AMERICAN VANGUARD CORP (Form: S-3, Received: 02/25/2005 06:01:59)

as Trustee

Authorized Signatory

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 24, 2005

Registration No. 333-________

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

2870

95-2588080

(State or other jurisdiction

of incorporation or organization)

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code Number)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

4695 MacArthur Court

Suite 1250

Newport Beach, California 92660

(949) 260-1200

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s executive offices)

Eric G. Wintemute

President and Chief Executive Officer

American Vanguard Corporation

4695 MacArthur Court, Suite 1250

Newport Beach, California 92660

(949) 260-1200

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies To:

John B. Miles, Esq.

McDermott Will & Emery LLP

18191 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 400

Irvine, California 92612-0187

(949) 851-0633

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ¨

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. x

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨ ________

If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box. ¨

Calculation of Registration Fee



Title of each class of Securities to be registered	Amount to be registered	Proposed maximum offering price per share	Proposed maximum aggregate offering price	Amount of registration fee
Debt Securities	(1),(2)	(3)	(1),(2)	N/A
Preferred Stock (par value $.10 per share)	(1),(4)	(3)	(1),(3),(4)	N/A
Common Stock (par value $.10 per share)	(1),(5)	(3)	(1),(3),(5)	N/A
Warrants	(1),(6)	(3)	(1),(3),(6)	N/A
Total	$50,000,000	(3)	$50,000,000	$5,885(7)

(1)

In no event will the aggregate maximum offering price of all securities issued pursuant to this Registration Statement exceed $50,000,000. Such amount represents the offering price of preferred stock, common stock, the principal amount of debt securities issued at their state principal amount, the offering price of debt securities issued at an original discount, and the issue price of warrants.

(2)

There is being registered hereunder an indeterminate principal amount of debt securities as may be sold from time to time by the Registrant, and an indeterminate number of debt securities as may from time to time be issued hereunder upon conversion of another series of debt securities registered hereunder.

(3)	The proposed maximum offering price per unit will be determined from time to time by the Registrant in connection with the issuance by the Registrant of the securities registered hereunder.

(4)

There is being registered hereunder an indeterminate number of shares of preferred stock as may be sold from time to time by the Registrant. There is also being registered hereunder an indeterminate number of shares of preferred stock as shall be issuable upon conversion of debt securities or exercise of securities warrants registered hereunder.

(5)

There is being registered hereunder an indeterminate number of shares of common stock as may be sold from time to time by the Registrant. There is also being registered hereunder an indeterminate number of shares of common stock as shall be issuable upon conversion of the preferred stock or debt securities or exercise of securities warrants registered hereunder.

(6)	There is being registered hereunder an indeterminate number of warrants representing rights to purchase, in each case, debt securities, preferred stock and common stock registered hereunder.

(7)	Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(o) of the rules and regulations under the Securities Act of 1933.

THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(a) OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(a), MAY DETERMINE.

Information contained in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED FEBRUARY 24, 2005

PROSPECTUS

$50,000,000

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION

Debt Securities

Preferred Stock

Common Stock

Warrants

We may offer from time to time in one or more series:

•

debt securities;

•

warrants to purchase debt securities;

•

shares of our preferred stock;

•

warrants to purchase shares of our preferred stock;

•

shares of our common stock; and

•

warrants to purchase shares of our common stock.

The aggregate initial offering price of all securities sold by us under this prospectus will not exceed $50,000,000.

This prospectus provides a general description of our securities that we may offer from time to time. We will, if required, provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the offering and the specific terms of the securities offered each time we sell our securities under this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement carefully before you invest in our securities. This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless accompanied by the applicable prospectus supplement.

Our common stock is traded on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol “AVD.” On February 22, 2005, the closing price of our common stock on the American Stock Exchange was $35.65 per share. You are urged to obtain current market quotations for our common stock.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See “ Risk Factors ” beginning on page 4 of this prospectus and, if applicable, under “Risk Factors” in the applicable prospectus supplement for certain factors you should consider before investing in our securities.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is ______________

TABLE OF CONTENTS


About this Prospectus		1
The Company		2
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges		3
Risk Factors		4
Note On Forward-Looking Statements		8
Use of Proceeds		8
Description of Securities		9
Authorized Capital Stock		9
Common Stock		9
Preferred Stock		9
Debt Securities		9
Warrants		13
Plan of Distribution		14
Where You Can Find More Information		15
Experts		16
Legal Matters		16

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, the terms “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to American Vanguard Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries.

This prospectus is part of a registration statement we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) using a “shelf” registration process. We may offer for sale and sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. The aggregate offering price of all securities that we may sell under this prospectus will not exceed $50,000,000.

The types of securities that we may offer and sell from time to time by this prospectus are:

•

our debt securities;

•

our preferred stock;

•

our common stock; and

•

warrants entitling the holders to purchase our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities.

We may sell these securities either separately or in units. We may issue debt securities convertible into shares of our common or preferred stock. The preferred stock issued may also be convertible into shares of our common stock or another series of our preferred stock.

This prospectus provides a general description of the securities we may offer. If required, we will describe in a prospectus supplement, which we will deliver with this prospectus, specific information about the offering and the terms of the particular securities offered each time we sell our securities under this prospectus. In each prospectus supplement, we will include the following information:

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the type and amount of securities that we propose to sell;

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the public offering price of the securities;

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the names of any underwriters, agents or dealers through or to which the securities will be sold, and any compensation of those underwriters, agents or dealers;

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information about any securities exchanges or automated quotation systems on which the securities will be listed or traded;

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any risk factors applicable to the securities that we propose to sell in addition to those risk factors described in this prospectus; and

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any other information we determine to be material about the offering and sale of the securities.

In addition, the prospectus supplement may also add, update or change the information contained in this prospectus.

You should rely only on the information provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement. We have not authorized anyone to give any information or make any representation about us that is different from or in addition to the information contained in this prospectus or in any of the materials that we have incorporated by reference into this document. Therefore, if anyone does give you information of this sort, you should not rely on it as authorized by us.

If you are in a jurisdiction where offers to sell, or solicitations of offers to purchase, the securities offered by this prospectus are unlawful, or if you are a person to whom it is unlawful to direct these types of activities, then the offer presented in this prospectus does not extend to you.

Neither the delivery of this prospectus, nor any sale made under this prospectus, shall under any circumstances create any implication that there has been no change in our affairs since the date of this prospectus or that the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus is correct as of any time subsequent to the date of such information. You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional information described under “Where You Can Find More Information” on page 15 of this prospectus.

THE COMPANY

We are a holding company that conducts its business through its subsidiaries: AMVAC Chemical Corporation, GemChem, Inc., 2110 Davie Corporation, AMVAC Chemical UK Ltd., Quimica AMVAC De Mexico S.A. de C.V., and Environmental Mediation, Inc.

AMVAC Chemical Corporation

AMVAC is our principal operating subsidiary and is a specialty chemical manufacturer that develops and markets products for agricultural and commercial uses. It manufactures and formulates chemicals for crops, human and animal health protection. These chemicals, including insecticides, fungicides, molluscicides, growth regulators and soil fumigants, are marketed in liquid, powder and granular forms. AMVAC primarily manufactures, distributes and formulates its own proprietary products, or custom manufactures or formulates products for others.

AMVAC Chemical UK Ltd.

AMVAC UK develops product registration and distributor networks for product lines throughout Europe.

Quimica AMVAC De Mexico S.A. de C.V.

AMVAC Mexico markets chemical products for agricultural and commercial uses in Mexico and related areas.

GemChem, Inc.

GemChem is a national chemical distributor. GemChem purchases key raw materials and sells into the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and nutritional markets.

2110 Davie Corporation

Davie Corporation currently owns real estate for corporate use only.

Environmental Mediation, Inc.

EMI is an environmental consulting firm.

You can contact us by mail or telephone at:

American Vanguard Corporation

4695 MacArthur Court, Suite 1250

Newport Beach, California 92660

(949) 260-1200

Attn: Chief Financial Officer

RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES

The ratio of earnings to fixed charges for each of the periods indicated is as follows: *


	Nine Months Ended Sept. 30, 2004	Year Ended December 31,
	Nine Months Ended Sept. 30, 2004	2003	2002	2001	2000	1999
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges	15.66	44.74	19.49	7.71	5.37	4.15

*	The computation of the ratios of earnings to fixed charges is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement filed with the SEC, of which this prospectus is a part.

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities is highly speculative and subject to a high degree of risk. Only those who can bear the risk of the entire loss of their investment should participate. You should carefully consider the following risk factors in addition to the other information contained and incorporated by reference in this prospectus before investing in our securities.

Our business may be adversely affected by cyclical and seasonal effects.

The chemical industry in general is cyclical and demands for our products tend to be slightly seasonal. Seasonal usage follows varying agricultural seasonal patterns, weather conditions and weather related pressure from pests, and customer marketing programs and requirements. Weather patterns can have an impact on our operations. The end user of some of our products may, because of weather patterns, delay or intermittently disrupt field work during the planting season which may result in a reduction of the use of some of our products and therefore may reduce our revenues and profitability. There can be no assurance that we will adequately address any adverse seasonal effects.

The industry in which we do business is extremely competitive and our business may suffer if we are unable to compete effectively.

Generally, the treatment against pests of any kind is broad in scope, there being more than one way or one product for treatment, eradication, or suppression. We face competition from many domestic and foreign manufacturers, marketers and distributors participating in our marketplace. Competition in our marketplace is based primarily on efficacy, price, safety and ease of application. Many of our competitors are larger and have substantially greater financial and technical resources. Our ability to compete depends on our ability to develop additional applications for our current products, and to expand our product lines and customer base. We compete principally on the basis of the quality of our products, and the technical service and support given to our customers. There can be no assurance that we will compete successfully with our existing competitors or with any new competitors.

If we are unable successfully to position ourselves in smaller niche markets, our business may be materially adversely affected.

We have attempted to position ourselves in smaller niche markets that have been or are being abandoned by larger chemical companies. These types of markets tend not to attract larger chemical companies due to the smaller volume demand, and larger chemical companies have been divesting themselves of products that fall into such niches. These smaller niche markets require significant and intensive management input and ongoing product research and are near product maturity. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in these smaller niche markets or, if we are successful in one or more niche markets, that we will continue to be successful in such niche markets.

The manufacturing of our products is subject to governmental regulations.

We operate two manufacturing facilities—one in Los Angeles, California and the other in Axis, Alabama (the “Facilities”). The Facilities operate under the terms and conditions imposed by required licenses and permits by state and local authorities. The manufacturing of key ingredients for our products occurs at the Facilities. An inability to renew or maintain a license or permit or if the fees for such licenses or permits were increased significantly, either would impede our access to key ingredients and the cost of production would increase, either of which would materially and adversely affect our ability to provide our products in a timely and affordable manner.

The distribution and sale of our products are subject to prior governmental approvals and thereafter ongoing governmental regulation.

Our products are subject to laws administered by federal, state and foreign governments, including regulations requiring registration, approval and labeling of our products. The labeling requirements restrict the

use of and type of application for our products. More stringent restrictions could make our products less desirable which would adversely affect our revenues and profitability. Substantially all of our products are subject to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) registration and re-registration requirements, and are conditionally registered in accordance with the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (“FIFRA”). Such registration requirements are based, among other things, on data demonstrating that the product will not cause unreasonable adverse effects on human health or the environment when used according to approved label directions. All states where any of our products are used also require registration before they can be marketed or used in that state. Governmental regulatory authorities have required, and may require in the future, that certain scientific data requirements be performed on our products. We, on our behalf and in joint efforts with other registration holders, have and are currently furnishing certain required data relative to our products. Under FIFRA, the federal government requires us to submit a wide range of scientific data to support U.S. registrations. This requirement has significantly increased our operating expenses in such areas as testing and the production of new products. We expect such increases to continue in the future. Because scientific analyses are constantly improving, it cannot be determined with certainty whether or not new or additional tests may be required by regulatory authorities. Responding to such requirements may cause delays in the sales of our products which delays would adversely affect our profitability. While FIFRA Good Laboratory Practice standards specify the minimum practices and procedures which must be followed in order to ensure the quality and integrity of data related to these tests submitted to the EPA, there can be no assurance the EPA will not request certain tests or studies be repeated. In addition, more stringent legislation or requirements may be imposed in the future. We can provide no assurance that any testing approvals or registrations will be granted on a timely basis, if at all, or that our resources will be adequate to meet the costs of regulatory compliance.

We may be subject to environmental liabilities.

The Company, its facilities and its products are subject to numerous federal and state laws and governmental regulations concerning environmental matters and employee health and safety. We continually adapt our manufacturing process to the environmental control standards of the various regulatory agencies. The EPA and other federal and state agencies have the authority to promulgate regulations that could have a significant impact on our operations. We expend substantial funds to minimize the discharge of materials in the environment and to comply with governmental regulations relating to protection of the environment. Federal and state authorities may seek fines and penalties for violation of the various laws and governmental regulations, and could, among other things, impose liability on us for cleaning up the damage resulting from release of pesticides and other agents into the environment.

Our use of hazardous materials exposes us to potential liabilities.

Our development and manufacturing of chemical products involve the controlled use of hazardous materials. While we continually adapt our manufacturing process to the environmental control standards of regulatory authorities, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from hazardous or regulated materials. In the event of such contamination or injury, we may be held liable for significant damages or fines. In the event that such damages or fines are assessed, it could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

Our business may give rise to product liability claims not covered by insurance or indemnity agreements.

Our manufacturing, marketing, distribution and use of chemical products involve substantial risk of product liability claims. A successful product liability claim which is not insured may require us to pay substantial amounts of damages. In the event that such damages are paid, it could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

Adverse results in pending legal and regulatory proceedings could have adverse effects on our business.

We may be, from time to time, involved in legal and regulatory proceedings. The results of litigation cannot be predicted with certainty. We have and will continue to expend resources and incur expenses in connection

with these proceedings. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in these proceedings. While the Company continually evaluates insurance levels for product liability, property damage and other potential areas of risk, an adverse determination in one or more of these proceedings could subject us to significant liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition and operating results.

Our future success will depend on our ability to develop additional applications for our products, and to expand our product lines and customer base.

We have grown primarily by a strategy of acquiring mature product lines from larger competitors and expanding sales of these products based on new applications and new users. Our success will depend in part on our ability to develop additional applications for our products, and to expand our product lines and customer base in a highly competitive market. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in adequately addressing these development needs on a timely basis or that, if these developments are addressed, we will be successful in the marketplace. In addition, there can be no assurance that products or technologies (e.g., genetic engineering) developed by others will not render our products noncompetitive or obsolete which would have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. Many of the mature product lines we have acquired from larger competitors were divested as a result of mergers involving such larger competitors.

We face risks related to acquisitions of product lines.

We have expanded and intend to continue to expand our operations through the acquisition of additional product lines from these larger competitors. There can be no assurance that we will be able to identify, acquire or profitably manage additional product lines, or successfully integrate any acquired product lines without substantial expenses, delays or other operational or financial problems. There is an increasing trend in selling mature product lines through a competitive bid process. As a result we may not be the successful bidder for a desirable product or if successful, we may pay a higher price for such product than if there was no competitive bid process. Further, acquisitions may involve a number of special risks or effects, including diversion of management’s attention, failure to retain key acquired personnel, unanticipated events or circumstances, minimum purchase quantities, legal liabilities and amortization of acquired intangible assets and other one-time or ongoing acquisition related expenses. Some or all of these special risks or effects could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. Client satisfaction or performance problems associated with a product line could have a material adverse impact on our reputation. In addition, there can be no assurance that acquired product lines, if any, will achieve anticipated revenues and earnings.

We rely on intellectual property which we may be unable to protect, or we may be found to infringe the rights of others.

Our proprietary product formulations are protected, to the extent possible, as trade secrets and, to a lesser extent, by patents and trademarks. Most of the mature products that we have acquired which were patented are currently “off patent” because the patent has expired. We can provide no assurance that the way we protect our proprietary rights will be adequate or that our competitors will not independently develop similar or competing products.

Further, we can provide no assurance that we are not infringing other parties’ rights. Any claims could require us to spend significant sums in litigation, pay damages, develop non-infringing intellectual property or acquire licenses to the intellectual property which is the subject of asserted infringement.

We rely on key executives in large part for our success.

Our success is highly dependent upon the efforts and abilities of our executive officers, particularly Eric G. Wintemute, our President and Chief Executive Officer. Although Mr. Wintemute has entered into an employment agreement with the Company, this does not guarantee that he will continue his employment. The loss of the

services of Mr. Wintemute or other executive officers could have a material adverse effect upon our business and operating results.

Concentration of ownership among our existing Co-Chairmen of the Board of Directors may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.

As of January 1, 2005, Herbert A. Kraft and Glenn A. Wintemute, our Co-Chairmen of the Board of Directors, beneficially owned approximately 15.45% and 11.89%, respectively, of our common stock (excluding options to purchase our common stock). These stockholders as a group will be able to influence substantially our Board of Directors and thus our management and affairs. If acting together, they would be able to influence most matters requiring the approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors, any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets and any other significant corporate transaction. The concentration of ownership may also delay or prevent a change in control if opposed by these stockholders irrespective of whether the proposed transaction is at a premium price or otherwise beneficial to our stockholders as a whole.

Our stock price may be volatile and your investment in our stock could decline in value.

The market prices for securities of companies in our industry have been highly volatile and may continue to be highly volatile in the future. Often this volatility is unrelated to operating performance of a company.

Our business may be adversely affected by terrorist activities.

Our business depends on the free flow of products and services through the channels of commerce. Recently, in response to terrorists’ activities and threats aimed at the United States, transportation, mail, financial and other services have been slowed or stopped altogether. Further delays or stoppages in transportation, mail, financial or other services could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, we may experience an increase in operating costs, such as costs for transportation, insurance and security as a result of the activities and potential activities. We may also experience delays in receiving payments from payers that have been affected by the terrorist activities and potential activities. The U.S. economy in general is being adversely affected by the terrorist activities and potential activities and any economic downturn could adversely impact results of operations, impair the ability to raise capital or otherwise adversely affect the ability to grow the business.

Compliance with changing regulation of corporate governance and public disclosure may result in additional expenses.

Complying with changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, new SEC regulations and changes to the American Stock Exchange rules, will require us to expend significant resources. We are committed to maintaining the highest standards of corporate governance and public disclosure. As a result, we will continue to invest necessary resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities.

The impact of FAS 123(R) may require us to recognize a significant financial expense for stock options.

FAS 123(R), as published by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, will require us, as a public company, to recognize in our financial statements an expense for stock options that are granted or that become exercisable after June 15, 2005. We are in the process of determining the level and impact of such recognition. If the level of such expense is high, it could have a significant adverse effect on our financial results as reported in our financial statements.

NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and the documents it incorporates by reference contain forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements relate to future periods and include descriptions of our plans, objectives, and underlying assumptions for future operations, our market opportunities, our acquisition opportunities, and our ability to compete. Generally, “may,” “could,” “will,” “would,” “expect,” “believe,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “continue” and similar words identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and are subject to risks and uncertainties that can cause actual results to differ materially. For information on these risks and uncertainties, see the “Risk Factors” beginning on page 4 of this prospectus. We urge you to consider these factors carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus. Forward-looking statements are made only as of the date of this prospectus.

USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds we receive from the sale of our securities offered by this prospectus for general corporate purposes, which may include the acquisition of companies, business operations, products or product lines, and/or the repayment of existing indebtedness.

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

The following is a general description of the terms and provisions of the securities we may offer and sell under this prospectus. This description is not meant to be complete. This prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement will contain the material terms and conditions of each security. The prospectus supplement may add, update or change the terms and conditions of the securities as described in this prospectus.

AUTHORIZED CAPITAL STOCK

Our authorized capital stock consists of 40,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.10 par value, and 400,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.10 par value. Our certificate of incorporation, as amended, does not authorize any other classes of capital stock.

COMMON STOCK

We have one class of common stock. Holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by our stockholders and may not cumulate votes for the election of directors.

Holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to receive ratably dividends as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors out of funds legally available for dividend payments. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, after full payment of all liabilities, the holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in all remaining assets. Our common stock has no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the shares of our existing common stock.

Our common stock is listed on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol “AVD”. American Stock Transfer & Trust Co. is the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock.

PREFERRED STOCK

At the date of this prospectus, no shares of our preferred stock have been issued. Our board of directors may, without stockholder approval, issue up to 400,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and, subject to Delaware corporation law, may establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series and to fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each series of our preferred stock and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions of each series of our preferred stock.

Although we currently do not intend to do so, our board may issue shares of preferred stock with voting and conversion rights and liquidation preferences that could negatively affect the voting power and other rights of holders of our common stock, and the board could take that action without stockholder approval.

DEBT SECURITIES

We may issue from time to time one or more series of debt securities. The debt securities will be issued under the indenture substantially in the form filed as an exhibit to the registration statement filed with the SEC, of which this prospectus is a part. The prospectus supplement for each series of debt securities will state the name of the trustee for such series.

The following is a summary of the material provisions of the indenture. It does not restate the indenture entirely and is qualified by reference to the indenture and any supplements or amendments to the indenture. We urge you to read the indenture and any such supplements and amendments before you invest in any of our debt securities.

Term of the Debt Securities

Our debt securities will be secured or unsecured obligations. We may issue them in one or more series. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the material terms of the debt securities, including:

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the title of the debt securities;

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the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities and any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the series of debt securities;

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the date or dates on which principal of the debt securities will be payable;

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the rate or rates at which the debt securities will bear any interest, as well as the dates from which interest will accrue, the dates on which interest will be payable and the date for the interest payable on any payment date;

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the place or places where principal, and any premium and interest, on the debt securities will be payable and where the debt securities which are in registered form can be presented for registration of transfer or exchange; and the identification of any depositary or depositaries for any global debt securities;

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any provisions regarding our right to redeem or purchase the debt securities or the right of holders to require us to redeem or purchase the debt securities;

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any provisions requiring or permitting us to make payments to a sinking fund to be used to purchase or redeem the debt securities;

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any restrictions upon our ability to incur additional debt;

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the denominations in which the debt securities are issuable;

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the currency or currencies in which principal and interest will be payable, if other than United States Dollars;

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any additions to, modifications of or deletions from the terms of the debt securities with respect to events of default or covenants or other provisions set forth in the indenture;

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whether and upon what terms the debt securities may be defeased if different from the provisions set forth in the indenture;

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the percentage of the principal amount at which debt securities will be issued and, if other than the full principal amount thereof, the percentage of the principal amount of the debt securities which is payable if maturity of the debt securities is accelerated because of a default;

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the nature and terms of the security for any secured debt securities;

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the specific terms and conditions, if any, upon which the debt securities may be subordinated to our other indebtedness;

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the amount of our then outstanding debt, both secured and unsecured, that will rank senior to the debt securities, rank equal to the debt securities, and be subordinated to the debt securities;

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any right of holders of the debt securities to convert them into our common or preferred stock and the terms of any such conversion; and

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any other material terms of the debt securities, which may be in addition to or different from the terms set forth in the indenture and this prospectus.

Events of Default and Remedies

An event of default with respect to any series of debt securities will be defined in the indenture as being:

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our default in payment when due of the principal of or any premium on any of the debt securities of that series;

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our default for 30 days in payment of any installment of interest on any debt securities of that series;

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default by us in the observance or performance of certain covenants in the indenture relating to that series and, with respect to certain of those covenants, we have not cured such default after 60 days’ notice;

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certain events involving our bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization; and

•

any additional events of default set forth in the prospectus supplement applicable to that series of debt securities.

The trustee may withhold notice to the holders of any series of debt securities of any default, except a default in payment of principal or any premium or interest with respect to that series of debt securities, if the trustee considers it in the interest of the holders of the series of debt securities to do so.

If certain events involving bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur, all amounts of principal and interest due to the holders of our debt securities will become immediately due and payable. If any other event of default has occurred and is continuing with respect to any series of debt securities, the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of that series of debt securities then outstanding may declare the principal of all the debt securities of that series to be due and payable immediately. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of that series then outstanding by written notice to the trustee and to us may waive any event of default with respect to that series of debt securities, other than any continuing event of default in payment of principal or interest. Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding debt securities of any series may rescind an acceleration with respect to that series and its consequences, except an acceleration due to a default resulting from continuing nonpayment of principal or interest on that series, if the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree and if all existing events of default with respect to that series have been cured or waived.

The holders of a majority of the outstanding principal amount of the debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceedings for any remedy available to the trustee with respect to that series, subject to limitations specified in the indenture.

Defeasance

We may terminate all our obligations under the indenture as they relate to any particular series of debt securities, other than the obligation to pay any interest on and the principal of the debt securities of that series and certain other obligations, at any time by: (i) depositing in trust with the trustee, under an irrevocable trust agreement, money or United States government obligations in an amount sufficient to pay principal of and any interest on the debt securities of that series to their maturity; and (ii) complying with other conditions, including delivery to the trustee of an opinion of counsel or a ruling received from the Internal Revenue Service to the effect that holders will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of our exercise of the right and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case otherwise.

In addition, if there is a change in applicable tax law or we receive an appropriate Internal Revenue Service letter ruling, we may terminate all of our obligations under the indenture as they relate to any particular series of debt securities, including the obligations to pay any interest on and the principal of the debt securities of that series and certain other obligations, at any time by: (i) depositing in trust with the trustee, under an irrevocable trust agreement, money or United States government obligations in an amount sufficient to pay principal of and any interest on the debt securities of that series to their maturity, and (ii) complying with other conditions, including delivery to the trustee of an opinion of counsel or a ruling received from the Internal Revenue Service to the effect that holders will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of our exercise of the right and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case otherwise, which opinion of counsel is based upon a change in the applicable federal tax law since the date of the indenture.

Transfer and Exchange

A holder of debt securities will be able to transfer or exchange debt securities only in accordance with the indenture. The registrar may require a holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents, and to pay any taxes and fees required by law or permitted by the indenture.

Amendment, Supplement and Waiver

Without the consent of any holder, we and the trustee may amend or supplement the indenture or the debt securities to:

•

add covenants, agreements and obligations applicable to us for the benefit of the holders of any series of debt securities or to surrender any right or power conferred by the indenture upon us;

•

evidence the assumption by a successor corporation of our obligations under the indenture and any series of debt securities;

•

appoint a successor trustee with respect to any series of debt securities and to add to or change any provision of the indenture as is necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of any trusts created pursuant to the indenture by more than one trustee;

•

establish the form or terms of any series of unissued debt securities;

•

provide that specific provisions of the indenture will not apply to a particular series of unissued debt securities;

•

provide for uncertificated debt securities in addition to or in place of certificated debt securities;

•

cure any ambiguity, omission, defect or inconsistency;

•

secure any series of debt securities; or

•

make any change that does not adversely affect the legal rights of any holder of debt securities.

With the exceptions discussed below, we and the trustee may amend or supplement the indenture or the debt securities of a particular series with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the affected series then outstanding. In addition, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of that series then outstanding may waive any existing default under, or compliance with, any provision of the indenture relating to a particular series of debt securities, other than any continuing event of default in payment of interest or principal. These consents and waivers may be obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for debt securities.

Without the consent of each holder affected, we and the trustee may not:

•

reduce the amount of debt securities of any series whose holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;

•

reduce the rate of or change the time for payment of interest;

•

reduce the principal of or change the fixed maturity of any debt security or alter any provision with respect to redemptions or mandatory offers to repurchase debt securities;

•

make any debt security payable at a place or in money other than that stated in the debt security;

•

modify certain provisions of the indenture relating to waivers that require the consent of holders;

•

modify the rights of holders to receive payment of principal and interest with respect to any debt security or to bring suit to enforce such payment;

•

adversely modify the ranking or priority of the debt securities; or

•

waive a continuing default in the payment of principal of or interest on the debt securities.

The right of any holder to participate in any consent required or sought pursuant to any provision of the indenture, and our obligation to obtain any consent otherwise required from that holder, may be subject to the requirement that the holder shall have been the holder of record of any debt securities with respect to which the consent is required or sought as of a date identified by the trustee in a notice furnished to holders in accordance with the indenture.

Concerning the Trustee

In case an event of default occurs and is not cured, the trustee will be required, in the exercise of its power, to use the degree of care of a prudent person in similar circumstances in the conduct of its own affairs. The trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power under the indenture, including proceeding to enforce a lien in an event of default, unless it receives indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense.

Governing Law

The laws of the State of New York will govern the indenture and the debt securities.

WARRANTS

We may issue warrants for the purchase of our debt securities, preferred stock, or common stock. Warrants may be issued independently or together with debt securities, preferred stock or common stock and may be attached to or separate from these securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement. We will distribute a prospectus supplement with regard to each issue or series of warrants. Each such prospectus supplement will describe:

•

the title of the warrants;

•

the aggregate number of warrants to be issued and currently outstanding, if any;

•

the price or prices at which the warrants will be issued;

•

the number or principal amount of securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants and the exercise price of each warrant;

•

the procedures and conditions relating to the exercise of the warrants including: (i) the date on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and the date on which the right will expire; (ii) the maximum or minimum number of the warrants which may be exercised at any time; and (iii) any limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of such warrants;

•

in the case of warrants to purchase our preferred or common stock, any provisions for adjustment of the number or amount of shares of our preferred or common stock receivable upon exercise of the warrants or the exercise price of the warrants;

•

in the case of warrants to purchase preferred stock, the designation, stated value and terms, such as liquidation, dividend, conversion and voting rights, of the series of preferred stock purchasable upon exercise of the warrants;

•

if applicable, a discussion of any material federal income tax considerations; and

•

any other material terms of such warrants.

Each warrant will entitle the holder of the warrant to purchase the securities, at the exercise price as shall be set forth in, or be determinable as set forth in, the prospectus supplement relating to the warrants. Warrants may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will be void.

Upon receipt of payment and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as practicable, forward the securities purchased upon such exercise. If less than all of the warrants represented by a warrant certificate are exercised, a new warrant certificate will be issued for the remaining warrants.

Prior to the exercise of any warrants, holders of the warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon exercise, including (i) in the case of warrants for the purchase of debt securities, the right to receive payments of principal of, or any premium or interest on, the debt securities purchasable upon exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture; or (ii) in the case of warrants for the purchase of preferred or common stock, the right to vote or to receive any payments of dividends on the preferred or common stock purchasable upon exercise.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell our securities to one or more underwriters for public offering and sale by them or may sell our securities to investors directly or through agents. Any underwriter or agent involved in the offer and sale of our securities will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. We reserve the right to sell securities directly to investors on our own behalf in those jurisdictions where and in a manner as we are authorized to do so.

Underwriters may offer and sell our securities at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. We also may offer and sell our securities in exchange for one or more of our outstanding issues of the securities or other securities. We also may, from time to time, authorize dealers, acting as our agents, to offer and sell our securities upon the terms and conditions as are set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

In connection with the sale of our securities, underwriters may receive compensation from us in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions and may also receive commissions from purchasers of the securities for whom they may act as agent. Underwriters may sell our securities to or through dealers, and the dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agent.

Any underwriting compensation we pay to underwriters or agents in connection with the offering of our securities, and any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers, will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Dealers and agents participating in the distribution of securities may be deemed to be underwriters, and any discounts and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions. Underwriters, dealers and agents may be entitled, under agreements we enter into, to indemnification against and contribution toward certain civil liabilities.

The net proceeds we receive from the sale of our securities will be the purchase price of the securities less any discounts or commissions and the other attributable expenses of issuance and distribution of our securities.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document that we file at the SEC’s public reference room located at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may also obtain copies of this information by mail from the public reference room section of the SEC, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Room 1024, Washington, D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms. Our filings with the SEC are also available to the public on the SEC’s Internet web site at http://www.sec.gov .

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus. We incorporate by reference the following documents we filed with the SEC:

•

our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, as amended;

•

our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004;

•

our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004, as amended;

•

our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2004;

•

our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 14, 2004, December 10, 2004, and December 20, 2004; and

•

the description of our common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on January 16, 1998.

All documents we file later with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of the offering of the securities shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in and be a part of this prospectus from the date of filing of such documents. Nothing in this prospectus shall be deemed to incorporate information furnished to but not deemed to be filed with the SEC.

Any statement contained in this prospectus, in a prospectus supplement, or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein or in the applicable prospectus supplement or in any subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.

We will provide without charge to each person to whom this prospectus is delivered, on the request of such person, a copy of any or all the documents incorporated herein by reference, including exhibits to such documents that are specifically incorporated by reference. Requests for copies in writing or by telephone should be directed to:

American Vanguard Corporation

4695 MacArthur Court, Suite 1250

Newport Beach, California 92660

(949) 260-1200

Attention: Chief Financial Officer

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of American Vanguard Corporation, incorporated by reference in this prospectus, have been audited by BDO Seidman, LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, to the extent and for the periods set forth in their report incorporated herein by reference, and are incorporated herein in reliance upon such report given upon the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon by McDermott Will & Emery LLP. John B. Miles, a partner with McDermott Will & Emery LLP, is a member of our board of directors. Mr. Miles owns shares of our common stock and has options, granted to him as a member of our board of directors, to acquire shares of our common stock.

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS

Item 14.

Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

The following are the estimated expenses (other than the SEC registration fee) of the offering of the securities being registered:


SEC registration fee	$	5,885
Printing and engraving expenses		25,000
Fees and expenses of counsel		50,000
Fees and expenses of accountants		10,000
Trustee fees and expenses		10,000
Miscellaneous		25,000

Total	$	125,885

Item 15.

Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

American Vanguard Corporation is a Delaware corporation. Under Delaware law, a corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to an action (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of his service as a director or officer of the corporation, or his service, at the corporation’s request, as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) that are actually and reasonably incurred by him, and judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement that are actually and reasonably incurred by him, in connection with the defense or settlement of such action (collectively, “Expenses”), provided that he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the corporation’s best interests and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. Although Delaware law permits a corporation to indemnify any person referred to above against Expenses in connection with the defense or settlement of an action by or in the right of the corporation, provided that he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the corporation’s best interests, if such person has been judged liable to the corporation, indemnification is only permitted to the extent that the Court of Chancery (or the court in which the action was brought) determines that, despite the adjudication of liability, such person is entitled to indemnity for such Expenses as the court deems proper. The determination as to whether a person seeking indemnification has met the required standard of conduct is to be made (i) by a majority vote of a quorum of disinterested members of the board of directors, or (ii) by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, if such a quorum does not exist or if the disinterested directors so direct, or (iii) by the stockholders. The General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware also provides for mandatory indemnification of any director, officer, employee or agent against Expenses to the extent such person has been successful in any proceeding covered by the statute. In addition, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware provides the general authorization of advancement of a director’s or officer’s litigation expenses in lieu of requiring the authorization of such advancement by the board of directors in specific cases, and that indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by the statute shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement or otherwise.

The Company’s Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, each as amended, provide for indemnification of the Company’s directors, officers, employees and other agents to the fullest extent not prohibited by the Delaware law. Each of the Company’s directors is also a party to a written indemnification agreement with the Company.

The Company maintains liability insurance for the benefit of its directors and officers.

II-1

Item 16.

Exhibits.

See the Exhibit Index attached to this Registration Statement and incorporated herein by reference.

Item 17.

Undertakings.

(a)	The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1)

To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i)

To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

(ii)

To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of this registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in this registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

(iii)

To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.

Provided, however, that paragraphs (A)(1)(i) and (A)(1)(ii) of this Item 17 do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement.

(2)

That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

(3)

That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(4)

To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(5)

That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(6)

To file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Act.

II-2

(b)

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officer and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

II-3

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the undersigned registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Newport Beach, California on February 23, 2005.


AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION

By:		/ S / J AMES A. B ARRY
		James A. Barry, Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary/Treasurer

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Eric G. Wintemute and James A. Barry, and each of them, his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities (including his capacity as a director and/or officer of American Vanguard Corporation) to sign any or all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement and to sign any subsequent registration statement pursuant to Section 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or their or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons or their attorneys-in-fact in the capacities indicated on the dates indicated.


Signature	Title	Date

/s/ E RIC G. W INTEMUTE Eric G. Wintemute	President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)	February 23, 2005

/s/ J AMES A. B ARRY James A. Barry	Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary/Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	February 23, 2005

/s/ H ERBERT A. K RAFT Herbert A. Kraft	Co-Chairman	February 23, 2005

/s/ G LENN A. W INTEMUTE Glenn A. Wintemute	Co-Chairman	February 23, 2005

/s/ J OHN B. M ILES John B. Miles	Director	February 23, 2005

II-4


Signature	Title	Date

/s/ C ARL R. S ODERLIND Carl R. Soderlind	Director	February 23, 2005

/s/ J AY R. H ARRIS Jay R. Harris	Director	February 23, 2005

/s/ I RVING J. T HAU Irving J. Thau	Director	February 23, 2005

II-5

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit Number		Description of Exhibit

1.1		Form of Underwriting Agreement.*

4.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of American Vanguard Corporation, filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference.**

4.2		Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of American Vanguard Corporation, filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form 10-Q/A for the period ended June 30, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference.**

4.3		Amended and Restated Bylaws of American Vanguard Corporation, filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference.**

4.4		Form of Indenture (filed herewith).

5.1		Opinion and Consent of McDermott Will & Emery LLP (filed herewith).

12.1		Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Charges (filed herewith).

23.1		Consent of BDO Seidman, LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (filed herewith).

23.2		Consent of McDermott Will & Emery LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).

24.1		Power of Attorney (included on signature page).

25.1		Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility of Trustee under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.*

*	To be filed by amendment or under subsequent Current Report on Form 8-K.

**	Incorporated by reference from other filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission as indicated.

Exhibit 4.4

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION

Trustee

FORM OF INDENTURE

Dated as of February , 2005

Debt Securities

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION

Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and

Indenture, dated as of February , 2005


ss.310(a)(1)		609
(a)(2)		609
(a)(3)		Not Applicable
(a)(4)		Not Applicable
(a)(5)		609
(b)		608, 610
(c)		Not Applicable
ss.311(a)		613
(b)		613
ss.312(a)		701, 702(a)
(b)		702(b)
(c)		702(c)
ss.313(a)		703(a)
(b)		703(a)
(c)		703(a)
(d)		703(b)
ss.314(a)		704, 1008
(b)		Not Applicable
(c)(1)		102
(c)(2)		102
(c)(3)		Not Applicable
(d)		Not Applicable
(e)		102
ss.315(a)		601
(b)		602
(c)		601
(d)		601
(e)		514
ss.316(a)		101
(a)(1)(A)		104(h), 502, 512
(a)(1)(B)		104(h), 513
(a)(2)		Not Applicable
(b)		508
(c)		104(h)
ss.317(a)(1)		503
(a)(2)		504
(b)		1003
ss.318(a)		107
(c)		107

Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be part of the Indenture.

-ii-

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
ARTICLE One	Definitions and Other Provisions of General Application	1

Section 101.	Definitions	1
Section 102.	Compliance Certificates and Opinions	8
Section 103.	Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee	8
Section 104.	Acts of Holders	9
Section 105.	Notices, etc., to Trustee and Company	12
Section 106.	Notice to Holders; Waiver	12
Section 107.	Conflict with Trust Indenture Act	13
Section 108.	Effect of Headings and Table of Contents	13
Section 109.	Successors and Assigns	13
Section 110.	Separability Clause	13
Section 111.	Benefits of Indenture	14
Section 112.	Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial.	14
Section 113.	Legal Holidays	14
Section 114.	Exemption from Individual Liability	14
Section 115.	Counterparts	15

ARTICLE Two	Debt Security Forms	15

Section 201.	Forms Generally	15
Section 202.	Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication	15
Section 203.	Debt Securities in Global Form	16

ARTICLE Three	The Debt Securities	16

Section 301.	Amount Unlimited; Issuance in Series	16
Section 302.	Denominations	19
Section 303.	Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating	20
Section 304.	Temporary Debt Securities	22
Section 305.	Registration; Registration of Transfer and Exchange	24
Section 306.	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Debt Securities	28
Section 307.	Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved	29
Section 308.	Persons Deemed Owners	30
Section 309.	Cancellation	31
Section 310.	Computation of Interest	31
Section 311.	Certification by a Person Entitled to Delivery of a Bearer Security	31
Section 312.	Judgments	32
Section 313.	CUSIP Numbers	32

ARTICLE Four	Satisfaction and Discharge	32

Section 401.	Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture	32
Section 402.	Application of Trust Money and Government Obligations	34
Section 403.	Satisfaction, Discharge and Defeasance of Debt Securities of any Series	34

ARTICLE Five	Remedies	36

-iii-

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)


		Page
Section 501.	Events of Default	36
Section 502.	Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment	38
Section 503.	Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee	39
Section 504.	Trustee May File Proofs of Claim	40
Section 505.	Trustee May Enforce Claims without Possession of Debt Securities or Coupons	40
Section 506.	Application of Money Collected	41
Section 507.	Limitation on Suits	41
Section 508.	Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest	42
Section 509.	Restoration of Rights and Remedies	42
Section 510.	Rights and Remedies Cumulative	42
Section 511.	Delay or Omission Not Waiver	42
Section 512.	Control by Holders of Debt Securities	43
Section 513.	Waiver of Past Defaults	43
Section 514.	Undertaking for Costs	43
Section 515.	Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws	44

ARTICLE Six	The Trustee	44

Section 601.	Certain Duties and Responsibilities	44
Section 602.	Notice of Default	45
Section 603.	Certain Rights of Trustee	45
Section 604.	Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Debt Securities	47
Section 605.	May Hold Debt Securities or Coupons	47
Section 606.	Money Held in Trust	47
Section 607.	Compensation and Reimbursement	48
Section 608.	Disqualification; Conflicting Interests	49
Section 609.	Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility	49
Section 610.	Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor	49
Section 611.	Acceptance of Appointment by Successor	51
Section 612.	Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business	52
Section 613.	Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company	53
Section 614.	Authenticating Agent	53

ARTICLE Seven	Holders’ Lists and Reports By Trustee and Company	54

Section 701.	Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders	54
Section 702.	Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders	54
Section 703.	Reports by Trustee	55
Section 704.	Reports by Company	55

ARTICLE Eight	Consolidation, Merger, Conveyance, Transfer or Lease	55

Section 801.	Company May Consolidate, etc. Only on Certain Terms	55
Section 802.	Successor Corporation Substituted	56

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)


		Page
Section 803.	Conveyance or Transfer to a Wholly-owned Subsidiary	56

ARTICLE Nine	Supplemental Indentures	57

Section 901.	Supplemental Indentures without Consent of Holders	57
Section 902.	Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders	58
Section 903.	Execution of Supplemental Indentures	59
Section 904.	Effect of Supplemental Indentures	59
Section 905.	Conformity with Trust Indenture Act	59
Section 906.	Reference in Debt Securities to Supplemental Indentures	60

ARTICLE Ten	Covenants	60

Section 1001.	Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest	60
Section 1002.	Maintenance of Office or Agency	60
Section 1003.	Money for Debt Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust	61
Section 1004.	Corporate Existence	63
Section 1005.	Maintenance of Properties	63
Section 1006.	Payment of Additional Amounts	63
Section 1007.	Payment of Taxes	64
Section 1008.	Officer’s Certificate as to Compliance	64
Section 1009.	Statement by Officers as to Default	64
Section 1010.	Waiver of Certain Covenants	64
Section 1011.	Calculation of Original Issue Discount	65

ARTICLE Eleven	Redemption of Debt Securities	65

Section 1101.	Applicability of Article	65
Section 1102.	Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee	65
Section 1103.	Selection by Trustee of Debt Securities to be Redeemed	65
Section 1104.	Notice of Redemption	66
Section 1105.	Deposit of Redemption Price	67
Section 1106.	Debt Securities Payable on Redemption Date	67
Section 1107.	Debt Securities Redeemed in Part	68

ARTICLE Twelve	Sinking Funds	68

Section 1201.	Applicability of Article	68
Section 1202.	Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Debt Securities	68
Section 1203.	Redemption of Debt Securities for Sinking Fund	69

ARTICLE Thirteen	Repayment at the Option of Holders	69

Section 1301.	Applicability of Article	69
Section 1302.	Repayment of Debt Securities	70
Section 1303.	Exercise of Option; Notice	70
Section 1304.	Election of Repayment by Remarketing Entities	71
Section 1305.	Securities Payable on the Repayment Date	71

ARTICLE Fourteen	Meetings of Holders of Debt Securities	71

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)


		Page
Section 1401.	Purposes for Which Meetings May Be Called	71
Section 1402.	Call, Notice and Place of Meetings	72
Section 1403.	Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings	72
Section 1404.	Quorum; Action	72
Section 1405.	Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings	73
Section 1406.	Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings	74

ARTICLE Fifteen	Defeasance	74

Section 1501.	Termination of Company’s Obligations	74
Section 1502.	Repayment to Company	76
Section 1503.	Indemnity for Government Obligations	76

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INDENTURE (the “Indenture”) dated as of February , 2005, between AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (hereinafter called the “Company”), having its principal place of business at 4695 MacArthur Court, Suite 1250, Newport Beach, California 92660, and , a banking corporation (hereinafter called the “Trustee”).

RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its debentures, notes, bonds and other evidences of indebtedness (herein called the “Debt Securities”).

All things necessary have been done to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms.

NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Debt Securities of any series created and issued on or after the date hereof by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the benefit of all Holders of such Debt Securities or of any such series, as follows:

ARTICLE ONE

Definitions and Other Provisions of General Application

Section 101. Definitions .

For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article, and include the plural as well as the singular;

(2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act or by Commission rule or regulation under the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, as in force at the date as of which this instrument was executed, except as provided in Section 905, have the meanings assigned to them therein;

(3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with GAAP; and

(4) the words “herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.

Certain terms, used principally in Article Six, are defined in that Article.

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“Act” when used with respect to any Holder has the meaning specified in Section 104.

“Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities by contract or otherwise, and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing.

“Authenticating Agent” means any Person authorized by the Trustee to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Debt Securities.

“Authorized Newspaper” means a newspaper in an official language of the country of publication or in the English language customarily published on each Business Day, whether or not published on Saturdays, Sundays or holidays, and of general circulation in the place in connection with which the term is used or in the financial community of such place. Where successive publications are required to be made in Authorized Newspapers, the successive publications may be made in the same or in different newspapers in the same city meeting the foregoing requirements and in each case on any Business Day.

“Bearer Security” means any Debt Security established pursuant to Section 201 which is payable to bearer including, without limitation, unless the context otherwise indicates, a Debt Security in global bearer form.

“Board of Directors” means either the board of directors of the Company, or the executive or any other committee of that board duly authorized to act in respect hereof.

“Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee. Where any provision of this Indenture refers to action to be taken pursuant to a Board Resolution (including the establishment of any series of the Debt Securities and the forms and terms thereof), such action may be taken by any committee of the Board of the Company or any officer or employee of the Company authorized to take such action by a Board Resolution.

“Business Day”, when used with respect to any Place of Payment, means any day which is not a Saturday or Sunday and which is not a legal holiday or a day on which banking institutions or trust companies in that Place of Payment are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

“Commission” means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or if at any time after the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties on such date.

“Company” means the Person named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such successor Person.

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“Company Request” and “Company Order” mean, respectively, except as otherwise provided in this Indenture, a written request or order signed in the name of the Company by the Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, the President, a Vice President (any references to a Vice President of the Company herein shall be deemed to include any Vice President of the Company whether or not designated by a number or word or words added before or after the title “Vice President”), the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, an Assistant Controller, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company or by another officer of the Company duly authorized to sign by a Board Resolution, and delivered to the Trustee.

“Corporate Trust Office” means the principal office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be administered, which office at the date of original execution of this Indenture is located at , Attention: , or such other address as the Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company, or the principal corporate trust office of any successor Trustee (or such other address as such successor Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company).

The term “corporation” includes corporations, associations, companies and business trusts.

The term “coupon” means any interest coupon appertaining to a Bearer Security.

“Debt” means notes, bonds, debentures or other similar evidences of indebtedness for money borrowed.

“Debt Securities” has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and more particularly means any Debt Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.

“Defaulted Interest” has the meaning specified in Section 307.

“Depositary” means, with respect to the Debt Securities of any series issuable or issued in the form of a Global Security, the Person designated as Depositary by the Company pursuant to Section 301 until a successor Depositary shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Depositary” shall mean or include each person who is then a Depositary hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Depositary” as used with respect to the Debt Securities of any such series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Debt Securities of that series.

“Designated Currency” has the meaning specified in Section 312.

“Dollar” or “$” means the coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for the payment of public and private debts.

“Euro” means the single currency of the European Monetary Union as defined under EC Regulation 1103/97 adopted under Article 235 of the EU Treaty and under EC Regulation 974/98 adopted under Article 109l(4) of the EU Treaty or under any successor European legislation from time to time.

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“European Communities” means the European Economic Community, the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Atomic Energy Community.

“Event of Default” has the meaning specified in Section 501.

“Exchange Rate” shall have the meaning specified as contemplated in Section 301.

“Exchange Rate Agent” shall have the meaning specified as contemplated in Section 301.

“Exchange Rate Officer’s Certificate”, with respect to any date for the payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on any series of Debt Securities, means a certificate setting forth the applicable Exchange Rate and the amounts payable in Dollars and Foreign Currencies in respect of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on Debt Securities denominated in Euro, any other composite currency or Foreign Currency, and signed by the Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, the President, a Vice President, the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer or the Controller of the Company or the Exchange Rate Agent appointed pursuant to Section 301, and delivered to the Trustee.

“Foreign Currency” means a currency issued by the government of any country other than the United States of America.

“GAAP” means, as of the date of any determination with respect thereto, generally accepted accounting principles as used by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and/or the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, consistently applied and maintained throughout the periods indicated.

“Global Exchange Agent” has the meaning specified in Section 304.

“Global Exchange Date” has the meaning specified in Section 304.

“Global Security” means a Debt Security issued to evidence all or part of a series of Debt Securities in accordance with Section 303.

“Government Obligations” means, in respect of any series of Debt Securities, securities of (i) the government which issued the currency in which Debt Securities of such series are denominated and/or in which interest is payable on the Debt Securities of such series or (ii) government agencies backed by the full faith and credit of such government.

“Holder”, with respect to a Registered Security, means a Person in whose name such Registered Security is registered in the Security Register and, with respect to a Bearer Security or a coupon, means the bearer thereof.

“Indenture” means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented, amended or restated by or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof and, unless the context otherwise requires, shall include the terms of a particular series of Debt Securities established as contemplated by Section 301.

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The term “interest”, when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity.

“Interest Payment Date”, with respect to any Debt Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Debt Security.

“Maturity”, when used with respect to any Debt Security, means the date on which the principal of such Debt Security becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption, repayment at the option of the Holder or otherwise.

“Mortgage” means and includes any mortgage, pledge, lien, security interest, conditional sale or other title retention agreement or other similar encumbrance.

“Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by the Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice President, and by the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, an Assistant Controller, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee.

“Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of counsel, who may (except as otherwise expressly provided in this Indenture) be an employee of or counsel for the Company, or who may be other counsel, which is delivered to the Trustee.

“Original Issue Discount Security” means any Debt Security which provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502.

“Outstanding”, when used with respect to Debt Securities means, as of the date of determination, all Debt Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except:

(i) Debt Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

(ii) Debt Securities or portions thereof for whose payment or redemption money or Government Obligations in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Debt Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto; provided, however, that if such Debt Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made; and

(iii) Debt Securities in exchange for or in lieu of which other Debt Securities have been authenticated and delivered, or which have been paid, pursuant to this Indenture; provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of Debt Securities Outstanding have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, Debt Securities owned by

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the Company or any other obligor upon the Debt Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying upon such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Debt Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Debt Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Debt Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Debt Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor.

“Paying Agent” means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Debt Securities on behalf of the Company.

“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

“Place of Payment”, when used with respect to the Debt Securities of any series means any place where the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Debt Securities of that series are payable as specified as contemplated by Section 301.

“Predecessor Security” of any particular Debt Security means every previous Debt Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Debt Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Debt Security authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in lieu of a lost, destroyed or stolen Debt Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Debt Security.

“Preferred Stock”, as applied to the capital stock of any corporation, means stock of any class or classes (however designated) which is preferred as to the payment of dividends, or as to the distribution of assets on any voluntary or involuntary liquidation or dissolution of such corporation, over shares of stock of any other class of such corporation.

“Redemption Date”, when used with respect to any Debt Security to be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture.

“Redemption Price”, when used with respect to any Debt Security to be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture.

“Registered Security” means any Debt Security in the form of Registered Securities established pursuant to Section 201 which is registered in the Security Register.

“Regular Record Date” for the interest payable on any Interest Payment Date on the Registered Securities of any series means the date specified for that purpose as contemplated by Section 301.

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“Remarketing Entity”, when used with respect to Debt Securities of any series which are repayable at the option of the Holders thereof before their Stated Maturity, means any person designated by the Company to purchase any such Debt Securities.

“Repayment Date”, when used with respect to any Debt Security to be repaid upon exercise of an option for repayment by the Holder, means the date fixed for such repayment pursuant to this Indenture.

“Repayment Price”, when used with respect to any Debt Security to be repaid upon exercise of an option for repayment by the Holder, means the price at which it is to be repaid pursuant to this Indenture.

“Responsible Officer” when used with respect to the Trustee, means any officer within the corporate trust department of the Trustee, including any vice president, assistant vice president, assistant secretary, assistant treasurer, trust officer or any other officer of the Trustee who customarily performs functions similar to those performed by the Persons who at the time shall be such officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of such person’s knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject and who shall have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.

“Security Register” and “Security Registrar” have the respective meanings specified in Section 305.

“Special Record Date” for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 307.

“Stated Maturity”, when used with respect to any Debt Security or any installment of interest thereon, means the date specified in such Debt Security or a coupon representing such installment of interest as the fixed date on which the principal of such Debt Security or such installment is due and payable.

“Subsidiary” means any corporation more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Voting Stock, except for directors’ qualifying shares, of which shall at the time be owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company or by one or more of the Subsidiaries, or by the Company and one or more other Subsidiaries.

“Trust Indenture Act” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in force at the date as of which this instrument was executed, except as provided in Section 905.

“Trustee” means the Person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Debt Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Debt Securities of that series.

“United States” means the United States of America (including the District of Columbia) and its possessions.

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“United States Alien” means any Person who, for United States Federal income tax purposes, is a foreign corporation, a non-resident alien individual, a non-resident alien fiduciary of a foreign estate or trust, or a foreign partnership one or more of the members of which is, for United States Federal income tax purposes, a foreign corporation, a non-resident alien individual or a non-resident alien fiduciary of a foreign estate or trust.

“Voting Stock”, as applied to the stock (or the equivalent thereof) of any corporation, means stock (or the equivalent thereof) of any class or classes, however designated, entitled in the ordinary course to vote in an election of directors of such corporation, other than stock (or such equivalent) having such power only by reason of the happening of a contingency.

“Wholly-owned Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary all the outstanding capital stock of which, other than directors’ qualifying shares, is owned by the Company and its other Wholly-owned Subsidiaries.

Section 102. Compliance Certificates and Opinions .

Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee, if so requested by the Trustee, an Officers’ Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent, if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.

Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include:

(1) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein relating thereto;

(2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

(3) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him or her to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

(4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

Section 103. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee .

In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or

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covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his or her certificate or opinion is based is erroneous. Any such certificate or Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinions or representations with respect to such matters is erroneous.

Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument.

Section 104. Acts of Holders .

(a) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by an agent duly appointed in writing. If Debt Securities of a series are issuable in whole or in part as Bearer Securities, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders may, alternatively, be embodied in and evidenced by the record of Holders of Debt Securities voting in favor thereof, either in person or by proxies duly appointed in writing, at any meeting of Holders of Debt Securities duly called and held in accordance with the provisions of Article Fourteen, or a combination of such instruments and any such record. Except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments or record or both are delivered to the Trustee, and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments and any such record (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the “Act” of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments and so voting at any such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent, or the holding by any Person of a Debt Security, shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 601) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section. The record of any meeting of Holders of Debt Securities shall be proved in the manner provided in Section 1406.

(b) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved in any manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

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(d) The principal amount and serial numbers of Bearer Securities held by any Person, and the date of holding the same, may be proved by the production of such Bearer Securities or by a certificate executed, as depositary, by any trust company, bank, banker or other depositary, wherever situated, if such certificate shall be deemed by the Trustee to be satisfactory, showing that at the date therein mentioned such Person had on deposit with such depositary, or exhibited to it, the Bearer Securities in the amount and with the serial numbers therein described; or such facts may be proved by the certificate or affidavit of the Person holding such Bearer Securities, if such certificate or affidavit is deemed by the Trustee to be satisfactory. The Trustee and the Company may assume that such ownership of any Bearer Security continues until (1) another certificate or affidavit bearing a later date issued in respect of the same Bearer Security is produced, or (2) such Bearer Security is produced to the Trustee by some other person, or (3) such Bearer Security is surrendered in exchange for a Registered Security, or (4) such Bearer Security is no longer Outstanding.

(e) The fact and date of execution of any such instrument or writing, the authority of the Person executing the same and the principal amount and serial numbers of Bearer Securities held by the Person so executing such instrument or writing and the date of holding the same may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient; and the Trustee may in any instance require further proof with respect to any of the matters referred to in this Section.

(f) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Debt Security shall bind every future holder of the same Debt Security and the Holder of every Debt Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done, suffered or omitted by the Trustee or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Debt Security.

(g) For purposes of determining the principal amount of Outstanding Debt Securities of any series the Holders of which are required, requested or permitted to give any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or take any other Act under this Indenture, (i) each Original Issue Discount Security shall be deemed to have the principal amount determined by the Trustee that could be declared to be due and payable pursuant to the terms of such Original Issue Discount Security as of the date there is delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company, such Act by Holders of the required aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series and (ii) each Debt Security denominated in a Foreign Currency or composite currency shall be deemed to have the principal amount determined by the Exchange Rate Agent by converting the principal amount of such Debt Security in the currency in which such Debt Security is denominated into Dollars at the Exchange Rate as of the date such Act is delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company, by Holders of the required aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series.

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(h) The Company may set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders of Outstanding Debt Securities of any series entitled to give, make or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given, made or taken by Holders of Debt Securities of such series, provided that the Company may not set a record date for, and the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply with respect to, the giving or making of any notice, declaration, request or direction referred to in the next paragraph. If any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding Debt Securities of the relevant series on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to take the relevant action, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided that no such action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable Expiration Date (as defined below) by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Debt Securities of such series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent the Company from setting a new record date for any action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person be cancelled and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to render ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Debt Securities of the relevant series on the date such action is taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Company, at its own expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the Trustee in writing and to each Holder of Debt Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in Section 106.

The Trustee may set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders of Outstanding Debt Securities of any series entitled to join in the giving or making of (i) any notice of an Event of Default, (ii) any declaration of acceleration referred to in Section 502, (iii) any request to institute proceedings referred to in Section 507(2), or (iv) any direction referred to in Section 512, in each case with respect to Debt Securities of such series. If any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding Debt Securities of such series on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to join in such notice, declaration, request or direction, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided that no such action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Debt Securities of such series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent the Trustee from setting a new record date for any action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person be cancelled and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to render ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Debt Securities of the relevant series on the date such action is taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Trustee, at the Company’s expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the Company in writing and to each Holder of Debt Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in Section 106.

With respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party hereto which sets such record dates may designate any day as the “Expiration Date” and from time to time may

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change the Expiration Date to any earlier or later day; provided that no such change shall be effective unless notice of the proposed new Expiration Date is given to the other party hereto in writing, and to each Holder of Debt Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in Section 106, on or prior to the existing Expiration Date. If an Expiration Date is not designated with respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party hereto which set such record date shall be deemed to have initially designated the 180th day after such record date as the Expiration Date with respect thereto, subject to its right to change the Expiration Date as provided in this paragraph.

Section 105. Notices, etc., to Trustee and Company .

Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

(1) the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided), if made, given, furnished or filed in writing (which may be via original or facsimile, with original to follow promptly thereafter) to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, or

(2) the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company addressed to the attention of its Secretary at the address of its principal office specified in the first paragraph of this instrument or at any other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company.

Section 106. Notice to Holders; Waiver .

Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, (1) such notice shall be sufficiently given to Holders of Registered Securities if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder of a Registered Security affected by such event, at such Holder’s address as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date, and not earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice; and (2) such notice shall be sufficiently given to Holders of Bearer Securities by publication thereof in an Authorized Newspaper in The City of New York and, if the Debt Securities of such series are then listed on The International Stock Exchange of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland and such stock exchange shall so require, in London, and, if the Debt Securities of such series are then listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange and such stock exchange shall so require, in Luxembourg and, if the Debt Securities of such series are then listed on any other stock exchange outside the United States and such stock exchange shall so require, in any other required city outside the United States or, if not practicable, in Europe on a Business Day at least twice, the first such publication to be not later than the latest date and not earlier than the earliest date prescribed for the giving of such notice.

In case, by reason of the suspension of or irregularities in regular mail service or for any other reason, it shall be impossible or impracticable to mail notice of any event to Holders of Registered Securities when said notice is required to be given pursuant to any provision of this

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Indenture or of the Debt Securities, then any manner of giving such notice as shall be satisfactory to the Trustee shall be deemed to be a sufficient giving of such notice. In any case where notice to Holders of Registered Securities is to be given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any particular Holder of a Registered Security shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders of Registered Securities or the sufficiency of any notice by publication to Holders of Bearer Securities given as provided above.

In case, by reason of the suspension of publication of any Authorized Newspaper, or by reason of any other cause, it shall be impossible or impracticable to make publication of any notice to Holders of Bearer Securities as provided above, then such method of publication or notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient publication of such notice. Neither failure to give notice by publication to Holders of Bearer Securities as provided above, nor any defect in any notice so published, shall affect the sufficiency of any notice mailed to Holders of Registered Securities as provided above.

Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, election, waiver or other Act required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the English language, except that any published notice may be in an official language of the country of publication.

Section 107. Conflict with Trust Indenture Act .

If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision hereof which is required to be included in this Indenture by any of the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, such required provision shall control.

Section 108. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents .

The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

Section 109. Successors and Assigns .

All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

Section 110. Separability Clause .

In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Debt Securities or any coupons shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

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Section 111. Benefits of Indenture .

Nothing in this Indenture or in the Debt Securities or any coupons, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their successors hereunder, any Paying Agent and the Holders, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

Section 112. Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial .

This Indenture and the Debt Securities and any coupons shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. Each of the Company and the Trustee hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Indenture, the Debt Securities or the transaction contemplated hereby.

Section 113. Legal Holidays .

In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, Repayment Date or Stated Maturity of any Debt Security shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the Debt Securities or any coupons) payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, Repayment Date or at the Stated Maturity, and no interest shall accrue on the amount so payable for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, Repayment Date or Stated Maturity, as the case may be.

Section 114. Exemption from Individual Liability .

No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of this Indenture, or of any Debt Security or any coupon, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, as such, past, present or future, of the Company or of any successor corporation, either directly or through the Company, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations of the Company, and that no such personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors, as such, of the Company or of any successor corporation, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Debt Securities or any coupon or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal liability, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, as such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Debt Securities or any coupon or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issue of such Debt Securities.

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Section 115. Counterparts .

This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same Indenture.

ARTICLE TWO

Debt Security Forms

Section 201. Forms Generally .

The Registered Securities, if any, and the Bearer Securities and related coupons, if any, of each series shall be in substantially the form (including temporary or permanent global form) as shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon, as may be required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange, or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Debt Securities or coupons, as evidenced by their signatures on the Debt Securities or coupons. If the form of Debt Securities of any series or coupons (including any such Global Security) is established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company Order contemplated by Section 303 for the authentication and delivery of such Debt Securities or coupons.

Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, Debt Securities in bearer form other than Debt Securities in temporary or permanent global form shall have coupons attached.

The definitive Debt Securities and coupons, if any, shall be printed, lithographed or engraved on steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined by the officers executing such Debt Securities, as evidenced by the execution of such Debt Securities and coupons.

Section 202. Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication .

This is one of the Debt Securities, of the series designated herein, described in the within-mentioned Indenture.

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Section 203. Debt Securities in Global Form .

If Debt Securities of a series are issuable in whole or in part in global form, as specified as contemplated by Section 301, then, notwithstanding clause (10) of Section 301 and the provisions of Section 302, such Global Security shall represent such of the outstanding Debt Securities of such series as shall be specified therein and may provide that it shall represent the aggregate amount of Outstanding Debt Securities from time to time endorsed thereon and that the aggregate amount of Outstanding Debt Securities represented thereby may from time to time be reduced to reflect exchanges. Any endorsement of a Global Security to reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in the amount, of Outstanding Debt Securities represented thereby shall be made in such manner and upon instructions given by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein or in the Company Order to be delivered to the Trustee pursuant to Section 303 or Section 304.

The provisions of the last sentence of Section 303(g) shall apply to any Debt Securities represented by a Debt Security in global form if such Debt Security was never issued and sold by the Company and the Company delivers to the Trustee the Debt Security in global form together with written instructions (which need not comply with Section 102 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) with respect to the reduction in the principal amount of Debt Securities represented thereby, together with the written statement contemplated by the last sentence of Section 303(g).

Global Securities may be issued in either registered or bearer form and in permanent form or, in the case of Bearer Securities, either temporary or permanent form.

ARTICLE THREE

The Debt Securities

Section 301. Amount Unlimited; Issuance in Series .

The aggregate principal amount of Debt Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

The Debt Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Debt Securities of any series:

(1) the title of the Debt Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Debt Securities of the series from all other Debt Securities);

(2) the limit, if any, upon the aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Debt Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Debt Securities of the series pursuant to Section 304, 305, 306, 906, 1107 or 1303 and except for any Debt Securities which, pursuant to Section 303, are deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder);

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(3) the date or dates on which the principal and premium, if any, of the Debt Securities of the series are payable;

(4) the rate or rates, if any, at which the Debt Securities of the series shall bear interest, or the method or methods by which such rate or rates may be determined, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest shall be payable, the Regular Record Date for the interest payable on any Registered Security on any Interest Payment Date and the circumstances, if any, in which the Company may defer interest payments;

(5) the place or places where, subject to the provisions of Section 1002, the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on Debt Securities of the series shall be payable, any Registered Securities of the series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, Debt Securities of the series may be surrendered for exchange and notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Debt Securities of the series and this Indenture may be served and where notices to Holders pursuant to Section 106 will be published;

(6) if applicable, the period or periods within which or the date or dates on which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Debt Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;

(7) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem, repay or purchase Debt Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Debt Securities of the series shall be redeemed, repaid or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

(8) whether Debt Securities of the series are to be issuable as Registered Securities, Bearer Securities or both, whether Debt Securities of the series are to be issuable with or without coupons or both and, in the case of Bearer Securities, the date as of which such Bearer Securities shall be dated if other than the date of original issuance of the first Debt Security of such series of like tenor and term to be issued;

(9) whether the Debt Securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of a Global Security or Securities and, in such case, the Depositary and Global Exchange Agent for such Global Security or Securities, whether such global form shall be permanent or temporary and, if applicable, the Global Exchange Date;

(10) if Debt Securities of the series are to be issuable initially in the form of a temporary Global Security, the circumstances under which the temporary Global Security can be exchanged for definitive Debt Securities and whether the definitive Debt Securities will be Registered and/or Bearer Securities and will be in global form and whether interest in respect of any portion of such Global Security payable in respect of an Interest Payment Date prior to the Global Exchange Date shall be paid to any clearing organization with respect to a portion of such Global Security held for its account and, in

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such event, the terms and conditions (including any certification requirements) upon which any such interest payment received by a clearing organization will be credited to the Persons entitled to interest payable on such Interest Payment Date if other than as provided in this Article Three;

(11) whether, and under what conditions, additional amounts will be payable to Holders of Debt Securities of the series pursuant to Section 1006;

(12) the denominations in which any Registered Securities of the series shall be issuable, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, and the denominations in which any Bearer Securities of such series shall be issuable, if other than the denomination of $5,000;

(13) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Debt Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502;

(14) the currency or currencies of denomination of the Debt Securities of any series, which may be in Dollars, any Foreign Currency or any composite currency, including but not limited to the Euro, and, if any such currency of denomination is a composite currency other than the Euro, the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;

(15) the currency or currencies in which payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Debt Securities will be made, any other currency or currencies in which payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or the interest on Registered Securities, at the election of each of the Holders thereof, may also be payable and the periods within which and the terms and conditions upon which such election is to be made, and the Exchange Rate and Exchange Rate Agent;

(16) if the amount of payments of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Debt Securities of the series may be determined with reference to an index, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined;

(17) if payments of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Debt Securities of the series are to be made in a Foreign Currency other than the currency in which such Debt Securities are denominated, the manner in which the Exchange Rate with respect to such payments shall be determined;

(18) any Events of Default with respect to Debt Securities of such series, if not set forth herein and any Events of Default set forth herein that shall not apply to the Debt Securities of such series;

(19) any other covenant or warranty included for the benefit of the Debt Securities of the series in addition to (and not inconsistent with) those set forth herein for the benefit of Debt Securities of all series, or any other covenant or warranty included for the benefit of Debt Securities of the series in lieu of any covenant or warranty set forth herein for the benefit of Debt Securities of all series, or any provision that any covenant

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or warranty set forth herein for the benefit of Debt Securities of all series shall not be for the benefit of Debt Securities of such series, or any combination of such covenants, warranties or provisions and whether the provisions of Section 1009 will not apply to such covenants and warranties;

(20) the terms and conditions, if any, pursuant to which the Company’s obligations under this Indenture may be terminated through the deposit of money or Government Obligations as provided in Articles Four and Fifteen;

(21) the Person or Persons who shall be Security Registrar for the Debt Securities of such series if other than the Trustee, and the place or places where the Security Register for such series shall be maintained and the Person or Persons who will be the initial Paying Agent or Agents, if other than the Trustee;

(22) if the Debt Securities of the series are convertible or exchangeable for any securities of any Person (including the Company), the terms and conditions upon which such Debt Securities will be convertible or exchangeable;

(23) whether or not the Debt Securities of the series will be subordinated in right of payment to senior indebtedness and the terms of any such subordination; and

(24) any other terms of the series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture).

All Debt Securities of any one series and the coupons appertaining to Bearer Securities of such series, if any, shall be substantially identical except, in the case of Registered Securities, as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to such Board Resolution and set forth in such Officers’ Certificate or in any such indenture supplemental hereto.

Debt Securities of any particular series may be issued at various times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of principal is payable, with different rates of interest, if any, or different methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on which such interest may be payable and with different Redemption or Repayment Dates and may be denominated in different currencies or payable in different currencies.

If any of the terms of a series of Debt Securities are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers’ Certificate setting forth the terms of the series.

Section 302. Denominations .

Debt Securities of each series shall be issuable in such form and denominations as shall be specified in the form of Debt Security for such series approved or established pursuant to Section 201 or in the Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 301. In the absence of any specification with respect to the Debt Securities of any series, the Registered Securities of such series, if any, shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof and the Bearer Securities of such series, if any, shall be issuable in the denominations of $5,000.

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Section 303. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating .

(a) The Debt Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, the President, a Vice President, the Treasurer or one of its Assistant Treasurers and by its Secretary or one of its Assistant Secretaries. The signature of any of these officers on the Debt Securities may be manual or facsimile. Coupons shall bear the facsimile signature of an authorized officer of the Company.

Debt Securities and coupons bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Debt Securities or coupons of any series or did not hold such offices at the date of such Debt Securities or coupons.

(b) At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, Debt Securities of any series may be executed by the Company and delivered to the Trustee for authentication, and, except as otherwise provided in this Article Three, shall thereupon be authenticated and delivered by the Trustee upon Company Order, without any further action by the Company; provided, however, that, in connection with its original issuance, a Bearer Security may be delivered only outside the United States and, except in the case of a temporary Global Security, only if the Company or its agent shall have received the certification required pursuant to Sections 304(b)(iii) and (iv), unless such certification shall have been provided earlier pursuant to Section 304(b)(v) hereof, and only if the Company has no reason to know that such certification is false.

To the extent authorized in or pursuant to a Board Resolution and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, such written Company Order may be given by any one officer or employee of the Company, may be electronically transmitted, and may provide instructions as to registration of holders, principal amounts, rates of interest, maturity dates and other matters contemplated by such Board Resolution and Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture to be so instructed in respect thereof. Before authorizing and delivering the first Debt Securities of any series (and upon request of the Trustee thereafter), the Company shall deliver to the Trustee (i) the certificates called for under Sections 201 and 301 hereof and (ii) an Opinion of Counsel described in the next sentence.

In authenticating such Debt Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to any such Debt Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, prior to the initial authentication of such Debt Securities, and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in relying upon:

(i) a Board Resolution relating thereto and, if applicable, an appropriate record of any action taken pursuant to such resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company;

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(ii) an executed supplemental indenture, if any, relating thereto;

(iii) an Officers’ Certificate setting forth the form and terms of the Debt Securities of such series and coupons, if any, pursuant to Sections 201 and 301 and stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the issuance of such Debt Securities have been complied with; and

(iv) an Opinion of Counsel stating

(A) that the form of such Debt Securities and coupons, if any, has been established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution or by a supplemental indenture as permitted by Section 201 in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

(B) that the terms of such Debt Securities and coupons, if any, have been established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution or by a supplemental indenture as permitted by Section 301 in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; and

(C) that such Debt Securities and coupons, if any, when authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject, as to enforcement of remedies, to applicable bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium or other laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and the application of general principles of equity and except further as enforcement thereof may be limited by (i) requirements that a claim with respect to any Debt Securities denominated other than in Dollars (or a Foreign Currency or currency unit judgment in respect of such claim) be converted into Dollars at a rate of exchange prevailing on a date determined pursuant to applicable law or (ii) governmental authority to limit, delay or prohibit the making of payments in Foreign Currencies or currency units or payments outside the United States.

(c) If the Company shall establish pursuant to Section 301 that the Debt Securities of a series are to be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with this Section and the Company Order with respect to such series, authenticate and deliver one or more Global Securities in permanent or temporary form that (i) shall represent and shall be denominated in an aggregate amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series to be represented by one or more Global Securities, (ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities or the nominee of such Depositary and (iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee to such Depositary or pursuant to such Depositary’s instructions.

(d) The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Debt Securities under this Section 303 if the issuance of such Debt Securities will adversely affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Debt Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

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(e) If all the Debt Securities of any series are not to be issued at onetime, it shall not be necessary to deliver an Opinion of Counsel at the time of issuance of each Debt Security, but such Opinion of Counsel, with appropriate modifications, may instead be delivered at or prior to the time of the first issuance of Debt Securities of such series.

(f) Each Registered Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. Each Bearer Security shall be dated as of the date specified as contemplated by Section 301.

(g) No Debt Security or coupon attached thereto shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose, unless there appears on such Debt Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein executed by the Trustee, and such certificate upon any Debt Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Debt Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. Except as permitted by Section 306, the Trustee shall not authenticate and deliver any Bearer Security unless all appurtenant coupons for interest then matured have been detached and cancelled. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Debt Security or portion thereof shall have been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Debt Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 309 together with a written statement (which need not comply with Section 102 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) stating that such Debt Security or portion thereof has never been issued and sold by the Company, for all purposes of this Indenture such Debt Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.

(h) Each Depositary designated pursuant to Section 301 for a Global Security in registered form must, at the time of its designation and at all times while it serves as Depositary, be a clearing agency registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and any other applicable statute or regulation.

Section 304. Temporary Debt Securities .

(a) Pending the preparation of definitive Debt Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and upon receipt of documents required by Sections 301 and 303, together with a Company Order, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Debt Securities which are printed, typewritten or otherwise produced, in any denomination, substantially of the tenor and terms of the definitive Debt Securities in lieu of which they are issued in registered form or, if authorized, in bearer form with one or more coupons or without coupons, and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the officers executing such Debt Securities may determine, as evidenced by their signatures on such Debt Securities. In the case of Debt Securities of any series issuable as Bearer Securities, such temporary Debt Securities may be in global form, representing all or any part of the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series.

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(b) Unless otherwise provided pursuant to Section 301:

(i) Except in the case of temporary Debt Securities in global form, if temporary Debt Securities of any series are issued, the Company will cause definitive Debt Securities of such series to be prepared without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Debt Securities of such series, the related temporary Debt Securities shall be exchangeable for such definitive Debt Securities upon surrender of the temporary Debt Securities of such series at the office or agency of the Company in the Place of Payment for such series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Debt Securities of any series (accompanied, if applicable, by all unmatured coupons and all matured coupons in default appertaining thereto), the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal amount of definitive Debt Securities of the same series of like tenor and terms and of authorized denominations; provided, however, that no Bearer Security shall be delivered in exchange for a Registered Security; and provided, further, that a Bearer Security shall be delivered in exchange for a Bearer Security only in compliance with the conditions set forth in Section 305.

(ii) If Debt Securities of any series are issued in temporary global form, any such temporary Global Security shall, unless otherwise provided pursuant to Section 301, be delivered to the Depositary for credit to the respective accounts of the beneficial owners of such Debt Securities (or to such other accounts as they may direct).

(iii) Without unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the date specified in, or determined pursuant to the terms of, any such temporary Global Security (the “Global Exchange Date”), the Company shall deliver definitive Debt Securities to the Trustee or the agent appointed by the Company pursuant to Section 301 to effect the exchange of the temporary Global Security for definitive Debt Securities (the “Global Exchange Agent”), in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such temporary Global Security, executed by the Company. On or after the Global Exchange Date, such temporary Global Security shall be surrendered by the Depositary to the Global Exchange Agent, to be exchanged, in whole or from time to time in part, for definitive Debt Securities without charge and the Trustee or the Global Exchange Agent, if authorized by the Trustee pursuant to Section 614, shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange for each portion of such temporary Global Security, an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Debt Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and of like tenor and terms as the portion of such temporary Global Security to be exchanged. Upon any exchange of a part of such temporary Global Security for definitive Debt Securities, the portion of the principal amount and any interest thereon so exchanged shall be endorsed by the Global Exchange Agent on a schedule to such temporary Global Security, whereupon the principal amount and interest payable with respect to such temporary Global Security shall be reduced for all purposes by the amount so exchanged and endorsed. The definitive Debt Securities to be delivered in exchange for any such temporary Global Security shall be in bearer form, registered form, global registered form or global bearer form, or any combination thereof, as specified as contemplated by Section 301, and, if any combination thereof is so specified, as requested by the beneficial owner thereof; provided, however, that definitive Bearer

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Securities (including a definitive Global Bearer Security) shall be delivered in exchange for a portion of a temporary Global Security only in compliance with the requirements of Section 303.

(iv) The interest of a beneficial owner of Debt Securities of a series in a temporary Global Security shall be exchanged for definitive Debt Securities of the same series and of like tenor and terms following the Global Exchange Date upon request by the account holder and, in the case of the exchange of the temporary Global Security for definitive Bearer Securities (including a definitive Global Bearer Security), the account holder delivers a certificate in the form set forth in Exhibit A-1 and, if applicable, A-2 to this Indenture, dated no earlier than 15 days prior to the Global Exchange Date, copies of which certificate shall be available from the Global Exchange Agent, any authenticating agent appointed for such series of Debt Securities and each Paying Agent. Unless otherwise specified in such temporary Global Security, any such exchange shall be made free of charge to the beneficial owners of such temporary Global Security, except that a Person receiving definitive Debt Securities must bear the cost of insurance, postage, transportation and the like in the event that such Person does not take delivery of such definitive Debt Securities in person at the offices of Global Exchange Agent. Definitive Debt Securities in bearer form to be delivered in exchange for any portion of a temporary Global Security shall be delivered only outside the United States.

(v) Until exchanged in full as hereinabove provided, the temporary Debt Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Debt Securities of the same series and of like tenor and terms authenticated and delivered hereunder.

Section 305. Registration; Registration of Transfer and Exchange .

The Company shall cause to be kept at one of the offices or agencies to be maintained by the Company in accordance with the provisions of this Section 305 and Section 1002, with respect to the Debt Securities of each series which are Registered Securities, a register (herein sometimes referred to as the “Security Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration of Registered Securities and of transfers of Registered Securities. Pursuant to Section 301, the Company shall appoint, with respect to Debt Securities of each series which are Registered Securities, a “Security Registrar” for the purpose of registering such Debt Securities and transfers and exchanges of such Debt Securities as herein provided.

Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Registered Security of any series at the office or agency of the Company maintained for such purpose, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Registered Securities of the same series of any authorized denomination or denominations, of like tenor and terms and aggregate principal amount.

At the option of the Holder, Registered Securities of any series may be exchanged for other Registered Securities of the same series of any authorized form and denomination, of like tenor and terms and aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Registered Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Bearer Securities may not be delivered in exchange for Registered Securities.

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At the option of the Holder, Registered Securities or Bearer Securities of any series may be issued in exchange for Bearer Securities (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to a Bearer Security in global form) of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like tenor and terms and aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Bearer Securities to be exchanged at any such office or agency, with all unmatured coupons and all matured coupons in default thereto appertaining. If the Holder of a Bearer Security is unable to produce any such unmatured coupon or coupons or matured coupon or coupons in default, such exchange may be effected if the Bearer Securities are accompanied by payment in funds acceptable to the Company and the Trustee in an amount equal to the face amount of such missing coupon or coupons, or the surrender of such missing coupon or coupons may be waived by the Company and the Trustee if there be furnished to them such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Security shall surrender to any Paying Agent any such missing coupon in respect of which such a payment shall have been made, such Holder shall be entitled to receive the amount of such payment; provided, however, that, except as otherwise provided in Section 1002, interest represented by coupons shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of those coupons at an office or agency located outside the United States. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in case a Bearer Security of any series is surrendered at any such office or agency in exchange for a Registered Security of the same series and like tenor and terms after the close of business at such office or agency on (i) any Regular Record Date and before the opening of business at such office or agency on the relevant Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any Special Record Date and before the opening of business at such office or agency on the related date for payment of Defaulted Interest, such Bearer Security shall be surrendered without the coupon relating to such Interest Payment Date or proposed date of payment, as the case may be.

Whenever any Debt Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Debt Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

If at any time the Depositary for the Debt Securities of a series notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for the Debt Securities of such series or if at any time the Depositary for the Debt Securities of such series shall no longer be eligible under Section 303(h), the Company shall appoint a successor Depositary with respect to the Debt Securities of such series. If a successor Depositary for the Debt Securities of such series is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such ineligibility, the Company’s election pursuant to Section 301(9) shall no longer be effective with respect to the Debt Securities of such series and the Company will execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of definitive Debt Securities of such series, will authenticate and deliver, Debt Securities of such series in definitive form in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security or Securities representing such series in exchange for such Global Security or Securities. Neither the Trustee nor any agent shall have any responsibility for any actions taken or not taken by the Depositary.

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The Company may at any time and in its sole discretion determine that the Debt Securities of any series issued in the form of one or more Global Securities shall no longer be represented by such Global Security or Securities. In such event the Company will execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of definitive Debt Securities of such series, will authenticate and deliver, Debt Securities of such series in definitive form and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security or Securities representing such series in exchange for such Global Security or Securities.

If specified by the Company pursuant to Section 301 with respect to a series of Debt Securities, the Depositary for such series of Debt Securities may surrender a Global Security for such series of Debt Securities in exchange in whole or in part for Debt Securities of such series of like tenor and terms and in definitive form on such terms as are acceptable to the Company and such Depositary. Thereupon, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, without charge to any Holder,

(a) to each Person specified by such Depositary a new Debt Security or Securities of the same series, of like tenor and terms and of any authorized denominations as requested by such person in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for such Person’s beneficial interest in the Global Security; and

(b) to such Depositary a new Global Security of like tenor and terms and in a denomination equal to the difference, if any, between the principal amount of the surrendered Global Security and the aggregate principal amount of Debt Securities delivered to Holders thereof.

In any exchange provided for in any of the preceding three paragraphs, the Company will execute and the Trustee will authenticate and deliver Debt Securities (a) in definitive registered form in authorized denominations, if the Debt Securities of such series are issuable as Registered Securities, (b) in definitive bearer form in authorized denominations, with coupons attached, if the Debt Securities of such series are issuable as Bearer Securities or (c) as either Registered or Bearer Securities, as shall be specified by the beneficial owner thereof, if the Debt Securities of such series are issuable in either form; provided, however, that no definitive Bearer Security shall be delivered in exchange for a temporary Global Security unless the Company or its agent shall have received from the person entitled to receive the definitive Bearer Security a certificate substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit A-1 and, if applicable, A-2 hereto; and provided further that delivery of a Bearer Security shall occur only outside the United States; and provided further that no definitive Bearer Security will be issued if the Company has reason to know that any such certificate is false.

Upon the exchange of a Global Security for Debt Securities in definitive form, such Global Security shall be cancelled by the Trustee. Registered Securities issued in exchange for a Global Security pursuant to this Section shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary for such Global Security, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver such Registered Securities to the persons in whose names such Debt Securities are so registered. The Trustee shall deliver Bearer Securities issued in exchange for a Global Security pursuant to this

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Section to the persons, and in such authorized denominations, as the Depositary for such Global Security, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee; provided, however, that no definitive Bearer Security shall be delivered in exchange for a temporary Global Security unless the Company or its agent shall have received from the person entitled to receive the definitive Bearer Security a certificate substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit A-1 and, if applicable, A-2 hereto; and provided further that delivery of a Bearer Security shall occur only outside the United States; and provided further that no definitive Bearer Security will be issued if the Company has reason to know that any such certificate is false.

All Debt Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Debt Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Debt Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

Every Registered Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange shall (if so required by the Company, the Security Registrar or the Trustee) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company, the Security Registrar and the Trustee duly executed, by the Holder thereof or such Holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing.

No charge to any Holder shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Debt Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any transfer, registration of transfer or exchange of Debt Securities, other than exchanges expressly provided in this Indenture to be made at the Company’s own expense or without expense or without charge to the Holders.

The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange Debt Securities of any particular series to be redeemed for a period of fifteen days preceding the first publication of the relevant notice of redemption or, if Registered Securities are outstanding and there is no publication, the mailing of the relevant notice of redemption of Debt Securities of such series selected for redemption under Section 1103 and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Registered Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of such Registered Security being redeemed in part, or (iii) to exchange any Bearer Security so selected for redemption except that such a Bearer Security may be exchanged for a Registered Security of like tenor and terms of that series, provided that such Registered Security shall be simultaneously surrendered for redemption.

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the exchange of Bearer Securities into Registered Securities shall be subject to applicable laws and regulations in effect at the time of exchange; neither the Company, the Trustee nor the Security Registrar shall exchange any Bearer Securities into Registered Securities if it has received an Opinion of Counsel that as a result of such exchanges the Company would suffer adverse consequences under the United States Federal income tax laws and regulations then in effect and the Company has delivered to the Trustee a Company Order directing the Trustee not to make such exchanges thereafter unless and until the Trustee receives a subsequent Company Order to the contrary. The Company shall deliver copies of such Company Orders to the Security Registrar.

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Section 306. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Debt Securities .

If (i) any mutilated Debt Security or a Bearer Security with a mutilated coupon appertaining to it is surrendered to a Paying Agent outside the United States designated by the Company, or, in the case of any Registered Security, to the Trustee, or (ii) the Company and the Trustee receive evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Debt Security or coupon, and there is delivered to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company and the Trustee that such Debt Security or coupon has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon its written request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange for any such mutilated Debt Security or Bearer Security with a mutilated coupon appertaining to it or to which a destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains (with all appurtenant coupons not destroyed, lost or stolen) or in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Debt Security, a new Debt Security of like tenor and terms and principal amount, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, with coupons corresponding to the coupons, if any, appertaining to such destroyed, lost or stolen Debt Security or to the Debt Security to which such destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains; provided, however, that any such new Bearer Security will be delivered only in compliance with the conditions set forth in Section 305.

In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Debt Security or coupon has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Debt Security, pay such Debt Security or coupon; provided, however, that payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and any interest on Bearer Securities shall, except as otherwise provided in Section 1002, be payable only at an office or agency located outside the United States; and provided, further, that, with respect to any such coupons, interest represented thereby (but not any additional amounts payable as provided in Section 1006), shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of the coupons appertaining thereto.

Upon the issuance of any new Debt Security or coupons under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee and printing expenses) connected therewith.

Every new Debt Security of any series, with its coupons, if any, issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Debt Security, or in exchange for a Bearer Security to which a destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains, shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Debt Security and its coupons, if any, or the destroyed, lost or stolen coupon shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and any such new Debt Security and coupons, if any, shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Debt Securities of that series and their coupons, if any, duly issued hereunder.

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The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Debt Securities or coupons.

Section 307. Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved .

Interest on any Registered Security which is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Registered Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest. In case a Bearer Security of any series is surrendered in exchange for a Registered Security of such series after the close of business (at an office or agency in a Place of Payment for such series) on any Regular Record Date and before the opening of business (at such office or agency) on the next succeeding Interest Payment Date, such Bearer Security shall be surrendered without the coupon relating to such Interest Payment Date and interest will not be payable on such Interest Payment Date in respect of the Registered Security issued in exchange for such Bearer Security, but will be payable only to the Holder of such coupon when due in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture. At the option of the Company, payment of interest on any Registered Security may be made by check in the currency designated for such payment pursuant to the terms of such Registered Security mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register or by wire transfer to an account in such currency designated by such Person in writing not later than fifteen days prior to the date of such payment.

Any interest on any Registered Security of any series which is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (herein called “Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of his having been such Holder, and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in Clause (1) or (2) below:

(1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Registered Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Registered Security of such series and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money and/or Government Obligations the payments of principal and interest on which when due (and without reinvestment) will provide money in such amounts as will (together with any money irrevocably deposited in trust with the Trustee, without investment) be equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money and/or Government Obligations when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this Clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall

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promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date. Unless the Trustee is acting as the Security Registrar, promptly after such Special Record Date, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with a list, or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee with respect thereto, of the names and addresses of, and principal amounts of Registered Securities of such series held by, the Holders appearing on the Security Register at the close of business on such Special Record Date. In the name and at the expense of the Company, the Trustee shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder of Registered Securities of such series at his address as it appears in the Security Register, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the Registered Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following Clause (2). In case a Bearer Security of any series is surrendered at the office or agency in a Place of Payment for such series in exchange for a Registered Security of such series after the close of business at such office or agency on any Special Record Date and before the opening of business at such office or agency on the related proposed date for payment of Defaulted Interest, such Bearer Security shall be surrendered without the coupon relating to such proposed date of payment and Defaulted Interest will not be payable on such proposed date of payment in respect of the Registered Security issued in exchange for such Bearer Security, but will be payable only to the Holder of such coupon when due in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture.

(2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the Registered Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Registered Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this Clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Debt Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Debt Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Debt Security.

Subject to the limitations set forth in Section 1002, the Holder of any coupon appertaining to a Bearer Security shall be entitled to receive the interest payable on such coupon upon presentation and surrender of such coupon on or after the Interest Payment Date of such coupon at an office or agency maintained for such purpose pursuant to Section 1002.

Section 308. Persons Deemed Owners .

Prior to due presentment of a Registered Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or of the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Registered Security is registered as the owner of such Registered Security for

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the purpose of receiving payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Section 307) interest on such Registered Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Registered Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

The Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the bearer of any Bearer Security and the bearer of any coupon as the absolute owner of such Bearer Security or coupon for the purpose of receiving payment thereof or on account thereof and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Bearer Security or coupon be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

None of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or the Security Registrar will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a Global Security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.

Section 309. Cancellation .

Unless otherwise provided with respect to a series of Debt Securities, all Debt Securities and coupons surrendered for payment, redemption, repayment, transfer, exchange or credit against any sinking fund payment pursuant to this Indenture shall, if surrendered to the Company or any agent of the Company, be delivered to the Trustee and shall be promptly cancelled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Debt Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and all Debt Securities so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee. No Debt Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Debt Securities cancelled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this Indenture. All cancelled Debt Securities and coupons held by the Trustee shall be disposed of by the Trustee in accordance with customary procedures.

Section 310. Computation of Interest .

Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Debt Securities of any series, interest on the Debt Securities of each series shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

Section 311. Certification by a Person Entitled to Delivery of a Bearer Security .

Whenever any provision of this Indenture or a Debt Security contemplates that certification be given by a Person entitled to delivery of a Bearer Security, such certification shall be provided substantially in the form of Exhibit A-1 and, if applicable, A-2 hereto, with only such changes as shall be approved by the Company and consented to by the Trustee, whose consent shall not unreasonably be withheld.

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Section 312. Judgments .

The Company agrees that, to the fullest extent possible under applicable law and except as may otherwise be specified as contemplated in Section 301, (a) the obligation, if any, of the Company to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Debt Securities of any series and any appurtenant coupons in a Foreign Currency, composite currency or Dollars (the “Designated Currency”) as may be specified pursuant to Section 301 is of the essence, and judgments in respect of such Debt Securities shall be given in the Designated Currency; (b) the obligation of the Company to make payments in the Designated Currency of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such Debt Securities and any appurtenant coupons shall, notwithstanding any payment in any other currency (whether pursuant to a judgment or otherwise), be discharged only to the extent of the amount in the Designated Currency that the Holder receiving such payment may, in accordance with normal banking procedures, purchase with the sum paid in such other currency (after any premium and cost of exchange) in the country of issue of the Designated Currency in the case of Foreign Currency or Dollars or in the international banking community in the case of a composite currency on the Business Day immediately following the day on which such Holder receives such payment; (c) if the amount in the Designated Currency that may be so purchased for any reason falls short of the amount originally due, the Company shall pay such additional amounts as may be necessary to compensate for such shortfall; and (d) any obligation of the Company not discharged by such payment shall be due as a separate and independent obligation and, until discharged as provided herein, shall continue in full force and effect.

Section 313. CUSIP Numbers .

The Company in issuing the Debt Securities may use “CUSIP” numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP” numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Debt Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Debt Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company will promptly notify the Trustee in writing of any change in the “CUSIP” numbers.

ARTICLE FOUR

Satisfaction and Discharge

Section 401. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture .

This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect (except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of Debt Securities herein expressly provided for and rights to receive payments of principal and interest thereon and any right to receive additional amounts, as provided in Section 1006) and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture when

(1) either

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(A) all Debt Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered and all coupons appertaining thereto (other than (i) coupons appertaining to Bearer Securities surrendered in exchange for Registered Securities and maturing after such exchange, surrender of which is not required or has been waived as provided in Section 305, (ii) Debt Securities and coupons which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 306, (iii) coupons appertaining to Bearer Securities called for redemption or surrendered for repayment and maturing after the relevant Redemption Date or Repayment Date, as appropriate, surrender of which has been waived as provided in Section 1106 or 1303 and (iv) Debt Securities and coupons for whose payment money and/or Government Obligations have theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 1003) have been delivered to the Trustee cancelled or for cancellation; or

(B) all such Debt Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation

(i) have become due and payable, or

(ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or

(iii) are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, and the Company, in the case of (B)(i), (B)(ii) or (B)(iii) above, has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose money and/or Government Obligations the payments of principal and interest on which when due (and without reinvestment) will provide money in such amounts as will (together with any money irrevocably deposited in trust with the Trustee, without investment) be sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Debt Securities and coupons of such series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, and any mandatory sinking fund, repayment or analogous payments thereon, on the scheduled due dates therefor to the date of such deposit (in the case of Debt Securities and coupons which have become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, if any, and all Repayment Dates (in the case of Debt Securities repayable at the option of the Holders thereof); provided, however, that in the event a petition for relief under any applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law is filed with respect to the Company within 91 days after the deposit, the obligations of the Company under the Indenture with respect to the Debt Securities of such series shall not be deemed terminated or discharged, and in such event the Trustee shall be required to return the deposited money and Government Obligations then held by the Trustee to the Company;

(2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and

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(3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.

Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 607 and, if money or Government Obligations shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Subclause (B) of Clause (1) of this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 402 and the last paragraph of Section 1003 shall survive.

Section 402. Application of Trust Money and Government Obligations .

(a) Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all money and Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 401, 403 or 1501 shall be held in trust and such money and the principal and interest received on such Government Obligations shall be applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Debt Securities, any coupons and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal (and premium, if any) and interest for whose payment such money or Government Obligations have been deposited with the Trustee.

(b) The Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any Government Obligations or money held by it as provided in Section 403 or 1501 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are then in excess of the amount thereof which then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such Government Obligations or money were deposited or received.

(c) The Trustee shall deliver to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any Government Obligations held by it as provided in Section 403 or 1501, provided that the Company in substitution therefor simultaneously delivers to the Trustee, money or other Government Obligations which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, would then be sufficient to satisfy the Company’s payment obligations in respect of the Debt Securities in the manner contemplated by Section 403 or 1501.

Section 403. Satisfaction, Discharge and Defeasance of Debt Securities of any Series .

If this Section 403 is specified, as contemplated by Section 301, to be applicable to Debt Securities of any series, then, notwithstanding Section 401, (i) the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the Outstanding Debt Securities of any such series and related coupons; (ii) the provisions of this Indenture as it relates to such Outstanding Debt Securities and related coupons shall no longer be in effect (except as to (A) the rights of Holders of Debt Securities to receive, from the trust fund described in subparagraph (1) below, payment of (x) the principal of (and premium, if any) and any installment of principal of

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(and premium, if any) or interest on such Debt Securities and related coupons on the Stated Maturity of such principal (and premium, if any) or installment of principal (and premium, if any) or interest or (y) any mandatory sinking fund, repayment or analogous payments applicable to the Debt Securities of that series on that day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and of such Debt Securities, (B) the Company’s obligations with respect to such Debt Securities under Sections 304, 305, 306, 1002, 1003 and 1006, and (C) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder, including those under Section 607 hereof); and (iii) the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall, upon Company Order, execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of such indebtedness, when

(1) either

(A) with respect to all Outstanding Debt Securities of such series and related coupons, with reference to this Section 403, the Company has deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee irrevocably, as trust funds in trust, money and/or Government Obligations the payments of principal and interest on which when due (and without reinvestment) will provide money in such amounts as will (together with any money irrevocably deposited in trust with the Trustee, without investment) be sufficient to pay and discharge (i) the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Outstanding Debt Securities of that series on the Stated Maturity of such principal or interest or, if such series may be redeemed by the Company prior to the Stated Maturity thereof and the Company shall have given irrevocable instructions to the Trustee to effect such redemption, at the date fixed for such redemption pursuant to Article Eleven, and (ii) any mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments applicable to Debt Securities of such series on the date on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and of such Debt Securities; or

(B) the Company has properly fulfilled such other means of satisfaction and discharge as is specified, as contemplated by Section 301, to be applicable to the Debt Securities of such series;

(2) Company has paid or caused to be paid all sums payable with respect to the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series and related coupons;

(3) such deposit will not result in a breach of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;

(4) no Event of Default or event which, with the giving of notice or lapse of time, or both, would become an Event of Default pursuant to Section 501(1), (2), (3), (6) or (7) with respect to the Debt Securities of such series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit and no Event of Default under Section 501(6) or Section 501(7) or event which, with the giving of notice or lapse of time, or both, would become an Event of Default under Section 501(6) or Section 501(7) shall have occurred and be continuing on the 91st day after such date; provided, however, that should that condition fail to be satisfied on or before such 91st day, the Trustee shall promptly, upon satisfactory receipt of evidence of such failure, return such deposit to the Company;

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(5) if the Debt Securities of that series are then listed on any domestic or foreign securities exchange, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that such deposit, defeasance and discharge will not cause such Debt Securities to be delisted; and

(6) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of the entire indebtedness of all Outstanding Debt Securities and related coupons have been complied with.

Any deposits with the Trustee referred to in Section 403(1)(A) above shall be irrevocable and shall be made under the terms of an escrow or trust agreement in form and substance satisfactory to the Trustee. If any Outstanding Debt Securities of such series are to be redeemed prior to their Stated Maturity, whether pursuant to any optional redemption provisions or in accordance with any mandatory sinking fund requirement, the applicable escrow or trust agreement shall provide therefor and the Company shall make such arrangements as are satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company.

Upon the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in this Section 403 with respect to all the Outstanding Debt Securities of any series, the terms and conditions of such series, including the terms and conditions with respect thereto set forth in this Indenture, shall no longer be binding upon, or applicable to, the Company; provided that the Company shall not be discharged from any payment obligations in respect of Debt Securities of such series which are deemed not to be Outstanding under clause (iii) of the definition thereof if such obligations continue to be valid obligations of the Company under applicable law.

Notwithstanding the cessation, termination and discharge of all obligations, covenants and agreements (except as provided above in this Section 403) of the Company under this Indenture with respect to any series of Debt Securities, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 607, and the obligations of the Trustee under Section 402 and the last paragraph of Section 1003, shall survive with respect to such series of Debt Securities.

ARTICLE FIVE

Remedies

Section 501. Events of Default .

“Event of Default”, wherever used herein with respect to Debt Securities of any series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law, pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body):

(1) default in the payment of any interest upon any Debt Security of such series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or

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(2) default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Debt Security of such series at its Maturity; or

(3) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as due by the terms of a Debt Security of such series; or

(4) default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty a default in whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere in this Section specifically dealt with or which has expressly been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of Debt Securities of a series other than such series), and continuance of such default or breach for a period of 90 days after there has been given by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee, or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series, a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder; or

(5) a default under any Debt by the Company or any Subsidiary (including a default with respect to Debt Securities of any series other than that series) or under any Mortgage, indenture or instrument under which there may be issued or by which there may be secured or evidenced any Debt by the Company or any Subsidiary (including this Indenture), whether such Debt now exists or shall hereafter be created, which default shall have resulted in such Debt in an outstanding principal amount in excess of $50 million becoming or being declared due and payable prior to the date on which it would otherwise have become due and payable, without such acceleration having been rescinded or annulled, or such Debt having been discharged, within a period of 10 days after there shall have been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series a written notice specifying such default and requiring the Company to cause such acceleration to be rescinded or annulled or cause such Debt to be discharged and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder; or

(6) the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the premises of (A) a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or (B) a decree or order adjudging the Company a bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect of the Company under any applicable Federal or State law, or appointing a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order for relief or any such other decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 90 consecutive days; or

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(7) the commencement by the Company of a voluntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or of any other case or proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the entry of a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or to the commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding against it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable Federal or State law, or the consent by it to the filing of such petition or to the appointment of or taking possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, or the taking of corporate action by the Company in furtherance of any such action; or

(8) any other Event of Default, if any, provided with respect to Debt Securities of such series specified as contemplated by Section 301.

Section 502. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment .

If an Event of Default with respect to Debt Securities of any series at the time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then and in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of Outstanding Debt Securities of such series may declare the principal amount (or, if the Debt Securities of such series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such series) of and all accrued but unpaid interest on all the Debt Securities of such series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by such Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) shall become immediately due and payable. Upon payment of such amount, all obligations of the Company in respect of the payment of principal of the Debt Securities of such series shall terminate.

At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to Debt Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if

(1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay

(A) all overdue installments of interest on all Debt Securities of such series,

(B) the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Debt Securities of such series which have become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and interest thereon at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Debt Securities,

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(C) to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest upon overdue installments of interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Debt Securities, and

(D) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel; and

(2) all Events of Default with respect to Debt Securities of such series, other than the non-payment of the principal of Debt Securities of such series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 513.

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.

Section 503. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee .

The Company covenants that if:

(1) default is made in the payment of any installment of interest on any Debt Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or

(2) default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Debt Security at the Maturity thereof, the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Debt Securities and any related coupons, the amount then due and payable on such Debt Securities and coupons for principal (and premium, if any) and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest upon the overdue principal (and premium, if any) and upon overdue installments of interest, at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Debt Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Debt Securities and coupons and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Debt Securities and coupons, wherever situated.

If an Event of Default with respect to Debt Securities of any series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Debt Securities of such series and any related coupons by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

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Section 504. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim .

In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceedings, or any voluntary or involuntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws as now or hereafter constituted, relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Debt Securities of a particular series or any related coupons or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of such Debt Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceedings or otherwise,

(1) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal (and premium, if any) and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Debt Securities of such series and any appurtenant coupons and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and

(2) to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;

and any receiver, assignee, trustee, custodian, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee, and in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 607.

Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Debt Securities or any coupons or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

Section 505. Trustee May Enforce Claims without Possession of Debt Securities or Coupons .

All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Debt Securities or coupons may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Debt Securities or coupons or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name, as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Debt Securities and coupons in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

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Section 506. Application of Money Collected .

Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal (and premium, if any) or interest, upon presentation of the Debt Securities or any coupons, or both, as the case may be, and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 607;

SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Debt Securities and any coupons, in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Debt Securities and any coupons for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively. The Holders of each series of Debt Securities denominated in Euro, any other composite currency or a Foreign Currency and any matured coupons relating thereto shall be entitled to receive a ratable portion of the amount determined by the Exchange Rate Agent by converting the principal amount Outstanding of such series of Debt Securities and matured but unpaid interest on such series of Debt Securities in the currency in which such series of Debt Securities is denominated into Dollars at the Exchange Rate as of the date of declaration of acceleration of the Maturity of the Debt Securities; and

THIRD: The balance, if any, to the Company.

Section 507. Limitation on Suits .

No Holder of any Debt Securities of any series or any related coupons shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless

(1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Debt Securities of such series;

(2) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

(3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;

(4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and

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(5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series; it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other such Holders (it being understood that the Trustee does not have an affirmative duty to ascertain whether or not such actions or forebearances are unduly prejudicial to such Holders), or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all of such Holders.

Section 508. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest .

Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Debt Security or coupon shall have the right which is absolute and unconditional to receive payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Section 307) interest on such Debt Security or payment of such coupon on the respective Stated Maturity or Maturities expressed in such Debt Security or coupon (or, in the case of redemption or repayment, on the Redemption Date or the Repayment Date, as the case may be) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such right shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

Section 509. Restoration of Rights and Remedies .

If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceedings to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall, subject to any determination in such proceeding, be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder, and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

Section 510. Rights and Remedies Cumulative .

Except as otherwise provided in Section 306, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

Section 511. Delay or Omission Not Waiver .

No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Debt Security or coupon to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.

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Section 512. Control by Holders of Debt Securities .

The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of such series, provided, that

(1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture;

(2) subject to the provisions of Section 601, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee, determine that the proceedings so directed would be unjustly prejudicial to the Holders of Debt Securities of such series not joining in any such direction; and

(3) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction.

Section 513. Waiver of Past Defaults .

The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of any series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Debt Securities of any such series and any related coupons waive any past default hereunder with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default

(1) in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Debt Security of such series, or

(2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article Nine cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Debt Security of such series affected.

Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.

Section 514. Undertaking for Costs .

All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Debt Security or coupon by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant

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in such suit, having a due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant, but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Company or the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Debt Security or the payment of any coupons on or after the respective Stated Maturity or Maturities expressed in such Debt Security or coupon (or, in the case of redemption or repayment, on or after the Redemption Date or Repayment Date, as the case may be).

Section 515. Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws .

The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law whenever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefits or advantage of any such law, and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

ARTICLE SIX

The Trustee

Section 601. Certain Duties and Responsibilities .

(a) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default,

(1) the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and

(2) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions which by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations or other facts stated therein).

(b) In case an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his or her own affairs.

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(c) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that

(1) this Subsection shall not be construed to limit the effect of Subsection (a) of this Section;

(2) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgement made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;

(3) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, determined as provided in Sections 101, 104 and 512, relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Debt Securities of such series; and

(4) no provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.

Section 602. Notice of Default .

If a default occurs hereunder with respect to Debt Securities of any series the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Holders of Debt Securities of such series notice of such default as and to the extent provided by the Trust Indenture Act; provided, however, that in the case of any default of the character specified in Section 501(4) with respect to Debt Securities of such series no such notice to Holders shall be given until at least 30 days after the occurrence thereof. For the purpose of this Section, the term “default” means any event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to Debt Securities of such series.

Section 603. Certain Rights of Trustee .

Except as otherwise provided in Section 601:

(a) the Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any signature, resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, coupon or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

(b) any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order and any resolution of the Board of Directors shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;

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(c) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, conclusively rely upon an Officers’ Certificate;

(d) the Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;

(e) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders of Debt Securities of such series or any related coupons pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction;

(f) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, coupon, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney, other than any such books or records containing information as to the affairs of the customers of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; provided that the Trustee may examine such books and records relating to customers to the extent that such books and records contain information as to any payments made to such customers in their capacity as Holders of Debt Securities; provided, further, that the Trustee shall treat all information regarding the Company which it receives pursuant to this Indenture and its duties hereunder as confidential and shall not disclose such information unless necessary in order to fulfill its duties under this Indenture or the Trust Indenture Act;

(g) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder; no Exchange Rate Agent, Global Exchange Agent, Depositary or Paying Agent shall be deemed an agent of the Trustee and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or omission by any of them;

(h) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered, or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and reasonably believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;

(i) in no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for special, indirect, or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including, but not limited to, loss of profit) irrespective of whether the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action;

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(j) the Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Debt Securities and this Indenture;

(k) the rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including, without limitation, its right to be indemnified, are extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder, and each agent, custodian and other Person employed to act hereunder; and

(l) the Trustee may request that the Company deliver an Officers’ Certificate setting forth the names of individuals and/or titles of officers authorized at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture, which Officers’ Certificate may be signed by any person authorized to sign an Officers’ Certificate, including any person specified as so authorized in any such certificate previously delivered and not superseded.

Section 604. Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Debt Securities .

The recitals contained herein and in the Debt Securities, except the Trustee’s certificates of authentication, and in any coupons, and the information in any registration statement, including all attachments thereto, except information provided by the Trustee therein, shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Debt Securities of any series or any coupons. The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any Debt Securities or the proceeds thereof. The Trustee shall not be responsible for and makes no representations as to the Company’s ability or authority to issue Bearer Securities or the lawfulness thereof.

Section 605. May Hold Debt Securities or Coupons .

The Trustee, any Paying Agent, the Security Registrar or any other agent of the Company or the Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Debt Securities and coupons, and, subject to Sections 608 and 613, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, Paying Agent, Security Registrar or such agent.

Section 606. Money Held in Trust .

Money held by the Trustee or any Paying Agent in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. Neither the Trustee nor any Paying Agent shall be under any liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed with the Company.

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Section 607. Compensation and Reimbursement .

The Company agrees

(1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder which shall have from time to time been separately agreed to by the Company and the Trustee in writing (which compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust);

(2) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be attributable to its negligence or bad faith; and

(3) to indemnify each of the Trustee or any predecessor Trustee and their agents for, and to hold them harmless against, any and all loss, damage, claims, liability or expense, including taxes (other than taxes based upon, measured by or determined by the income of the Trustee), arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim (whether asserted by the Company, or any Holder or any other Person) or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder, or in connection with enforcing the provisions of this Section, except to the extent that such loss, damage, claim, liability or expense is due to its own negligence or bad faith.

The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of any claim for which it may seek indemnification pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture. The Company shall be entitled to participate in, and to the extent that it shall wish, to assume the defense of such claim, with counsel satisfactory to the Trustee (and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense thereof), and after notice from the Company to the Trustee of the Company’s election so to assume the defense thereof, the Company shall not be liable to the Trustee under this Indenture for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by the Trustee in connection with the defense thereof other than reasonable costs of investigation; provided, however, that the Trustee may only employ separate counsel at the expense of the Company if in the judgment of the Trustee (i) a conflict of interest exists by reason of common representation or (ii) there are legal defenses available to the Trustee that are different from or are in addition to those available to the Company or if all parties commonly represented do not agree as to the action (or inaction) of counsel. The Company shall not be obligated under any settlement agreement relating to any claim under this Indenture to which it has not agreed in writing.

As security for the performance of the obligations of the Company under this Section the Trustee shall have a claim prior to the Debt Securities and any coupons upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the payment of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on particular Debt Securities or any coupons.

The provisions of this Section 607 shall survive the resignation or removal of the Trustee and the termination of this Indenture.

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Section 608. Disqualification; Conflicting Interests .

If the Trustee has or shall acquire any conflicting interest within the meaning of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall either eliminate such interest or resign, to the extent and in the manner provided by, and subject to the provisions of, the Trust Indenture Act and this Indenture. To the extent permitted by such Act, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have a conflicting interest with respect to Debt Securities of any series by virtue of being a trustee under this Indenture with respect to any particular series of Debt Securities.

Section 609. Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility .

There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder which shall be a corporation that is eligible pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as such and organized and doing business under the laws of the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000, and subject to supervision or examination by Federal or State authority; provided, however, that if Section 310(a) of the Trust Indenture Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission under the Trust Indenture Act at any time permit a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of any other jurisdiction to serve as trustee of an indenture qualified under the Trust Indenture Act, this Section 609 shall be automatically amended to permit a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of any such other jurisdiction to serve as Trustee hereunder. If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

Section 610. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor .

(a) No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee under Section 611.

(b) The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Debt Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If an instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition, at the expense of the Company, any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of such series.

(c) The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Debt Securities of any series by the Company or by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and to the Company.

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(d) If at any time:

(1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section 608 with respect to the Debt Securities of any series after written request therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Debt Security of such series for at least six months, or

(2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 609 with respect to any series of Debt Securities and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such Holder, or

(3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting with respect to any series of Debt Securities or a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises shall have been entered in respect of the Trustee in an involuntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law; or a decree or order by a court having jurisdiction in the premises shall have been entered for the appointment of a receiver, custodian, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the Trustee or of its property or affairs, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation, winding up or liquidation, or

(4) the Trustee shall commence a voluntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law or shall consent to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, custodian, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the Trustee or its property or affairs, or shall make an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or shall admit in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, or shall take corporate action in furtherance of any such action,

then, in any such case, (i) the Company by a Board Resolution may remove the Trustee with respect to such series at any time or (ii) subject to Section 514, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Debt Security of any series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee for the Debt Securities of such series and the appointment of a successor Trustee. In addition, the Company may remove the Trustee if the Company shall determine by a Board Resolution that the services provided by the Trustee hereunder may be obtained at a substantially lower cost to the Company. If an instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of removal, the Trustee that is to be removed may, at the expense of the Company, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of such series.

(e) If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting with respect to any series of Debt Securities, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect to the Debt Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect

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to the Debt Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Debt Securities of one or more or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable requirements of Section 611. If, within one year after such resignation, removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner hereinafter provided, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Debt Security of such series for at least six months may, subject to Section 514, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of such series.

(f) The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of any series and each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of any series by mailing written notice of such event by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to the Holders of Registered Securities, if any, of such series as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register and, if Debt Securities of such series are issuable as Bearer Securities, by publishing notice of such event once in an Authorized Newspaper in each Place of Payment located outside the United States. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

Section 611. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor .

(a) In the case of an appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to all Debt Securities, every such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on request of the Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges due under Section 607 hereof, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee, and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

(b) In the case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee upon payment of its charges and each successor Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture

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supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Debt Securities, shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on the request of the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Debt Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates.

(c) Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.

(d) No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this Article.

Section 612. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business .

Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article, without the executing or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Debt Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion, consolidation or sale to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Debt Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Debt Securities. In case any Debt Securities shall not have been authenticated by such predecessor Trustee, any such successor Trustee may authenticate and deliver such Debt Securities, in either its own name or that of its predecessor Trustee, with the full force and effect which this Indenture provides for the certificate of authentication of the Trustee.

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Section 613. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company .

If and when the Trustee shall be or shall become a creditor, directly or indirectly, secured or unsecured, of the Company (or any other obligor upon the Debt Securities), the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act regarding collection of claims against the Company (or any such other obligor).

Section 614. Authenticating Agent .

The Trustee shall upon Company Request appoint one or more Authenticating Agents (including, without limitation, the Company or any Affiliate thereof) with respect to one or more series of Debt Securities which shall be authorized on behalf of the Trustee in authenticating Debt Securities of such series in connection with the issue, delivery, registration of transfer, exchange, partial redemption or repayment of such Debt Securities. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication of Debt Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent must be acceptable to the Company and, in the case of Registered Securities, must be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or of any State or the District of Columbia, having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000, authorized under such laws to do a trust business and subject to supervision or examination by Federal or State authorities, and in the case of Bearer Securities and an authenticating agent who is not organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or of any State thereof or the District of Columbia, is subject to supervision or examination by the appropriate foreign authorities.

Any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency business of an authenticating agent shall continue to be an authenticating agent without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee or such authenticating agent.

An authenticating agent may at any time resign with respect to one or more series of Debt Securities by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate the agency of any authenticating agent with respect to one or more series of Debt Securities by giving written notice of termination to such authenticating agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time an authenticating agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor authenticating agent. Any successor authenticating agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become vested with all rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an authenticating agent herein. No successor authenticating agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section.

The Company agrees to pay to each authenticating agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section.

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The provisions of Sections 104, 111, 306, 309, 603, 604 and 605 shall be applicable to any authenticating agent.

Pursuant to each appointment made under this Section, the Debt Securities of each series covered by such appointment may have endorsed thereon, in lieu of the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication in substantially the following form:

This is one of the Debt Securities, of the series designated herein, described in the within-mentioned Indenture.





Dated:	By
		Authorized Signatory

ARTICLE SEVEN

Holders’ Lists and Reports By Trustee and Company

Section 701. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders .

The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee with respect to Debt Securities of each series for which it acts as Trustee:

(1) semi-annually, not later than May 15 and November 15 in each year, a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Holders of Registered Securities as of the preceding May 1 or November 1, as the case may be, and

(2) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished;

provided, however, that if and so long as the Trustee shall be the Security Registrar, no such list need be furnished.

Section 702. Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders .

(a) The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, the names and addresses of Holders of Registered Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section 701 and the names and addresses of Holders of Registered Securities received by the Trustee in its capacity as Paying Agent or Security Registrar, if so acting. The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 701 upon receipt of a new list so furnished. The Trustee shall preserve for at least two years the names and addresses of Holders of Bearer Securities filed with the Trustee by such Holders.

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(b) The rights of Holders to communicate with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Debt Securities, and the corresponding rights and privileges of the Trustee, shall be as provided by the Trust Indenture Act.

(c) Every Holder of Debt Securities or coupons, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee shall be held accountable by reason of any disclosure of information as to the names and addresses of the Holders made pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act.

Section 703. Reports by Trustee .

(a) The Trustee shall transmit to Holders such reports concerning the Trustee and its actions under this Indenture as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided pursuant thereto. If required by Section 313 (a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall, within sixty days after the date specified in a supplemental indenture with respect to any issuance of Debt Securities under this Indenture deliver to Holders a brief report, dated as of such specified date, which complies with the provisions of such Section 313(a).

(b) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange, if any, upon which any Debt Securities of such series are listed, with the Commission and also with the Company. The Company will notify the Trustee when any series of Debt Securities are listed on any stock exchange and any delisting thereof.

Section 704. Reports by Company .

The Company shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, and transmit to Holders such information, documents and other reports, and such summaries thereof, as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the time and in the manner pursuant to such Act; provided that such information, documents or reports required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 shall be filed with the Trustee within 15 days after the same is so required to be filed with the Commission.

Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officers’ Certificates).

ARTICLE EIGHT

Consolidation, Merger, Conveyance, Transfer or Lease

Section 801. Company May Consolidate, etc. Only on Certain Terms .

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The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any other corporation or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, and the Company shall not permit any Person to consolidate with or merge into the Company, or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to the Company, unless:

(1) in case the Company shall consolidate with or merge into another corporation or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, the corporation formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, the properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety shall be a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any political subdivision thereof or any State thereof and shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest (including all additional amounts, if any, payable pursuant to Section 1006) on all the Debt Securities and the performance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or observed;

(2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have happened and be continuing; and

(3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been met.

Section 802. Successor Corporation Substituted .

Upon any consolidation with or merger into any other corporation, or any conveyance, transfer or lease of the properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety in accordance with Section 801, the successor corporation formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor had been named as the Company herein, and thereafter, except in the case of a lease, the Company (which term for this purpose shall mean the Person named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this instrument or any successor corporation which shall theretofore have become such in the manner presented in this Article) shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Debt Securities and any coupons.

Section 803. Conveyance or Transfer to a Wholly-owned Subsidiary .

Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 801 and 802, and without any requirement of complying with any of such provisions, the Company may convey or transfer its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to another corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America or any State or the District of Columbia which is lawfully entitled

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to acquire the same; provided, however, that immediately after giving effect to such conveyance or transfer and to the receipt of the consideration therefore such other corporation shall be a Wholly-owned Subsidiary of the Company and prior to such conveyance or transfer there shall have been filed with the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate to the effect that the requirements of this Section 803 will be complied with in connection with such conveyance or transfer.

ARTICLE NINE

Supplemental Indentures

Section 901. Supplemental Indentures without Consent of Holders .

Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes:

(1) to evidence the succession of another corporation to the Company, and the assumption by such successor of the covenants of the Company herein and in the Debt Securities contained; or

(2) to add to the covenants of the Company, for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Debt Securities (and if such covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Debt Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series) or any coupons, to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or pledge any property to or with the Trustee, or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company; or

(3) to add any additional Events of Default (and if such Events of Default are to be applicable to less than all series of Debt Securities, stating that such Events of Default are expressly being included solely to be applicable to such series); or

(4) to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture to provide that Bearer Securities may be registrable as to principal, to change or eliminate any restrictions on the payment of principal of (or premium, if any, on) Registered Securities or of principal of (or premium, if any, on) or any interest on Bearer Securities, to permit Bearer Securities to be issued in exchange for Registered Securities of other authorized denominations or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Debt Securities in uncertificated form, provided any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Debt Securities of any series or any related coupons in any material respect; or

(5) to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture, provided that any such change or elimination (a) shall become effective only when there is no Debt Security Outstanding of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture which is entitled to the benefit of such provisions or (b) shall not apply to any Debt Security Outstanding; or

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(6) to establish the form or terms of Debt Securities of any series as permitted by Sections 201 and 301; or

(7) to secure the Debt Securities; or

(8) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Debt Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 611(b); or

(9) to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Indenture which shall not be inconsistent with any provision of this Indenture, provided such other provisions shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Debt Securities of any series or any related coupons in any material respect; or

(10) to add to or change or eliminate any provision of this Indenture as shall be necessary or desirable in accordance with any amendments to the Trust Indenture Act, provided such action shall not adversely affect the interest of Holders of Debt Securities of any series or any related coupons in any material respect.

Section 902. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders .

With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of all series affected by such supplemental indenture, acting together as a class, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of such Debt Securities of such series and any related coupons; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Debt Security or coupon affected thereby,

(1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal or any installment of principal of, or any installment of interest on, any Debt Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof or the interest thereon or any premium payable upon redemption or repayment thereof, or change any obligation of the Company to pay additional amounts pursuant to Section 1006 (except as contemplated by Section 801(1) and permitted by Section 901(1)), or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security that would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502, or change any Place of Payment, or the coin or currency in which any Debt Security or the interest thereon or any coupon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption or repayment, on or after the Redemption Date or Repayment Date, as the case may be), or

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(2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver (of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided for in this Indenture, or reduce the requirements of Section 1404 for quorum or voting, or

(3) modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 513 or Section 1009, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Debt Security affected thereby; provided, however, that this clause shall not be deemed to require the consent of any Holder with respect to changes in the references to “the Trustee” and concomitant changes in this Section and Section 1009, or the deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the requirements of Section 611(b) and 901(8), or

(4) adversely affect the right to repayment, if any, of Debt Securities of any series at the option of the Holders thereof.

A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Debt Securities, or which modifies the rights of the Holders of Debt Securities of such series with respect to such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Debt Securities of any other series.

It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders of the Debt Securities under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

Section 903. Execution of Supplemental Indentures .

In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

Section 904. Effect of Supplemental Indentures .

Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of Debt Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder and of any coupons appertaining thereto shall be bound thereby.

Section 905. Conformity with Trust Indenture Act .

Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

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Section 906. Reference in Debt Securities to Supplemental Indentures .

Debt Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Debt Securities of any series and any appurtenant coupons so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Debt Securities of such series and any appurtenant coupons.

ARTICLE TEN

Covenants

Section 1001. Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest .

The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series of Debt Securities and any appurtenant coupons that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Debt Securities in accordance with the terms of the Debt Securities, any appurtenant coupons and this Indenture. Any interest due on Bearer Securities on or before Maturity, other than additional amounts, if any, payable as provided in Section 1006 in respect of principal of (or premium, if any, on) such a Debt Security, shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of the coupon or coupons for such interest installments as are evidenced thereby as they severally mature.

Section 1002. Maintenance of Office or Agency .

The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of Debt Securities an office or agency where Debt Securities (but, except as otherwise provided below, unless such Place of Payment is located outside the United States, not Bearer Securities or coupons) may be presented or surrendered for payment, where Debt Securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Debt Securities and this Indenture may be served. If Debt Securities of a series are issuable as Bearer Securities, the Company will maintain, subject to any laws or regulations applicable thereto, an office or agency in a Place of Payment for such series which is located outside the United States where Debt Securities of such series and the related coupons may be presented and surrendered for payment (including payment of any additional amounts payable on Debt Securities of such series pursuant to Section 1006); provided, however, that if the Debt Securities of such series are listed on a stock exchange located outside the United States and such stock exchange shall so require, the Company will maintain a Paying Agent in any required city located outside the United States, as the case may be, so long as the Debt Securities of such series are listed on such exchange. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of any such office or agency. If at any time the

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Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices or demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office, and the Company hereby appoints its agent to receive all presentations, surrenders, notices and demands, except that Bearer Securities of that series and the related coupons may be resented and surrendered for payment (including payment of any additional amounts payable on Bearer Securities of that series pursuant to Section 1006) at the place specified for the purpose pursuant to Section 301(5).

No payment of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on Bearer Securities shall be made at any office or agency of the Company in the United States or by check mailed to any address in the United States or by transfer to an account maintained with a bank located in the United States; provided, however, payment of principal of and any premium and interest (including additional amounts payable in respect thereof) on any Bearer Security denominated in Dollars may be made at an office or agency of, and designated by, the Company located in the United States if (but only if) payment of the full amount of such principal, premium, interest or additional amounts in Dollars at all offices outside the United States maintained for the purpose by the Company in accordance with this Indenture is illegal or effectively precluded by exchange controls or other similar restrictions and the Trustee receives an Opinion of Counsel that such payment within the United States is legal. Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to any series of Debt Securities, at the option of the Holder of any Bearer Security or related coupon, payment may be made by check in the currency designated for such payment pursuant to the terms of such Bearer Security presented or mailed to an address outside the United States or by transfer to an account in such currency maintained by the payee with a bank located outside the United States.

The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies (in or outside of such Place of Payment) where the Debt Securities of one or more series and any related coupons (subject to the preceding paragraph) may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes, and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in each Place of Payment for any series of Debt Securities for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation and any change in the location of any such other office or agency.

Section 1003. Money for Debt Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust .

If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to any series of Debt Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any of the Debt Securities of such series, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided, and will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents with respect to any series of Debt Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any of the Debt Securities of such series, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum sufficient

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to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

The Company will cause each Paying Agent with respect to any series of Debt Securities other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent will hold all sums held by it for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on Debt Securities of such series in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided; give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Debt Securities of such series or any appurtenant coupons) in the making of any payment of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Debt Securities of such series; and at any time during the continuance of any such default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

The Company may at any time, for the purpose of terminating its obligations under this Indenture with respect to Debt Securities of any series or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money.

Any principal and interest received on the Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee or any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Debt Security of any series or any money on deposit with the Trustee or any Paying Agent representing amounts deducted from the Redemption Price or Repayment Price with respect to unmatured coupons not presented upon redemption or exercise of the Holder’s option for repayment pursuant to Section 1106 or 1303 and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal (and premium, if any) or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Debt Security or any coupon appertaining thereto shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money (including the principal and interest received on Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee), and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, shall at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in an Authorized Newspaper of general circulation in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, and each Place of Payment or mailed to each such Holder, or both, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication or mailing, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.

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Section 1004. Corporate Existence .

Subject to Article Eight, the Company will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate existence, rights (charter and statutory) and franchises, provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right or franchise if the Board of Directors shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and that the loss thereof is not disadvantageous in any material respect to the Holders.

Section 1005. Maintenance of Properties .

The Company will cause all properties used or useful in the conduct of its business or the business of any Subsidiary to be maintained and kept in good condition, repair and working order and supplied with all necessary equipment and will cause to be made all necessary repairs, renewals, replacements, betterments and improvements thereof, all as in the judgment of the Company may be necessary so that the business carried on in connection therewith may be properly and advantageously conducted at all times, provided, however, that nothing in this Section shall prevent the Company from discontinuing the operation or maintenance of any of such properties if such discontinuance is, in the judgment of the Company, desirable in the conduct of its business or the business of any Subsidiary and not disadvantageous in any material respect to the Holders.

Section 1006. Payment of Additional Amounts .

If the Debt Securities of a series provide for the payment of additional amounts, the Company will pay to the Holder of any Debt Security of any series or any coupon appertaining thereto additional amounts upon the terms and subject to the conditions provided therein. Whenever in this Indenture there is mentioned, in any context, the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on, or in respect of, any Debt Security of any series or the net proceeds received on the sale or exchange of any Debt Security of any series, such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of additional amounts provided for in the terms of such Debt Securities and this Section to the extent that, in such context, additional amounts are, were or would be payable in respect thereof pursuant to the provisions of this Section and express mention of the payment of additional amounts (if applicable) in any provisions hereof shall not be construed as excluding additional amounts in those provisions hereof where such express mention is not made.

If the Debt Securities of a series provide for the payment of additional amounts, at least 10 days prior to the first Interest Payment Date with respect to that series of Debt Securities (or if the Debt Securities of that series will not bear interest prior to Maturity, the first day on which a payment of principal (and premium, if any) is made), and at least 10 days prior to each date of payment of principal (and premium, if any) or interest if there has been any change with respect to the matters set forth in the below-mentioned Officers’ Certificate, the Company will furnish the Trustee and the Company’s principal Paying Agent or Paying Agents, if other than the Trustee, with an Officers’ Certificate instructing the Trustee and such Paying Agent or Paying Agents whether such payment of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Debt Securities of that series shall be made to Holders of Debt Securities of that series or the related

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coupons who are United States Aliens without withholding for or on account of any tax, assessment or other governmental charge described in the Debt Securities of that series. If any such withholding shall be required, then such Officers’ Certificate shall specify by country the amount, if any, required to be withheld on such payments to such Holders of Debt Securities or coupons and the Company will pay to the Trustee or such Paying Agent the additional amounts, if any, required by the terms of such Debt Securities and the first paragraph of this Section. The Company covenants to indemnify the Trustee and any Paying Agent for, and to hold them harmless against, any loss, liability or expense reasonably incurred without negligence or bad faith on their part arising out of or in connection with actions taken or omitted by any of them in reliance on any Officers’ Certificate furnished pursuant to this Section.

Section 1007. Payment of Taxes .

The Company will pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged, before the same shall become delinquent, all material taxes, assessments and governmental charges levied or imposed upon the Company or any Subsidiary or upon the income, profits or property of the Company or any Subsidiary, provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged any such tax, assessment or charge whose amount, applicability or validity is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings or where failure to pay or discharge any such tax, assessment or charge would not have a material adverse effect on the Holders.

Section 1008. Officer’s Certificate as to Compliance .

The Company will furnish to the Trustee not more than 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year in each year (beginning with December 31, 2005) a brief certificate from the principal executive, financial or accounting officer of the Company as to his or her knowledge of the Company’s compliance with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture (such compliance to be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture), and, if he or she has knowledge of any default, specifying each such default of which the signer has knowledge and the nature thereof.

Section 1009. Statement by Officers as to Default .

The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, as soon as possible and in any event within five days after the Company becomes aware of the occurrence of any Event of Default or an event which, with notice or the lapse of time or both, would constitute an Event of Default, an Officers’ Certificate setting forth the details of such Event of Default or default and the action which the Company proposes to take with respect thereto.

Section 1010. Waiver of Certain Covenants .

The Company may omit in any particular instance to comply with any covenant or condition set forth in Sections 1004, 1005 and 1007 inclusive with respect to the Debt Securities of any series or any other covenant or condition applicable to the Debt Securities of any series pursuant to Section 301 unless such covenant or condition is determined pursuant to Section 301 not to be subject to this provision if, before the time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Debt Securities at the time Outstanding to which such

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covenant or condition applies shall, acting together as a class by Act of such Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or generally waive compliance with such covenant or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such covenant or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such covenant or condition shall remain in full force and effect.

Section 1011. Calculation of Original Issue Discount .

The Company shall file with the Trustee promptly at the end of each calendar year (i) a written notice specifying the amount of original issue discount (including daily rates and accrual periods) accrued on Outstanding Debt Securities as of the end of such year and (ii) such other specific information relating to such original issue discount as may then be relevant under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.

ARTICLE ELEVEN

Redemption of Debt Securities

Section 1101. Applicability of Article .

Debt Securities of any series which are redeemable before their Stated Maturity shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Debt Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article.

Section 1102. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee .

The election of the Company to redeem any Debt Securities shall be evidenced by a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company of less than all of the Debt Securities of any series, the Company shall, at least 45 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee in writing of such Redemption Date and of the principal amount and the tenor and terms of the Debt Securities of any series to be redeemed. In the case of any redemption of Debt Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Debt Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers’ Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction.

Section 1103. Selection by Trustee of Debt Securities to be Redeemed .

Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Debt Securities of any series, if less than all the Debt Securities of any series with like tenor and terms are to be redeemed, the particular Debt Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series with like tenor and terms not previously called for redemption, by such method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of portions (equal to the minimum authorized denomination for Debt Securities of such series or any integral multiple thereof which is also an authorized denomination) of the principal amount of Registered Securities or Bearer Securities (if issued in more than one authorized denomination) of such series of a denomination larger than the minimum authorized denomination for Debt Securities of such series.

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The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the Debt Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Debt Securities selected for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Debt Securities shall relate, in the case of any Debt Security redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Debt Security which has been or is to be redeemed.

Section 1104. Notice of Redemption .

Notice of redemption shall be given in the manner provided in Section 106 not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, to each Holder of Debt Securities to be redeemed.

All notices of redemption shall state:

(1) the Redemption Date,

(2) the Redemption Price,

(3) if less than all Outstanding Debt Securities of any series are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption, the principal amounts) of the particular Debt Securities to be redeemed,

(4) that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will become due and payable upon each such Debt Security to be redeemed, and that interest thereon shall cease to accrue on and after said date,

(5) the Place or Places of Payment where such Debt Securities, together in the case of Bearer Securities with all coupons, if any, appertaining thereto maturing after the Redemption Date, are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price,

(6) that Bearer Securities may be surrendered for payment only at such place or places which are outside the United States, except as otherwise provided in Section 1002,

(7) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case, and

(8) the CUSIP number, if any.

A notice of redemption published as contemplated by Section 106 need not identify particular Registered Securities to be redeemed.

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Notice of redemption of Debt Securities to be redeemed at the election of the Company shall be given by the Company, or, at the Company’s request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company.

Section 1105. Deposit of Redemption Price .

On or prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 1003) an amount of money and/or Government Obligations the payments of principal and interest on which when due (and without reinvestment) will provide money on or prior to the Redemption Date in such amounts as will (together with any money irrevocably deposited in trust with the Trustee, without investment) be sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, all the Debt Securities or portions thereof which are to be redeemed on that date; provided, however, that deposits with respect to Bearer Securities shall be made with a Paying Agent or Paying Agents located outside the United States except as otherwise provided in Section 1002, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301.

Section 1106. Debt Securities Payable on Redemption Date .

Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Debt Securities to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption Price therein specified and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest) such Debt Securities shall cease to bear interest and the coupons for such interest appertaining to any Bearer Securities so to be redeemed, except to the extent provided below, shall be void. Upon surrender of any such Debt Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Debt Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that installments of interest on Bearer Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of coupons for such interest (at an office or agency located outside the United States except as otherwise provided in Section 1002), and provided further, that installments of interest on Registered Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Debt Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such on the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 307.

If any Bearer Security surrendered for redemption shall not be accompanied by all appurtenant coupons maturing after the Redemption Date, such Bearer Security may be paid after deducting from the Redemption Price an amount equal to the face amount of all such missing coupons, or the surrender of such missing coupon or coupons may be waived by the Company and the Trustee if there be furnished to them such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Bearer Security shall surrender to the Trustee or any Paying Agent any such missing coupon in respect of which a deduction shall have been made from the Redemption Price, such Holder shall be entitled to receive the amount so deducted without interest thereon; provided, however, that interest represented by coupons shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of those coupons at an office or agency located outside of the United States except as otherwise provided in Section 1002.

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If any Debt Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal (and premium, if any) shall, until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the Debt Security.

Section 1107. Debt Securities Redeemed in Part .

Any Registered Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at a Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company, the Security Registrar or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company, the Security Registrar and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Debt Security without service charge, a new Registered Security or Registered Securities of the same series and of like tenor and terms, of any authorized denominations as requested by such Holder in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Debt Security so surrendered.

ARTICLE TWELVE

Sinking Funds

Section 1201. Applicability of Article .

The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Debt Securities of a series except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Debt Securities of such series.

The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Debt Securities of any series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment”, and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Debt Securities of any series is herein referred to an “optional sinking fund payment”. If provided for by the terms of Debt Securities of any series, the amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 1202. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Debt Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Debt Securities of such series.

Section 1202. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Debt Securities .

The Company (1) may deliver Outstanding Debt Securities of a series (other than any previously called for redemption), together in the case of any Bearer Securities of such series with all unmatured coupons appertaining thereto, and (2) may apply as a credit Debt Securities of a series which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Debt Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Debt Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Debt Securities of such series required to be made

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pursuant to the terms of such Debt Securities as provided for by the terms of such series; provided that such Debt Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Debt Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price specified in such Debt Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Debt Securities in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this Section 1202, the principal amount of Debt Securities to be redeemed in order to exhaust the aforesaid cash payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Debt Securities for redemption, except upon Company Request, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment, provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall at the request of the Company from time to time pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of Debt Securities purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment requested to be released to the Company.

Section 1203. Redemption of Debt Securities for Sinking Fund .

Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Debt Securities (unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by crediting Debt Securities of that series pursuant to Section 1202 and the basis for any such credit and, prior to or concurrently with the delivery of such Officers’ Certificate, will also deliver to the Trustee any Debt Securities to be so credited and not theretofore delivered to the Trustee. Not less than 30 days (unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee) before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Debt Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 1103 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 1104. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Debt Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 1105, 1106 and 1107.

ARTICLE THIRTEEN

Repayment at the Option of Holders

Section 1301. Applicability of Article .

Debt Securities of any series which are repayable at the option of the Holders thereof before their Stated Maturity shall be repaid in accordance with their terms and (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 for Debt Securities of such series) in accordance with this Article.

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Section 1302. Repayment of Debt Securities .

Each Debt Security which is subject to repayment in whole or in part at the option of the Holder thereof on a Repayment Date shall be repaid at the applicable Repayment Price together with interest accrued to such Repayment Date as specified pursuant to Section 301.

Section 1303. Exercise of Option; Notice .

Each Holder desiring to exercise such Holder’s option for repayment shall, as conditions to such repayment, surrender the Debt Security to be repaid in whole or in part together with written notice of the exercise of such option at any office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment, not less than 30 nor more than 45 days prior to the Repayment Date; provided, however, that surrender of Bearer Securities together with written notice of exercise of such option shall be made at an office or agency located outside the United States except as otherwise provided in Section 1002. Such notice, which shall be irrevocable, shall specify the principal amount of such Debt Security to be repaid, which shall be equal to the minimum authorized denomination for such Debt Security or an integral multiple thereof, and shall identify the Debt Security to be repaid and, in the case of a partial repayment of the Debt Security, shall specify the denomination or denominations of the Debt Security or Debt Securities of the same series to be issued to the Holder for the portion of the principal of the Debt Security surrendered which is not to be repaid.

If any Bearer Security surrendered for repayment shall not be accompanied by all unmatured coupons and all matured coupons in default, such Bearer Security may be paid after deducting from the Repayment Price an amount equal to the face amount of all such missing coupons, or the surrender of such missing coupon or coupons may be waived by the Company and the Trustee if there be furnished to them such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Bearer Security shall surrender to the Trustee or any Paying Agent any such missing coupon in respect of which a deduction shall have been made from the Repayment Price, such Holder shall be entitled to receive the amount so deducted without interest thereon; provided, however, that interest represented by coupons shall be payable only at an office or agency located outside the United States except as otherwise provided in Section 1002.

The Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver without service charge to the Holder of any Registered Security so surrendered a new Registered Security or Securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination specified in the foregoing notice, in an aggregate principal amount equal to any portion of the principal of the Registered Security so surrendered which is not to be repaid.

The Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver without service charge to the Holder of any Bearer Security so surrendered a new Registered Security or Securities or new Bearer Security or Securities (and all appurtenant unmatured coupons and matured coupons in default) or any combination thereof of the same series of any authorized denomination or denominations specified in the foregoing notice, in an aggregate principal amount equal to any portion of the principal of the Debt Security so surrendered which is not to be paid; provided, however, that the issuance of a Registered Security therefor shall be subject to applicable laws and regulations, including provisions of the United States Federal income tax laws and regulations in effect at the time of the exchange; neither the Company, the Trustee nor

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the Security Registrar shall issue Registered Securities for Bearer Securities if it has received an Opinion of Counsel that as a result of such issuance the Company would suffer adverse consequences under the United States Federal income tax laws then in effect and the Company has delivered to the Trustee a Company Order directing the Trustee not to make such issuances thereafter unless and until the Trustee receives a subsequent Company Order to the contrary. The Company shall deliver copies of such Company Order to the Security Registrar.

For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the repayment of Debt Securities shall relate, in the case of any Debt Security repaid or to be repaid only in part, to the portion of the principal of such Debt Security which has been or is to be repaid.

Section 1304. Election of Repayment by Remarketing Entities .

The Company may elect, with respect to Debt Securities of any series which are repayable at the option of the Holders thereof before their Stated Maturity, at any time prior to any Repayment Date to designate one or more Remarketing Entities to purchase, at a price equal to the Repayment Price, Debt Securities of such series from the Holders thereof who give notice and surrender their Debt Securities in accordance with Section 1303.

Section 1305. Securities Payable on the Repayment Date .

Notice of exercise of the option of repayment having been given and the Debt Securities so to be repaid having been surrendered as aforesaid, such Debt Securities shall, unless purchased in accordance with Section 1304, on the Repayment Date become due and payable at the price therein specified and from and after the Repayment Date such Debt Securities shall cease to bear interest and shall be paid on the Repayment Date, and the coupons for such interest appertaining to Bearer Securities so to be repaid, except to the extent provided above, shall be void, unless the Company shall default in the payment of such price in which case the Company shall continue to be obligated for the principal amount of such Debt Securities and shall be obligated to pay interest on such principal amount at the rate borne by such Debt Securities from time to time until payment in full of such principal amount.

ARTICLE FOURTEEN

Meetings of Holders of Debt Securities

Section 1401. Purposes for Which Meetings May Be Called .

If Debt Securities of a series are issuable in whole or in part as Bearer Securities, a meeting of Holders of Debt Securities of such series may be called at any time and from time to time pursuant to this Article to make, give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act provided by this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders of Debt Securities of such series.

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Section 1402. Call, Notice and Place of Meetings .

(a) The Trustee may at any time call a meeting of Holders of Debt Securities of any series issuable as Bearer Securities for any purpose specified in Section 1401, to be held at such time and at such place in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, or in London as the Trustee shall determine. Notice of every meeting of Holders of Debt Securities of any series, setting forth the time and the place of such meeting and in general terms the action proposed to be taken at such meeting, shall be given, in the manner provided in Section 106, not less than 21 nor more than 180 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting.

(b) In case at any time the Company, pursuant to a Board Resolution, or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of any series shall have requested the Trustee to call a meeting of the Holders of Debt Securities of such series for any purpose specified in Section 1401, by written request setting forth in reasonable detail the action proposed to be taken at the meeting, and the Trustee shall not have made the first publication of the notice of such meeting within 21 days after receipt of such request or shall not thereafter proceed to cause the meeting to be held as provided herein, then the Company or the Holders of Debt Securities of such series in the amount above specified, as the case may be, may determine the time and the place in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, or in London for such meeting and may call such meeting for such purposes by giving notice thereof as provided in subsection (a) of this Section.

Section 1403. Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings .

To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders of Debt Securities of any series, a Person shall be (1) a Holder of one or more Outstanding Debt Securities of such series, or (2) a Person appointed by an instrument in writing as proxy for a Holder or Holders of one or more Outstanding Debt Securities of such series by such Holder or Holders. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be present or to speak at any meeting of Holders of Debt Securities of any series shall be the Persons entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel, any representatives of the Trustee and its counsel and any representatives of the Company and its counsel.

Section 1404. Quorum; Action .

The Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of a series shall constitute a quorum for a meeting of Holders of Debt Securities of such series. In the absence of a quorum within 30 minutes of the time appointed for any such meeting, the meeting shall, if convened at the request of Holders of Debt Securities of such series, be dissolved. In the absence of a quorum in any other case the meeting may be adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined by the chairperson of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such meeting. In the absence of a quorum at any such adjourned meeting, such adjourned meeting may be further adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined by the chairperson of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such adjourned meeting. Notice of this reconvening of any adjourned meeting shall be given as provided in Section 1402(a), except that such notice need be given only once not less than five days prior to the date on which the meeting is scheduled to be reconvened. Notice of the reconvening of an adjourned meeting shall state expressly the percentage, as provided above, of the principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series which shall constitute a quorum.

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Except as limited by the proviso to Section 902, any resolution presented to a meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened at which a quorum is present as aforesaid may be adopted only by the affirmative vote of the Holders of majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of that series, provided, however, that, except as limited by the proviso to Section 902, any resolution with respect to any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act which this Indenture expressly provides may be made, given or taken by the Holders of a specified percentage, which is less than a majority, in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of a series may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned meeting duly reconvened and at which a quorum is present as aforesaid by the affirmative vote of the Holders of such specified percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of that series.

Any resolution passed or decision taken at any meeting of Holders of Debt Securities of any series duly held in accordance with this Section shall be binding on all the Holders of Debt Securities of such series and the related coupons, whether or not present or represented at the meeting.

Section 1405. Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings .

(a) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee may make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for any meeting of Holders of Debt Securities of such series in regard to proof of the holding of Debt Securities of such series and of the appointment of proxies and in regard to the appointment and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and examination of proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote, and such other matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall deem appropriate. Except as otherwise permitted or required by any such regulations, the holding of Debt Securities shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 104 and the appointment of any proxy shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 104 or, in the case of Bearer Securities, by having the signature of the person executing the proxy witnessed or guaranteed by any trust company, bank or banker authorized by Section 104 to certify to the holding of Bearer Securities. Such regulations may provide that written instruments appointing proxies, regular on their face, may be presumed valid and genuine without the proof specified in Section 104 or other proof.

(b) The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing, appoint a temporary chairperson of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called by the Company or by Holders of Debt Securities as provided in Section 1402(b), in which case the Company or the Holders of Debt Securities of the series calling the meeting, as the case may be, shall in like manner appoint a temporary chairperson. A permanent chairperson and a permanent secretary of the meeting shall be elected by vote of the Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series represented at the meeting.

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(c) At any meeting each Holder of a Debt Security of such series or proxy shall be entitled to one vote for each $1,000 principal amount (or the equivalent in Euro, any other composite currency or a Foreign Currency) of Debt Securities of such series held or represented by him; provided, however, that no vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any Debt Security challenged as not Outstanding and ruled by the chairperson of the meeting not to be Outstanding. The chairperson of the meeting shall have no right to vote, except as a Holder of a Debt Security of such series or proxy.

(d) Any meeting of Holders of Debt Securities of any series duly called pursuant to Section 1402 at which a quorum is present may be adjourned from time to time by Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series represented at the meeting; and the meeting may be held as so adjourned without further notice.

Section 1406. Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings .

The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders of Debt Securities of any series shall be by written ballots on which shall be subscribed the signatures of the Holders of Debt Securities of such series or of their representatives by proxy and the principal amounts and serial numbers of the Outstanding Debt Securities of such series held or represented by them. The permanent chairperson of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who shall make and file with the secretary of the meeting their verified written reports in triplicate of all votes cast at the meeting. A record, at least in triplicate, of the proceedings of each meeting of Holders of Debt Securities of any series shall be prepared by the secretary of the meeting and there shall be attached to said record the original reports of the inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot taken thereat and affidavits by one or more persons having knowledge of the facts setting forth a copy of the notice of the meeting and showing that said notice was given as provided in Section 1402 and, if applicable, Section 1401. Each copy shall be signed and verified by the affidavits of the permanent chairperson and secretary of the meeting and one such copy shall be delivered to the Company, and another to the Trustee to be preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached thereto the ballots voted at the meeting. Any record so signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence of the matters therein stated.

ARTICLE FIFTEEN

Defeasance

Section 1501. Termination of Company’s Obligations .

If this Section 1501 is specified, as contemplated by Section 301, to be applicable to any series of Debt Securities and if the Company deposits irrevocably in trust with the Trustee money and/or Government Obligations the payments of principal and interest on which when due (and without reinvestment) will provide money in such amounts as will (together with any money irrevocably deposited in trust with the Trustee, without investment) be sufficient to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) and any installment of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest when due on the Debt Securities of such series and any coupons appertaining thereto

-74-

on the Stated Maturity of such principal or interest or, if such series may be redeemed by the Company prior to the Stated Maturity thereof and the Company shall have given irrevocable instructions to the Trustee to effect such redemption, at the date fixed for such redemption pursuant to Article Eleven, and any mandatory sinking fund, repayment or analogous payments thereon on the scheduled due dates therefor, the Company’s obligations under Sections 801, 803, 1005 and 1007 and any other covenant determined pursuant to Section 301 to be subject to this Section shall terminate and Sections 501(4) (with respect to Sections 801, 803, 1005 and 1007), 501(5), 501(6), 501(7) and 501(8) (if specified as contemplated by Section 301) shall be deemed not to be an Event of Default, in each case with respect to the Debt Securities of the series for which such deposit was made; provided, however, that (i) no Event of Default with respect to the Debt Securities of such series under Section 501(6) or 501(7) or event that with notice or lapse of time or both would constitute such an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing on the 91st day after such date, (ii) such deposit will not result in a breach of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound, and (iii) such termination shall not relieve the Company of its obligations under the Debt Securities of such series and this Indenture to pay when due the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest and additional amounts on such Debt Securities if such amounts are not paid (or payment is not provided for) when due from the money and Government Obligations (and the proceeds thereof) so deposited.

It shall be a condition to the deposit of cash and/or Government Obligations and the termination of the Company’s obligations pursuant to the provisions of this Section with respect to the Debt Securities of any series under Sections 801, 803, 1005 and 1007 and any other covenant determined pursuant to Section 301 to be subject to this Section and the inapplicability of the Events of Default contained in Sections 501(4), 501(5), 501(6), 501(7) and 501(8) to the extent set forth above pursuant to the provisions of this Section with respect to Debt Securities of any series that the Company deliver to the Trustee (i) an Officers’ Certificate to the effect that under the laws in effect on the date such money and/or Government Obligations are deposited with the Trustee, the amount thereof will be sufficient, after payment of all Federal, state and local taxes in respect thereof payable by the Trustee, to pay principal (and premium, if any) and interest when due on the Debt Securities of such series; and (ii) an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated in this Section have been complied with.

It shall be an additional condition to the deposit of cash and/or Government Obligations and the termination of the Company’s obligations pursuant to the provisions of this Section under Sections 801, 803, 1005 and 1007 and any other covenant determined pursuant to Section 301 to be subject to this Section and the inapplicability of the Events of Default contained in Section 501(4), 501(5), 501(6), 501(7) and 501(8) to the extent set forth above pursuant to the provisions of this Section, with respect to the Debt Securities of any series then listed on the New York Stock Exchange, that the Company deliver an Opinion of Counsel that the Debt Securities of such series will not be delisted from the New York Stock Exchange as a result of such deposit and termination.

After a deposit as provided herein, the Trustee shall, upon Company Request, acknowledge in writing the discharge of the Company’s obligations pursuant to the provisions of this Section with respect to the Debt Securities of such series under Sections 801, 803, 1005 and

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1007 and any other covenant determined pursuant to Section 301 to be subject to this Section and the inapplicability of the Events of Default contained in Sections 501(4), 501(5), 501(6), 501(7) and 501(8) to the extent set forth above.

Section 1502. Repayment to Company .

The Trustee and any Paying Agent shall promptly pay to the Company upon Company Request any money or Government Obligations not required for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Debt Securities of any series for which money or Government Obligations have been deposited pursuant to Section 1501 held by them at any time.

The Trustee and any Paying Agent shall promptly pay to the Company upon Company Request any money held by them for the payment of principal (and premium, if any) and interest that remains unclaimed for two years after the Maturity of the Debt Securities for which a deposit has been made pursuant to Section 1501. After such payment to the Company, the Holders of the Debt Securities of such series and any related coupons shall thereafter, as unsecured general creditors, look only to the Company for the payment thereof.

Section 1503. Indemnity for Government Obligations .

The Company shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the deposited Government Obligations or the principal or interest received on such Government Obligations.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed, all as of the day and year first above written.


AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION

By
Name:

Title:



By
Name:

Title:

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EXHIBIT A-1

[Form of Certificate of Beneficial Ownership by a

Non-United States Person or by Certain Other Persons]

Certificate

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION

[Insert title or sufficient description of

Debt Securities to be delivered]

Reference is hereby made to the Indenture dated as of (the “Indenture”) between American Vanguard Corporation and (the “Trustee”), covering the above-captioned Debt Securities. This is to certify that as of the date hereof, principal amount of Debt Securities credited to you for our account (i) is owned by persons that are not United States Persons, as defined below; (ii) is owned by United States Persons that are (a) foreign branches of United States financial institutions (as defined in U.S. Treasury Regulations Section 1.165-12(c)(1)(v)) (“financial institutions”) purchasing for their own account or for resale, or (b) United States Persons who acquired the Debt Securities through foreign branches of United States financial institutions and who hold the Debt Securities through such United States financial institutions on the date hereof (and in either case (a) or (b), each such United States financial institution encloses herewith a certificate in the form of Exhibit A-2 to the Indenture); or (iii) is owned by United States or foreign financial institutions for purposes of resale during the restricted period (as defined in U.S. Treasury Regulations Section 1.163-5(c)(2)(i)(D)(7)), which United States or foreign financial institutions described in clause (iii) above (whether or not also described in clause (i) or (ii)) certify that they have not acquired the Debt Securities for purposes of resale directly or indirectly to a United States Person or to a person within the United States or its possessions.

[Insert if certificate does not relate to an interest payment — We undertake to advise you by facsimile followed by written confirmation if the above statement as to beneficial ownership is not correct on the date of delivery of the above-captioned Debt Securities in bearer form as to all of such Debt Securities with respect to such of said Debt Securities as then appear in your books as being held for our account.] We understand that this certificate is required in connection with United States tax laws. We irrevocably authorize you to produce this certificate or a copy hereof to any interested party in any administrative or legal proceedings with respect to the matters covered by this certificate. “United States Person” shall mean a citizen or resident of the United States of America (including the District of Columbia), a corporation, partnership or other entity created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof or an estate the income of which is subject to United States Federal income taxation regardless of its source, or a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or certain election trusts that were in existence on August 19, 1996, and were treated as democratic trusts on that date.

[This certificate excepts and does not relate to principal amount of Debt Securities credited to you for our account and to which we are not now able to make the certification set

A-1

forth above. We understand that definitive Debt Securities cannot be delivered and interest cannot be paid until we are able to so certify with respect to such principal amount of Debt Securities.]*

Dated: ,

[To be dated on or after , (the date determined as provided in the Indenture)]


[Name of Person Entitled to Receive Bearer Security]


(Authorized Signatory)

Name:

Title:

*	Delete if inappropriate

A-2

EXHIBIT A-2

[Form of Certificate of Status as a

Foreign Branch of a United States Financial Institution]

Certificate

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION

[Insert title or sufficient description of

Debt Securities to be delivered]

Reference is hereby made to the Indenture dated as of (the “Indenture”), American Vanguard Corporation and , relating to the offering of the above-captioned Debt Securities (the “Debt Securities”). Unless herein defined, terms used herein have the same meaning as given to them in the Indenture.

The undersigned represents that it is a branch located outside the United States of a United States securities clearing organization, bank or other financial institution (as defined in U.S. Treasury Regulation Section 1.165-12(c)(1)(v)) that holds customers’ securities in the ordinary course of its trade or business and agrees, and authorizes you to advise the issuer or the issuer’s agent, that it will comply with the requirements of Section 165(j)(3)(A), (B) or (C) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and the regulations thereunder and is not purchasing for resale directly or indirectly to a United States Person or to a person within the United States or its possessions. We undertake to advise you by tested telex followed by written confirmation if the statement in the immediately preceding sentence is not correct on the date of delivery of the above-captioned Debt Securities in bearer form.

We understand that this certificate is required in connection with the United States tax laws. We irrevocably authorize you to produce this certificate or a copy hereof to any interested party in any administrative or legal proceedings with respect to the matters covered by this certificate.

Dated: ,

[To be dated on or after , (the date determined as provided in the Indenture)]


[Name of Person Entitled to Receive Bearer Security]


(Authorized Signatory)

Name:

Title:

A-3

Exhibit 5.1

[McDermott Will & Emery LLP Letterhead]

February 24, 2005

American Vanguard Corporation

4695 MacArthur Court, Suite 1250

Newport Beach, California 92660

Re: American Vanguard Corporation Registration Statement on Form S-3

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel, to American Vanguard Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the preparation and filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) of a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”), including the prospectus constituting a part thereof (the “Prospectus”), relating to the proposed issuance and sale by the Company from time to time in one or more offerings of up to $50,000,000 aggregate amount of: (i) debt securities (the “Debt Securities”) to be issued under an indenture (the “Indenture”) to be entered into between the Company and a trustee to be named; (ii) preferred stock, par value $.10 per share, of the Company (the “Preferred Stock”); (iii) common stock, par value $.10 per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”); and (iv) warrants to purchase Debt Securities, Preferred Stock or Common Stock (the “Warrants”). The Debt Securities, the Preferred Stock, the Common Stock and the Warrants are referred to herein collectively as the “Securities.”

The Prospectus provides that it will be supplemented in the future by one or more supplements to such Prospectus (each, a “Prospectus Supplement”) in connection with particular offerings of the Securities. You have also informed us that you intend to issue Securities from time to time on a delayed or continuous basis and that, prior to issuing any Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement, you will (i) advise us in writing of the terms thereof, (ii) afford us an opportunity to review the operative documents pursuant to which such Securities are to be issued or sold (including the applicable Prospectus Supplement) and (iii) afford us an opportunity to file such supplement or amendment to this opinion (if any) as we may reasonably consider necessary or appropriate.

In connection with rendering the opinions set forth herein, we have examined originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such corporate and other records, documents and other papers as we have deemed necessary to examine for the purpose of this opinion. As to any facts material to the opinions expressed herein which were not independently established or verified, we have relied upon oral or written statements and representations of officers or other representatives of the Company and others.

In our examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures (including endorsements), the legal capacity of all natural persons, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals and the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as certified or photostatic copies and the authenticity of the originals of such copies. In making our examination of documents executed by parties other than the Company, we have assumed that such parties had the power, corporate or other, to enter into and perform all obligations under such documents and have also assumed the due authorization by all requisite action, corporate or other, and execution and delivery by such parties of such documents and the validity and binding effect thereof.

Our opinion with respect to the validity and binding effect of any document or agreement is subject to (i) the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws now or hereafter in effect relating to creditors’ rights generally and general principles of equity (regardless of whether such validity or binding effect is considered in a proceeding at law or in equity), and (ii)

principles of equity (regardless of whether enforcement is considered in proceedings at law or in equity) that may limit the enforceability of any of the remedies, covenants or other provisions of the Securities or any agreement, document, instrument or other papers pursuant to which any Securities are to be issued or the availability of injunctive relief or other equitable remedies or as such principles relate to, limit or affect the enforcement of creditor’s rights generally.

We have also assumed that: (i) the issuance, sale, amount and terms of the Securities to be offered from time to time will be duly authorized and determined by proper action of the Board of Directors of the Company consistent with the procedures and terms described in the Registration Statement (each, a “Board Action”), and in accordance with the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate”), and Bylaws, as amended, and applicable Delaware law, and such authorization shall remain in effect and unchanged at all times during which the Securities are offered and shall not have been modified or rescinded; (ii) the Registration Statement has been declared effective under the Securities Act of 1933 and such effectiveness shall remain in effect and unchanged at all times during which the Securities are offered and shall not have been terminated or rescinded; (iii) a Prospectus Supplement will have been filed with the SEC describing the particular Securities offered thereby; (iv) all Securities will be issued and sold in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and in the manner stated in the Registration Statement and the applicable Prospectus Supplement; (v) a definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement with respect to any Securities offered will have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company and the other party or parties thereto; (vi) any securities issuable upon conversion, exchange, redemption or exercise of any Securities being offered will be duly authorized, created and, if appropriate, reserved for issuance upon such conversion, exchange, redemption or exercise; (vii) with respect to Common Stock and Preferred Stock offered, there will be sufficient shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock authorized under the Certificate and not otherwise reserved for issuance; (viii) the terms of the Securities do not violate any applicable law, any existing debt securities of the Company, or result in a default or breach of any agreement binding upon the Company, and comply with all requirements and restrictions imposed by any court or other governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company; (ix) with respect to the Debt Securities, the applicable trustee shall have been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and a Form T-1 shall have been properly filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement; (x) in the case of an Indenture, a Warrant, or other agreement pursuant to which any Securities are to be issued, there shall be no terms or provisions contained therein which would have the effect, under applicable law, of vitiating the validity and binding nature of such instrument; and (xi) in the case of an underwritten offering, the applicable underwriting agreement shall have been properly filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and the Securities so offered shall have been issued and sold in accordance with the terms and conditions of the applicable underwriting agreement.

We are admitted to the Bars in the State of California and the State of New York. We express no opinion as to the laws of any jurisdiction other than (i) the laws of the State of California, (ii) the laws of the State of New York, (iii) the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, and (iv) the federal laws of the United States of America to the extent specifically referred to herein.

Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the limitations, qualifications, exceptions and assumptions set forth herein, we are of the opinion that:

1. When the Indenture (the form of which has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement) has been duly executed on behalf of the Company and the trustee thereunder, and when the form and terms of the particular Debt Securities have been duly established by the Indenture or any supplemental indenture to the Indenture pursuant to Board Action, and when such Debt Securities have been duly executed on behalf of the Company and duly authenticated by the trustee, and delivered against payment therefor in accordance with the terms of such Board Action, any applicable underwriting agreement, the Indenture and any applicable supplemental indenture, and as contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or the applicable Prospectus Supplement, such Debt Securities will constitute binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, except that the enforceability thereof may be limited by or subject to any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws now or hereafter in effect relating to

creditors’ rights generally and general principles of equity, including, without limitation, concepts of materiality, reasonableness, and good faith and fair dealing (regardless of whether such binding effect is considered in a proceeding at law or in equity).

2. With respect to the Preferred Stock, subject to the due authorization by Board Action of an issuance of Preferred Stock, including, without limitation, the due authorization, approval and filing of one or more certificates of designations pursuant to Section 151 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “Certificate of Designation”), and upon issuance and delivery of the Preferred Stock against payment of valid consideration therefor in accordance with the terms of such Board Action, the Certificate of Designation and any applicable underwriting or purchase agreement, and as contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or the applicable Prospectus Supplement, such Preferred Stock will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

3. With respect to the Common Stock, upon due authorization by Board Action of an issuance of Common Stock, and upon issuance and delivery of the Common Stock against payment of valid consideration therefor in accordance with the terms of such Board Action and any applicable underwriting or purchase agreement, and as contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or the applicable Prospectus Supplement, such Common Stock will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

4. With respect to the Warrants, when the Warrants or certificates representing the Warrants have been duly executed by the Company and issued in accordance with the terms authorized by Board Action and any applicable written agreement(s) relating to the Warrants, and as contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or the applicable Prospectus Supplement, upon payment of the consideration in such an amount as has been or may be determined by the Board, the Warrants will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except that the enforceability thereof may be limited by or subject to any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws now or hereafter in effect relating to creditors’ rights generally and general principles of equity, including, without limitation, concepts of materiality, reasonableness, and good faith and fair dealing (regardless of whether such binding effect is considered in a proceeding at law or in equity).

To the extent that the obligations of the Company under the Indenture may be dependent on such matters, we assume for purposes of this opinion that: (i) the trustee thereunder is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization; (ii) such trustee is duly qualified to engage in the activities contemplated by such Indenture; (iii) such Indenture has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by such trustee and constitutes the legally valid, binding and enforceable obligation of such trustee, enforceable against such trustee in accordance with its terms; (iv) such trustee is in compliance, generally and with respect to acting as a trustee under such Indenture, with all applicable laws and regulations; and that such trustee has the requisite organizational and legal power and authority to perform its obligations under such Indenture.

This opinion is being furnished to you in connection with the preparation and filing with the SEC of the Registration Statement and we assume no obligation to update or supplement this opinion to reflect any facts which may hereafter come to our attention or any changes in law which may hereafter occur. This opinion is solely for your benefit in connection with such transaction and is not to be used, circulated, quoted, relied upon or otherwise referred to for any purpose without our prior written consent. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to being named in the related prospectus under the caption “Legal Matters” with respect to the matters stated therein.

Yours very truly,

/s/ McDERMOTT WILL & EMERY LLP

Exhibit 12.1

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION

Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Charges

(Dollars in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended Sept. 30, 2004		Year Ended Dec. 31,
	Nine Months Ended Sept. 30, 2004		2003		2002		2001		2000		1999
Earnings available to cover fixed charges:
Pretax income from continuing operations before adjustment for minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries or income or loss from equity investments	14,091		16,182		11,278		9,023		7,185		5,223
Plus:
Fixed charges	961		370		610		1,344		1,643		1,656

EARNINGS AVAILABLE TO COVER FIXED CHARGES	15,052		16,552		11,888		10,367		8,828		6,879

Fixed charges:
Interest expensed (net of interest income)	1,008		683		948		1,344		1,643		1,656
Capitalized interest	(50	)	(323	)	(347	)	0		0
Plus:
Amortized premiums, discounts and capitalized expenses related to indebtedness	3		10		9		0		0		0
Estimate of the interest within rental expenses	—	(a)	—	(a)	—	(a)	—	(a)	—	(a)	—	(a)
Preference security dividend requirements of consolidated subsidiaries	0		0		0		0		0		0

TOTAL FIXED CHARGES	961		370		610		1,344		1,643		1,656

RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES	15.66		44.74		19.49		7.71		5.37		4.15

(a)	Interest within rental expenses is deemed to be immaterial for purposes of calculating the ratio of earnings to fixed charges.

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED

CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

American Vanguard Corporation

Newport Beach, California

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement of our report dated February 29, 2004 (except for footnote 15, which is as of March 13, 2004, and footnote 2, which is as of March 19, 2004), relating to the consolidated financial statements of American Vanguard Corporation and Subsidiaries appearing in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, and to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in the Prospectus.

/s/ BDO SEIDMAN, LLP

Los Angeles, CA

February 24, 2005