey

   65    Independent Director

Gene C. McQuown

   50    President and Chief Investment Officer

Tae-Sik Yoon

   37    Executive Vice President

Kari L. Doescher

   40    Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Kenneth D. Krejca

   35    Vice President

Daniel T. Ward

   47    Secretary

 

Information for each of our independent directors is set forth below. For biographical information on Messrs. Robert, Belcher, McQuown, Yoon, Krejca and Ward and Ms. Doescher, see “Our Manager and the Management Agreement—Officers of Our Manager.”

 

Daniel J. Altobello has been a director since April 2004. Since 1991, Mr. Altobello has been chairman of Altobello Family LP. Mr. Altobello also served as chairman of the board of Onex Food Services, Inc., the parent corporation of Caterair International, Inc. and LSG/SKY Chefs from 1995 to 2001. From 1989 to 1995, Mr. Altobello was the chairman, chief executive officer and president of Caterair International Corporation. He currently serves on the board of directors of MESA Air Group, World Airways, Inc., and Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group, Inc., the parent company of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co, Inc., the lead managing underwriter of this offering. In addition, Mr. Altobello serves on the board for a number of non-public entities, including the Advisory Board of Thayer Capital Partners, Mercury Air Centers, Associated Asphalt and Diamond Rock Hospitality Trust, Inc.

 

Peter D. Linneman has been a director since April 2004. Dr. Linneman is the Albert Sussman Professor of Real Estate, Finance and Public Policy at the Wharton School of Business, the University of Pennsylvania. A member of Wharton’s faculty since 1979, Dr. Linneman served as the founding chairman of Wharton’s real estate department, the director of Wharton’s Zell-Lurie Real Estate Center for 13 years and the founding co-editor of The Wharton Real Estate Review. Dr. Linneman is currently the principal of Linneman Associates. He serves on the board of directors of Equity One, Inc. and Bedford Property Investors. Dr. Linneman holds a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Chicago.

 

W. Russell Ramsey has been a director since April 2004. He is also the chairman and chief executive officer of Ramsey Asset Management, a Washington, D.C.-based investment firm, which he founded in 2001. Prior to 2001, Mr. Ramsey was president and co-chief executive officer of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group,

 

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Inc., which he co-founded in 1989 and which is the parent of Friedman, Billing, Ramsey Co., Inc., the lead managing underwriter of this offering. He is currently a member of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group’s board of directors, and currently sits on the board of Quanta Capital Holdings Ltd. as well as the boards of several private and non-profit companies. He is also on the National Geographic Society’s Council of Advisors, and is a vice chairman of George Washington University’s 2004-2005 board of trustees. He received a B.S. in Business Administration from George Washington University.

 

Frank Caufield has been a director since June 2004. He is a co-founder and partner of Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers (KPCB). KPCB is one of the largest and most prominent venture capital firms in the United States. Since 1978, it has invested in over 250 companies that today have revenues of over $150 billion and employ over 300,000 people. Mr. Caufield has served on the board of Quantum Corporation, Caremark, Inc., Megabios, Verifone, Inc., Wyse Technology, Quickturn Corporation, and AOL-Time Warner, as well as many other private and public companies. He is currently on the board of Time Warner. He also serves as a director of The U.S. Russia Investment Fund, Refugees International, The Jamestown Foundation, is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and serves as Chairman of the Child Abuse Prevention Society of San Francisco. Prior to the formation of KPCB, Mr. Caufield was a general partner and manager of Oak Grove Ventures, a venture capital partnership located in Menlo Park, California. He is a past president of both the Western Association of Venture Capitalists and the National Venture Capital Association. Mr. Caufield is a graduate of the United States Military Academy and holds an MBA from the Harvard Business School.

 

James V. Kimsey has been a director since June 2004. Mr. Kimsey is the Founding CEO of America Online, Inc. In 1996, he became AOL Chairman Emeritus and turned his energies to new challenges in business, philanthropy and personal diplomacy through the creation of the Kimsey Foundation. He currently holds a presidential appointment to the Kennedy Center Board of Trustees and is chairman of the International Commission on Missing Persons. He is a member of the board of directors of Capital One Financial Corporation, Thayer Capital, the American Film Institute, Innisfree, the JFK Center for Performing Arts, the National Symphony Orchestra, Refugees International, the Washington Scholarship Fund, the International Crisis Group, and the US Russian Investment Fund as well as civic and charitable organizations. He serves on the Executive Committee of the Washington National Opera and the National Symphony. Mr. Kimsey is a graduate of the United States Military Academy.

 

Corporate Governance—Board of Directors and Committees

 

Our business is managed through the oversight and direction of our board of directors, which has established investment guidelines for our manager to follow in its day to day management of our business. A majority of our board of directors is “independent,” as determined by our board of directors, consistent with the rules of the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Our independent directors are nominated by our nominating and corporate governance committee.

 

Our board consists of seven directors, two of whom are affiliated with our manager and five of whom are “independent” directors. The directors keep informed about our business at meetings of our board and its committees and through supplemental reports and communications. Our independent directors meet regularly in executive sessions without the presence of our corporate officers.

 

Our board has established three committees consisting solely of independent directors, the principal functions of which are briefly described below. Matters put to a vote at any one of our three committees must be approved by a majority of the directors on the committee who are present at a meeting at which there is a quorum or by unanimous written consent of the directors on that committee.

 

Audit Committee

 

Our board of directors has established an audit committee, which is composed of three of our independent directors, Messrs. Altobello, Ramsey and Linneman. Mr. Altobello chairs our audit committee and serves as our

 

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audit committee financial expert, as that term is defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The audit committee assists the board in overseeing:

 

    our accounting and financial reporting processes;

 

    the integrity and audits of our consolidated financial statements;

 

    our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements;

 

    the qualifications and independence of our independent auditors; and

 

    the performance of our independent auditors and any internal auditors.

 

The audit committee is also responsible for engaging independent public accountants, reviewing with the independent public accountants the plans and results of the audit engagement, approving professional services provided by the independent public accountants, reviewing the independence of the independent public accountants, considering the range of audit and non-audit fees and reviewing the adequacy of our internal accounting controls.

 

Compensation Committee

 

Our board of directors has established a compensation committee, which is composed of Messrs. Kimsey, Caufield and Altobello. Mr. Kimsey chairs our compensation committee. The principal functions of the compensation committee are to:

 

    evaluate the performance of our officers;

 

    review the compensation payable to our officers;

 

    evaluate the performance of our manager;

 

    review the compensation and fees payable to our manager under our management agreement; and

 

    administer the issuance of any stock issued to our employees or the employees of our manager who provide services to us.

 

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

 

Our board of directors has established a nominating and corporate governance committee, which is composed of Messrs. Linneman, Ramsey and Kimsey. Mr. Linneman chairs our nominating and corporate governance committee. The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for seeking, considering and recommending to the full board of directors qualified candidates for election as directors and recommending a slate of nominees for election as directors at the annual meeting of stockholders. It also periodically prepares and submits to the board for adoption the committee’s selection criteria for director nominees. It reviews and makes recommendations on matters involving general operation of the board and our corporate governance, and annually recommends to the board nominees for each committee of the board. In addition, the committee annually facilitates the assessment of the board of directors’ performance as a whole and of the individual directors and reports thereon to the board.

 

Compensation of Directors

 

We pay a $30,000 annual director’s fee to each of our independent directors. All members of our board of directors are reimbursed for their costs and expenses in attending all meetings of our board of directors. We pay an annual fee of $10,000 to the chair of the audit committee of our board of directors and an annual fee of $5,000 to the chair of any other committee of our board of directors. Fees to the directors may be made by issuance of common stock, based on the value of such common stock at the date of issuance, rather than in cash. In addition, pursuant to our incentive plan, we provided to each director who was not our officer or employee an initial

 

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restricted stock grant of 2,000 shares of our common stock on the closing of the private placement. On June 30, 2004, Frank Caufield and James Kimsey joined our board of directors and in July 2004, each was granted 2,000 shares of restricted stock. Any director who joins the board in the future will receive an initial restricted stock grant of 2,000 shares upon attendance of his or her first board of directors meeting. One half of the shares subject to each director’s initial restricted stock grant will fully vest on the date of grant, and the other half will vest on the first anniversary of the date of grant, as long as the director is serving as a board member on the first anniversary of the date of grant. All of the shares subject to each director’s initial restricted stock grant are subject to restrictions on transferability for a period of one year from the date of grant. The incentive plan also provides for automatic, annual restricted stock awards of 2,000 shares of our common stock on the first business day after our annual meeting of stockholders to each director who is not our officer or employee and who is on our board of directors at the time of such meeting. One half of the shares subject to each director’s annual restricted stock grant will fully vest on the date of grant, and the other half will vest on the first anniversary of the date of grant, as long as the director is serving as a board member on the first anniversary of the date of grant. All of the shares subject to each director’s annual restricted stock grant will be subject to restrictions on transferability for a period of one year from the date of grant.

 

Executive Compensation

 

Because our management agreement provides that our manager is responsible for managing our affairs, our officers, in their capacities as such, do not receive cash compensation directly from us. We pay our manager an annual management fee, and our manager uses the proceeds from the management fee in part to pay compensation to its officers and employees, some of whom are our officers. Our manager has informed us that, because the services performed by these officers or employees in their capacities as such are performed primarily, but not exclusively, for us, it cannot segregate and identify that portion of the compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our officers by the manager that relates solely to their services to us.

 

Incentive Plan

 

We have adopted the JER Investors Trust Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan, referred to in this prospectus as the incentive plan, to provide incentives to attract and retain qualified directors, officers, employees, advisors, consultants and other personnel. JER and our manager and their respective directors, officers, employees and affiliates and our officers, directors, employees, consultants and advisors are eligible to receive awards under the incentive plan. The incentive plan is administered by the compensation committee of our board of directors. The incentive plan has a term of ten years from May 27, 2004. A maximum of 1,150,000 shares may be issued during the plan’s life.

 

The incentive plan permits the granting of options that do not qualify as incentive stock options under section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code to purchase shares of our common stock. The exercise price of each option will be determined by the committee and may be less than the fair market value of our common stock subject to the option on the date of grant. The committee will determine the terms of each option, including when each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment during which options may be exercised. Options become vested and exercisable in installments, and the exercisability of options may be accelerated by the committee. Upon exercise of options, the option exercise price must be paid in full either in cash or its equivalent, by certified or bank check, by delivery of a promissory note or other instrument acceptable to the committee or, if the committee so permits, by delivery of shares of common stock already owned by the optionee or by a broker pursuant to irrevocable instructions to the broker from the optionee. All options granted under the incentive plan will become immediately and fully exercisable upon a change in control of us.

 

The incentive plan also allows for awards of restricted stock. A restricted stock award is an award of shares of common stock that may be subject to forfeiture (vesting), restrictions on transferability and such other restrictions, if any, as the committee may impose at the date of grant. The shares may vest and the restrictions

 

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may lapse separately or in combination at such times, under such circumstances, including, without limitation, a specified period of employment or the satisfaction of pre-established criteria, in such installments or otherwise, as our board of directors or a committee of our board of directors may determine. Except to the extent restricted under the award agreement relating to the restricted stock, a participant-granted restricted stock has all of the rights of a stockholder, including, without limitation, the right to vote and the right to receive dividends on the restricted shares. Although dividends are paid on all restricted stock, whether or not vested, at the same rate and on the same date as on shares of our common stock, holders of restricted stock are prohibited from selling the shares until they vest. All shares of restricted stock granted under the incentive plan will become immediately and fully vested upon a change of control of us.

 

The committee may also grant shares of our common stock, stock appreciation rights, performance awards and other stock and non-stock-based awards under the incentive plan. These awards may be subject to such conditions and restrictions as the committee may determine, including, but not limited to, the achievement of certain performance goals or continued employment with us through a specific period. Each award under the plan may not be exercisable more than 10 years after the date of grant.

 

Our board of directors may at any time amend, alter or discontinue the incentive plan, but cannot, without a participant’s consent, take any action that would impair the rights of such participant under any award granted under the plan. To the extent required by law, the board of directors will obtain approval of the stockholders for any amendment that would:

 

    other than through adjustment as provided in the incentive plan, increase the total number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under the incentive plan;

 

    change the class of eligible participants under the incentive plan; or

 

    otherwise require such approval.

 

Incentive Awards

 

On June 4, 2004, we granted 335,000 shares of common stock to our manager, and 6,000 shares of common stock to our then three independent directors pursuant to our incentive plan. On June 30, 2004, Frank Caufield and James Kimsey joined our board of directors and in July 2004, each was granted 2,000 shares of restricted stock. Our board may from time to time grant additional equity incentive awards to such persons, including up to 230,000 additional shares of restricted stock.

 

Limitation of Liability and Indemnification

 

Maryland Law permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from (i) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (ii) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. Our charter contains such a provision and eliminates such liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.

 

Our charter authorizes us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to indemnify and pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (i) any present or former director or officer or (ii) any individual who, while serving as our director or officer and at our request, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee of such corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, from and against any claim or liability to which such person may become subject or which such person may incur by reason of his or her status as our present or former director or officer. Our by-laws obligate us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to indemnify and pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a

 

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proceeding to (i) any present or former director or officer who is made a party to the proceeding by reason of his service in that capacity or (ii) any individual who, while serving as our director and at our request, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee of such corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, and who is made a party to the proceeding by reason of his service in that capacity. Our charter and by-laws also permit us to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served any predecessor of us in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of us or of our predecessor.

 

Maryland law requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he is made a party by reason of his service in that capacity. Maryland law permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that (i) the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (a) was committed in bad faith or (b) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (ii) the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (iii) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. However, under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that a personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification and then only for expenses. In addition, the MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation’s receipt of (i) a written affirmation by the director or officer of his good faith belief that he has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation and (ii) a written undertaking by him or on his behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it shall ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct was not met.

 

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

Our chairman and each of our executive officers also serve as officers of our manager and other affiliated companies of JER. At the time of our formation when our management agreement, incentive plan, conflicts policy and other organizational matters were approved for us, Mr. Robert, the sole stockholder of J.E. Robert Company, Inc., was our sole stockholder and sole director. In addition, Mr. Robert and J.E. Robert Company, Inc. are the only members of our manager. As a result, these matters were not negotiated at arm’s length and their terms, including fees payable to our manager, may not be as favorable to us as if they had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party. In addition, JER and its affiliates manage other real estate investment entities including JER Fund III, which may have investment objectives similar to ours. See “Our Manager and the Management Agreement—Conflicts of Interest in Our Relationship with Our Manager.”

 

Our manager received an award of 335,000 shares of our common stock upon closing of our June 2004 private placement. JER and its affiliates, including officers and directors and J.E. Robert Company, Inc. and our manager, currently beneficially own approximately 11.6% of our common stock and upon completion of this offering, will beneficially own approximately             % of our common stock.

 

Two of our directors, Messrs. Altobello and Ramsey, are also directors of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group, Inc., the parent company of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. acted as initial purchaser and placement agent in connection with the private placement and Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. and its affiliates purchased 910,683 shares in that offering. Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. is the lead managing underwriter of this offering.

 

Pursuant to the terms of our management agreement with JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC, our manager, we pay our manager a monthly base management fee and, if earned, a quarterly incentive fee. The management agreement also provides that we will reimburse our manager for certain expenses incurred by our manager on our behalf. During the period from April 19, 2004 (inception) through December 31, 2004, we incurred $1.9 million in base management fees to our manager. We also recorded reimbursements to our manager of $0.3 million for certain expenses incurred on our behalf during the same period, which are included in general and administrative expenses on our financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition, we reimbursed JER for costs in the amount of $0.1 million related to the private placement. We incurred no incentive fee during this period. See “Our Manager and the Management Agreement.”

 

We have not entered into any other transactions in which any other director or officer or stockholder of ours or of our manager had any material interest.

 

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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

 

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the ownership of our common stock by our manager, each holder of five percent or more of our common stock known to us as of February 14, 2005, each of our executive, officers, each of our directors and all our directors and executive officers as a group prior to, and upon completion of this offering. Unless otherwise indicated, all shares are owned directly, and the indicated person has sole voting and investment power.

 

     Prior to this Offering

    After this Offering

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1)(2)


   Number of
Shares Beneficially
Owned


    Percent
of Class


    Number of
Shares Beneficially
Owned


   Percent
of Class


Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group, Inc.  

   910,683 (3)   7.7 %         

Joseph E. Robert, Jr.  

   853,340 (4)   7.2 %         

JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC

   335,000 (5)   2.8 %         

Frank Caufield

   135,333 (6)   1.1 %         

James Kimsey

   135,000 (6)   1.1 %         

W. Russell Ramsey

   35,300 (7)   *           

Gene C. McQuown

   26,667     *           

Keith W. Belcher

   20,000     *           

Tae-Sik Yoon

   7,000     *           

Kari L. Doescher

   6,667     *           

Daniel T. Ward

   3,500     *           

Daniel J. Altobello

   2,000 (8)   *           

Peter D. Linneman

   2,000 (8)   *           

Kenneth D. Krejca

   1,667     *           

All directors and officers as a group (12 persons)

   1,228,474     10.4 %        %

J.E. Robert Company, Inc. and affiliates

   1,371,309 (9)   11.6 %         

 * Less than 1%.
(1) Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and generally includes securities over which a person has voting or investment power. Shares of common stock subject to options or warrants currently exercisable, or exercisable within 60 days of the date hereof, are deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of the person holding such options or warrants but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of any other person.
(2) The address of JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC and all officers and directors listed above is c/o J.E. Robert Company, Inc., 1650 Tysons Blvd., Suite 1600, McLean, Virginia 22102.
(3) Includes 377,350 shares owned directly by Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group, Inc., the parent company of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc., and 533,333 shares held by various investment funds over which Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group, Inc., through a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary, exercises shared investment and voting power. The address for Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group, Inc. is 1001 Nineteenth Street North, 18th Floor, Arlington Virginia 22209.
(4) Includes 335,000 shares granted to JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC pursuant to our incentive plan upon closing of the private placement. Joseph E. Robert, Jr. is the managing member of JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC and owns, directly or indirectly, 100% of its membership interests.
(5) Represents a stock grant upon closing of the private placement pursuant to our incentive plan.
(6) Includes a restricted stock grant of 2,000 shares. One half of the shares subject to this grant fully vested on July 20, 2004, and the other half will vest on July 20, 2005, as long as such director is serving as a board member on such date.
(7) Includes a restricted stock grant of 2,000 shares upon closing of the private placement pursuant to our incentive plan. One half of the shares subject to this grant fully vested on June 4, 2004, and the other half will vest on June 4, 2005, as long as such director is serving as a board member on such date. Mr. Ramsey holds all other shares of common stock through RNR, LLC, which is jointly owned by Mr. Ramsey and his wife, Norma Ramsey.
(8) Represents a restricted stock grant of 2,000 shares upon closing of the private placement pursuant to our incentive plan. One half of the shares subject to this grant fully vested on June 4, 2004, and the other half will vest on June 4, 2005, as long as such director is serving as a board member on such date.
(9) Includes shares of common stock owned by JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC, Joseph E. Robert, Jr., all officers, directors and employees of JER Investors Trust Inc. and all officers, directors and employees of J.E. Robert Company, Inc. and affiliates.

 

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SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

 

The following table sets forth information, as of             , 2005, with respect to the selling stockholders and shares of our common stock beneficially owned by the selling stockholders that selling stockholders propose to offer pursuant to this prospectus.

 

The shares of common stock offered by the selling stockholders pursuant to this prospectus were originally issued and sold by us in the private placement in June 2004. The term selling stockholders includes the holders of our common stock listed below and the beneficial owners of the common stock and their transferees, pledgees, donees or other successors.

 

Selling Stockholders


   Shares of
Common Stock
Beneficially Owned
Before Resale


   Shares of
Common Stock
Offered by this
Prospectus


   Shares of
Common Stock
Beneficially Owned
After Resale


   Percentage
of Class
Beneficially Owned
After Resale


Total

                   

Selling Stockholders


   Natural Person or Persons with
Voting or Dispositive Power


                     
                     

 

Except as indicated above, the selling stockholders do not have, and have not had since our inception, any position, office or other material relationship with us or any of our predecessors or affiliates. The selling stockholders identified above may have sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of all or a portion of their securities since the date on which they provided the information regarding their securities, in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.

 

The selling stockholders will each agree, with limited exceptions, for a period of 90 days after the date of this prospectus, that they will not, without the prior written consent of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc., directly or indirectly, offer to sell, sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, shares of our common stock or our other capital stock, other than the shares of common stock sold by the selling stockholders in this offering.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

 

The following description of the terms of our stock is only a summary. For a complete description, we refer you to the Maryland General Corporation Law, or the MGCL, our charter and our by-laws, which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Copies of our charter and by-laws are available upon request.

 

General

 

Our charter provides that we may issue up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock, $.01 par value per share, and up to 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $.01 par value per share. Currently, 11,845,010 shares of common stock, and no shares of preferred stock are issued and outstanding. Under Maryland law, our stockholders generally are not liable for our debts or obligations. Upon completion of this offering,                      shares of common stock and no shares of preferred stock will be issued and outstanding.

 

Common Stock

 

All shares of common stock offered by this prospectus will be duly authorized, fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends, if as and when authorized by our board of directors out of assets legally available for the payment of dividends. They are also entitled to share ratably in our assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, after payment of or adequate provision for all of our known debts and liabilities. These rights are subject to the preferential rights of any other class or series of our stock and to the provisions of our charter regarding restrictions on transfer of our stock.

 

Subject to our charter restrictions on transfer of our stock, each outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors. Except as provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of our common stock will possess the exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which means that the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock can elect all of the directors then standing for election, and the holders of the remaining shares will not be able to elect any directors.

 

Holders of our common stock have no preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund, redemption or appraisal rights and have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities. Subject to our charter restrictions on transfer of stock, all shares of common stock will have equal dividend, liquidation and other rights.

 

Under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business, unless approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders holding at least two thirds of the shares entitled to vote on the matter. However, a Maryland corporation may provide in its charter for approval of these matters by a lesser percentage, but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Our charter provides that these matters may be approved by a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

 

Power to Reclassify Unissued Shares of Our Stock

 

Our charter authorizes our board of directors to classify and reclassify any unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock into other classes or series of stock. Prior to issuance of shares of each class or series, our board is required by the MGCL and by our charter to set, subject to our charter restrictions on transfer of stock, the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each class or series. Therefore, our board could authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions which could have the effect of

 

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delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interest. No shares of our preferred stock are presently outstanding and we have no present plans to issue any preferred stock.

 

Power to Issue Additional Shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock

 

We believe that the power to issue additional shares of common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of common stock or preferred stock and thereafter to issue the classified or reclassified shares provides us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs that might arise. These actions can be taken without stockholder approval, unless stockholder approval is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded. Although we have no present intention of doing so, we could issue a class or series of stock that could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control of us that might involve a premium price for holders of common stock or otherwise be in their best interest.

 

Dividend Reinvestment Plan

 

We may implement a dividend reinvestment plan whereby stockholders may automatically reinvest their dividends in our common stock. Details about any such plan would be sent to our stockholders following adoption thereof by our board of directors.

 

Transfer Agent and Registrar

 

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is American Stock Transfer and Trust Company.

 

Transfer Restrictions

 

Our charter, subject to certain exceptions, contains restrictions on the number of shares of our stock that a person may own. No person may acquire or hold, directly or indirectly, shares of capital stock (of all classes or series of our stock) in excess of 9.8% of the aggregate value of our outstanding capital stock.

 

Our charter further prohibits (a) any person from owning shares of our stock that would result in our being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Internal Revenue Code or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT and (b) any person from transferring shares of our stock if the transfer would result in our stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons. Any person who acquires or intends to acquire shares of our stock that may violate any of these restrictions, or who is the intended transferee of shares of our stock which are transferred to the Trust, as defined below, is required to give us immediate written notice and provide us with such information as we may request in order to determine the effect of the transfer on our status as a REIT. The above restrictions will not apply if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT.

 

Our board of directors, in its sole discretion, may exempt a person from certain of these limits, subject to such terms, conditions, representations and undertakings as it may determine.

 

Any attempted transfer of our stock that, if effective, would result in a violation of the above limitations will cause the number of shares causing the violation (rounded to the nearest whole share) to be automatically transferred to a trust (“Trust”) for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries (“Charitable Beneficiary”), and the proposed transferee will not acquire any rights in the shares. The automatic transfer will be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the business day (as defined in our charter) prior to the date of the transfer. Shares of our stock held in the Trust will be issued and outstanding shares. The proposed transferee will not benefit economically from ownership of any shares of stock held in the Trust, will have no rights to dividends and no rights to vote or other rights attributable to the shares of stock held in the Trust. The trustee of the Trust will have all voting rights and rights to dividends or other distributions with respect to the shares held in the Trust. These rights will be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary.

 

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Any dividend or other distribution paid prior to our discovery that shares of stock have been transferred to the Trust will be paid by the recipient to the Trustee upon demand. Any dividend or other distribution authorized but unpaid will be paid when due to the Trustee. Any dividend or distribution paid to the Trustee will be held in trust for the Charitable Beneficiary. Subject to Maryland law, the Trustee will have the authority (i) to rescind as void any vote cast by the proposed transferee prior to our discovery that the shares have been transferred to the Trust and (ii) to recast the vote in accordance with the desires of the Trustee acting for the benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary. However, if we have already taken irreversible corporate action, then the Trustee will not have the authority to rescind and recast the vote. If necessary to protect our status as a REIT, we may establish additional Trusts with distinct Trustees and Charitable Beneficiaries to which shares may be transferred.

 

Within 20 days of receiving notice from us that shares of our stock have been transferred to the Trust, the Trustee will sell the shares to a person designated by the Trustee, whose ownership of the shares will not violate the above ownership limitations. Upon the sale, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the Trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the proposed transferee and to the Charitable Beneficiary as follows. The proposed transferee will receive the lesser of (i) the price paid by the proposed transferee for the shares or, if the proposed transferee did not give value for the shares in connection with the event causing the shares to be held in the Trust (e.g., a gift, devise or other similar transaction), the Market Price (as defined in our charter) of the shares on the day of the event causing the shares to be held in the Trust and (ii) the price received by the Trustee from the sale or other disposition of the shares. Any net sale proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the proposed transferee will be paid immediately to the Charitable Beneficiary. If, prior to our discovery that shares of our stock have been transferred to the Trust, the shares are sold by the proposed transferee, then (i) the shares shall be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the Trust and (ii) to the extent that the proposed transferee received an amount for the shares that exceeds the amount he was entitled to receive, the excess shall be paid to the Trustee upon demand.

 

In addition, shares of our stock held in the Trust will be deemed to have been offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the price per share in the transaction that resulted in the transfer to the Trust (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the Market Price at the time of the devise or gift) and (ii) the Market Price on the date we, or our designee, accept the offer. We will have the right to accept the offer until the Trustee has sold the shares. Upon a sale to us, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the Trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the proposed transferee.

 

All certificates representing shares of our stock will bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.

 

Every owner of more than a specified percentage of our stock that, pursuant to Treasury regulations, may be as low as 0.5%, is required, within 30 days after the end of each taxable year, to give us written notice, stating his name and address, the number of shares of each class and series of our stock which he beneficially owns and a description of the manner in which the shares are held. Each such owner shall provide us with such additional information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of his beneficial ownership on our status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the ownership limits. In addition, each stockholder shall upon demand be required to provide us with such information as we may request in good faith in order to determine our status as a REIT and to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine such compliance.

 

These ownership limits could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for the common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of the stockholders.

 

Registration Rights

 

In connection with the private placement, we entered into a registration rights agreement with Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co. on behalf of the holders of common stock issued in the private placement. Pursuant to

 

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that agreement, we have included in the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part,                      shares of common stock proposed to be offered by certain selling stockholders who purchased shares of our common stock originally issued and sold in the private placement. We have also agreed to file a shelf registration statement for the benefit of the holders of our common stock issued in the private placement within 90 days after the completion of this offering. We agreed to cause such shelf registration statement to remain effective until the first to occur of (1) the disposition of all shares of common stock sold in the private placement under a registration statement or pursuant to Rule 144, (2) the date on which the shares of common stock sold in the private placement are saleable under Rule 144(k) under the Securities Act or (3) the date that is two years after the effective date of the shelf registration statement.

 

If:

 

    after the earlier of the withdrawal or abandonment of this offering, we have not filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC within 30 days after such withdrawal or abandonment;

 

    we do not file a shelf registration statement within 90 days after the completion of this offering; or

 

    we fail to comply with our obligations to file, when and as required, any documents or other materials necessary to effect, or maintain the effectiveness of, any shelf registration statement;

 

the (i) payment of the incentive fee to our manager shall be suspended until such date as we comply with the registration obligations under the registration rights agreement, at which time all suspended amounts shall become due and payable and (ii) our manager shall deliver to us 50% of the 300,000 shares of our common stock granted to our manager and our directors pursuant to our incentive plan upon the closing of the private placement. However, such forfeiture of shares shall not apply if we have endeavored in good faith to timely file either the shelf registration statement but are unable to make such filing timely as a result of circumstances that are beyond our reasonable control. In addition, penalties shall not become effective until after the second business day following such nine month period, during which time we may file a registration statement and cure any failure thereunder.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, we will be permitted, under limited circumstances, to suspend the use, from time to time, of the prospectus that is part of the shelf registration statement (and therefore suspend sales under the shelf registration statement) for certain periods, referred to as “blackout periods,” if a majority of our independent directors, in good faith, determines that it is in our best interest to suspend the use of the registration statement, and:

 

    in an underwritten offering by us where we are advised by the representative of the underwriters for such offering that the sale of registrable shares pursuant to the shelf registration statement would have a material adverse effect on our primary offering;

 

    that the offer or sale of any registrable shares would materially impede, delay or interfere with any material proposed acquisition, merger, tender offer, business combination, corporate reorganization, consolidation or similar material transaction;

 

    after the advice of counsel, sale of the registrable shares would require disclosure of non-public material information not otherwise required to be disclosed under applicable law; and

 

    disclosure would have a material adverse effect on us or on our ability to close the applicable transaction.

 

In addition, we may effect a blackout if a majority of our independent directors, in good faith, determines that it is in our best interest to suspend the use of the registration statement, and, after advice of counsel, that it is required by law, rule or regulation to supplement the registration statement or file a post-effective amendment for the purposes of:

 

    including in the registration statement any prospectus required under Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;

 

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    reflecting any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement that represents a fundamental change in information set forth therein; or

 

    including any material information with respect to the plan of distribution or change to the plan of distribution not set forth therein.

 

The cumulative blackout periods in any 12 month period may not exceed an aggregate of 90 days and furthermore may not exceed 30 days in any 90 day period. We may not institute a blackout period more than three times in any 12 month period. Upon the occurrence of any blackout period, we will use our commercially reasonable efforts to take all action necessary to promptly permit resumed use of the registration statement.

 

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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

 

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that sales of shares or the availability of shares for sale will have on the market price of our common stock prevailing from time to time. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock.

 

Prior to this offering, we have 11,845,010 shares of our common stock outstanding. Upon completion of this offering, we will have outstanding an aggregate of approximately                      shares of our common stock. The shares of common stock sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act unless the shares are held by any of our “affiliates,” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. As defined in Rule 144, an “affiliate” of an issuer is a person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the issuer. The shares of common stock issued in connection with our private placement and not sold in this offering and all shares of our common stock held by our affiliates, including our officers and directors, are restricted securities as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Restricted securities may be sold in the public market only if registered under the securities laws or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rule 144, as described below.

 

Rule 144

 

In general, under Rule 144, a person who owns shares of our common stock that are restricted securities and that were acquired from us or any of our affiliates at least one year prior to the proposed sale is entitled to sell, within any three-month period beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of:

 

    1% of the number of shares of common stock then outstanding; or

 

    the average weekly trading volume of the common stock on the NYSE during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to such sale.

 

Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to certain manner of sale provisions, certain notice requirements and the availability of current public information about us.

 

Our affiliates must comply with all the provisions of Rule 144 other than the one-year holding period requirement in order to sell shares of our common stock that are not restricted securities (such as shares acquired by our affiliates either in this offering or through purchases in the open market following this offering).

 

Rule 144(k)

 

Under Rule 144(k), a person who has not been our affiliate at any time during the three months preceding a sale is entitled to sell restricted securities without regard to the public information, volume limitation, manner of sale and notice provisions of Rule 144, provided that at least two years have elapsed since the later of the date the shares were acquired from us or any of our affiliates.

 

Lock-Up Agreements

 

We will agree with the underwriters not to offer to sell, contract to sell, or otherwise dispose of, loan, pledge or grant any rights with respect to any shares of our common stock, any options or warrants to purchase any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable for any of our common stock for a period of [    ] days following the date of this prospectus, subject to certain exceptions. Our directors and officers will agree, with limited exceptions, for a period of [    ] days after the date of this prospectus, and the selling

 

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stockholders will agree, with limited exceptions, for a period of 90 days after the date of this prospectus, that they will not, without the prior written consent of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., directly or indirectly, offer to sell, sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, shares of our common or our other capital stock other than the shares of common stock sold by the selling stockholders in this offering.

 

In addition, holders of common stock issued in the private placement have agreed not to sell their shares for a period of thirty days prior to, and ninety days following, the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

 

Registration Rights

 

In connection with the private placement, we entered into a registration rights agreement with Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co. on behalf of the holders of common stock issued in the private placement. Pursuant to that agreement, we have included in the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part,                      shares of common stock proposed to be offered by certain selling stockholders who purchased shares of our common stock originally issued and sold in the private placement. We have also agreed to file a shelf registration statement for the benefit of the holders of                      shares of our common stock issued in the private placement within 90 days after the completion of this offering. We agreed to cause this shelf registration statement to remain effective until the first to occur of (1) the disposition of all shares of common stock sold in the private placement under a registration statement or pursuant to Rule 144, (2) the date on which the shares of common stock sold in the private placement are saleable under Rule 144(k) under the Securities Act or (3) the date that is two years after the effective date of the shelf registration statement.

 

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IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND

OF OUR CHARTER AND BY-LAWS

 

The following description of the terms of our stock and of certain provisions of Maryland law is only a summary. For a complete description, we refer you to the Maryland General Corporation Law, or the MGCL, and our charter and our by-laws, which we filed as exhibits to the registration statement on which this prospectus is a part. Copies of our charter and by-laws are available upon request.

 

Our Board of Directors

 

Our by-laws provide that the number of our directors may be established by our board of directors but may not be fewer than the minimum required by the MGCL (which is currently one) nor more than fifteen. Any vacancy will be filled, at any regular meeting or at any special meeting called for that purpose, by a majority of the remaining directors, except that a vacancy resulting from an increase in the number of directors must be filled by a majority of the entire board of directors.

 

Members of our board of directors will be chosen for one-year terms upon the expiration of the initial directors’ current terms on the date of our annual stockholders meeting in 2005. Holders of shares of our common stock will have no right to cumulative voting in the election of directors. Consequently, at each annual meeting of stockholders, the holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock will be able to elect all of the successors of the directors whose terms expire at that meeting.

 

Removal of Directors

 

Our charter provides that a director may be removed only for cause (as defined in the charter) and only by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of directors. This provision, when coupled with the provision in our by-laws authorizing our board of directors to fill vacant directorships, precludes stockholders from removing incumbent directors except for cause and with a substantial affirmative vote and filling the vacancies created by the removal with their own nominees.

 

Business Combinations

 

Under the MGCL, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested stockholder is defined as:

 

    any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation’s shares; or

 

    an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting stock of the corporation.

 

A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which he otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board.

 

After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:

 

    80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation, voting together as a single voting group; and

 

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    two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder.

 

These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if, among other conditions, the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined in the MGCL, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares.

 

The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by the board of directors before the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Pursuant to the statute, we have exempted all business combinations between us and any third party. Consequently, the five-year prohibition and the super-majority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between us and any of them. As a result, such parties may be able to enter into business combinations with us that may not be in the best interest of our stockholders, without compliance with the super-majority vote requirements and the other provisions of the statute.

 

If the exemption in our charter is repealed, by charter amendment approved by both our board of directors and our stockholders, then the application of the business combination statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer.

 

Control Share Acquisitions

 

Maryland law provides that control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares owned by the acquiror, by officers of the corporation or by directors who are employees of the corporation are excluded from shares entitled to vote on the matter. Control shares are voting shares of stock that, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquiror or in respect of which the acquiror is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquiror to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:

 

    one-tenth or more but less than one-third,

 

    one-third or more but less than a majority, or

 

    a majority or more of all voting power.

 

Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A control share acquisition means the acquisition of control shares, subject to certain exceptions.

 

A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition may compel the board of directors of the corporation to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. The right to compel the calling of a special meeting is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including an undertaking to pay the expenses of the meeting. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.

 

If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then the corporation may redeem for fair value any or all of the control shares, except those for which voting rights have previously been approved. The right of the corporation to redeem control shares is subject to certain conditions and limitations. Fair value is determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquiror or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of the shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The

 

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fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition.

 

The control share acquisition statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction, or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or by-laws of the corporation.

 

Our by-laws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of shares of our stock. This provision may be amended or eliminated by our board of directors at any time in the future.

 

Amendment to Our Charter

 

Our charter may be amended only by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, except for those provisions relating to the removal of directors, which may be amended only by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

 

Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business

 

Our by-laws provide that with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of persons for election to our board of directors and the proposal of business to be considered by stockholders may be made only (i) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (ii) by our board of directors or (iii) by a stockholder of record who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice procedures of our by-laws. With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in our notice of the meeting may be brought before the meeting. Nominations of persons for election to our board of directors at a special meeting may be made only (i) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (ii) by the board of directors, or (iii) provided that the board of directors has determined that directors will be elected at the meeting, by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice provisions of our by-laws.

 

Anti-takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and By-laws

 

If the applicable exemption in our charter is repealed, the business combination provisions and, if the applicable exemption in our by-laws is repealed, the control share acquisition provisions of Maryland law, the provisions of our charter on removal of directors, and the advance notice provisions of our by-laws could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in the control of us that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interest.

 

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FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

 

The following is a summary of the material United States federal income tax consequences of an investment in common stock of JER Investors Trust. The law firm of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP has acted as our tax counsel and has reviewed this summary. For purposes of this section under the heading “Federal Income Tax Considerations,” references to “JER Investors Trust,” “we,” “our” and “us” mean only JER Investors Trust and not its subsidiaries or other lower-tier entities, except as otherwise indicated. This summary is based upon the Internal Revenue Code, the regulations promulgated by the U.S. Treasury Department, rulings and other administrative pronouncements issued by the IRS, and judicial decisions, all as currently in effect, and all of which are subject to differing interpretations or to change, possibly with retroactive effect. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences described below. No advance ruling has been or will be sought from the IRS regarding any matter discussed in this prospectus. The summary is also based upon the assumption that the operation of JER Investors Trust and its subsidiaries and affiliated entities will be in accordance with its applicable organizational documents or partnership agreement. This summary is for general information only, and does not purport to discuss all aspects of federal income taxation that may be important to a particular investor in light of its investment or tax circumstances, or to investors subject to special tax rules, such as:

 

    financial institutions;

 

    insurance companies;

 

    broker-dealers;

 

    regulated investment companies;

 

    holders who receive JER Investors Trust stock through the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation;

 

    persons holding JER Investors Trust stock as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion transaction,” “synthetic security” or other integrated investment;

 

and, except to the extent discussed below:

 

    tax-exempt organizations; and

 

    foreign investors.

 

This summary assumes that investors will hold their common stock of ours as a capital asset, which generally means as property held for investment.

 

The federal income tax treatment of holders of JER Investors Trust common stock depends in some instances on determinations of fact and interpretations of complex provisions of federal income tax law for which no clear precedent or authority may be available. In addition, the tax consequences to any particular stockholder of holding JER Investors Trust common stock will depend on the stockholder’s particular tax circumstances. You are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding the federal, state, local, and foreign income and other tax consequences to you in light of your particular investment or tax circumstances of acquiring, holding, exchanging, or otherwise disposing of JER Investors Trust common stock.

 

Taxation of JER Investors Trust

 

JER Investors Trust intends to elect to be taxed as a REIT, commencing with its initial taxable year ended December 31, 2004, upon the filing of its federal income tax return for such year. We believe that we have been organized, have operated and expect to continue to operate in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT.

 

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The law firm of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP has acted as our tax counsel in connection with our formation and planned election to be taxed as a REIT. We expect to receive an opinion of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP to the effect that, commencing with its initial taxable year that ended on December 31, 2004, JER Investors Trust was organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, and that its actual method of operation has enabled, and its proposed method of operation will enable it to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT. It must be emphasized that the opinion of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP is based on various assumptions relating to the organization and operation of JER Investors Trust, and is conditioned upon representations and covenants made by the management of JER Investors Trust regarding its organization, assets, income, and the past, present and future conduct of its business operations. While JER Investors Trust intends to operate so that it will qualify as a REIT, given the highly complex nature of the rules governing REITs, the ongoing importance of factual determinations, and the possibility of future changes in the circumstances of JER Investors Trust, no assurance can be given by Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP or JER Investors Trust that JER Investors Trust will so qualify for any particular year. The opinion will be expressed as of the date issued, and does not cover subsequent periods. Counsel will have no obligation to advise JER Investors Trust or the holders of JER Investors Trust common stock of any subsequent change in the matters stated, represented or assumed, or of any subsequent change in the applicable law. You should be aware that opinions of counsel are not binding on the IRS, and no assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge the conclusions set forth in such opinions.

 

Qualification and taxation as a REIT depends on the ability of JER Investors Trust to meet on a continuing basis, through actual operating results, distribution levels, and diversity of stock ownership, various qualification requirements imposed upon REITs by the Internal Revenue Code, the compliance with which will not be reviewed by Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP. JER Investors Trust’s ability to qualify as a REIT also requires that it satisfies certain asset tests, some of which depend upon the fair market values of assets directly or indirectly owned by JER Investors Trust. Such values may not be susceptible to a precise determination. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of JER Investors Trust’s operations for any taxable year satisfy such requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT.

 

Taxation of REITs in General

 

As indicated above, qualification and taxation as a REIT depends upon the ability of JER Investors Trust to meet, on a continuing basis, various qualification requirements imposed upon REITs by the Internal Revenue Code. The material qualification requirements are summarized below under “—Requirements for Qualification—General.” While JER Investors Trust intends to operate so that it qualifies as a REIT, no assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge its qualification, or that it will be able to operate in accordance with the REIT requirements in the future. See “—Failure to Qualify.”

 

Provided that JER Investors Trust qualifies as a REIT, it will generally be entitled to a deduction for dividends that it pays and therefore will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on its net income that is currently distributed to its stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the “double taxation” at the corporate and stockholder levels that generally results from investment in a corporation. Rather, income generated by a REIT generally is taxed only at the stockholder level upon a distribution of dividends by the REIT.

 

The Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 (the “2003 Act”) reduces the rate at which most domestic stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates are taxed on corporate dividends from a maximum of 38.6% (as ordinary income) to a maximum of 15% (the same as long-term capital gains) for the 2003 through 2008 tax years. With limited exceptions, however, dividends received by stockholders from JER Investors Trust or from other entities that are taxed as REITs are generally not eligible for the reduced rates, and will continue to be taxed at rates applicable to ordinary income, which, pursuant to the 2003 Act, will be as high as 35% through 2010. See “Taxation of Stockholders—Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders—Distributions.”

 

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Net operating losses, foreign tax credits and other tax attributes of a REIT generally do not pass through to the stockholders of the REIT, subject to special rules for certain items such as capital gains recognized by REITs. See “Taxation of Stockholders.”

 

If JER Investors Trust qualifies as a REIT, it will nonetheless be subject to federal tax in the following circumstances:

 

    JER Investors Trust will be taxed at regular corporate rates on any undistributed income, including undistributed net capital gains.

 

    JER Investors Trust may be subject to the “alternative minimum tax” on its items of tax preference, including any deductions of net operating losses.

 

    If JER Investors Trust has net income from prohibited transactions, which are, in general, sales or other dispositions of property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, other than foreclosure property, such income will be subject to a 100% tax. See “—Prohibited Transactions”, and “—Foreclosure Property”, below.

 

    If JER Investors Trust elects to treat property that it acquires in connection with a foreclosure of a mortgage loan or certain leasehold terminations as “foreclosure property”, it may thereby avoid the 100% tax on gain from a resale of that property (if the sale would otherwise constitute a prohibited transaction), but the income from the sale or operation of the property may be subject to corporate income tax at the highest applicable rate (currently 35%).

 

    If JER Investors Trust derives “excess inclusion income” from an interest in certain mortgage loan securitization structures (i.e., a “taxable mortgage pool” or a residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduit, or “REMIC”), JER Investors Trust could be subject to corporate level federal income tax at a 35% rate to the extent that such income is allocable to specified types of tax-exempt stockholders known as “disqualified organizations” that are not subject to unrelated business income tax. See “—Taxable Mortgage Pools and Excess Inclusion Income” below.

 

    If JER Investors Trust should fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, as discussed below, but nonetheless maintains its qualification as a REIT because other requirements are met, it will be subject to a 100% tax on an amount based on the magnitude of the failure adjusted to reflect the profit margin associated with JER Investors Trust’s gross income.

 

    Pursuant to provisions in recently enacted legislation that take effect in 2005, if JER Investors Trust should fail to satisfy the asset or other requirements applicable to REITs, as described below, yet nonetheless maintain its qualification as a REIT because there is reasonable cause for the failure and other applicable requirements are met, JER Investors Trust may be subject to an excise tax. In that case, the amount of the tax will be at least $50,000 per failure, and, in the case of certain asset test failures, will be determined as the amount of net income generated by the assets in question multiplied by the highest corporate tax rate (currently 35%) if that amount exceeds $50,000 per failure.

 

    If JER Investors Trust should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (a) 85% of its REIT ordinary income for such year, (b) 95% of its REIT capital gain net income for such year, and (c) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, JER Investors Trust would be subject to a non-deductible 4% excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the sum of (i) the amounts actually distributed, plus (ii) retained amounts on which income tax is paid at the corporate level.

 

    JER Investors Trust may be required to pay monetary penalties to the IRS in certain circumstances, including if it fails to meet record keeping requirements intended to monitor its compliance with rules relating to the composition of a REIT’s stockholders, as described below in “—Requirements for Qualification—General.”

 

    A 100% tax may be imposed on transactions between a REIT and a taxable REIT subsidiary (as described below) that do not reflect arm’s length terms.

 

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    If JER Investors Trust acquires appreciated assets from a corporation that is not a REIT (i.e., a corporation taxable under subchapter C of the Internal Revenue Code) in a transaction in which the adjusted tax basis of the assets in the hands of JER Investors Trust is determined by reference to the adjusted tax basis of the assets in the hands of the subchapter C corporation, JER Investors Trust may be subject to tax on such appreciation at the highest corporate income tax rate then applicable if it subsequently recognizes gain on a disposition of any such assets during the ten-year period following their acquisition from the subchapter C corporation.

 

    The earnings of JER Investors Trust’s subsidiaries could be subject to federal corporate income tax to the extent that such subsidiaries are subchapter C corporations.

 

In addition, JER Investors Trust and its subsidiaries may be subject to a variety of taxes, including payroll taxes and state, local, and foreign income, property and other taxes on their assets and operations. JER Investors Trust could also be subject to tax in situations and on transactions not presently contemplated.

 

Requirements for Qualification—General

 

The Internal Revenue Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:

 

(1) that is managed by one or more trustees or directors;

 

(2) the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares, or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest;

 

(3) that would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for the special Internal Revenue Code provisions applicable to REITs;

 

(4) that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to specific provisions of the Internal Revenue Code;

 

(5) the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons;

 

(6) in which, during the last half of each taxable year, not more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer “individuals” (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code to include specified tax-exempt entities); and

 

(7) which meets other tests described below, including with respect to the nature of its income and assets.

 

The Internal Revenue Code provides that conditions (1) through (4) must be met during the entire taxable year, and that condition (5) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Conditions (5) and (6) need not be met during a corporation’s initial tax year as a REIT (i.e., 2004 in the case of JER Investors Trust). JER Investors Trust’s charter provides restrictions regarding the ownership and transfers of its shares, which are intended to assist JER Investors Trust in satisfying the share ownership requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above.

 

To monitor compliance with the share ownership requirements, JER Investors Trust is generally required to maintain records regarding the actual ownership of its shares. To do so, JER Investors Trust must demand written statements each year from the record holders of significant percentages of its stock in which the record holders are to disclose the actual owners of the shares (i.e., the persons required to include the dividends paid by JER Investors Trust in their gross income). A list of those persons failing or refusing to comply with this demand must be maintained as part of JER Investors Trust’s records. Failure by JER Investors Trust to comply with these record keeping requirements could subject it to monetary penalties. A stockholder that fails or refuses to comply with the demand is required by Treasury regulations to submit a statement with its tax return disclosing the actual ownership of the shares and other information.

 

In addition, a corporation generally may not elect to become a REIT unless its taxable year is the calendar year. JER Investors Trust intends to adopt December 31 as its year end, and thereby satisfy this requirement.

 

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The Internal Revenue Code provides relief from violations of the REIT gross income requirements, as described below under “—Income Tests,” in cases where a violation is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, and other requirements are met, including the payment of a penalty tax that is based upon the magnitude of the violation. In addition, the recently enacted American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (the “2004 Act”) includes provisions that extend similar relief in the case of certain violations of the REIT asset requirements (see “—Asset Tests” below) and other REIT requirements, again provided that the violation is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, and other conditions are met, including the payment of a penalty tax. These provisions of the 2004 Act become effective beginning with the 2005 tax year. If JER Investors Trust fails to satisfy any of the various REIT requirements, there can be no assurance that these relief provisions would be available to enable it to maintain its qualification as a REIT, and, if available, the amount of any resultant penalty tax could be substantial.

 

Effect of Subsidiary Entities

 

Ownership of Partnership Interests . In the case of a REIT that is a partner in an entity that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, Treasury regulations provide that the REIT is deemed to own its proportionate share of the partnership’s assets, and to earn its proportionate share of the partnership’s income, for purposes of the asset and gross income tests applicable to REITs as described below. A REIT’s proportionate share of a partnership’s assets and income is based on the REIT’s capital interest in the partnership (except that for purposes of the 10% value test with respect to the 2005 and future taxable years, JER Investors Trust’s proportionate share is based on its proportionate interest in the equity and certain debt securities issued by the partnership). In addition, the assets and gross income of the partnership are deemed to retain the same character in the hands of the REIT. Thus, JER Investors Trust’s proportionate share of the assets and items of income of any subsidiary partnerships will be treated as assets and items of income of JER Investors Trust for purposes of applying the REIT requirements described below. A summary of certain rules governing the federal income taxation of partnerships and their partners is provided below in “Tax Aspects of Investments in Affiliated Partnerships.”

 

Disregarded Subsidiaries . If a REIT owns a corporate subsidiary that is a “qualified REIT subsidiary,” that subsidiary is disregarded for federal income tax purposes, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the subsidiary are treated as assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the REIT itself, including for purposes of the gross income and asset tests applicable to REITs as summarized below. A qualified REIT subsidiary is any corporation, other than a “taxable REIT subsidiary” as described below, that is wholly-owned by a REIT, or by other disregarded subsidiaries, or by a combination of the two. Other entities that are wholly-owned by a REIT, including single member limited liability companies that have elected not to be taxed as corporations for federal income tax purposes, are also generally disregarded as a separate entities for federal income tax purposes, including for purposes of the REIT income and asset tests. Disregarded subsidiaries, along with any partnerships in which JER Investors Trust holds an equity interest, are sometimes referred to herein as “pass-through subsidiaries.”

 

In the event that a disregarded subsidiary of JER Investors Trust ceases to be wholly-owned—for example, if any equity interest in the subsidiary is acquired by a person other than JER Investors Trust or another disregarded subsidiary of JER Investors Trust—the subsidiary’s separate existence would no longer be disregarded for federal income tax purposes. Instead, it would have multiple owners and would be treated as either a partnership or a taxable corporation. Such an event could, depending on the circumstances, adversely affect JER Investors Trust’s ability to satisfy the various asset and gross income requirements applicable to REITs, including the requirement that REITs generally may not own, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of the securities of another corporation. See “—Asset Tests” and “—Income Tests.”

 

Taxable Subsidiaries . A REIT, in general, may jointly elect with subsidiary corporations, whether or not wholly-owned, to treat the subsidiary corporation as a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). A REIT generally may not own more than 10% of the securities of a taxable corporation, as measured by voting power or value, unless the corporation elects to be a TRS. The separate existence of a TRS or other taxable corporation, unlike a

 

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disregarded subsidiary as discussed above, is not ignored for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, such an entity would generally be subject to corporate income tax on its earnings, which may reduce the cash flow generated by JER Investors Trust and its subsidiaries in the aggregate, and JER Investors Trust’s ability to make distributions to its stockholders.

 

A parent REIT is not treated as holding the assets of a taxable subsidiary corporation or as receiving any income that the subsidiary earns. Rather, the stock issued by the subsidiary is an asset in the hands of the parent REIT, and the REIT recognizes as income, the dividends, if any, that it receives from the subsidiary. This treatment can affect the income and asset test calculations that apply to the parent REIT, as described below. Because a parent REIT does not include the assets and income of such subsidiary corporations in determining the parent’s compliance with the REIT requirements, such entities may be used by the parent REIT to indirectly undertake activities that the REIT rules might otherwise preclude it from doing directly or through pass-through subsidiaries (for example, activities that give rise to certain categories of income such as management fees or foreign currency gains).

 

Income Tests

 

In order to qualify as a REIT, JER Investors Trust annually must satisfy two gross income requirements. First, at least 75% of JER Investors Trust’s gross income for each taxable year, excluding gross income from sales of inventory or dealer property in “prohibited transactions”, generally must be derived from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property, including interest income derived from mortgage loans secured by real property (including certain types of mortgage backed securities), “rents from real property,” dividends received from other REITs, and gains from the sale of real estate assets, as well as specified income from temporary investments. Second, at least 95% of JER Investors Trust’s gross income in each taxable year, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions and certain hedging transactions, must be derived from some combination of such income from investments in real property (i.e., income that qualifies under the 75% income test described above), as well as other dividends, interest, and gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities, which need not have any relation to real property.

 

Interest income constitutes qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% income test (as described above) to the extent that the obligation is secured by a mortgage on real property. If JER Investors Trust receives interest income with respect to a mortgage loan that is secured by both real property and other property, and the highest principal amount of the loan outstanding during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the real property on the date that JER Investors Trust acquired or originated the mortgage loan, the interest income will be apportioned between the real property and the other collateral, and JER Investors Trust’s income from the arrangement will qualify for purposes of the 75% income test only to the extent that the interest is allocable to the real property. Even if a loan is not secured by real property, or is undersecured, the income that it generates may nonetheless qualify for purposes of the 95% income test.

 

To the extent that the terms of a loan provide for contingent interest that is based on the cash proceeds realized upon the sale of the property securing the loan (a “shared appreciation provision”), income attributable to the participation feature will be treated as gain from sale of the underlying property, which generally will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests provided that the property is not held as inventory or dealer property.

 

To the extent that a REIT derives interest income from a mortgage loan, or income from the rental of real property (discussed below), where all or a portion of the amount of interest or rental income payable is contingent, such income generally will qualify for purposes of the gross income tests only if it is based upon the gross receipts or sales, and not the net income or profits, of the borrower or lessee. This limitation does not apply, however, where the borrower or lessee leases substantially all of its interest in the property to tenants or subtenants, to the extent that the rental income derived by the borrower or lessee, as the case may be, would qualify as rents from real property had it been earned directly by a REIT.

 

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Among the assets in which JER Investors Trust and its subsidiaries have invested in are mezzanine loans, which are loans secured by equity interests in an entity that directly or indirectly owns real property, rather than by a direct mortgage of the real property. The IRS recently issued Revenue Procedure 2003-65, which provides a safe harbor pursuant to which a mezzanine loan, if it meets each of the requirements contained in the Revenue Procedure, will be treated by the IRS as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests described below, and interest derived from it will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the REIT 75% income test. Although the Revenue Procedure provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers may rely, it does not prescribe rules of substantive tax law. JER Investors Trust intends to structure, and believes that it has in the past structured, any investments in mezzanine loans in a manner that complies with the various requirements applicable to its qualification as a REIT. To the extent, however, that any of its mezzanine loans do not meet all of the requirements for reliance on the safe harbor set forth in the Revenue Procedure, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge the tax treatment of these loans.

 

JER Investors Trust and its subsidiaries also have invested in real estate mortgage investment conduits, or REMICs, and in other commercial mortgage backed securities, or CMBS. See below under “—Asset Tests” for a discussion of the effect of such investments on JER Investors Trust’s qualification as a REIT.

 

Rents received by JER Investors Trust will qualify as “rents from real property” in satisfying the gross income requirements described above only if several conditions are met, including the following. If rent is partly attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property, the portion of the total rent that is attributable to the personal property will not qualify as “rents from real property” unless it constitutes 15% or less of the total rent received under the lease. In addition, the amount of rent must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, an amount received or accrued generally will not be excluded from rents from real property solely by reason of being based on fixed percentages of receipts or sales. Moreover, for rents received to qualify as “rents from real property,” the REIT generally must not operate or manage the property or furnish or render services to the tenants of such property, other than through an “independent contractor” from which the REIT derives no revenue. JER Investors Trust and its affiliates are permitted, however, to perform services that are “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only and are not otherwise considered rendered to the occupant of the property. In addition, JER Investors Trust and its affiliates may directly or indirectly provide non-customary services to tenants of its properties without disqualifying all of the rent from the property if the payment for such services does not exceed 1% of the total gross income from the property. For purposes of this test, the income received from such non-customary services is deemed to be at least 150% of the direct cost of providing the services. Moreover, JER Investors Trust is generally permitted to provide services to tenants or others through a TRS without disqualifying the rental income received from tenants for purposes of the REIT income requirements. Also, rental income will qualify as rents from real property only to the extent that JER Investors Trust does not directly or constructively hold a 10% or greater interest, as measured by vote or value, in the lessee’s equity.

 

JER Investors Trust may indirectly receive distributions from TRSs or other corporations that are not REITs or qualified REIT subsidiaries. These distributions will be classified as dividend income to the extent of the earnings and profits of the distributing corporation. Such distributions will generally constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not under the 75% gross income test. Any dividends received by JER Investors Trust from a REIT will be qualifying income in JER Investors Trust’s hands for purposes of both the 95% and 75% income tests.

 

Effective beginning in 2005, any income or gain derived by JER Investors Trust or its pass-through subsidiaries from instruments that hedge certain risks, such as the risk of changes in interest rates, will be excluded from gross income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, provided that specified requirements are met, including the requirement that the instrument hedges risks associated with indebtedness issued by JER Investors Trust or its pass-through subsidiaries that is incurred to acquire or carry “real estate assets” (as described below under “—Asset Tests”), and the instrument is properly identified as a hedge, along with the risk that it hedges, within prescribed time periods. Income and gain from such transactions will not be qualifying

 

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income for the 75% gross income test, and income and gain from all other hedging transactions will not be qualifying income for either the 95% or 75% income test.

 

If JER Investors Trust fails to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, it may still qualify as a REIT for the year if it is entitled to relief under applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. These relief provisions will be generally available for the 2004 taxable year if the failure of JER Investors Trust to meet these tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, JER Investors Trust attaches to its tax return a schedule of the sources of its income, and any incorrect information on the schedule was not due to fraud with intent to evade tax. For the 2005 and subsequent taxable years, those relief provisions will be generally available if the failure of JER Investors Trust to meet the gross income tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and JER Investors Trust files a schedule of the source of its gross income in accordance with Treasury regulations. It is not possible to state whether JER Investors Trust would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions in all circumstances. If these relief provisions are inapplicable to a particular set of circumstances involving JER Investors Trust, JER Investors Trust will not qualify as a REIT. As discussed above under “—Taxation of REITs in General,” even where these relief provisions apply, a tax would be imposed based upon the amount by which JER Investors Trust fails to satisfy the particular gross income test.

 

Asset Tests

 

JER Investors Trust, at the close of each calendar quarter, must also satisfy four tests relating to the nature of its assets. First, at least 75% of the value of the total assets of JER Investors Trust must be represented by some combination of “real estate assets”, cash, cash items, U.S. government securities, and, under some circumstances, stock or debt instruments purchased with new capital. For this purpose, real estate assets include interests in real property, such as land, buildings, leasehold interests in real property, stock of other corporations that qualify as REITs, and some kinds of mortgage backed securities and mortgage loans. Assets that do not qualify for purposes of the 75% test are subject to the additional asset tests described below.

 

The second asset test is that the value of any one issuer’s securities owned by JER Investors Trust may not exceed 5% of the value of JER Investors Trust’s total assets. Third, JER Investors Trust may not own more than 10% of any one issuer’s outstanding securities, as measured by either voting power or value. The 5% and 10% asset tests do not apply to securities of TRSs. Fourth, the aggregate value of all securities of TRSs held by a REIT may not exceed 20% of the value of the REIT’s total assets.

 

Notwithstanding the general rule, as noted above, that for purposes of the REIT income and asset tests, a REIT is treated as owning its share of the underlying assets of a subsidiary partnership, if a REIT holds indebtedness issued by a partnership, the indebtedness will be subject to, and may cause a violation of, the asset tests, unless it is a qualifying mortgage asset, or other conditions are met. Similarly, although stock of another REIT is a qualifying asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests, any non-mortgage debt held by JER Investors Trust that is issued by another REIT may not so qualify (except that debt issued by REITs will not be treated as “securities” for purposes of the 10% value test, as explained below).

 

The 2004 Act contains a number of provisions applicable to REITs, including relief provisions that make it easier for REITs to satisfy the asset requirements, or to maintain REIT qualification notwithstanding certain violations of the asset and other requirements. These provisions are generally effective beginning with the 2005 tax year, except as otherwise noted below.

 

One such provision allows a REIT which fails one or more of the asset requirements to nevertheless maintain its REIT qualification if (a) it provides the IRS with a description of each asset causing the failure, (b) the failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, (c) the REIT pays a tax equal to the greater of (i) $50,000 per failure, and (ii) the product of the net income generated by the assets that caused the failure multiplied by the highest applicable corporate tax rate (currently 35%), and (d) the REIT either disposes of the

 

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assets causing the failure within 6 months after the last day of the quarter in which it identifies the failure, or otherwise satisfies the relevant asset tests within that time frame.

 

A second relief provision contained in the 2004 Act applies to de minimis violations of the 10% and 5% asset tests. A REIT may maintain its qualification despite a violation of such requirements if (a) the value of the assets causing the violation does not exceed the lesser of 1% of the REIT’s total assets, and $10,000,000, and (b) the REIT either disposes of the assets causing the failure within 6 months after the last day of the quarter in which it identifies the failure, or the relevant tests are otherwise satisfied within that time frame.

 

The 2004 Act also provides that certain securities will not cause a violation of the 10% value test described above. Such securities include instruments that constitute “straight debt,” which now has an expanded definition and includes securities having certain contingency features. A newly enacted restriction, however, precludes a security from qualifying as “straight debt” where a REIT (or a controlled TRS of the REIT) owns other securities of the issuer of that security which do not qualify as straight debt, unless the value of those other securities constitute, in the aggregate, 1% or less of the total value of that issuer’s outstanding securities. In addition to straight debt, the 2004 Act provides that certain other securities will not violate the 10% value test. Such securities include (a) any loan made to an individual or an estate, (b) certain rental agreements in which one or more payments are to be made in subsequent years (other than agreements between a REIT and certain persons related to the REIT), (c) any obligation to pay rents from real property, (d) securities issued by governmental entities that are not dependent in whole or in part on the profits of (or payments made by) a non-governmental entity, (e) any security (including debt securities) issued by another REIT, and (f) any debt instrument issued by a partnership if the partnership’s income is of a nature that it would satisfy the 75% gross income test described above under “—Income Tests.” The 2004 Act also provides that in applying the 10% value test, a debt security issued by a partnership is not taken into account to the extent, if any, of the REIT’s proportionate interest in equity and certain debt securities issued by that partnership. Each of the changes described in this paragraph that were made by the 2004 Act have retroactive effect beginning with the 2001 tax year.

 

Any interests in a REMIC held by JER Investors Trust or its pass-through subsidiaries will generally qualify as real estate assets, and income derived from REMIC interests will generally be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the REIT income tests described above. If less than 95% of the assets of a REMIC are real estate assets, however, then only a proportionate part of JER Investors Trust’s interest in the REMIC, and its income derived from the interest, qualifies for purposes of the REIT asset and income tests. Where a REIT holds a “residual interest” in a REMIC from which it derives “excess inclusion income,” the REIT will be required to either distribute the excess inclusion income or pay tax on it (or a combination of the two), even though the income may not be received in cash by the REIT. To the extent that distributed excess inclusion income is allocable to a particular stockholder, the income (i) would not be allowed to be offset by any net operating losses otherwise available to the stockholder, (ii) would be subject to tax as unrelated business taxable income in the hands of most types of stockholders that are otherwise generally exempt from federal income tax, and (iii) would result in the application of U.S. federal income tax withholding at the maximum rate (30%), without reduction of any otherwise applicable income tax treaty, to the extent allocable to most types of foreign stockholders. Moreover, any excess inclusion income received by a REIT that is allocable to specified categories of tax-exempt investors which are not subject to unrelated business income tax, such as government entities, may be subject to corporate-level income tax in the REIT’s hands, whether or not it is distributed. See “Taxable Mortgage Pools and Excess Inclusion Income.”

 

To the extent that JER Investors Trust and its pass-through subsidiaries hold mortgage participations or CMBS that do not represent REMIC interests, such assets may not qualify as real estate assets, and the income generated from them might not qualify for purposes of either or both of the REIT income requirements, depending upon the circumstances and the specific structure of the investment.

 

JER Investors Trust believes that its holdings of securities and other assets will comply with the foregoing REIT asset requirements, and it intends to monitor compliance on an ongoing basis. Certain mezzanine loans

 

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may qualify for the safe harbor in Revenue Procedure 2003-65 pursuant to which certain loans secured by a first priority security interest in ownership interests in a partnership or limited liability company will be treated as qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% real estate asset test and the 10% vote or value test. See “—Income Tests.” However, it is possible that JER Investors Trust may make some mezzanine loans that do not qualify for that safe harbor and that do not qualify as “straight debt” securities or for one of the other exclusions from the definition of “securities” for purposes of the 10% value test. JER Investors Trust intends to make such investments in such a manner as to not cause it to fail the assets tests described above, and believes that its existing investments satisfy such requirements.

 

No independent appraisals have been obtained, however, to support JER Investors Trust’s conclusions as to the value of its total assets, or the value of any particular security or securities. Moreover, values of some assets, including instruments issued in securitization transactions, may not be susceptible to a precise determination, and values are subject to change in the future. Furthermore, the proper classification of an instrument as debt or equity for federal income tax purposes may be uncertain in some circumstances, which could affect the application of the REIT asset requirements. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not contend that JER Investors Trust’s interests in its subsidiaries or in the securities of other issuers will not cause a violation of the REIT asset tests.

 

Annual Distribution Requirements

 

In order to qualify as a REIT, JER Investors Trust is required to distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends, to its stockholders in an amount at least equal to:

 

(a) the sum of

 

(1) 90% of the “REIT taxable income” of JER Investors Trust, computed without regard to its net capital gains and the deduction for dividends paid, and

 

(2) 90% of the net income, if any, (after tax) from foreclosure property (as described below), minus

 

(b) the sum of specified items of noncash income.

 

These distributions generally must be paid in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if declared before JER Investors Trust timely files its tax return for the year and if paid with or before the first regular dividend payment after such declaration. In order for distributions to be counted for this purpose, and to give rise to a tax deduction by JER Investors Trust, they must not be “preferential dividends.” A dividend is not a preferential dividend if it is pro rata among all outstanding shares of stock within a particular class, and is in accordance with the preferences among different classes of stock as set forth in the REIT’s organizational documents.

 

To the extent that JER Investors Trust distributes at least 90%, but less than 100%, of its “REIT taxable income,” as adjusted, it will be subject to tax at ordinary corporate tax rates on the retained portion. JER Investors Trust may elect to retain, rather than distribute, its net long-term capital gains and pay tax on such gains. In this case, JER Investors Trust could elect to have its stockholders include their proportionate share of such undistributed long-term capital gains in income, and to receive a corresponding credit for their share of the tax paid by JER Investors Trust. Stockholders would then increase the adjusted basis of their JER Investors Trust stock by the difference between the designated amounts of capital gains from JER Investors Trust that they include in their taxable income, and the tax paid on their behalf by JER Investors Trust with respect to that income.

 

To the extent that a REIT has available net operating losses carried forward from prior tax years, such losses may reduce the amount of distributions that it must make in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. Such losses, however, will generally not affect the character, in the hands of stockholders, of any

 

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distributions that are actually made by the REIT, which are generally taxable to stockholders to the extent that the REIT has current or accumulated earnings and profits. See “—Taxation of Stockholders—Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders—Distributions.”

 

If JER Investors Trust should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (a) 85% of its REIT ordinary income for such year, (b) 95% of its REIT capital gain net income for such year, and (c) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, JER Investors Trust would be subject to a non-deductible 4% excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the sum of (x) the amounts actually distributed and (y) the amounts of income retained on which it has paid corporate income tax.

 

It is possible that JER Investors Trust, from time to time, may not have sufficient cash to meet the distribution requirements due to timing differences between (a) the actual receipt of cash, including receipt of distributions from its subsidiaries, and (b) the inclusion of items in income by JER Investors Trust for federal income tax purposes. Other potential sources of non-cash taxable income include “residual interests” in REMICs or taxable mortgage pools, loans or mortgage backed securities held by JER Investors Trust as assets that are issued at a discount and require the accrual of taxable economic interest in advance of its receipt in cash, loans on which the borrower is permitted to defer cash payments of interest, and distressed loans on which JER Investors Trust may be required to accrue taxable interest income even though the borrower is unable to make current servicing payments in cash. In the event that such timing differences occur, in order to meet the distribution requirements, it might be necessary to arrange for short-term, or possibly long-term, borrowings, or to pay dividends in the form of taxable in-kind distributions of property.

 

JER Investors Trust may be able to rectify a failure to meet the distribution requirements for a year by paying “deficiency dividends” to stockholders in a later year, which may be included in JER Investors Trust’s deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. In this case, JER Investors Trust may be able to avoid losing its REIT status or being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends. However, JER Investors Trust will be required to pay interest and a penalty based on the amount of any deduction taken for deficiency dividends.

 

Failure to Qualify

 

IF JER Investors Trust fails to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification during its 2005 or subsequent taxable years, other than the gross income tests and the asset tests, it could avoid disqualification if its failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect and it pays a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. In addition, there are relief provisions for a failure of the gross income tests and asset tests, as described above in “—Income Tests” and —Asset Tests.”

 

If JER Investors Trust fails to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, and the relief provisions described above do not apply, JER Investors Trust would be subject to tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on its taxable income at regular corporate rates. Distributions to stockholders in any year in which JER Investors Trust is not a REIT would not be deductible by JER Investors Trust, nor would they be required to be made. In this situation, to the extent of current and accumulated earnings and profits, distributions to domestic stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates will generally be taxable at capital gains rates (through 2008) pursuant to 2003 Act, and, subject to limitations of the Internal Revenue Code, corporate distributees may be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Unless JER Investors Trust is entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, JER Investors Trust would also be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost. It is not possible to state whether, in all circumstances, JER Investors Trust would be entitled to this statutory relief.

 

Prohibited Transactions

 

Net income derived by a REIT from a prohibited transaction is subject to a 100% tax. The term “prohibited transaction” generally includes a sale or other disposition of property (other than foreclosure property, as

 

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discussed below) that is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. JER Investors Trust intends to conduct its operations so that no asset owned by JER Investors Trust or its pass-through subsidiaries will be held for sale to customers, and that a sale of any such asset will not be in the ordinary course of JER Investors Trust’s business. Whether property is held “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business” depends, however, on the particular facts and circumstances. No assurance can be given that any property sold by JER Investors Trust will not be treated as property held for sale to customers, or that JER Investors Trust can comply with certain safe-harbor provisions of the Internal Revenue Code that would prevent such treatment. The 100% tax does not apply to gains from the sale of property that is held through a TRS or other taxable corporation, although such income will be subject to tax in the hands of the corporation at regular corporate rates.

 

Foreclosure Property

 

Foreclosure property is real property and any personal property incident to such real property (i) that is acquired by a REIT as the result of the REIT having bid in the property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced the property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law, after there was a default (or default was imminent) on a lease of the property or a mortgage loan held by the REIT and secured by the property, (ii) for which the related loan or lease was acquired by the REIT at a time when default was not imminent or anticipated, and (iii) for which such REIT makes a proper election to treat the property as foreclosure property. REITs generally are subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate (currently 35%) on any net income from foreclosure property, including any gain from the disposition of the foreclosure property, other than income that would otherwise be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Any gain from the sale of property for which a foreclosure property election has been made will not be subject to the 100% tax on gains from prohibited transactions described above, even if the property would otherwise constitute inventory or dealer property in the hands of the selling REIT. To the extent that JER Investors Trust receives any income from foreclosure property that is not qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, it intends to make an election to treat the related property as foreclosure property.

 

Foreign Investments

 

JER Investors Trust and its subsidiaries may hold investments and pay taxes in foreign countries. Taxes paid by JER Investors Trust in foreign jurisdictions may not be passed through to, or used by, its stockholders as a foreign tax credit or otherwise. Foreign investments might also generate foreign currency gains and losses. Foreign currency gains are treated as income that does not qualify under the 95% or 75% income tests, unless certain technical requirements are met. No assurance can be given that these technical requirements will be met in the case of any foreign currency gains recognized by JER Investors Trust directly or through pass-through subsidiaries, and will not adversely affect JER Investors Trust’s ability to satisfy the REIT qualification requirements.

 

Derivatives and Hedging Transactions

 

JER Investors Trust and its subsidiaries may enter into hedging transactions with respect to interest rate exposure on one or more of their assets or liabilities. Any such hedging transactions could take a variety of forms, including the use of derivative instruments such as interest rate swap contracts, interest rate cap or floor contracts, futures or forward contracts, and options. Effective beginning in 2005, to the extent that JER Investors Trust or a pass-through subsidiary enters into a hedging transaction to reduce interest rate risk on indebtedness incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets and the instrument is properly identified as a hedge, along with the risk it hedges, within prescribed time periods, any periodic income from the instrument, or gain from the disposition of it, would not be treated as gross income for purposes of the REIT 95% gross income test, and would be treated as non-qualifying income for the 75% gross income test. To the extent that JER Investors Trust hedges in other situations (for example, hedges against fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies), the resultant income will, under current law, be treated as income that does not qualify under the 95% or 75%

 

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income tests. JER Investors Trust intends to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize its status as a REIT. JER Investors Trust may conduct some or all of its hedging activities (including hedging activities relating to currency risk) through a TRS or other corporate entity, the income from which may be subject to federal income tax, rather than participating in the arrangements directly or through pass-through subsidiaries. No assurance can be given, however, that JER Investors Trust’s hedging activities will not give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of either or both of the REIT income tests, and will not adversely affect JER Investors Trust’s ability to satisfy the REIT qualification requirements.

 

Taxable Mortgage Pools and Excess Inclusion Income

 

An entity, or a portion of an entity, may be classified as a taxable mortgage pool (“TMP”) under the Internal Revenue Code if (1) substantially all of its assets consist of debt obligations or interests in debt obligations, (2) more than 50% of those debt obligations are real estate mortgages or interests in real estate mortgages as of specified testing dates, (3) the entity has issued debt obligations (liabilities) that have two or more maturities, and (4) the payments required to be made by the entity on its debt obligations (liabilities) “bear a relationship” to the payments to be received by the entity on the debt obligations that it holds as assets. Under regulations issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, if less than 80% of the assets of an entity (or a portion of an entity) consist of debt obligations, these debt obligations are considered not to comprise “substantially all” of its assets, and therefore the entity would not be treated as a TMP. JER Investors Trust’s financing and securitization arrangements may give rise to TMPs, with the consequences as described below.

 

Where an entity, or a portion of an entity, is classified as a TMP, it is generally treated as a taxable corporation for federal income tax purposes. In the case of a REIT, or a portion of a REIT, or a disregarded subsidiary of a REIT, that is a TMP, however, special rules apply. The TMP is not treated as a corporation that is subject to corporate income tax, and the TMP classification does not directly affect the tax status of the REIT. Rather, the consequences of the TMP classification would, in general, except as described below, be limited to the stockholders of the REIT. The Treasury Department has not yet issued regulations to govern the treatment of stockholders as described below. A portion of the REIT’s income from the TMP arrangement, which might be non-cash accrued income, could be treated as “excess inclusion income.”

 

The REIT’s excess inclusion income, including any excess inclusion income from a residual interest in a REMIC, would be allocated among its stockholders. A stockholder’s share of excess inclusion income (i) would not be allowed to be offset by any net operating losses otherwise available to the stockholder, (ii) would be subject to tax as unrelated business taxable income in the hands of most types of stockholders that are otherwise generally exempt from federal income tax, and (iii) would result in the application of U.S. federal income tax withholding at the maximum rate (30%), without reduction for any otherwise applicable income tax treaty, to the extent allocable to most types of foreign stockholders. See “—Taxation of Stockholders.” Although Treasury regulations have not yet been drafted to clarify the law, to the extent that excess inclusion income is allocated from a TMP to a tax-exempt stockholder of a REIT that is not subject to unrelated business income tax (such as government entities), the REIT may be taxable on this income at the highest applicable corporate tax rate (currently 35%). In that case, the REIT could reduce distributions to such stockholders by the amount of such tax paid by the REIT attributable to such stockholder’s ownership. Treasury regulations provide that such a reduction in distributions would not give rise to a preferential dividend that could adversely affect the REIT’s compliance with its distribution requirements. See “—Annual Distribution Requirements.” The manner in which excess inclusion income is calculated, or would be allocated to stockholders, including allocations among shares of different classes of stock, is not clear under current law. Tax-exempt investors, foreign investors and taxpayers with net operating losses should carefully consider the tax consequences described above, and are urged to consult their tax advisors.

 

If a subsidiary partnership of JER Investors Trust, not wholly-owned by JER Investors Trust directly or through one or more disregarded entities, were a TMP, the foregoing rules would not apply. Rather, the partnership that is a TMP would be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, and would

 

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potentially be subject to corporate income tax. In addition, this characterization would alter JER Investors Trust’s REIT income and asset test calculations, and could adversely affect its compliance with those requirements. JER Investors Trust intends to monitor the structure of any TMPs in which it has an interest to ensure that they will not adversely affect its status as a REIT.

 

Tax Aspects of Investments in Affiliated Partnerships

 

General

 

JER Investors Trust may hold investments through entities that are classified as partnerships for federal income tax purposes. In general, partnerships are “pass-through” entities that are not subject to federal income tax. Rather, partners are allocated their proportionate shares of the items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of a partnership, and are potentially subject to tax on these items, without regard to whether the partners receive a distribution from the partnership. JER Investors Trust will include in its income its proportionate share of these partnership items for purposes of the various REIT income tests and in the computation of its REIT taxable income. Moreover, for purposes of the REIT asset tests, JER Investors Trust will include its proportionate share of any assets held by subsidiary partnerships. A REIT’s proportionate share of a partnership’s assets and income is based on the REIT’s capital interest in the partnership (except that for purposes of the 10% value test with respect to the 2005 and future taxable years, a REIT’s proportionate share is based on its proportionate interest in the equity and certain debt securities issued by the partnership). See “Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Effect of Subsidiary Entities—Ownership of Partnership Interests.”

 

Entity Classification

 

Any investment by JER Investors Trust in partnerships involves special tax considerations, including the possibility of a challenge by the IRS of the status of any subsidiary partnership as a partnership, as opposed to an association taxable as a corporation, for federal income tax purposes (for example, if the IRS were to assert that a subsidiary partnership is a TMP). See “Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Taxable Mortgage Pools and Excess Inclusion Income.” If any of these entities were treated as an association for federal income tax purposes, it would be taxable as a corporation and therefore could be subject to an entity-level tax on its income. In such a situation, the character of the assets of JER Investors Trust and items of gross income of JER Investors Trust would change and could preclude JER Investors Trust from satisfying the REIT asset tests or the gross income tests as discussed in “Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Asset Tests” and “—Income Tests,” and in turn could prevent JER Investors Trust from qualifying as a REIT, unless JER Investors Trust is eligible for relief from the violation pursuant to relief provisions described above. See “Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Asset Tests,” “—Income Test” and “—Failure to Qualify,” above, for discussion of the effect of the failure to satisfy the REIT tests for a taxable year, and of the relief provisions. In addition, any change in the status of any subsidiary partnership for tax purposes might be treated as a taxable event, in which case JER Investors Trust could have taxable income that is subject to the REIT distribution requirements without receiving any cash.

 

Tax Allocations with Respect to Partnership Properties

 

Under the Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury regulations, income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to appreciated or depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership must be allocated for tax purposes in a manner such that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, the unrealized gain or unrealized loss associated with the property at the time of the contribution. The amount of the unrealized gain or unrealized loss is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value of the contributed property at the time of contribution, and the adjusted tax basis of such property at the time of contribution (a “book-tax difference”). Such allocations are solely for federal income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal arrangements among the partners.

 

To the extent that any subsidiary partnership of JER Investors Trust acquires appreciated (or depreciated) properties by way of capital contributions from its partners, allocations would need to be made in a manner

 

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consistent with these requirements. Where a partner contributes cash to a partnership at a time that the partnership holds appreciated (or depreciated) property, the Treasury regulations provide for a similar allocation of these items to the other (i.e., non-contributing) partners. These rules may apply to the contribution by JER Investors Trust to any subsidiary partnerships of the cash proceeds received in offerings of its stock. As a result, partners, including JER Investors Trust, in subsidiary partnerships, could be allocated greater or lesser amounts of depreciation and taxable income in respect of a partnership’s properties than would be the case if all of the partnership’s assets (including any contributed assets) had a tax basis equal to their fair market values at the time of any contributions to that partnership. This could cause JER Investors Trust to recognize, over a period of time, taxable income in excess of cash flow from the partnership, which might adversely affect JER Investors Trust’s ability to comply with the REIT distribution requirements discussed above.

 

Taxation of Stockholders

 

Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders

 

Distributions . Provided that JER Investors Trust qualifies as a REIT, distributions made to its taxable domestic stockholders out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, and not designated as capital gain dividends, will generally be taken into account by them as ordinary income and will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporations. With limited exceptions, dividends received from REITs are not eligible for taxation at the preferential income tax rates (15% maximum federal rate through 2008) for qualified dividends received by domestic stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates from taxable C corporations pursuant to the 2003 Act. Such stockholders, however, are taxed at the preferential rates on dividends designated by and received from REITs to the extent that the dividends are attributable to (i) income retained by the REIT in the prior taxable year on which the REIT was subject to corporate level income tax (less the amount of tax), (ii) dividends received by the REIT from TRSs or other taxable C corporations, or (iii) income in the prior taxable year from the sales of “built-in gain” property acquired by the REIT from C corporations in carryover basis transactions (less the amount of corporate tax on such income).

 

Distributions from JER Investors Trust that are designated as capital gain dividends will generally be taxed to stockholders as long-term capital gains, to the extent that they do not exceed the actual net capital gain of JER Investors Trust for the taxable year, without regard to the period for which the stockholder has held its stock. A similar treatment will apply to long-term capital gains retained by JER Investors Trust, to the extent that JER Investors Trust elects the application of provisions of the Internal Revenue Code that treat stockholders of a REIT as having received, for federal income tax purposes, undistributed capital gains of the REIT, while passing through to stockholders a corresponding credit for taxes paid by the REIT on such retained capital gains. See “Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Annual Distribution Requirements.” Corporate stockholders may be required to treat up to 20% of some capital gain dividends as ordinary income. Long-term capital gains are generally taxable at maximum federal rates of 15% (through 2008) in the case of stockholders who are individuals, trusts and estates, and 35% in the case of stockholders that are corporations. Capital gains attributable to the sale of depreciable real property held for more than 12 months are subject to a 25% maximum federal income tax rate for taxpayers who are taxed as individuals, to the extent of previously claimed depreciation deductions.

 

Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a stockholder to the extent that they do not exceed the adjusted basis of the stockholder’s shares in respect of which the distributions were made, but rather, will reduce the adjusted basis of these shares. To the extent that such distributions exceed the adjusted basis of a stockholder’s shares, they will be included in income as long-term capital gain, or short-term capital gain if the shares have been held for one year or less. In addition, any dividend declared by JER Investors Trust in October, November or December of any year and payable to a stockholder of record on a specified date in any such month will be treated as both paid by JER Investors Trust and received by the stockholder on December 31 of such year, provided that the dividend is actually paid by JER Investors Trust before the end of January of the following calendar year.

 

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To the extent that a REIT has available net operating losses and capital losses carried forward from prior tax years, such losses may reduce the amount of distributions that must be made in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. See “Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Annual Distribution Requirements.” Such losses, however, are not passed through to stockholders and do not offset income of stockholders from other sources, nor would they affect the character of any distributions that are actually made by a REIT, which are generally subject to tax in the hands of stockholders to the extent that the REIT has current or accumulated earnings and profits.

 

If excess inclusion income from a taxable mortgage pool or REMIC residual interest is allocated to any JER Investors Trust stockholder, that income will be taxable in the hands of the stockholder and would not be offset by any net operating losses of the stockholder that would otherwise be available. See “Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Taxable Mortgage Pools and Excess Inclusion Income.”

 

Dispositions of JER Investors Trust Stock . In general, capital gains recognized by individuals, trusts and estates upon the sale or disposition of shares of JER Investors Trust stock will, pursuant to the 2003 Act, be subject to a maximum federal income tax rate of 15% (through 2008) if the JER Investors Trust stock is held for more than one year, and will be taxed at ordinary income rates (of up to 35% through 2010) if the JER Investors Trust stock is held for one year or less. Gains recognized by stockholders that are corporations are subject to federal income tax at a maximum rate of 35%, whether or not classified as long-term capital gains. Capital losses recognized by a stockholder upon the disposition of JER Investors Trust stock held for more than one year at the time of disposition will be considered long-term capital losses, and are generally available only to offset capital gain income of the stockholder but not ordinary income (except in the case of individuals, who may offset up to $3,000 of ordinary income each year). In addition, any loss upon a sale or exchange of shares of JER Investors Trust stock by a stockholder who has held the shares for six months or less, after applying holding period rules, will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions received from JER Investors Trust that are required to be treated by the stockholder as long-term capital gain.

 

If an investor recognizes a loss upon a subsequent disposition of stock or other securities of JER Investors Trust in an amount that exceeds a prescribed threshold, it is possible that the provisions of recently adopted Treasury regulations involving “reportable transactions” could apply, with a resulting requirement to separately disclose the loss generating transaction to the IRS. While these regulations are directed towards “tax shelters,” they are written quite broadly, and apply to transactions that would not typically be considered tax shelters. In addition, the 2004 Act imposes significant penalties for failure to comply with these requirements. You should consult your tax advisors concerning any possible disclosure obligation with respect to the receipt or disposition of stock or securities of JER Investors Trust, or transactions that might be undertaken directly or indirectly by JER Investors Trust. Moreover, you should be aware that JER Investors Trust and other participants in the transactions involving JER Investors Trust (including their advisors) might be subject to disclosure or other requirements pursuant to these regulations.

 

Taxation of Foreign Stockholders

 

The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of JER Investors Trust stock applicable to non-U.S. holders of JER Investors Trust stock. A “non-U.S. holder” is any person other than:

 

(a) a citizen or resident of the United States,

 

(b) a corporation or partnership created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States, or of any state thereof, or the District of Columbia,

 

(c) an estate, the income of which is includable in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source, or

 

(d) a trust if a United States court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more United States fiduciaries have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.

 

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If a partnership, including for this purpose any entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holds common stock of JER Investors Trust, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. An investor that is a partnership and the partners in such partnership should consult their tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of JER Investors Trust common stock.

 

The discussion is based on current law, and is for general information only. It addresses only selected, and not all, aspects of U.S. federal income and estate taxation.

 

Ordinary Dividends . The portion of dividends received by non-U.S. holders payable out of the earnings and profits of JER Investors Trust which are not attributable to capital gains of JER Investors Trust and which are not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. holder will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%, unless reduced or eliminated by treaty. Reduced treaty rates are not available to the extent that income is attributable to excess inclusion income of JER Investors Trust allocable to the foreign stockholder. See “Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Taxable Mortgage Pools and Excess Inclusion Income.”

 

In general, non-U.S. holders will not be considered to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business solely as a result of their ownership of JER Investors Trust stock. In cases where the dividend income from a non-U.S. holder’s investment in JER Investors Trust stock is, or is treated as, effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the non-U.S. holder generally will be subject to U.S. tax at graduated rates, in the same manner as domestic stockholders are taxed with respect to such dividends, such income must generally be reported on a U.S. income tax return filed by or on behalf of the non-U.S. holder, and the income may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a non-U.S. holder that is a corporation.

 

Non-Dividend Distributions . Unless JER Investors Trust stock constitutes a U.S. real property interest (a “USRPI”), distributions by JER Investors Trust which are not dividends out of the earnings and profits of JER Investors Trust will not be subject to U.S. income tax. If it cannot be determined at the time at which a distribution is made whether or not the distribution will exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distribution will be subject to withholding at the rate applicable to dividends. However, the non-U.S. holder may seek a refund from the IRS of any amounts withheld if it is subsequently determined that the distribution was, in fact, in excess of JER Investors Trust’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. If JER Investors Trust stock constitutes a USRPI, as described below, distributions by JER Investors Trust in excess of the sum of its earnings and profits plus the stockholder’s basis in its JER Investors Trust stock will be taxed under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (“FIRPTA”) at the rate of tax, including any applicable capital gains rates, that would apply to a domestic stockholder of the same type (e.g., an individual or a corporation, as the case may be), and the collection of the tax will be enforced by a refundable withholding at a rate of 10% of the amount by which the distribution exceeds the stockholder’s share of JER Investors Trust’s earnings and profits.

 

Capital Gain Dividends . Under FIRPTA, a distribution made by JER Investors Trust to a non-U.S. holder, to the extent attributable to gains from dispositions of USRPIs held by JER Investors Trust directly or through pass-through subsidiaries (“USRPI capital gains”), will, except as described below, be considered effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. holder and will be subject to U.S. income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. individuals or corporations, without regard to whether the distribution is designated as a capital gain dividend. See above under “—Taxation of Foreign Stockholders—Ordinary Dividends,” for a discussion of the consequences of income that is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. In addition, JER Investors Trust will be required to withhold tax equal to 35% of the amount of dividends to the extent the dividends constitute USRPI capital gains. Distributions subject to FIRPTA may also be subject to a 30% branch profits tax in the hands of a non-U.S. holder that is a corporation. A distribution is not a USRPI capital gain if JER Investors Trust held the underlying asset solely as a creditor. Capital gain dividends received by a non-U.S. holder from a REIT that are attributable to dispositions by that REIT of assets other than USRPIs are not subject

 

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to U.S. income or withholding tax, unless (1) the gain is effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s U.S. trade or business, in which case the non-U.S. holder would be subject to the same treatment as U.S. holders with respect to such gain, or (2) the non- U.S. holder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a “tax home” in the United States, in which case the non-U.S. holder will incur a 30% tax on his or her capital gains.

 

Pursuant to the 2004 Act, a capital gain dividend by JER Investors Trust that would otherwise have been treated as a USRPI capital gain will not be so treated or be subject to FIRPTA, will generally not be treated as income that is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, and will instead be treated the same as an ordinary dividend from JER Investors Trust (see “—Taxation of Foreign Stockholders—Ordinary Dividends”), provided that (1) the capital gain dividend is received with respect to a class of stock that is regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States, and (2) the recipient non-U.S. holder does not own more than 5% of that class of stock at any time during the taxable year in which the capital gain dividend is received. This provision of the 2004 Act is effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2004. JER Investors Trust anticipates that its common stock will be “regularly traded” on an established securities exchange following this offering.

 

Dispositions of JER Investors Trust Stock . Unless JER Investors Trust stock constitutes a USRPI, a sale of the stock by a non-U.S. holder generally will not be subject to U.S. taxation under FIRPTA. The stock will not be treated as a USRPI if less than 50% of JER Investors Trust’s assets throughout a prescribed testing period consist of interests in real property located within the United States, excluding, for this purpose, interests in real property solely in a capacity as a creditor. It is not currently anticipated that JER Investors Trust stock will constitute a USRPI.

 

Even if the foregoing test is not met, JER Investors Trust stock nonetheless will not constitute a USRPI if JER Investors Trust is a “domestically-controlled REIT.” A domestically-controlled REIT is a REIT in which, at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of its shares is held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. holders. JER Investors Trust believes that it is, and it expects to continue to be, a domestically-controlled REIT and, therefore, the sale of JER Investors Trust stock should not be subject to taxation under FIRPTA. Because it is expected that JER Investors Trust stock will be publicly traded following this offering, however, no assurance can be given that JER Investors Trust will remain a domestically-controlled REIT.

 

In the event that JER Investors Trust does not constitute a domestically-controlled REIT, but its common stock becomes “regularly traded,” as defined by applicable Treasury Department regulations, on an established securities market, a non-U.S. holder’s sale of common stock nonetheless would not be subject to tax under FIRPTA as a sale of a USRPI, provided that the selling non-U.S. holder held 5% or less of JER Investors Trust’s outstanding common stock at all times during a specified testing period.

 

If gain on the sale of stock of JER Investors Trust were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the non-U.S. holder would be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return and would be subject to the same treatment as a U.S. stockholder with respect to such gain, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of non-resident alien individuals, and the purchaser of the stock could be required to withhold 10% of the purchase price and remit such amount to the IRS.

 

Gain from the sale of JER Investors Trust stock that would not otherwise be subject to FIRPTA will nonetheless be taxable in the United States to a non-U.S. holder in two cases: (a) if the non-U.S. holder’s investment in the JER Investors Trust stock is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business conducted by such non-U.S. holder, the non-U.S. holder will be subject to the same treatment as a U.S. stockholder with respect to such gain, or (b) if the non-U.S. holder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a “tax home” in the United States, the nonresident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual’s capital gain.

 

 

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Estate Tax . JER Investors Trust stock owned or treated as owned by an individual who is not a citizen or resident (as specially defined for U.S. federal estate tax purposes) of the United States at the time of death will be includable in the individual’s gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes, unless an applicable estate tax treaty provides otherwise, and may therefore be subject to U.S. federal estate tax.

 

Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders

 

Tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and profit sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts, generally are exempt from federal income taxation. However, they may be subject to taxation on their unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”). While some investments in real estate may generate UBTI, the IRS has ruled that dividend distributions from a REIT to a tax-exempt entity do not constitute UBTI. Based on that ruling, and provided that (1) a tax-exempt stockholder has not held its JER Investors Trust stock as “debt financed property” within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code (i.e., where the acquisition or holding of the property is financed through a borrowing by the tax-exempt stockholder), and (2) the JER Investors Trust stock is not otherwise used in an unrelated trade or business, distributions from JER Investors Trust and income from the sale of the JER Investors Trust stock generally should not give rise to UBTI to a tax-exempt stockholder.

 

To the extent, however, that JER Investors Trust (or a part of JER Investors Trust, or a disregarded subsidiary of JER Investors Trust) is a TMP, or if JER Investors Trust holds residual interests in a REMIC, a portion of the dividends paid to a tax-exempt stockholder that is allocable to excess inclusion income may be subject to tax as UBTI. If, however, excess inclusion income is allocable to some categories of tax-exempt stockholders that are not subject to UBTI, JER Investors Trust might be subject to corporate level tax on such income, and, in that case, may reduce the amount of distributions to those stockholders whose ownership gave rise to the tax. See “Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Taxable Mortgage Pools and Excess Inclusion Income.”

 

Tax-exempt stockholders that are social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, and qualified group legal services plans exempt from federal income taxation under sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) and (c)(20) of the Internal Revenue Code, respectively, are subject to different UBTI rules, which generally will require them to characterize distributions from JER Investors Trust as UBTI.

 

In certain circumstances, a pension trust that owns more than 10% of JER Investors Trust’s stock could be required to treat a percentage of the dividends from JER Investors Trust as UBTI, if JER Investors Trust is a “pension-held REIT.” JER Investors Trust will not be a pension-held REIT unless either (A) one pension trust owns more than 25% of the value of JER Investors Trust’s stock, or (B) a group of pension trusts, each individually holding more than 10% of the value of JER Investors Trust’s stock, collectively owns more than 50% of such stock. Certain restrictions on ownership and transfer of JER Investors Trust’s stock should generally prevent a tax-exempt entity from owning more than 10% of the value of JER Investors Trust’s stock, or JER Investors Trust from becoming a pension-held REIT.

 

Tax-exempt stockholders are urged to consult their tax advisor regarding the federal, state, local and foreign income and other tax consequences of owning JER Investors Trust stock.

 

Other Tax Considerations

 

Legislative or Other Actions Affecting REITs

 

The rules dealing with federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. Changes to the federal tax laws and interpretations thereof could adversely affect an investment in our stock

 

The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 contains a number of provisions that affect the tax treatment of REITs and their stockholders. As discussed above, the 2004 Act includes provisions that generally ease

 

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compliance with certain REIT asset requirements, with the REIT 95% gross income requirement (in connection with income from hedging activities), and which grant relief in cases involving violations of the REIT asset and other requirements, provided that specified conditions are met. See “Taxation of JER Investors Trust—Requirements for Qualification—General,” “—Asset Tests,” “—Income Tests” and “—Failure to Qualify.” The 2004 Act also alters the tax treatment of capital gain dividends received by foreign stockholders in some cases. See “Taxation of Stockholders—Taxation of Foreign Stockholders—Capital Gain Dividends.” These changes are generally effective beginning in 2005, except that the provisions relating to the 10% asset (value) requirement have retroactive effect to 2001.

 

State, Local and Foreign Taxes

 

JER Investors Trust and its subsidiaries and stockholders may be subject to state, local or foreign taxation in various jurisdictions, including those in which it or they transact business, own property or reside. JER Investors Trust may own properties located in numerous jurisdictions, and may be required to file tax returns in some or all of those jurisdictions. The state, local or foreign tax treatment of JER Investors Trust and its stockholders may not conform to the federal income tax treatment discussed above. JER Investors Trust may pay foreign property taxes, and dispositions of foreign property or operations involving, or investments in, foreign property may give rise to foreign income or other tax liability in amounts that could be substantial. Any foreign taxes incurred by JER Investors Trust do not pass through to stockholders as a credit against their United States federal income tax liability. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the application and effect of state, local and foreign income and other tax laws on an investment in stock or other securities of JER Investors Trust.

 

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ERISA CONSIDERATIONS

 

The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended or ERISA, and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code impose certain restrictions on (a) employee benefit plans (as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA) that are subject to Title I of ERISA, (b) plans (as defined in Section 4975(e) (1) of the Internal Revenue Code) that are subject to Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, including individual retirement accounts or Keogh plans, (c) any entities whose underlying assets include plan assets by reason of such a plan’s investment in such entities, each of (a), (b) and (c), a plan and (d) persons who have certain specified relationships to Plans (referred to as “parties in interest” under ERISA and “disqualified persons” under the Internal Revenue Code). Moreover, based on the reasoning of the United States Supreme Court in John Hancock Life Ins. Co. v. Harris Trust and Sav. Bank, 510 U.S. 86 (1993), an insurance company’s general account may be deemed to include assets of the plans investing in the general account (for example, through the purchase of an annuity contract), and such insurance company might be treated as a party in interest with respect to a plan by virtue of such investment. ERISA also imposes certain duties on persons who are fiduciaries of plans subject to ERISA, and ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code prohibit certain transactions between a plan and parties in interest or disqualified persons with respect to such plan. Violations of these rules may result in the imposition of excise taxes and other penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code.

 

ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code prohibit a broad range of transactions involving plan assets and parties in interest and disqualified persons, unless a statutory or administrative exemption is available. Parties in interest and disqualified persons that participate in a prohibited transaction may be subject to a penalty imposed under ERISA and/or an excise tax imposed pursuant to Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, unless a statutory or administrative exemption is available. These prohibited transactions generally are set forth in Section 406 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

In addition, under Department of Labor Regulation Section 2510.3-101, the purchase of equity interests in us with plan assets that are subject to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of Internal Revenue the Code would cause our assets to be deemed plan assets of the investing plan which, in turn, would subject us and our assets to the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA and the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code unless an exception to this regulation is applicable.

 

One exception under the Department of Labor’s plan assets regulation provides that an investing plan’s assets will not include any of the underlying assets of an entity if the class of “equity” interests in question are “publicly-offered securities,” defined as securities that are (1) held by 100 or more investors who are independent of the issuer and each other, (2) freely transferable, and (3) either (a) part of a class of securities registered under Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act or (b) sold to the plan as part of an offering of securities to the public under an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933 and the class of securities of which that security is part is registered under the Exchange Act within the requisite time.

 

Prior to the time that this registration statement becomes effective, investors using assets of plans subject to ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code (including, as applicable, assets of an insurance company general account) have not been permitted to acquire the shares and each investor has been deemed to have represented to us that it is not a plan subject to ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

Although no assurances can be given, we believe that the “publicly-offered securities” exception will be applicable to the common stock offered hereby upon effectiveness of this registration statement, so that our underlying assets would not be deemed to be assets of an investing plan.

 

If our common stock does not meet the “publicly-offered securities” exception, our assets could be deemed to be the assets of Plans investing in our common stock. If our assets were deemed to constitute the assets of an investing Plan, (i) transactions involving our assets could be subject to the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code for which no exemption may be

 

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available, (ii) our assets could be subject to ERISA’s reporting and disclosure requirements, and (iii) the fiduciary causing the Plan to make an investment in our common stock could be deemed to have delegated its responsibility to manage the assets of the Plan.

 

Any purchaser that is an insurance company using the assets of an insurance company general account should note that pursuant to regulations promulgated under Section 401(c) of ERISA the assets of an insurance company general account will not be treated as “plan assets” for purposes of the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code to the extent such assets relate to contracts issued to employee benefit plans on or before December 31, 1998 and the insurer satisfies various conditions. The plan asset status of insurance company separate accounts is unaffected by Section 401(c) of ERISA, and separate account assets continue to be treated as the plan assets of any such plan invested in a separate account.

 

Certain employee benefit plans, such as governmental plans (as defined in Section 3(32) of ERISA) and certain church plans (as defined in Section 3(33) of ERISA), are not subject to the requirements of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code. Accordingly, assets of such plans may be invested in the shares without regard to the ERISA considerations described herein, subject to the provisions or other applicable federal and state law. However, any such plan that is qualified and exempt from taxation under Sections 401(a) and 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code is subject to the prohibited transaction rules set forth in Section 503 of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

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UNDERWRITING

 

Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. is acting as representative of the underwriters of this offering. Subject to the terms and conditions in the underwriting agreement entered into in connection with the sale of our common stock described in this prospectus, the underwriters named below have severally agreed to purchase the number of shares of common stock set forth opposite their respective names:

 

Underwriter


   Number of
Shares of
Common Stock


Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc.  

    
    

Total

    
    

 

The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the underwriters to purchase and accept delivery of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus are subject to approval by their counsel of legal matters and to other conditions contained in the underwriting agreement including, among other items, the receipt of legal opinions from counsel, the receipt of comfort letters from our current auditors, the absence of any material adverse changes affecting us or our business and the absence of any objections from the National Association of Securities Dealers Inc. with respect to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms. The underwriters are obligated to purchase and accept delivery of all of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus, other than those covered by the over-allotment option described below, if any shares are taken. If an underwriter defaults, the underwriting agreement provides that the purchase commitments of the non-defaulting underwriters may be increased or, in the event that the purchase commitments of the defaulting underwriters represent more than 10% of the total number shares of common stock offered by this prospectus, the underwriting agreement may be terminated.

 

The underwriters propose to offer the shares of common stock directly to the public at the public offering price indicated on the cover page of this prospectus and to various dealers at that price less a concession not to exceed $             per share, of which $             may be reallowed to other dealers. After this offering, the public offering price, concession and reallowance to dealers may be reduced by the underwriters. No reduction shall change the amount of proceeds to be received by us as indicated on the cover page of this prospectus. The common stock is offered by the underwriters as stated in this prospectus, subject to receipt and acceptance by them and subject to their right to reject any order in whole or in part.

 

We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable within 30 days after the date of this prospectus, to purchase from time to time up to an aggregate of              additional shares of our common stock to cover over-allotments, if any, at the public offering price less the underwriting discount. If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option to purchase any of the additional              shares of common stock, each underwriter, subject to certain conditions, will become obligated to purchase these additional shares based on the underwriters’ percentage purchase commitment in the offering as indicated in the table above. If purchased, these additional shares will be sold by the underwriters on the same terms as those on which the shares offered by this prospectus are being sold. The underwriters may exercise the over-allotment option to cover over-allotments made in connection with the sale of the shares of common stock offered in this offering.

 

The following table summarizes the underwriting compensation to be paid to the underwriters by us and the selling stockholders. These amounts assume both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase additional shares.

 

     Without Over-Allotment

   With Over-Allotment

By us:

         

Per share

         

Total

         

By the selling stockholders:

         

Per share

         

Total

         

 

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We estimate that the total expenses payable by us in connection with this offering will be approximately $            .

 

We and the selling stockholders have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against various liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, or to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make because of any of those liabilities. The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend to confirm sales to any accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority.

 

We intend to apply to list our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange upon the completion of this offering under the symbol “JRT.” In connection with the listing of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange, the underwriters will undertake to sell round lots of 100 shares or more to a minimum of 2,000 beneficial owners.

 

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock, other than limited trading on the Portal Market. The initial public offering price has been determined through negotiations between the underwriters and us. Among the factors considered in such determination were:

 

    prevailing market conditions;

 

    dividend yields and financial characteristics of publicly traded REITs that we and the underwriters believe to be comparable to us;

 

    the present state of our financial and business operations;

 

    our management;

 

    estimates of our business and earnings potential; and

 

    the prospects for the industry in which we operate.

 

Each of our executive officers and directors has agreed, subject to specified exceptions, not to:

 

    offer, sell, agree to offer or sell, solicit offers to purchase, grant any call option or purchase any put option with respect to, pledge, borrow or otherwise dispose of any shares of common stock, any of our or our subsidiaries’ other equity securities or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of our common stock or any such equity securities; or

 

    establish or increase any “put equivalent position” or liquidate or decrease any “call equivalent position” or otherwise enter into any swap, derivative or other transaction or arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences associated with the ownership of any shares of our common stock or of our or our subsidiaries’ other equity securities (regardless of whether any of these transactions are to be settled by the delivery of common stock, other securities, cash or otherwise) for a period of      days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. This restriction terminates after the close of trading of the common stock on and including the     th day after the date of this prospectus. However, Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. may, in its sole discretion and at any time or from time to time before the termination of the     -day period, without notice, release all or any portion of the securities subject to lock-up agreements. There are no other existing agreements between the underwriters and any officer or director who has executed a lock-up agreement providing consent to the sale of shares prior to the expiration of the lock-up period.

 

In addition, we have agreed that, for      days after the date of this prospectus, we will not, without the prior written consent of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc., issue, sell, contract to sell, or otherwise dispose of, any shares of common stock, any options or warrants to purchase any shares of common stock or any securities convertible into, exercisable for or exchangeable for shares of common stock other than our sale of shares in this offering, the issuance of options or shares of common stock upon the exercise of outstanding options or warrants, the issuance of options or shares of common stock under existing stock option and incentive plans, or the

 

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issuance of common stock or other securities convertible into common stock issued in connection with the acquisition of properties. We also have agreed that we will not consent to the disposition of any shares held by officers or directors subject to lock-up agreements prior to the expiration of their respective lock-up periods unless pursuant to an exception to those agreements or with the consent of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. The lockup provisions do not prohibit us from filing a resale registration statement to register the resale of the shares issued in our June 2004 private placement.

 

Our stockholders other than our executive officers and directors may not sell or otherwise dispose of any of the shares of our common stock or securities convertible into our common stock that they have acquired prior to the date of this prospectus and are not selling in this offering until 90 days after the date of this prospectus, subject to limited exceptions.

 

In connection with this offering, the underwriters may engage in activities that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our common stock, including:

 

    short sales;

 

    syndicate covering transactions;

 

    imposition of penalty bids; and

 

    purchases to cover positions created by short sales.

 

Stabilizing transactions consist of bids or purchases made for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common stock while this offering is in progress. Stabilizing transactions may include making short sales of our common stock, which involves the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of shares of common stock than they are required to purchase in this offering, and purchasing common stock from us or in the open market to cover positions created by short sales. Short sales may be “covered” shorts, which are short positions in an amount not greater than the underwriters’ over-allotment option referred to above, or may be “naked” shorts, which are short positions in excess of that amount.

 

The underwriters may close out any covered short position either by exercising their over-allotment option, in whole or in part, or by purchasing shares in the open market. In making this determination, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market compared to the price at which the underwriters may purchase shares pursuant to the over-allotment option.

 

A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the common stock in the open market that could adversely affect investors who purchased in this offering. To the extent that the underwriters create a naked short position, they will purchase shares in the open market to cover the position.

 

The representatives also may impose a penalty bid on underwriters and selling group members. This means that if the representative purchases shares in the open market in stabilizing transactions or to cover short sales, the representative can require the underwriters or selling group members that sold those shares as part of this offering to repay underwriting discount or the selling concession received by them.

 

As a result of these activities, the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. If the underwriters commence these activities, they may discontinue them at any time. The underwriters may carry out these transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.

 

The underwriters do not expect sales to accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority to exceed 5% of the total number of shares of common stock offered by this prospectus.

 

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At our request, the underwriters have reserved up to % of the common stock being offered by this prospectus for sale to our directors, employees, business associates and related persons at the public offering price. The sales will be made by Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. through a directed share program. We do not know if these persons will choose to purchase all or any portion of these reserved shares, but any purchases they do make will reduce the number of shares available to the general public. These persons must commit to purchase no later than the close of business on the day following the date of this prospectus. Any directors, employees or other persons purchasing such reserved shares will be prohibited from disposing of or hedging such shares for a period of at least      days after the date of this prospectus. The common stock issued in connection with the directed share program will be issued as part of the underwritten public offering.

 

The underwriters and their affiliates may from time to time engage in future transactions with us and our affiliates and provide services to us and our affiliates in the ordinary course of their business.

 

LEGAL MATTERS

 

Certain legal matters will be passed upon for us by Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, New York, New York, and DLA Piper Rudnick Gray Cary US LLP, Baltimore, Maryland, and for the underwriters by Hunton & Williams LLP.

 

EXPERTS

 

The consolidated financial statements of JER Investors Trust Inc. as of September 30, 2004 and for the period from inception (April 19, 2004) to September 30, 2004 appearing in this prospectus have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

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I NDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   F-1

Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2004

   F-2

Consolidated Statement of Earnings for the period from inception (April 19, 2004) to
September 30, 2004

   F-3

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the period from inception (April 19, 2004) to September 30, 2004

   F-4

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the period from inception (April 19, 2004) to September 30, 2004

   F-5

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   F-6


Table of Contents

Report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

The Board of Directors and Shareholders JER Investors Trust Inc.

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of JER Investors Trust Inc. and subsidiaries as of September 30, 2004, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the period from inception (April 19, 2004) to September 30, 2004. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of JER Investors Trust Inc. and subsidiaries at September 30, 2004, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for the period from inception (April 19, 2004) to September 30, 2004, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 

February 14, 2005

 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

 

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JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

SEPTEMBER 30, 2004

(In thousands, except share data)

 

ASSETS

        

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 132,847  

CMBS, held-to-maturity

     526,888  

CMBS, available-for-sale

     120,748  

Accrued interest receivable

     3,351  

Other assets

     7,207  
    


Total Assets

   $ 791,041  
    


LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

        

Liabilities:

        

Bonds payable, secured by pledge of CMBS

   $ 623,358  

Accrued interest payable

     3,120  

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

     1,242  

Due to affiliate

     528  
    


Total Liabilities

     628,248  
    


STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

        

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, and 11,845,010 shares issued and outstanding

     118  

Additional paid-in capital

     165,128  

Undistributed loss

     (6,126 )

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     3,673  
    


Total Stockholders’ Equity

     162,793  
    


Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

   $ 791,041  
    


 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EARNINGS

FOR THE PERIOD FROM INCEPTION (April 19, 2004) TO SEPTEMBER 30, 2004

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

 

REVENUES

        

Interest income from CMBS

   $ 7,344  

Interest income from cash and cash equivalents

     612  
    


Total Revenues

     7,956  

EXPENSES

        

Interest

     6,669  

Management fees

     1,066  

General and administrative

     1,228  

Stock compensation

     5,119  
    


Total Expenses

     14,082  
    


NET LOSS

   $ (6,126 )
    


Basic and diluted loss per share

   $ (0.74 )
    


Weighted average shares used in computing basic and diluted loss per share

     8,307,219  
    


 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE PERIOD FROM INCEPTION (April 19, 2004) TO SEPTEMBER 30, 2004

(In thousands)

 

    Common Stock

 

Additional

Paid-in
Capital


 

Undistributed

Loss


   

Accumulated
Other

Comprehensive

Income


  Total

 
    Shares

  Amount

       

Balance at April 19, 2004

  —     $ —     $ —     $ —       $ —     $ —    

Comprehensive loss:

                                     

Net loss

                    (6,126 )           (6,126 )

Unrealized holding gains on securities available-for-sale

                            3,673     3,673  
                   


 

 


Total comprehensive loss

                    (6,126 )     3,673     (2,453 )

Shares issued, net of offering costs

  11,500     115     160,012                   160,127  

Stock awards issued

  345     3     5,097                   5,100  

Amortization of unearned compensation

              19                   19  
   
 

 

 


 

 


Balance at September 30, 2004

  11,845   $ 118   $ 165,128   $ (6,126 )   $ 3,673   $ 162,793  
   
 

 

 


 

 


 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE PERIOD FROM INCEPTION (April 19, 2004) TO SEPTEMBER 30, 2004

(In thousands)

 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

        

Net loss

   $ (6,126 )

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

        

Amortization

     (262 )

Compensation expense related to stock awards

     5,119  

Changes in assets and liabilities:

        

Increase in other assets

     (3,625 )

Increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities

     4,890  
    


Net cash used in by operating activities

     (4 )
    


CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

        

Purchase of CMBS, held by Re-REMIC

     (18,394 )

Purchase of CMBS, available-for-sale

     (8,883 )

Principal received on CMBS, held by Re-REMIC

     1,566  
    


Net cash used in investing activities

     (25,711 )
    


CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

        

Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs

     160,128  

Principal payments on bonds

     (1,566 )
    


Net cash provided by financing activities

     158,562  
    


Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

     132,847  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

     —    
    


Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

   $ 132,847  
    


SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

        

The Company invested in CMBS issued by a Re-REMIC trust, which was consolidated during the period:

        

Assets acquired (including debt issuance costs of $6.9 million)

   $ 643,701  

Liabilities assumed

   $ 625,307  

Unrealized gains on securities available-for-sale

   $ 3,673  

 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

1. ORGANIZATION

 

JER Investors Trust Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), was formed on April 19, 2004 for the purpose of acquiring and originating a diversified portfolio of commercial real estate structured finance investments. References herein to “we”, “us” or “our” refer to JER Investors Trust Inc. unless the context specifically requires otherwise.

 

The Company intends to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax on that portion of income that is distributed to stockholders if at least 90% of its REIT taxable income is distributed to its stockholders. Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, the business of the Company is managed by JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC (together with its affiliates, “JER”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”) and a Re-REMIC trust which is subject to consolidation. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. There are no balances or activities in the TRS.

 

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The results of operations as of September 30, 2004 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for a full year of operations. In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management must make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company intends to elect to be taxed as a REIT and to comply with the related provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. Accordingly, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent of its distributions to stockholders and as long as certain asset, income and stock ownership tests are met. If the Company were to fail to meet these requirements, it would be subject to federal income tax which could have a material adverse impact on its results of operations and amounts available for distributions to its stockholders.

 

Dividends to Stockholders

 

In order for corporate income tax not to apply to the earnings that we distribute, we must distribute to our stockholders an amount at least equal to (i) 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain), plus (ii) 90% of the excess of our net income from foreclosure property (as defined in Section 856(e) of the Internal Revenue Code) over the tax imposed on such income by the Internal Revenue Code, less (iii) any excess non-cash income (as determined under the Internal Revenue Code). We are subject to income tax on income that is not distributed, and to an excise tax to the extent that certain percentages of our income are not distributed by specified dates. The actual amount and timing of distributions is at the discretion of our board of directors, and depends upon various factors. Dividends to stockholders are recorded on the record date.

 

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Table of Contents

JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Earnings per Share

 

The Company calculates basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 128 “Earnings per Share.” Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated using income available to common stockholders divided by the weighted average of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is similar to Basic EPS except that the weighted average of common shares outstanding is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential common shares had been exercised. A total of 172,500 shares of common stock with contingent features have been excluded from the calculation of earnings per share.

 

Comprehensive Income

 

Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income. The Company’s other comprehensive income is comprised primarily of unrealized gains and losses on securities categorized as available-for-sale.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Interest income on loans and securities investments is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. Mortgage loans will generally be originated or purchased at or near par value and interest income will be recognized based on the contractual terms of the debt instrument. Any loan fees or acquisition costs on originated loans will be deferred and recognized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to yield. Interest income on commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) is recognized on the effective interest method as required by SFAS No. 91 “Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases” for CMBS held-to-maturity and Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) 99-20 for CMBS available-for-sale.

 

Under EITF 99-20 management estimates, at the time of purchase, the future expected cash flows and determines the effective interest rate based on these estimated cash flows and our purchase prices. On a quarterly basis, these estimated cash flows are updated and a revised yield is calculated based on the current amortized cost of the investment. In estimating these cash flows, there are a number of assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies. These include the rate and timing of principal payments (including prepayments, repurchases, defaults and liquidations), the pass through or coupon rate, and interest rate fluctuations. In addition, interest payment shortfalls due to delinquencies on the underlying mortgage loans, and the timing of and magnitude of credit losses on the mortgage loans underlying the securities have to be judgmentally estimated. These uncertainties and contingencies are difficult to predict and are subject to future events which may impact management’s estimates and its interest income. For investments classified as held-to-maturity, premiums and discounts on securities are recognized as an adjustment to yield over the life of the bonds.

 

For available-for-sale securities, when current period cash flow estimates are lower than the previous period, and fair value is less than an asset’s carrying value, the Company will write down the asset to fair market value and record the impairment charge in current period earnings. After taking into account the effect of the impairment charge, income is recognized using the market yield for the security used in establishing the write-down.

 

Loan Loss Provisions

 

The Company purchases and originates commercial mortgage and mezzanine loans to be held as long-term investments. The loans are evaluated for possible impairment on a quarterly basis. Impairment occurs when it is

 

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Table of Contents

JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

deemed probable that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. Upon determination of impairment, the Company will establish a reserve for loan losses and a corresponding charge to earnings through the provision for loan losses. Significant judgments are required in determining impairment, including making assumptions regarding the value of the loan or the value of the real estate or partnership interests that secure the loan. As of September 30, 2004, the Company had not purchased or originated any loans.

 

Derivative Activities

 

The Company accounts for derivative and hedging activities using SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” as amended, which requires all derivative instruments to be carried at fair value on the balance sheet. As of September 30, 2004 the Company had no derivatives or hedges outstanding.

 

Stock-Based Compensation

 

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with SFAS No. 123, as amended, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” which established accounting and disclosure requirements using a fair-value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation plans. Compensation expense related to grants of stock, stock options and other equity instruments is recognized over the vesting period of such grants based on the estimated fair value on the grant date.

 

Securities Valuation

 

The Company accounts for its investments in CMBS in accordance with SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.” The Company classifies its investments as either available-for-sale or held-to-maturity at the time of purchase and periodically re-evaluates such classification.

 

Certain of the CMBS held by the Re-REMIC trust, which is required to be consolidated as described below under Variable Interest Entities , are designated as held-to-maturity. These CMBS are classified as held-to-maturity because the Company has both the positive intent and the ability to hold the securities to maturity. Additionally, management believes that these securities will be settled in such a way that the trust will receive substantially all of its recorded investment. These securities are carried at amortized cost and any unrealized holding gains and losses are not realized until a decline in fair value below cost is deemed to be other-than-temporary. The remainder of the Company’s investments in CMBS is designated as available-for-sale because the Company may dispose of them prior to maturity in response to changes in the market, liquidity needs, etc. even though it does not hold the securities for the purpose of selling them in the near term.

 

Many of these investments are relatively illiquid and management must estimate their values. In making these estimates, management uses a discounted cash flow model which utilizes prepayment and loss assumptions based upon historical experience, economic factors and the characteristics of the underlying cash flow in order to substantiate the fair value of the securities. The assumed discount rate is based upon the yield of comparable securities. The determination of future cash flows and the appropriate discount rate is inherently subjective and actual results may vary from our estimates. Management also uses pricing information from dealers who make markets in these securities, but under certain circumstances the Company may adjust these valuations based on its knowledge of the securities and the underlying collateral.

 

Any unrealized gains and losses on securities available-for-sale which are determined to be temporary do not affect our reported income or cash flows, but are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity and, accordingly, affect book value per share. The Company must also assess whether unrealized losses on securities indicate impairment, which would result in writing down the security to its fair value, through earnings. This will create a new carrying basis for the security and a revised yield will be calculated based on the future estimated cash flows as described above under Revenue Recognition .

 

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JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash, time deposits, money market funds, and commercial paper with an original maturity of 90 days or less when purchased. Carrying value approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of the investments.

 

Variable Interest Entities

 

In December 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a revised version of FASB Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FIN 46R”). FIN 46R addresses the application of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, “Consolidated Financial Statements,” to certain entities in which voting rights are not effective in identifying the investor with the controlling financial interest. An entity is subject to consolidation under FIN 46R if the investors either do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, are unable to direct the entity’s activities, or are not exposed to the entity’s losses or entitled to its residual returns (“variable interest entities” or “VIEs”). Variable interest entities within the scope of FIN 46R are required to be consolidated by their primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity is determined to be the party that absorbs a majority of the entity’s expected losses, receives a majority of its expected returns, or both.

 

The Company’s ownership of the subordinated classes of CMBS from a single issuer where it maintains the right to control the foreclosure/workout process on the underlying loans (“Controlling Class CMBS”) are variable interests in Special Purpose Entities (“SPEs”), which have been deemed VIEs and therefore subject to the FIN 46R consolidation criteria. Provided in FIN 46R are exceptions to the consolidation of VIEs. Specifically, an enterprise that holds variable interests in a qualifying special-purpose entity (“QSPE”) does not consolidate that entity unless that enterprise has the unilateral ability to cause the entity to liquidate. The requirements regarding the QSPE structure are contained in SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities”. To the extent its CMBS investments were issued by a trust that meets the requirements to be considered a QSPE, the Company records the investments at the purchase price paid. To the extent the underlying trusts are not QSPEs, the Company follows the guidance set forth in FIN 46R. Because the Company typically acquires the non-rated and lower rated classes of bonds from the trusts, the Company generally expects to consolidate trusts which are not QSPEs. The Company’s management has concluded that the Re-REMIC trust which issued the CMBS in which it invested was not structured as a QSPE. The Re-REMIC is subject to consolidation and is reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

 

3. CMBS

 

The Company’s CMBS held-to-maturity are carried at amortized cost. The CMBS available-for-sale investments are carried at estimated fair value.

 

The Company acquired non-investment grade rated and unrated bonds from a Re-REMIC trust for $18.4 million. As noted above, the trust has been consolidated resulting in $638.7 million of CMBS recorded on the September 30, 2004 balance sheet. These assets have been pledged to secure the bonds which were issued by the trust.

 

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JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The following is a summary of the Company’s CMBS as of September 30, 2004:

 

(In thousands)    Held-to-Maturity

Security Description


  

Amortized Cost

(Net Carrying

Value)


   Gross Unrealized

  

Estimated

Fair Value


   Weighted Average

            Gains    

       Losses    

          Coupon    

        Term (yrs)    

Investment Grade

   $ 128,869    $ 1,664    $ —      $ 130,533    7.18 %   4.54

BB rated

     398,019      9,582      —        407,601    7.39 %   6.81
    

  

  

  

  

 

Total CMBS, held-to-maturity

   $ 526,888    $ 11,246    $ —      $ 538,134    7.34 %   6.26
    

  

  

  

  

 

 

     Available-for-Sale

     Amortized
Cost


   Gross Unrealized

  

Estimated Fair

Value (Net

Carrying Value)


   Weighted Average

Security Description


          Gains    

       Losses    

          Coupon    

        Term (yrs)    

B rated

   $ 117,075    $ 3,673    $ —      $ 120,748    6.08 %   9.22
    

  

  

  

  

 

Total CMBS, available-for-sale

   $ 117,075    $ 3,673    $ —      $ 120,748    6.08 %   9.22
    

  

  

  

  

 

 

As of September 30, 2004, the mortgage loans in the underlying collateral pools for all CMBS was secured by properties at the locations and of the types identified below:

 

Location


       % (1)     

   

Property Type


       % (1)     

 

California

   16.5 %  

Retail

   29.2 %

Texas

   8.5 %  

Residential

   28.3 %

New York

   7.0 %  

Office

   13.6 %

Florida

   6.9 %  

Hospitality

   11.7 %

New Jersey

   5.3 %  

Industrial

   5.5 %

Massachusetts

   3.3 %  

Other (2)

   11.7 %
               

Georgia

   3.0 %  

Total

   100.0 %
               

Other (2)

   49.5 %           
    

          

Total

   100.0 %           
    

          

(1) Percentages are based on the amortized cost of the underlying securities.
(2) No other individual state or property type comprises more than 3.0% of the total.

 

The non-investment grade rated and unrated tranches of the CMBS owned by the Company provide credit support to the more senior classes of the related commercial securitizations. Cash flow from the underlying mortgages generally is allocated first to the senior tranches, with the most senior tranches having a priority right to the cash flow. Any remaining cash flow is allocated, generally, among the other tranches in order of their relative seniority. To the extent there are defaults and unrecoverable losses on the underlying mortgages resulting in reduced cash flows, the remaining CMBS classes will bear such losses in order of their relative subordination.

 

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JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

4. BONDS PAYABLE

 

The Company’s bonds payable consist of the bonds that were recorded upon consolidation of the Re-REMIC trust. The bonds are secured by the underlying CMBS owned by the trust. Information regarding the bonds payable as of September 30, 2004 is summarized as follows:

 

(in thousands)                  

Maturity


   Certificate
Balance


   Carrying
Value


    Weighted Average
Coupon(2)


 

Within 5 years

   $ 98,433    $ 98,413     3.89 %

Between 5 and 10 years

     470,085      468,669     5.29 %

Greater than 10 years

     22,540      56,276 (1)   5.45 %
    

  


     

Total

   $ 591,058    $ 623,358        
    

  


     

(1) Includes the carrying value of the interest-only bonds which do not have a certificate balance.
(2) Weighting is based on the certificate balance. The interest-only bonds do not have a certificate balance and have not been included in the calculation.

 

5. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FINANCIAL STATEMENT NET INCOME AND TAXABLE INCOME

 

The differences between GAAP net income and taxable income are generally attributable to differing treatment, including timing related thereto, of unrealized/realized gains and losses associated with certain assets; the bases, income, impairment, and/or credit loss recognition related to certain assets, primarily our CMBS, accounting for derivative instruments and amortization of various costs. The distinction between GAAP net income and taxable income is important to our stockholders because dividends or distributions, if any, are declared and paid on the basis of taxable income or loss. The Company does not pay Federal income taxes as long as they satisfy the requirements for exemption from taxation pursuant to the REIT requirements of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company calculates its taxable income or loss as if it were a regular domestic corporation. This taxable income or loss level determines the amount of dividends, if any, the Company is required to distribute over time in order to eliminate its tax liability pursuant to REIT requirements.

 

The net difference between the tax and GAAP bases of the underlying CMBS assets is approximately $620.4 million at September 30, 2004 due to variable interest entities that are consolidated for GAAP purposes but not consolidated for tax purposes. For GAAP purposes, the Company recorded approximately $623.4 million in bonds payable at September 30, 2004 due to variable interest entities subject to consolidation.

 

6. COMMON STOCK

 

In June 2004, the Company sold 11.5 million shares of its common stock through transactions which were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to Rule 144A, Regulation S and Regulation D (the “144A Offering”). Gross proceeds were $172.1 million. Net proceeds, after deducting the underwriter’s discount and other offering expenses were $160.1 million. The Company issued 345,000 shares to its Manager and independent directors pursuant to its Nonqualified Option and Incentive Award Plan as further described in Footnote 8. As of September 30, 2004, the Company has a total of 11,845,010 common shares outstanding.

 

7. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

The Company entered into a management agreement (the “Management Agreement”) with JER in June 2004 for an initial term of two years. After the initial term, the Management Agreement will automatically be renewed each year for an additional one-year period unless the Company or JER terminates the agreement. Pursuant to the Management Agreement and subject to the supervision and direction of the Company’s Board of Directors, JER will perform services for the Company including the purchase, sale and management of real estate

 

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JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

and other real estate-related assets, the day-to-day management of the Company and the performance of certain administrative duties. For performing these services, the Company will pay JER a monthly base management fee in arrears equal to 1/12 of the sum of (i) 2.0% of the first $400 million of the Company’s equity and (ii) 1.5% of equity in an amount in excess of $400 million and up to $800 million and (iii) 1.25% of equity in excess of $800 million. For purposes of calculating the base management fee, the Company’s equity equals the month-end value, computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, of the Company’s stockholders’ equity, adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains, losses or other items that do not affect realized net income.

 

In addition, JER is entitled to receive a quarterly incentive fee in an amount, not less than zero, equal to the product of (i) 25% of the dollar amount by which (a) Funds From Operations of the Company for such quarter per share of Common Stock (based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding for such quarter) exceed (b) an amount equal to (A) the weighted average of the price per share of Common Stock in the Initial Private Placement, and the prices per share of Common Stock in any subsequent offerings by the Company multiplied by (B) the greater of (1) 2.25% and (2) .875% plus one fourth of the ten-year U.S. treasury rate for such quarter, multiplied by (ii) the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding such during quarter. “Funds From Operations” is net income (computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) excluding gains or losses from debt restructuring and sales of property, plus depreciation and amortization on real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.

 

During the period from inception through September 30, 2004, the Company incurred $1.1 million in base management fees in accordance with the terms of the Management Agreement. At September 30, 2004, $0.3 million related to management fees were unpaid and included in due to affiliate in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. No incentive fees were due to JER during the period from inception through September 30, 2004.

 

The Management Agreement provides that the Company is allowed to reimburse JER for certain expenses incurred by JER on the Company’s behalf. If services are provided by JER, the reimbursement for such services will be no greater than what management believes would be paid to outside professionals, consultants or other third parties on an arm’s length basis. In accordance with the provisions of the Management Agreement, the Company recorded reimbursements to JER of $0.2 million for certain expenses incurred on behalf of the Company for the period from inception through September 30, 2004, which are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. In addition, the Company reimbursed JER for costs in the amount of $0.1 million related to the 144A Offering. At September 30, 2004, $0.2 million of expenses to be reimbursed was unpaid and included in due to affiliate in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

 

8. STOCK OPTION AND INCENTIVE AWARD PLAN

 

The Company adopted the Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan, (the “Plan”), which provides for awards under the Plan in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, other equity-based incentive awards and cash. Officers, directors and employees of the Company and of JER are eligible to receive awards under the Plan. The Plan has a term of ten years and limits the awards to a maximum of 1,150,000 shares of common stock, unless the Plan is amended by the Board.

 

In accordance with the Plan, a total of 345,000 shares of common stock have been issued to the Manager and the non-officer directors. As consideration for the Manager’s role in raising capital for the Company, the Manager was granted an award of 335,000 shares of stock upon the closing of the 144A Offering. Additionally, each non-officer director was granted 2,000 shares of restricted stock upon the date of the first Board meeting attended by the non-officer Director. As discussed below under “Registration Rights Agreement”, one-half of the shares granted to the Manager are subject to a risk of forfeiture. One-half of the shares granted to the non-officer

 

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JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

directors are also subject to a risk of forfeiture for one year from the date of the grant if the non-officer director no longer serves as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company. Compensation expense in the amount of $5.1 million, equal to the fair value of the stock, was recorded related to the incentive award and restricted stock grants at September 30, 2004.

 

9. REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

 

At the time of the 144A Offering, the Company entered into a Registration Rights Agreement which requires, among other things, that we file with the SEC no later than nine months following the closing of the 144A Offering either a registration statement providing for the initial public offering of our common stock or a shelf registration statement providing for the resale of shares of our common stock. We are also required to use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause the registration statement to become effective as promptly as practicable after the filing and to become listed on the Nasdaq National Market or the New York Stock Exchange if we meet the criteria for listing.

 

To the extent that we do not meet the requirements of the Registration Rights Agreement, one-half of the shares granted to the Manager as discussed under the Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan above are subject to forfeiture unless the Company has endeavored in good faith to file and was unable to file due to circumstances that were outside of our control. Additionally, payment of the incentive fee to the Manager is suspended until we are in compliance with the registration obligations discussed above, at which time all suspended amounts are due and payable.

 

10. SUMMARIZED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)

 

The following table represents unaudited supplemental quarterly financial information for the period from inception (April 19, 2004) through September 30, 2004:

 

     Quarters ending

 

(in thousands, except per share amounts)


   June 30

    September 30

 

Interest Income

   $ 128     $ 7,828  

Expenses

     (5,549 )     (8,533 )
    


 


Net Income (Loss)

   $ (5,421 )   $ (705 )
    


 


Earnings (loss) per share

                

Basic

   $ (1.33 )   $ (0.06 )

Diluted

   $ (1.33 )   $ (0.06 )

 

11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

In November 2004, the Company acquired a $14.9 million mezzanine tranche of an $89.9 million floating rate loan used to finance the recapitalization of a portfolio of multifamily properties in Houston, Texas. The loan has an initial maturity of July 2006, bearing interest based on LIBOR plus 7% subject to a 2% floor and provided for a 1% origination fee. The Company also purchased $130 million face amount of interests in two CMBS issuances for $87.2 million in November 2004. The bonds pay interest at initial rates ranging from 4.5% to 5.6%. Of the total purchase price, 54% was invested in bonds rated BBB, 26% was invested in bonds rated BB and 20% was invested in bonds rated B and below.

 

In December 2004, the Company acquired a $15 million participation in a $53.5 million senior mezzanine loan in a portfolio comprised of multifamily properties with concentrations in Texas, Virginia, South Carolina

 

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JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

and Georgia. The loan has an initial term of 2 years and bears interest at LIBOR plus 8.00%. The Company also purchased $81.6 million face amount of interest in CMBS securities for $52.8 million in December 2004. The bonds pay interest at initial rates ranging from 4.7% to 5.3%. Of the total purchase price, 38% was invested in bonds rated BBB, 33% was invested in bonds rated BB, with the remainder invested in bonds rated B and below.

 

In December 2004, the Company entered into a CMBS repurchase agreement with Banc of America Securities LLC to finance certain of its CMBS securities. The agreement provides for up to $50 million in financing and matures on March 31, 2005. The Company is negotiating a longer term financing facility with the lender. The Company entered into a second CMBS repurchase agreement in December 2004 which would provide financing of up to $100.0 million based on one month LIBOR plus a margin, tiered according to the security’s credit rating. The agreement has a term of 364 days. In December 2004, the Company also entered into two forward-starting interest rate swaps to mitigate the risk of changes in the interest-related cash outflows on a forecasted issuance of long-term debt. These swaps are designated as cash flow hedges for GAAP. Under these swaps, beginning in May 2005, the Company agreed to pay the counterparties a weighted average fixed interest rate of 4.65% per annum in exchange for floating payments on the total notional amount of $100 million.

 

In January 2005, the Company acquired a $33.8 million participation in a $176.5 million mortgage loan with an initial maturity of October 2006. The note bears interest based on LIBOR plus spreads which vary depending upon certain terms and conditions. During February, the Company sold a 50% participation in the loan at par value to an unaffiliated third party.

 

To date, the Company has invested in $214.2 million in real estate securities and loans.

 

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Table of Contents

Until                     , 2005, (25 days after the commencement of this offering), all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This delivery is in addition to the dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or to which we have referred you. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different. This prospectus may only be used where it is legal to sell these securities. The information in this prospectus may only be accurate on the date of this prospectus.

 

LOGO

 


 

Shares of Common Stock

 


 

PROSPECTUS

 


 

 

F RIEDMAN B ILLINGS R AMSEY

 

                    , 2005


Table of Contents

PART II

 

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

 

Item 31. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

 

The following table sets forth the costs and expenses expected to be incurred in connection with the sale and distribution of the securities being registered, all of which are being borne by the registrant. All amounts except the SEC registration fee and the NASD fee are estimates.

 

Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee

   $ 27,071.00

NASD fee

     23,500

Printing and engraving expenses

     *

Transfer Agent Fees

     *

Legal fees and expenses

     *

Accounting fees and expenses

     *

Miscellaneous

     *
    

Total

     *
    


* To be filed by amendment.

 

Item 32. Sales to Special Parties

 

N/A

 

Item 33. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

 

On April 21, 2004, in connection with the incorporation of JER Investors Trust Inc. (the “Company”), the Company issued 10 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “Common Stock”) to Joseph E. Robert, Jr. for $100. Such issuance was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) pursuant to Section 4(2) thereof.

 

On June 4, 2004 the Company sold 10,000,000 shares of its Common Stock to (i) Qualified Institutional Buyers (as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act) in reliance on the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act provided by Rule 144A under the Securities Act, (ii) a limited number of “accredited investors” (as defined in Rule 501 under the Securities Act) in reliance on the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act provided by Rule 506 of Regulation D under the Securities Act and (iii) investors outside the United States pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. The offering price per share of Common Stock was $15.00. The initial purchaser of the Common Stock sold pursuant to 144A and Regulation S and the placement agent for the Common Stock sold pursuant to Rule 506 of Regulation D was Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. (“FBR”). The aggregate proceeds to the Company before expenses from such offering and the aggregate initial purchaser/placement agent’s discount were $140,263,000 and $9,737,000, respectively.

 

On June 16, 2004 the Company sold 1,500,000 shares of its Common Stock to a limited number of “accredited investors” (as defined in Rule 501 under the Securities Act) in reliance on the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act provided by Rule 506 of Regulation D under the Securities Act. The offering price per share of Common Stock was $15.00. The placement agent for the Common Stock was FBR. The aggregate proceeds to the Company before expenses from such offering and the aggregate placement agent’s discount were $20,925,000 and $1,575,000, respectively.

 

On June 4, 2004, the Company granted a total of 335,000 restricted shares of Common Stock to JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC, as manager of the Company, pursuant to the Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan of the Company (the “Incentive Plan”). On June 4, 2004, the Company granted 2,000

 

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restricted shares of Common Stock to each of Daniel J, Altobello, Peter D. Linneman and W. Russell Ramsey, the independent directors of the Company, pursuant to the Incentive Plan. On July 20, 2004, the Company granted 2,000 restricted shares of Common Stock to each of Frank Caufield and James Kimsey when they joined the board of directors of the Company as independent directors pursuant to the Incentive Plan. Such grants were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(2) thereof. For a more detailed description of the Incentive Plan, see “Management—Incentive Plan” in this Registration Statement.

 

Item 34. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

 

Maryland law permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from (a) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (b) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause of action. The Company’s charter contains such a provision which eliminates directors’ and officers’ liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.

 

The charter authorizes the Company, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to obligate itself to indemnify any present or former director or officer or any individual who, while a director or officer of the Company and at the request of the Company, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee, from and against any claim or liability to which that person may become subject or which that person may incur by reason of his or her status in any of the foregoing capacities and to pay or reimburse their reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding. The by-laws obligate the Company, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to indemnify any present or former director or officer or any individual who, while a director of the Company and at the request of the Company, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee and who is made a party to a proceeding by reason of his service in that capacity from and against any claim or liability to which that person may become subject or which that person may incur by reason of his or her status in that capacity and to pay or reimburse their reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of the proceeding. The charter and by-laws also permit the Company to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a predecessor of the Company in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of the Company or a predecessor of the Company.

 

Maryland law requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which the Company’s charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful in the defense of any proceeding to which he is made a party by reason of his service in that capacity. Maryland law permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that (a) the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (i) was committed in bad faith or (ii) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (b) the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. However, under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification and then only for expenses. In addition, Maryland law permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation’s receipt of (a) a written affirmation by the director or officer of his good faith belief that he has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation and (b) a written undertaking by him or on his behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct was not met.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the registrant has

 

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been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is therefore unenforceable.

 

The Company has also agreed to indemnify its directors and executive officers to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, and pay such persons’ expenses in defending any civil or criminal proceeding in advance of final disposition of such proceeding.

 

Item 35. Treatment of Proceeds From Stock Being Registered.

 

N/A

 

Item 36. Financial Statements and Exhibits.

 

(a) See page F-1 for an index of the financial statements that are being filed as part of this Registration Statement:

 

(b) The following is a list of exhibits filed as part of this Registration Statement:

 

Exhibit
Number


  

Description


1.1    Form of Underwriting Agreement.*
3.1    Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant.
3.2    By-laws of the Registrant.
4.1    Form of Certificate for Common Stock.
4.2    Registration Rights Agreement, dated May 27, 2004, between Registrant and Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc.
5.1    Opinion of DLA Piper Rudnick Gray Cary US LLP relating to the legality of the securities being registered.*
8.1    Opinion of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP regarding tax matters.*
10.1    Management Agreement, dated May 27, 2004, between Registrant and JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC.
10.2    Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan.
10.3    Form of Restricted Stock Agreement.
21.1    Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23.1    Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
23.2    Consent of DLA Piper Rudnick Gray Cary US LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.1).*
23.3    Consent of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP (contained in Exhibit 8.1).*
24.1    Powers of attorney.*

* To be filed by amendment.

 

Item 37. Undertakings.

 

(a) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for

 

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indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing, as specified in the underwriting agreement, certificates in such denomination and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

 

(c) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:

 

(i) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

 

(ii) for the purposes determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered herein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-11 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the County of Fairfax, Commonwealth of Virginia, on February 14, 2005.

 

JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

By:

 

/s/ K ARI L. D OESCHER

   

Name: Kari L. Doescher

   

Title:   Chief Financial Officer

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature


  

Title


 

Date


/ S /    J OSEPH E. R OBERT , J R .        


Joseph E. Robert, Jr.

  

Chairman of the Board

  February 14, 2005

/ S /    G ENE C. M C Q UOWN        


Gene C. McQuown

   President and Chief Investment Officer (Principal executive officer)   February 14, 2005

/ S /    K ARI L. D OESCHER        


Kari L. Doescher

   Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)   February 14, 2005

/ S /    K EITH B ELCHER        


Keith Belcher

   Vice Chairman of the Board and Executive Vice President   February 14, 2005

/ S /    D ANIEL J. A LTOBELLO        


Daniel J. Altobello

  

Director

  February 14, 2005

/ S /    P ETER D. L INNEMAN        


Peter D. Linneman

  

Director

  February 14, 2005

/ S /  W. R USSELL R AMSEY        


W. Russell Ramsey

  

Director

  February 14, 2005

/ S /    F RANK C AUFIELD        


Frank Caufield

  

Director

  February 14, 2005

/ S /    J AMES K IMSEY        


James Kimsey

  

Director

  February 14, 2005

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit
Number


  

Description


1.1    Form of Underwriting Agreement.*
3.1    Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant.
3.2    By-laws of the Registrant.
4.1    Form of Certificate for Common Stock.
4.2    Registration Rights Agreement, dated May 27, 2004, between Registrant and Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc.
5.1    Opinion of DLA Piper Rudnick Gray Cary US LLP relating to the legality of the securities being registered.*
8.1    Opinion of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP regarding tax matters.*
10.1    Management Agreement, dated May 27, 2004, between Registrant and JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC.
10.2    Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan.
10.3    Form of Restricted Stock Agreement.
21.1    Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23.1    Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
23.2    Consent of DLA Piper Rudnick Gray Cary US LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.1).*
23.3    Consent of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP (contained in Exhibit 8.1).*
24.1    Powers of attorney.*

* To be filed by amendment.

 

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Exhibit 3.1

 

JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

 

ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT

 

FIRST : JER Investors Trust Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Corporation”), desires to amend and restate its charter as currently in effect and as hereinafter amended.

 

SECOND : The following provisions are all of the provisions of the charter currently in effect and as hereinafter amended:

 

ARTICLE I

 

INCORPORATOR

 

The undersigned, Tracy A. Bacigalupo, whose address is c/o Piper Rudnick LLP, 6225 Smith Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21209, being at least 18 years of age, does hereby form a corporation under the general laws of the State of Maryland.

 

ARTICLE II

 

NAME

 

The name of the corporation (the “Corporation”) is:

 

JER Investors Trust Inc.

 

ARTICLE III

 

PURPOSE

 

The purposes for which the Corporation is formed are to engage in any lawful act or activity (including, without limitation or obligation, engaging in business as a real estate investment trust under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or any successor statute (the “Code”)) for which corporations may be organized under the general laws of the State of Maryland as now or hereafter in force. For purposes of these Articles, “REIT” means a real estate investment trust under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code.

 


 

ARTICLE IV

 

PRINCIPAL OFFICE IN STATE AND RESIDENT AGENT

 

The address of the principal office of the Corporation in the State of Maryland is c/o Tracy A. Bacigalupo, Piper Rudnick LLP, 6225 Smith Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21209. The name of the resident agent of the Corporation in the State of Maryland is The Corporation Trust Incorporated, whose post office address is 300 East Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.

 

ARTICLE V

 

PROVISIONS FOR DEFINING, LIMITING

AND REGULATING CERTAIN POWERS OF THE

CORPORATION AND OF THE STOCKHOLDERS AND DIRECTORS

 

Section 5.1 Number of Directors . The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of the Board of Directors. The number of directors of the Corporation initially shall be five, which number may be increased or decreased pursuant to the Bylaws, but shall never be less than the minimum number required by the Maryland General Corporation Law. The names of the directors who shall serve until the annual meeting of stockholders in 2005 and until their successors are duly elected and qualify are:

 

Joseph E. Robert, Jr.

 

Keith W. Belcher

 

Daniel J. Altobello

 

Peter D. Linneman

 

W. Russell Ramsey

 

These directors may increase the number of directors and may fill any vacancy, whether resulting from an increase in the number of directors or otherwise, on the Board of Directors occurring before the first annual meeting of stockholders in the manner provided in the Bylaws.

 

Section 5.2 Extraordinary Actions . Except as specifically provided in Section 5.8 (relating to removal of directors) and in Article X (relating to certain charter amendments),

 

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notwithstanding any provision of law permitting or requiring any action to be taken or approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of shares entitled to cast a greater number of votes, any such action shall be effective and valid if taken or approved by the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

 

Section 5.3 Authorization by Board of Stock Issuance . The Board of Directors may authorize the issuance from time to time of shares of stock of the Corporation of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, or securities or rights convertible into shares of its stock of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, for such consideration as the Board of Directors may deem advisable (or without consideration in the case of a stock split or stock dividend), subject to such restrictions or limitations, if any, as may be set forth in the charter or the Bylaws.

 

Section 5.4 Preemptive Rights . Except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the terms of classified or reclassified shares of stock pursuant to Section 6.4 or as may otherwise be provided by contract, no holder of shares of stock of the Corporation shall, as such holder, have any preemptive right to purchase or subscribe for any additional shares of stock of the Corporation or any other security of the Corporation which it may issue or sell.

 

Section 5.5 Indemnification . The Corporation shall have the power, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to obligate itself to indemnify, and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to, (a) any individual who is a present or former director or officer of the Corporation or (b) any individual who, while a director or officer of the Corporation and at the request of the Corporation, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner or trustee of another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise from and against any claim or liability to which such person may become subject or which such person may incur by reason of his service in any of the foregoing capacities. The Corporation shall have the power, with the approval of the Board of

 

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Directors, to provide such indemnification and advancement of expenses to a person who served a predecessor of the Corporation in any of the capacities described in (a) or (b) above and to any employee or agent of the Corporation or a predecessor of the Corporation.

 

Section 5.6 Determinations by Board . The determination as to any of the following matters, made in good faith by or pursuant to the direction of the Board of Directors consistent with the charter and in the absence of actual receipt by a director of an improper benefit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a court, shall be final and conclusive and shall be binding upon the Corporation and every holder of shares of its stock: the amount of the net income of the Corporation for any period and the amount of assets at any time legally available for the payment of dividends, redemption of its stock or the payment of other distributions on its stock; the amount of paid-in surplus, net assets, other surplus, annual or other net profit, net assets in excess of capital, undivided profits or excess of profits over losses on sales of assets; the amount, purpose, time of creation, increase or decrease, alteration or cancellation of any reserves or charges and the propriety thereof (whether or not any obligation or liability for which such reserves or charges shall have been created shall have been paid or discharged); the fair value, or any sale, bid or asked price to be applied in determining the fair value, of any asset owned or held by the Corporation; any matter relating to the acquisition, holding and disposition of any assets by the Corporation; or any other matter relating to the business and affairs of the Corporation.

 

Section 5.7 REIT Qualification . If the Corporation elects to qualify for federal income tax treatment as a REIT, the Board of Directors shall use its reasonable best efforts to take such actions as are necessary or appropriate to preserve the status of the Corporation as a REIT; however, if the Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in the best interests of the Corporation to continue to be qualified as a REIT, the Board of Directors may revoke or otherwise terminate the Corporation’s REIT election pursuant to Section 856(g) of the Code. The Board of Directors also may determine that compliance with any restriction or limitation on

 

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stock ownership and transfers set forth in Article VII is no longer required for REIT qualification.

 

Section 5.8 Removal of Directors . Subject to the rights of holders of one or more classes or series of Preferred Stock to elect or remove one or more directors, any director, or the entire Board of Directors, may be removed from office at any time, but only for cause and then only by the affirmative vote of at least two thirds of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. For the purpose of this paragraph, “cause” shall mean, with respect to any particular director, conviction of a felony or a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction holding that such director caused demonstrable, material harm to the Corporation through bad faith or active and deliberate dishonesty.

 

Section 5.9 Advisor Agreements . Subject to such approval of stockholders and other conditions, if any, as may be required by any applicable statute, rule or regulation, the Board of Directors may authorize the execution and performance by the Corporation of one or more agreements with any person, corporation, association, company, trust, partnership (limited or general) or other organization whereby, subject to the supervision and control of the Board of Directors, any such other person, corporation, association, company, trust, partnership (limited or general) or other organization shall render or make available to the Corporation managerial, investment, advisory and/or related services, office space and other services and facilities (including, if deemed advisable by the Board of Directors, the management or supervision of the investments of the Corporation) upon such terms and conditions as may be provided in such agreement or agreements (including, if deemed fair and equitable by the Board of Directors, the compensation payable thereunder by the Corporation).

 

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ARTICLE VI

 

STOCK

 

Section 6.1 Authorized Shares . The Corporation has authority to issue shares of stock, consisting of 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Common Stock”), and 50,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Preferred Stock”). The aggregate par value of all authorized shares of stock having par value is $1,500,000. If shares of one class of stock are classified or reclassified into shares of another class of stock pursuant to this Article VI, the number of authorized shares of the former class shall be automatically decreased and the number of shares of the latter class shall be automatically increased, in each case by the number of shares so classified or reclassified, so that the aggregate number of shares of stock of all classes that the Corporation has authority to issue shall not be more than the total number of shares of stock set forth in the first sentence of this paragraph. To the extent permitted by Maryland law, the Board of Directors, without any action by the stockholders of the Corporation, may amend the charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that the Corporation has authority to issue.

 

Section 6.2 Common Stock . Subject to the provisions of Article VII, each share of Common Stock shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote. The Board of Directors may reclassify any unissued shares of Common Stock from time to time in one or more classes or series of stock.

 

Section 6.3 Preferred Stock . The Board of Directors may classify any unissued shares of Preferred Stock and reclassify any previously classified but unissued shares of Preferred Stock of any series from time to time, in one or more classes or series of stock.

 

Section 6.4 Classified or Reclassified Shares . Prior to issuance of classified or reclassified shares of any class or series, the Board of Directors by resolution shall: (a) designate that class or series to distinguish it from all other classes and series of stock of the Corporation; (b) specify the number of shares to be included in the class or series; (c) set or

 

6


change, subject to the provisions of Article VII and subject to the express terms of any class or series of stock of the Corporation outstanding at the time, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each class or series; and (d) cause the Corporation to file articles supplementary with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (the “SDAT”) with respect to the foregoing clauses (a) through (c). Any of the terms of any class or series of stock set or changed pursuant to clause (c) of this Section 6.4 may be made dependent upon facts or events ascertainable outside the charter (including determinations by the Board of Directors or other facts or events within the control of the Corporation) and may vary among holders thereof, provided that the manner in which such facts, events or variations shall operate upon the terms of such class or series of stock is clearly and expressly set forth in the articles supplementary filed with the SDAT.

 

Section 6.5 Charter and Bylaws . All persons who shall acquire stock in the Corporation shall acquire the same subject to the provisions of the charter and the Bylaws.

 

ARTICLE VII

 

RESTRICTION ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES

 

Section 7.1 Definitions . For the purpose of this Article VII, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

 

Aggregate Stock Ownership Limit . The term “Aggregate Stock Ownership Limit” shall mean not more than 9.8 percent in value of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of Capital Stock. The value of the outstanding shares of Capital Stock shall be determined by the Board of Directors of the Corporation in good faith, which determination shall be conclusive for all purposes hereof.

 

Beneficial Ownership . The term “Beneficial Ownership” shall mean ownership of Capital Stock by a Person, whether the interest in the shares of Capital Stock is held directly or indirectly (including by a nominee), and shall include interests that would be treated as owned through the application of Section 544 of the Code, as modified by Section 856(h)(1)(B) of the

 

7


Code. The terms “Beneficial Owner,” “Beneficially Owns” and “Beneficially Owned” shall have the correlative meanings.

 

Business Day . The term “Business Day” shall mean any day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.

 

Capital Stock . The term “Capital Stock” shall mean all classes or series of stock of the Corporation, including, without limitation, Common Stock and Preferred Stock.

 

Charitable Beneficiary . The term “Charitable Beneficiary” shall mean one or more beneficiaries of the Trust as determined pursuant to Section 7.3.6, provided that each such organization must be described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Code and contributions to each such organization must be eligible for deduction under each of Sections 170(b)(1)(A), 2055 and 2522 of the Code.

 

Charter . The term “Charter” shall mean the charter of the Corporation, as that term is defined in the MGCL.

 

Code . The term “Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.

 

Constructive Ownership . The term “Constructive Ownership” shall mean ownership of Capital Stock by a Person, whether the interest in the shares of Capital Stock is held directly or indirectly (including by a nominee), and shall include interests that would be treated as owned through the application of Section 318(a) of the Code, as modified by Section 856(d)(5) of the Code. The terms “Constructive Owner,” “Constructively Owns” and “Constructively Owned” shall have the correlative meanings.

 

Excepted Holder . The term “Excepted Holder” shall mean a stockholder of the Corporation for whom an Excepted Holder Limit is created by these Articles or by the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 7.2.7.

 

Excepted Holder Limit . The term “Excepted Holder Limit” shall mean, provided that the affected Excepted Holder agrees to comply with the requirements established by the

 

8


Board of Directors pursuant to Section 7.2.7, and subject to adjustment pursuant to Section 7.2.8, the limit established by the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 7.2.7, which limit may be expressed, in the discretion of the Board of Directors, as one or more percentages and/or numbers of shares of Capital Stock, and may apply with respect to one or more classes of Capital Stock or to all classes of Capital Stock in the aggregate.

 

Initial Date . The term “Initial Date” shall mean the date upon which shares of Capital Stock are initially issued pursuant to that certain Purchase/Placement Agreement, dated May 27, 2004, between the Corporation and Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc.

 

Market Price . The term “Market Price” on any date shall mean, with respect to any class or series of outstanding shares of Capital Stock, the Closing Price for such Capital Stock on such date. The “Closing Price” on any date shall mean the last sale price for such Capital Stock, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, for such Capital Stock, in either case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE or, if such Capital Stock is not listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE, as reported on the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed on the principal national securities exchange on which such Capital Stock is listed or admitted to trading or, if such Capital Stock is not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted price, or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Automated Quotation System or, if such system is no longer in use, the principal other automated quotation system that may then be in use or, if such Capital Stock is not quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in such Capital Stock selected by the Board of Directors of the Corporation or, in the event that no trading price is available for such Capital Stock, the fair market value of the Capital Stock, as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

 

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MGCL . The term “MGCL” shall mean the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended from time to time.

 

NYSE . The term “NYSE” shall mean the New York Stock Exchange.

 

Person . The term “Person” shall mean an individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, estate, trust (including a trust qualified under Sections 401(a) or 501(c)(17) of the Code), a portion of a trust permanently set aside for or to be used exclusively for the purposes described in Section 642(c) of the Code, association, private foundation within the meaning of Section 509(a) of the Code, joint stock company or other entity and also includes a group as that term is used for purposes of Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and a group to which an Excepted Holder Limit applies.

 

Prohibited Owner . The term “Prohibited Owner” shall mean, with respect to any purported Transfer, any Person who, but for the provisions of Section 7.2.1, would Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock and, if appropriate in the context, shall also mean any Person who would have been the record owner of the shares that the Prohibited Owner would have so owned.

 

REIT . The term “REIT” shall mean a real estate investment trust within the meaning of Section 856 of the Code.

 

Restriction Termination Date . The term “Restriction Termination Date” shall mean the first day after the Initial Date on which the Corporation determines pursuant to Section 5.7 of the Charter that it is no longer in the best interests of the Corporation to attempt to, or continue to, qualify as a REIT or that compliance with the restrictions and limitations on Beneficial Ownership, Constructive Ownership and Transfers of shares of Capital Stock set forth herein is no longer required in order for the Corporation to qualify as a REIT.

 

Transfer . The term “Transfer” shall mean any issuance, sale, transfer, gift, assignment, devise or other disposition, as well as any other event that causes any Person to acquire or change its level of Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership, or any agreement to take any such actions or cause any such events, of Capital Stock or the right to

 

10


vote or receive dividends on Capital Stock, including (a) the granting or exercise of any option (or any disposition of any option), (b) any disposition of any securities or rights convertible into or exchangeable for Capital Stock or any interest in Capital Stock or any exercise of any such conversion or exchange right and (c) Transfers of interests in other entities that result in changes in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Capital Stock; in each case, whether voluntary or involuntary, whether owned of record, Constructively Owned or Beneficially Owned and whether by operation of law or otherwise. The terms “Transferring” and “Transferred” shall have the correlative meanings.

 

Trust . The term “Trust” shall mean any and all trusts provided for in Section 7.3.1.

 

Trustee . The term “Trustee” shall mean the Person unaffiliated with the Corporation and a Prohibited Owner that is appointed by the Corporation to serve as trustee of the Trust.

 

Section 7.2 Capital Stock .

 

Section 7.2.1 Ownership Limitations .

 

(a) Basic Restrictions .

 

(i) During the period commencing on the Initial Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date (1) no Person, other than an Excepted Holder, shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock in excess of the Aggregate Stock Ownership Limit, and (2) no Excepted Holder shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock in excess of the Excepted Holder Limit for such Excepted Holder.

 

(ii) During the period commencing on the Initial Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, no Person shall Beneficially or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock to the extent that such Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Capital Stock would result in the Corporation being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h)

 

11


of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable year), or otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT (including, but not limited to, Beneficial or Constructive Ownership that would result in the Corporation owning (actually or Constructively) an interest in a tenant that is described in Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code if the income derived by the Corporation from such tenant would cause the Corporation to fail to satisfy any of the gross income requirements of Section 856(c) of the Code).

 

(iii) Notwithstanding any other provisions contained herein, but subject to Section 7.4, no Person shall, after January 29, 2005, Transfer any Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of shares of Capital Stock (whether or not such Transfer is the result of a transaction entered into through the facilities of the NYSE or any other national securities exchange or automated inter-dealer quotation system) if, as a result of the Transfer, the Capital Stock would be beneficially owned by less than 100 Persons (determined under the principles of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code).

 

(b) Transfer in Trust . If any Transfer of shares of Capital Stock (whether or not such Transfer is the result of a transaction entered into through the facilities of the NYSE or any other national securities exchange or automated inter-dealer quotation system) occurs which, if effective, would result in any Person Beneficially Owning or Constructively Owning shares of Capital Stock in violation of Section 7.2.1(a)(i), (ii) or (iii),

 

(i) Then that number of shares of Capital Stock the Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of which otherwise would cause such Person to violate Section 7.2.1(a)(i), (ii) or (iii) (rounded to the nearest whole share) shall be automatically transferred to a Trust for the benefit of a Charitable Beneficiary, as described in Section 7.3,

 

12


effective as of the close of business on the Business Day prior to the date of such Transfer, and such Person shall acquire no rights in such shares; or

 

(ii) If the transfer to the Trust described in clause (i) of this sentence would not be effective for any reason to prevent the violation of Section 7.2.1(a)(i), (ii) or (iii), then the Transfer of that number of shares of Capital Stock that otherwise would cause any Person to violate Section 7.2.1(a) shall be void ab initio , and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such shares of Capital Stock.

 

(iii) In determining which shares of Capital Stock are to be transferred to a Trust in accordance with this Section 7.2.1(b) and Section 7.3 hereof, shares shall be so transferred to a Trust in such manner as minimizes the aggregate value of the shares that are transferred to the Trust (except to the extent that the Board of Directors determines that the shares transferred to the Trust shall be those directly or indirectly held or Beneficially Owned or Constructively Owned by a Person or Persons that caused or contributed to the application of this Section 7.2.1(b)) and, to the extent not inconsistent therewith, on a pro rata basis.

 

(iv) To the extent that, upon a transfer of shares of Capital Stock pursuant to this Section 7.2.1(b), a violation of any provision of Section 7.2.1(a) would nonetheless be continuing, (as, for example, where the ownership of shares of Capital Stock by a single Trust would result in the Capital Stock being Beneficially Owned (determined under the principles of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code) by less than 100 persons), then shares of Capital Stock shall be transferred to that number of Trusts, each having a Trustee and a Charitable Beneficiary or Beneficiaries that are distinct from those of each other Trust, such that there is no violation of any provision of Section 7.2.1(a) hereof.

 

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Section 7.2.2 Remedies for Breach . If the Board of Directors of the Corporation or any duly authorized committee thereof shall at any time determine in good faith that a Transfer or other event has taken place that results in a violation of Section 7.2.1 or that a Person intends to acquire or has attempted to acquire Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of any shares of Capital Stock in violation of Section 7.2.1 (whether or not such violation is intended), the Board of Directors or a committee thereof shall take such action as it deems advisable to refuse to give effect to or to prevent such Transfer or other event, including, without limitation, causing the Corporation to redeem shares, refusing to give effect to such Transfer on the books of the Corporation or instituting proceedings to enjoin such Transfer or other event; provided, however, that any Transfer or attempted Transfer or other event in violation of Section 7.2.1 shall automatically result in the transfer to the Trust described above, and, where applicable, such Transfer (or other event) shall be void ab initio as provided above irrespective of any action (or non-action) by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof.

 

Section 7.2.3 Notice of Restricted Transfer . Any Person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of shares of Capital Stock that will or may violate Section 7.2.1(a) or any Person who would have owned shares of Capital Stock that resulted in a transfer to the Trust pursuant to the provisions of Section 7.2.1(b) shall immediately give written notice to the Corporation of such event, or in the case of such a proposed or attempted transaction, give at least 15 days prior written notice, and shall provide to the Corporation such other information as the Corporation may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such Transfer on the Corporation’s status as a REIT.

 

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Section 7.2.4 Owners Required To Provide Information . From the Initial Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date:

 

(a) every owner of a specified percentage or greater, as may be required by the Code or the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder which are then applicable, of the outstanding shares of Capital Stock, within 30 days after the end of each taxable year, shall give written notice to the Corporation stating the name and address of such owner, the number of shares of Capital Stock and other shares of the Capital Stock Beneficially Owned and a description of the manner in which such shares are held. Each such owner shall provide to the Corporation such additional information as the Corporation may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such Beneficial Ownership on the Corporation’s status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the Aggregate Stock Ownership Limit; and

 

(b) each Person who is a Beneficial or Constructive Owner of Capital Stock and each Person (including the stockholder of record) who is holding Capital Stock for a Beneficial or Constructive Owner shall provide to the Corporation such information as the Corporation may request, in good faith, in order to determine the Corporation’s status as a REIT and to comply with requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine such compliance.

 

Section 7.2.5 Remedies Not Limited . Subject to Section 5.7 of the Charter, nothing contained in this Section 7.2 shall limit the authority of the Board of Directors of the Corporation to take such other action as it deems necessary or advisable to protect the Corporation and the interests of its stockholders in preserving the Corporation’s status as a REIT.

 

Section 7.2.6 Ambiguity . In the case of an ambiguity in the application of any of the provisions of this Section 7.2, Section 7.3 or any definition contained in Section 7.1, the Board of Directors of the Corporation shall have the power to determine the application

 

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of the provisions of this Section 7.2 or Section 7.3 or any such definition with respect to any situation based on the facts known to it. In the event Section 7.2 or Section 7.3 requires an action by the Board of Directors and the Charter fails to provide specific guidance with respect to such action, the Board of Directors shall have the power to determine the action to be taken so long as such action is not contrary to the provisions of Sections 7.1, 7.2 or 7.3.

 

Section 7.2.7 Exceptions .

 

(a) Subject to Section 7.2.1(a)(ii), the Board of Directors of the Corporation, in its sole discretion, may exempt a Person from the Aggregate Stock Ownership Limit and may establish or increase an Excepted Holder Limit for such Person if:

 

(i) the Board of Directors obtains such representations and undertakings from such Person as are reasonably necessary to ascertain that no individual’s Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of such shares of Capital Stock will violate Section 7.2.1(a)(ii);

 

(ii) such Person does not and represents that it will not own, actually or Constructively, an interest in a tenant of the Corporation (or a tenant of any entity owned or controlled by the Corporation) that would cause the Corporation to own, actually or Constructively, more than a 9.9% interest (as set forth in Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code) in such tenant and the Board of Directors obtains such representations and undertakings from such Person as are reasonably necessary to ascertain this fact (for this purpose, a tenant from whom the Corporation (or an entity owned or controlled by the Corporation) derives (and is expected to continue to derive) a sufficiently small amount of revenue such that, in the opinion of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, rent from such tenant would not adversely affect the Corporation’s ability to qualify as a REIT, shall not be treated as a tenant of the Corporation); and

 

16


(iii) such Person agrees that any violation or attempted violation of such representations or undertakings (or other action which is contrary to the restrictions contained in Sections 7.2.1 through 7.2.6) will result in such shares of Capital Stock being automatically transferred to a Trust in accordance with Sections 7.2.1(b) and 7.3.

 

(b) Prior to granting any exception pursuant to Section 7.2.7(a), the Board of Directors of the Corporation may require a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, or an opinion of counsel, in either case in form and substance satisfactory to the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, as it may deem necessary or advisable in order to determine or ensure the Corporation’s status as a REIT. Notwithstanding the receipt of any ruling or opinion, the Board of Directors may impose such conditions or restrictions as it deems appropriate in connection with granting such exception.

 

(c) Subject to Section 7.2.1(a)(ii), an underwriter which participates in a public offering or a private placement of Capital Stock (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Capital Stock) may Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Capital Stock) in excess of the Aggregate Stock Ownership Limit but only to the extent necessary to facilitate such public offering or private placement.

 

(d) The Board of Directors may only reduce the Excepted Holder Limit for an Excepted Holder: (1) with the written consent of such Excepted Holder at any time, or (2) pursuant to the terms and conditions of the agreements and undertakings entered into with such Excepted Holder in connection with the establishment of the Excepted Holder Limit for that Excepted Holder.

 

Section 7.2.8 Increase in Aggregate Stock Ownership . The Board of Directors may from time to time increase the Aggregate Stock Ownership Limit.

 

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Section 7.2.9 Legend . Each certificate for shares of Capital Stock shall bear substantially the following legend:

 

The shares represented by this certificate are subject to restrictions on Beneficial and Constructive Ownership and Transfer for the purpose of the Corporation’s maintenance of its status as a Real Estate Investment Trust under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Subject to certain further restrictions and except as expressly provided in the Corporation’s Charter, (i) no Person may Beneficially or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock of the Corporation in excess of 9.8 percent of the value of the total outstanding shares of Capital Stock of the Corporation, unless such Person is an Excepted Holder (in which case the Excepted Holder Limit shall be applicable); (ii) no Person may Beneficially or Constructively Own Capital Stock that would result in the Corporation being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT; and (iii) no Person, after January 29, 2005, may Transfer any Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of shares of Capital Stock if such Transfer would result in the Capital Stock of the Corporation being owned by fewer than 100 Persons. Any Person who Beneficially or Constructively Owns or attempts to Beneficially or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock which causes or will cause a Person to Beneficially or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock in excess or in violation of the above limitations must immediately notify the Corporation. If any of the restrictions on transfer or ownership are violated, the shares of Capital Stock represented hereby will be automatically transferred to a Trustee of a Trust for the benefit of one or more Charitable Beneficiaries. In addition, upon the occurrence of certain events, attempted Transfers in violation of the restrictions described above may be void ab initio . All capitalized terms in this legend have the meanings defined in the Corporation’s Charter, as the same may be amended from time to time, a copy of which, including the restrictions on transfer and ownership, will be furnished to each holder of Capital Stock of the Corporation on request and without charge.

 

Instead of the foregoing legend, the certificate may state that the Corporation will furnish a full statement about certain restrictions on transferability to a stockholder on request and without charge.

 

Section 7.3 Transfer of Capital Stock in Trust .

 

Section 7.3.1 Ownership in Trust . Upon any purported Transfer or other event described in Section 7.2.1(b) that would result in a transfer of shares of Capital Stock to a Trust, such shares of Capital Stock shall be deemed to have been transferred to the Trustee as

 

18


trustee of a Trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more Charitable Beneficiaries. Such transfer to the Trustee shall be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the Business Day prior to the purported Transfer or other event that results in the transfer to the Trust pursuant to Section 7.2.1(b). The Trustee shall be appointed by the Corporation and shall be a Person unaffiliated with the Corporation and any Prohibited Owner. Each Charitable Beneficiary shall be designated by the Corporation as provided in Section 7.3.6.

 

Section 7.3.2 Status of Shares Held by the Trustee . Shares of Capital Stock held by the Trustee shall be issued and outstanding shares of Capital Stock of the Corporation. The Prohibited Owner shall have no rights in the shares held by the Trustee. The Prohibited Owner shall not benefit economically from ownership of any shares held in trust by the Trustee, shall have no rights to dividends or other distributions and shall not possess any rights to vote or other rights attributable to the shares held in the Trust.

 

Section 7.3.3 Dividend and Voting Rights . The Trustee shall have all voting rights and rights to dividends or other distributions with respect to shares of Capital Stock held in the Trust, which rights shall be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary. Any dividend or other distribution paid prior to the discovery by the Corporation that the shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Trustee shall be paid by the recipient of such dividend or distribution to the Trustee upon demand and any dividend or other distribution authorized but unpaid shall be paid when due to the Trustee. Any dividend or distribution so paid to the Trustee shall be held in trust for the Charitable Beneficiary. The Prohibited Owner shall have no voting rights with respect to shares held in the Trust and, subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that the shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Trustee, the Trustee shall have the authority (at the Trustee’s sole discretion) (i) to rescind

 

19


as void any vote cast by a Prohibited Owner prior to the discovery by the Corporation that the shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Trustee and (ii) to recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the Trustee acting for the benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary; provided, however, that if the Corporation has already taken irreversible corporate action, then the Trustee shall not have the authority to rescind and recast such vote. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article VII, until the Corporation has received notification that shares of Capital Stock have been transferred into a Trust, the Corporation shall be entitled to rely on its share transfer and other stockholder records for purposes of preparing lists of stockholders entitled to vote at meetings, determining the validity and authority of proxies and otherwise conducting votes of stockholders.

 

Section 7.3.4 Sale of Shares by Trustee . Within 20 days of receiving notice from the Corporation that shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Trust, the Trustee of the Trust shall sell the shares held in the Trust to a person or persons, designated by the Trustee, whose ownership of the shares will not violate the ownership limitations set forth in Section 7.2.1(a). Upon such sale, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the shares sold shall terminate and the Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner and to the Charitable Beneficiary as provided in this Section 7.3.4. The Prohibited Owner shall receive the lesser of (1) the price paid by the Prohibited Owner for the shares or, if the Prohibited Owner did not give value for the shares in connection with the event causing the shares to be held in the Trust (e.g., in the case of a gift, devise or other such transaction), the Market Price of the shares on the day of the event causing the shares to be held in the Trust and (2) the price per share received by the Trustee from the sale or other disposition of the shares held in the Trust. Any net sales proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the Prohibited

 

20


Owner shall be immediately paid to the Charitable Beneficiary. If, prior to the discovery by the Corporation that shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Trustee, such shares are sold by a Prohibited Owner, then (i) such shares shall be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the Trust and (ii) to the extent that the Prohibited Owner received an amount for such shares that exceeds the amount that such Prohibited Owner was entitled to receive pursuant to this Section 7.3.4, such excess shall be paid to the Trustee upon demand.

 

Section 7.3.5 Purchase Right in Stock Transferred to the Trustee . Shares of Capital Stock transferred to the Trustee shall be deemed to have been offered for sale to the Corporation, or its designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the price per share in the transaction that resulted in such transfer to the Trust (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the Market Price at the time of such devise or gift) and (ii) the Market Price on the date the Corporation, or its designee, accepts such offer. The Corporation shall have the right to accept such offer until the Trustee has sold the shares held in the Trust pursuant to Section 7.3.4. Upon such a sale to the Corporation, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the shares sold shall terminate and the Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner.

 

Section 7.3.6 Designation of Charitable Beneficiaries . By written notice to the Trustee, the Corporation shall designate one or more nonprofit organizations to be the Charitable Beneficiary of the interest in the Trust such that (i) the shares of Capital Stock held in the Trust would not violate the restrictions set forth in Section 7.2.1(a) in the hands of such Charitable Beneficiary and (ii) each such organization must be described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Code and contributions to each such organization must be eligible for deduction under each of Sections 170(b)(1)(A), 2055 and 2522 of the Code.

 

21


Section 7.4 NYSE Transactions . Nothing in this Article VII shall preclude the settlement of any transaction entered into through the facilities of the NYSE or any other national securities exchange or automated inter-dealer quotation system. The fact that the settlement of any transaction occurs shall not negate the effect of any other provision of this Article VII and any transferee in such a transaction shall be subject to all of the provisions and limitations set forth in this Article VII.

 

Section 7.5 Enforcement . The Corporation is authorized specifically to seek equitable relief, including injunctive relief, to enforce the provisions of this Article VII.

 

Section 7.6 Non-Waiver . No delay or failure on the part of the Corporation or the Board of Directors in exercising any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver of any right of the Corporation or the Board of Directors, as the case may be, except to the extent specifically waived in writing.

 

ARTICLE VIII

 

ERISA RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES

 

Section 8.1 Definitions . For the purpose of this Article VIII, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

 

Benefit Plan Investor . The term “Benefit Plan Investor” shall mean (i) an employee benefit plan (as defined by Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), whether or not it is subject to Title I of ERISA; (ii) a plan as described in Section 4975 of the Code, whether or not subject to Section 4975 of the Code; (iii) an entity whose underlying assets include the assets of any plan described in clause (i) or (ii) by reason of the plan’s investment in such entity (including but not limited to an insurance

 

22


company general account); or (iv) an entity that otherwise constitutes a “benefit plan investor” within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulation.

 

Capital Stock . The term “Capital Stock” shall mean all classes or series of stock of the Corporation, including, without limitation, Common Stock and Preferred Stock.

 

Charter . The term “Charter” shall mean the charter of the Corporation, as that term is defined in the MGCL.

 

Code . The term “Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.

 

Fair Market Value . The term “Fair Market Value” shall mean the fair market value as determined in good faith at the sole discretion of the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

 

Initial Date . The term “Initial Date” shall mean the date upon which the Articles of Amendment and Restatement containing this Article VIII are filed with the SDAT.

 

MGCL . The term “MGCL” shall mean the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended from time to time.

 

Plan Asset Regulation . The term “Plan Asset Regulation” shall mean the plan asset regulation promulgated by the Department of Labor under ERISA at 29 C.F.R. 2510.3-101.

 

Shares-in-Trust . The term “Shares-in-Trust” shall mean shares of Capital Stock automatically transferred to a Trustee of a Trust for the benefit of one or more Charitable Beneficiaries as set forth in Article VII of the Charter.

 

23


25% Threshold . The term “25% Threshold” shall mean ownership by Benefit Plan Investors, in the aggregate, of 25 percent or more of the value of any class of equity interest in the Corporation (calculated by excluding the value of any interest held by any person, other than a Benefit Plan Investor, who has discretionary authority or control with respect to the assets of the Corporation or any person who provides investment advice to the Corporation for a fee (direct or indirect) with respect to such assets, or any affiliate of such person) if, as a result thereof, the assets of the Corporation would be deemed subject to ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code.

 

Section 8.2. Ownership Limitations . Commencing on the Initial Date and terminating as provided in Section 8.5, no Benefit Plan Investor may acquire shares of Capital Stock, except pursuant to the following conditions, without the Corporation’s prior written consent (which consent may be withheld in the Corporation’s sole and absolute discretion): (a) prior to such shares of Capital Stock qualifying as “publicly-offered securities” or the availability of another exception to the “look-through” rule (i.e., the provisions of paragraph (a)(2) of the Plan Asset Regulation), transfers of such shares of Capital Stock to Benefit Plan Investors that would increase aggregate Benefit Plan Investor ownership of such shares of Capital Stock to a level that would meet or exceed the 25% Threshold will be void ab initio , and (b) in the event that the aggregate number of shares of Capital Stock owned by Benefit Plan Investors, but for the operation of this sentence, would meet or exceed the 25% Threshold, (i) shares of Capital Stock held by Benefit Plan Investors shall be deemed to be Shares-in-Trust, pro rata, to the extent necessary to reduce aggregate Benefit Plan Investor ownership of shares of Capital Stock below the 25% Threshold, (ii) such number of shares of Capital Stock (rounded up, in the case of each holder, to the nearest whole share) shall be transferred automatically and by operation of

 

24


law to a Trust (as described in Article VII of the Charter) to be held in accordance with this Article VIII and otherwise in accordance with applicable provisions of Article VII of the Charter, provided that any references therein to ownership limitations shall be deemed references to the ownership limitations set forth in this Section 8.2, and (iii) the Benefit Plan Investors previously owning such Shares-in-Trust shall submit such number of shares of Capital Stock for registration in the name of the Trust. Such transfer to a Trust and the designation of shares of Capital Stock as Shares-in-Trust shall be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of the event that otherwise would have caused aggregate Benefit Plan Investor ownership of shares of Capital Stock to meet or exceed the 25% Threshold or otherwise violate the terms of the Charter. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Board of Directors of the Corporation, in its sole discretion, may exempt a Benefit Plan Investor from the ownership limitations and other requirements set forth in this Section 8 and/or may decrease or increase the 25% Threshold for such Benefit Plan Investor.

 

Section 8.3 Transfers to Non-Benefit Plan Investors . During the period prior to the discovery of the existence of the Trust, any transfer of shares of Capital Stock by a Benefit Plan Investor to a non-Benefit Plan Investor shall reduce the number of Shares-in-Trust on a one-for-one basis and, to that extent such shares shall cease to be designated as Shares-in-Trust, such shares shall be returned, effective at exactly the time of the transfer to the non-Benefit Plan Investor, automatically and without further action by the Corporation or the Benefit Plan Investor, to all Benefit Plan Investors (or the transferee, if applicable), pro rata, in accordance with the Benefit Plan Investors’ prior holdings. After the discovery of the existence of the Trust, but prior to the redemption of all discovered Shares-in-Trust and/or the submission of all discovered Shares-in-Trust for registration in the name of the Trust, any transfer of shares

 

25


of Capital Stock by a Benefit Plan Investor to a non-Benefit Plan Investor shall reduce the number of Shares-in-Trust on a one-for-one basis and, to that extent such shares shall cease to be designated as Shares-in-Trust, such shares shall be returned, automatically and without further action by the Corporation or the Benefit Plan Investor, to the transferring Benefit Plan Investor (or its transferee, if applicable).

 

Section 8.4 Corporation’s Right to Redeem Shares-in-Trust . In the event that any shares of Capital Stock are deemed “Shares-in-Trust” pursuant to this Article VIII, the holder shall cease to own any right or interest with respect to such shares and the Corporation will have the right to redeem such Shares-in-Trust for an amount equal to their Fair Market Value, which proceeds shall be payable to the purported owner.

 

Section 8.5 Termination . This Article VIII shall cease to apply and all Shares-in-Trust shall cease to be designated as Shares-in-Trust and shall be returned, automatically and by operation of law, to their purported owners, all of which shall occur at such time as such shares of Capital Stock qualify as “publicly-offered securities” or if another exception to the “look-through” rule under the Plan Asset Regulation applies.

 

ARTICLE IX

 

BUSINESS COMBINATION EXEMPTION

 

Notwithstanding any other provision of the charter or the Bylaws of the Corporation, pursuant to Section 3-603 of the Maryland General Corporation Law (or any successor statute), any business combination with any person is exempt from Section 3-602 of the Maryland General Corporation Law (or any successor statute).

 

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ARTICLE X

 

AMENDMENTS

 

The Corporation reserves the right from time to time to make any amendment to its charter, now or hereafter authorized by law, including any amendment altering the terms or contract rights, as expressly set forth in the charter, of any shares of outstanding stock. All rights and powers conferred by the charter on stockholders, directors and officers are granted subject to this reservation. Any amendment to Section 5.8 (relating to removal of directors) or to this sentence of the charter shall be valid only if approved by the affirmative vote of two thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

 

ARTICLE XI

 

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

 

To the maximum extent that Maryland law in effect from time to time permits limitation of the liability of directors and officers of a corporation, no director or officer of the Corporation shall be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for money damages. Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Article XI, nor the adoption or amendment of any other provision of the charter or Bylaws inconsistent with this Article XI, shall apply to or affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding sentence with respect to any act or failure to act which occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.

 

THIRD : The amendment to and restatement of the charter as hereinabove set forth have been duly advised by the Board of Directors and approved by the stockholders of the Corporation as required by law.

 

FOURTH : The current address of the principal office of the Corporation is as set forth in Article IV of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter.

 

FIFTH : The name and address of the Corporation’s current resident agent are as set forth in Article IV of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter.

 

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SIXTH : The number of directors of the Corporation and the names of those currently in office are as set forth in Article V of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter.

 

SEVENTH : The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation had authority to issue immediately prior to this amendment and restatement was 100 shares of stock, $0.01 par value per share. The aggregate par value of all shares of stock having par value was $1.00.

 

EIGHTH : The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation has authority to issue pursuant to the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter is 150,000,000 shares, consisting of 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, and 50,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share. The aggregate par value of all authorized shares of stock having par value is $1,500,000.

 

NINTH : The undersigned President acknowledges these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be the corporate act of the Corporation and as to all matters or facts required to be verified under oath, the undersigned President acknowledges that to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, these matters and facts are true in all material respects and that this statement is made under the penalties for perjury.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its President and attested to by its Secretary on this          day of                  , 2004.

 

ATTEST:

     

JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

       

By:

 

                                          (SEAL)

Daniel T. Ward, Secretary

         

Gene C. McQuown, President

 

29

 

Exhibit 3.2

 

JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

 

BYLAWS

 

ARTICLE I

 

OFFICES

 

Section 1. PRINCIPAL OFFICE . The principal office of the Corporation in the State of Maryland shall be located at such place as the Board of Directors may designate.

 

Section 2. ADDITIONAL OFFICES . The Corporation may have additional offices, including a principal executive office, at such places as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.

 

ARTICLE II

 

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

 

Section 1. PLACE . All meetings of stockholders shall be held at the principal executive office of the Corporation or at such other place as shall be set by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting.

 

Section 2. ANNUAL MEETING . An annual meeting of the stockholders for the election of directors and the transaction of any business within the powers of the Corporation shall be held on a date and at the time set by the Board of Directors during the month of June in each year.

 

Section 3. SPECIAL MEETINGS .

 

(a) General . The chairman of the board, president, chief executive officer or Board of Directors may call a special meeting of the stockholders. Subject to subsection (b) of this Section 3, a special meeting of stockholders shall also be called by the secretary of the Corporation upon the written request of the stockholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting.

 

(b) Stockholder Requested Special Meetings . (1) Any stockholder of record seeking to have stockholders request a special meeting shall, by sending written notice to the secretary of the Corporation (the “Record Date Request Notice”) by registered mail, return receipt requested, request the Board of Directors to fix a record date to determine the stockholders entitled to request a special meeting (the “Request Record Date”). The Record Date Request Notice shall set forth the purpose of the meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at it, shall be signed by one or more stockholders of record as of the date of signature (or their

 


duly authorized agents), shall bear the date of signature of each such stockholder (or other agent) and shall set forth all information relating to each such stockholder that must be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Rule 14a-11 thereunder. Upon receiving the Record Date Request Notice, the Board of Directors may fix a Request Record Date. The Request Record Date shall not precede and shall not be more than ten days after the close of business on the date on which the resolution fixing the Request Record Date is adopted by the Board of Directors. If the Board of Directors, within ten days after the date on which a valid Record Date Request Notice is received, fails to adopt a resolution fixing the Request Record Date and to make a public announcement of such Request Record Date, the Request Record Date shall be the close of business on the tenth day after the first date on which the Record Date Request Notice is received by the secretary.

 

(2) In order for any stockholder to request a special meeting, one or more written requests for a special meeting signed by stockholders of record (or their duly authorized agents) as of the Request Record Date entitled to cast not less than a majority (the “Special Meeting Percentage”) of all of the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting (the “Special Meeting Request”) shall be delivered to the secretary. In addition, the Special Meeting Request shall set forth the purpose of the meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at it (which shall be limited to the matters set forth in the Record Date Request Notice received by the secretary), shall bear the date of signature of each such stockholder (or other agent) signing the Special Meeting Request, shall set forth the name and address, as they appear in the Corporation’s books, of each stockholder signing such request (or on whose behalf the Special Meeting Request is signed) and the class and number of shares of stock of the Corporation which are owned of record and beneficially by each such stockholder, shall be sent to the secretary by registered mail, return receipt requested, and shall be received by the secretary within 60 days after the Request Record Date. Any requesting stockholder may revoke his, her or its request for a special meeting at any time by written revocation delivered to the secretary.

 

(3) The secretary shall inform the requesting stockholders of the reasonably estimated cost of preparing and mailing the notice of meeting (including the Corporation’s proxy materials). The secretary shall not be required to call a special meeting upon stockholder request and such meeting shall not be held unless, in addition to the documents required by paragraph (2) of this Section 3(b), the secretary receives payment of such reasonably estimated cost prior to the mailing of any notice of the meeting.

 

(4) Except as provided in the next sentence, any special meeting shall be held at such place, date and time as may be designated by the president, chief executive officer or Board of Directors, whoever has called the meeting. In the case of any special meeting called by the secretary upon the request of stockholders (a “Stockholder Requested Meeting”), such meeting shall be held at such place, date and time as may be designated by the Board of Directors; provided , however, that the date of any Stockholder Requested Meeting shall be not more than 90 days after the record date for such meeting (the “Meeting Record Date”); and provided further

 

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that if the Board of Directors fails to designate, within ten days after the date that a valid Special Meeting Request is actually received by the secretary (the “Delivery Date”), a date and time for a Stockholder Requested Meeting, then such meeting shall be held at 2:00 p.m. local time on the 90th day after the Meeting Record Date or, if such 90th day is not a Business Day (as defined below), on the first preceding Business Day; and provided further that in the event that the Board of Directors fails to designate a place for a Stockholder Requested Meeting within ten days after the Delivery Date, then such meeting shall be held at the principal executive offices of the Corporation. In fixing a date for any special meeting, the president, chief executive officer or Board of Directors may consider such factors as he, she or it deems relevant within the good faith exercise of business judgment, including, without limitation, the nature of the matters to be considered, the facts and circumstances surrounding any request for meeting and any plan of the Board of Directors to call an annual meeting or a special meeting. In the case of any Stockholder Requested Meeting, if the Board of Directors fails to fix a Meeting Record Date that is a date within 30 days after the Delivery Date, then the close of business on the 30th day after the Delivery Date shall be the Meeting Record Date.

 

(5) If at any time as a result of written revocations of requests for the special meeting, stockholders of record (or their duly authorized agents) as of the Request Record Date entitled to cast less than the Special Meeting Percentage shall have delivered and not revoked requests for a special meeting, the secretary may refrain from mailing the notice of the meeting or, if the notice of the meeting has been mailed, the secretary may revoke the notice of the meeting at any time before ten days before the meeting if the secretary has first sent to all other requesting stockholders written notice of such revocation and of intention to revoke the notice of the meeting. Any request for a special meeting received after a revocation by the secretary of a notice of a meeting shall be considered a request for a new special meeting.

 

(6) The chairman of the Board of Directors, the president or the Board of Directors may appoint regionally or nationally recognized independent inspectors of elections to act as the agent of the Corporation for the purpose of promptly performing a ministerial review of the validity of any purported Special Meeting Request received by the secretary. For the purpose of permitting the inspectors to perform such review, no such purported request shall be deemed to have been delivered to the secretary until the earlier of (i) ten Business Days after receipt by the secretary of such purported request and (ii) such date as the independent inspectors certify to the Corporation that the valid requests received by the secretary represent at least a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of stock that would be entitled to vote at such meeting. Nothing contained in this paragraph (6) shall in any way be construed to suggest or imply that the Corporation or any stockholder shall not be entitled to contest the validity of any request, whether during or after such ten Business Day period, or to take any other action (including, without limitation, the commencement, prosecution or defense of any litigation with respect thereto, and the seeking of injunctive relief in such litigation).

 

(7) For purposes of these Bylaws, “Business Day” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the State of Maryland are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

 

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Section 4. NOTICE . Not less than ten nor more than 90 days before each meeting of stockholders, the secretary shall give to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting and to each stockholder not entitled to vote who is entitled to notice of the meeting notice in writing or by electronic transmission stating the time and place of the meeting, if any, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and may vote at the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting or as otherwise may be required by any statute, the purpose for which the meeting is called, either by mail, by presenting it to such stockholder personally, by leaving it at the stockholder’s residence or usual place of business, by transmitting it to the stockholder by an electronic transmission to any address or number of the stockholder at which the stockholder receives electronic transmissions or by any other means permitted by Maryland law. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail addressed to the stockholder at the stockholder’s address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid.

 

Any business of the Corporation may be transacted at an annual meeting of stockholders without being specifically designated in the notice, except such business as is required by any statute to be stated in such notice. No business shall be transacted at a special meeting of stockholders except as specifically designated in the notice.

 

Section 5. ORGANIZATION AND CONDUCT . Every meeting of stockholders shall be conducted by an individual appointed by the Board of Directors to be chairman of the meeting or, in the absence of such appointment, by the chairman of the board or, in the case of a vacancy in the office or absence of the chairman of the board, by one of the following officers present at the meeting: the vice chairman of the board, if there be one, the president, the vice presidents in their order of rank and seniority or, in the absence of such officers, a chairman chosen by the stockholders by the vote of a majority of the votes cast by stockholders present in person or by proxy. The secretary or, in the secretary’s absence, an assistant secretary or, in the absence of both the secretary and assistant secretaries, a person appointed by the Board of Directors or, in the absence of such appointment, a person appointed by the chairman of the meeting shall act as secretary. In the event that the secretary presides at a meeting of the stockholders, an assistant secretary shall record the minutes of the meeting. The order of business and all other matters of procedure at any meeting of stockholders shall be determined by the chairman of the meeting. The chairman of the meeting may prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and take such action as, in the discretion of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, (a) restricting admission to the time set for the commencement of the meeting; (b) limiting attendance at the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized proxies or other such persons as the chairman of the meeting may determine; (c) limiting participation at the meeting on any matter to stockholders of record of the Corporation entitled to vote on such matter, their duly authorized proxies or other such persons as the chairman of the meeting may determine; (d) limiting the time allotted to questions or comments by participants; (e) maintaining order and security at the meeting; (f) removing any stockholder who refuses to comply with meeting

 

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procedures, rules or guidelines as set forth by the chairman of the meeting; and (g) recessing or adjourning the meeting to a later date and time and place announced at the meeting. Unless otherwise determined by the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.

 

Section 6. QUORUM . At any meeting of stockholders, the presence in person or by proxy of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting shall constitute a quorum; but this section shall not affect any requirement under any statute or the charter of the Corporation for the vote necessary for the adoption of any measure. If, however, such quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the stockholders, the chairman of the meeting or the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting, present in person or by proxy, shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time to a date not more than 120 days after the original record date without notice other than announcement at the meeting. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified.

 

The stockholders present either in person or by proxy, at a meeting which has been duly called and convened, may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum.

 

Section 7. VOTING . A plurality of all the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present shall be sufficient to elect a director. Each share may be voted for as many individuals as there are directors to be elected and for whose election the share is entitled to be voted. A majority of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present shall be sufficient to approve any other matter which may properly come before the meeting, unless more than a majority of the votes cast is required by statute or by the charter of the Corporation. Unless otherwise provided in the charter, each outstanding share, regardless of class, shall be entitled to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting of stockholders.

 

Section 8. PROXIES . A stockholder may cast the votes entitled to be cast by the shares of stock owned of record by the stockholder in person or by proxy executed by the stockholder or by the stockholder’s duly authorized agent in any manner permitted by law. Such proxy or evidence of authorization of such proxy shall be filed with the secretary of the Corporation before or at the meeting. No proxy shall be valid more than eleven months after its date unless otherwise provided in the proxy.

 

Section 9. VOTING OF STOCK BY CERTAIN HOLDERS . Stock of the Corporation registered in the name of a corporation, partnership, trust or other entity, if entitled to be voted, may be voted by the president or a vice president, a general partner or trustee thereof, as the case may be, or a proxy appointed by any of the foregoing individuals, unless some other person who has been appointed to vote such stock pursuant to a bylaw or a resolution of the governing body of such corporation or other entity or agreement of the partners of a partnership presents a certified copy of such bylaw, resolution or agreement, in which case such

 

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person may vote such stock. Any director or other fiduciary may vote stock registered in his or her name as such fiduciary, either in person or by proxy.

 

Shares of stock of the Corporation directly or indirectly owned by it shall not be voted at any meeting and shall not be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares entitled to be voted at any given time, unless they are held by it in a fiduciary capacity, in which case they may be voted and shall be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares at any given time.

 

The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution a procedure by which a stockholder may certify in writing to the Corporation that any shares of stock registered in the name of the stockholder are held for the account of a specified person other than the stockholder. The resolution shall set forth the class of stockholders who may make the certification, the purpose for which the certification may be made, the form of certification and the information to be contained in it; if the certification is with respect to a record date or closing of the stock transfer books, the time after the record date or closing of the stock transfer books within which the certification must be received by the Corporation; and any other provisions with respect to the procedure which the Board of Directors considers necessary or desirable. On receipt of such certification, the person specified in the certification shall be regarded as, for the purposes set forth in the certification, the stockholder of record of the specified stock in place of the stockholder who makes the certification.

 

Section 10. INSPECTORS . The Board of Directors, in advance of any meeting, may, but need not, appoint one or more individual inspectors or one or more entities that designate individuals as inspectors to act at the meeting or any adjournment thereof. If an inspector or inspectors are not appointed, the person presiding at the meeting may, but need not, appoint one or more inspectors. In case any person who may be appointed as an inspector fails to appear or act, the vacancy may be filled by appointment made by the Board of Directors in advance of the meeting or at the meeting by the chairman of the meeting. The inspectors, if any, shall determine the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, the validity and effect of proxies, and shall receive votes, ballots or consents, hear and determine all challenges and questions arising in connection with the right to vote, count and tabulate all votes, ballots or consents, determine the result, and do such acts as are proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all stockholders. Each such report shall be in writing and signed by him or her or by a majority of them if there is more than one inspector acting at such meeting. If there is more than one inspector, the report of a majority shall be the report of the inspectors. The report of the inspector or inspectors on the number of shares represented at the meeting and the results of the voting shall be prima facie evidence thereof.

 

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Section 11. ADVANCE NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDER NOMINEES FOR DIRECTOR AND OTHER STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS .

 

(a) Annual Meetings of Stockholders . (1) Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors and the proposal of business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders (i) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting, (ii) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (iii) by any stockholder of the Corporation who was a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 11(a) and at the time of the annual meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complied with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 11(a).

 

(2) For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (iii) of paragraph (a)(1) of this Section 11, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation and such other business must otherwise be a proper matter for action by the stockholders. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of mailing of the notice for the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the mailing of the notice for the annual meeting is advanced or delayed by more than 30 days from the first anniversary of the date of mailing of the notice for the preceding year’s annual meeting, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the 120th day prior to the date of mailing of the notice for such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to the date of mailing of the notice for such annual meeting or the tenth day following the day on which disclosure of the date of mailing of the notice for such meeting is first made. In no event shall the public announcement of a postponement or adjournment of an annual meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. Such stockholder’s notice shall set forth (i) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director, (A) the name, age, business address and residence address of such person, (B) the class and number of shares of stock of the Corporation that are beneficially owned by such person and (C) all other information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder (including such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected); (ii) as to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of such stockholder (including any anticipated benefit to the stockholder therefrom) and of each beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made; and (iii) as to the stockholder giving the notice and each beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made, (x) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s stock ledger and current name and address, if different, and of such beneficial owner, and (y) the class and number of shares of each class of stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and owned beneficially by such beneficial owner.

 

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(3) Notwithstanding anything in this subsection (a) of this Section 11 to the contrary, in the event the Board of Directors increases or decreases the maximum or minimum number of directors in accordance with Article III, Section 2 of these Bylaws, and there is no announcement of such action at least 100 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of mailing of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by this Section 11(a) shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.

 

(b) Special Meetings of Stockholders . Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected (i) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting, (ii) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (iii) provided that the Board of Directors has determined that directors shall be elected at such special meeting, by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 11 and at the time of the special meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complied with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 11. In the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board of Directors, any such stockholder may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be) for election as a director as specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, if the stockholder’s notice required by paragraph (a)(2) of this Section 11 shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the 120th day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such special meeting or the tenth day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of a postponement or adjournment of a special meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

 

(c) General . (1) Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 11 of these Bylaws shall be eligible to serve as directors, and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 11. The chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 11 and, if any proposed nomination or business is not in compliance with this Section 11, to declare that such defective nomination or proposal be disregarded.

 

(2) For purposes of this Section 11, (a) the “date of mailing of the notice” shall mean the date of the proxy statement for the solicitation of proxies for election of directors and (b) “public announcement” shall mean disclosure (i) in a press release reported by the Dow Jones

 

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News Service, Associated Press or comparable news service or (ii) in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act or the Investment Company Act.

 

(3) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of state law and of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 11. Nothing in this Section 11 shall be deemed to affect any right of a stockholder to request inclusion of a proposal in, nor the right of the Corporation to omit a proposal from, the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act.

 

Section 12. VOTING BY BALLOT . Voting on any question or in any election may be viva voce unless the presiding officer shall order or any stockholder shall demand that voting be by ballot.

 

Section 13. CONTROL SHARE ACQUISITION ACT . Notwithstanding any other provision of the charter of the Corporation or these Bylaws, Title 3, Subtitle 7 of the Maryland General Corporation Law (or any successor statute) shall not apply to any acquisition by any person of shares of stock of the Corporation. This section may be repealed, in whole or in part, at any time, whether before or after an acquisition of control shares and, upon such repeal, may, to the extent provided by any successor bylaw, apply to any prior or subsequent control share acquisition.

 

ARTICLE III

 

DIRECTORS

 

Section 1. GENERAL POWERS . The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of its Board of Directors.

 

Section 2. NUMBER, TENURE AND QUALIFICATIONS . At any regular meeting or at any special meeting called for that purpose, a majority of the entire Board of Directors may establish, increase or decrease the number of directors, provided that the number thereof shall never be less than the minimum number required by the Maryland General Corporation Law, nor more than 15, and further provided that the tenure of office of a director shall not be affected by any decrease in the number of directors.

 

Section 3. ANNUAL AND REGULAR MEETINGS . An annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders, no notice other than this Bylaw being necessary. In the event such meeting is not so held, the meeting may be held at such time and at any place or by means of remote communication as shall be specified in a notice given as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the Board of Directors.

 

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Section 4. SPECIAL MEETINGS . Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by or at the request of the chairman of the board, the chief executive officer, the president or by a majority of the directors then in office. The person or persons authorized to call special meetings of the Board of Directors may fix any place as the place for holding any special meeting of the Board of Directors called by them or may fix remote communication as the means by which any special meeting of the Board of Directors called by them will be held. The Board of Directors may provide, by resolution, the time and place, if any, and the means of remote communication, if any, for the holding of special meetings of the Board of Directors without other notice than such resolution.

 

Section 5. NOTICE . Notice of any special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be delivered personally or by telephone, electronic mail, facsimile transmission, United States mail or courier to each director at his or her business or residence address. Notice by personal delivery, telephone, electronic mail or facsimile transmission shall be given at least 24 hours prior to the meeting. Notice by United States mail shall be given at least three days prior to the meeting. Notice by courier shall be given at least two days prior to the meeting. Telephone notice shall be deemed to be given when the director or his or her agent is personally given such notice in a telephone call to which the director or his or her agent is a party. Electronic mail notice shall be deemed to be given upon transmission of the message to the electronic mail address given to the Corporation by the director. Facsimile transmission notice shall be deemed to be given upon completion of the transmission of the message to the number given to the Corporation by the director and receipt of a completed answer-back indicating receipt. Notice by United States mail shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail properly addressed, with postage thereon prepaid. Notice by courier shall be deemed to be given when deposited with or delivered to a courier properly addressed. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any annual, regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors need be stated in the notice, unless specifically required by statute or these Bylaws.

 

Section 6. QUORUM . A majority of the directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, provided that, if less than a majority of such directors are present at said meeting, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice, and provided further that if, pursuant to the charter of the Corporation or these Bylaws, the vote of a majority of a particular group of directors is required for action, a quorum must also include a majority of such group.

 

The directors present at a meeting which has been duly called and convened may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough directors to leave less than a quorum.

 

Section 7. VOTING . The action of the majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the action of the Board of Directors, unless the concurrence of a greater proportion is required for such action by applicable statute or the charter. If enough directors have withdrawn from a meeting to leave less than a quorum but the meeting is not adjourned, the action of the majority of the directors still present at such meeting

 

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shall be the action of the Board of Directors, unless the concurrence of a greater proportion is required for such action by applicable statute or the charter.

 

Section 8. ORGANIZATION . At each meeting of the Board of Directors, the chairman of the board or, in the absence of the chairman, the vice chairman of the board, if any, shall act as Chairman. In the absence of both the chairman and vice chairman of the board, the chief executive officer or, in the absence of the chief executive officer, the president or, in the absence of the president, a director chosen by a majority of the directors present, shall act as Chairman. The secretary or, in his or her absence, an assistant secretary of the Corporation or, in the absence of the secretary and all assistant secretaries, a person appointed by the Chairman, shall act as Secretary of the meeting.

 

Section 9. TELEPHONE MEETINGS . Directors may participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment if all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time. Participation in a meeting by these means shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

 

Section 10. WRITTEN CONSENT BY DIRECTORS . Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing or by electronic transmission to such action is signed by each director and such written consent is filed in paper or electronic form with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors.

 

Section 11. VACANCIES . If for any reason any or all the directors cease to be directors, such event shall not terminate the Corporation or affect these Bylaws or the powers of the remaining directors hereunder (even if fewer than three directors remain). Any vacancy on the Board of Directors for any cause other than an increase in the number of directors shall be filled by a majority of the remaining directors, even if such majority is less than a quorum. Any vacancy in the number of directors created by an increase in the number of directors may be filled by a majority vote of the entire Board of Directors. Any individual so elected as director shall serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her successor is elected and qualifies.

 

Section 12. COMPENSATION . Directors shall not receive any stated salary for their services as directors but, by resolution of the Board of Directors, may receive compensation per year and/or per meeting and/or per visit to real property or other facilities owned or leased by the Corporation and for any service or activity they performed or engaged in as directors. Directors may be reimbursed for expenses of attendance, if any, at each annual, regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof and for their expenses, if any, in connection with each property visit and any other service or activity they performed or engaged in as directors; but nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any directors from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.

 

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Section 13. LOSS OF DEPOSITS . No director shall be liable for any loss which may occur by reason of the failure of the bank, trust company, savings and loan association or other institution with whom moneys or stock have been deposited.

 

Section 14. SURETY BONDS . Unless required by law, no director shall be obligated to give any bond or surety or other security for the performance of any of his or her duties.

 

Section 15. RELIANCE . Each director, officer, employee and agent of the Corporation shall, in the performance of his or her duties with respect to the Corporation, be fully justified and protected with regard to any act or failure to act in reliance in good faith upon the books of account or other records of the Corporation, upon an opinion of counsel or upon reports made to the Corporation by any of its officers or employees or by the adviser, accountants, appraisers or other experts or consultants selected by the Board of Directors or officers of the Corporation, regardless of whether such counsel or expert may also be a director.

 

Section 16. CERTAIN RIGHTS OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS . The directors shall have no responsibility to devote their full time to the affairs of the Corporation. Any director or officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, in his or her personal capacity or in a capacity as an affiliate, employee or agent of any other person, or otherwise, may have business interests and engage in business activities similar to or in addition to or in competition with those of or relating to the Corporation.

 

ARTICLE IV

 

COMMITTEES

 

Section 1. NUMBER, TENURE AND QUALIFICATIONS . The Board of Directors may appoint from among its members an Executive Committee, an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and other committees, composed of one or more directors, to serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors.

 

Section 2. POWERS . The Board of Directors may delegate to committees appointed under Section 1 of this Article any of the powers of the Board of Directors, except as prohibited by law.

 

Section 3. MEETINGS . Notice of committee meetings shall be given in the same manner as notice for special meetings of the Board of Directors. A majority of the members of the committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the committee.

 

The act of a majority of the committee members present at a meeting shall be the act of such committee. The Board of Directors may designate a chairman of any committee and such chairman or, in the absence of a chairman, any two members of any committee (if there are at least two members of the Committee) may fix the time and place, if any, and the means of remote

 

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communication, if any, of its meeting unless the Board shall otherwise provide. In the absence of any member of any such committee, the members thereof present at any meeting, whether or not they constitute a quorum, may appoint another director to act in the place of such absent member. Each committee shall keep minutes of its proceedings.

 

Section 4. TELEPHONE MEETINGS . Members of a committee of the Board of Directors may participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment if all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time. Participation in a meeting by these means shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

 

Section 5. WRITTEN CONSENT BY COMMITTEES . Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of a committee of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing or by electronic transmission to such action is signed by each member of the committee and such written consent is filed in paper or electronic form with the minutes of proceedings of such committee.

 

Section 6. VACANCIES . Subject to the provisions hereof, the Board of Directors shall have the power at any time to change the membership of any committee, to fill all vacancies, to designate alternate members to replace any absent or disqualified member or to dissolve any such committee.

 

ARTICLE V

 

OFFICERS

 

Section 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS . The officers of the Corporation shall include a president, a secretary and a treasurer and may include a chairman of the board, a vice chairman of the board, a chief executive officer, one or more vice presidents, a chief operating officer, a chief financial officer, one or more assistant secretaries and one or more assistant treasurers. In addition, the Board of Directors may from time to time elect such other officers with such powers and duties as they shall deem necessary or desirable. The officers of the Corporation shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors, except that the chief executive officer or president may from time to time appoint one or more vice presidents, assistant secretaries and assistant treasurers or other officers. Each officer shall hold office until his or her successor is elected and qualifies or until his or her death, or his or her resignation or removal in the manner hereinafter provided. Any two or more offices except president and vice president may be held by the same person. Election of an officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights between the Corporation and such officer or agent.

 

Section 2. REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION . Any officer or agent of the Corporation may be removed, with or without cause, by the Board of Directors if in its judgment the best interests of the Corporation would be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. Any officer of the Corporation

 

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may resign at any time by giving written notice of his or her resignation to the Board of Directors, the chairman of the board, the president or the secretary. Any resignation shall take effect immediately upon its receipt or at such later time specified in the notice of resignation. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective unless otherwise stated in the resignation. Such resignation shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the Corporation.

 

Section 3. VACANCIES . A vacancy in any office may be filled by the Board of Directors for the balance of the term.

 

Section 4. CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER . The Board of Directors may designate a chief executive officer. The chief executive officer shall have general responsibility for implementation of the policies of the Corporation, as determined by the Board of Directors, and for the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation.

 

Section 5. CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER . The Board of Directors may designate a chief operating officer. The chief operating officer shall have the responsibilities and duties as set forth by the Board of Directors or the chief executive officer.

 

Section 6. CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER . The Board of Directors may designate a chief financial officer. The chief financial officer shall have the responsibilities and duties as set forth by the Board of Directors or the chief executive officer.

 

Section 7. CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD . The Board of Directors shall designate a chairman of the board. The chairman of the board shall preside over the meetings of the Board of Directors and of the stockholders at which he shall be present. The chairman of the board shall perform such other duties as may be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors.

 

Section 8. PRESIDENT . In the absence of a chief executive officer, the president shall in general supervise and control all of the business and affairs of the Corporation. In the absence of a designation of a chief operating officer by the Board of Directors, the president shall be the chief operating officer. He may execute any deed, mortgage, bond, contract or other instrument, except in cases where the execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors or by these Bylaws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation or shall be required by law to be otherwise executed; and in general shall perform all duties incident to the office of president and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors from time to time.

 

Section 9. VICE PRESIDENTS . In the absence of the president or in the event of a vacancy in such office, the vice president (or in the event there be more than one vice president, the vice presidents in the order designated at the time of their election or, in the absence of any designation, then in the order of their election) shall perform the duties of the president and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the president; and shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to such vice

 

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president by the president or by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may designate one or more vice presidents as executive vice president or as vice president for particular areas of responsibility.

 

Section 10. SECRETARY . The secretary shall (a) keep the minutes of the proceedings of the stockholders, the Board of Directors and committees of the Board of Directors in one or more books provided for that purpose; (b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws or as required by law; (c) be custodian of the corporate records and of the seal of the Corporation; (d) keep a register of the post office address of each stockholder which shall be furnished to the secretary by such stockholder; (e) have general charge of the stock transfer books of the Corporation; and (f) in general perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the chief executive officer, the president or by the Board of Directors.

 

Section 11. TREASURER . The treasurer shall have the custody of the funds and securities of the Corporation and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. In the absence of a designation of a chief financial officer by the Board of Directors, the treasurer shall be the chief financial officer of the Corporation.

 

The treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the president and Board of Directors, at the regular meetings of the Board of Directors or whenever it may so require, an account of all his or her transactions as treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation.

 

If required by the Board of Directors, the treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of his or her office and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of his or her death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, moneys and other property of whatever kind in his or her possession or under his or her control belonging to the Corporation.

 

Section 12. ASSISTANT SECRETARIES AND ASSISTANT TREASURERS . The assistant secretaries and assistant treasurers, in general, shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to them by the secretary or treasurer, respectively, or by the president or the Board of Directors. The assistant treasurers shall, if required by the Board of Directors, give bonds for the faithful performance of their duties in such sums and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors.

 

Section 13. SALARIES . The salaries and other compensation of the officers shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such salary or other compensation by reason of the fact that he is also a director.

 

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ARTICLE VI

 

CONTRACTS, LOANS, CHECKS AND DEPOSITS

 

Section 1. CONTRACTS . The Board of Directors may authorize any officer or agent to enter into any contract or to execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. Any agreement, deed, mortgage, lease or other document shall be valid and binding upon the Board of Directors and upon the Corporation when authorized or ratified by action of the Board of Directors and executed by an authorized person.

 

Section 2. CHECKS AND DRAFTS . All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or agent of the Corporation in such manner as shall from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors.

 

Section 3. DEPOSITS . All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the Corporation in such banks, trust companies or other depositories as the Board of Directors may designate.

 

ARTICLE VII

 

STOCK

 

Section 1. CERTIFICATES; REQUIRED INFORMATION . In the event that the Corporation issues shares of stock represented by certificates, such certificates shall be signed by the officers of the Corporation in the manner permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law (“MGCL”) and contain the statements and information required by the MGCL. In the event that the Corporation issues shares of stock without certificates, the Corporation shall provide to holders of such shares a written statement of the information required by the MGCL to be included on stock certificates.

 

Section 2. TRANSFERS OF CERTIFICATED SECURITIES . Upon surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent of the Corporation of a stock certificate duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, the Corporation shall issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books.

 

The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share of stock as the holder in fact thereof and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of the State of Maryland.

 

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Notwithstanding the foregoing, transfers of shares of any class of stock will be subject in all respects to the charter of the Corporation and all of the terms and conditions contained therein.

 

Section 3. REPLACEMENT CERTIFICATE . Any officer designated by the Board of Directors may direct a new certificate to be issued in place of any certificate previously issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing the issuance of a new certificate, an officer designated by the Board of Directors may, in his or her discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or the owner’s legal representative to advertise the same in such manner as he shall require and/or to give bond, with sufficient surety, to the Corporation to indemnify it against any loss or claim which may arise as a result of the issuance of a new certificate.

 

Section 4. CLOSING OF TRANSFER BOOKS OR FIXING OF RECORD DATE . The Board of Directors may set, in advance, a record date for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or determining stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or the allotment of any other rights, or in order to make a determination of stockholders for any other proper purpose. Such date, in any case, shall not be prior to the close of business on the day the record date is fixed and shall be not more than 90 days and, in the case of a meeting of stockholders, not less than ten days, before the date on which the meeting or particular action requiring such determination of stockholders of record is to be held or taken.

 

In lieu of fixing a record date, the Board of Directors may provide that the stock transfer books shall be closed for a stated period but not longer than 20 days. If the stock transfer books are closed for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders, such books shall be closed for at least ten days before the date of such meeting.

 

If no record date is fixed and the stock transfer books are not closed for the determination of stockholders, (a) the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day on which the notice of meeting is mailed or the 30th day before the meeting, whichever is the closer date to the meeting; and (b) the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive payment of a dividend or an allotment of any other rights shall be the close of business on the day on which the resolution of the directors, declaring the dividend or allotment of rights, is adopted.

 

When a determination of stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders has been made as provided in this section, such determination shall apply to any adjournment thereof, except when (i) the determination has been made through the closing of the

 

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transfer books and the stated period of closing has expired or (ii) the meeting is adjourned to a date more than 120 days after the record date fixed for the original meeting, in either of which case a new record date shall be determined as set forth herein.

 

Section 5. STOCK LEDGER . The Corporation shall maintain at its principal office or at the office of its counsel, accountants or transfer agent, an original or duplicate share ledger containing the name and address of each stockholder and the number of shares of each class held by such stockholder.

 

Section 6. FRACTIONAL STOCK; ISSUANCE OF UNITS . The Board of Directors may issue fractional stock or provide for the issuance of scrip, all on such terms and under such conditions as they may determine. Notwithstanding any other provision of the charter or these Bylaws, the Board of Directors may issue units consisting of different securities of the Corporation. Any security issued in a unit shall have the same characteristics as any identical securities issued by the Corporation, except that the Board of Directors may provide that for a specified period securities of the Corporation issued in such unit may be transferred on the books of the Corporation only in such unit.

 

ARTICLE VIII

 

ACCOUNTING YEAR

 

The Board of Directors shall have the power, from time to time, to fix the fiscal year of the Corporation by a duly adopted resolution.

 

ARTICLE IX

 

DISTRIBUTIONS

 

Section 1. AUTHORIZATION . Dividends and other distributions upon the stock of the Corporation may be authorized by the Board of Directors, subject to the provisions of law and the charter of the Corporation. Dividends and other distributions may be paid in cash, property or stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of law and the charter.

 

Section 2. CONTINGENCIES . Before payment of any dividends or other distributions, there may be set aside out of any assets of the Corporation available for dividends or other distributions such sum or sums as the Board of Directors may from time to time, in its absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve fund for contingencies, for equalizing dividends or other distributions, for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation or for such other purpose as the Board of Directors shall determine to be in the best interest of the Corporation, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve.

 

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ARTICLE X

 

INVESTMENT POLICY

 

Subject to the provisions of the charter of the Corporation, the Board of Directors may from time to time adopt, amend, revise or terminate any policy or policies with respect to investments by the Corporation as it shall deem appropriate in its sole discretion.

 

ARTICLE XI

 

SEAL

 

Section 1. SEAL . The Board of Directors may authorize the adoption of a seal by the Corporation. The seal shall contain the name of the Corporation and the year of its incorporation and the words “Incorporated Maryland.” The Board of Directors may authorize one or more duplicate seals and provide for the custody thereof

 

Section 2. AFFIXING SEAL . Whenever the Corporation is permitted or required to affix its seal to a document, it shall be sufficient to meet the requirements of any law, rule or regulation relating to a seal to place the word “(SEAL)” adjacent to the signature of the person authorized to execute the document on behalf of the Corporation.

 

ARTICLE XII

 

INDEMNIFICATION AND ADVANCE OF EXPENSES

 

To the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, the Corporation shall indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, shall pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (a) any individual who is a present or former director or officer of the Corporation and who is made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity or (b) any individual who, while a director of the Corporation and at the request of the Corporation, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner or trustee of such corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The Corporation may, with the approval of its Board of Directors, provide such indemnification and advance for expenses to a person who served a predecessor of the Corporation in any of the capacities described in (a) or (b) above and to any employee or agent of the Corporation or a predecessor of the Corporation.

 

Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Article, nor the adoption or amendment of any other provision of the Bylaws or charter of the Corporation inconsistent with this Article, shall apply to or affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding paragraph with respect to any act or failure to act which occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.

 

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ARTICLE XIII

 

WAIVER OF NOTICE

 

Whenever any notice is required to be given pursuant to the charter of the Corporation or these Bylaws or pursuant to applicable law, a waiver thereof in writing or by electronic transmission, delivered by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice. Neither the business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any meeting need be set forth in the waiver of notice, unless specifically required by statute. The attendance of any person at any meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where such person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

 

ARTICLE XIV

 

AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS

 

The Board of Directors shall have the exclusive power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of these Bylaws and to make new Bylaws.

 

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Exhibit 4. 1

 

[LEGEND] NUMBER J

  JER Investors Trust Inc.  

[LEGEND] SHARES

       

CUSIP NO:

    SHARES OF COMMON STOCK   SEE REVERSE FOR IMPORTANT NOTICE
INCORPORATED IN THE   $.01 Par Value per share   ON TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS
STATE OF MARYLAND       AND OTHER INFORMATION

 

This Certifies that

 

 

 

is the owner of

 

FULLY PAID AND NON-ASSESSABLE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK OF

JER Investors Trust Inc.

(the “Corporation”) transferable on the books of the Corporation by the holder hereof in person or by its duly authorized Attorney upon surrender of this certificate properly endorsed. This Certificate and the shares represented hereby are issued and shall be held subject to all of the provisions of the charter of the Corporation (the “Charter”) and the Bylaws of the Corporation and any amendments thereto.

 

CERTIFICATE OF STOCK

 

This certificate is not valid until countersigned and registered by the Transfer Agent and Registrar.

 

Witness the facsimile seal of the Corporation and the facsimile signatures of its duly authorized officers.

 

Dated              , 200[      ]        

[LEGEND]

     [LEGEND] JER Investors Trust Inc.    PRESIDENT

COUNTERSIGNED AND REGISTERED:

   SEAL   

[LEGEND]

AMERICAN STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY    STATE OF MARYLAND     
(NEW YORK, N.Y.) TRANSFER AGENT          
AND REGISTRAR         SECRETARY

 

BY:

 

 


    AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE

 


IMPORTANT NOTICE

 

The Corporation will furnish to any stockholder, on request and without charge, a full statement of the information required by Section 2-21l(b) of the Corporations and Associations Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland with respect to the designations and any preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications, and terms and conditions of redemption of the stock of each class which the Corporation has authority to issue and, if the Corporation is authorized to issue any preferred or special class in series, (i) the differences in the relative rights and preferences between the shares of each series to the extent set, and (ii) the authority of the Board of Directors to set such rights and preferences of subsequent series. The foregoing summary does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the Charter of the Corporation, a copy of which will be sent without charge to each stockholder who so requests. Such request must be made to the Secretary of the Corporation at its principal office or to the Transfer Agent.

 

The shares represented by this certificate are subject to restrictions on Beneficial and Constructive Ownership and Transfer for the purpose of the Corporation’s maintenance of its status as a Real Estate Investment Trust under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Subject to certain further restrictions and except as expressly provided in the Corporation’s Charter, (i) no Person may Beneficially or Constructively Own shares of the Corporation’s Common Stock in excess of 9.8 percent of the value of the total outstanding shares of Capital Stock of the Corporation, unless such Person is an Excepted Holder (in which case the Excepted Holder Limit shall be applicable); (ii) no Person may Beneficially or Constructively Own Capital Stock of the Corporation that would result in the Corporation being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT; and (iii) no Person after January 29, 2005, may Transfer any Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of shares of Capital Stock if such Transfer would result in the Capital Stock of the Corporation being owned by fewer than 100 Persons. Any Person who Beneficially or Constructively Owns or attempts to Beneficially or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock which causes or will cause a Person to Beneficially or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock in excess or in violation of the above limitations must immediately notify the Corporation. If any of the restrictions on transfer or ownership are violated, the shares of Capital Stock represented hereby will be automatically transferred to a Trustee of a Trust for the benefit of one or more Charitable Beneficiaries. In addition, upon the occurrence of certain events, attempted Transfers in violation of the restrictions described above may be void ab initio . All capitalized terms in this legend have the meanings defined in the Corporation’s Charter, as the same may be amended from time to time, a copy of which, including the restrictions on transfer and ownership, will be furnished to each holder of Capital Stock of the Corporation on request and without charge.

 

Prior to the date (i) the shares represented by this certificate qualify as a class of Publicly Offered Securities or (ii) the issuer complies with another available exception under the Plan Assets Regulation issued by the Department of Labor, the sale, transfer or disposition of the shares represented by this certificate or interest therein will not be permitted unless, following such sale, transfer or disposition, no such share or interest therein is held by any (a) Employee Benefit Plan (as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA), that is subject to Title 1 of ERISA; (b) plan described in Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code that is subject to Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code; (c) entity whose underlying assets include the investment of assets by a plan described in (a) or (b) in such entities; or any (d) entity that otherwise constitutes a Benefit Plan Investor within the meaning of the Plan Assets Regulation that is subject to Title 1 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

The following abbreviations, when used in the inscription on the face of this certificate, shall be construed as though they were written out in full according to applicable laws or regulations:

 

TEN COM —

TEN ENT —

JT TEN —

 

as tenants in common

its tenants by the entireties

as joint tenants with right of
survivorship and not as tenants in
common

  UNIF GIFT/TRANS MIN ACT-                      Custodian                     
        (Cust)                                               (Minor)
        under Uniform Gifts/Transfers to Minors
        Act                                   
                        (State)

 

Additional abbreviations may also be used though not in the above list.

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED                                          hereby sell, assign and transfer unto

 

PLEASE INSERT SOCIAL SECURITY OR OTHER

IDENTIFYING NUMBER OF ASSIGNEE [LEGEND]

 


 
(PLEASE PRINT OR TYPEWRITE NAME AND ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, OF ASSIGNEE)
 
 

 

                                                                                                                                                   Shares

of beneficial interest represented by the within Certificate, and do hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint

 

                                                                                                                                                   Attorney

to transfer the said shares on the books of the within named Trust with full power of substitution in the premises.

 

Dated                                                                

 

     
NOTICE:      

THE SIGNATURE(S) TO THIS ASSIGNMENT MUST CORRESPOND WITH THE NAME(S) AS WRITTEN UPON THE FACE OF THE CERTIFICATE IN EVERY PARTICULAR, WITHOUT ALTERATION OR ENLARGEMENT OR ANY CHANGE WHATEVER.

 

SIGNATURE(S) GUARANTEED

 

By                                                                                                                     

THE SIGNATURE(S) MUST BE GUARANTEED BY AN ELIGIBLE GUARANTOR INSTITUTION, (Banks, Stockbrokers, Savings and Loan Associations and Credit Unions) WITH MEMBERSHIP IN AN APPROVED SIGNATURE GUARANTEE MEDALLION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO S.E.C. RULE 17Ad-15.

 

 

Exhibit 4.2

 

REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

 

THIS REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) is made and entered into as of June 4, 2004, by and among JER INVESTORS TRUST INC. , a Maryland corporation (the “ Company ”), JER COMMERCIAL DEBT ADVISORS LLC , a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Manager ”), FRIEDMAN, BILLINGS, RAMSEY AND CO., INC. , a Delaware corporation (“ FBR ”), and the HOLDERS (as defined below).

 

THE PARTIES ENTER THIS AGREEMENT on the basis of the following facts, understandings and intentions:

 

A. The Company and FBR entered into that certain Purchase/Placement Agreement, dated as of May 27, 2004 (the “ Purchase Agreement ”), in connection with the offering and sale (the “ Offering ”) of 11,500,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (“ Common Stock ”), including up to 1,500,000 shares of Common Stock that may be issued pursuant to an additional allotment option granted to FBR.

 

B. In order to induce the investors who are purchasing the Common Stock in the Offering to purchase such Common Stock and FBR to enter into the Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed to provide the registration rights provided for in this Agreement for the Holders and such investors have, by separate instrument, agreed to be bound by the terms and provisions hereof.

 

C. The execution and delivery of this Agreement is a condition to the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants of the parties hereto, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

 

1. Definitions . As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the following meanings:

 

Agreement: As defined in the preamble hereof.

 

Affiliate: As to any specified Person, (i) any Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries or relationships, controls or is controlled by, or is under common control with, the specified Person, (ii) any executive officer, director, trustee, managing member, general partner or Person in a similar capacity of the specified Person and (iii) any legal entity for which the specified Person acts as an executive officer, director, trustee, managing member, general partner or Person in a similar capacity. For purposes of this definition, “control” (including the correlative meanings of the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly, or indirectly

 

1


through one or more intermediaries or relationships, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether by contract, through the ownership of voting securities, partnership or member interests or other equity interests or otherwise. An indirect relationship includes, but is not limited to, circumstances in which a Person’s spouse, children, parents, siblings or mother-, father-, sister- or brother-in-law is or has been associated with a Person.

 

Business Day: With respect to any act to be performed hereunder, each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday that is not a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York are authorized or obligated by applicable law, regulation or executive order, to close.

 

Closing Time: June 4, 2004, or such other time or such other date as FBR and the Company may agree in writing.

 

Commission: The Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Common Stock: As defined in recital A hereof.

 

Company: As defined in the preamble hereof, and any successor thereto.

 

Controlling Person. As defined in Section 6(a) hereof.

 

End of Suspension Notice: As defined in Section 5(b) hereof.

 

Exchange Act: The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder.

 

FBR: As defined in the preamble hereof, and any successor thereto.

 

Holder: Each record owner of any Registrable Shares from time to time.

 

Indemnified Party: As defined in Section 6(c) hereof.

 

Indemnifying Party: As defined in Section 6(c) hereof.

 

IPO Registration Statement: As defined in Section 2(a) hereof.

 

Liabilities: As defined in Section 6(a) hereof.

 

NASD: The National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.

 

Offering: As defined in recital A hereof.

 

Person: An individual, partnership, corporation, trust, limited liability company, unincorporated organization, government or agency or political subdivision thereof, or any other legal entity.

 

2


Proceeding: An action (including a class action), claim, suit, demand, arbitration or other proceeding (including without limitation, an investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or, to the knowledge of the Person subject thereto, threatened.

 

Prospectus: The prospectus included in any Registration Statement, including any preliminary prospectus, and all other amendments and supplements to any such prospectus, including post-effective amendments, and all material incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference, if any, in such prospectus.

 

Purchase Agreement: As defined in recital A hereof, as amended from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof.

 

Purchaser Indemnitee: As defined in Section 6(a) hereof.

 

Registrable Shares: Each of the Shares upon original issuance thereof and at all times subsequent thereto, and any Common Stock or other securities issued in respect of the Shares by reason of, or in connection with, any stock dividend, stock distribution, stock split, or similar issuance, including upon the transfer thereof by the original holder or any subsequent holder, until, in the case of any such Shares, the earliest to occur of:

 

(i) the date on which all Registrable Shares have been sold pursuant to a Registration Statement or sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of pursuant to Rule 144;

 

(ii) the date on which all Registrable Shares not held by Affiliates of the Company are eligible for sale without registration under the Securities Act pursuant to subparagraph (k) of Rule 144; or

 

(iii) the second anniversary of the initial effective date of the Registration Statement.

 

Registration Expenses: Any and all expenses incident to the performance of or compliance with this Agreement, including, without limitation: (i) all Commission, securities exchange, NASD or other registration, listing, inclusion and filing fees, (ii) all fees and expenses incurred in connection with compliance with international, federal or state securities or blue sky laws (including, without limitation, any registration, listing and filing fees and reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel in connection with blue sky qualification of any of the Registrable Shares and the preparation of a blue sky memorandum and compliance with the rules of the NASD), (iii) all expenses of any Persons in preparing or assisting in preparing, word processing, duplicating, printing, delivering and distributing any Registration Statement, any Prospectus, any amendments or supplements thereto, any underwriting agreements, agreements among underwriters, securities sales agreements, certificates and any other documents relating to the performance under and compliance with this Agreement, (iv) all fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing or inclusion of any of the Registrable Shares on any securities exchange or national quotation system pursuant to Section 4(n) of this Agreement or otherwise, (v) the fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company and of the independent public accountants of the Company (including, without limitation, the expenses of any special audit and “cold comfort” letters required by or incident to such performance), and the reasonable fees and disbursements of one counsel and one accounting firm (as selected by FBR) for the selling

 

3


Holders to review any Registration Statement, and (vi) any fees and disbursements customarily paid by issuers in connection with issues and sales of securities (including the fees and expenses of any experts retained by the Company in connection with any Registration Statement), provided, however, that Registration Expenses shall exclude brokers’ or underwriters’ discounts and commissions and transfer taxes, if any, relating to the sale or disposition of Registrable Shares by a Holder and the fees and disbursements of any counsel to or accounting firm of the Holders other than as provided for in subparagraph (v) above.

 

Registration Statement: Any Shelf Registration Statement or the IPO Registration Statement (that covers the resale of any Registrable Shares), including the Prospectus, amendments and supplements to such registration statement or Prospectus, including pre-and post-effective amendments, all exhibits thereto and all material incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference, if any, in such registration statement.

 

Rule 144: Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

 

Rule 144A: Rule 144A promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

 

Rule 158: Rule 158 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

 

Rule 415: Rule 415 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

 

Rule 424: Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

 

Securities Act: The Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder.

 

Shares: As defined in the Purchase Agreement.

 

Shelf Registration Statement: As defined in Section 2 hereof.

 

Suspension Event: As defined in Section 5(b) hereof.

 

Suspension Notice: As defined in Section 5(b) hereof.

 

Underwritten Offering: A sale of securities of the Company to an underwriter or underwriters for reoffering to the public.

 

4


2. Registration Rights .

 

(a) General . As set forth in Section 4 hereof and in accordance therewith, the Company agrees to file with the Commission as soon as practicable, but in no event later than nine (9) months from the date hereof, and to use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause to be declared effective by the Commission as promptly as practicable following such filing, either (i) a registration statement on Form S-11 or such other form under the Securities Act then available to the Company providing for the initial public offering of shares of Common Stock, which registration statement will provide for the resale by the Holders of any and all Registrable Shares (subject to Section 2(b) hereof) (including the Prospectus, amendments and supplements to such registration statement or Prospectus, including pre- and post-effective amendments, all exhibits thereto and all material incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference, if any, in such registration statement, the “IPO Registration Statement”) or (ii) subject to Section 2(c) hereof, a shelf registration statement on Form S-11 or such other form under the Securities Act then available to the Company providing for the resale pursuant to Rule 415 from time to time by the Holders of any and all Registrable Shares (including the Prospectus, amendments and supplements to such shelf registration statement or Prospectus, including pre- and post-effective amendments, all exhibits thereto and all material incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference, if any, in such shelf registration statement, the “Shelf Registration Statement”). Such commercially reasonable efforts shall include, without limitation, responding to any comments issued by the staff of the Commission with respect to any Registration Statement and filing any related amendment to such Registration Statement as promptly as practicable after receipt of such comments.

 

(b) IPO Registration . If the Company proposes to file an IPO Registration Statement, the Company will notify, in writing, each Holder of the proposed filing and afford each Holder an opportunity to include in such IPO Registration Statement all or any part of the Registrable Shares then held by such Holder. Each Holder desiring to include in any such IPO Registration Statement all or part of the Registrable Shares held by such Holder shall, within twenty (20) Business Days after receipt of the above-described written notice by the Company, so notify the Company in writing, and in such notice shall inform the Company of the number of Registrable Shares such Holder wishes to include in such IPO Registration Statement.

 

(i) Right to Terminate or Delay IPO Registration . Subject to Section 10 hereof, the Company shall have the right to terminate or withdraw any IPO Registration Statement referred to in this Section 2(b) prior to its effectiveness whether or not any Holder has elected to include Registrable Shares in such registration; provided, however , the Company must provide each Holder that elected to include any Registrable Shares in such IPO Registration Statement prompt written notice of such termination. Furthermore, in the event the IPO Registration Statement is not declared effective by the Commission within ninety (90) days following the initial filing of the IPO Registration Statement, the Company shall promptly provide a new written notice to all Holders giving them another opportunity to elect to include Registrable Shares in the pending IPO Registration Statement. Each Holder receiving such notice shall have the same election rights afforded such Holder as described in clause (b) above.

 

(ii) Underwriting. The Company shall give written notice to the Holders who elected to be included in the IPO Registration Statement of the managing underwriters for the

 

5


Underwritten Offering proposed under the IPO Registration Statement. The right of any such Holder’s Registrable Shares to be included in any IPO Registration Statement pursuant to this Section 2(b) shall be conditioned upon such Holder’s participation in such Underwritten Offering and the inclusion of such Holder’s Registrable Shares in the Underwritten Offering to the extent provided herein. All Holders proposing to distribute their Registrable Shares through such Underwritten Offering shall enter into an underwriting agreement in customary form with the managing underwriters selected by the Company (consistent with its contractual obligations) for such underwriting and complete and execute, as reasonably requested as to scope and form, any questionnaires, powers of attorney, indemnities, lock-up agreements, securities escrow agreements and other documents reasonably required under the terms of such underwriting, and furnish to the Company such information in writing as the Company may reasonably request for inclusion in the IPO Registration Statement; provided, however, that no Holder shall be required to make any representations or warranties to, or agreements (including indemnities) with, the Company or the underwriters other than representations, warranties or agreements (including indemnities) as are customary and reasonably requested by the underwriters with the understanding that the foregoing shall be several, not joint and several, and no such agreement (including indemnities) shall require any Holder to be liable for an amount in excess of the net proceeds received by such Holder through such Underwritten Offering. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, if the managing underwriters determine in their sole discretion that marketing factors require a limitation on the number of shares to be included, then the managing underwriters may exclude shares (including Registrable Shares) from the IPO Registration Statement and the Underwritten Offering and any Shares included in the IPO Registration Statement and the Underwritten Offering shall be allocated, first , to the Company, and second , to each of the Holders requesting inclusion of their Registrable Shares in such IPO Registration Statement on a pro rata basis based on the total number of Registrable Shares then requested for inclusion by each such Holder. If any Holder disapproves of the terms of any Underwritten Offering that is undertaken in compliance with the terms hereof, such Holder may elect to withdraw therefrom by written notice to the Company and the underwriter, delivered at least five (5) Business Days prior to the effective date of the IPO Registration Statement. Any Registrable Shares excluded or withdrawn from such Underwritten Offering shall be excluded and withdrawn from the IPO Registration Statement.

 

(iii) Hold-Back Agreement. By electing to include Registrable Shares in the IPO Registration Statement, if any, the Holder shall be deemed to have agreed not to effect any sale or distribution of securities of the Company of the same or similar class or classes of the securities included in the Registration Statement or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for such securities, including a sale pursuant to Rule 144 or Rule 144A under the Securities Act, during such periods as reasonably requested by the managing underwriter (but in no event for a period longer than thirty (30) days prior to, and ninety (90) days following, the effective date of the IPO Registration Statement provided each of the executive officers and directors of the Company that hold shares of Common Stock of the Company or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock of the Company are subject to the same restriction for the entire time period required of the Holders hereunder), if an Underwritten Offering.

 

(iv) Registrable Shares Not Sold Under IPO Registration Statement . If (a) the Company terminates or withdraws the IPO Registration Statement prior to its effectiveness or the

 

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distribution of all Registrable Securities, if any, registered thereunder, (b) the underwriters exercise their right pursuant to Section 2(b)(ii) of this Agreement to exclude any Registrable Shares from the IPO Registration Statement, (c) any Holder elects to withdraw or not to include any Registrable Shares in the IPO Registration Statement, or (d) any Registrable Shares are otherwise not registered under and distributed pursuant to the IPO Registration Statement, then the Company shall file a Shelf Registration Statement relating to any Registrable Shares not registered under and distributed pursuant to an IPO Registration Statement as soon as practicable, but in no event later than (1) in the case of the withdrawal or abandonment of the offering pursuant to the IPO Registration Statement, the date which is thirty (30) days after the earlier of the withdrawal or abandonment of the offering pursuant to the IPO Registration Statement or (2) the date ninety (90) days after the consummation of the offering pursuant to the IPO Registration Statement.

 

(c) Shelf Registration . If the Company elects to file a Shelf Registration Statement or is otherwise required to file a Shelf Registration Statement pursuant to this Section 2(b), it shall notify each Holder of the proposed filing and afford each Holder an opportunity to include in such Shelf Registration Statement all or any part of the Registrable Shares then held by such Holder. Each Holder desiring to include in any such Shelf Registration Statement all or part of the Registrable Shares held by such Holder shall, within twenty (20) days after receipt of the above-described notice from the Company, so notify the Company of the number of Registrable Shares such Holder wishes to include in such Shelf Registration Statement and complete, sign and return the selling stockholder questionnaire included with the notice. The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Shelf Registration Statement to be declared effective by the Commission as promptly as practicable following the filing of the Shelf Registration Statement. Any Shelf Registration Statement shall provide for the resale from time of time, and pursuant to any method or combination of methods legally available (including, without limitation, an Underwritten Offering, a direct sale to purchasers, a sale through brokers or agents, or a sale over the internet) by the Holders of any and all Registrable Shares.

 

(d) Expenses. The Company shall pay all Registration Expenses in connection with the registration of the Registrable Shares pursuant to this Agreement. Each Holder participating in a registration pursuant to this Section 2 shall bear such Holder’s proportionate share (based on the total number of Registrable Shares sold in such registration) of all discounts and commissions payable to underwriters or brokers and all transfer taxes in connection with a registration of Registrable Shares pursuant to this Agreement and any other expense of the Holders not allocated to the Company pursuant to this Agreement relating to the sale or disposition of such Holder’s Registrable Shares pursuant to any Registration Statement.

 

3. Rules 144 and 144A Reporting .

 

With a view to making available the benefits of certain rules and regulations of the Commission that may permit the sale of the Registrable Shares to the public without registration, the Company agrees to, until such date as no Holder owns any Registrable Shares:

 

(a) make and keep public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule 144(c) under the Securities Act, at all times after the effective date of the first

 

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registration under the Securities Act filed by the Company for an offering of its securities to the general public;

 

(b) use its best efforts to timely file with the Commission all reports and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act (at any time after it has become subject to such reporting requirements);

 

(c) if the Company is not required to file reports and other documents under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, make available other information as required by, and so long as necessary to permit sales of Registrable Shares pursuant to, Rule 144 and Rule 144A; and

 

(d) furnish to any Holder promptly upon request a written statement by the Company as to its compliance in all material respects with the reporting requirements of Rule 144 (at any time after ninety (90) days after the effective date of the first Registration Statement filed by the Company for an offering of its securities to the general public) and of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act (at any time after it has become subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act), a copy of the most recent annual and quarterly report(s) of the Company, and such other reports, documents or shareholder communications of the Company, and take such further actions consistent with this Section, as a Holder may reasonably request in availing itself of any rule or regulation of the Commission allowing a Holder to sell any such Registrable Shares without registration.

 

4. Registration Procedures .

 

In connection with the obligations of the Company with respect to any registration pursuant to this Agreement, the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to effect or cause to be effected the registration of the Registrable Shares under the Securities Act to permit the public resale of such Registrable Shares by the Holder or Holders in accordance with the Holders’ intended method or methods of resale and distribution, and the Company shall, without limitation:

 

(a) prepare and file with the Commission, as specified in this Agreement, a Registration Statement, which Registration Statement shall comply as to form with the requirements of the applicable form and include all financial statements required by the Commission to be filed therewith, and use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such Registration Statement to become effective as promptly as practicable following such filing and to remain effective, subject to Section 5 hereof, until the earlier of (i) the date on which all Registrable Shares have been sold pursuant to a Registration Statement or sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of pursuant to Rule 144, (ii) the date on which all Registrable Shares not held by Affiliates of the Company are eligible for sale without registration under the Securities Act pursuant to subparagraph (k) of Rule 144 or (iii) the second anniversary of the initial effective date of such Registration Statement (subject to extension as provided in Section 5(c) hereof); provided, however , that if the Company has an effective Registration Statement on Form S-11 under the Securities Act and becomes eligible to use Form S-3 or such other short-form registration statement form under the Securities Act, the Company may, upon thirty (30) Business Days prior notice to all Holders of Registrable Shares, register any Registrable Shares registered

 

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but not yet distributed under the effective Registration Statement on such a short-form Registration Statement and, once the short-form Registration Statement is declared effective, de-register such shares under the previous Registration Statement or transfer the filing fees from the previous Registration Statement (such transfer pursuant to Rule 429, if applicable) unless any Holder of Registrable Shares registered under the initial Registration Statement notifies the Company within twenty (20) Business Days of receipt of the Company notice that such a registration under a new Registration Statement and de-registration of the initial Registration Statement would interfere with its distribution of Registrable Shares already in progress; the Company shall furnish at a reasonable time prior to the filing thereof with the Commission, a copy of any Registration Statement and each amendment or supplement, if any, to the Prospectus included therein (including any documents incorporated by reference therein) and shall use its best efforts to reflect in each such document, when so filed with the Commission, such comments as FBR or such other representative of the Holders may reasonably propose;

 

(b) subject to Section 4(i) hereof, (i) prepare and file with the Commission such amendments and post-effective amendments to each such Registration Statement as may be necessary to keep such Registration Statement effective for the period described in Section 4(a) hereof, (ii) cause each Prospectus contained therein to be supplemented by any required prospectus supplement, and as so supplemented to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 or any similar rule that may be adopted under the Securities Act, and (iii) comply with the provisions of the Securities Act with respect to the disposition of all securities covered by each Registration Statement during the applicable period in accordance with the intended method or methods of distribution by the selling Holders thereof;

 

(c) furnish to the Holders, without charge, as many copies of each Prospectus, including each preliminary Prospectus, and any amendment or supplement thereto and such other documents as such Holder may reasonably request, in order to facilitate the public sale or other disposition of the Registrable Shares; the Company consents, subject to Section 5 , to the use of such Prospectus, including each preliminary Prospectus, by the Holders in connection with the offering and sale of the Registrable Shares covered by any such Prospectus;

 

(d) use its commercially reasonable efforts to (i) register or qualify, or obtain exemption from registration or qualification for, all Registrable Shares by the time the applicable Registration Statement is declared effective by the Commission under all applicable state securities or “blue sky” laws of such domestic United States jurisdictions as FBR or any Holder covered by a Registration Statement shall reasonably request in writing, (ii) keep each such registration or qualification or exemption effective during the period such Registration Statement is required to be kept effective pursuant to Section 4(a) and (iii) do any and all other acts and things that may be reasonably necessary or advisable to enable such Holder to consummate the disposition in each such jurisdiction of such Registrable Shares owned by such Holder; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to (i) qualify generally to do business in any jurisdiction or to register as a broker or dealer in such jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this Section 4(d), (ii) subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction, or (iii) submit to the general service of process in any such jurisdiction;

 

(e) use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause all Registrable Shares covered by such Registration Statement to be registered and approved by such other domestic state or local

 

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governmental agencies or authorities in the United States, if any, as may be necessary to enable the Holders thereof to consummate the disposition of such Registrable Shares;

 

(f) notify FBR and each Holder with Registrable Shares covered by a Registration Statement promptly and, promptly confirm such advice in writing at the address determined in accordance with Section 10(c), (i) when such Registration Statement has become effective and when any post-effective amendments thereto become effective or upon the filing of a supplement to any prospectus, (ii) of the issuance by the Commission or any state securities authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of such Registration Statement or the initiation of any Proceedings for that purpose, (iii) of any request by the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority for amendments or supplements to such Registration Statement or related Prospectus or for additional information (such notice to be accompanied by an instruction to suspend the use of the Prospectus until the requisite changes have been made), and (iv) of any reason, including, but not limited to, the happening of any event during the period such Registration Statement is effective as a result of which such Registration Statement or the related Prospectus or any document incorporated by reference therein contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading (which information shall be accompanied by an instruction to suspend the use of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus until the requisite changes have been made);

 

(g) during the period of time referred to in Section 4(a) above, use its commercially reasonable efforts to avoid the issuance of, or if issued, to obtain the withdrawal of, any order enjoining or suspending the use or effectiveness of a Registration Statement or suspending the qualification (or exemption from qualification) of any of the Registrable Shares for sale in any jurisdiction, as promptly as practicable;

 

(h) provide to FBR and its counsel within three (3) Business Days of receipt by the Company or its counsel, copies of any material correspondence (which FBR may disclose to any other Holder) with or from the Commission or its staff with respect to a Registration Statement; and upon request, furnish to each requesting Holder with Registrable Shares covered by a Registration Statement, without charge, at least one (1) conformed copy of such Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment or supplement thereto (without documents incorporated therein by reference or exhibits thereto, unless requested);

 

(i) except as provided in Section 5 , upon the occurrence of any event contemplated by Section 4(f)(iv) hereof, use its commercially reasonable efforts to promptly prepare a supplement or post-effective amendment to a Shelf Registration Statement or the related Prospectus or any document incorporated therein by reference or file any other required document so that, as thereafter delivered to the purchasers of the Registrable Shares, such Prospectus will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, and, upon request and without charge, promptly furnish to each requesting Holder a reasonable number of copies of each such supplement or post-effective amendment;

 

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(j) if reasonably requested by the representative of the underwriters, if any, or any Holders of Registrable Shares being sold in connection with an Underwritten Offering, (i) promptly incorporate in a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment such material information as the representative of the underwriters, if any, or such Holders indicate in writing relates to them or otherwise reasonably request in writing be included therein and (ii) make all required filings of such prospectus supplement or such post-effective amendment as soon as practicable after the Company has received written notification of the matters to be incorporated in such prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment;

 

(k) in the case of an Underwritten Offering, use its commercially reasonable efforts to furnish or caused to be furnished to each Holder of Registrable Shares covered by such Registration Statement and the underwriters a signed counterpart, addressed to each such Holder and the underwriters, of: (i) an opinion of counsel for the Company, dated the date of each closing under the underwriting agreement, reasonably satisfactory to such Holder; and (ii) a “comfort” letter, dated the effective date of such Registration Statement and the date of each closing under the underwriting agreement, signed by the independent public accountants who have certified the Company’s financial statements included in such Registration Statement, covering substantially the same matters with respect to such Registration Statement (and the Prospectus included therein) and with respect to events subsequent to the date of such financial statements, as are customarily covered in accountants’ letters delivered to underwriters in underwritten public offerings of securities and such other financial matters as such Holder and the underwriters may reasonably request and customarily obtained by underwriters in underwritten offerings;

 

(l) enter into customary agreements (including in the case of an Underwritten Offering, an underwriting agreement in customary form) and take all other action in connection therewith in order to expedite or facilitate the distribution of the Registrable Shares included in such Registration Statement and, in the case of an Underwritten Offering, make representations, warranties and agreements (including indemnities) to the Holders of Registrable Shares covered by such Registration Statement and to the underwriters in such form and scope as are customarily made by issuers to underwriters and Holders in underwritten offerings and confirm the same in writing to the extent customary if and when requested;

 

(m) in connection with an Underwritten Offering, make available for inspection by one representative appointed by the Holders of a majority of the Registrable Shares and the representative of any underwriters participating in any disposition pursuant to a Registration Statement and any counsel and accounting firm retained by the Holders and underwriters, respectively, all financial and other records, pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Company and cause the respective officers, directors, employees and agents of the Company to supply all information reasonably requested by any such representatives, the representative of the underwriters, counsel thereto or accountants in connection with a Registration Statement; provided, however, that such records, documents or information that the Company determines, in good faith, to be confidential and notifies such representative of the Holders, representative of the underwriters, counsel thereto or accountants thereto are confidential shall not be disclosed by the representatives, representative of the underwriters, counsel thereto or accountants unless (i) the disclosure of such records, documents or information is necessary to avoid or correct a misstatement or omission in a Registration Statement or Prospectus, (ii) the release of such

 

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records, documents or information is ordered pursuant to a subpoena or other order from a court of competent jurisdiction, or (iii) such records, documents or information have been generally made available to the public; provided further, that to the extent practicable, the foregoing inspection and information gathering shall be coordinated on behalf of the Holders and the other parties entitled thereto by one counsel designated by and on behalf of the Holders and the other parties.

 

(n) use its commercially reasonable efforts to qualify for, and list or include all Registrable Shares on, the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq National Market as soon as practicable if the Company meets the criteria for listing on such exchange or market (including, without limitation, seeking to cure in the Company’s listing or inclusion application any deficiencies cited by the exchange or market) and thereafter use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain such listing;

 

(o) prepare and timely file all documents, reports and certifications required by the Securities Act and the Exchange Act at all times beginning from the date the Company is first subject to such filing, reporting or certification requirements through the date no Holders hold Registrable Shares;

 

(p) provide a CUSIP number for all Registrable Shares, not later than the effective date of the Registration Statement;

 

(q) (i) otherwise use its commercially reasonable efforts to comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the Commission and, as applicable, the New York Stock Exchange, Nasdaq National Market or other listing standard, (ii) make generally available to its stockholders, as soon as reasonably practicable, earnings statements covering at least twelve (12) months that satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 (or any similar rule promulgated under the Securities Act ) thereunder, no later than forty-five (45) days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company and (iii) delay filing any Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement to such Registration Statement or Prospectus to which the Holders of a majority of Registrable Shares covered by any Registration Statement shall have reasonably objected on the grounds that such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement does not comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act, such Holders having been furnished with a copy thereof at least five (5) Business Days prior to the filing thereof, provided that the Company may file such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement following such time as the Company shall have made a good faith effort to resolve any such issue with the objecting Holders and shall have advised the Holders in writing of its reasonable belief that such filing complies with the requirements of the Securities Act;

 

(r) provide and cause to be maintained a registrar and transfer agent for all Registrable Shares covered by any Registration Statement from and after a date not later than the effective date of such Registration Statement;

 

(s) in connection with any sale or transfer of the Registrable Shares (whether or not pursuant to a Registration Statement) that will result in the security being delivered no longer being Registrable Shares, cooperate with the Holders and the representative of the underwriters,

 

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if any, to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates representing the Registrable Shares to be sold, which certificates shall not bear any transfer restrictive legends (other than as required by the Company’s Charter) and to enable such Registrable Shares to be in such denominations and registered in such names as the representative of the underwriters, if any, or the Holders may request at least two (2) Business Days prior to any sale of the Registrable Shares; and

 

(t) upon effectiveness of the first Registration Statement filed by the Company, the Company will take such actions and make such filings as are necessary to effect the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act simultaneously with or as soon as practicable following the effectiveness of the Registration Statement.

 

The Company may require the Holders to furnish to the Company such information regarding the proposed distribution by such Holder as the Company may from time to time reasonably request in writing or as shall be required to effect the registration of the Registrable Shares and no Holder shall be entitled to be named as a selling stockholder in any Registration Statement and no Holder shall be entitled to use the Prospectus forming a part thereof if such Holder does not provide such reasonable information to the Company. Any Holder that sells Registrable Shares pursuant to a Registration Statement or as a selling stockholder pursuant to an Underwritten Offering shall be required to be named as a selling stockholder in the related prospectus and to deliver a prospectus to purchasers. Each Holder further agrees to furnish promptly to the Company in writing all information required from time to time to make the information previously furnished by such Holder not misleading and each Holder shall have a reasonable opportunity to review and comment upon the Registration Statement with respect to the accuracy of the information provided by such Holder, which shall include at least five (5) Business Days after receipt of any Registration Statement to provide comments thereon to the Company or its counsel. The designated counsel, if any, for the Holders shall, on behalf of the Holders, have the right to review and comment upon the Registration Statement prior to the time it is filed with the Commission, which shall include at least ten (10) Business Days after receipt of any Registration Statement to provide comments thereon to the Company or its counsel.

 

Each Holder agrees that, upon receipt of any notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described in Section 4(f) (ii), 4(f)(iii) or (f)(iv) hereof, such Holder will immediately discontinue disposition of Registrable Shares pursuant to a Registration Statement until such Holder’s receipt of copies of the supplemented or amended Prospectus. If so directed by the Company, such Holder will deliver to the Company (at the expense of the Company) all copies in its possession, other than permanent file copies then in such Holder’s possession, of the Prospectus covering such Registrable Shares current at the time of receipt of such notice.

 

5. Black-Out Period .

 

(a) Subject to the provisions of this Section 5 and a good faith determination by a majority of the independent members of the Board of Directors of the Company that it is in the best interests of the Company to suspend the use of the Registration Statement, following the effectiveness of a Registration Statement (and the filings with any international, federal or state securities commissions), the Company, by written notice to FBR and the Holders, may direct the Holders to suspend sales of the Registrable Shares pursuant to a Registration Statement for such

 

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times as the Company reasonably may determine is necessary and advisable (but in no event for more than an aggregate of ninety (90)-days in any rolling twelve (12)-month period commencing on the Closing Time, or thirty (30)-days in any rolling ninety (90)-day period, and no more than three (3) separate times in any rolling 12 month period) if any of the following events shall occur: (i) a primary Underwritten Offering by the Company where the Company is advised by the representative of the underwriters for such Underwritten Offering that the sale of Registrable Shares pursuant to the Registration Statement would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s Underwritten Offering; (ii) the majority of the independent members of the Board of Directors of the Company in good faith determine that (A) the offer or sale of any Registrable Shares would materially impede, delay or interfere with any material proposed acquisition, merger, tender offer, business combination, corporate reorganization, consolidation or other similar material transaction involving the Company, (B) after the advice of counsel, sale of Registrable Shares pursuant to the Registration Statement would require disclosure of non-public material information not otherwise required to be disclosed under applicable law, and (C) disclosure would have a material adverse effect on the Company or the Company’s ability to consummate such transaction in each case under circumstances that would make it impracticable or inadvisable to cause the Registration Statement (or such filings) to become effective or to promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement on a post-effective basis, as applicable; or (iii) the majority of the independent members of the Board of Directors of the Company shall have determined in good faith, after the advice of counsel, that it is required by law, rule or regulation to supplement the Registration Statement or file a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement in order to incorporate information into the Registration Statement for the purpose of (A) including in the Registration Statement any Prospectus required under Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act; (B) reflecting in the Prospectus included in the Registration Statement any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or of the most-recent post-effective amendment) that, individually or in the aggregate, represents a fundamental change in the information set forth therein; or (C) including in the Prospectus included in the Registration Statement any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information. Upon the occurrence of any such suspension, the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Registration Statement to become effective or to promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement on a post-effective basis or to take such action as is necessary to permit resumed use of the Registration Statement as soon as possible.

 

(b) In the case of an event that causes the Company to suspend the use of a Registration Statement (a “ Suspension Event ”), the Company shall give written notice (a “ Suspension Notice ”) to the Holders and FBR to suspend sales of the Registrable Shares and such notice shall state generally the basis for the notice and certify, by an officer of the Company, that such suspension shall continue only for so long as the Suspension Event or its effect is continuing and the Company is taking all reasonable steps to terminate suspension of the use of the Registration Statement as promptly as possible. The Holders shall not effect any sales of the Registrable Shares pursuant to such Registration Statement (or such filings) at any time after receiving a Suspension Notice from the Company and prior to receipt of an End of Suspension Notice (as defined below). If so directed by the Company, each Holder will deliver to the Company (at the expense of the Company) all copies other than permanent file copies then in such Holder’s possession of the Prospectus covering the Registrable Shares at the time of

 

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receipt of the Suspension Notice. The Holders may recommence effecting sales of the Registrable Shares pursuant to the Registration Statement (or such filings) following further notice to such effect (an “ End of Suspension Notice ”) from the Company, which End of Suspension Notice shall be given by the Company to the Holders and FBR in the manner described above promptly following the conclusion of any Suspension Event and its effect.

 

(c) Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, if the Company shall give a Suspension Notice pursuant to this Section 5 with respect to any Registration Statement, the Company agrees that it shall extend the period of time during which such Registration Statement shall be maintained effective pursuant to this Agreement by the number of days during the period from the date of the giving of a Suspension Notice to and including the date when Holders shall have received an End of Suspension Notice and copies of the supplemented or amended Prospectus necessary to resume sales, with respect to each Suspension Event; provided such period of time shall not be extended beyond the date that Shares are not Registrable Shares.

 

6. Indemnification and Contribution .

 

(a) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless (i) FBR and each Holder, (ii) each Person, if any, who controls (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act), any of the foregoing (any of the Persons referred to in this clause (ii) being hereinafter referred to as a “ Controlling Person ”), and (iii) the respective officers, directors, partners, members, managers, employees, representatives and agents of FBR and each Holder or any Controlling Person (any Person referred to in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) may hereinafter be referred to as a “ Purchaser Indemnitee ”) from and against any and all losses, damages, judgments, Proceedings, reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, and other liabilities (collectively, the “ Liabilities ”), including, without limitation and as incurred, reimbursement of all reasonable costs of investigating, preparing, pursuing or defending any Proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, including to the extent hereinafter provided, the reasonable fees and expenses of outside counsel to any Purchaser Indemnitee, joint or several, directly or indirectly related to, based upon, arising out of or in connection with any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Registration Statement or Prospectus (as amended or supplemented if the Company shall have furnished to such Purchaser Indemnitee any amendments or supplements thereto), or any preliminary Prospectus or any other document prepared by the Company used to sell the Registrable Shares (provided that the Company will not be liable with respect to any such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in any preliminary Registration Statement or Prospectus that is corrected in a Prospectus) or any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except to the extent such Liabilities arise out of or are based upon (i) any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Purchaser Indemnitee furnished to the Company or any underwriter in writing by such Purchaser Indemnitee expressly for use therein or (ii) any untrue statement contained in or omission from a preliminary Prospectus if a copy of the Prospectus (as then amended or supplemented, if the Company shall have furnished to or on behalf of the Holder participating in the distribution relating to the relevant Registration Statement any amendments or supplements thereto) was not sent or given by or on behalf of such Holder to the Person asserting any such

 

15


Liabilities who purchased Shares, if such Prospectus (or Prospectus as amended or supplemented) is required by law to be sent or given at or prior to the written confirmation of the sale of such Shares to such Person and the untrue statement contained in or omission from such preliminary Prospectus was corrected in the Prospectus (or the Prospectus as amended or supplemented if the Company shall have furnished any amendments or supplements thereto). The indemnity provided for herein shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Purchaser Indemnitee.

 

(b) In connection with any Registration Statement in which a Holder is participating and as a condition to such participation, such Holder agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, each Person who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act and the respective partners, directors, officers, members, representatives, employees and agents of the Company and each such Person to the same extent as the foregoing indemnity from the Company to each Purchaser Indemnitee, but only with reference to untrue statements or omissions or alleged untrue statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in strict conformity with information relating to such Purchaser Indemnitee furnished to the Company in writing by such Purchaser Indemnitee expressly for use in any Registration Statement or Prospectus, any amendment or supplement thereto, or any preliminary Prospectus. The liability of any Purchaser Indemnitee pursuant to this paragraph shall in no event exceed the net proceeds received by such Purchaser Indemnitee from sales of Registrable Shares giving rise to such obligations.

 

(c) If any Proceeding (including any governmental or regulatory investigation), claim or demand shall be brought or asserted against any Person in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to paragraph (a) or (b) above, such Person (the “ Indemnified Party ,” or if more than one Indemnified Party, the “ Indemnified Parties ”), shall promptly notify the Person against whom such indemnity may be sought (the “ Indemnifying Party ”), in writing of the commencement thereof (but the failure to so notify an Indemnifying Party shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have under this Section 6, except to the extent the Indemnifying Party is actually and materially prejudiced by the failure to give notice), and the Indemnifying Party, shall assume the defense of such Proceeding and retain counsel chosen by the Indemnifying Party and approved by the Indemnified Party, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, to represent the Indemnified Party and any others the Indemnifying Party may reasonably designate in such Proceeding and shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses actually incurred by such counsel related to such Proceeding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in any such Proceeding, any Indemnified Party shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Party, unless (i) the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party shall have mutually agreed in writing to the contrary, (ii) the Indemnifying Party failed within a reasonable time after notice of commencement of the Proceeding to assume the defense and engage counsel approved by the Indemnified Party as hereinabove provided, (iii) the Indemnifying Party and its counsel do not pursue in a reasonable manner the defense of such Proceeding, (iv) such Indemnified Party shall have been reasonably advised by counsel that, either (x) there may be one or more legal defenses available to it which are different from or additional to those available to the Indemnifying Party or such affiliate of the Indemnifying Party or (y) a conflict may exist between such Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party or such affiliate of the Indemnifying Party, then the

 

16


Indemnifying Party shall not have the right to assume nor direct the defense of such Proceeding on behalf of such Indemnified Party, it being understood, however, that the Indemnifying Party shall not, in connection with any one such Proceeding or separate but substantially similar or related Proceedings arising out of the same general allegations or circumstances, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one (1) separate firm of attorneys (in addition to any local counsel), for all such Indemnified Parties, which firm shall be designated in writing by those Indemnified Parties who sold a majority of Registrable Shares sold by all such Indemnified Parties (excluding Registrable Shares sold by the Company at its Affiliates) and any such separate firm for the Company, the directors, the officers and such control Persons of the Company as shall be designated in writing by the Company. The Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any settlement of any Proceeding effected without its written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the Indemnifying Party agrees to indemnify any Indemnified Party from and against any loss or liability resulting from such settlement or judgment. No Indemnifying Party shall, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened Proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Party is a party or the subject thereof and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Party, unless (i) such settlement includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such Proceeding in a form satisfactory to the Indemnified Party and (ii) does not include a statement as to, or an admission of, fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of the Indemnified Party.

 

(d) If the indemnification provided for in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Section 6 is for any reason held to be unavailable to an Indemnified Party in respect of any Liabilities referred to therein (other than by reason of the exceptions provided therein) or is insufficient to hold harmless a party indemnified thereunder, then each Indemnifying Party under such paragraphs, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Party thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Party as a result of such Liabilities in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the Indemnifying Parties and the Indemnified Party, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and any Purchaser Indemnitees, on the other, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or by such Purchaser Indemnitees and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.

 

(e) The parties agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 6 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if such Indemnified Parties were treated as one entity for such purpose), or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in paragraph 6(d) above. The amount paid or payable by an Indemnified Party as a result of any Liabilities referred to paragraph 6(d) shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any reasonable legal or other expenses actually incurred by such Indemnified Party in connection with investigating or defending any such Proceeding. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 6, in no event shall a Purchaser Indemnitee be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which proceeds (net of any discounts or commissions) received by such Purchaser Indemnitee from sales of Registrable Shares exceeds the amount of any damages that such Purchaser

 

17


Indemnitee has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. For purposes of this Section 6 , each Person, if any, who controls (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act or Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act) FBR or a Holder shall have the same rights to contribution as FBR or such Holder, as the case may be, and each Person, if any, who controls (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act or Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act) the Company, and each officer, director, partner, employee, representative, agent or manager of the Company shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company. Any party entitled to contribution will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any Proceeding against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made against another party or parties, notify each party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify such party or parties shall not relieve the party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any obligation it or they may have under this Section 6 or otherwise, except to the extent that any party is actually and materially prejudiced by the failure to give notice. No Person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act), shall be entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

 

(f) The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in this Section 6 will be in addition to any liability which the Indemnifying Parties may otherwise have to the Indemnified Parties referred to above. The Purchaser Indemnitee’s obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 6 are several in proportion to the respective number of Shares sold by each of the Purchaser Indemnitees hereunder and not joint.

 

7. Market Stand-off Agreement .

 

Each Holder hereby agrees that it shall not, to the extent requested in writing by an underwriter of securities of the Company, directly or indirectly sell, offer to sell (including without limitation any short sale), grant any option or otherwise transfer or dispose of any Registrable Shares or other shares of Common Stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock of the Company then owned by such Holder (other than to donees or partners of the Holder who agree to be similarly bound) within thirty (30) days prior to, and ninety (90) days following, either (x) the effective date of the IPO Registration Statement of the Company filed under the Securities Act or (y) the date of an Underwritten Offering by the Company pursuant to a shelf registration statement of the Company filed under the Securities Act; provided, however, that:

 

(a) with respect to the up to the 90-day restriction that follows the effective date of the IPO Registration Statement, such agreement shall not be applicable to Registrable Shares sold pursuant to such IPO Registration Statement;

 

(b) all executive officers and directors of the Company then holding shares of Common Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock of the Company shall enter into similar agreements for not less than the entire time period required of the Holders hereunder; and

 

(c) the Holders shall be allowed any concession or proportionate release allowed to any executive officer or director that entered into similar agreements.

 

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In order to enforce the foregoing covenant, the Company shall have the right to place restrictive legends on the certificates representing the securities subject to this Section 7 and to impose stop transfer instructions with respect to the Registrable Shares and such other securities of each Holder (and the securities of every other Person subject to the foregoing restriction) until the end of such period.

 

8. Termination of the Company’s Obligations .

 

The Company shall have no further obligations pursuant to this Agreement at such time as no Registrable Shares are outstanding, provided, however , that the Company’s obligations under Sections 6 and 10 of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect following such time.

 

9. Limitations on Subsequent Registration Rights .

 

From and after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the Holders (other than Affiliates of the Company) of a majority of the then outstanding Registrable Shares, enter into any agreement with any holder or prospective holder of any securities of the Company that would allow such holder or prospective holder to include such securities in any Registration Statement, filed pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

10. Miscellaneous .

 

Remedies . If (i) the Company does not initially file the IPO Registration Statement or the Shelf Registration Statement with the Commission within nine (9) months from the date hereof, (ii) the Company does not file a Shelf Registration Statement relating to any Registrable Shares not registered under and distributed pursuant to an IPO Registration Statement (a) in the case of the withdrawal or abandonment of the offering pursuant to the IPO Registration Statement, the date which is thirty (30) days after the earlier of the withdrawal or abandonment of the offering pursuant to the IPO Registration Statement or (b) the date ninety (90) days after the consummation of the offering pursuant to the IPO Registration Statement or (iii) the Company fails to comply with its obligations set forth in Sections 2 and 4 to file, when and as required, any documents or other materials necessary to effect, or maintain the effectiveness of, any Shelf Registration Statement, the Manager (A) shall not be entitled to receive from the Company, and shall forfeit, any Incentive Fee (as defined in that certain Management Agreement, dated as of June 4, 2004, by and between the Company and the Manager (the “ Management Agreement ”)) that may become payable to the Manager pursuant to the Management Agreement for the period of time that the Company has not complied with such obligations beginning on such date nine (9) months from the date hereof and continuing only until such date as the Company complies with its obligations hereunder, at which time all amounts due to the Manager under the Management Agreement, including fees earned during the period in which the Company has not complied with such obligations, shall become due and payable, and (B) the Manager shall forfeit one-half (1/2) of any shares of Common Stock (or any securities of the Company convertible into shares of Common Stock) granted to J.E. Robert Company, Inc., or any Affiliate of J.E. Robert Company, Inc., including the Manager, by the Company pursuant to the Company’s stock incentive plan in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement; provided , however , that in no event shall the remedies specified in (B) of this Section 10(a) apply

 

19


at any time when the Company has endeavored in good faith to file either the IPO Registration Statement or Shelf Registration Statement but is unable to make such filing as of such date as a result of circumstances outside the reasonable control of the Company; and provided further that with respect to any remedies specified in (B) of this Section 10(a) that occur nine (9) months from the date hereof, the Company shall have an additional two Business Day grace period to file either an IPO Registration Statement or Shelf Registration Statement before any such remedies shall be effected hereunder. The provisions set forth in this Section 10(a) shall not limit the remedies of any party hereto with respect to the breach of any provisions of this Agreement.

 

(a) Amendments and Waivers . The provisions of this Agreement, including the provisions of this sentence, may not be amended, modified or supplemented, and waivers or consents to or departures from the provisions hereof may not be given, without the written consent of the Company and Holders beneficially owning not less than fifty percent (50%) of the then outstanding Registrable Shares; provided, however, that for purposes of this Agreement, Registrable Shares that are owned, directly or indirectly, by an Affiliate of the Company shall not be deemed to be outstanding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a waiver or consent to or departure from the provisions hereof with respect to a matter that relates exclusively to the rights of a Holder whose securities are being sold pursuant to a Registration Statement and that does not directly or indirectly affect, impair, limit or compromise the rights of other Holders may be given by such Holder; provided that the provisions of this sentence may not be amended, modified or supplemented except in accordance with the provisions of the immediately preceding sentence.

 

(b) Notices . All notices and other communications, provided for or permitted hereunder shall be made in writing or delivered by facsimile (with receipt confirmed), overnight courier or registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, or by telegram

 

(i) if to a Holder, at the most current address given by the transfer agent and registrar of the Shares to the Company; and

 

(ii) if to the Company, at the offices of the Company at 1650 Tysons Boulevard, Suite 1600, McLean, Virginia 22102, Attention: Chief Financial Officer, (fax (703) 714 -8102).

 

Receipt of any notice sent pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed to occur three days after mailing by the party giving such notice. The Company shall cause the transfer agent to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain current addresses of the Holders.

 

(c) Successors and Assigns . This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of each of the parties hereto, including the Holders. The Company agrees that the Holders shall be parties to the agreements made hereunder and shall be entitled to the benefits and subject to the obligations hereof, and the Company and each Holder shall have the right to enforce such agreements directly to the extent it deems such enforcement necessary or advisable to protect its rights hereunder.

 

20


(d) Stock Legend . In addition to any other legend that may appear on the stock certificates evidencing the Registrable Shares, for so long as any Shares remain Registrable Shares each stock certificate evidencing such Registrable Shares shall contain a legend to the following effect: “THE SHARES EVIDENCED BY THIS CERTIFICATE ARE SUBJECT TO AND ENTITLED TO THE BENEFITS OF A CERTAIN REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT, DATED JUNE 4, 2004”.

 

(e) Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

 

(f) Governing Law . THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AS APPLIED TO CONTRACTS MADE AND PERFORMED WITHIN THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE NONEXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT OF NEW YORK OR ANY OTHER NEW YORK STATE COURT SITTING IN NEW YORK IN RESPECT OF ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, AND IRREVOCABLY ACCEPTS FOR ITSELF AND IN RESPECT OF ITS PROPERTY, GENERALLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY, THE JURISDICTION OF THE AFORESAID COURTS. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT IT MAY EFFECTIVELY DO SO UNDER APPLICABLE LAW, ANY OBJECTION THAT IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF THE VENUE OF ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BROUGHT IN ANY SUCH COURT AND ANY CLAIM THAT ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BROUGHT IN ANY SUCH COURT HAS BEEN BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM.

 

(g) Severability . If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties hereto that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.

 

(h) Entire Agreement . This Agreement, together with the Purchase Agreement, is intended by the parties hereto as a final expression of their agreement, and is intended to be a complete and exclusive statement of the agreement and understanding of the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein and therein.

 

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(i) Registrable Shares Held by the Company or its Affiliates . Whenever the consent or approval of Holders of a specified percentage of Registrable Shares is required hereunder, Registrable Shares held by the Company or its Affiliates shall not be counted in determining whether such consent or approval was given by the Holders of such required percentage.

 

(j) Survival . This Agreement is intended to survive the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement. The indemnification and contribution obligations under Section 6 of this Agreement shall survive the termination of the Company’s obligations under Section 2 of this Agreement.

 

(k) Headings . The headings in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the provisions of this Agreement. All references made in this Agreement to “Section” refer to such Section of this Agreement, unless expressly stated otherwise.

 

(l) Attorneys’ Fees . In any Proceeding brought to enforce any provision of this Agreement, or where any provision hereof is validly asserted as a defense, the prevailing party, as determined by the court, shall be entitled to recover its reasonable attorneys’ fees in addition to any other available remedy.

 

[Signatures on the Following Page]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.

 

JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.
By:  

/s/ Tae-Sik Yoon

Name:

 

Tae-Sik Yoon

Its:

 

Executive Vice President

JER COMMERCIAL DEBT ADVISORS LLC
By:  

/s/ Daniel T Ward

Name:

 

Daniel T. Ward

Its:

 

Senior Managing Director

FRIEDMAN, BILLINGS, RAMSEY & CO., INC.
By:  

/s/ James R. Kleeblatt

Name:

 

James R. Kleeblatt

Its:

 

Senior Managing Director

 

23

Exhibit 10.1

 


 

MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT

 

by and between

 

JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

 

and

 

JER COMMERCIAL DEBT ADVISORS LLC

 

Dated as of June 4 , 2004

 



MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT, dated as of June 4, 2004, by and between JER INVESTORS TRUST INC., a Maryland corporation (the “Company” ), and JER COMMERCIAL DEBT ADVISORS LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Manager” ).

 

W I T N E S S E T H:

 

WHEREAS, the Company is a newly formed corporation which intends to invest primarily in a diversified portfolio of commercial mortgage backed securities and other related loans issued in connection with securitizations and expects to qualify for the tax benefits accorded by Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”); and

 

WHEREAS, the Company desires to retain the Manager to manage the business and investment affairs of the Company, subject to the direction and oversight of the Board of Directors (as defined below) and to perform certain services for the Company in the manner and on the terms set forth herein;

 

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and agreements hereinafter set forth, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

 

Section 1. Definitions The following terms shall have the meanings set forth in this Section 1(a):

 

“Affiliate” : (i) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with such other Person, (ii) any officer or general partner of such other Person, and (iii) any legal entity for which such Person acts as an executive officer or general partner.

 

“Agreement” : this Management Agreement, as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

 

“Base Management Fee” : the base management fee, calculated and paid monthly in arrears, in an amount equal to one-twelfth of (i) 2.0% of the first $400 million of Equity, (ii) 1.5% of Equity in excess of $400 million and up to $800 million and (iii) 1.25% of Equity in excess of $800 million.

 

“Board of Directors” : the board of directors of the Company.

 

“Business Day ”: any day except a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York are not required to be open.

 

“Change in Control of the Manager” : shall be deemed to have occurred: (a) if any Person, other than Joseph E. Robert, Jr. (or his estate, heirs, testamentary trusts, executor, administrator, committee or other personal representative) or any Affiliate of the Manager, the Company or J.E. Robert Company, Inc., becomes the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Manager representing more than 50% of the aggregate voting power of all classes of the Manager’s then outstanding voting securities

 


or (b) upon approval by all requisite parties of (i) a plan of merger, consolidation, share exchange or similar transaction between the Manager and an entity (other than an Affiliate of J.E. Robert Company, Inc. that executes this Agreement and agrees to bound by the provisions hereof), or (ii) a proposal with respect to the sale, lease, exchange or other disposal of all, or substantially all, of the Manager’s assets to an entity (other than an Affiliate of J.E. Robert Company, Inc. that executes this Agreement and agrees to be bound by the provisions hereof).

 

“Closing Date” : the date of closing of the Initial Private Offering.

 

“Common Stock” : the common stock, par value $0.01, of the Company.

 

“Conduit CMBS” : commercial mortgage backed securities and other related loans issued in connection with a Conduit Securitization.

 

“Conduit Securitization” : any transaction involving the issuance of commercial mortgage backed securities collateralized primarily by newly originated loans (i) issued for the purpose of securitizations, (ii) with fixed interest rates and maturities of 7 to 10 years and (iii) with loan-to-value ratios generally averaging approximately 75% and debt service coverage ratios generally averaging 1.25 based on net cash flow from the underlying real estate, all as reasonably determined by the Manager, acting in good faith.

 

“Equity ”: for purposes of calculating the Base Management Fee, Equity equals the month-end value, computed in accordance with GAAP, of the Company’s stockholders’ equity, adjusted to exclude the effect of any unrealized gains, losses or other items that do not affect realized net income.

 

“Funds From Operations ”: net income (computed in accordance with GAAP) excluding gains (or losses) from debt restructuring and sales of property, plus depreciation and amortization on real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. For purposes of calculating the Incentive Fee, Funds From Operations may be adjusted by a unanimous vote of the Unaffiliated Directors to exclude special one time events such as changes in GAAP pronouncements or other significant non-cash items.

 

“GAAP ”: means generally accepted accounting principles in effect in the U.S. on the date such principles are applied, consistently applied.

 

“Governing Instruments” : the articles of incorporation and bylaws in the case of a corporation, the partnership agreement in the case of a partnership or the certificate of formation and operating agreement in the case of a limited liability company.

 

“Incentive Fee” : an incentive management fee payable each fiscal quarter in an amount, not less than zero, equal to the product of: (i) 25% of the dollar amount by which (a) Funds From Operations of the Company for such quarter per share of Common Stock (based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding for such quarter) exceed (b) an amount equal to (1) the weighted average of the price per share of Common Stock issued in the Initial Private Offering and the prices per share of Common Stock issued in

 

2


any subsequent offerings by the Company multiplied by (2) the greater of (A) 2.25% and (B) .875% plus one fourth of the Ten-Year U.S. Treasury Rate for such quarter, multiplied by (ii) the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during such quarter.

 

“Initial Private Offering” : the sale by the Company to Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc., as initial purchaser and placement agent, on June 4, 2004, of up to 11,500,000 shares of common stock in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

“JER” : J.E. Robert Company, Inc., the parent of the Manager.

 

“Other Services” : services provided by the Manager or its Affiliates to the Company, including (i) due diligence and acquisition related services on assets acquired or considered for acquisition by the Company and (ii) legal, accounting, leasing, development, financial advisory, information and technology, administration, human resources, appraisal, environmental, structural or asset management services, loan servicing, master or special servicing, property management services or securitization services with respect to assets acquired by the Company, in each case subject to the direction and oversight of the Board of Directors.

 

“Person” : any natural person, corporation, partnership, association, limited liability company or any other legal entity.

 

“Subsidiary” : any subsidiary of the Company and any partnership, the general partner of which is the Company or any subsidiary of the Company.

 

“Ten Year U.S. Treasury Rate” : the arithmetic average of the weekly average yield to maturity for actively traded current coupon U.S. Treasury fixed interest rate securities (adjusted to constant maturities of ten years) published by the Federal Reserve Board during a quarter, or, if such rate is not published by the Federal Reserve Board, any Federal Reserve Bank or agency or department of the federal government selected by the Company. If the Company determines in good faith that the Ten Year U.S. Treasury Rate cannot be calculated as provided above, then the rate shall be the arithmetic average of the per annum average yields to maturities, based upon closing asked prices on each Business Day during a quarter, for each actively traded marketable U.S. Treasury fixed interest rate security with a final maturity date not less than eight nor more than twelve years from the date of the closing asked prices as chosen and quoted for each Business Day in each such quarter in New York City by at least three recognized dealers in U.S. government securities selected by the Company.

 

“Termination Fee” : a termination fee equal to four times the sum of the Base Management Fee and the Incentive Fee in the 12 months preceding the date of termination, calculated as of the end of the last fiscal quarter prior to the date of termination.

 

“Unaffiliated Director” : a member of the Board of Directors who is not an Affiliate of the Manager.

 

3


(a) As used herein, accounting terms relating to the Company and its Subsidiaries not defined in Section 1(a) and accounting terms partly defined in Section 1(a), to the extent not defined, shall have the respective meanings given to them under United States generally accepted accounting principles.

 

(b) The words “hereof”, “herein” and “hereunder” and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement, and Section references are to this Agreement unless otherwise specified.

 

(c) The meanings given to terms defined herein shall be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of such terms. The words include, includes and including shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation”.

 

Section 2. Appointment and Duties of the Manager The Company hereby appoints the Manager to manage the assets of the Company subject to the further terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and the Manager hereby agrees to use its commercially reasonable efforts to perform each of the duties set forth herein.

 

(b) The Manager at all times will be subject to the supervision and direction of the Board of Directors and will have only such functions and authority as the Company may delegate to it. The Manager will be responsible for providing the following investment advisory services relating to the assets and operations of the Company as may be appropriate:

 

(i) serving as the Company’s consultant with respect to the formulation of investment criteria and preparation of policy guidelines for approval by the Board of Directors;

 

(ii) counseling the Company in connection with policy decisions to be made by the Board of Directors;

 

(iii) investigating, analyzing and selecting potential investment opportunities for the Company;

 

(iv) serving as the Company’s consultant with respect to the evaluation, purchase, origination, negotiation, structuring, monitoring, and disposition of investments by the Company, including the accumulation of assets for securitization;

 

(v) serving as the Company’s consultant with respect to decisions regarding any financings, securitizations, hedging activities or borrowings undertaken by the Company or its Subsidiaries;

 

(vi) serving as the Company’s consultant with respect to arranging for the issuance of mortgage backed securities from pools of mortgage loans or mortgage backed securities owned by the Company;

 

(vii) making available to the Company its knowledge and experience with respect to real estate, real estate related assets and real estate operating companies;

 

4


(viii) coordinating and supervising, on behalf of the Company and at the Company’s expense, independent contractors which provide real estate brokerage, legal, accounting, transfer agent, registrar and leasing services, master servicing, special servicing, mortgage brokerage, securities brokerage, banking, investment banking and other financial services and such other services as may be required relating to the investments or potential investments of the Company;

 

(ix) coordinating and supervising, on behalf of the Company and at the Company’s expense, other service providers to the Company; and

 

(x) providing certain general management services to the Company relating to the day-to-day operations and administration of the Company (including, e.g. , communicating with the holders of the equity and debt securities of the Company as required to satisfy the reporting and other requirements of any governing bodies or agencies and to maintain effective relations with such holders, causing the Company to qualify to do business in all applicable jurisdictions, complying with all regulatory requirements applicable to the Company in respect of its business activities, including preparing all financial statements required under applicable regulations and contractual undertakings and all reports and documents, if any, required under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and causing the Company to comply with all applicable laws).

 

Section 3. Additional Activities of the Manager (a) Except as provided in the last sentence of this Section 3(a) and subject to the provisions of the JER Conflicts of Interests Policy (attached hereto as Exhibit B), as the same may be amended from time to time in the sole discretion of JER, nothing in this Agreement shall (i) prevent the Manager or any of its Affiliates, officers, directors or employees, from engaging in other businesses or from rendering services of any kind to any other Person or entity, including, without limitation, investing in, or rendering advisory services to others investing in, any type of Conduit CMBS or other mortgage loans (including, without limitation, investments that meet the principal investment objectives of the Company), whether or not the investment objectives or policies of any such other Person or entity are similar to those of the Company or (ii) in any way bind or restrict the Manager or any of its Affiliates, officers, directors or employees from buying, selling or trading any securities or commodities for their own accounts or for the account of others for whom the Manager or any of its Affiliates, officers, directors or employees may be acting. While information and recommendations supplied to the Company shall, in the Manager’s reasonable and good faith judgment, be appropriate under the circumstances and in light of the investment objectives and policies of the Company, they may be different from the information and recommendations supplied by the Manager or any Affiliate of the Manager to other investment companies, funds and advisory accounts. The Company shall be entitled to equitable treatment under the circumstances in receiving information, recommendations and any other services, but the Company recognizes that it is not entitled to receive preferential treatment as compared with the treatment given by the Manager or any Affiliate of the Manager to any investment company, fund or advisory account other than any fund or advisory account which contains only funds invested by the Manager, its Affiliates (and not any funds of any of their clients or customers) or their officers and directors. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 3(a), the Manager hereby agrees that neither the Manager nor any entity controlled by the Manager shall

 

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raise, sponsor or advise any new investment fund, company or vehicle (including any REIT) that invests primarily in Conduit CMBS and other related loan products in the United States. The Company shall have the benefit of the Manager’s best judgment and effort in rendering services hereunder and, in furtherance of the foregoing, the Manager shall not undertake activities that, in its good faith judgment, will adversely affect the performance of its obligations under this Agreement.

 

(b) Directors, officers, employees and agents of the Manager or Affiliates of the Manager may serve as directors, officers, employees, agents, nominees or signatories for the Company or any Subsidiary, to the extent permitted by their Governing Instruments, as from time to time amended, or by any resolutions duly adopted by the Board of Directors pursuant to the Company’s Governing Instruments. When executing documents or otherwise acting in such capacities for the Company, such Persons shall use their respective titles in the Company.

 

(c) The Manager is authorized, for and on behalf, and at the sole cost and expense of the Company, to employ such securities dealers for the purchase and sale of investment assets of the Company as may, in the good faith judgment of the Manager, be necessary to obtain the best commercially available net results for the Company taking into account such factors as the policies of the Company, price, dealer spread, the size, type and difficulty of the transaction involved, the firm’s general execution and operational facilities and the firm’s risk in positioning the securities involved. Consistent with this policy, the Manager is authorized to direct the execution of the Company’s portfolio transactions to dealers and brokers furnishing statistical information or research deemed by the Manager to be useful or valuable to the performance of its investment advisory functions for the Company.

 

(d) The Company (including the Board of Directors) agrees to take all actions reasonably required to permit and enable the Manager to carry out its duties and obligations under this Agreement, including, without limitation, all steps reasonably necessary to allow the Manager to file any registration statement on behalf of the Company in a timely manner. The Company further agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to make available to the Manager all resources, information and materials reasonably requested by the Manager to enable the Manager to satisfy its obligations hereunder, including its obligations to deliver financial statements and any other information or reports with respect to the Company. If the Manager is not able to provide a service, or in the reasonable judgment of the Manager it is not prudent to provide a service, without the approval of the Board of Directors or the Unaffiliated Directors, as applicable, then the Manager shall be excused from providing such service (and shall not be in breach of this Agreement) until the applicable approval has been obtained.

 

Section 4. Bank Accounts At the direction of the Board of Directors, the Manager may establish and maintain one or more bank accounts in the name of the Company or any Subsidiary, and may collect and deposit into any such account or accounts, and disburse funds from any such account or accounts, under such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors may approve; and the Manager shall from time to time render appropriate accountings of such collections and payments to the Board of Directors and, upon request, to the auditors of the Company or any Subsidiary.

 

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Section 5. Records; Confidentiality The Manager shall maintain appropriate books of accounts and records relating to services performed hereunder, and such books of account and records shall be accessible for inspection by representatives of the Company or any Subsidiary at any time during normal business hours. The Manager shall keep confidential any and all non-public information, written or oral, obtained by it in connection with the services rendered hereunder ( “Confidential Information” ) and shall not disclose Confidential Information, in whole or in part, to any Person other than to its Affiliates, officers, directors, employees, agents or representatives (collectively, “Representatives” ) who need to know such Confidential Information for the purpose of rendering services hereunder or with the consent of the Company. The Manager agrees to inform each of its Representatives of the non-public nature of the Confidential Information and to direct such Persons to treat such Confidential Information in accordance with the terms hereof. Nothing herein shall prevent the Manager from disclosing Confidential Information (i) upon the order of any court or administrative agency, (ii) upon the request or demand of, or pursuant to any law or regulation, any regulatory agency or authority, (iii) to the extent reasonably required in connection with the exercise of any remedy hereunder, or (iv) to its legal counsel or independent auditors; provided, however that with respect to clauses (i) and (ii), it is agreed that the Manager will provide the Company with prompt written notice of such order, request or demand so that the Company may seek an appropriate protective order and/or waive the Manager’s compliance with the provisions of this Agreement. If, failing the entry of a protective order or the receipt of a waiver hereunder, the Manager is, in the opinion of counsel, required to disclose Confidential Information, the Manager may disclose only that portion of such information that its counsel advises is legally required without liability hereunder; provided, that the Manager agrees to exercise its best efforts to obtain reliable assurance that confidential treatment will be accorded such information. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, each of the following shall be deemed to be excluded from provisions hereof: any Confidential Information that (A) is available to the public from a source other than the Manager, (B) is released in writing by the Company to the public or to persons who are not under similar obligation of confidentiality to the Company, or (C) is obtained by the Manager from a third-party without breach by such third-party of an obligation of confidence with respect to the Confidential Information disclosed.

 

Section 6. Obligations of the Manager The Manager shall take such action as it deems necessary or appropriate with regard to the protection of the Company’s investments. The Manager agrees to act in accordance with the terms of the Company’s guidelines (the “ Guidelines ”), a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit A. The Manager acknowledges that the Company intends to conduct its operations so as not to become regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “ Investment Company Act ”) and agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate with its efforts to conduct its operations so as not to become regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. The Manager acknowledges that the Company intends to elect to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (a “ REIT ”) and agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate with its efforts to conduct its operations to qualify as a REIT. The Manager shall refrain from any action that, in its sole judgment made in good faith, would adversely affect the status of the Company as an entity that is not regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, would adversely affect the status of the Company as a REIT or that, in its sole judgment made in good faith, would violate any law, rule or regulation of any governmental body or agency having jurisdiction over the Company or any Subsidiary or that

 

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would otherwise not be permitted by the Company’s or a Subsidiary’s Governing Instruments. If the Manager is ordered to take any action by the Board of Directors, the Manager shall promptly notify the Board of Directors if it is the Manager’s judgment that such action would adversely affect such status or violate any such law, rule or regulation or the Governing Instruments. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Manager, its directors, officers, stockholders and employees shall not be liable to the Company, any Subsidiary, the Unaffiliated Directors, or the Company’s or a Subsidiary’s stockholders or partners for any act or omission by the Manager, its directors, officers, stockholders or employees except as provided in Section 9 of this Agreement.

 

(b) The Manager shall not (i) consummate any transaction that would involve the acquisition by the Company of an asset in which the Manager or any of its Affiliates has an ownership interest, or the sale by the Company of an asset to the Manager or any of its Affiliates, or (ii) under circumstances where the Manager is subject to an actual or potential conflict of interest because it manages both the Company and another Person with which the Company has a contractual relationship, take any action constituting the granting to such Person of a waiver, forbearance or other relief, or the enforcement against such Person of remedies, under or with respect to the applicable contract, unless such transaction or action, as the case may be, is approved by all of the Unaffiliated Directors.

 

(c) Except with respect to allocations of investments made pursuant to the Conflicts Policy in effect with respect to the Company and JER Fund III or other Affiliates of the Company, the Company shall not otherwise invest in joint ventures with the Manager or any of its Affiliates, unless (i) such investment is made in accordance with the Guidelines and (ii) such investment is approved by all of the Unaffiliated Directors.

 

(d) The Manager shall at all times maintain a tangible net worth equal to or greater than $250,000. In addition, the Manager shall maintain “errors and omissions” insurance coverage and other insurance coverage that is customarily carried by property and asset and investment managers performing functions similar to those provided by the Manager under this Agreement with respect to assets similar to assets of the Company, in an amount that is comparable to that customarily maintained by other managers or servicers of similar assets.

 

Section 7. Compensation (a) For the services rendered under this Agreement, the Company shall pay to the Manager the Base Management Fee and the Incentive Fee.

 

(b) The parties acknowledge that the Base Management Fee is intended to compensate the Manager for the costs and expenses of its executive officers and employees and any related overhead incurred in providing to the Company the investment advisory services and certain general management services rendered under this Agreement.

 

(c) The Manager will not receive any compensation for the period prior to the Closing Date other than expenses incurred and reimbursed pursuant to the provisions of Section 8 hereunder.

 

(d) The Base Management Fee shall be payable in arrears in cash, in monthly installments, and the Manager shall calculate each installment thereof, and deliver such

 

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calculation to the Board of Directors, within fifteen (15) days following the last day of each calendar month. The Company shall pay the Manager each installment of the Base Management Fee (each, a “Management Fee Payment”) within twenty (20) days following the last day of the calendar month with respect to which such Management Fee Payment is payable.

 

(e) The Manager shall compute each installment of the Incentive Fee within 15 days after the end of the calendar quarter with respect to which such installment is payable. A copy of the computations made by the Manager to calculate such installment shall thereafter promptly be delivered to the Board of Directors and, upon such delivery, payment of such installment of the Incentive Fee shown therein shall be due and payable no later than the earlier to occur of (i) the date which is 20 days after the end of the calendar quarter with respect to which such installment is payable and (ii) the date which is two (2) business days after the date of delivery to the Board of Directors of such computations.

 

Section 8. Expenses of the Company; Other Services (a) The Manager shall be responsible for employment expenses of the JER employees dedicated to the Manager (including the officers of the Company which are also JER employees dedicated to the Manager), including, without limitation, salaries, wages, payroll taxes and the cost of employee benefit plans of such personnel.

 

(b) The Company shall pay all of the costs and expenses of the Company, excepting only those expenses that are specifically the responsibility of the Manager pursuant to Section 8(a) of this Agreement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, it is specifically agreed that the following costs and expenses of the Company or any Subsidiary shall be paid by the Company and shall not be paid by the Manager and/or the Affiliates of the Manager:

 

(i) all costs and expenses associated with the formation and capital raising activities of the Company and its subsidiaries, including, without limitation, the costs and expenses of any 144A transaction or private placement by the Company, the preparation of the Company’s registration statements, any and all costs and expenses of an initial public offering of the Company, any subsequent offerings and any filing fees and costs of being a public company, including, without limitation, filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. and the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. (and any other exchange or over-the-counter market), among other such entities;

 

(ii) all costs and expenses in connection with the acquisition, disposition, development, protection, maintenance, financing, hedging, administration and ownership of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s investment assets, including, without limitation, costs and expenses incurred in contracting with third parties, including Affiliates of the Manager, to provide such services, such as legal fees, accounting fees, consulting fees, trustee fees, appraisal fees, insurance premiums, commitment fees, brokerage fees, guaranty fees, ad valorem taxes, costs of foreclosure, maintenance, repair and improvement of property and premiums for insurance on property owned by the Company or any Subsidiary;

 

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(iii) all legal, audit, accounting, underwriting, brokerage, listing, filing, custodian, rating agency, registration and other fees and charges, printing, engraving, clerical, personnel and other expenses and taxes incurred in connection with the issuance, distribution, transfer, registration and stock exchange listing of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s equity securities or debt securities;

 

(iv) all costs and expenses in connection with legal, accounting, due diligence, asset management, securitization, property management, leasing tasks and other services performed by the Manager’s employees or Affiliates that outside professionals or outside consultants otherwise would perform;

 

(v) all expenses of third parties relating to communications to holders of equity securities or debt securities issued by the Company or any Subsidiary and the other bookkeeping and clerical work necessary in maintaining relations with holders of such securities and in complying with the continuous reporting and other requirements of governmental bodies or agencies, including any costs of computer services in connection with this function, the cost of printing and mailing certificates for such securities and proxy solicitation materials and reports to holders of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s securities and reports to third parties required under any indenture to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party;

 

(vi) all costs and expenses of money borrowed by the Company or its Subsidiaries, including, without limitation, principal, interest and the costs associated with the establishment and maintenance of any credit facilities, warehouse loans and other indebtedness of the Company and its Subsidiaries (including commitment fees, legal fees, closing and other costs);

 

(vii) all taxes and license fees applicable to the Company or any Subsidiary, including interest and penalties thereon;

 

(viii) all fees paid to and expenses of third-party advisors and independent contractors, consultants, managers and other agents engaged by the Company or any Subsidiary or by the Manager for the account of the Company or any Subsidiary and all employment expenses of the personnel employed by the Company or any Subsidiary (excluding any personnel which are also employed by the Manager), including, without limitation, the salaries, wages, equity based compensation of such personnel, payroll taxes and the incremental cost for administering employee benefit plans of the Manager which are used by such personnel;

 

(ix) all insurance costs incurred by the Company or any Subsidiary, including, without limitation, any costs to obtain liability or other insurance to indemnify the Manager and underwriters of any securities of the Company;

 

(x) all costs and expenses relating to the acquisition of, and maintenance and upgrades to, the Company’s portfolio accounting systems;

 

(xi) all compensation and fees paid to directors of the Company or any Subsidiary (excluding those directors who are also employees of the Manager), all

 

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expenses of directors of the Company or any Subsidiary (including those directors who are also employees of the Manager), the cost of directors and officers liability insurance and premiums for errors and omissions insurance, and any other insurance deemed necessary or advisable by the Board of Directors for the benefit of the Company and its directors and officers (including those directors who are also employees of the Manager);

 

(xii) all third-party legal, accounting and auditing fees and expenses and other similar services relating to the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s operations (including, without limitation, all quarterly and annual audit or tax fees and expenses);

 

(xiii) all legal, expert and other fees and expenses relating to any actions, proceedings, lawsuits, demands, causes of action and claims, whether actual or threatened, made by or against the Company, or which the Company is authorized or obligated to pay under applicable law or its Governing Instruments or by the Board of Directors;

 

(xiv) any judgment or settlement of pending or threatened proceedings (whether civil, criminal or otherwise) against the Company or any Subsidiary, or against any trustee, director or officer of the Company or any Subsidiary in his capacity as such for which the Company or any Subsidiary is required to indemnify such trustee, director or officer by any court or governmental agency, or settlement of pending or threatened proceedings;

 

(xv) all travel and related expenses of directors, officers and employees of the Company and the Manager, incurred in connection with attending meetings of the Board of Directors or holders of securities of the Company or any Subsidiary or performing other business activities that relate to the Company or any Subsidiary, including, without limitations, travel and expenses incurred in connection with the purchase, consideration for purchase, financing, refinancing, sale or other disposition of any investment or potential investment of the Company; provided, however, that the Company shall only be responsible for a proportionate share of such expenses, as determined by the Manager in good faith, where such expenses were not incurred solely for the benefit of the Company;

 

(xvi) all expenses of organizing, modifying or dissolving the Company or any Subsidiary and costs preparatory to entering into a business or activity, or of winding up or disposing of a business activity of the Company or its Subsidiaries;

 

(xvii) all expenses relating to payments of dividends or interest or distributions in cash or any other form made or caused to be made by the Board of Directors to or on account of holders of the securities of the Company or any Subsidiary, including, without limitation, in connection with any dividend reinvestment plan;

 

(xviii) all expenses relating to any office or office facilities maintained by the Company or any Subsidiary, exclusive of the main office of the Manager, including, without limitation, rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office expenses for any persons employed by the Company;

 

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(xix) all costs and expenses related to the design and maintenance of the Company’s web site or sites and associated with any computer software or hardware that is used primarily for the Company;

 

(xx) all other expenses actually incurred by the Manager or its Affiliates or their respective officers, employees, representatives or agents, or any Affiliates thereof, which are reasonably necessary for the performance by the Manager of its duties and functions under this Agreement (including, without limitation, any fees or expenses relating to the Company’s compliance with all governmental and regulatory matters);

 

(xxi) the Company’s pro rata portion of rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead expenses of the Manager and its Affiliates required for the Company’s operations, which for the first twelve (12) months from the date hereof shall not exceed $1.2 million; and

 

(xxii) all other expenses of the Company or any Subsidiary that are not the responsibility of the Manager under Section 8(a) of this Agreement.

 

(c) The Company may engage the Manager or its Affiliates to provide the Other Services. The Manager or its Affiliates shall be paid or reimbursed for the costs of providing the Other Services; provided that such costs and reimbursements are at costs no greater than would be paid to outside professionals, consultants or other third parties on an arm’s length basis. Such arrangements may also be made using an income sharing arrangement such as a joint venture. Payment or reimbursement in connection with the provision of Other Services by the Manager or its Affiliates to the Company shall generally be payable monthly within 10 days after receipt of a statement prepared by the Manager documenting the payments, costs and reimbursements.

 

(d) Costs and expenses incurred by the Manager on behalf of the Company shall be reimbursed monthly to the Manager. The Manager shall prepare a written statement in reasonable detail documenting the costs and expenses of the Company and those incurred by the Manager on behalf of the Company during each month, and shall deliver such written statement to the Company, with a copy to the Board of Directors of the Company, within thirty (30) days after the end of each month. The Company shall pay all amounts payable to the Manager pursuant to this Section 8(d) within three (3) business days after the receipt of the written statement without demand, deduction, offset or delay. Cost and expense reimbursement to the Manager shall be subject to adjustment at the end of each calendar year in connection with the annual audit of the Company.

 

Section 9. Limits of the Manager’s Responsibility The Manager assumes no responsibility under this Agreement other than to render the services called for hereunder in good faith and shall not be responsible for any action of the Board of Directors in following or declining to follow any advice or recommendations of the Manager, including as set forth in Section 6 of this Agreement. The Manager and its Affiliates, and the directors, officers, employees and stockholders of the Manager and its Affiliates will not be liable to the Company, any Subsidiary, the Unaffiliated Directors, the Company’s stockholders or any Subsidiary’s stockholders for any acts or omissions performed in accordance with and pursuant to this

 

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Agreement, except by reason of acts constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard of their duties under this Agreement. The Company or a Subsidiary shall reimburse, indemnify and hold harmless the Manager, its Affiliates, and the directors, officers, employees and stockholders of the Manager and its Affiliates of and from any and all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims of any nature whatsoever, (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) (collectively “Losses”) in respect of or arising from any acts or omissions of the Manager, its Affiliates, and the directors, officers, employees and stockholders of the Manager and its Affiliates performed in good faith under this Agreement and not constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its duties.

 

(b) The Manager shall reimburse, indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its Affiliates, and the directors, officers, employees and stockholders of the Company and its Affiliates, of and from any and all Losses in respect of or arising from the Manager’s bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard for its duties under this Agreement.

 

Section 10. No Joint Venture The Company and the Manager are not partners or joint venturers with each other and nothing herein shall be construed to make them such partners or joint venturers or impose any liability as such on either of them.

 

Section 11. Term; Termination Without Cause; Unfair Compensation (a) Initial Term . This Agreement shall become effective on the Closing Date and shall continue in operation, unless terminated in accordance with the terms hereof, until the second anniversary of the Closing Date (the “Initial Term” ).

 

(b) Automatic Renewal Terms . After the Initial Term, this Agreement shall be deemed renewed automatically each year for an additional one-year period (an “Automatic Renewal Term”) unless the Company or the Manager terminates the Agreement in accordance with Section 11(c) of this Agreement.

 

(c) Termination or Nonrenewal of the Manager Without Cause . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement to the contrary, after the expiration of the Initial Term and upon 180 days’ prior written notice to the Manager (the “ Company Termination Notice ”), the Company may, without cause, (i) terminate this Agreement or (ii) in connection with the expiration of the Initial Term or any Automatic Renewal Term, decline to renew this Agreement (any such termination or nonrenewal, a “ Termination Without Cause ”); provided that the Company shall be obligated to pay the Manager the Termination Fee within 90 days of a Termination Without Cause. In the Company Termination Notice, the Company shall specify the date, not less than 180 days from the date of the Company Termination Notice, on which this Agreement shall terminate (the “ Effective Termination Date ”). In the event of a Termination Without Cause, such termination or nonrenewal shall be without any further liability or obligation of either party to the other, except as provided in Section 14 of this Agreement.

 

(d) Unfair Manager Compensation. The Company may terminate this Agreement or in connection with the expiration of the Initial Term or any Automatic Renewal Term decline to renew this Agreement for any reason in accordance with the terms and provisions of Section 11(c). If such reason arises from a decision made by a majority vote of the Unaffiliated Directors that the Base Management Fee payable to the Manager is unfair, the

 

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Company shall not have the foregoing termination right in the event the Manager agrees to continue to perform its duties hereunder at a fee that the Unaffiliated Directors determine to be fair; provided, however, the Manager shall have the right to renegotiate the Management Fee by delivering to the Company, not less than 120 days prior to the pending Effective Termination Date, written notice (a “Notice of Proposal to Negotiate” ) of its intention to renegotiate the Base Management Fee. Thereupon, the Company and the Manager shall endeavor to negotiate the Base Management Fee in good faith. Provided that the Company and the Manager agree to a revised Base Management Fee (or other compensation structure) within sixty (60) days following the Company’s receipt of the Notice of Proposal to Negotiate, the Company Termination Notice shall be deemed of no force and effect, and this Agreement shall continue in full force and effect on the terms stated herein, except that the Base Management Fee (or other compensation structure) shall be the revised Base Management Fee (or other compensation structure) then agreed upon by the Company and the Manager. The Company and the Manager agree to execute and deliver an amendment to this Agreement setting forth such revised Base Management Fee (or other compensation structure) promptly upon reaching an agreement regarding same. In the event that the Company and the Manager are unable to agree to a revised Base Management Fee (or other compensation structure) during such sixty (60) day period, this Agreement shall terminate on the Effective Termination Date. The Company’s obligation to pay the Termination Fee set forth in Section 11(c) shall survive the termination of this Agreement.

 

Section 12. Assignments This Agreement may not be assigned (within the meaning of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder) by either party hereto, in whole or in part, and shall terminate automatically (without the payment of the Termination Fee if the termination is the result of an assignment by the Manager) in the event of any such assignment, unless such assignment is consented to in writing by the other party; provided , however , that the Manager may delegate to one or more of its Affiliates performance of any of its responsibilities hereunder so long as it remains liable for any such Affiliate’s performance.

 

Section 13. Termination of the Manager for Cause At the option of the Company and at any time during the term of this Agreement, this Agreement shall be and become terminated upon 60 days’ written notice of termination from the Board of Directors to the Manager, without payment of the Termination Fee, if any of the following events shall occur:

 

(i) the Manager shall commit a material breach of any provision of this Agreement (including the failure of the Manager to use reasonable efforts to comply with the Company’s investment policy and guidelines), which such material breach continues uncured for a period of 60 days after written notice of such breach;

 

(ii) the Manager shall commit any act of fraud, misappropriation of funds, or embezzlement against the Company in its corporate capacity (as distinguished from the acts of any employees of the Manager which are taken without the complicity of the board of directors or executive officers of the Manager) or shall be grossly negligent in the performance of its duties under this Agreement;

 

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(iii) (A) the Manager shall commence any case, proceeding or other action (1) under any existing or future law of any jurisdiction, domestic or foreign, relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or relief of debtors, seeking to have an order for relief entered with respect to it, or seeking to adjudicate it a bankrupt or insolvent, or seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, winding-up, liquidation, dissolution, composition or other relief with respect to it or its debts, or (2) seeking appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian, conservator or other similar official for it or for all or any substantial part of its assets, or the Manager shall make a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or (B) there shall be commenced against the Manager any case, proceeding or other action of a nature referred to in clause (A) above which (1) results in the entry of an order for relief or any such adjudication or appointment or (2) remains undismissed, undischarged or unbonded for a period of 90 days; or (C) the Manager shall take any action in furtherance of, or indicating its consent to, approval of, or acquiescence in, any of the acts set forth in clause (A) or (B) above; or (D) the Manager shall generally not, or shall be unable to, or shall admit in writing its inability to, pay its debts as they become due; or

 

(iv) upon a Change of Control in the Manager.

 

If any of the events specified in the preceding clause (ii) shall occur, the Manager shall give prompt written notice thereof to the Board of Directors.

 

Section 14. Action Upon Termination From and after the effective date of termination of this Agreement pursuant to Sections 11, 12, or 13 of this Agreement, the Manager shall not be entitled to compensation for further services hereunder, but shall be paid all compensation accruing to the date of termination and, if terminated or not renewed, pursuant to Section 11, the Termination Fee. Upon any such termination, the Manager shall forthwith:

 

(a) after deducting any accrued compensation and reimbursement for its expenses to which it is then entitled, pay over to the Company or a Subsidiary all money collected and held for the account of the Company or a Subsidiary pursuant to this Agreement;

 

(b) deliver to the Board of Directors a full accounting, including a statement showing all payments collected by it and a statement of all money held by it, covering the period following the date of the last accounting furnished to the Board of Directors with respect to the Company and any Subsidiaries; and

 

(c) deliver to the Board of Directors all property and documents of the Company and any Subsidiaries then in the custody of the Manager.

 

Section 15. Release of Money or Other Property Upon Written Request The Manager agrees that any money or other property of the Company (which such term, for the purposes of this Section, shall be deemed to include any and all of its Subsidiaries) held by the Manager shall be held by the Manager as custodian for the Company, and the Manager’s records shall be appropriately and clearly marked to reflect the ownership of such money or other property by the Company. Upon the receipt by the Manager of a written request signed by a

 

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duly authorized officer of the Company requesting the Manager to release to the Company any money or other property then held by the Manager for the account of the Company under this Agreement, the Manager shall release such money or other property to the Company within a reasonable period of time, but in no event later than 60 days following such request. The Manager shall not be liable to the Company, the Unaffiliated Directors, or the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s stockholders or partners for any acts or omissions by the Company in connection with the money or other property released to the Company in accordance with this Section. The Company shall indemnify the Manager, its directors, officers, stockholders, employees and agents against any and all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims of any nature whatsoever, which arise in connection with the Manager’s release of such money or other property to the Company in accordance with the terms of this Section 19. Indemnification pursuant to this provision shall be in addition to any right of the Manager to indemnification under Section 11 of this Agreement.

 

Section 16. Representations and Warranties (a) The Company hereby represents and warrants to the Manager as follows:

 

(i) The Company is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of Delaware, has the corporate power and authority and the legal right to own and operate its assets, to lease the property it operates as lessee and to conduct the business in which it is now engaged and is duly qualified as a foreign corporation and in good standing under the laws of each jurisdiction where its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except for failures to be so qualified, authorized or licensed that could not in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on the business operations, assets or financial condition of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

 

(ii) The Company has the corporate power and authority and the legal right to make, deliver and perform this Agreement and all obligations required hereunder and has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize this Agreement on the terms and conditions hereof and the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and all obligations required hereunder. No consent of any other Person, including stockholders and creditors of the Company, and no license, permit, approval or authorization of, exemption by, notice or report to, or registration, filing or declaration with, any governmental authority is required by the Company in connection with this Agreement or the execution, delivery, performance, validity or enforceability of this Agreement and all obligations required hereunder. This Agreement has been, and each instrument or document required hereunder will be, executed and delivered by a duly authorized officer of the Company, and this Agreement constitutes, and each instrument or document required hereunder when executed and delivered hereunder will constitute, the legally valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms.

 

(iii) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the documents or instruments required hereunder will not violate any provision of any existing law or regulation binding on the Company, or any order, judgment, award or decree of any court, arbitrator or governmental authority binding on the Company, or the

 

16


Governing Instruments of, or any securities issued by the Company or of any mortgage, indenture, lease, contract or other agreement, instrument or undertaking to which the Company is a party or by which the Company or any of its assets may be bound, the violation of which would have a material adverse effect on the business operations, assets or financial condition of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, and will not result in, or require, the creation or imposition of any lien or any of its property, assets or revenues pursuant to the provisions of any such mortgage, indenture, lease, contract or other agreement, instrument or undertaking.

 

(b) The Manager hereby represents and warrants to the Company as follows:

 

(i) The Manager is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of Delaware, has the limited liability company power and authority and the legal right to own and operate its assets, to lease the property it operates as lessee and to conduct the business in which it is now engaged and is duly qualified as a foreign limited liability company and in good standing under the laws of each jurisdiction where its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except for failures to be so qualified, authorized or licensed that could not in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on the business operations, assets or financial condition of the Manager and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

 

(ii) The Manager has the limited liability company power and authority and the legal right to make, deliver and perform this Agreement and all obligations required hereunder and has taken all necessary limited liability company action to authorize this Agreement on the terms and conditions hereof and the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and all obligations required hereunder. No consent of any other Person, including members and creditors of the Manager, and no license, permit, approval or authorization of, exemption by, notice or report to, or registration, filing or declaration with, any governmental authority is required by the Manager in connection with this Agreement or the execution, delivery, performance, validity or enforceability of this Agreement and all obligations required hereunder. This Agreement has been, and each instrument or document required hereunder will be, executed and delivered by a duly authorized officer of the Manager, and this Agreement constitutes, and each instrument or document required hereunder when executed and delivered hereunder will constitute, the legally valid and binding obligation of the Manager enforceable against the Manager in accordance with its terms.

 

(iii) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the documents or instruments required hereunder will not violate any provision of any existing law or regulation binding on the Manager, or any order, judgment, award or decree of any court, arbitrator or governmental authority binding on the Manager, or the Governing Instruments of, or any securities issued by the Manager or of any mortgage, indenture, lease, contract or other agreement, instrument or undertaking to which the Manager is a party or by which the Manager or any of its assets may be bound, the violation of which would have a material adverse effect on the business operations, assets or financial condition of the Manager and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, and will not result in, or require, the creation or imposition of any lien or any of its property, assets or

 

17


revenues pursuant to the provisions of any such mortgage, indenture, lease, contract or other agreement, instrument or undertaking.

 

Section 17. Miscellaneous . (a) Notices . All notices, requests and demands to or upon the respective parties hereto to be effective shall be in writing (including by telecopy), and, unless otherwise expressly provided herein, shall be deemed to have been duly given or made when delivered, or three Business Days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, or, in the case of telecopy notice, when received, addressed as follows (or to such other address as may be hereafter notified by the respective parties hereto):

 

The Company:

 

JER Investors Trust Inc.

1650 Tysons Boulevard, Suite 1600

McLean, Virginia 22102

Attention: President

Fax:

with a copy to:

 

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

4 Times Square

New York, New York 10036

Attention: David J. Goldschmidt, Esq.

Fax: (212) 735-2000

The Manager:

 

JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC

1650 Tysons Boulevard, Suite 1600

McLean, Virginia 22102

Attention: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Fax:

with a copy to:

 

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

4 Times Square

New York, New York 10036

Attention: David J. Goldschmidt, Esq.

Fax: (212) 735-2000

 

(b) Binding Nature of Agreement; Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns as provided herein.

 

(c) Integration. This Agreement contains the entire agreement and understanding among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements, understandings, inducements and conditions, express or implied, oral or written, of any nature whatsoever with respect to the subject matter hereof. The express terms hereof control and supersede any course of performance and/or usage of the trade inconsistent with any of the terms hereof.

 

(d) Amendments. This Agreement, nor any terms hereof, may not be amended, supplemented or modified except in an instrument in writing executed by the parties hereto.

 

18


(e) GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES UNDER THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

 

(f) Survival of Representations and Warranties . All representations and warranties made hereunder, and in any document, certificate or statement delivered pursuant hereto or in connection herewith shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement.

 

(g) No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies . No failure to exercise and no delay in exercising, on the part of a party hereto, any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege. The rights, remedies, powers and privileges herein provided are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights, remedies, powers and privileges provided by law.

 

(h) Costs and Expenses . Each party hereto shall bear its own costs and expenses (including the fees and disbursements of counsel and accountants) incurred in connection with the negotiations and preparation of and the closing under this Agreement, and all matter incident thereto.

 

(i) Section Headings . The section and subsection headings in this Agreement are for convenience in reference only and shall not deemed to alter or affect the interpretation of any provisions hereof.

 

(j) Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed by the parties to this Agreement on any number of separate counterparts (including by telecopy), and all of said counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument.

 

(k) Severability . Any provision of this Agreement which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

 

[rest of page intentionally left blank]

 

19


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.

 

JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

By:

 

/s/ Tae-Sik Yoon

   

Name:

 

Tae-Sik Yoon

   

Title:

 

Executive Vice President

JER COMMERCIAL DEBT ADVISORS LLC

By:

 

/s/ Daniel T. Ward

   

Name:

 

Daniel T. Ward

   

Title:

 

Senior Managing Director

 

20


 

Exhibit A

 

[Guidelines]

 

21


 

Exhibit B

 

[JER Conflicts policy]

 

22

Exhibit 10.2

 

JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

 

NONQUALIFIED STOCK OPTION AND

INCENTIVE AWARD PLAN

 

Adopted on May 27, 2004

 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          PAGE

SECTION 1

   PURPOSE OF PLAN; DEFINITIONS    1
    

1.1    Purpose

   1
    

1.2    Definitions

   1

SECTION 2

   ADMINISTRATION    5
    

2.1    Administration

   5
    

2.2    Duties and Powers of the Committee

   6
    

2.3    Majority Rule

   6
    

2.4    Compensation; Professional Assistance; Good Faith Actions

   6

SECTION 3

   STOCK SUBJECT TO PLAN    7
    

3.1    Number and Source of Shares

   7
    

3.2    Unrealized Awards

   7
    

3.3    Adjustment of Awards

   8

SECTION 4

   ELIGIBILITY    8

SECTION 5

   AWARDS    9
    

5.1    Stock Options

   9
    

5.2    Stock Appreciation Rights

   10
    

5.3    Restricted Stock

   10
    

5.4    Performance Awards

   11
    

5.5    Manager Awards

   11
    

5.6    Automatic Non-Officer Director Awards

   12
    

5.7    Other Awards

   13

SECTION 6

   AWARD AGREEMENTS    13
    

6.1    Terms of Award Agreements

   13
    

6.2    Replacement, Substitution, and Reloading

   15
    

6.3    Surrender of Options

   15

SECTION 7

   LOANS    15

SECTION 8

   AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION    16

 

i


SECTION 9

   UNFUNDED STATUS OF PLAN    17

SECTION 10

   GENERAL PROVISIONS    17
    

10.1  Securities Laws Compliance

   17
    

10.2   Certificate Legends

   17
    

10.3   Transfer Restrictions

   18
    

10.4   Company Actions; No Right to Employment

   18
    

10.5   Payment of Taxes

   18
    

10.6   Voting Rights

   18
    

10.7   Information Rights

   18

SECTION 11

   EFFECTIVE DATE OF PLAN    19

SECTION 12

   TERM OF PLAN    19

 

ii


 

JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

NONQUALIFIED STOCK OPTION AND INCENTIVE AWARD PLAN

 

SECTION 1

 

PURPOSE OF PLAN; DEFINITIONS

 

1.1 Purpose . The purpose of the Plan is (a) to reinforce the long-term commitment to the Company’s success of those Non-Officer Directors, officers, directors, employees, advisors, consultants, and other personnel who are or will be responsible for such success; to facilitate the ownership of the Company’s stock by such Persons, thereby reinforcing the identity of their interests with those of the Company’s stockholders; to assist the Company in attracting and retaining individuals with experience and ability, (b) to compensate the Manager for its successful efforts in raising capital for the Company and to provide performance-based compensation in order to provide incentive to the Manager to enhance the value of the Company’s Stock and (c) to benefit the Company’s stockholders by encouraging high levels of performance by Persons whose performance is a key element in achieving the Company’s continued success.

 

1.2 Definitions . For purposes of the Plan, the following terms shall be defined as set forth below:

 

(a) “ Affiliate ” means (i) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or in common control with such other Person, (ii) any officer or general partner of such other Person and (iii) any legal entity for which such Person acts as an executive officer or general partner.

 

(b) “ Award ” or “ Awards ” means an award described in Section 5 hereof.

 

(c) “ Award Agreement ” means an agreement described in Section 6 hereof entered into between the Company and a Participant, setting forth the terms, conditions and any limitations applicable to the Award granted to the Participant.

 

(d) “ Beneficial Owner ” shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act.

 

1


(e) “ Board ” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

 

(f) “ California Securities Law ” means the California Corporate Securities Law of 1968.

 

(g) “ Change in Control ” of the Company shall be deemed to have occurred if an event set forth in any one of the following paragraphs (i)-(iii) shall have occurred unless prior to the occurrence of such event, the Board determines that such event shall not constitute a Change in Control:

 

  (i) any Person, other than Joseph E. Robert, Jr. (or his estate, heirs, testamentary trusts, executor, administrator, committee or other personal representative) or any Affiliate of the Company or J.E. Robert Company, Inc.) is or becomes Beneficial Owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing fifty percent (50%) or more of the combined voting power of the then outstanding securities of the Company, excluding (A) any Person who becomes such a Beneficial Owner in connection with a transaction described in clause (x) of paragraph (ii) below, and (B) any Person who becomes such a Beneficial Owner through the issuance of such securities with respect to purchases made directly from the Company; or

 

  (ii)

the stockholders of the Company approve a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation or the issuance of voting securities of the Company in connection with a merger or consolidation of the Company (or any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company) pursuant to applicable stock exchange requirements, other than (x) a merger or consolidation which would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior to such merger or consolidation continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity or any parent thereof) fifty percent (50%) or more of the

 

2


 

combined voting power of the securities of the Company or such surviving entity or any parent thereof outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation, or (y) a merger or consolidation effected to implement a recapitalization of the Company (or similar transaction) in which no Person is or becomes the Beneficial Owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing thirty percent (30%) or more of the combined voting power of the then outstanding securities of the Company; or

 

  (iii) the stockholders of the Company approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company or an agreement for the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company.

 

(h) “ Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto.

 

(i) “ Commission ” means Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

(j) “ Committee ” means any committee the Board may appoint to administer the Plan. To the extent necessary and desirable, the Committee shall be composed entirely of individuals who meet the qualifications referred to in Section 162(m) of the Code and Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act. If at any time or to any extent the Board shall not administer the Plan, then the functions of the Board specified in the Plan shall be exercised by the Committee.

 

(k) “ Company ” means JER Investors Trust Inc., a Maryland corporation.

 

(l) “ Effective Date ” means the date provided pursuant to Section 11 hereof.

 

(m) “ Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

3


(n) “ Fair Market Value ” means, as of any given date, (i) the closing price of a share of the Company’s Stock on the principal exchange on which shares of the Company’s Stock are then trading, if any, on the trading day previous to such date, or, if stock was not traded on the trading day previous to such date, then on the next preceding trading day during which a sale occurred; or (ii) if such Stock is not traded on an exchange but is quoted on NASDAQ or a successor quotation system, (x) the last sales price (if the Stock is then listed as a National Market Issue under the NASDAQ National Market System) or (y) the mean between the closing representative bid and asked prices (in all other cases) for the Stock on the trading day previous to such date as reported by NASDAQ or such successor quotation system; or (iii) if such Stock is not publicly traded on an exchange and not quoted on NASDAQ or a successor quotation system, the mean between the closing bid and asked prices for the Stock, on the day previous to such date, as determined in good faith by the Committee; or (D) if the Stock is not publicly traded, the fair market value established by the Committee using any reasonable method and acting in good faith.

 

(o) “ Manager ” means JER Commercial Debt Advisors LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, any of its affiliates that it may designate to receive an Award or its successor under that certain Management Agreement, dated as of June 4, 2004, by and among the Company and JER Commercial Debt Advisors, LLC, as amended from time to time.

 

(p) “ Manager Awards ” means the Awards granted to the Manager as described in Section 5.5 hereof.

 

(q) “ Non-Officer Director ” means a director of the Company who is not an officer or employee of the Company.

 

(r) “ Non-Officer Director Restricted Stock Award ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.6 hereof.

 

(s) “ 144A Offering ” means the offering, dated June 4, 2004, pursuant to Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 10,000,000 shares of Stock.

 

(t) “ Participant ” means any Non-Officer Director, the Manager, any employee of the Manager who is performing services for the Company and any director, officer, employee, consultant or advisor to the Company or to any parent, affiliate or subsidiary of the Company, or any other Person selected by the Committee, pursuant to the Committee’s authority in Section 2 hereof, to receive Awards.

 

4


(u) “ Person ” means an individual, and, only to the extent allowed under Rule 701 of the Securities Act, a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture or other entity of any kind.

 

(v) “ Plan ” means this JER Investors Trust Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan.

 

(w) “ Restricted Stock ” means Stock as described in Section 5.3 hereof.

 

(x) “ Securities Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

(y) “ Stock ” means the common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company.

 

(z) “ Stock Appreciation Right ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.2 hereof.

 

(aa) “ Stock Option ” means any option to purchase shares of Stock granted pursuant to the Plan. The Stock Options granted hereunder are not intended to qualify as “incentive stock options” within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code.

 

(bb) “ 10% Stockholder ” means an owner of Stock (as determined under Section 424(d) of the Code) possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of Stock of the Company or its parent of subsidiaries.

 

SECTION 2

 

ADMINISTRATION

 

2.1 Administration . The Plan shall be administered in accordance with the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code (but only to the extent necessary and desirable to maintain qualification of awards under the Plan under Section 162(m) of the Code) and, to the extent applicable, Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act, by the Board or, at the Board’s sole discretion, by the Committee, which shall be appointed by the Board, and which shall serve at the pleasure of the Board.

 

5


2.2 Duties and Powers of the Committee . The Committee shall have the power and authority to grant Awards to Participants pursuant to the terms of the Plan, and, in its discretion, to adopt, alter and repeal such administrative rules, guidelines and practices governing the Plan as it shall from time to time deem advisable; to interpret the terms and provisions of the Plan and any Award issued under the Plan (and any agreements relating thereto); and to otherwise supervise the administration of the Plan.

 

In particular, the Committee shall have the authority to determine, in a manner consistent with the terms of the Plan:

 

(a) in addition to the Manager and the Non-Officer Directors, those officers, employees, directors, managers, consultants or advisors, if any, who shall be Participants;

 

(b) subject to Section 3 hereof, the number of shares of Stock to be covered by and the vesting schedule of each Stock Option granted hereunder;

 

(c) the terms and conditions of any Award granted hereunder, including the waiver or modification of any such terms or conditions, consistent with the provisions of the Plan (including, but not limited to, Section 8 hereof); and

 

(d) the terms and conditions which shall govern all the Award Agreements, including the waiver or modification of any such terms or conditions.

 

2.3 Majority Rule . The Committee shall act by a majority of its members in attendance at a meeting at which a quorum is present or by a memorandum or other written instrument signed by all members of the Committee.

 

2.4 Compensation; Professional Assistance; Good Faith Actions . Members of the Committee may receive such compensation for their services as members as may be determined by the Board. All expenses and liabilities that members of the Committee or Board may incur in connection with the administration of this Plan shall be borne by the Company. The Committee may, with the approval of the Board, employ attorneys, consultants, accountants, appraisers, brokers or other persons. The Committee, the Board, the Company and any officers and directors of

 

6


the Company shall be entitled to rely upon the advice, opinions or valuations of any such persons. All actions taken and all interpretations and determinations made by the Committee or Board in good faith shall be final and binding upon all Participants, the Company and all other interested persons. No member of the Committee or Board shall be personally liable for any action, determination or interpretation made in good faith with respect to this Plan or any Award, and all members of the Committee and Board shall be fully protected and indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by law, by the Company, in respect of any such action, determination or interpretation.

 

SECTION 3

 

STOCK SUBJECT TO PLAN

 

3.1 Number and Source of Shares . Unless the Plan is subsequently amended, the maximum number of shares of Stock reserved and available for issuance at any time under the Plan may not exceed 10% of shares of Stock outstanding at the closing of the 144A Offering on a fully diluted basis, which shares outstanding shall include the shares of Stock pursuant to the exercise by the initial purchasers in the 144A Offering of their option to purchase additional shares to cover additional allotments, if any. A maximum of 300,000 shares of Stock may be issued pursuant to Awards granted under the Plan at the closing of the 144A Offering, and a maximum of 200,000 additional shares of Restricted Stock may be granted thereafter during the term of the Plan, subject to adjustment if the initial purchasers exercise their option to purchase additional shares to cover additional allotments, if any. The aggregate number of shares of Stock as to which Awards may be granted to any Participant during any calendar year may not, subject to adjustment as provided in this Section 3, exceed 50% of the shares of Stock reserved for the purposes of the Plan. The Stock which may be issued pursuant to an Award under the Plan may be treasury Stock, authorized but unissued Stock, or Stock acquired, subsequently or in anticipation of the transaction, in the open market to satisfy the requirements of the Plan. Awards may consist of any combination of such Stock, or, at the election of the Company, cash. If any shares of Stock subject to an Award are forfeited, cancelled, exchanged or surrendered or if an Award otherwise terminates or expires with or without a distribution of shares to the Participant, the shares of Stock with respect to such Award shall, to the extent of any such forfeiture, cancellation, exchange, surrender, termination or expiration, count against the maximum number of shares for which Awards may be granted to the Participant under the preceding sentence.

 

3.2 Unrealized Awards . Subject to the limitations set forth in the last sentence of Section 3.1 hereof, if any shares of Stock subject to an Award are

 

7


forfeited, cancelled, exchanged or surrendered or if an Award otherwise terminates or expires with or without a distribution of shares to the Participant, the shares of Stock with respect to such Award shall, to the extent of any such forfeiture, cancellation, exchange, surrender, termination or expiration, again be available for grants under the Plan.

 

3.3 Adjustment of Awards . Upon the occurrence of any event which affects the shares of Stock in such a way that an adjustment of outstanding Awards is appropriate in order to prevent the dilution or enlargement of rights under the Awards (including, without limitation, any extraordinary dividend or other distribution (whether in cash or in kind), recapitalization, stock split, reverse split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination, repurchase, or share exchange, or other similar corporate transaction or event), the Committee shall make appropriate equitable adjustments, which may include, without limitation, adjustments to any or all of the number and kind of shares of Stock (or other securities) which may thereafter be issued in connection with such outstanding Awards and adjustments to any exercise price specified in the outstanding Awards and shall also make appropriate equitable adjustments to the number and kind of shares of Stock (or other securities) authorized by or to be granted under the Plan. Such other substitutions or adjustments shall be made respecting Awards hereunder as may be determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion. In connection with any event described in this paragraph, the Committee may provide, in its discretion, for the cancellation of any outstanding Award and payment in cash or other property in exchange therefor, equal to the difference, if any, between the Fair Market Value of the Stock or other property subject to the Award, and the exercise price, if any.

 

SECTION 4

 

ELIGIBILITY

 

The Manager, each employee of the Manager who is performing services for the Company and each Non-Officer Director, officer, director, employee, consultant or advisor of the Company or any parent, affiliate or subsidiary of the Company shall be eligible for Awards under the Plan. Additional Participants under the Plan may be selected from time to time by the Committee, in its sole discretion, and the Committee shall determine, in its sole discretion, the number of shares covered by each Award.

 

8


 

SECTION 5

 

AWARDS

 

Awards may include, but are not limited to, those described in this Section 5. The Committee may grant Awards singly or in combination with other Awards, as the Committee may in its sole discretion determine. Subject to the other provisions of this Plan, Awards may also be granted in combination or in replacement of, or as alternatives to, grants or rights under this Plan and any other employee (or director) benefit or compensation plan of the Company.

 

5.1 Stock Options . A Stock Option is a right to purchase a specified number of shares of Stock, at a specified price during such specified time as the Committee shall determine.

 

(a) A Stock Option may be exercised, in whole or in part, by giving written notice of exercise to the Company, specifying the number of shares of Stock to be purchased; provided that , to the extent required by Section 25102(o) of the California Securities Law, a Stock Option shall become exercisable at a rate of not less than 20% per year over five years from the date of grant; provided, however, that subsequent to the grant of any Stock Option, the Committee may, at any time before complete termination of such Stock Option, accelerate, in its discretion, the time or times at which such Stock Option may be exercised in whole or in part (without reducing the term of such Stock Option).

 

(b) The Committee shall determine, in its sole discretion, the exercise price of each Stock Option, which price may be less than the Fair Market Value of the share of Stock subject to such Stock Option on the date of grant. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that the grant of such Stock Option is intended to comply with Section 25102(o) of the California Securities Law, the exercise price of such Stock Option shall not be less than 85% of the Fair Market Value of the share of Stock subject to such Stock Option on the date of grant and, if the optionee is a 10% Stockholder, such exercise price shall be no less than 110% of the Fair Market Value of the share of Stock subject to such Stock Option on the date of grant.

 

(c) The exercise price of a Stock Option may be paid in cash or its equivalent, by certified or bank check, by delivery of a promissory note or other instrument acceptable to the Committee, as determined by the Committee. As determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion, payment in whole or in part may also be made (i) by means of any cashless exercise procedure approved by the Committee, or (ii) in the form of unrestricted Stock already owned by the Participant

 

9


which, (x) in the case of unrestricted Stock acquired upon exercise of an option, have been owned by the Participant for more than six months on the date of surrender, and (y) has a Fair Market Value on the date of surrender equal to the aggregate option price of the Stock as to which such Stock Option shall be exercised. No fractional shares of Stock will be issued or accepted.

 

(d) Unless the Committee determines otherwise, all Stock Options granted pursuant to this Plan shall become immediately and fully vested and exercisable upon a Change in Control.

 

5.2 Stock Appreciation Rights . A Stock Appreciation Right is a right to receive, upon surrender of the right, an amount payable in cash or shares of Stock or a combination of the foregoing under such terms and conditions as the Committee shall determine. The amount payable in cash or shares of Stock with respect to each right shall be equal in value to a percentage (up to and including 100%) of the amount by which the Fair Market Value per share of Stock on the exercise date exceeds the Fair Market Value per share of Stock on the date of grant of the Stock Appreciation Right. The applicable percentage shall be established by the Committee. The Award Agreement may state whether the purchase amount payable is to be paid wholly in cash, wholly in shares of Stock or in any combination of the foregoing; if the Award Agreement does not so state the manner of payment, the Committee shall determine such manner of payment at the time of payment. The amount payable in shares of Stock, if any, is determined with reference to the Fair Market Value per share of Stock on the date of exercise.

 

5.3 Restricted Stock . Restricted Stock is Stock that is issued to a Participant and is subject to such terms, conditions and restrictions as the Committee deems appropriate, which may include, but are not limited to, restrictions upon the sale, assignment, transfer or other disposition of the Restricted Stock and the requirement of forfeiture of the Restricted Stock upon termination of employment or service under certain specified conditions. The Committee may provide for the lapse of any such term or condition or waive any term or condition based on such factors or criteria as the Committee may determine. Subject to the restrictions stated in this Section 5.3 and in the applicable Award Agreement, the Participant shall have, with respect to Awards of Restricted Stock, all of the rights of a stockholder of the Company, including the right to vote the Restricted Stock and the right to receive any cash or stock dividends on such Stock. The Company may require that the stock certificates evidencing Restricted Stock granted hereunder be held in the custody of the Company until the restrictions thereon shall have lapsed, and that, as a condition of any award of Restricted Stock, the Participant shall have delivered a stock power,

 

10


endorsed in blank, relating to the Stock covered by such award. Unless the Committee determines otherwise, upon a Change in Control, all Restricted Stock awards granted pursuant to this Plan shall, immediately as of the date of the Change in Control, no longer be subject to a risk of forfeiture or have transfer restrictions.

 

5.4 Performance Awards . Performance Awards may be granted under this Plan from time to time based on such terms and conditions as the Committee deems appropriate provided that such Awards shall not be inconsistent with the terms and purposes of this Plan. Performance Awards are Awards which are contingent upon the performance of all or a portion of the Company and/or its subsidiaries and/or which are contingent upon the individual performance of a Participant. Performance Awards may be in the form of performance units, performance shares and such other forms of Performance Awards as the Committee shall determine. The Committee shall determine the performance measurements and criteria for such Performance Awards. The Company may require that the stock certificates evidencing Performance Awards granted hereunder be held in the custody of the Company until the restrictions thereon shall have lapsed, and that, as a condition of any award of Performance Awards, the Participant shall have delivered a stock power, endorsed in blank, relating to the Stock covered by such award.

 

5.5 Manager Awards .

 

(a) Grant of Compensatory Stock Award . As consideration for the Manager’s role in raising capital for the Company, the Manager may be granted, upon the closing of the 144A Offering, an award of shares of Stock, the number of which the Committee may determine in its discretion, but not to exceed 300,000 shares, subject to adjustment if the initial purchasers exercise their option to purchase additional shares to cover additional allotments, if any.

 

(b) Other Awards . The Committee may, from time to time, grant Awards to the Manager as the Committee deems advisable in order to provide additional incentive to the Manager.

 

(c) Change in Control Provisions . Unless the Committee determines otherwise, all Awards granted to the Manager pursuant to this Plan shall become immediately and fully exercisable upon a Change in Control.

 

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5.6 Automatic Non-Officer Director Awards .

 

(a) Non-Officer Director Restricted Stock Awards . Subject to Section 5.6(b) hereof, each Non-Officer Director shall be granted 2,000 shares of Restricted Stock upon the later to occur of (i) the closing of the 144A Offering, or (ii) the date of the first Board meeting attended by such Non-Officer Director. In addition, subject to Section 5.6(b) hereof, on the first business day after the first annual stockholders’ meeting of the Company in 2005, and on the first business day after each such annual meeting of the Company thereafter during the term of the Plan, each Person who is a Non-Officer Director at the time of such meeting shall automatically be granted 2,000 shares of Restricted Stock (each initial restricted stock award and annual restricted stock award, a “Non-Officer Director Restricted Stock Award”). A Non-Officer Director shall not transfer or otherwise dispose of his Non-Officer Director Restricted Stock Award prior to the lapsing of restrictions and unless he is a member of the Board as of such date of lapse. One-half of the shares subject to each Non-Officer Director Restricted Stock Award shall not be subject to a risk of forfeiture on the date of grant, and the other one-half of the shares shall be subject to a risk of forfeiture for one year from the date of grant . In addition, the Non-Officer Director shall not be able to sell, assign, transfer, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of any of the shares subject to each Non-Officer Director Restricted Stock Award for one year from the date of grant.

 

(b) Stock Availability . In the event that the number of shares of Stock available for grant under the Plan is not sufficient to accommodate the awards of Non-Officer Director Restricted Stock, then the remaining shares of Stock available for such automatic awards shall be granted to each Non-Officer Director, who is to receive such an award, on a pro-rata basis. No further grants shall be made until such time, if any, as additional shares of Stock become available for grant under the Plan through action of the Board or the stockholders of the Company to increase the number of shares of Stock that may be issued under the Plan or through cancellation or expiration of Awards previously granted hereunder.

 

(c) Award Agreements . Each recipient of a Non-Officer Director Restricted Stock Award shall enter into an Award Agreement with the Company, which agreement shall set forth, among other things, the number of shares subject to, and the transfer restrictions of, each Non-Officer Director Restricted Stock Award, which provisions shall not be inconsistent with the terms of this Section 5.6 and Section 6.1 hereof. The Award Agreement with respect to such Non-Officer Director Restricted Stock Award shall also set forth such other terms and conditions with respect to the award as the Committee may determine.

 

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5.7 Other Awards . The Committee may from time to time grant other Stock-based and non-Stock-based Awards under the Plan, including without limitation those Awards pursuant to which shares of Stock are or may in the future be acquired, Awards denominated in shares of Stock, securities convertible into shares of Stock, phantom securities, dividend equivalents, any other equity-based incentive award and cash. The Committee shall determine the terms and conditions of such other Stock, Stock-based and non-Stock-based Awards provided that such Awards shall not be inconsistent with the terms and purposes of this Plan.

 

SECTION 6

 

AWARD AGREEMENTS

 

Each Award under this Plan shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement setting forth the number of shares of Stock or other securities, and such other terms and conditions applicable to the Award (and not inconsistent with this Plan) as are determined by the Committee.

 

6.1 Terms of Award Agreements . Award Agreements shall include the following terms:

 

(a) Term . The term of each Award (as determined by the Committee); provided that , no Award shall be exercisable more than ten years after the date such Award is granted;

 

(b) Exercise Price . The exercise price per share of Stock purchasable under an Award (as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion at the time of grant); provided that , the exercise price shall not be less than the par value of the shares of Stock; provided , further , that Awards intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code, shall not be less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of the share of Stock on such date; provided , further , with respect to grants of Stock Options that are intended to comply with Section 25102(o) of the California Securities Law, the exercise price of such Stock Option shall not be less than 85% of the Fair Market Value of the share of Stock subject to such Stock Option on the date of grant and, if the optionee is a 10% Stockholder, such exercise price shall be no less than 110% of the Fair Market Value of the share of Stock subject to such Stock Option on the date of grant; provided , further , with respect to Awards, other than Stock Options, intended to comply with Section 25102(o) of the California Securities Law, the exercise price per share of Stock under an Award shall not be less than 85% of the Fair Market Value of

 

13


the share of Stock on the date of grant or on the date of exercise, or, if the Participant is a 10% Stockholder, such purchase price shall be no less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of the shares of Stock on the date of grant or on the date of exercise.

 

(c) Exercisability . Provisions regarding the exercisability of Awards (which shall be exercisable at such time or times and subject to such terms and conditions as shall be determined by the Committee at or after grant);

 

(d) Method of Exercise . Provisions describing the method of exercising Awards;

 

(e) Termination of Employment or Service . Provisions describing the treatment of an Award in the event of the retirement, disability, death or other termination of a Participant’s employment or service with the Company, including but not limited to, terms relating to the vesting, time for exercise, forfeiture and cancellation of an Award in such circumstances;

 

(f) Rights as Stockholder . A provision that a Participant shall have no rights as a stockholder with respect to any securities covered by an Award until the date the Participant becomes the holder of record. Except as provided in Sections 3.3 and 5.3 hereof, no adjustment shall be made for dividends or other rights, unless the Award Agreement specifically requires such adjustment, in which case, grants of dividend equivalents or similar rights shall not be considered to be a grant of any other stockholder right;

 

(g) Nontransferability . A provision that, except under the laws of descent and distribution, as permitted by Rule 701 of the Securities Act, if applicable, or as permitted by the Administrator in its sole discretion, the Participant shall not be permitted to sell, transfer, pledge or assign any Award, and all Awards shall be exercisable, during the Participant’s lifetime, only by the Participant; provided , however , that the Participant shall be permitted to transfer one or more Stock Options to a trust controlled by the Participant during the Participant’s lifetime for estate planning purposes; and

 

(h) Other Terms . Such other terms as are necessary and appropriate to effectuate an Award to the Participant, including but not limited to, (1) vesting provisions, (2) deferral elections, (3) any requirements for continued employment or service with the Company, (4) any other restrictions or conditions (including performance requirements) on the Award and the method by which restrictions or conditions lapse, (5) effect on the Award of a Change in Control, (6)

 

14


the right of the Company and such other persons as the Committee shall designate (“Designees”) to repurchase from a Participant, and such Participant’s permitted transferees, all shares of Stock issued or issuable to such Participant in connection with an Award in the event of such Participant’s termination of employment or service, (7) rights of first refusal granted to the Company and Designees, if any, (8) holdback and other registration right restrictions in the event of a public registration of any equity securities of the Company and (9) any other terms and conditions which the Committee shall deem necessary and desirable.

 

6.2 Replacement, Substitution, and Reloading . Award Agreements may also include provisions permitting the replacement or substitution of outstanding Awards or securities held by the Participant in order to exercise or realize rights under other Awards, or in exchange for the grant of new Awards under similar or different terms, and for the grant of reload Stock Options upon exercise of outstanding Stock Options.

 

6.3 Surrender of Options . The Committee may require the voluntary surrender of all or a portion of any Stock Option or other Award granted under the Plan as a condition precedent to a grant of a new Stock Option or Award. Subject to the provisions of the Plan, such new Stock Option or Award shall be exercisable at the price, during such period and on such other terms and conditions as are specified by the Committee at the time the new Stock Option or Award is granted; provided that , should the Committee so require, the number of shares subject to such new Stock Option or Award shall not be greater than the number of shares subject to the surrendered Stock Option or Award.

 

SECTION 7

 

LOANS

 

The Company or any parent or subsidiary of the Company may make loans available to Stock Option holders in connection with the exercise of outstanding Stock Options granted under the Plan, as the Committee, in its discretion, may determine. Such loans shall (i) be evidenced by promissory notes entered into by the Stock Option holders in favor of the Company or any parent or subsidiary of the Company, (ii) be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Section 7 and such other terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the Plan, as the Committee shall determine, (iii) bear interest, if any, at such rate as the Committee shall determine, and (iv) be subject to Board approval (or to approval by the Committee to the extent the Board may delegate such authority). In no event may the principal

 

15


amount of any such loan exceed the sum of (x) the exercise price less the par value of the shares of Stock covered by the Stock Option, or portion thereof, exercised by the holder, and (y) any federal, state, and local income tax attributable to such exercise. The initial term of the loan, the schedule of payments of principal and interest under the loan, the extent to which the loan is to be with or without recourse against the holder with respect to principal or interest and the conditions upon which the loan will become payable in the event of the holder’s termination of employment shall be determined by the Committee. Unless the Committee determines otherwise, when a loan is made, shares of Stock having a Fair Market Value at least equal to the principal amount of the loan shall be pledged by the holder to the Company as security for payment of the unpaid balance of the loan, and such pledge shall be evidenced by a pledge agreement, the terms of which shall be determined by the Committee, in its discretion; provided that , each loan shall comply with all applicable laws, regulations and rules of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and any other governmental agency having jurisdiction.

 

SECTION 8

 

AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION

 

The Board may at any time and from time-to-time alter, amend, suspend or terminate the Plan in whole or in part; provided that , no amendment that requires stockholder approval in order for the Plan to comply with a rule or regulation deemed applicable by the Committee shall be effective unless the same shall be approved by the requisite vote of the stockholders of the Company entitled to vote thereon. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no amendment shall affect adversely any of the rights of any Participant, without such Participant’s consent, under any Award or Loan theretofore granted under the Plan.

 

16


 

SECTION 9

 

UNFUNDED STATUS OF PLAN

 

The Plan is intended to constitute an “unfunded” plan for incentive compensation. With respect to any payments not yet made to a Participant by the Company, nothing contained herein shall give any such Participant any rights that are greater than those of a general creditor of the Company.

 

SECTION 10

 

GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

10.1 Securities Laws Compliance . Shares of Stock shall not be issued pursuant to the exercise of any Award granted hereunder unless the exercise of such Award and the issuance and delivery of such shares of Stock pursuant thereto shall comply with all relevant provisions of law, including, without limitation, the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the requirements of any stock exchange upon which the Stock may then be listed, and shall be further subject to the approval of counsel for the Company with respect to such compliance. The Plan is a compensatory benefit plan within the meaning of Rule 701 under the Securities Act. The issuance of shares of Stock underlying Awards to natural Persons in accordance with the Plan is intended to qualify for the exemption from registration under the Securities Act provided by Rule 701. Nothing contained herein shall be construed to prohibit the Company from relying on any other exemption from registration to which it may be entitled under the Securities Act in connection with the issuance of shares of Stock underlying Awards in accordance with the Plan. To the extent that California Securities Law applies to any Award made under the Plan, the Plan is intended to also comply with Section 25102(o) or other exemption under the California Securities Law.

 

10.2 Certificate Legends . The Committee may require each person purchasing shares pursuant to a Stock Option to represent to and agree with the Company in writing that such person is acquiring the shares of Stock subject thereto without a view to distribution thereof. The certificates for such Stock may include any legend which the Committee deems appropriate to reflect any restrictions on transfer.

 

17


10.3 Transfer Restrictions . All certificates for shares of Stock delivered under the Plan shall be subject to such stock-transfer orders and other restrictions as the Committee may deem advisable under the rules, regulations, and other requirements of the Commission, any stock exchange upon which the Stock is then listed, and any applicable federal or state securities law, and the Committee may cause a legend or legends to be placed on any such certificates to make appropriate reference to such restrictions.

 

10.4 Company Actions; No Right to Employment . Nothing contained in the Plan shall prevent the Board from adopting other or additional compensation arrangements, subject to stockholder approval if such approval is necessary and desirable; and such arrangements may be either generally applicable or applicable only in specific cases. The adoption of the Plan shall not confer upon any employee, consultant or advisor of the Company any right to continued employment or service with the Company, as the case may be, nor shall it interfere in any way with the right of the Company to terminate the employment or service of any of its employees, consultants or advisors at any time.

 

10.5 Payment of Taxes . Each Participant shall, no later than the date as of which the value of an Award first becomes includible in the gross income of the Participant for federal income tax purposes, pay to the Company, or make arrangements satisfactory to the Committee regarding payment of, any federal, state, or local taxes of any kind required by law to be withheld with respect to the Award. The obligations of the Company under the Plan shall be conditional on the making of such payments or arrangements, and the Company shall, to the extent permitted by law, have the right to deduct any such taxes from any payment of any kind otherwise due to the Participant.

 

10.6 Voting Rights . Each To the extent required by the Section 25102(o) of the California Securities Law, shares of Stock and similar equity securities of the Company shall carry equal voting rights on all matters where such vote is permitted by applicable law in accordance with Section 260.140.1 of Title 10 of the California Code of Regulations.

 

10.7 Information Rights . To the extent required by Section 25102(o) of the California Securities Law, Participants shall be provided with financial information of the Company at least annually in accordance with Section 260.140.46 of Title 10 of the California Code of Regulations.

 

18


 

SECTION 11

 

EFFECTIVE DATE OF PLAN

 

The Board adopted the Plan on May 27, 2004, and the stockholders of the Company approved the Plan on May 27, 2004. The Plan became effective on May 27, 2004 (the “Effective Date”).

 

SECTION 12

 

TERM OF PLAN

 

No Award shall be granted pursuant to the Plan on or after the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date, but Awards theretofore granted may extend beyond that date.

 

19

 

Exhibit 10.3

 

JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

 

JER Investors Trust Inc. Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan

 

Restricted Stock Agreement (FORM) 1

 

This RESTRICTED STOCK AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of the      day of                      , 2004 (the “Date of Grant”), is entered into by and between JER Investors Trust Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), and [                      ] (the “Grantee” and, together with the Company, the “Parties”).

 

RECITALS

 

A. The Company is granting to Grantee restricted shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), under the Company’s Nonqualified Stock Option and Incentive Award Plan (the “Plan”) on the terms and conditions set forth herein.

 

Any capitalized terms not defined herein shall have their respective meanings set forth in the Plan.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, the Parties hereto agree as follows:

 

1. Grant of Restricted Stock and Escrow of Restricted Stock .

 

(a) Grant of Restricted Stock . Effective as of the Date of Grant, the Company hereby agrees to grant to the Grantee, subject to the terms hereof, [              ] shares of Common Stock (the “Restricted Stock”).

 

(b) Escrow of Restricted Stock .

 

(i) To insure the availability for delivery of Grantee’s Restricted Stock in the event of termination of Grantee’s [employment with the Company or the Company’s affiliate] [service to the Company] prior to the expiration of the Restricted Period (as defined in Section 2(b) below), Grantee hereby appoints the Secretary of the Company, or any other person designated by the Company as escrow agent, as its attorney-in-fact to, assign and transfer unto the Company such Restricted Stock, if any, upon execution of this Agreement, deliver


1 This form is to be used for restricted stock grants to all grantees, other than for automatic restricted stock grants to non-officer/non-employee directors of the Company. A separate restricted stock agreement has been prepared for such automatic grants.

 

1


and deposit with the Secretary of the Company, or such other person designated by the Company, the share certificates representing the Restricted Stock, together with the stock assignment duly endorsed in blank, attached hereto as Exhibit A-1 . The Restricted Stock and stock assignment shall be held by the Secretary in escrow, pursuant to the Joint Escrow Instructions of the Company and Grantee attached as Exhibit A-2 hereto, until such time the Restricted Period has lapsed with respect to the Restricted Stock, or until such time as this Agreement no longer is in effect. As a further condition to the Company’s obligations under this Agreement, the spouse of the Grantee, if any, shall execute and deliver to the Company the Consent of Spouse attached hereto as Exhibit A-3 . Once the Restricted Period has lapsed with respect to the Restricted Stock, the escrow agent shall promptly deliver to the Grantee the certificate or certificates representing such shares of Common Stock in the escrow agent’s possession belonging to the Grantee in accordance with the terms of the Joint Escrow Instructions, and the escrow agent shall be discharged of all further obligations hereunder; provided, however, that the escrow agent shall nevertheless retain such certificate or certificates if so required pursuant to other restrictions imposed pursuant to this Agreement.

 

(ii) The Company or its designee shall not be liable for any act it may do or omit to do with respect to holding the shares of Restricted Stock in escrow and while acting in good faith and in the exercise of its judgment.

 

(iii) Any purported transfer or sale of the shares of Common Stock shall be subject to restrictions on transfer imposed by any applicable state and federal securities laws. Any transferee shall hold such shares of Common Stock subject to all the provisions hereof and shall acknowledge the same by signing a copy of this Agreement.

 

2. Restrictions and Restricted Period .

 

(a) Restrictions . Shares of Restricted Stock granted hereunder may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of prior to the expiration of the transferability restriction period and shall be subject to a risk of forfeiture until the lapse of the Restricted Period (as defined below).

 

(b) Restricted Period . [Describe period that the shares are subject to risk of forfeiture (or the vesting schedule). The foregoing period shall be referred to as the “Restricted Period.”] Subject to Section 4 of this Agreement, the shares of Restricted Stock shall become fully and freely transferable (provided that, such transfer is otherwise in accordance with federal and state securities laws) and non-forfeitable upon the expiration of the Restricted Period provided that Grantee is [employed by the Company or the Company’s affiliate][in a service relationship with the Company] on such date. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the release of the shares of Restricted Stock hereunder shall be conditioned upon Grantee making adequate provision for federal, state or other tax withholding obligations, if any,

 

2


which arise upon the release of the shares from the Restricted Period, whether by withholding, direct payment to the Company or otherwise.

 

(c) [ Transferability restriction period . If applicable, describe the period during which the shares are subject to restrictions on transferability.]

 

3. Rights of a Stockholder . From and after the Date of Grant and for so long as the Restricted Stock is held by or for the benefit of the Grantee, the Grantee shall have all the rights of a stockholder of the Company with respect to the Restricted Stock, including, but not limited to, the right to receive dividends and the right to vote such shares.

 

4. Cessation of [Employment] [ Service Relationship] . If the Grantee’s [employment with the Company or the Company’s affiliate] [service relationship with the Company] terminates for any reason prior to the expiration of the Restricted Period, then the Restricted Stock and any and all accrued but unpaid dividends that are, at that time subject to restrictions set forth herein, shall be forfeited to the Company, and neither the Grantee nor any of his successors, heirs, assigns, or personal representatives shall thereafter have any further rights or interests in such shares of Restricted Stock or certificates.

 

5. Certificates . Restricted Stock granted herein may be evidence in such manner as the Board shall determine. If certificates representing Restricted Stock are registered in the name of the Grantee, then the Company shall retain physical possession of the certificate.

 

6. Legends . All certificates representing any of the shares of Restricted Stock subject to the provisions of this Agreement shall have endorsed thereon the following legend:

 

“THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE ARE SUBJECT TO CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS UPON TRANSFER AS SET FORTH IN AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE HOLDER OF THE SHARES, A COPY OF WHICH IS ON FILE AT THE PRINCIPAL OFFICE OF THE COMPANY.”

 

7. Investment Representation . The Grantee hereby represents and warrants to the Company that the Grantee, by reason of the Grantee’s business or financial experience (or the business or financial experience of the Grantee’s professional advisors who are unaffiliated with and who are not compensated by the Company or any affiliate or selling agent of the Company, directly or indirectly), has the capacity to protect the Grantee’s own interests in connection with the transactions contemplated under this Agreement.

 

8. Dispute Resolution . The Parties agree to use their reasonable best efforts to resolve any dispute regarding this agreement through good faith

 

3


negotiations. A Party hereto must give written notice of the substance of any dispute regarding this Agreement to any other party to whom such dispute pertains. Any such dispute that cannot be resolved within 30 calendar days of receipt of the required notice (or such other time period to which the Parties may agree) will be submitted to an arbitrator selected by mutual agreement of the Parties. In the event that, within 50 days of the receipt of the required written notice, a single arbitrator has not been selected by mutual agreement of the Parties, a panel of three arbitrators will be selected. Each Party to the dispute will select one arbitrator and the two selected arbitrators will select one additional arbitrator. Except as the Parties to the dispute may otherwise agree, such arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the then-existing rules for Commercial Arbitration of the American Arbitration Association. The decision of the arbitrator or arbitrators, or of a majority thereof, as the case may be, shall be made in writing and will be final and binding upon the Parties hereto as to the questions submitted. The Parties will abide by and comply with such decision, which may be entered as an enforceable judgment in a court of competent jurisdiction; provided, however, the arbitrator or arbitrators, as the case may be, shall not be empowered to award punitive damages. Unless the decision of the arbitrator or arbitrators, as the case may be, provides for a different allocation of costs and expenses determined by the arbitrators to be equitable under the circumstances, the prevailing Party or Parties in any arbitration under this agreement will be entitled to recover all reasonable fees (including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees and expert witness fees) and expenses incurred.

 

9. Market Stand-Off . In connection with any underwritten public offering by the Company of its equity securities pursuant to an effective registration statement filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for such period as the Company or its underwriters may request (such period not to exceed 180 days following the date of the applicable offering), the Grantee shall not, directly or indirectly, sell, make any short sale of, loan, hypothecate, pledge, offer, grant or sell any option or other contract for the purchase of, purchase any option or other contract for the sale of, or otherwise dispose of or transfer, or agree to engage in any of the foregoing transactions with respect to, any shares of Restricted Stock subject to this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Company or its underwriters.

 

10. Tax Consequences . Set forth below is a brief summary as of the Date of Grant of certain United States federal tax consequences of the award of the Restricted Stock. THIS SUMMARY DOES NOT ADDRESS SPECIFIC STATE, LOCAL OR FOREIGN TAX CONSEQUENCES THAT MAY BE APPLICABLE TO GRANTEE. GRANTEE UNDERSTANDS THAT THIS SUMMARY IS NECESSARILY INCOMPLETE, AND THE TAX LAWS AND REGULATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.

 

The Grantee shall recognize ordinary income at the time or times the restrictions lapse with respect to the shares of Restricted Stock that have been

 

4


released from the Restricted Period in an amount equal to the the fair market value of such shares on each such date, and the Company shall be required to collect all the applicable withholding taxes with respect to such income. The obligations of the Company under the Plan are conditioned on your making arrangements for the payment of any such taxes.

 

11. Section 83(b) Election . The Grantee hereby acknowledges that he has been informed that, with respect to the grant of Restricted Stock, an election may be filed by the Grantee with the Internal Revenue Service, within 30 days of the Date of Grant, electing pursuant to Section 83(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), to be taxed currently on the fair market value of the Restricted Stock on the Date of Grant.

 

THE GRANTEE ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT IS THE GRANTEE’S SOLE RESPONSIBILITY AND NOT THE COMPANY’S TO FILE TIMELY THE ELECTION UNDER SECTION 83(b) OF THE CODE, EVEN IF THE GRANTEE REQUESTS THE COMPANY OR ITS REPRESENTATIVE TO MAKE THIS FILING ON THE GRANTEE’S BEHALF.

 

BY SIGNING THIS AGREEMENT, THE GRANTEE REPRESENTS THAT HE HAS REVIEWED WITH HIS OWN TAX ADVISORS THE FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND FOREIGN TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED BY THIS AGREEMENT AND THAT HE IS RELYING SOLELY ON SUCH ADVISORS AND NOT ON ANY STATEMENTS OR REPRESENTATIONS OF THE COMPANY OR ANY OF ITS AGENTS. THE GRANTEE UNDERSTANDS AND AGREES THAT HE (AND NOT THE COMPANY) SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY TAX LIABILITY THAT MAY ARISE AS A RESULT OF THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED BY THIS AGREEMENT.

 

12. Termination of this Agreement . Upon termination of this Agreement, all rights of the Grantee hereunder shall cease.

 

13. Miscellaneous .

 

(a) Notices . All notices and other communications under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be given by facsimile or first class mail, certified or registered with return receipt requested, and shall be deemed to have been duly given three days after mailing or 24 hours after transmission by facsimile to the respective Parties named below:

 

If to the Company, to:
     JER Investors Trust Inc.
     1650 Tysons Blvd., Suite 1600
    

McLean, VA 22102

Attn: Board of Directors

Telephone:

Facsimile:                      ]

  
  
  

 

5


with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
    

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

4 Times Square

New York, New York 10036-6522

Attention: David J. Goldschmidt, Esq.

Telephone: (212) 735-3000

Facsimile: (212) 735-2000

 
If to the Grantee:   

[name]

[address]

Telephone:

Facsimile:

 

Either party hereto may change such party’s address for notices by notice duly given pursuant hereto.

 

(b) Failure to Enforce Not a Waiver . The failure of the Company or the Grantee to enforce at any time any provision of this Agreement shall in no way be construed to be a waiver of such provision or of any other provision hereof.

 

(c) Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by and construed according to the laws of the State of Maryland without giving effect to the choice of law principles thereof.

 

(d) Amendments . This Agreement may be amended or modified at any time by an instrument in writing signed by the Parties.

 

(e) [ Agreement Not a Contract of Employment . Neither the grant of Restricted Stock, this Agreement nor any other action taken in connection herewith shall constitute or be evidence of any agreement or understanding, express or implied, that the Grantee is an employee of the Company or any affiliate of the Company. ] 2

 

(f) Entire Agreement; Plan Controls . This Agreement and the Plan contain the entire understanding and agreement of the Parties concerning the


2 Leave in only if the Grantee is an employee of the Company or an affiliate of the Company.

 

6


subject matter hereof, and supersede all earlier negotiations and understandings, written or oral, between the Parties with respect thereto. This Agreement is made under and subject to the provisions of the Plan, and all of the provisions of the Plan are hereby incorporated by reference into this Agreement. In the event of any conflict between the provisions of this Agreement and the provisions of the Plan, the provisions of the Plan shall govern. By signing this Agreement, the Grantee confirms that he has received a copy of the Plan and has had an opportunity to review the contents thereof.

 

(g) Captions . The captions and headings of the sections and subsections of this Agreement are included for convenience only and are not to be considered in construing or interpreting this Agreement.

 

(h) Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which when signed by the Company or the Grantee will be deemed an original and all of which together will be deemed the same agreement.

 

(i) Assignment . The Company may assign its rights and delegate its duties under this Agreement. If any such assignment or delegation requires consent of any state securities authorities, the parties agree to cooperate in requesting such consent. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the Company and, subject to the restrictions on transfer herein set forth, be binding upon the Grantee, his heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns.

 

(j) Severability . This Agreement will be severable, and the invalidity or unenforceability of any term or provision hereof will not affect the validity or enforceability of this Agreement or of any other term or provision hereof. Furthermore, in lieu of any invalid or unenforceable term or provision, the Parties intend that there be added as a part of this Agreement a valid and enforceable provision as similar in terms to such invalid or unenforceable provision as may be possible.

 

7


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Agreement on the day and year first above written.

 

JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.
By    
   

Name:

   
   

Title:

   

 

The undersigned hereby accepts and agrees to all the terms and provisions of the foregoing Agreement.

 

   
[name of Grantee]

 

     
   

Number of Shares

     
     
   

Address

 

8


 

EXHIBIT A-1

 

ASSIGNMENT SEPARATE FROM CERTIFICATE

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, [                      ] (the “Grantee”) hereby assigns and transfers unto JER Investors Trust Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), (                      ) shares of Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), standing in [his][its] name on the books of said corporation represented by Certificate No.              herewith and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint                                  to transfer the said stock on the books of the within named corporation with full power of substitution in the premises.

 

This Assignment Separate from Certificate may be used only in accordance with the Restricted Stock Agreement (the “Agreement”) of the Company and the undersigned dated [                      ].

 

Dated:                      ,         Signature:                     

 

INSTRUCTIONS: Please do not fill in any blanks other than the signature line. The purpose of this Assignment Separate from Certificate is to return the shares to the Company in the event the Grantee forfeits any of such shares as set forth in the Agreement, without requiring additional signatures on the part of the Grantee. This Assignment Separate from Certificate must be delivered to the Company with the above Certificate No.              .

 


 

EXHIBIT A-2

 

JOINT ESCROW INSTRUCTIONS

 

                     , 20     

 

JER Investors Trust Inc.

1650 Tysons Blvd., Suite 1600

McLean, VA 22102

 

Attention: [Secretary]

 

Dear                      :

 

As Escrow Agent for both JER Investors Trust Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), and [                      ] (“Grantee”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), you are hereby authorized and directed to hold the documents delivered to you pursuant to the terms of that certain Restricted Stock Agreement between the Company and Grantee, dated                      , 2004 (the “Agreement”), in accordance with the following instructions:

 

1. If the Grantee’s [employment with the Company or the Company’s affiliate] [service relationship with the Company] terminates for any reason prior to the expiration of the Restricted Period (as defined in the Agreement), the Company shall give to Grantee and to you a written notice specifying the number of shares of Common Stock (the “Shares”) that the Grantee shall forfeit pursuant to Section 4 of the Agreement and the time for a closing hereunder at the principal office of the Company. Grantee and the Company hereby irrevocably authorize and direct you to close the transaction contemplated by such notice in accordance with the terms of said notice.

 

2. At the closing, you are directed (a) to date the Assignment Separate From Certificate necessary for the transfer in question, (b) to fill in the number of Shares being transferred, and (c) to deliver same, together with the certificate evidencing the Shares to be transferred, to the Company or its assignee.

 

3.

Grantee hereby irrevocably authorizes the Company to deposit with you any certificates evidencing the Shares to be held by you hereunder and any additions and substitutions to said Shares as set forth in the Agreement. Grantee does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint you as Grantee’s attorney-in-fact and agent for the term of this escrow to execute with respect to such Shares all documents necessary or appropriate to make such Shares negotiable and to complete any transaction herein contemplated, including, but not limited to, the filing with any applicable state blue sky authority of any required applications for consent to, or notice of transfer of, the Shares.

 


 

Subject to the provisions of this Section 3, Grantee shall exercise all rights and privileges of a stockholder of the Company while the stock is being held by you.

 

4. Upon written request of the Grantee, but not more than once per calendar year, you will deliver to Grantee a certificate or certificates representing the aggregate number of Shares that are not then subject to the Restricted Period. Within 120 days after Grantee’s termination of employment or service with the Company, you will deliver to Grantee, or Grantee’s representative, as the case may be, a certificate or certificates representing the aggregate number of Shares held or issued pursuant to the Agreement and not subject to the Restricted Period.

 

5. If at the time of termination of this escrow you should have in your possession any documents, securities, or other property belonging to Grantee, you shall deliver all of the same to Grantee and shall be discharged of all further obligations hereunder.

 

6. Your duties hereunder may be altered, amended, modified or revoked only by a writing signed by all of the parties hereto.

 

7. You shall be obligated only for the performance of such duties as are specifically set forth herein and may rely and shall be protected in relying or refraining from acting on any instrument reasonably believed by you to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties. You shall not be personally liable for any act you may do or omit to do hereunder as Escrow Agent or as attorney-in-fact for Grantee while acting in good faith, and any act done or omitted by you pursuant to the advice of your own attorneys shall be conclusive evidence of such good faith.

 

8. You are hereby expressly authorized to disregard any and all warnings given by any of the parties hereto or by any other person or corporation, excepting only orders or process of courts of law and are hereby expressly authorized to comply with and obey orders, judgments or decrees of any court. In case you obey or comply with any such order, judgment or decree, you shall not be liable to any of the parties hereto or to any other person, firm or corporation by reason of such compliance, notwithstanding any such order, judgment or decree being subsequently reversed, modified, annulled, set aside, vacated or found to have been entered without jurisdiction.

 

9. You shall not be liable in any respect on account of the identity, authorities or rights of the parties executing or delivering or purporting to execute or deliver the Agreement or any documents or papers deposited or called for hereunder.

 

A-2


10. You shall not be liable for the outlawing of any rights under the Statute of Limitations with respect to these Joint Escrow Instructions or any documents deposited with you.

 

11. You shall be entitled to employ such legal counsel and other experts as you may deem necessary and proper to advise you in connection with your obligations hereunder, may rely upon the advice of such counsel, and may pay such counsel reasonable compensation therefor.

 

12. Your responsibilities as Escrow Agent hereunder shall terminate if you shall cease to be an officer or agent of the Company or if you shall resign by written notice to each party. In the event of any such termination, the Company shall appoint a successor Escrow Agent.

 

13. If you reasonably require other or further instruments in connection with these Joint Escrow Instructions or obligations in respect hereto, the necessary parties hereto shall join in furnishing such instruments.

 

14. It is understood and agreed that should any dispute arise with respect to the delivery and/or ownership or right of possession of the securities held by you hereunder, you are authorized and directed to retain in your possession without liability to anyone all or any part of said securities until such disputes shall have been settled either by mutual written agreement of the parties concerned or by a final order decree or judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction after the time for appeal has expired and no appeal has been perfected, but you shall be under no duty whatsoever to institute or defend any such proceedings.

 

15. Notices . All notices and other communications under this Joint Escrow Instructions shall be in writing and shall be given by facsimile or first class mail, certified or registered with return receipt requested, and shall be deemed to have been duly given three days after mailing or 24 hours after transmission by facsimile to the respective parties named below at the following addresses or at such other addresses as a party may designate by ten day’s advance written notice to each of the other parties hereto:

 

A-3


If to the Company, to:
   

JER I nvestors Trust Inc.

1650 Tysons Blvd., Suite 1600

McLean, VA 22102

Attn: Board of Directors

Facsimile:                                 

           
with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
   

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

4 Times Square

New York, New York 10036-6522

Attention: David J. Goldschmidt, Esq.

Telephone: (212) 735-3000

Facsimile: (212) 735-2000

           
If to the Grantee:              
               
               
 
If to the Escrow Agent:
    

[Address]

Attn: [Secretary]

Facsimile:                     

 

16. By signing these Joint Escrow Instructions, you become a party hereto only for the purpose of said Joint Escrow Instructions; you do not become a party to the Agreement.

 

17. This instrument shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto, and their respective successors and permitted assigns.

 

18. These Joint Escrow Instructions shall be governed by the internal substantive laws, but not the choice of law rules, of the State of Maryland.

 

A-4


GRANTEE:

     

JER INVESTORS TRUST INC.

         

Signature

      By    
         

Print Name

     

Title

   
             
             

Residence Address

           

ESCROW AGENT

           
             

Corporate Secretary

           

 

A-5


 

EXHIBIT A-3

 

CONSENT OF SPOUSE

 

I,                      , spouse of [                      ], have read and hereby approve the Restricted Stock Agreement by and between [                      ] and JER Investors Trust Inc. (the “Company”), dated                      (the “Agreement”). In consideration of the granting of the right to my spouse to receive shares of Company common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), as set forth in the Agreement, I hereby appoint my spouse as my attorney-in-fact with respect to the exercise of any rights under the Agreement and agree to be bound by the provisions of the Agreement insofar as I may have any rights in said Agreement or any shares of Common Stock issued pursuant thereto under the community property laws or similar laws relating to marital property in effect in the state of our residence as of the date of the signing of the foregoing Agreement.

 

Dated:                          ,         Signature:                     

 

A-6

Exhibit 21.1

 

Subsidiaries of JER Investors Trust Inc.

 

JER TRS Holding Company Inc.

 

Exhibit 23.1

 

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” and to the use of our report dated February 14, 2005, in the Registration Statement (Form S-11 No. 333-00000) and related Prospectus of JER Investors Trust Inc. dated February 14, 2005.

 

McLean, Virginia

February 14, 2005