Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-K

 

(Mark One)

 

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 [FEE REQUIRED]

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004

 

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from                      to                     

 

[Commission File Number 1-9260]

 

UNIT CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

Delaware   73-1283193
(State of Incorporation)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

7130 South Lewis, Suite 1000

Tulsa, Oklahoma

  74136
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code (918) 493-7700

 

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:

 

Title of each class


 

Name of each exchange on which registered


Common Stock, par value $.20 per share   New York Stock Exchange

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

 

Yes   x     No   ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (Section 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in PART III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.   ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).

 

Yes   x     No   ¨

 

Aggregate Market Value of the Voting Stock Held By

 

Non-affiliates on June 30, 2004 – $1,262,168,792

 

Number of Shares of Common Stock

Outstanding on March 7, 2005 – 45,838,644

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

1. Portions of Registrant’s Proxy Statement with respect to the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 4, 2005, to be filed subsequently—Part III.

 

Exhibit Index - See Page 83

 



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Index to Financial Statements

FORM 10-K

UNIT CORPORATION

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page

PART I     

Item 1.

   Business    1

Item 2.

   Properties    1

Item 3.

   Legal Proceedings    18

Item 4.

   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders    18
PART II     

Item 5.

   Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities    19

Item 6.

   Selected Financial Data    19

Item 7.

   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation    20

Item 7a.

   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk    36

Item 8.

   Financial Statements and Supplementary Data    38

Item 9.

   Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure    75

Item 9a.

   Controls and Procedures    75

Item 9b.

   Other Information    75
PART III     

Item 10.

   Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant    77

Item 11.

   Executive Compensation    77

Item 12.

   Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters    77

Item 13.

   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions    77

Item 14.

   Principal Accounting Fees and Services    77
PART IV     

Item 15.

   Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules    78

Signatures

   82


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Index to Financial Statements

UNIT CORPORATION

Annual Report

For The Year Ended December 31, 2004

 

PART I

 

Our executive offices are at 7130 South Lewis, Suite 1000, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136; our telephone number is (918) 493-7700. In addition to our executive offices, we have offices in Houston, Humble, Borger, Booker and Midland, Texas; Casper, Wyoming; Oklahoma City and Woodward, Oklahoma; and Denver, Colorado.

 

The following table provides certain information regarding us as of March 1, 2005:

 

•       Number of drilling rigs we own

   103    

•       Number of wells in which we own an interest

   5,910    

•       Number of natural gas gathering systems we own

   32    

•       States in which our principal operations are located

       Oklahoma, Texas,
    Wyoming, Louisiana
    and New Mexico

 

Our primary Internet address is www.unitcorp.com. We make our periodic SEC Reports (Forms 10-Q and Forms 10-K) and current reports (Form 8-K) available free of charge through our Web site as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed electronically with the SEC. In addition, we post on our Web site copies of the various corporate governance documents that we have adopted. We may from time to time provide important disclosures to investors by posting them in the investor relations section of our Web site, as allowed by SEC rules.

 

Materials we file with the SEC may be read and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet Web site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding our company that we file electronically with the SEC.

 

When used in this report, the terms Corporation, Company, Unit, us, our, we and its refer to Unit Corporation and, as appropriate, Unit Corporation and/or one or more of its subsidiaries.

 

Item 1.     Business and Item 2.     Properties

 

OUR BUSINESS

 

We were founded in 1963 as a contract drilling company. Today, through our three principal wholly owned subsidiaries, Unit Drilling Company, Unit Petroleum Company and Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C., we

 

    contract to drill onshore oil and natural gas wells for our own account and for others,

 

    explore, develop, acquire and produce oil and natural gas properties for our own account, and

 

    purchase, gather, process and treat natural gas for our own account and for third parties.

 

At various times, and from time to time, each of these three principal subsidiaries may conduct their operations through subsidiaries of their own.

 

OUR LAND CONTRACT DRILLING BUSINESS

 

General.     Our wholly owned subsidiary, Unit Drilling Company, drills onshore natural gas and oil wells for our own account as well as for a wide range of other oil and gas companies. Its operations are mainly located in the Oklahoma and Texas areas of the Anadarko and Arkoma Basins, the Texas Gulf Coast and in the East Texas and Rocky Mountain regions.

 

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The table below identifies certain information concerning our contract drilling operations:

 

     Year Ended December 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

    2001

    2000

 

Number of Rigs Owned at End of Period

     100.0       88.0       75.0       55.0       50.0  

Average Number of Rigs Owned During Period

     93.0       75.9       61.6       51.8       47.0  

Average Number of Rigs Utilized

     88.1       62.9       39.1       46.3       39.8  

Utilization Rate (1)

     95 %     83 %     63 %     90 %     85 %

Average Revenue Per Day (2)

   $ 9,247     $ 7,972     $ 8,285     $ 9,879     $ 7,432  

Total Footage Drilled (Feet in 1000’s)

     9,261       6,580       3,829       4,008       3,650  

Number of Wells Drilled

     832       530       318       361       316  

(1) Utilization rate is determined by dividing the number of drilling rigs used by the average number of rigs owned during period.

 

(2) Represents the total revenues from our contract drilling operations divided by the total number of days our drilling rigs were used during the period.

 

Description and location of our Drilling Rigs.     A land drilling rig consists, in part, of engines, drawworks or hoists, derrick or mast, substructure, pumps to circulate the drilling fluid, blowout preventers and drill pipe. Over the life of a typical drilling rig, due to the normal wear and tear of operating 24 hours a day, several of the major components, such as engines, mud pumps and drill pipe, must be replaced or rebuilt on a periodic basis. Other components, such as the substructure, mast and drawworks, can be used for extended periods of time with proper maintenance. We also own additional equipment used in the operation of our drilling rigs, including large air compressors, trucks and other support equipment.

 

Our drilling rigs have maximum depth capacities ranging from 5,000 to 40,000 feet.

 

The following table shows the distribution of our drilling rigs as of March 1, 2005:

 

Region


   Contracted
Rigs


   Idle
Rigs


   Total
Rigs


   Average
Rated
Drilling
Depths (ft)


Anadarko Basin Oklahoma

   63    —      63    17,000

Arkoma Basin

   7    —      7    13,000

East Texas and Gulf Coast

   13    —      13    18,000

Rocky Mountains

   20    —      20    16,000

 

At present, we do not have a shortage of drilling rig related equipment. However, at any given time, our ability to use all of our drilling rigs is dependent on a number of conditions, including the availability of qualified labor, drilling supplies and equipment as well as demand. As demand for our drilling rigs improved through 2004, it became increasingly difficult to find additional qualified labor to work on our drilling rigs. If demand for our drilling rigs remains at its current level or increases, we expect competition for qualified labor to continue which will result in higher operating costs.

 

Acquisitions.     On July 30, 2004, we completed our acquisition of Sauer Drilling Company, a Casper, Wyoming-based drilling company. We paid $40.3 million in this acquisition which included $5.3 million for working capital. This acquisition included nine drilling rigs, a fleet of trucks, and an equipment and repair yard with associated inventory located in Casper, Wyoming. The drilling rigs range from 500 horsepower to 1,000 horsepower with depth capacities rated from 5,000 feet to 16,000 feet. The fleet of trucks consists of four vacuum trucks, and 11 rig-up trucks which are used to move the drilling rigs to new locations. We also use the trucks to move other drilling contractors’ drilling rigs. This acquisition increased our share of the drilling rig market in the

 

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Rocky Mountains in the medium-to-smaller drilling rig depth ranges. The equipment yard will continue to provide service space for the nine newly acquired drilling rigs and trucks as well as for our other drilling rigs located in our Rocky Mountain Division.

 

On May 4, 2004, we acquired two drilling rigs and related equipment for $5.5 million. These drilling rigs are rated at 850 and 1,000 horsepower, respectively, with depth capacities from 12,000 to 15,000 feet. We refurbished the drilling rigs for approximately $4.0 million. One drilling rig was placed into service at the beginning of August 2004 and the other drilling rig was placed into service in the middle of September 2004. Both of these drilling rigs are working in our Rocky Mountain Division.

 

With these two acquisitions and the completion of construction of another 1,500 horsepower diesel electric drilling rig in June 2004, our total drilling rig fleet at December 31, 2004 was 100 drilling rigs.

 

On January 5, 2005, we acquired a subsidiary of Strata Drilling L.L.C. for $10.5 million. In this acquisition we acquired two drilling rigs as well as spare parts, inventory, drill pipe, and other major drilling rig components. These two drilling rigs are both 1,500 horsepower, diesel electric drilling rigs with the capacity to drill 12,000 to 20,000 feet. One drilling rig is currently operating and the other will require approximately $2.0 million in expenditures to complete. This latter drilling rig should be fully operational within 90 days. Both of these drilling rigs will ultimately be moved into our Rocky Mountain Division.

 

Also in January 2005, we completed the construction of a 1,500 horsepower diesel electric drilling rig which began operating in the Anadarko Basin. The addition of this drilling rig, when combined with the two we obtained in our acquisition from Strata Drilling L.L.C., brings our total drilling rig fleet to 103 drilling rigs as of March 1, 2005.

 

We plan to initiate construction of our 104th drilling rig in the first quarter of 2005. This drilling rig will be a 1,500 horsepower diesel electric drilling rig and is scheduled to be added to our Rocky Mountain Division.

 

Types of Drilling Contracts We Use.     Our drilling contracts are generally obtained through competitive bidding on a well by well basis. Contract terms and payment rates vary depending on the type of contract used, the duration of the work, the equipment and services supplied and other matters. We pay certain operating expenses, including the wages of our drilling personnel, maintenance expenses and incidental rig supplies and equipment. The contracts are usually subject to termination by the customer on short notice and on payment of a fee. Our contracts also contain provisions regarding indemnification against certain types of claims involving injury to persons, property and for acts of pollution. The specific terms of these indemnifications are subject to negotiation on a contract by contract basis.

 

The type of contract used determines our compensation. Contracts are generally one of three types: daywork; footage; or turnkey. Additional compensation may be acquired for special risks and unusual conditions. Under a daywork contract we provide the drilling rig with the required personnel and the operator supervises the drilling of the well. Our compensation is based on a negotiated rate to be paid for each day the drilling rig is used. Footage contracts usually require us to bear some of the drilling costs in addition to providing the drilling rig. We are paid on completion of the well at a negotiated rate for each foot drilled. Under turnkey contracts we drill the well to a specified depth for a set amount and provide most of the required equipment and services. We bear the risk of drilling the well to the contract depth and are paid when the contract provisions are completed.

 

Under turnkey contracts we may incur losses if we underestimate the costs to drill the well or if unforeseen events occur. To date, we have not experienced significant losses in performing turnkey contracts. In 2004, we did not drill any turnkey wells while in 2003 we drilled six turnkey wells, and turnkey revenue represented 1% of our 2003 contract drilling revenues. Because market conditions as well as the desires of our customers determine the use of turnkey contracts, we can’t predict whether the portion of drilling conducted on a turnkey basis will increase in the future.

 

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Customers.     During 2004, 10 customers accounted for approximately 44% of our contract drilling revenues. Chesapeake Operating, Inc. was our largest customer providing 11% of our total contract drilling revenues. Thirty-five of the wells we drilled in 2004 were operated by our exploration and production subsidiary. These latter wells also have working interests which are owned by limited partnerships for which we act as general partner. As required by the SEC, the profit received by our contract drilling subsidiary when we drill wells for our exploration and production subsidiary, which amounted to $3.7 million and $1.9 million during 2004 and 2003, respectively, was used to reduce the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties rather than being included in our operating profit.

 

Additional Information.     Further information relating to our contract drilling operations can be found in Notes 1, 2, 10 and 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this report.

 

OUR OIL AND NATURAL GAS BUSINESS

 

General.     In 1979 we began to develop our exploration and production operations to diversify our contract drilling revenues. Today, our wholly owned subsidiary, Unit Petroleum Company, conducts our exploration and production activities. Until it was merged into Unit Petroleum Company on March 3, 2005, we also conducted operations through our subsidiary PetroCorp Incorporated. Our producing oil and natural gas properties, undeveloped leaseholds and related assets are mainly in Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana and New Mexico and, to a lesser extent, in Arkansas, North Dakota, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Alabama, Kansas, Mississippi, Michigan and Canada.

 

The following table presents certain information regarding our oil and gas operations as of December 31, 2004:

 

               2004 Average
Daily Production


Property/Area


   Number of
Gross Wells


   Number of
Net Wells


   Mcf

   Bbls

Western Division (includes the Rocky Mountain Region, New Mexico, Western and Southern Texas and the Gulf Coast Region)

   2,761    367.45    26,650    1,811

East Division (consists principally of the Appalachian Region, Arkansas, East Texas and Eastern Oklahoma)

   651    148.07    19,332    54

Central Division (consist principally of Kansas, Western Oklahoma and Texas Panhandle Area)

   2,406    573.61    27,817    999

Canada

   67    2.03    380    —  
    
  
  
  

Total

   5,885    1,091.16    74,179    2,864
    
  
  
  

 

When we are the operator of a property, we generally use drilling rigs owned by our subsidiary Unit Drilling Company.

 

Acquisition.     On January 30, 2004, we acquired the outstanding common stock of PetroCorp Incorporated for $182.1 million in cash. PetroCorp explored and developed oil and natural gas properties primarily in Texas and Oklahoma. Approximately 84% of the oil and natural gas properties acquired in this acquisition are located in the Mid-Continent and Permian basins, while 6% are located in the Rocky Mountains and 10% are located in the Gulf Coast Basin. The acquired properties increased our oil and natural gas reserve base by approximately 56.7 billion equivalent cubic feet of natural gas and provide additional locations for our future development drilling.

 

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Well and Leasehold Data.     The tables below identify certain information regarding our oil and natural gas exploratory and development drilling operations:

 

     Year Ended December 31,

     2004

   2003

   2002

     Gross

   Net

   Gross

   Net

   Gross

   Net

Wells Drilled:

                             

Exploratory:

                             

Oil

   1    .05    —      —      —      —  

Natural gas

   5    1.42    3    1.84    2    0.50

Dry

   1    .31    1    1.00    5    2.00
    
  
  
  
  
  
     7    1.78    4    2.84    7    2.50
    
  
  
  
  
  

Development:

                             

Oil

   17    5.71    5    2.13    4    1.91

Natural gas

   121    48.60    120    46.22    68    33.25

Dry

   23    13.40    20    10.38    17    14.21
    
  
  
  
  
  
     161    67.71    145    58.73    89    49.37
    
  
  
  
  
  

Total

   168    69.49    149    61.57    96    51.87
    
  
  
  
  
  

Oil and Natural Gas Wells Producing or Capable of Producing:

                             

Oil—USA

   2,715    418.51    803    280.40    790    273.34

Oil—Canada

   1    .03    —      —      —      —  

Gas—USA

   3,103    670.62    2,525    547.99    2,449    524.45

Gas—Canada

   66    2.00    65    1.63    65    1.63
    
  
  
  
  
  

Total

   5,885    1,091.16    3,393    830.02    3,304    799.42
    
  
  
  
  
  

 

As of March 1, 2005, we have participated in the drilling of 25 gross (7.3 net) wells during 2005.

 

Cost incurred for development drilling includes $16.0 million, $20.4 million and $10.8 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, to develop booked proved undeveloped oil and natural gas reserves.

 

The following table summarizes our oil and natural gas leasehold acreage for each of the years indicated:

 

     Developed Acreage

   Undeveloped Acreage

     Gross

   Net

   Gross

   Net

2004 (1):

                   

USA

   746,153    218,062    251,138    121,973

Canada

   39,040    976    6,400    2,413
    
  
  
  

Total

   785,193    219,038    257,538    124,386
    
  
  
  

2003:

                   

USA

   600,872    173,674    159,663    90,862

Canada

   39,040    976    4,162    2,624
    
  
  
  

Total

   639,912    174,650    163,825    93,486
    
  
  
  

2002:

                   

USA

   585,313    166,397    142,764    79,911

Canada

   39,040    976    5,441    3,360
    
  
  
  

Total

   624,353    167,373    148,205    83,271
    
  
  
  

(1) Approximately 85% of the net undeveloped acres are covered by leases that will expire in each of the years 2005 – 2007 unless drilling or production otherwise extends the terms of the leases.

 

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The future estimated development costs necessary to develop our proved undeveloped oil and natural gas reserves in the United States for the years 2005, 2006 and 2007, as disclosed in our December 31, 2004 oil and natural gas reserve report are $42.5 million, $31.3 million and $7.9 million, respectively. No future development costs have been estimated for Canada.

 

Price and Production Data.     The following table identifies the average sales price, oil and natural gas production volumes and average production cost per equivalent Mcf [1 barrel (Bbl) of oil = 6 thousand cubic feet (Mcf) of natural gas] for our oil and natural gas production for the years indicated:

 

     Year Ended December 31,

     2004

    2003

    2002

Average Sales Price per Barrel of Oil Produced:

                      

USA price before hedging

   $ 36.63     $ 26.95     $ 21.54

Effect of hedging

     (3.43 )     (0.01 )     —  
    


 


 

USA price including hedging

   $ 33.20     $ 26.94     $ 21.54
    


 


 

Canada

   $ —       $ —       $ —  
    


 


 

Average Sales Price per Mcf of Natural Gas Produced:

                      

USA price before hedging

   $ 5.43     $ 4.87     $ 2.87

Effect of hedging

     —         —         —  
    


 


 

USA price including hedging

   $ 5.43     $ 4.87     $ 2.87
    


 


 

Canada price before hedging (U.S. Dollars)

   $ 4.91     $ 4.49     $ 2.11

Effect of hedging (U.S. Dollars)

     —         —         —  
    


 


 

Canada price including hedging (U.S. Dollars)

   $ 4.91     $ 4.49     $ 2.11
    


 


 

Oil Production (Mbbls):

                      

USA

     1,048       516       473

Canada

     —         —         —  
    


 


 

Total

     1,048       516       473
    


 


 

Natural Gas Production (MMcf):

                      

USA

     27,010       20,610       18,927

Canada

     139       38       41
    


 


 

Total

     27,149       20,648       18,968
    


 


 

Average Production Cost per Equivalent Mcf:

                      

USA

   $ 1.08     $ 0.90     $ 0.79

Canada

   $ 0.42     $ 0.56     $ 0.60

 

Oil and Natural Gas Reserves.     The following table identifies our estimated proved developed and undeveloped oil and natural gas reserves for each of the years indicated:

 

     Year Ended December 31,

     2004

   2003

   2002

Oil (Mbbls):

              

USA

   8,561    5,141    4,096

Canada

   —      —      —  
    
  
  

Total

   8,561    5,141    4,096
    
  
  

Natural gas (MMcf):

              

USA

   295,146    253,542    244,494

Canada

   260    650    317
    
  
  

Total

   295,406    254,192    244,811
    
  
  

 

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Our oil production is sold at or near our wells under purchase contracts at prevailing prices in accordance with arrangements customary in the oil industry. Our natural gas production is sold to intrastate and interstate pipelines as well as to independent marketing firms under contracts with terms generally ranging from one month to a year. Most of these contracts contain provisions for readjustment of price, termination and other terms customary in the industry.

 

Additional Information.     Further information relating to our oil and natural gas operations can be found in Notes 1, 2, 10 and Supplemental Information of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this report.

 

OUR NATURAL GAS GATHERING AND PROCESSING BUSINESS

 

General.     In July 2004, we consolidated and increased our natural gas gathering and processing business when we acquired the 60% of Superior Pipeline Company L.L.C. that we did not already own. We paid $19.8 million in this acquisition. Before July 2004, we owned 18 gathering systems which we have now consolidated with Superior’s systems. Superior is a mid-stream company engaged primarily in the purchasing, gathering, processing and treating of natural gas and operates one natural gas treatment plant, owns three processing plants, 32 active gathering systems and 440 miles of pipeline. Superior operates in Oklahoma, Texas and Louisiana. It has been in business since 1996. This acquisition and consolidation will increase our ability to gather and market our natural gas (as well as third party natural gas) and construct or acquire existing natural gas gathering and processing facilities. Before this acquisition, our 40% interest in the income or loss from operations of Superior was shown as equity in earnings of unconsolidated investments.

 

The following table presents certain information regarding our natural gas gathering and processing operations:

 

     Year Ended December 31,

     2004

   2003

   2002

Gas Gathered—MMBtu/day

   33,147    16,413    9,474

Gas Processed—MMBtu/day

   13,412    92    94

 

Additional Information.     Further information relating to our natural gas gathering and processing operations can be found in Notes 1, 2 and 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this report.

 

VOLATILE NATURE OF OUR BUSINESS

 

The prevailing prices for natural gas and oil significantly affect our revenues, operating results, cash flow and future rate of growth. Because natural gas makes up the biggest part of our oil and natural gas reserves, as well as the focus of most of the contract drilling work we do for others, changes in natural gas prices have a larger impact on us than changes in oil prices. Historically, oil and natural gas prices have been volatile, and we expect them to continue to be so. The following table shows the highest and lowest average monthly natural gas and oil price we received, by quarter, for each of the periods indicated:

 

     Average Monthly
Natural Gas
Price per Mcf


   Average Monthly
Oil Price per Bbl


QUARTER


   High

   Low

   High

   Low

2004:

                           

First

   $ 5.48    $ 4.52    $ 31.51    $ 28.19

Second

   $ 6.15    $ 5.24    $ 31.84    $ 30.34

Third

   $ 5.88    $ 4.42    $ 37.50    $ 31.14

Fourth

   $ 6.65    $ 5.20    $ 38.69    $ 32.44

2003:

                           

First

   $ 8.38    $ 4.18    $ 32.72    $ 27.74

Second

   $ 5.59    $ 4.22    $ 27.10    $ 24.56

Third

   $ 4.63    $ 4.36    $ 27.41    $ 23.62

Fourth

   $ 5.06    $ 4.06    $ 27.48    $ 26.31

 

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     Average Monthly
Natural Gas
Price per Mcf


   Average Monthly
Oil Price per Bbl


QUARTER


   High

   Low

   High

   Low

2002:

                           

First

   $ 2.11    $ 1.87    $ 19.60    $ 15.58

Second

   $ 3.03    $ 2.98    $ 23.44    $ 22.07

Third

   $ 2.97    $ 2.47    $ 23.57    $ 23.01

Fourth

   $ 3.95    $ 3.35    $ 25.59    $ 21.90

 

Prices for oil and natural gas are subject to wide fluctuations in response to relatively minor changes in the supply of and demand for oil and natural gas, market uncertainty and a variety of additional factors that are beyond our control. These factors include:

 

    political conditions in oil producing regions, including the Middle East and Venezuela;

 

    the ability of the members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries to agree to and maintain oil price and production controls;

 

    demand for oil and natural gas from other developing nations including China and India;

 

    the price of foreign imports;

 

    actions of governmental authorities;

 

    the domestic and foreign supply of oil and natural gas;

 

    the level of consumer demand;

 

    United States storage levels of natural gas;

 

    the ability to transport to key markets;

 

    weather conditions;

 

    domestic and foreign government regulations;

 

    the price, availability and acceptance of alternative fuels; and

 

    overall economic conditions.

 

These factors and the volatile nature of the energy markets make it impossible to predict the future prices of oil and natural gas.

 

Our contract drilling operations are dependent on the level of demand in our operating markets. Both short-term and long-term trends in oil and natural gas prices affect demand. Because oil and natural gas prices are volatile, the level of demand for our services can also be volatile. We started to experience less demand for our drilling rigs starting in October, 2001 as natural gas prices began to fall in early 2001. The rates received for our drilling rigs also began to fall until they reached a low of $7,275 per day in February of 2003. As natural gas and oil prices once again began to rise during the second quarter of 2003 and have remained at higher levels throughout 2004, both demand for our drilling rigs and dayrates have steadily increased. In December 2004, the average dayrate of the 100 drilling rigs that we owned was $9,786 per day. Since short-term and long-term trends in oil and natural gas prices affect the demand for our drilling rigs, future demand and dayrates received for our drilling services is uncertain.

 

Our natural gas gathering and processing operations provide us greater flexibility in delivering our (and other parties) natural gas from the wellhead to major natural gas pipelines. Margins received for the delivery of this natural gas is dependent on the price for natural gas and the demand for natural gas in our area of operations. If the price of natural gas liquids falls without a corresponding decrease in the cost of natural gas, it may become uneconomical to extract certain natural gas liquids. The volumes of natural gas processed is highly dependent on the volume and Btu content of the natural gas gathered.

 

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Index to Financial Statements

COMPETITION

 

All of our businesses are highly competitive and price sensitive. Competition in onshore contract drilling traditionally involves factors as price, efficiency, condition of equipment, availability of labor and equipment, reputation and customer relations. Some of our onshore contract drilling competitors are substantially larger than we are and have greater financial and other resources than we do.

 

Our oil and natural gas operations likewise encounter strong competition from other oil companies. Many of these competitors have greater financial, technical and other resources than we do and have more experience than we do in the exploration for and production of oil and natural gas.

 

Our natural gas gathering and processing operations compete with purchasers and gatherers of all types and sizes, including those affiliated with various producers, other major pipeline companies, as well as independent gatherers for the right to purchase natural gas, build gathering systems in production fields and deliver the natural gas once the gathering systems are established. The principal elements of competition include the rates, terms of services, reputation and the flexibility and reliability of service.

 

OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROGRAMS AND CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

Unit Petroleum Company serves as the general partner of 11 oil and gas limited partnerships. Four of these partnerships were formed for investment by third parties and seven (the employee partnerships) were formed to allow our employees and directors to participate with Unit Petroleum Company in its operations. The partnerships formed for use in connection with third party investments were formed in 1984, 1985 and 1986. One employee partnership has been formed each year beginning with 1984.

 

The employee partnerships formed in 1984 through 1990 were consolidated into a single consolidating partnership in 1993 and the employee partnerships formed in 1991 through 1999 were also consolidated into the consolidating partnership in 2002. The consolidation of the 1991 through the 1999 employee partnerships was done by the general partner under the terms of the respective partnership agreements and did not involve any vote, consent or approval by the limited partners. The employee partnerships each have a set annual percentage (ranging from 1% to 15%) of our interest in most of the oil and natural gas wells we drill or acquire for our own account during the year in which the partnership was formed. The total interest the participants have in our oil and natural gas wells by participating in these partnerships does not exceed one percent.

 

Under the terms of our partnership agreements, the general partner has broad discretionary authority to manage the business and operations of the partnership, including the authority to make decisions regarding the partnership’s participation in a drilling location or a property acquisition, the partnership’s expenditure of funds and the distribution of funds to partners. Because the business activities of the limited partners and the general partner are not the same, conflicts of interest will exist and it is not possible to entirely eliminate these conflicts. Additionally, conflicts of interest may arise when we are the operator of an oil and natural gas well and also provide contract drilling services. In these cases, the drilling operations are conducted under drilling contracts containing terms and conditions comparable to those contained in our drilling contracts with non-affiliated operators. We believe we fulfill our responsibility to each contracting party and comply fully with the terms of the agreements which regulate these conflicts.

 

These partnerships are further described in Notes 1 and 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this report.

 

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Index to Financial Statements

EMPLOYEES

 

As of March 1, 2005, we had approximately 2,339 employees in our land contract drilling operations, 113 employees in our oil and natural gas operations, 21 employees in our gas gathering and processing operations and 42 in our general corporate area. None of our employees are members of a union or labor organization nor have our operations ever been interrupted by a strike or work stoppage. We consider relations with our employees to be satisfactory.

 

OPERATING AND OTHER RISKS

 

Our contract drilling operations are subject to the many hazards inherent in the drilling industry. These include injury or death to personnel, well blowouts, cratering, explosions, fires, loss of well control, loss of hole, damaged or lost drilling equipment and damage or loss from inclement weather. Our exploration and production operations and gas gathering and processing operations are also subject to many of these similar risks. Any of these events could result in personal injury or death, damage to or destruction of equipment and facilities, suspension of operations, environmental damage and damage to the property of others.

 

Generally, our drilling contracts provide for the division of responsibilities between us and our customers, and we seek to obtain indemnification from our drilling customers for some of these risks. When we use our own drilling rigs to drill oil and natural gas wells for our own account, the contractual indemnification provisions would not act to shift responsibility or liability to a third party. To the extent that we are unable to transfer these risks to our drilling customers, we seek protection through insurance. However, our insurance or our indemnification agreements, if any, may not adequately protect us against liability from the consequences of the hazards described above. In addition, even if we have insurance coverage, we may still have a degree of exposure based on the amount of our deductible or retention. The occurrence of an event not fully insured or indemnified against, or the failure of a customer to meet its indemnification obligations, could result in substantial losses to us. In addition, we may not be able to obtain insurance to cover any or all of these risks. Even if available, the insurance might not be adequate to cover all of our losses, or we might decide against obtaining that insurance because of high premiums or other costs.

 

Exploration and development operations involve numerous risks that can and do result in dry holes, the failure to be able to produce oil and natural gas in commercial quantities and the inability to fully produce discovered oil or natural gas reserves. The cost of drilling, completing and operating wells is substantial and uncertain. Our operations may also be curtailed, delayed or cancelled as a result of many things beyond our control, including:

 

    unexpected drilling conditions;

 

    pressure or irregularities in formations;

 

    equipment failures or accidents;

 

    adverse weather conditions;

 

    compliance with governmental requirements; and

 

    shortages or delays in the availability of drilling rigs or drilling crews and the delivery of equipment.

 

A majority of the wells in which we own an interest are operated by other parties. As a result, we have little control over the operations of those wells and this lack of control can act to increase our risk. Operators of these wells may act in ways that are not in our best interests.

 

Our future performance depends on our ability to find or acquire additional oil and natural gas reserves that are economically recoverable. In general, production from oil and natural gas properties declines as oil and natural gas reserves deplete, with the rate of decline depending on the reservoir characteristics of each producing

 

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well. Unless we successfully replace the oil and natural gas reserves that we produce, our oil and natural gas reserves will decline, resulting eventually in a decrease in our oil and natural gas production, revenues and cash flow from operations. Historically, we have succeeded in increasing oil and natural gas reserves after taking production into account. However, we may not be able to continue to replace our oil and natural gas reserves in a manner consistent with our past history. Low prices of oil and natural gas also limit the kinds of oil and natural gas reserves that we can economically develop. Lower prices also decrease our cash flow and may cause us to decrease capital expenditures.

 

Our natural gas gathering and processing operations involve numerous risks that may result in the failure to recover our cost in the natural gas gathering and processing facilities. The cost of developing the gathering systems and processing plants is substantial and uncertain. Our operations may be curtailed, delayed or cancelled as a result of many things beyond our control, including:

 

    unexpected changes in the deliverability of natural gas reserves from the wells connected to the gathering systems;

 

    availability of connecting pipelines in the area;

 

    equipment failures or accidents;

 

    adverse weather conditions;

 

    compliance with governmental requirements;

 

    delays in the development of other producing properties within the gathering system’s area of operation; and

 

    demand for natural gas and its constituents.

 

Many of the wells from which we gather and process natural gas are operated by other parties. As a result, we have little control over the operations of those wells which can act to increase our risk. Operators of those wells may act in ways that are not in our best interests.

 

GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS

 

Various state and federal regulations affect the production and sale of oil and natural gas. All states in which we conduct activities impose restrictions on the drilling, production, transportation and sale of oil and natural gas.

 

Under the Natural Gas Act of 1938, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (the “FERC”) regulates the interstate transportation and the sale in interstate commerce for resale of natural gas. The FERC’s jurisdiction over interstate natural gas sales has been substantially modified by the Natural Gas Policy Act under which the FERC continued to regulate the maximum selling prices of certain categories of gas sold in “first sales” in interstate and intrastate commerce. Effective January 1, 1993, however, the Natural Gas Wellhead Decontrol Act (the “Decontrol Act”) deregulated natural gas prices for all “first sales” of natural gas. Because “first sales” include typical wellhead sales by producers, all natural gas produced from our natural gas properties is sold at market prices, subject to the terms of any private contracts which may be in effect. The FERC’s jurisdiction over natural gas transportation is not affected by the Decontrol Act.

 

Our sales of natural gas will be affected by intrastate and interstate gas transportation regulation. Beginning in 1985, the FERC adopted regulatory changes that have significantly altered the transportation and marketing of natural gas. These changes are intended by the FERC to foster competition by, among other things, transforming the role of interstate pipeline companies from wholesale marketers of natural gas to the primary role of gas transporters. All natural gas marketing by the pipelines is required to divest to a marketing affiliate, which

 

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operates separately from the transporter and in direct competition with all other merchants. As a result of the various omnibus rulemaking proceedings in the late 1980s and the individual pipeline restructuring proceedings of the early to mid-1990s, the interstate pipelines must provide open and nondiscriminatory transportation and transportation-related services to all producers, natural gas marketing companies, local distribution companies, industrial end users and other customers seeking service. Through similar orders affecting intrastate pipelines that provide similar interstate services, the FERC expanded the impact of open access regulations to intrastate commerce.

 

More recently, the FERC has pursued other policy initiatives that have affected natural gas marketing. Most notable are (1) the large-scale divestiture of interstate pipeline-owned gas gathering facilities to affiliated or non-affiliated companies; (2) further development of rules governing the relationship of the pipelines with their marketing affiliates; (3) the publication of standards relating to the use of electronic bulletin boards and electronic data exchange by the pipelines to make available transportation information on a timely basis and to enable transactions to occur on a purely electronic basis; (4) further review of the role of the secondary market for released pipeline capacity and its relationship to open access service in the primary market; and (5) development of policy and promulgation of orders pertaining to its authorization of market-based rates (rather than traditional cost-of- service based rates) for transportation or transportation-related services upon the pipeline’s demonstration of lack of market control in the relevant service market. We do not know what effect the FERC’s other activities will have on the access to markets, the fostering of competition and the cost of doing business.

 

As a result of these changes, sellers and buyers of natural gas have gained direct access to the particular pipeline services they need and are better able to conduct business with a larger number of counter parties. We believe these changes generally have improved the access to markets for natural gas while, at the same time, substantially increasing competition in the natural gas marketplace. We cannot predict what new or different regulations the FERC and other regulatory agencies may adopt or what effect subsequent regulations may have on production and marketing of natural gas from our properties.

 

In the past, Congress has been very active in the area of natural gas regulation. However, as discussed above, the more recent trend has been in favor of deregulation and the promotion of competition in the natural gas industry. Thus, in addition to “first sales” deregulation, Congress also repealed incremental pricing requirements and natural gas use restraints previously applicable. There are other legislative proposals pending in the Federal and State legislatures which, if enacted, would significantly affect the petroleum industry. At the present time, it is impossible to predict what proposals, if any, might actually be enacted by Congress or the various state legislatures and what effect, if any, these proposals might have on the production and marketing of natural gas by us. Similarly, and despite the trend toward federal deregulation of the natural gas industry, whether or to what extent that trend will continue or what the ultimate effect will be on the production and marketing of natural gas by us cannot be predicted.

 

Our sales of oil and natural gas liquids are not regulated and are at market prices. The price received from the sale of these products will be affected by the cost of transporting the products to market. Much of that transportation is through interstate common carrier pipelines. Effective as of January 1, 1995, the FERC implemented regulations generally grandfathering all previously approved interstate transportation rates and establishing an indexing system for those rates by which adjustments are made annually based on the rate of inflation, subject to certain conditions and limitations. These regulations may tend to increase the cost of transporting oil and natural gas liquids by interstate pipeline, although the annual adjustments may result in decreased rates in a given year. These regulations have generally been approved on judicial review. Every five years, the FERC will examine the relationship between the annual change in the applicable index and the actual cost changes experienced by the oil pipeline industry. We are not able to predict with certainty what effect, if any, these relatively new federal regulations or the periodic review of the index by the FERC will have on us.

 

Federal, state, and local agencies have promulgated extensive rules and regulations applicable to our oil and natural gas exploration, production and related operations. Oklahoma, Texas and other states require permits for

 

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drilling operations, drilling bonds and the filing of reports concerning operations and impose other requirements relating to the exploration of oil and natural gas. Many states also have statutes or regulations addressing conservation matters including provisions for the unitization or pooling of oil and natural gas properties, the establishment of maximum rates of production from oil and natural gas wells and the regulation of spacing, plugging and abandonment of such wells. The statutes and regulations of some states limit the rate at which oil and natural gas is produced from our properties. The federal and state regulatory burden on the oil and natural gas industry increases our cost of doing business and affects our profitability. Because these rules and regulations are amended or reinterpreted frequently, we are unable to predict the future cost or impact of complying with those laws.

 

SAFE HARBOR STATEMENT

 

This report, including information included in, or incorporated by reference from, future filings by us with the SEC, as well as information contained in written material, press releases and oral statements issued by or on our behalf, contain, or may contain, certain statements that are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of federal securities laws. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included or incorporated by reference in this report, which address activities, events or developments which we expect or anticipate will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. The words “believes,” “intends,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “estimates,” “predicts” and similar expressions are used to identify forward-looking statements.

 

These forward-looking statements include, among others, such things as:

 

    the amount and nature of our future capital expenditures;

 

    wells to be drilled or reworked;

 

    prices for oil and natural gas;

 

    demand for oil and natural gas;

 

    exploitation and exploration prospects;

 

    estimates of proved oil and natural gas reserves;

 

    oil and natural gas reserve potential;

 

    development and infill drilling potential;

 

    drilling prospects;

 

    expansion and other development trends of the oil and natural gas industry;

 

    business strategy;

 

    production of oil and natural gas reserves;

 

    growth potential for our gathering and processing operations;

 

    gathering systems and processing plants to be constructed or acquired;

 

    volumes and prices for natural gas gathered and processed;

 

    expansion and growth of our business and operations; and

 

    demand for our drilling rigs and drilling rig rates.

 

These statements are based on certain assumptions and analyses made by us in light of our experience and our perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments as well as other factors we believe are appropriate in the circumstances. However, whether actual results and developments will conform

 

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Index to Financial Statements

to our expectations and predictions is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations, including:

 

    the risk factors discussed in this report and in the documents we incorporate by reference;

 

    general economic, market or business conditions;

 

    the nature or lack of business opportunities that we pursue;

 

    demand for our land drilling services;

 

    changes in laws or regulations; and

 

    other factors, most of which are beyond our control.

 

You should not place undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements. We disclaim any current intention to update forward-looking information and to release publicly the results of any future revisions we may make to forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

 

In order to provide a more thorough understanding of the possible effects of some of these influences on any forward-looking statements made by us, the following discussion outlines certain factors that in the future could cause our consolidated results for 2005 and beyond to differ materially from those that may be presented in any such forward-looking statement made by or on behalf of us.

 

Commodity Prices.     The prices we receive for our oil and natural gas production have a direct impact on our revenues, profitability and our cash flow as well as our ability to meet our projected financial and operational goals. The prices for natural gas and crude oil are heavily dependent on a number of factors beyond our control, including:

 

    the demand for oil and/or natural gas;

 

    current weather conditions in the continental United States (which can greatly influence the demand for natural gas at any given time as well as the price we receive for such natural gas);

 

    the amount and timing of liquid natural gas imports; and

 

    the ability of current distribution systems in the United States to effectively meet the demand for oil and/or natural gas at any given time, particularly in times of peak demand which may result because of adverse weather conditions.

 

Oil prices are extremely sensitive to foreign influences based on political, social or economic underpinnings, any one of which could have an immediate and significant effect on the price and supply of oil . In addition, prices of both natural gas and oil are becoming more and more influenced by trading on the commodities markets which, at times, has tended to increase the volatility associated with these prices resulting, at times, in large differences in such prices even on a week-to-week and month-to-month basis. All of these factors, especially when coupled with the fact that much of our product prices are determined on a daily basis, can, and at times do, lead to wide fluctuations in the prices we receive.

 

Based on our 2004 production, a $.10 per Mcf change in what we receive for our natural gas production would result in a corresponding $211,800 per month ($2,541,600 annualized) change in our pre-tax operating cash flow. A $1.00 per barrel change in our oil price would have a $81,300 per month ($975,600 annualized) change in our pre-tax operating cash flow. During 2004, substantially all of our natural gas and crude oil volumes were sold at market responsive prices.

 

In order to reduce our exposure to short-term fluctuations in the price of oil and natural gas, we sometimes enter into hedging or swap arrangements. Our hedging or swap arrangements apply to only a portion of our

 

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Index to Financial Statements

production and provide only partial price protection against declines in oil and natural gas prices. These hedging or swap arrangements may expose us to risk of financial loss and limit the benefit to us of future increases in prices. A more thorough discussion of our hedging or swap arrangements is contained in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation section of this report contained in Item 7.

 

Drilling Customer Demand.     With the exception of the drilling we do for our own account, the demand for our drilling services depends entirely on the needs of third parties. Based on past history, these parties’ requirements are subject to a number of factors, independent of any subjective factors, that directly impact the demand for our drilling rigs. These factors include the availability of funds to carry out their drilling operations. For many of these parties, even if they have the funds available, their decision to spend those funds is often impacted by the then current prices for oil and natural gas. Many of our customers are small to mid-size oil and natural gas companies whose drilling budgets tend to be susceptible to the influences of current price fluctuations. Other factors that affect our ability to work our drilling rigs are: the weather which, under adverse circumstances, can delay or even cause the abandonment of a project by an operator; the competition faced by us in securing the award of a drilling contract in a given area; our experience and recognition in a new market area; and the availability of labor to run our drilling rigs.

 

Uncertainty of Oil and Natural Gas Reserves.     There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of proved reserves and their values, including many factors beyond our control. The oil and natural gas reserve data included in this report represents only an estimate of these reserves. Oil and natural gas reservoir engineering is a subjective and inexact process of estimating underground accumulations of oil and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact manner. Estimates of economically recoverable oil and natural gas reserves depend on a number of variable factors, including historical production from the area compared with production from other producing areas, and assumptions concerning:

 

    the effects of regulations by governmental agencies;

 

    future oil and natural gas prices;

 

    future operating costs;

 

    severance and excise taxes;

 

    development costs; and

 

    workover and remedial costs.

 

Some or all of these assumptions may vary considerably from actual results. For these reasons, estimates of the economically recoverable quantities of oil and natural gas attributable to any particular group of properties, classifications of those oil and natural gas reserves based on risk of recovery, and estimates of the future net cash flows from oil and natural gas reserves prepared by different engineers or by the same engineers but at different times may vary substantially. Accordingly, oil and natural gas reserve estimates may be subject to periodic downward or upward adjustments. Actual production, revenues and expenditures with respect to our oil and natural gas reserves will likely vary from estimates, and those variances may be material.

 

The information regarding discounted future net cash flows included in this report is not necessarily the current market value of the estimated oil and natural gas reserves attributable to our properties. As required by the SEC, the estimated discounted future net cash flows from proved oil and natural gas reserves are determined based on prices and costs as of the date of the estimate. Actual future prices and costs may be materially higher or lower. Actual future net cash flows are also affected, in part, by the following factors:

 

    the amount and timing of oil and natural gas production;

 

    supply and demand for oil and natural gas;

 

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    increases or decreases in consumption; and

 

    changes in governmental regulations or taxation.

 

In addition, the 10% discount factor, required by the SEC for use in calculating discounted future net cash flows for reporting purposes, is not necessarily the most appropriate discount factor based on interest rates in effect from time to time and the risks associated with our operations or the oil and natural gas industry in general.

 

We periodically review the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties under the full cost accounting rules of the SEC. Under these rules, capitalized costs of proved oil and natural gas properties may not exceed the present value of estimated future net revenues from proved reserves, discounted at 10%. Application of this “ceiling test” generally requires pricing future revenue at the unescalated prices in effect as of the end of each fiscal quarter and requires a write-down for accounting purposes if we exceed the ceiling, even if prices are depressed for only a short period of time. We may be required to write down the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties when oil and natural gas prices are depressed or unusually volatile. If a write-down is required, it would result in a charge to earnings but would not impact our cash flow from operating activities. Once incurred, a write-down of oil and natural gas properties is not reversible.

 

We are continually identifying and evaluating opportunities to acquire oil and natural gas properties, including acquisitions that would be significantly larger than those we have consummated to date. We cannot assure you that we will successfully consummate any acquisition, that we will be able to acquire producing oil and natural gas properties that contain economically recoverable reserves or that any acquisition will be profitably integrated into our operations.

 

Debt and Bank Borrowing.     We have incurred and currently expect to continue to incur substantial working capital expenditures because of the growth in our contract drilling operations, our ongoing exploration and development programs and our expanding natural gas purchasing, gathering and processing operations. Historically, we have funded our working capital needs through a combination of internally generated cash flow, equity financing and borrowings under our bank credit agreement. We currently have, and will continue to have, a certain amount of indebtedness. At December 31, 2004, our outstanding long-term debt was $95.5 million.

 

Our level of debt, the cash flow needed to satisfy our debt and the covenants contained in our bank credit agreement could:

 

    limit funds otherwise available for financing our capital expenditures, our drilling program or other activities or cause us to curtail these activities;

 

    limit our flexibility in planning for or reacting to changes in our business;

 

    place us at a competitive disadvantage to those of our competitors that are less indebted than we are;

 

    make us more vulnerable during periods of low oil and natural gas prices or in the event of a downturn in our business; and

 

    prevent us from obtaining additional financing on acceptable terms or limit amounts available under our existing or any future credit facilities.

 

Our ability to meet our debt obligations depends on our future performance. If the requirements of our indebtedness are not satisfied, a default could be deemed to occur and our lenders would be entitled to accelerate the payment of the outstanding indebtedness. If that were to occur, we would not have sufficient funds available and probably would not be able to obtain the financing required to meet our obligations.

 

The amount of our existing debt, as well as our future debt, is, to a large extent, a function of the costs associated with the projects we undertake at any given time and the cash flow we receive. Generally, our normal operating costs are those incurred as a result of the drilling of oil and natural gas wells, the acquisition of

 

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producing properties, the costs associated with the maintenance or expansion of our drilling rig fleet, and the operations of our natural gas purchasing, gathering and processing systems. To some extent, these costs, particularly the first two items, are discretionary and we maintain a degree of control regarding the timing or the need to incur the same. However, in some cases, unforeseen circumstances may arise, such as in the case of an unanticipated opportunity to acquire a large producing property package or the need to replace a costly rig component due to an unexpected loss, which could force us to incur increased debt above that which we had expected or forecasted. Likewise, if our cash flow should prove to be insufficient to cover our current cash requirements we would need to increase our debt either through bank borrowings or otherwise.

 

Executive Officers.     The table below and accompanying text sets forth certain information concerning each of our executive officers as of March 1, 2005.

 

NAME


   AGE

  

POSITION HELD


John G. Nikkel (1)

   70    Chairman of the Board since August 1, 2003 Director since 1983
Chief Executive Officer since July 1, 2001
President and Chief Operating Officer from 1983 to August 1, 2003

Larry D. Pinkston (1)

   50    Director since January 15, 2004
President since August 1, 2003 Chief Operating Officer since February 24, 2004
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from May 1989 to February 24, 2004

Mark E. Schell

   47    Senior Vice President since December 2002
General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since January 1987

David T. Merrill

   44    Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since February 24, 2004
Vice President of Finance from August 2003 to February 24, 2004

(1) Mr. Nikkel has announced his intention to retire as our Chief Executive Officer effective April 1, 2005. Effective with Mr. Nikkel’s retirement, the Board of Directors has elected Mr. Pinkston to succeed Mr. Nikkel as our Chief Executive Officer.

 

Mr. Nikkel joined Unit as its President, Chief Operating Officer and a director in 1983. He was elected its Chief Executive Officer in July, 2001 and Chairman of the Board in August, 2003. He currently holds the position of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. From 1976 until January, 1982 when he co-founded Nike Exploration Company, Mr. Nikkel was an officer and director of Cotton Petroleum Corporation, serving as the President of Cotton from 1979 until his departure. Prior to joining Cotton, Mr. Nikkel was employed by Amoco Production Company for 18 years, last serving as Division Geologist for Amoco’s Denver Division. Mr. Nikkel presently serves as President and a director of Nike Exploration Company. From August 16, 2000 until August 23, 2002 Mr. Nikkel, in connection with Unit’s investment in the company, also served as a director of Shenandoah Resources Ltd., a Canadian company. Shenandoah Resources Ltd. filed for creditors’ protection under The Companies’ Creditor Arrangement Act in April 2002 with the Court of Queen’s Bench of Alberta, Judicial District of Calgary. Mr. Nikkel received a Bachelor of Science degree in Geology and Mathematics from Texas Christian University.

 

Mr. Pinkston joined Unit in December, 1981. He had served as Corporate Budget Director and Assistant Controller prior to being appointed Controller in February, 1985. In December, 1986 he was elected Treasurer of the company and was elected to the position of Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in May, 1989. In August, 2003, he was elected to the position of President of the company. He was elected a director of the company by the Board in January, 2004. In February, 2004, in addition to his position as President, he was elected to the office of Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Pinkston holds the offices of President and Chief Operating

 

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Officer. He holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Accounting from East Central University of Oklahoma and is a Certified Public Accountant.

 

Mr. Schell joined Unit in January 1987, as its Secretary and General Counsel. In December 2002, he was elected to the additional position as Senior Vice President. From 1979 until joining Unit, Mr. Schell was Counsel, Vice President and a member of the Board of Directors of C&S Exploration, Inc. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Political Science from Arizona State University and his Juris Doctorate degree from the University of Tulsa Law School. He is a member of the Oklahoma and American Bar Association as well as being a member of the American Corporate Counsel Association and the American Society of Corporate Secretaries.

 

Mr. Merrill joined Unit in August 2003 and served as its Vice President of Finance until February 2004 when he was elected to the position of Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. From May 1999 through August 2003, Mr. Merrill served as Senior Vice President, Finance with TV Guide Networks, Inc. From July 1996 through May 1999 he was a Senior Manager with Deloitte & Touche LLP. From July 1994 through July 1996 he was Director of Financial Reporting and Special Projects for MAPCO, Inc. He began his career as an auditor with Deloitte, Haskins & Sells in 1983. Mr. Merrill received a Bachelor of Business Administration Degree in Accounting from the University of Oklahoma and is a Certified Public Accountant.

 

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

 

We are a party to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business, none of which, in our opinion, will result in judgments which would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, operating results or cash flows.

 

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

 

No matters were submitted to our security holders during the fourth quarter of 2004.

 

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PART II

 

Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “UNT.” The following table identifies the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock for the periods indicated:

 

     2004

   2003

QUARTER


   High

   Low

   High

   Low

First

   $ 27.85    $ 23.10    $ 21.99    $ 16.30

Second

   $ 31.45    $ 25.87    $ 23.39    $ 19.14

Third

   $ 35.19    $ 29.55    $ 22.60    $ 18.68

Fourth

   $ 40.63    $ 33.88    $ 24.51    $ 18.40

 

On March 1, 2005 there were 1,606 record holders of our common stock.

 

We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and currently intend to continue our policy of retaining earnings from our operations. Our credit agreement prohibits us from declaring and paying dividends (other than stock dividends) in any fiscal year in an amount greater than 25% of our preceding year’s consolidated net income.

 

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

 

     As of and for the Year Ended December 31,

     2004

   2003

   2002

   2001

   2000

     (In thousands except per share amounts)

Revenues

   $ 519,203    $ 301,377    $ 187,392    $ 258,397    $ 201,387
    

  

  

  

  

Income Before Cumulative Effect of Change In Accounting Principle

   $ 90,275    $ 48,864    $ 18,244    $ 62,766    $ 34,344
    

  

  

  

  

Net Income

   $ 90,275    $ 50,189    $ 18,244    $ 62,766    $ 34,344
    

  

  

  

  

Income Before Cumulative Effect of Change In Accounting Principle per Common Share:

                                  

Basic

   $ 1.97    $ 1.12    $ 0.47    $ 1.75    $ 0.96
    

  

  

  

  

Diluted

   $ 1.97    $ 1.12    $ 0.47    $ 1.73    $ 0.95
    

  

  

  

  

Net Income per Common Share:

                                  

Basic

   $ 1.97    $ 1.15    $ 0.47    $ 1.75    $ 0.96
    

  

  

  

  

Diluted

   $ 1.97    $ 1.15    $ 0.47    $ 1.73    $ 0.95
    

  

  

  

  

Total Assets

   $ 1,023,136    $ 712,925    $ 578,163    $ 417,253    $ 346,288
    

  

  

  

  

Long-Term Debt

   $ 95,500    $ 400    $ 30,500    $ 31,000    $ 54,000
    

  

  

  

  

Other Long-Term Liabilities

   $ 37,725    $ 17,893    $ 5,439    $ 4,110    $ 3,597
    

  

  

  

  

Cash Dividends per Common Share

   $ —      $ —      $ —      $ —      $ —  
    

  

  

  

  

 

See Item 7. Management’s Discussion of Financial Condition and Results of Operation for a review of 2004, 2003 and 2002 activity.

 

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation

 

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY

 

Summary .     Our financial condition and liquidity depends on the cash flow from our three principal business segments (and our subsidiaries that carry out those operations) and borrowings under our bank credit agreement. Our cash flow is influenced mainly by:

 

    the prices we receive for our natural gas production and, to a lesser extent, the prices we receive for our oil production;

 

    the quantity of natural gas we produce;

 

    the demand for and the dayrates we receive for our drilling rigs; and

 

    the margins we obtain from our natural gas gathering and processing contracts.

 

At December 31, 2004, we had cash totaling $665,000 and we had borrowed $95.5 million of the $150.0 million we had elected to have available under our credit agreement.

 

Our three principal business segments are:

 

    contract drilling carried out by our subsidiaries Unit Drilling Company and Service Drilling Southwest, L.L.C. until it was merged into Unit Drilling Company on December 31, 2004, we also operated through our subsidiary Sauer Drilling Company;

 

    oil and natural gas exploration, carried out by our subsidiary Unit Petroleum Company and, until it was merged into Unit Petroleum Company in March 2005, PetroCorp Incorporated; and

 

    natural gas purchasing, gathering and processing carried out by our subsidiary Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C.

 

The following is a summary of certain financial information as of December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003:

 

     December 31,
2004


    December 31,
2003


    Percent
Change


 
     (In thousands except percent amounts)  

Working Capital

   $ 41,425     $ 20,931     98 %

Long-Term Debt

   $ 95,500     $ 400     23,775 %

Shareholders’ Equity

   $ 608,269     $ 515,768     18 %

Ratio of Long-Term Debt to Total Capitalization

     13.6 %     —   %   —   %

Income Before Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle

   $ 90,275     $ 48,864     85 %

Net Income

   $ 90,275     $ 50,189     80 %

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

   $ 203,210     $ 121,712     67 %

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

   $ (301,972 )   $ (132,099 )   129 %

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities

   $ 98,829     $ 10,488     842 %

 

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The following table summarizes certain operating information for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003:

 

     2004

   2003

   Percent
Change


 

Oil Production (MBbls)

     1,048      516    103 %

Natural Gas Production (MMcf)

     27,149      20,648    31 %

Average Oil Price Received

   $ 33.20    $ 26.94    23 %

Average Oil Price Received Excluding Hedge

   $ 36.63    $ 26.95    36 %

Average Natural Gas Price Received

   $ 5.42    $ 4.87    11 %

Average Natural Gas Price Received Excluding Hedge

   $ 5.42    $ 4.87    11 %

Average Number of Our Drilling Rigs in Use During the Period

     88.1      62.9    40 %

Total Number of Drilling Rigs Available at the End of the Period

     100      88    14 %

Gas Gathered—MMBtu/day

     33,147      16,413    102 %

Gas Processed—MMBtu/day

     13,412      92    14,478 %

Number of Natural Gas Gathering Systems

     32      15    113 %

 

Our Bank Credit Agreement.     At December 31, 2004, we had a $150.0 million bank credit agreement consisting of a revolving credit facility maturing on January 30, 2008. Borrowings under the credit facility are limited to a commitment amount and we have currently elected to have the full $150.0 million available as the commitment amount. We are charged a commitment fee of .375 of 1% on the amount available but not borrowed. We incurred origination, agency and syndication fees of $515,000 at the inception of the agreement, $40,000 of which will be paid annually and the remainder of the fees amortized over the four year life of the loan. The average interest rate for 2004 was 2.8%. At December 31, 2004 and March 1, 2005 our borrowings were $95.5 million and $88.0 million, respectively.

 

The borrowing base under our credit facility is subject to re-determination on May 10 and November 10 of each year. The latest re-determination supported the full $150.0 million. Each re-determination is based primarily on the sum of a percentage of the discounted future value of our oil and natural gas reserves, as determined by the banks. In addition, an amount representing a small part of the value of our drilling rig fleet, limited to $20.0 million, is added to the loan value. The credit agreement allows for one requested special re-determination of the borrowing base by either the banks or us between each scheduled re-determination date.

 

At our election, any portion of the outstanding debt may be fixed at a London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) for 30, 60, 90 or 180 day terms. During any LIBOR Rate funding period the outstanding principal balance of the note to which a LIBOR Rate option applies may be repaid after providing three days notice to the administrative agent and on the payment of any required indemnification amounts. Interest on the LIBOR Rate is computed at the LIBOR Base Rate applicable for the interest period plus 1.00% to 1.50% depending on the level of debt as a percentage of the total loan value and is payable at the end of each term or every 90 days whichever is less. Borrowings not under the LIBOR Rate bear interest at the JPMorgan Chase Prime Rate payable at the end of each month and the principal borrowed may be paid anytime in part or in whole without premium or penalty. At December 31, 2004, all of our $95.5 million debt was subject to the LIBOR Rate.

 

The credit agreement includes prohibitions against:

 

    the payment of dividends (other than stock dividends) during any fiscal year in excess of 25% of our consolidated net income for the preceding fiscal year,

 

    the incurrence of additional debt with certain very limited exceptions and

 

    the creation or existence of mortgages or liens, other than those in the ordinary course of business, on any of our property, except in favor of our banks.

 

The credit agreement also requires that we have at the end of each quarter:

 

    a consolidated net worth of at least $350.0 million,

 

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    a current ratio (as defined in the credit agreement) of not less than 1 to 1 and

 

    a leverage ratio of long-term debt to consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the credit agreement) for the most recently ended rolling four fiscal quarters of no greater than 3.25 to 1.0.

 

On December 31, 2004, we were in compliance with the covenants of the credit agreement.

 

In February 2005, we entered into an interest rate swap to help manage our exposure to possible future interest rate increases. The contract swaps $50.0 million of variable rate debt to fixed and covers the period from March 1, 2005 through January 2008. This period coincides with the remaining length of our current credit facility. The fixed rate is based on three-month LIBOR and is at 3.99%. The swap is a cash flow hedge.

 

Contractual Commitments.     At December 31, 2004, we had the following contractual obligations:

 

     Payments Due by Period

Contractual Obligations


   Total

   Less Than
1 Year


   2-3
Years


   4-5
Years


   After
5 Years


          (In thousands)     

Bank Debt (1)

   $ 104,625    $ 2,961    $ 5,921    $ 95,743    $ —  

Retirement Agreement (2)

     1,500      350      700      450      —  

Operating Leases (3)

     4,230      1,167      1,929      1,090      44

SerDrilco Inc. Earn-Out Agreement (4)

     1,890      1,890      —        —        —  
    

  

  

  

  

Total Contractual Obligations

   $ 112,245    $ 6,368    $ 8,550    $ 97,283    $ 44
    

  

  

  

  


(1) See Previous Discussion in Management Discussion and Analysis regarding bank debt. This obligation is presented in accordance with the terms of the credit agreement signed on January 30, 2004 and includes interest calculated at our year end interest rate of 3.1%.

 

(2) In the second quarter of 2001, we recorded $1.3 million in additional employee benefit expenses for the present value of a separation agreement made in connection with the retirement of King Kirchner from his position as Chief Executive Officer. The liability associated with this expense, including accrued interest, will be paid in monthly payments of $25,000 starting in July 2003 and continuing through June 2009. In the first quarter of 2004, we acquired a liability for the present value of a separation agreement between PetroCorp Incorporated and one of its previous officers. The liability associated with this last agreement will be paid in quarterly payments of $12,500 through December 31, 2007. Both liabilities as presented above are undiscounted.

 

(3) We lease office space in Tulsa and Woodward, Oklahoma and Midland and Houston, Texas under the terms of operating leases expiring through January 31, 2010. Additionally, we have several equipment leases and lease space on short-term commitments to stack excess rig equipment and production inventory.

 

(4) On December 8, 2003, the company acquired SerDrilco Incorporated and its subsidiary, Service Drilling Southwest LLC, for $35.0 million in cash. The terms of the acquisition include an earn-out provision allowing the sellers to obtain one-half of the cash flow in excess of $10.0 million for each of the three years following the acquisition. For the year ending December 31, 2004, the drilling rigs included in the earn-out provision had cash flow of approximately $13.8 million.

 

On October 19, 2004, Mr. John Nikkel, the Company’s Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer, announced that he plans to retire as an employee and as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer effective April 1, 2005. Mr. Nikkel intends to continue as a director of the Company. In connection with his retirement, the Board of Directors and Mr. Nikkel reached an agreement which was memorialized on December 17, 2004, providing for the following:

 

    Mr. Nikkel would serve as a consultant to the company, on an annual basis, for $70,000 per year and, the parties, by mutual written agreement, may extend the term of this agreement for successive one year periods at any time before the termination of the then existing term of the agreement; and

 

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    The company would provide office space and secretarial service for Mr. Nikkel for the time he serves as a consultant to the company.

 

On February 16, 2005, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors elected to reward Mr. Nikkel for his 21 years of exemplary service to the company by awarding him a cash bonus of $750,000, payable in 24 equal monthly installments commencing on the 20th month following his retirement on April 1, 2005.

 

In the first quarter of 2005 we made a commitment to purchase approximately $12.0 million of drill pipe and drill collars for delivery during 2005. Also in the first quarter of 2005, our oil and natural gas segment made a commitment to purchase $5.2 million of tubing and casing for delivery during the first quarter of 2005.

 

At December 31, 2004, we also had the following commitments and contingencies that could create, increase or accelerate our liabilities:

 

          Amount of Commitment Expiration Per Period

Other Commitments


   Total
Accrued


   Less
Than 1
Year


   2-3
Years


   4-5
Years


   After 5
Years


          (In thousands)     

Deferred Compensation Agreement (1)

   $ 2,111      Unknown      Unknown      Unknown      Unknown

Separation Benefit Agreement (2)

   $ 2,821    $ 700    $ 203      Unknown      Unknown

Plugging Liability (3)

   $ 19,135    $ 226    $ 494    $ 1,822    $ 16,593

Gas Balancing Liability (4)

   $ 1,080      Unknown      Unknown      Unknown      Unknown

Repurchase Obligations (5)

   $ 0      Unknown      Unknown      Unknown      Unknown

Workers’ Compensation Liability (6)

   $ 17,175    $ 4,561    $ 5,021    $ 1,449    $ 6,144

(1) We provide a salary deferral plan which allows participants to defer the recognition of salary for income tax purposes until actual distribution of benefits, which occurs at either termination of employment, death or certain defined unforeseeable emergency hardships. We recognize payroll expense and record a liability, included in other long-term liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet, at the time of deferral.

 

(2) Effective January 1, 1997, we adopted a separation benefit plan (“Separation Plan”). The Separation Plan allows eligible employees whose employment with us is involuntarily terminated or, in the case of an employee who has completed 20 years of service, voluntarily or involuntarily terminated, to receive benefits equivalent to four weeks salary for every whole year of service completed with Unit up to a maximum of 104 weeks. To receive payments the recipient must waive any claims against us in exchange for receiving the separation benefits. On October 28, 1997, we adopted a Separation Benefit Plan for Senior Management (“Senior Plan”). The Senior Plan provides certain officers and key executives of Unit with benefits generally equivalent to the Separation Plan. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has absolute discretion in the selection of the individuals covered in this plan. On May 5, 2004 we also adopted the Special Separation Benefit Plan. This plan is identical to the Separation Benefit Plan with the exception that the benefits under the plan vest on the earliest of a participant’s reaching the age of 65 or serving 20 years with the Unit. As of December 31, 2004, there were no participants in this plan.

 

(3) On January 1, 2003, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations” (FAS 143). FAS 143 establishes an accounting standard requiring the recording of the fair value of liabilities associated with the retirement of long-lived assets (mainly plugging and abandonment costs for our depleted wells) in the period in which the liability is incurred (at the time the wells are drilled or acquired).

 

(4) We have recorded a liability for certain properties where we believe there are insufficient oil and natural gas reserves available to allow the under-produced owners to recover their under-production from future production volumes.

 

(5)

We formed The Unit 1984 Oil and Gas Limited Partnership and the 1986 Energy Income Limited Partnership along with private limited partnerships (the “Partnerships”) with certain qualified employees,

 

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Index to Financial Statements
 

officers and directors from 1984 through 2004, with a subsidiary of ours serving as General Partner. The Partnerships were formed for the purpose of conducting oil and natural gas acquisition, drilling and development operations and serving as co-general partner with us in any additional limited partnerships formed during that year. The Partnerships participated on a proportionate basis with us in most drilling operations and most producing property acquisitions commenced by us for our own account during the period from the formation of the Partnership through December 31 of that year. These partnership agreements require, on the election of a limited partner, that we repurchase the limited partner’s interest at amounts to be determined in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement in the future. Such repurchases in any one year are limited to 20% of the units outstanding. We made repurchases of $14,000, $106,000 and $1,000 in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, for such limited partners’ interests.

 

(6) We have recorded a liability for future estimated payments related to workers’ compensation claims made primarily in our contract drilling segment.

 

Hedging.     Periodically we hedge the prices we will receive for a portion of our future natural gas and oil production. We do so in an attempt to reduce the impact and uncertainty that price variations have on our cash flow.

 

On April 30, 2002, we entered into a natural gas collar contract for 10,000 MMBtu’s of production per day that covered the period of April 1, 2002 through October 31, 2002. The collar had a floor of $3.00 and a ceiling of $3.98. During the year of 2002, our natural gas hedging transactions increased natural gas revenues by $40,300. We did not have any hedging transactions outstanding at December 31, 2002. These hedges were cash flow hedges and there was no material amount of ineffectiveness.

 

During the first quarter of 2003, we entered into two natural gas collar contracts. Each collar contract was for 10,000 MMBtu’s of production per day and covered the periods of April through September 2003. One contract had a floor of $4.00 and a ceiling of $5.75 and the other contract had a floor of $4.50 and a ceiling of $6.02. During the first quarter of 2003, we also entered into two oil collar contracts. Each contract was for 5,000 barrels of production per month and covered the period of May through December 2003. One contract had a floor price of $25.00 and a ceiling of 32.20 and the other contract had a floor price of $26.00 and a ceiling of $31.40. These hedges were cash flow hedges and there was no material amount of ineffectiveness. During the year of 2003, the collar contracts decreased natural gas revenues by $6,000 and oil revenues by $5,000. We did not have any hedging transactions outstanding at December 31, 2003.

 

During the first and second quarters of 2004, we entered into two natural gas collar contracts. Each collar contract was for 10,000 MMBtu’s of production per day. One contract covered the period of April through October of 2004 and had a floor of $4.50 and a ceiling of $6.76. The other contract covered the period of May through October of 2004 and had a floor of $5.00 and a ceiling of $7.00. We also entered into an oil hedge covering 1,000 barrels per day of oil production. The transaction covered the periods of February through December of 2004 and had an average price of $31.40. These hedges were cash flow hedges and there was no material amount of ineffectiveness. The natural gas collar contracts increased natural gas revenues by $48,000 during 2004. Oil revenues were reduced by $3.6 million in 2004 due to the settlement of the oil hedge. We did not have any hedging transactions outstanding at December 31, 2004.

 

In January 2005, we entered into two natural gas collar contracts. Each collar contract was for 10,000 MMBtu’s of production per day. One contract covered the period of April through October of 2005 and had a floor of $5.50 and a ceiling of $7.19. The other contract covered the period of April through October of 2005 and had a floor of $5.50 and a ceiling of $7.30. These hedges are cash flow hedges and there is no material amount of ineffectiveness.

 

In February 2005, we entered into an interest rate swap to help manage our exposure to possible future interest rate increases. The contract swaps $50.0 million of variable rate debt to fixed and covers the period from March 1, 2005 through January 2008. This period coincides with the remaining length of our current credit facility. The fixed rate is based on three-month LIBOR and is at 3.99%. The swap is a cash flow hedge.

 

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Self-Insurance .     We are self-insured for certain losses relating to workers’ compensation, general liability, property damage and employee medical benefits. Our insurance policies contain deductibles or retentions per occurrence ranging from $200,000 for general liability to $1.0 million for drilling rig physical damage. We have purchased stop-loss coverage in order to limit, to the extent feasible, our per occurrence and aggregate exposure to certain claims. There is no assurance that the insurance coverage we have will adequately protect us against liability from all potential consequences. Following the acquisition of SerDrilco we have continued to use its ERISA governed occupational injury benefit plan to cover its employees in lieu of covering them under an insured Texas workers’ compensation plan.

 

Impact of Prices for Our Oil and Natural Gas.     After the acquisition of PetroCorp Incorporated (as further discussed in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements), natural gas comprises 85% of our total oil and natural gas reserves. Before the acquisition, natural gas comprised 89% of our oil and natural gas reserves. Any significant change in natural gas prices has a material affect on our revenues, cash flow and the value of our oil and natural gas reserves. Generally, prices and demand for domestic natural gas are influenced by weather conditions, supply imbalances and by world wide oil price levels. Domestic oil prices are primarily influenced by world oil market developments. All of these factors are beyond our control and we can not predict nor measure their future influence on the prices we will receive.

 

Based on our production in 2004, a $.10 per Mcf change in what we are paid for our natural gas production would result in a corresponding $211,800 per month ($2,541,600 annualized) change in our pre-tax operating cash flow. Our 2004 average natural gas price was $5.42 compared to an average natural gas price of $4.87 for 2003. A $1.00 per barrel change in our oil price would have a $81,300 per month ($975,600 annualized) change in our pre-tax operating cash flow based on our production in 2004. Our 2004 average oil price was $33.20 compared with an average oil price of $26.94 received in 2003.

 

Because natural gas prices have such a significant affect on the value of our oil and natural gas reserves, declines in these prices can result in a decline in the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties. Price declines can also adversely affect the semi-annual determination of the amount available for us to borrow under our bank credit agreement since that determination is based mainly on the value of our oil and natural gas reserves. Such a reduction could limit our ability to carry out our planned capital projects.

 

Most of our natural gas production is sold to third parties under month-to-month contracts. For 2004, purchases by Eagle Energy Partners I, L.P. accounted for approximately 25% of our oil and natural gas revenues while purchases by Cinergy Marketing and Trading L.P. accounted for approximately 11% of our oil and natural gas revenues.

 

On August 2, 2004, we completed the sale of our 16.7% limited partner interest in Eagle Energy Partners I, L.P. Eagle’s purchase of natural gas from us during 2004 accounted for 25% of our oil and natural gas revenues during 2004. Eagle also marketed approximately 55% of the natural gas volumes we sold for ourselves as well as third parties during the same period. For the period August through December 2003, Eagle’s purchases from us accounted for 16% of our oil and natural gas revenues and it marketed approximately 37% of the natural gas volumes we sold for ourselves as well as third parties during the same five month period.

 

Oil and Natural Gas Acquisitions and Capital Expenditures.     On January 30, 2004, we acquired the outstanding common stock of PetroCorp Incorporated for $182.1 million in cash. At the closing of this acquisition, PetroCorp had $97.9 million in working capital. PetroCorp explored and developed oil and natural gas properties primarily in Texas and Oklahoma. Approximately 84% of the oil and natural gas properties acquired in the acquisition are located in the Mid-Continent and Permian basins, while 6% are located in the Rocky Mountains and 10% are located in the Gulf Coast basin. The acquired properties increased our oil and natural gas reserve base by approximately 56.7 billion equivalent cubic feet of natural gas and provide us with additional locations for future development drilling. The results of operations for this acquired company are included in the statement of income for the period after January 31, 2004.

 

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Most of our capital expenditures are discretionary and directed toward future growth. Our decision to increase our oil and natural gas reserves through acquisitions or through drilling depends on the prevailing or expected market conditions, potential return on investment, future drilling potential and opportunities to obtain financing under the circumstances involved, all of which provide us with a large degree of flexibility in deciding when to incur such costs. We drilled 168 wells (69.49 net wells) in 2004 compared to 149 wells (61.57 net wells) in 2003. Our total capital expenditures for oil and natural gas exploration and acquisitions in 2004 totaled $215.1 million with $114.3 million relating to the PetroCorp acquisition. Included in the PetroCorp acquisition was a plugging liability and deferred tax liability of $31.6 million.

 

Based on current prices, we plan to drill an estimated 220 to 230 wells in 2005 and estimate our total capital expenditures for oil and natural gas exploration and acquisitions to be around $125.0 million. In 2004, due to anticipated increases in steel product costs, we increased our inventory of production casing and tubing from $3.1 million to $8.4 million in 2004. This inventory will be used to meet our continued demand for such items as we complete wells in our development drilling program. In the first quarter of 2005, we made a commitment to purchase $5.2 million of tubing and casing for delivery during the first quarter of 2005.

 

Contract Drilling.     Our drilling work is subject to many factors that influence the number of drilling rigs we have working as well as the costs and revenues associated with that work. These factors include the demand for drilling rigs, competition from other drilling contractors, the prevailing prices for natural gas and oil, availability and cost of labor to run our drilling rigs and our ability to supply the equipment needed. Because of the current high demand for drilling rigs we are experiencing some difficulty in hiring and keeping all of the rig crews we need.

 

In response, at the end of the first and fourth quarters of 2004, we increased wages in some of our drilling areas and implemented longevity pay incentives to help maintain our contract drilling labor base. To date, these efforts have allowed us to meet our labor requirements. If current demands for drilling rigs continues, shortages of experienced personnel may limit our ability to operate our drilling rigs at or above the 95% utilization rate we achieved in the fourth quarter of 2004.

 

We currently do not have a shortage of drill pipe. Because of increasing steel costs and the potential for future shortages in the availability of new drill pipe, we committed in the first quarter of 2004 to purchase approximately 275,000 feet of drill pipe for $9.3 million. At December 31, 2004 we had accepted delivery of all of the pipe under the commitment. Early in 2005, we committed to the purchase of another $12.0 million of drill pipe and collars during 2005.

 

Most of our contract drilling fleet is targeted to the drilling of natural gas wells so changes in natural gas prices have a disproportionate influence on the demand for our drilling rigs and the prices we can charge for our contract drilling services. The average rates we received for our drilling rigs during 2003 and 2004 reached a low of $7,275 per day in February of 2003. However, as natural gas and oil prices began to rise during the second quarter of 2003 and have continued to remain strong through 2004, both demand for our drilling rigs and dayrates have improved. In 2004, the average dayrate we received was $8,937 per day compared to $7,808 per day in 2003. The average use of our drilling rigs in 2004 was 88.1 drilling rigs (95%) compared with 62.9 rigs (83%) for 2003. Based on the average utilization of our drilling rigs during 2004, a $100 per day change in dayrates has an $8,810 per day ($3,216,000 annualized) change in our pre-tax operating cash flow. We expect that utilization and dayrates for our drilling rigs will continue to depend mainly on the price of natural gas and the availability of drilling rigs to meet the demands of the industry.

 

Our contract drilling subsidiary provides drilling services for our exploration and production subsidiary. The contracts for these services are issued under the same conditions and rates as the contracts we have entered into with unrelated third parties for comparable type projects. During 2004 and 2003, we drilled 35 and 43 wells, respectively, for our exploration and production subsidiary. The profit received by our contract drilling segment of $3.7 million and $1.9 million during 2004 and 2003, respectively, was used to reduce the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties rather than being included in our operating profit.

 

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Drilling Acquisitions and Capital Expenditures.     On July 30, 2004, we completed our acquisition of Sauer Drilling Company, a Casper, Wyoming-based drilling company. We paid $40.3 million in this acquisition which included $5.3 million for working capital. This acquisition included nine drilling rigs, a fleet of trucks, and an equipment and repair yard containing associated inventory located in Casper, Wyoming. The drilling rigs range from 500 horsepower to 1,000 horsepower with depth capacities rated from 5,000 feet to 16,000 feet. The fleet of trucks consists of four vacuum trucks, and 11 rig-up trucks which are used to move the drilling rigs to new drilling locations. The trucks are also used to move other company’s drilling rigs. This acquisition increased our market share in the Rocky Mountains in the medium-to-smaller drilling rig depth ranges. The Casper, Wyoming equipment yard will continue to provide service space for the nine newly acquired drilling rigs and trucks as well as our other existing Rocky Mountain drilling rig fleet. The results of operations for this acquired company are included in the statement of income for the period after July 31, 2004.

 

On May 4, 2004, we acquired two drilling rigs and related equipment for $5.5 million. The drilling rigs are rated at 850 and 1,000 horsepower, respectively, with depth capacities from 12,000 to 15,000 feet. We refurbished these drilling rigs for approximately $4.0 million. One drilling rig was placed into service at the beginning of August 2004 and the other drilling rig was placed into service in the middle of September 2004. Both drilling rigs are working in our Rocky Mountain Division.

 

With these two acquisitions and the completion of construction of another 1,500 horsepower diesel electric drilling rig in June 2004, our total drilling rig fleet at December 31, 2004 was 100 drilling rigs.

 

On January 5, 2005 we acquired a subsidiary of Strata Drilling LLC for $10.5 million in cash. This acquisition included two drilling rigs as well as spare parts, inventory, drill pipe, and other major rig components. The two drilling rigs are 1,500 horsepower, diesel electric drilling rigs with the capacity to drill 12,000 to 20,000 feet. One drilling rig is currently operating and the other drilling rig will require approximately $2.0 million in expenditures to complete. This last drilling rig should be fully operational within 90 days. Both drilling rigs will ultimately be placed into service in our Rocky Mountain Division.

 

Also in January 2005, we completed the construction of a new 1,500 horsepower diesel electric drilling rig. This drilling rig is now operating in our Anadarko Basin Division. The addition of this drilling rig, along with the two drilling rigs we acquired in the transaction with Strata Drilling, L.L.C., brings our total rig fleet as of March 1, 2005 to 103 drilling rigs.

 

We plan to start the construction of our 104th drilling rig in the first quarter of 2005. This drilling rig will be a 1,500 horsepower diesel electric drilling rig and, when completed, will be added to our Rocky Mountain Division.

 

For our contract drilling operations during 2004, we incurred $98.4 million in capital expenditures, which includes $34.9 million in connection with the Sauer acquisition. For 2005, we have budgeted capital expenditures of approximately $60.0 million for our contract drilling operations.

 

Acquisition of Natural Gas Gathering and Processing Company.     In July 2004, we consolidated and increased our natural gas gathering and processing business when we completed the acquisition of the 60% of Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C. we did not already own. We paid $19.8 million in this acquisition. Before July 2004, we had developed 18 gathering systems which we have now consolidated with Superior. Superior is a mid-stream company engaged primarily in the purchasing, gathering, processing and treating of natural gas. It operates one natural gas treatment plant, owns three processing plants, 32 active gathering systems and 440 miles of pipeline. Superior operates in Oklahoma, Texas and Louisiana and has been in business since 1996. This acquisition and consolidation increases our ability to gather and market our natural gas (as well as third party natural gas) and construct or acquire existing natural gas gathering and processing facilities.

 

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Before this acquisition, our 40% interest in the operations of Superior was shown as equity in earnings of unconsolidated investments. Our investment, including our share of the equity in the earnings of this company, totaled $3.0 million at December 31, 2003 and is reported in other assets on our accompanying 2003 balance sheet. The results of operations for this acquired company are included in the statement of income for the period after July 31, 2004 and intercompany revenue from services and purchases of production between business segments has been eliminated. During 2004, Superior purchased $4.0 million of our natural gas production and paid $97,000 for our natural gas liquids. After the acquisition of Superior, $1.8 million of the natural gas purchased and $53,000 of the natural gas liquids purchased were eliminated.

 

For the year 2005, we have budgeted capital expenditures of approximately $20.0 million for our natural gas gathering and processing operation with the focus on growing this segment through the construction of new facilities or acquisitions.

 

Oil and Natural Gas Limited Partnerships and Other Entity Relationships.     We are the general partner of 11 oil and natural gas partnerships which were formed privately and publicly. Each partnership’s revenues and costs are shared under formulas prescribed in its limited partnership agreement. The partnerships repay us for contract drilling, well supervision and general and administrative expense. Related party transactions for contract drilling and well supervision fees are the related party’s share of such costs. These costs are billed on the same basis as billings to unrelated third parties for similar services. General and administrative reimbursements consist of direct general and administrative expense incurred on the related party’s behalf as well as indirect expenses assigned to the related parties. Allocations are based on the related party’s level of activity and are considered by us to be reasonable. During 2004, 2003 and 2002, the total paid to us for all of these fees was $746,000, $873,000 and $929,000, respectively. We expect that these fees in 2005 will be comparable to those in 2004. Our proportionate share of assets, liabilities and net income relating to the oil and natural gas partnerships is included in our consolidated financial statements.

 

On August 2, 2004, we completed the sale of our investment in Eagle Energy Partners I, L.P. for $6.2 million. In the third quarter of 2004, a gain before income taxes of $3.8 million was recognized in other revenues from this sale. Eagle marketed approximately 55% of the natural gas volumes we sold for ourselves and other parties in 2004.

 

Critical Accounting Policies.

 

Summary

 

In this section, we have identified the critical accounting policies we follow in preparing our financial statements and related disclosures. Many of these policies require us to make difficult, subjective and complex judgments in the course of making estimates of matters that are inherently imprecise. We will explain the nature of these estimates, assumptions and judgments, and the likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported in our financial statements under different conditions or using different assumptions.

 

The following table lists our critical accounting policies, the estimates and assumptions that can have a significant impact on the application of these accounting policies, and the financial statement accounts affected by these estimates and assumptions.

 

Accounting Policies


 

Estimates or Assumptions


 

Accounts Affected


Full cost method of accounting for oil and gas properties  

•      Oil and natural gas reserves estimates and related present value of future net revenues

 

•      Oil and gas Properties

 

•      Accumulated DD&A

 

•      Provision for DD&A

   

•      Valuation of unproved properties

 

•      Impairment of proved and unproved properties

 

•      Long-term debt and interest expense

 

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Accounting Policies


 

Estimates or Assumptions


 

Accounts Affected


Accounting for asset retirement obligations for oil and gas properties  

•      Cost estimates Related to the plugging and abandonment of wells

 

•      Oil and gas properties

 

•      Accumulated DD&A

 

•      Provision for DD&A

 

•      Current and non-current liabilities

 

•      Operating expense

Accounting for impairment of drilling property and equipment  

•      Forecast of undiscounted estimated future net operating cash flows

 

•      Drilling property and equipment

 

•      Accumulated depreciation

 

•      Provision for depreciation

 

•      Impairment of drilling property and equipment

Turnkey and footage drilling contracts  

•      Estimates of costs to complete turnkey and footage contracts

 

•      Revenue and operating expense

 

•      Current assets and liabilities

 

Significant Estimates and Assumptions

 

Oil and natural gas reserve engineering is a subjective process. It entails estimating underground accumulations of oil and natural gas. These accumulations cannot be measured in an exact manner. The degree of accuracy of these estimates depends on a number of factors, including, the quality of available geological and engineering data, the precision of the interpretations of that data, and judgment based on experience and training. Annually, we engage an independent petroleum engineering firm to audit our internal evaluation of our oil and natural gas reserves.

 

The techniques used in estimating oil and natural gas reserves annually depend on the nature and extent of available data and the accuracy of the estimates. As a general rule, the degree of accuracy of oil and natural gas reserve estimates varies with the reserve classification and the related accumulation of available data, as shown in the following table:

 

Type of Reserves


  

Nature of Available Data


  

Degree of Accuracy


Proved undeveloped    Data from offsetting wells, seismic data    Least accurate
Proved developed non-producing    Logs, core samples, well tests, pressure data    More accurate
Proved developed producing    Production history, pressure data over time    Most accurate

 

Assumptions as to future commodity prices and operating and capital costs also play a significant role in estimating oil and natural gas reserves and the estimated present value of the cash flows to be received from the future production of those reserves. Volumes of recoverable reserves are affected by the assumed prices and costs due to what is known as the economic limit (that point in the future when the projected costs and expenses of producing recoverable oil and natural gas reserves exceed the projected revenues from the oil and natural gas reserves). But more significantly, the estimated present value of future cash flows from the oil and natural gas reserves is extremely sensitive to prices and costs, and may vary materially based on different assumptions. SEC financial accounting and reporting standards require that pricing parameters be tied to the price received for oil and natural gas on the last day of the reporting period. This requirement can result in significant changes from

 

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period to period given the volatile nature of oil and natural gas prices. Based on our year end 2004 oil and natural gas reserves, a $1.00 decline in the oil price used to calculate our economically recoverable oil reserves will reduce our estimated oil reserves by 32,000 barrels and a $0.10 decline in the price of natural gas used to calculate our natural gas reserves will reduce our estimated economically recoverable natural gas reserves by 386,000 Mcf. Estimated future cash flows discounted at 10% before income taxes would change by $19.4 million.

 

We compute our provision for DD&A on a units-of-production method. Each quarter, we use the following formulas to compute the provision for DD&A for our producing properties:

 

    DD&A Rate = Unamortized Cost / Beginning of Period Reserves

 

    Provision for DD&A = DD&A Rate x Current Period Production

 

Oil and natural gas reserve estimates have a significant impact on the DD&A rate. If reserve estimates for a property or group of properties are revised downward in future periods, the DD&A rate will increase as a result of the revision. Alternatively, if reserve estimates are revised upward, the DD&A rate will decrease. At our 2004 production level of 33,437,000 equivalent Mcf, a 5% change in the amount of our 2004 oil and natural gas reserves would change our DD&A rate by $0.07 per mcfe and would change pre-tax income by $2.4 million annually.

 

We account for our oil and natural gas exploration and development activities using the full cost method of accounting. Under this method, all costs incurred in the acquisition, exploration and development of oil and natural gas properties are capitalized. At the end of each quarter, the net capitalized costs of our oil and natural gas properties are limited to the lower of unamortized cost or a ceiling. The ceiling is defined as the sum of the present value (10% discount rate) of estimated future net revenues from proved reserves, based on period-end oil and natural gas prices adjusted for hedging, plus the lower of cost or estimated fair value of unproved properties not included in the costs being amortized, less related income taxes. If the net capitalized costs of our oil and natural gas properties exceed the ceiling, we are subject to a write-down to the extent of such excess. A ceiling test write-down is a non-cash charge to earnings. If required, it reduces earnings and impacts shareholders’ equity in the period of occurrence and results in lower depreciation, depletion and amortization expense in future periods. Once incurred, a write-down cannot be reversed.

 

The risk that we will be required to write-down the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties increases when oil and natural gas prices are depressed or if we have large downward revisions in our estimated proved oil and natural gas reserves. Application of these rules during periods of relatively low oil or natural gas prices, even if temporary, increases the chance of a ceiling test write-down. Based on oil and natural gas prices on December 31, 2004 ($5.65 per Mcf for natural gas and $43.45 per barrel for oil), the unamortized cost of our oil and natural gas properties did not exceed the ceiling of our proved oil and natural gas reserves. Natural gas and oil prices remain erratic and any significant declines below prices used in the reserve evaluation could result in a ceiling test write-down in following quarterly reporting periods.

 

We use the sales method for recording natural gas sales. This method allows for recognition of revenue, which may be more or less than our share of pro-rata production from certain wells. Our policy is to expense our pro-rata share of lease operating costs from all wells as incurred. Such expenses relating to the natural gas balancing position on wells in which we have an imbalance are not material.

 

On January 1, 2003 the company adopted Financial Accounting Standards No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations” (FAS 143). FAS 143 establishes an accounting standard requiring the recording of the fair value of liabilities associated with the retirement of long-lived assets. We own oil and natural gas properties which require costs to plug and abandon the wells when the oil and natural gas reserves in the wells are depleted. These expenditures under FAS 143 are recorded in the period in which the liability is incurred (at the time the wells are drilled or acquired). We do not have any assets restricted for the purpose of settling these plugging

 

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liabilities. Our engineering staff uses historical experience to determine estimated plugging costs taking into account the type of well (either oil or natural gas), the depth of the well and physical location of the well within our areas of operation to determine the estimated plugging costs. Since the implementation of this standard, we have not plugged enough wells to make additional determinations as to the accuracy of the estimates.

 

Drilling equipment, transportation equipment and other property and equipment are carried at cost. Renewals and enhancements are capitalized while repairs and maintenance are expensed. Realization of the carrying value of property and equipment is reviewed for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Assets are determined to be impaired if a forecast of undiscounted estimated future net operating cash flows directly related to the asset, including disposal value if any, is less than the carrying amount of the asset. If any asset is determined to be impaired, the loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. An estimate of fair value is based on the best information available, including prices for similar assets. Changes in these estimates could cause us to reduce the carrying value of property and equipment. An estimate of the impact to our earnings if other assumptions had been used is not practicable because of the significant number of assumptions that would be involved in the estimates.

 

Because we do not bear the risk of completion of a well drilled under a “daywork” contract we recognize revenues and expense generated under “daywork” contracts as the services are performed. Under “footage” and “turnkey” contracts, we bear the risk of completion of the well, so revenues and expenses are recognized when the well is substantially completed. Substantial completion is determined when the well bore reaches the depth specified in the contract. The entire amount of a loss, if any, is recorded when the loss can be reasonably determined, however, any profit is recorded only at the time the well is finished. The costs of drilling contracts uncompleted at the end of the reporting period (which includes expenses incurred to date on “footage” or “turnkey” contracts) are included in other current assets. In 2004, we did not drill any footage or turnkey contracts.

 

EFFECTS OF INFLATION

 

The effect of inflation in the oil and natural gas industry is primarily driven by the prices for oil and natural gas. Increased commodity prices increase demand for contract drilling rigs and services which support higher drilling rig activity. This in turn affects the overall demand for our drilling rigs and the dayrates we can obtain for our contract drilling services. Before 1999, the effect of inflation on our operations was minimal due to low inflation rates, relatively low natural gas and oil prices and moderate demand for our contract drilling services. Over the last five years natural gas and oil prices have been more volatile, and during periods of higher utilization we have experienced increases in labor cost and the cost of services to support our drilling rigs. During this same period, when commodity prices did decline labor rates did not come back down to the levels existing before the increases. If natural gas prices increase substantially for a long period, shortages in support equipment (such as drill pipe, third party services and qualified labor) will result in additional increases in our material and labor costs. These conditions may limit our ability to realize improvements in operating profits. How inflation will affect us in the future will depend on additional increases, if any, realized in our drilling rig rates and the prices we receive for our oil and natural gas.

 

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

 

On January 17, 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin (“ARB”) 51 (“FIN 46”). The primary objectives of FIN 46 are to provide guidance on the identification of entities for which control is achieved through means other than through voting rights (“variable interest entities” or “VIEs”) and how to determine when and which business enterprise should consolidate the VIE. This new model for consolidation applies to an entity which either (1) the equity investors (if any) do not have a controlling financial interest or (2) the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity’s activities without receiving additional subordinated financial support from other parties.

 

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FIN 46, as amended, was effective for us in the fourth quarter of 2003 as it applies to entities created after February 1, 2003. The adoption of FIN 46 with respect to these entities, primarily Eagle Energy Partnership I, L.P., did not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations or cash flows. For entities created before February 1, 2003, which are not special purpose entities as defined in FIN 46, FIN 46 and the amendment of FIN 46 were effective for us, as amended, in the quarter ending March 31, 2004. We evaluated FIN 46 and FIN 46(R) with regard to these types of entities in which we have an ownership interest and there was no material impact to the financial position, results of operations or cash flows from the adoption of FIN 46 and FIN 46(R).

 

In September 2004, the staff of the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 106 (SAB 106) to express the staff’s views regarding application of FAS 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations,” by oil and natural gas producing companies following the full cost accounting method. SAB 106 addressed the computation of the full cost ceiling test to avoid double-counting asset retirement costs, the disclosures a full cost accounting company is expected to make regarding the impacts of FAS 143, and the amortization of estimated dismantlement and abandonment costs that are expected to result from future development activities. The accounting and disclosures described in SAB 106 have been adopted by the Company as of the fourth quarter of 2004 and did not have a material impact on the financial position of the Company, or on its results of operations.

 

In November 2004, the FASB issued Statement on Financial Accounting Standards No. 151, “Inventory Costs, an amendment of ARB No. 43, Chapter 4,” which clarifies the types of costs that should be expensed rather than capitalized as inventory. The provisions of FAS 151 are effective for years beginning after June 15, 2005. The Company has not determined the impact, if any, that this statement will have on its results of operations or its financial condition.

 

The FASB issued Statement on Financial Accounting Standards No. 153, “Exchanges of Productive Assets,” in December 2004 that amended Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 29, “Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions.” FAS 153 requires that nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets are to be accounted for at fair value. Previously these transactions were accounted for at book value of the assets. This statement is effective for nonmonetary transactions occurring in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005. The Company does not expect this statement to have a material impact on it results of operations or its financial condition.

 

In December 2004, the FASB issued FAS 123R, which requires that compensation cost relating to share-based payments be recognized in the company’s financial statements. We currently account for these payments under recognition and measurement principles of APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and related interpretations. We are preparing to implement this standard effective July 1, 2005. Although the transition method to be used to adopt the standard has not been selected, see Employee and Director Stock Based Compensation section of Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this report for the effect on net income and earnings per share for the years 2002 through 2004.

 

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

2004 versus 2003

 

Provided below is a comparison of selected operating and financial data for the year of 2004 versus the year of 2003:

 

     2004

    2003

    Percent
Change


 

Total Revenue

   $ 519,203,000     $ 301,377,000     72 %

Income Before Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle

   $ 90,275,000     $ 48,864,000     85 %

Net Income

   $ 90,275,000     $ 50,189,000     80 %

Oil and Natural Gas:

                      

Revenue

   $ 185,017,000     $ 116,609,000     59 %

Operating costs

   $ 41,303,000     $ 24,953,000     66 %

Average natural gas price (Mcf)

   $ 5.42     $ 4.87     11 %

Average oil price (Bbl)

   $ 33.20     $ 26.94     23 %

Natural gas production (Mcf)

     27,149,000       20,648,000     31 %

Oil production (Bbl)

     1,048,000       516,000     103 %

Depreciation, depletion and amortization rate (Mcfe)

   $ 1.41     $ 1.14     24 %

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

   $ 47,517,000     $ 27,343,000     74 %

Gas Gathering and Processing:

                      

Revenue

   $ 29,717,000     $ 606,000     4,804 %

Operating costs

   $ 27,018,000     $ 349,000     7,642 %

Depreciation

   $ 982,000     $ 176,000     458 %

Gas gathered—MMBtu/day

     33,147       16,413     102 %

Gas processed—MMBtu/day

     13,412       92     14,478 %

Drilling:

                      

Revenue

   $ 298,204,000     $ 183,146,000     63 %

Operating costs

   $ 210,912,000     $ 138,762,000     52 %

Percentage of revenue from daywork contracts

     100 %     98 %   2 %

Average number of rigs in use

     88.1       62.9     40 %

Average dayrate on daywork contracts

   $ 8,937     $ 7,808     14 %

Depreciation

   $ 33,659,000     $ 23,644,000     42 %

General and Administrative Expense

   $ 11,987,000     $ 9,222,000     30 %

Interest Expense

   $ 2,695,000     $ 693,000     289 %

Average Interest Rate

     2.8 %     2.2 %   27 %

Average Long-Term Debt Outstanding

   $ 83,121,000     $ 20,722,000     301 %

 

Oil and natural gas revenues increased $68.4 million or 59% in 2004 as compared to 2003. Increased oil and natural gas prices accounted for 32% of this increase while increased production volumes accounted for 68% of the increase. The PetroCorp acquisition increased our oil production by 64% in 2004 while total oil production increased 103%. The PetroCorp acquisition increased our natural gas production for 2004 by 18% while our total natural gas production increased 31%. Increased production outside of the PetroCorp acquisition came primarily from our development drilling program.

 

Oil and natural gas operating cost increased $16.3 million or 66% in 2004 as compared to 2003. Cost directly related to the production of the PetroCorp wells that we acquired in January 2004 represented 37% of the increase while 27% came from production costs related to wells we drilled in 2004 and increases in production costs from previously drilled wells. Gross production taxes represented 25% of the increase because of higher oil and natural gas revenues. General and Administrative cost directly related to the production of our wells represented 6% of the increase as labor costs increased primarily because of a 32% addition in the number of

 

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employees working in our exploration and production area. Total depreciation, depletion and amortization (“DD&A”) on our oil and natural gas properties increased $20.2 million or 74%. Higher production volumes were 55% of the increase and increases in the DD&A rate represented 45% of the increase. The increase in the DD&A rate in 2004 resulted from 63% higher development drilling cost per equivalent Mcf in 2004 versus 2003. PetroCorp’s oil and natural gas reserves were added at a 5% higher cost per Mcf than our discovery cost in 2003.

 

Industry demand for our drilling rigs increased throughout 2004 as natural gas prices continued to remain above $4.50. Drilling revenues increased $115.1 million or 63% in 2004 versus 2003. In December 2003, we acquired 12 drilling rigs with the acquisition of SerDrilco, Inc. and its subsidiary, Service Drilling Southwest, L.L.C. Those drilling rigs increased our 2004 drilling revenues approximately 17%. In July 2004, we acquired nine drilling rigs with the acquisition of Sauer Drilling Company. The Sauer drilling rigs increased our 2004 drilling revenues by approximately 8%. The increase in revenue from all our acquired drilling rigs and increased utilization from our previously owned drilling rigs represented 67% of the total increase in revenues. Increases in dayrates and mobilization fees accounted for 33% of the increase in total drilling revenues. Our average dayrate in 2004 was 14% higher than our average dayrate in 2003.

 

Drilling operating costs were up $72.2 million or 52%. The 12 drilling rigs acquired with the acquisition of SerDrilco Inc. increased our 2004 operating cost by approximately 13% and the nine Sauer drilling rigs increased our 2004 operating costs by approximately 7%. The increase in operating cost from all our acquired drilling rigs and increased utilization from our previously owned drilling rigs represented 82% of the total increase in operating cost. Increases in operating cost per day accounted for 18% of the increase in total operating costs. Operating cost per day increased $501 per day in 2004 with approximately $360 of that increase coming from costs directly associated with the drilling of wells. Indirect drilling costs made up most of the remainder of the increase in per day costs and consisted primarily of property taxes, safety related expenses, repairs and the implementation of a central hiring system for our Oklahoma drilling rig fleet. We expect the demand for drilling rigs to remain high throughout 2005 and this will put additional upward pressure on our drilling rig expenses. Approximately 1% of our total drilling revenues in 2003 came from footage and turnkey contracts, which had profit margins lower than our daywork contracts. We did not drill any turnkey or footage wells in 2004. Contract drilling depreciation increased $10.0 million or 42%. The acquisition of the SerDrilco drilling rigs increased depreciation $3.5 million or 35% while the acquisition of the Sauer drilling rigs increased depreciation $1.3 million or 13% with the remainder of the increase attributable to the increase in utilization of previously owned drilling rigs.

 

In July 2004, we consolidated and increased our natural gas gathering and processing business when we completed the acquisition of the 60% of Superior we did not already own. We paid $19.8 million in this acquisition. Before July 2004, we had developed 18 gathering systems which we have now consolidated with Superior’s operations. Superior is a mid-stream company engaged primarily in the purchasing, gathering, processing and treating of natural gas and operates one natural gas treatment plant and owns three processing plants, 32 active gathering systems and 440 miles of pipeline. Superior operates in Oklahoma, Texas and Louisiana.

 

Before the Superior acquisition, our 40% interest in the income or loss from the operations of Superior was shown as equity in earnings of unconsolidated investments and was $603,000 net of income tax in 2004 versus $953,000 net of income tax in 2003. Our investment, including our share of the equity in the earnings of Superior, totaled $3.0 million at December 31, 2003 and is reported in other assets on our accompanying 2003 balance sheet. The results of operations for Superior are included in the statement of income for the period after July 31, 2004 and intercompany revenue from services and purchases of production between business segments has been eliminated. Our natural gas gathering and processing revenues, operating expenses and depreciation were $29.1 million, $26.7 million and $0.8 million higher, respectively, all due to the Superior acquisition.

 

General and administrative expense increased $2.8 million or 30%. Personnel costs increased $1.2 million, external audit fees and third party contractor costs primarily relating to the implementation of Sarbanes-Oxley increased $0.6 million and insurance costs increased $0.3 million.

 

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Our total interest expense increased $2.0 million or 289%. Average debt outstanding increased in 2004 due to the PetroCorp, Superior and Sauer acquisitions. The cost of these acquisitions accounted for approximately 80% of the interest increase with the remainder coming from an increase in average interest rates. Income tax expense increased $24.9 million or 86% primarily due to the increase in income before income taxes. Our effective tax rate for 2004 was 37.4% versus 37.2% in 2003.

 

Net income in 2003 includes $1.3 million due to an accumulated change in accounting principle for the implementation of Financial Accounting Standards No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations” (FAS 143).

 

2003 versus 2002

 

Provided below is a comparison of selected operating and financial data for the years 2003 and 2002:

 

     2003

    2002

    Percent
Change


 

Total Revenue

   $ 301,377,000     $ 187,392,000     61 %

Income Before Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle

   $ 48,864,000     $ 18,244,000     168 %

Net Income

   $ 50,189,000     $ 18,244,000     175 %

Oil and Natural Gas:

                      

Revenue

   $ 116,609,000     $ 67,959,000     72 %

Operating costs

   $ 24,953,000     $ 20,795,000     20 %

Average natural gas price (Mcf)

   $ 4.87     $ 2.87     70 %

Average oil price (Bbl)

   $ 26.94     $ 21.54     25 %

Natural gas production (Mcf)

     20,648,000       18,968,000     9 %

Oil production (Bbl)

     516,000       473,000     9 %

Depreciation, depletion and amortization rate (Mcfe)

   $ 1.14     $ 1.04     10 %

Depreciation, depletion and amortization (includes $346,000 write off of interest in Shenandoah in 2002)

   $ 27,343,000     $ 23,338,000     17 %

Gas Gathering and Processing:

                      

Revenue

   $ 606,000     $ 357,000     70 %

Operating costs

   $ 349,000     $ 396,000     (12 )%

Depreciation

   $ 176,000     $ 105,000     68 %

Gas gathered—MMBtu/day

     16,413       9,474     73 %

Gas processed—MMBtu/day

     92       94     (2 )%

Drilling:

                      

Revenue

   $ 183,146,000     $ 118,173,000     55 %

Operating costs

   $ 138,762,000     $ 91,338,000     52 %

Percentage of revenue from daywork contracts

     98 %     91 %   8 %

Average number of rigs in use

     62.9       39.1     61 %

Average dayrate on daywork contracts

   $ 7,808     $ 7,716     1 %

Depreciation

   $ 23,644,000     $ 14,684,000     61 %

General and Administrative Expense

   $ 9,222,000     $ 8,712,000     6 %

Interest Expense

   $ 693,000     $ 973,000     (29 %)

Average Interest Rate

     2.2 %     3.0 %   (27 %)

Average Long-Term Debt Outstanding

   $ 20,722,000     $ 24,771,000     (16 %)

 

Oil and natural gas revenues were up $48.7 million or 72% in 2003 as compared with 2002. Increased oil and natural gas prices accounted for 92% of the increase while increased production volumes accounted for 8% of the increase. Increased production came primarily from our development drilling program.

 

Oil and natural gas operating cost increased $4.2 million or 20% in 2003 as compared to 2002. Gross production taxes represented 77% of the increase due to higher oil and natural gas revenues. General and

 

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administrative cost directly related to the production of our wells represented 17% of the increase as labor costs increased within the segment. Total DD&A on our oil and natural gas properties increased $4.0 million or 17%. Higher production volumes were 46% of the increase and increases in the DD&A rate represented 54% of the increase. The increase in the DD&A rate in 2003 resulted from 12% higher development drilling cost per equivalent Mcf in 2003 versus 2002.

 

Industry demand for our drilling rigs increased gradually throughout 2003 as natural gas prices increased in 2003 versus 2002 and resulted in higher drilling rig use. Drilling revenues increased $65.0 million or 55% in 2003 versus 2002. In December 2003 we acquired 12 rigs with the acquisition of SerDrilco Incorporated and its subsidiary, Service Drilling Southwest LLC and those drilling rigs increased our 2003 drilling revenues approximately 3% with the remainder of the increase in drilling revenue coming from increased utilization from our previously owned drilling rigs. Average dayrates increased 1% over 2002.

 

Drilling operating cost increased $47.4 million or 52%. The 12 rigs acquired in the acquisition of SerDrilco increased our 2003 operating cost by approximately 2%. The increase in operating cost from all our acquired drilling rigs and increased utilization from our previously owned drilling rigs represented the total increase in operating cost. Operating cost per day decreased $82 per day or 1%. Cost directly associated with the drilling of wells decreased $148 per day and another $110 per day decrease came from indirect drilling cost with all components of our indirect cost experiencing small declines on a per day basis. These decreases were partially offset by increases in ad valorem taxes and workers’ compensation expense. Approximately 2% of our total drilling revenues in 2003 came from footage and turnkey contracts which had profit margins lower than our daywork contracts. Nine percent of our total drilling revenues came from footage and turnkey contracts in 2002. Contract drilling depreciation increased $9.0 million or 61%. The acquisition of the SerDrilco rigs increased depreciation $257,000 or 1% with the remainder of the increase coming primarily from the increase in utilization of previously owned drilling rigs.

 

General and administrative expense increased $510,000 or 6%. General liability insurance increased $149,000, director and officer insurance increased $235,000 and corporate administrative cost increased $94,000 accounting for most of the increase.

 

Our total interest expense decreased $280,000 or 29%. Average debt outstanding decreased in 2003 representing approximately 45% of the decrease with the remainder attributable to the decrease in average interest rates. Income tax expense increased $19.3 million or 202% primarily due to an increase in income before income taxes. Our effective tax rate for 2002 was 34.4% versus 37.2% in 2003. The impact of higher statutory depletion and other permanent differences reduced by the impact of state income taxes was the cause for the lower effective tax rate in 2002.

 

Net income in 2003 includes $1.3 million of income due to an accumulated change in accounting principle for the implementation of Financial Accounting Standards No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations” (FAS 143). FAS 143 establishes an accounting standard requiring the recording of the fair value of liabilities associated with the retirement of long-lived assets. We own oil and natural gas properties which require expenditures to plug and abandon the wells when the oil and natural gas reserves in the wells are depleted. These expenditures under FAS 143 are recorded in the period in which the liability is incurred (at the time the wells are drilled or acquired). The financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2002 have not been restated and the cumulative effect of the change of $1.3 million net of tax ($0.03 per share) is shown as a one-time addition to income in 2003.

 

Item 7a. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

 

Our operations are exposed to market risks primarily as a result of changes in commodity prices and interest rates.

 

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Index to Financial Statements

Commodity Price Risk.     Our major market risk exposure is in the price we receive for our oil and natural gas production. The price we receive is primarily driven by the prevailing worldwide price for crude oil and market prices applicable to our natural gas production. Historically, the prices we received for our oil and natural gas production have fluctuated and we expect these prices to continue to fluctuate. The price of oil and natural gas also affects both the demand for our drilling rigs and the amount we can charge for the use of our drilling rigs. Based on our 2004 production, a $.10 per Mcf change in what we are paid for our natural gas production would result in a corresponding $211,800 per month ($2,541,600 annualized) change in our pre-tax cash flow. A $1.00 per barrel change in our oil price would have a $81,300 per month ($975,600 annualized) change in our pre-tax operating cash flow.

 

In an effort to try and reduce the impact of price fluctuations, over the past several years we have periodically used hedging strategies to hedge the price we will receive for a portion of our future oil and natural gas production. A detailed explanation of those transactions has been included under hedging in the financial condition portion of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation included above.

 

Interest Rate Risk.     Our interest rate exposure relates to our long-term debt, all of which bears interest at variable rates based on the JPMorgan Chase Prime Rate or the LIBOR Rate. At our election, borrowings under our revolving credit facility may be fixed at the LIBOR Rate for periods of up to 180 days. Historically, we have not used any financial instruments, such as interest rate swaps, to manage our exposure to possible increases in interest rates. However, in February 2005, we entered into an interest rate swap to help manage our exposure to any future interest rate volatility. A detailed explanation of this transaction has been included under hedging in the financial condition portion of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation included above. Based on our average outstanding long-term debt in 2004, a 1% change in the floating rate would reduce our annual pre-tax cash flow by approximately $831,000.

 

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Index to Financial Statements
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 

Index To Financial Statements

Unit Corporation and Subsidiaries

 

     Page

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

   39

Consolidated Financial Statements:

    

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   40

Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2004 and 2003

   42

Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002

   43

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004

   44

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002

   45

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   46

 

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Index to Financial Statements

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

The management of the company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

 

    Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;

 

    Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and

 

    Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.

 

Management has excluded Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C. (Superior) from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004 because it was acquired by the company in a purchase business combination during 2004. Superior is a wholly-owned subsidiary whose total assets and total revenues represent 3% and 6%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2004.

 

The company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004. In making this assessment, the company’s management used the criteria set forth in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on our assessment, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2004, the company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.

 

The company’s independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, has audited our assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, as stated in their report which follows.

 

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Index to Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

Unit Corporation:

 

We have completed an integrated audit of Unit Corporation’s 2004 consolidated financial statements and of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004 and audits of its 2003 and 2002 consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Our opinions, based on our audits, are presented below.

 

Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule

 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying index present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Unit Corporation and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under item 15(a)(2), presents fairly, in all material respects the information set forth herein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit of financial statements includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, effective January 1, 2003, the Company adopted the requirements of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations.”

 

Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

Also, in our opinion, management’s assessment, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004 based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on those criteria. Furthermore, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the COSO. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on management’s assessment and on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. An audit of internal control over financial reporting includes obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we consider necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinions.

 

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Index to Financial Statements

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management has excluded Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C. (Superior) from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004 because it was acquired by the Company in a purchase business combination during 2004. We have also excluded Superior from our audit of internal control over financial reporting. Superior is a wholly-owned subsidiary whose total assets and total revenues represent 3% and 6%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2004.

 

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

 

Tulsa, Oklahoma

March 14, 2005

 

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Index to Financial Statements

UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

     As of December 31,

     2004

   2003

     (In thousands)

ASSETS

             

Current Assets:

             

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 665    $ 598

Restricted cash

     2,571      —  

Accounts receivable (less allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,661 and $1,223)

     93,180      58,807

Materials and supplies

     13,054      8,023

Income tax receivable

     —        112

Prepaid expenses and other

     9,131      5,202
    

  

Total current assets

     118,601      72,742
    

  

Property and Equipment:

             

Drilling equipment

     508,845      424,321

Oil and natural gas properties, on the full cost method:

             

Proved properties

     731,622      528,110

Undeveloped leasehold not being amortized

     28,170      17,486

Gas gathering and processing equipment

     38,417      6,686

Transportation equipment

     13,559      9,828

Other

     10,946      7,849
    

  

       1,331,559      994,280

Less accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment

     466,923      385,219
    

  

Net property and equipment

     864,636      609,061
    

  

Goodwill

     30,509      23,722

Other Assets

     9,390      7,400
    

  

Total Assets

   $ 1,023,136    $ 712,925
    

  

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

             

Current Liabilities:

             

Current portion of other liabilities (Note 4)

   $ 5,837    $ 7,116

Accounts payable

     49,268      32,871

Accrued liabilities

     19,851      9,820

Contract advances

     2,220      2,004
    

  

Total current liabilities

     77,176      51,811
    

  

Long-Term Debt (Note 4)

     95,500      400
    

  

Other Long-Term Liabilities (Note 4)

     37,725      17,893
    

  

Deferred Income Taxes (Note 5)

     204,466      127,053
    

  

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 9)

             

Shareholders’ Equity:

             

Preferred stock, $1.00 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued

     —        —  

Common stock, $.20 par value, 75,000,000 shares authorized, 45,745,399 and 45,592,012 shares issued, respectively

     9,149      9,117

Capital in excess of par value

     310,132      307,938

Retained earnings

     288,988      198,713
    

  

Total shareholders’ equity

     608,269      515,768
    

  

Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

   $ 1,023,136    $ 712,925
    

  

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

 

     Year Ended December 31,

 
     2004

   2003

   2002

 
     (In thousands except per share
amounts)
 

Revenues:

                      

Contract drilling

   $ 298,204    $ 183,146    $ 118,173  

Oil and natural gas

     185,017      116,609      67,959  

Gas gathering and processing

     29,717      606      357  

Other

     6,265      1,016      903  
    

  

  


Total revenues

     519,203      301,377      187,392  
    

  

  


Expenses:

                      

Contract drilling:

                      

Operating costs

     210,912      138,762      91,338  

Depreciation

     33,659      23,644      14,684  

Oil and natural gas:

                      

Operating costs

     41,303      24,953      20,795  

Depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment

     47,517      27,343      23,338  

Gas gathering and processing:

                      

Operating costs

     27,018      349      396  

Depreciation

     982      176      105  

General and administrative

     11,987      9,222      8,712  

Interest

     2,695      693      973  
    

  

  


Total expenses

     376,073      225,142      160,341  
    

  

  


Income Before Income Taxes and Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle

     143,130      76,235      27,051  
    

  

  


Income Tax Expense:

                      

Current

     4,866      —        (3,469 )

Deferred

     48,592      28,324      12,758  
    

  

  


Total income taxes

     53,458      28,324      9,289  
    

  

  


Equity in Earnings of Unconsolidated Investments, (Net of Income Tax of $372, $563 and $263, in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively)

     603      953      482  
    

  

  


Income Before Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle

     90,275      48,864      18,244  

Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle (Net of Income Tax of $811)

     —        1,325      —    
    

  

  


Net Income

   $ 90,275    $ 50,189    $ 18,244  
    

  

  


Basic Earnings Per Common Share:

                      

Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

   $ 1.97    $ 1.12    $ 0.47  

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle net of income tax

     —        0.03      —    
    

  

  


Net income

   $ 1.97    $ 1.15    $ 0.47  
    

  

  


Diluted Earnings Per Common Share:

                      

Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

   $ 1.97    $ 1.12    $ 0.47  

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle net of income tax

     —        0.03      —    
    

  

  


Net income

   $ 1.97    $ 1.15    $ 0.47  
    

  

  


 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Year Ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004

 

    Common
Stock


  Capital In
Excess of
Par Value


  Retained
Earnings


  Accumulated
Other
Comprehen-
sive Income


    Treasury
Stock


    Total

 
    (In thousands except share amounts)  

Balances, January 1, 2002

  $ 7,201   $ 141,977   $ 130,280   $ —       $ (296 )   $ 279,162  

Net Income

    —       —       18,244     —         —         18,244  

Activity in employee compensation plans (113,133 shares)

    23     1,156     —       —         296       1,475  

Issuance of stock for acquisition (7,220,000 shares)

    1,444     121,047     —       —         —         122,491  

Other comprehensive income (net of tax of $15 and $15):

                                         

Change in value of cash flow derivative instruments used as cash flow hedges

    —       —       —       25       —         25  

Adjustment reclassification—derivative settlements

    —       —       —       (25 )     —         (25 )
   

 

 

 


 


 


Balances, December 31, 2002

    8,668     264,180     148,524     —         —         421,372  

Net Income

    —       —       50,189     —         —         50,189  

Activity in employee compensation plans (252,612 shares)

    49     2,018     —       —         —         2,067  

Issuance of 2,000,000 shares of common stock)

    400     41,740     —       —         —         42,140  

Other comprehensive income (net of tax of $3 and $3):

                                         

Change in value of cash flow derivative instruments used as cash flow hedges

    —       —       —       (4 )     —         (4 )

Adjustment reclasification—derivative settlements

    —       —       —       4       —         4  
   

 

 

 


 


 


Balances, December 31, 2003

    9,117     307,938     198,713     —         —         515,768  

Net Income

    —       —       90,275     —         —         90,275  

Activity in employee compensation plans (159,907 shares)

    32     2,194     —       —         —         2,226  

Other comprehensive income (net of tax of $1,345 and $1,345):

                                         

Change in value of cash flow derivative instruments used as cash flow hedges

    —       —       —       (2,195 )     —         (2,195 )

Adjustment reclassification—derivative settlements

    —       —       —       2,195       —         2,195  
   

 

 

 


 


 


Balances, December 31, 2004

  $ 9,149   $ 310,132   $ 288,988   $ —       $ —       $ 608,269  
   

 

 

 


 


 


 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements

 

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UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

     Year Ended December 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands)  

Cash Flows From Operating Activities:

                        

Net Income

   $ 90,275     $ 50,189     $ 18,244  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:

                        

Depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment

     83,025       51,783       38,657  

Equity in net earnings of unconsolidated investments

     (976 )     (1,516 )     (745 )

Loss (gain) on disposition of assets

     (4,386 )     51       (69 )

Employee stock compensation plans

     1,632       1,415       1,165  

Bad debt expense

     400       645       603  

Plugging liability—cumulative effect—net of accretion

     860       (1,624 )     —    

Gas balancing adjustment

     (111 )     —         —    

Deferred tax expense

     48,964       28,887       13,021  

Changes in operating assets and liabilities increasing (decreasing) cash:

                        

Accounts receivable

     (14,579 )     (25,540 )     (43 )

Cost of uncompleted drilling contracts

     86       —         —    

Materials and supplies

     (5,031 )     771       (3,436 )

Prepaid expenses and other

     (1,324 )     4,240       2,365  

Accounts payable

     (1,380 )     6,148       1,784  

Accrued liabilities

     5,539       4,286       (350 )

Contract advances

     216       1,977       (213 )

Other liabilities

     —         —         (436 )
    


 


 


Net cash provided by operating activities

     203,210       121,712       70,547  
    


 


 


Cash Flows From Investing Activities:

                        

Capital expenditures

     (165,950 )     (96,162 )     (70,725 )

Producing property and other acquisitions

     (148,076 )     (35,000 )     (4,500 )

Proceeds from disposition of property and equipment

     9,975       1,625       1,949  

(Acquisition) disposition of other assets

     2,079       (2,562 )     540  
    


 


 


Net cash used in investing activities

     (301,972 )     (132,099 )     (72,736 )
    


 


 


Cash Flows From Financing Activities:

                        

Borrowings under line of credit

     211,200       65,200       36,700  

Payments under line of credit

     (116,100 )     (95,300 )     (36,200 )

Net payments on notes payable and other long-term debt

     (2,100 )     (1,105 )     (1,161 )

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

     486       452       413  

Proceeds from sale of common stock

     —         42,140       —    

Book overdrafts (Note 1)

     5,343       (899 )     2,543  
    


 


 


Net cash provided by financing activities

     98,829       10,488       2,295  
    


 


 


Net Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents

     67       101       106  

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year

     598       497       391  
    


 


 


Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year

   $ 665     $ 598     $ 497  
    


 


 


Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:

                        

Cash paid (received) during the year for:

                        

Interest

   $ 2,520     $ 660     $ 1,053  

Income taxes

   $ 4,787     $ (3,495 )   $ (4,585 )

 

See Note 2 for non-cash investing activities.

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements

 

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UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 1—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Principles of Consolidation.     The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Unit Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries (“Unit”). The investment in limited partnerships is accounted for on the proportionate consolidation method, whereby Unit’s share of the partnerships’ assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses is included in the appropriate classification in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

 

Certain amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.

 

Nature of Business.     Unit is engaged in the land contract drilling of natural gas and oil wells, the exploration, development, acquisition and production of oil and natural gas properties and the gathering and processing of natural gas. Unit’s current contract drilling operations are focused primarily in the natural gas producing provinces of the Oklahoma and Texas areas of the Anadarko and Arkoma Basins, the Texas Gulf Coast and the Rocky Mountain regions. Unit’s primary exploration and production operations are also conducted in the Anadarko and Arkoma Basins and in the Texas Gulf Coast area with additional properties in the Permian Basin. The majority of its contract drilling and exploration and production activities are oriented toward drilling for and producing natural gas. At December 31, 2004, Unit had an interest in a total of 5,885 wells and served as operator of 1,019 of those wells. Unit provides land contract drilling services for a wide range of customers using the drilling rigs, which it owns and operates. In 2004, all of Unit’s 100 rigs owned during 2004 performed contract drilling services. Our gas gathering and processing operations consists of one natural gas treatment plant, three processing plants, 32 active gathering systems and 440 miles of pipeline. Gas gathering and processing operations are performed in western Oklahoma, the Texas Panhandle and Louisiana.

 

Drilling Contracts.     Unit recognizes revenues and expenses generated from “daywork” drilling contracts as the services are performed, since the Company does not bear the risk of completion of the well. Under “footage” and “turnkey” contracts, Unit bears the risk of completion of the well; therefore, revenues and expenses are recognized when the well is substantially completed. Under this method, substantial completion is determined when the well bore reaches the negotiated depth as stated in the contract. The duration of all three types of contracts range typically from 20 to 90 days, but some of our daywork contracts in the Rocky Mountains can range up to one year. The entire amount of a loss, if any, is recorded when the loss is determinable. The costs of uncompleted drilling contracts include expenses incurred to date on “footage” or “turnkey” contracts, which are still in process at the end of the period, and are included in other current assets.

 

Cash Equivalents and Book Overdrafts.     Unit includes as cash equivalents, certificates of deposits and all investments with maturities at date of purchase of three months or less which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash. Book overdrafts are checks that have been issued prior to the end of the period, but not presented to Unit’s bank for payment prior to the end of the period. At December 31, 2004 and 2003, book overdrafts of $8.0 million and $2.7 million have been included in accounts payable.

 

Property and Equipment.     Drilling equipment, natural gas gathering and processing equipment, transportation equipment and other property and equipment are carried at cost. Renewals and improvements are capitalized while repairs and maintenance are expensed. Depreciation of drilling equipment is recorded using the units-of-production method based on estimated useful lives, including a minimum provision of 20% of the active rate when the equipment is idle. Unit uses the composite method of depreciation for drill pipe and collars and calculates the depreciation by footage actually drilled compared to total estimated remaining footage. Depreciation of other property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from 3 to 15 years.

 

Realization of the carrying value of property and equipment is reviewed for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Assets are

 

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determined to be impaired if a forecast of undiscounted estimated future net operating cash flows directly related to the asset including disposal value if any, is less than the carrying amount of the asset. If any asset is determined to be impaired, the loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. An estimate of fair value is based on the best information available, including prices for similar assets. Changes in such estimates could cause Unit to reduce the carrying value of property and equipment.

 

When property and equipment components are disposed of, the cost and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is generally reflected in operations. For dispositions of drill pipe and drill collars, an average cost for the appropriate feet of drill pipe and drill collars is removed from the asset account and charged to accumulated depreciation and proceeds, if any, are credited to accumulated depreciation.

 

Goodwill.     Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of the acquisition of Hickman Drilling Company, CREC Rig Equipment Company, CDC Drilling Company, SerDrilco Incorporated and Sauer Drilling Company over the fair value of the net assets acquired. For goodwill and intangible assets recorded in the financial statements, an impairment test is performed at least annually to determine whether the fair value has decreased. Goodwill is all related to the drilling segment. The 2003 increase in the carrying amount of goodwill of $10.9 million came from the goodwill acquired in the acquisition of SerDrilco Incorporated. In 2004 the increase in the carrying amount of goodwill of $6.8 million came from the goodwill acquired in the acquisition of Sauer Drilling Company of $4.9 million and from the additional goodwill recorded from the SerDrilco Incorporated acquisition of $1.9 million for the 2004 earn-out as provided for in the sales agreement. Both acquisitions are more fully discussed in Note 2. Goodwill of $10.6 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

 

Oil and Natural Gas Operations.     Unit accounts for its oil and natural gas exploration and development activities on the full cost method of accounting prescribed by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, all productive and non-productive costs incurred in connection with the acquisition, exploration and development of oil and natural gas reserves are capitalized and amortized on a composite units-of-production method based on proved oil and natural gas reserves. All costs associated with acquisition, exploration and development of oil and natural gas reserves, including directly related overhead costs and related asset retirement costs, are capitalized. Independent petroleum engineers annually review Unit’s determination of its oil and natural gas reserves. The average composite rates used for depreciation, depletion and amortization (“DD&A”) were $1.41, $1.14 and $1.04 per Mcfe in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The calculation of DD&A includes estimated future expenditures to be incurred in developing proved reserves and estimated dismantlement and abandonment costs, net of estimated salvage values. Unit’s unproved properties totaling $28.2 million are excluded from the DD&A calculation. In the event the unamortized cost of oil and natural gas properties being amortized exceeds the full cost ceiling, as defined by the SEC, the excess is charged to expense in the period during which such excess occurs. The full cost ceiling is based principally on the estimated future discounted net cash flows from Unit’s oil and natural gas properties. As discussed in Supplemental Information, such estimates are imprecise.

 

No gains or losses are recognized on the sale, conveyance or other disposition of oil and natural gas properties unless a significant reserve amount is involved.

 

Unit’s contract drilling subsidiary provides drilling services for its exploration and production subsidiary. The contracts for these services are issued under the same conditions and rates as the contracts entered into with unrelated third parties. During 2004, the contract drilling subsidiary drilled 35 wells for our exploration and production subsidiary. As required by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the profit received by our contract drilling segment of $3.7 million, $1.9 million and $0.8 million during 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, was used to reduce the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties rather than being included in our operating profit.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Limited Partnerships.     Unit’s wholly owned subsidiary, Unit Petroleum Company, is a general partner in 11 oil and natural gas limited partnerships sold privately and publicly. Some of Unit’s officers, directors and employees own the interests in most of these partnerships. Unit shares partnership revenues and costs in accordance with formulas prescribed in each limited partnership agreement. The partnerships also reimburse Unit for certain administrative costs incurred on behalf of the partnerships.

 

Income Taxes.     Measurement of current and deferred income tax liabilities and assets is based on provisions of enacted tax law; the effects of future changes in tax laws or rates are not included in the measurement. Valuation allowances are established where necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable for the year and the change during that year in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

 

Natural Gas Balancing.     Unit uses the sales method for recording natural gas sales. This method allows for recognition of revenue, which may be more or less than our share of pro-rata production from certain wells. Unit estimates its December 31, 2004 balancing position to be approximately 1.7 Bcf on under-produced properties and approximately 2.3 Bcf on over-produced properties. Unit has recorded a receivable of $221,000 on certain wells where we estimated that insufficient reserves are available for Unit to recover the under-production from future production volumes. Unit has also recorded a liability of $1.1 million on certain properties where we believe there are insufficient reserves available to allow the under-produced owners to recover their under-production from future production volumes. Unit’s policy is to expense the pro-rata share of lease operating costs from all wells as incurred. Such expenses relating to the balancing position on wells in which Unit has imbalances are not material.

 

Employee and Director Stock Based Compensation.     Unit’s stock-based compensation plans, which are explained more fully in Note 6, are accounted for under the recognition and measurement principles of APB Opinion 25 “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and related interpretations. Under this standard, no compensation expense is recognized for grants of options, which include an exercise price equal to or greater than the market price of the stock on the date of grant. Accordingly, based on Unit’s grants in 2004, 2003 and 2002 no compensation expense has been recognized. Compensation expense included in reported net income is Unit’s matching 401(k) contribution which was made in Unit common stock. The following table illustrates the effect on net income and earnings per share if Unit had applied the fair value recognition provisions of FASB Statement No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” to stock-based employee compensation.

 

     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands except per share
amounts)
 

Net Income, as Reported

   $ 90,275     $ 50,189     $ 18,244  

Add Stock Based Employee Compensation Expense Included in Reported Net Income—Net of Tax

     1,026       858       669  

Less Total Stock Based Employee Compensation Expense Determined Under Fair Value Based Method For All Awards

     (2,760 )     (2,114 )     (1,488 )
    


 


 


Pro Forma Net Income

   $ 88,541     $ 48,933     $ 17,425  
    


 


 


Basic Earnings per Share:

                        

As reported

   $ 1.97     $ 1.15     $ 0.47  
    


 


 


Pro forma

   $ 1.94     $ 1.12     $ 0.45  
    


 


 


Diluted Earnings per Share:

                        

As reported

   $ 1.97     $ 1.15     $ 0.47  
    


 


 


Pro forma

   $ 1.93     $ 1.12     $ 0.45  
    


 


 


 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The fair value of each option granted is estimated using the Black-Scholes model. Unit’s estimate of stock volatility in 2004, 2003 and 2002 was 0.51, 0.52 and 0.53, respectively, based on previous stock performance. Dividend yield was estimated to remain at zero with a risk free interest rate of 4.40% in 2004 and 4.24% in 2003 and 2002. Expected life ranged from 1 to 10 years based on prior experience depending on the vesting periods involved and the make up of participating employees. The aggregate fair value of options granted during 2004 and 2003 under the Stock Option Plan were $2.9 million and $1.6 million, respectively. Under the Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan the aggregate fair value of options granted during 2004 was $430,000 and was $262,000 in 2003 and 2002.

 

Self Insurance.     Unit utilizes self insurance programs for employee group health and worker’s compensation. Self insurance costs are accrued based upon the aggregate of estimated liabilities for reported claims and claims incurred but not yet reported. Accrued liabilities include $18.8 million and $8.0 million for employer group health insurance and worker’s compensation at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Our insurance policies contain deductibles or retentions per occurrence ranging from $200,000 for general liability to $1.0 million for drilling rig physical damage. We have purchased stop-loss coverage in order to limit, to the extent feasible, our per occurrence and aggregate exposure to certain claims. There is no assurance that the insurance coverage we have will adequately protect us against liability from all potential consequences. Following the acquisition of SerDrilco, Unit continued to use SerDrilco’s ERISA governed occupational injury benefit plan to cover the SerDrilco employees in lieu of covering them under an insured Texas workers’ compensation plan.

 

Treasury Stock.     On August 30, 2001, Unit’s Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to one million shares of Unit’s common stock. The timing of stock purchases are made at the discretion of management. No treasury stock was owned by Unit at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002.

 

Financial Instruments and Concentrations of Credit Risk.     Financial instruments, which potentially subject Unit to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of trade receivables with a variety of national and international oil and natural gas companies. Unit does not generally require collateral related to receivables. Such credit risk is considered by management to be limited due to the large number of customers comprising Unit’s customer base. During 2004, Chesapeake Operating, Inc. was our largest drilling customer and provided 11% of our total contract drilling revenues. Purchases by Eagle Energy Partners I, L.P. accounted for approximately 25% of Unit’s oil and natural gas revenues in 2004 while purchases by Cinergy Marketing and Trading LP accounted for approximately 11% of Unit’s oil and natural gas revenues. Prior to August 2, 2004 Unit owned 16.7% interest in Eagle Energy Partners I LP, whose purchases accounted for 25% of Unit’s oil and natural gas revenues in 2004. In addition, at December 31, 2004, Unit had a concentration of cash of $8.8 million and $6.9 million with two banks and at December 31, 2003 had a concentration of cash of $3.5 million with one bank.

 

Hedging Activities.     On January 1, 2001, Unit adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 133 (subsequently amended by Financial Accounting Standard No.’s 137 and 138), “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (“FAS 133”). This statement requires all derivatives to be recognized on the balance sheet and measured at fair value. If a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, Unit is required to measure the effectiveness of the hedge, or the degree that the gain (loss) for the hedging instrument offsets the loss (gain) on the hedged item, at each reporting period. The effective portion of the gain (loss) on the derivative instrument is recognized in other comprehensive income as a component of equity and subsequently reclassified into earnings when the forecasted transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value is required to be recognized in earnings immediately. Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge treatment under FAS 133 must be recorded at fair value with gains (losses) recognized in earnings in the period of change.

 

Unit periodically enters into derivative commodity instruments to hedge its exposure to price fluctuations on oil and natural gas production. Such instruments include regulated natural gas and crude oil futures contracts

 

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traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) and over-the- counter swaps and basic hedges with major energy derivative product specialists. Initial adoption of this standard was not material.

 

On April 30, 2002, Unit entered into a natural gas collar contract for 10,000 MMBtu’s of production per day and covering the periods of April through October 2002. The collar had a floor price of $3.00 and a ceiling price of $3.98. During the year of 2002, the natural gas hedging transactions increased natural gas revenues by $40,300. At December 31, 2002, Unit was not holding any natural gas or oil derivative contracts. These hedges were cash flow hedges and there was no material amount of ineffectiveness.

 

During the first quarter of 2003, Unit entered into two collar contracts. Each collar contract was for 10,000 MMBtu’s of production per day and covered the periods of April through September 2003. One contract had a floor price of $4.00 and a ceiling price of $5.75 and the other contract had a floor price of $4.50 and a ceiling price of $6.02. Unit also entered into two oil collar contracts. Each contract was for 5,000 barrels of production per month and covered the periods of May through December 2003. One contract had a floor price of $25.00 and a ceiling price of $32.20 and the other contract had a floor price of $26.00 and a ceiling price of $31.40. These hedges were cash flow hedges and there was no material amount of ineffectiveness. During the year 2003, the collar contracts decreased natural gas revenues by $6,000 and oil revenues by $5,000. We did not have any hedging transactions outstanding at December 31, 2003.

 

During the first and second quarters of 2004, we entered into two natural gas collar contracts. Each collar contract was for 10,000 MMBtu’s of production per day. One contract covered the period of April through October of 2004 and had a floor of $4.50 and a ceiling of $6.76. The other contract covered the period of May through October of 2004 and had a floor of $5.00 and a ceiling of $7.00. We also entered into an oil hedge covering 1,000 barrels per day of oil production. The transaction covered the periods of February through December of 2004 and had an average price of $31.40. These hedges were cash flow hedges and there was no material amount of ineffectiveness. The natural gas collar contracts increased natural gas revenues by $48,000 during 2004. Oil revenues were reduced by $3.6 million in 2004 due to the settlement of the oil hedge. We did not have any hedging transactions outstanding at December 31, 2004.

 

In January 2005, we enter into two natural gas collar contracts. Each collar contract was for 10,000 MMBtu’s of production per day. One contract covered the period of April through October of 2005 and had a floor of $5.50 and a ceiling of $7.19. The other contract covered the period of April through October of 2005 and had a floor of $5.50 and a ceiling of $7.30. These hedges are cash flow hedges and there is no material amount of ineffectiveness.

 

In February 2005, we entered into an interest rate swap to help manage our exposure to possible future interest rate increases. The contract swaps $50.0 million of variable rate debt to fixed and covers the period from March 1, 2005 through January 2008. This period coincides with the remaining length of our current credit facility. The fixed rate is based on three-month LIBOR and is at 3.99%. The swap is a cash flow hedge.

 

Accounting Estimates.     The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Impact of Financial Accounting Pronouncements.     On January 17, 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB 51” (“FIN 46”). The primary objectives of FIN 46 are to provide guidance on the identification of entities for which control is achieved through means other than through voting rights (“variable interest entities” or “VIEs”) and how to determine when and which business enterprise should consolidate the VIE. This new model for consolidation applies to an

 

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entity which either (1) the equity investors (if any) do not have a controlling financial interest or (2) the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity’s activities without receiving additional subordinated financial support from other parties.

 

FIN 46, as amended, was effective for us in the fourth quarter of 2003 as it applies to entities created after February 1, 2003. The adoption of FIN 46 with respect to these entities, primarily Eagle Energy Partnership I, L.P., did not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations or cash flows. For entities created prior to February 1, 2003, which are not special purpose entities, as defined in FIN 46, FIN 46 and the amendment of FIN 46 were effective for us, as amended, in the quarter ending March 31, 2004. We evaluated FIN 46 and FIN 46(R) with regard to these types of entities in which we have an ownership interest and there was no material impact to the financial position, results of operations or cash flows from the adoption of FIN 46 and FIN 46(R).

 

In September 2004, the staff of the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 106 (SAB 106) to express the staff’s views regarding application of FAS 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations,” by oil and natural gas producing companies following the full cost accounting method. SAB 106 addressed the computation of the full cost ceiling test to avoid double-counting asset retirement costs, the disclosures a full cost accounting company is expected to make regarding the impacts of FAS 143, and the amortization of estimated dismantlement and abandonment costs that are expected to result from future development activities. The accounting and disclosures described in SAB 106 have been adopted by the Company as of the fourth quarter of 2004 and did not have a material impact on the financial position of the Company, or on its results of operations.

 

In November 2004, the FASB issued Statement on Financial Accounting Standards No. 151, “Inventory Costs, an amendment of ARB No. 43, Chapter 4,” which clarifies the types of costs that should be expensed rather than capitalized as inventory. The provisions of FAS 151 are effective for years beginning after June 15, 2005. The Company has not determined the impact, if any, that this statement will have on its results of operations or its financial condition.

 

The FASB issued Statement on Financial Accounting Standards No. 153, “Exchanges of Productive Assets,” in December 2004 that amended Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 29, “Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions.” FAS 153 requires that nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets are to be accounted for at fair value. Previously these transactions were accounted for at book value of the assets. This statement is effective for nonmonetary transactions occurring in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005. The Company does not expect this statement to have a material impact on it results of operations or its financial condition.

 

In December 2004, the FASB issued FAS 123R, which requires that compensation cost relating to share-based payments be recognized in the company’s financial statements. The company currently accounts for those payments under recognition and measurement principles of APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and related interpretations. The company is preparing to implement this standard effective July 1, 2005. Although the transition method to be used to adopt the standard has not been selected, see Employee and Director Stock Based Compensation section of Note 1 for the effect on net income and earnings per share for the years 2002 through 2004 if the company had applied the fair value recognition provision of FAS 123 to stock based employee compensation.

 

On January 1, 2003 the company adopted Financial Accounting Standards No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations” (FAS 143). FAS 143 establishes an accounting standard requiring the recording of the fair value of liabilities associated with the retirement of long-lived assets. The company owns oil and natural gas properties which require expenditures to plug and abandon the wells when the oil and natural gas reserves in the wells are depleted. These expenditures under FAS 143 are recorded in the period in which the liability is incurred

 

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(at the time the wells are drilled or acquired). The company does not have any assets restricted for the purpose of settling the plugging liabilities. Pro forma amounts assuming retroactive application of change in accounting principle for 2002 make net income $48.1 million with basic earnings per share $0.47 and diluted earnings per share $0.46.

 

The following table shows the activity for the year ending December 31, 2004 relating to the company’s retirement obligation for plugging liability:

 

     Short-Term
Plugging
Liability


    Long-Term
Plugging
Liability


 
     (In Thousands)  

Plugging Liability January 1, 2004

   $ 303     $ 11,691  

Accretion of Discount

     6       854  

Liability Incurred in the Period

     —         6,524  

Liability Settled in the Period

     (62 )     (95 )

Liability Sold

     (21 )     (63 )

Reclassification of Liability From Long- to Short-Term

     —         —    

Revision of Estimate

     —         (2 )
    


 


Plugging Liability December 31, 2004

   $ 226     $ 18,909  
    


 


 

NOTE 2—ACQUISITIONS

 

On July 30, 2004, the company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Unit Drilling Company, acquired Sauer Drilling Company, a Casper-based drilling company. The acquisition was for $40.3 million in cash including working capital of $5.3 million. This acquisition includes nine drilling rigs, a fleet of trucks, and an equipment and repair yard with associated inventory, located in Casper, Wyoming. The rigs range from 500 horsepower to 1,000 horsepower with depth capacities rated from 5,000 feet to 16,000 feet. The fleet of trucks consists of four vacuum trucks and 11 rig-up trucks used to move the rigs to new drilling locations. The trucks also have the capacity to move third-party rigs. The equipment yard, located in Casper, Wyoming, will continue to provide service space for the nine newly acquired rigs and trucks as well as for the company’s existing Rocky Mountain rig fleet. The results of operations for this acquired company are included in the statement of income for the period after July 31, 2004.

 

The $40.3 million paid for Sauer was allocated as follows (in thousands):

 

Drilling Rigs Including Tubulars

   $ 26,428

Spare Drilling Equipment

     1,498

Trucking Fleet

     1,433

Land and Buildings

     510

Other Vehicles

     182

Working Capital

     5,322

Goodwill Recognized

     4,898
    

Total consideration

   $ 40,271
    

 

The amount paid was determined through arms-length negotiations between the parties.

 

On July 29, 2004, the company completed its acquisition of the 60% of Superior Pipeline Company L.L.C. (“Superior”) it did not already own for $19.8 million, resulting in the company’s 100% ownership of Superior. Before this acquisition, the company’s 40% interest in the operations of Superior was shown as equity in earnings of unconsolidated investments, net of income tax. Superior is a mid-stream company engaged primarily

 

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in the purchasing, gathering, processing and treating of natural gas and operates one natural gas treatment plant, two processing plants, 12 active gathering systems and 400 miles of pipeline. Superior operates in western Oklahoma and the Texas Panhandle and has been in business since 1996. This acquisition will increase the company’s ability to gather and market its natural gas (as well as third party natural gas) and construct or acquire existing natural gas gathering and processing facilities. The results of operations for this acquired company are included in the statement of income for the period after July 31, 2004 and intercompany revenue from services and purchases of production between the company’s subsidiaries has been eliminated.

 

The $19.8 million paid for Superior was allocated as follows (in thousands):

 

Gas Gathering and Processing Facilities

   $ 20,886  

Other Long-Term Liabilities

     (1,080 )

Working Capital

     (6 )
    


Total consideration

   $ 19,800  
    


 

The amount paid was determined through arms-length negotiations between the parties.

 

On May 4, 2004, the company acquired two drilling rigs and related equipment for $5.5 million. The drilling rigs are rated at 850 and 1,000 horsepower, respectively, with depth capacities from 12,000 to 15,000 feet. The company refurbished the rigs for approximately $4.0 million. One drilling rig was placed into service at the beginning of August 2004 and the other rig was placed into service in the middle of September 2004. Both drilling rigs are working in the area covered by the Rocky Mountain division.

 

On January 30, 2004, the company acquired the outstanding common stock of PetroCorp Incorporated for $182.1 million in cash ($92.2 million net of cash acquired). PetroCorp Incorporated explores and develops oil and natural gas properties primarily in Texas and Oklahoma. Approximately 84% of the oil and natural gas properties acquired in the acquisition are located in the Mid-Continent and Permian basins, while 6% are located in the Rocky Mountains and 10% are located in the Gulf Coast basin. The acquired properties increased the company’s oil and natural gas reserve base by approximately 56.7 billion equivalent cubic feet of natural gas and provide additional locations for future development drilling. The results of operations for this acquired company are included in the statement of income for the period after January 30, 2004.

 

The amount paid for PetroCorp was allocated as follows (in thousands):

 

Working Capital

   $ 97,943  

Undeveloped Oil and Natural Gas Properties

     6,321  

Proved Oil and Natural Gas Properties

     107,591  

Property and Equipment—Other

     382  

Other Assets

     1,445  

Other Long-Term Liabilities

     (5,271 )

Deferred Income Taxes

     (26,291 )
    


Total consideration

   $ 182,120  
    


 

The amount paid was determined through arms-length negotiations between the parties and only the cash portion of the transaction appears in the investing and financing activities sections of the company’s consolidated condensed financial statements of cash flows.

 

At the closing of this acquisition, $5.5 million, otherwise payable to the shareholders of PetroCorp Incorporated, was transferred to an escrow account to reserve for certain liabilities and related costs that may be incurred by PetroCorp Incorporated after the closing of the acquisition. As of December 31, 2004, $2.6 million is in escrow and is reflected as restricted cash.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Unaudited summary pro forma results of operations for the company, reflecting the PetroCorp, Sauer Drilling Company and Superior Pipeline Company LLC acquisitions as if they occurred at January 1, 2003 are as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31,

     2004

   2003

     (In thousands except per
share amounts)

Revenues

   $ 569,915    $ 406,663
    

  

Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

   $ 92,757    $ 57,482
    

  

Net Income

   $ 92,757    $ 55,838
    

  

Basic Earnings per Share:

             

Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

   $ 2.03    $ 1.32
    

  

Net income

   $ 2.03    $ 1.28
    

  

Diluted Earnings per Share:

             

Income before cumulative effect in change in accounting principle

   $ 2.02    $ 1.31
    

  

Net income

   $ 2.02    $ 1.28
    

  

 

The pro forma results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the actual results of operations that would have occurred for the respective periods or of the results which may occur in the future.

 

On December 8, 2003, Unit acquired SerDrilco Incorporated and its subsidiary, Service Drilling Southwest LLC, for $35.0 million in cash. The terms of the acquisition include an earn-out provision allowing the sellers to obtain one-half of the cash flow in excess of $10.0 million for each of the three years following the acquisition. An additional $1.9 million was added to goodwill for the liability associated with the 2004 earn-out. The assets of SerDrilco Incorporated included 12 drilling rigs, spare drilling equipment, a fleet of 12 larger trucks and trailers, various other vehicles and a district office and equipment yard in and near Borger, Texas. The results of operations for the acquired entity are included in the statement of operations for the period beginning December 8, 2003 and continuing through December 31, 2004.

 

Total consideration given in the acquisition was determined based on the depth capacity of the rigs, the working condition of the rigs and the ability of the rigs to enhance Unit’s ability to provide services and equipment required by our customers on a timely basis within the Anadarko Basin of Western Oklahoma and the Texas Panhandle. Unit acquired SerDrilco Incorporated’s tax basis in the property acquired, so a deferred tax liability and goodwill of $10.9 million was recognized in the recording of the acquisition. The allocation of the total consideration paid and goodwill recognized for the acquisition prior to the subsequent earn-out provision calculations is as follows (in thousands):

 

Allocation of Total Consideration Paid and Goodwill Recognized:

      

Drilling rigs including tubulars

   $ 31,012

Spare drilling equipment

     904

Office, yard & yard equipment

     1,200

Trucking fleet

     1,486

Other vehicles

     398
    

Total cash consideration

     35,000

Goodwill recognized

     10,928
    

Total consideration paid and recognized

   $ 45,928
    

 

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Index to Financial Statements

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

On August 15, 2002, Unit completed the acquisition of CREC Rig Equipment Company and CDC Drilling Company (“Cactus Acquisition”). Both of these acquisitions were stock purchase transactions. Unit issued 6.8 million shares of common stock and paid $3.8 million for all the outstanding shares of CREC Rig Equipment Company and issued 400,252 shares of common stock and paid $686,947 for all the outstanding shares of CDC Drilling Company. The assets of the acquired companies included 20 drilling rigs, spare drilling equipment and vehicles. What we paid in both transactions was determined through arms-length negotiations between the parties and only the cash portion of the transaction appears in the investing and financing activities of Unit’s Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The results of operations for the acquired entities are included in the statement of operations for the period beginning August 15, 2002 and continuing through December 31, 2004.

 

Total consideration given in both the acquisitions was determined based on the equipment purchased, depth capacity of the rigs, the working condition of the rigs and the ability of the rigs to enhance Unit’s ability to provide services and equipment required by our customers on a timely basis within the Anadarko and Gulf Coast areas where the rigs are located. The calculation and allocation of the total consideration paid for the acquisition are as follows (in thousands except share and per share amounts):

 

Calculation of Consideration Paid:

      

Unit Corporation common stock (7,220,000 shares at $16.96556 per share)

   $ 122,491

Cash

     4,500
    

Total consideration

   $ 126,991
    

Allocation of Total Consideration Paid:

      

Drilling rigs

   $ 112,994

Spare drilling equipment

     3,500

Vehicles

     636

Deferred tax asset

     2,155

Goodwill

     7,706
    

Total consideration

   $ 126,991
    

 

Unaudited summary pro forma results of operations for Unit, reflecting the Cactus Acquisition as if it had occurred at the beginning of the year ended December 31, 2002 are as follows:

 

     Year Ended
December 31, 2002


     (In thousands
except per
share amounts)

Revenues

   $ 215,805
    

Net Income

   $ 15,320
    

Net Income per Common Share (Diluted)

   $ 0.34
    

 

The pro forma results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the actual results of operations that would have occurred had the purchase actually been made at the beginning of the respective periods nor of the results which may occur in the future.

 

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Index to Financial Statements

UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

NOTE 3—EARNINGS PER SHARE

 

The following data shows the amounts used in computing earnings per share.

 

     Income
(Numerator)


   Weighted
Shares
(Denominator)


   Per-Share
Amount


     (In thousands except per share amounts)

For the Year Ended December 31, 2004:

                  

Basic earnings per common share

   $ 90,275    45,717    $ 1.97

Effect of dilutive stock options

          217       
    

  
  

Diluted earnings per common share

   $ 90,275    45,934    $ 1.97
    

  
  

For the Year Ended December 31, 2003:

                  

Basic earnings per common share:

                  

Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

   $ 48,864    43,616    $ 1.12

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle net of income tax

     1,325    43,616      0.03
    

       

Net Income

   $ 50,189    43,616    $ 1.15
    

       

Diluted earnings per Common share:

                  

Weighted average number of common shares used in basic earnings per common share

          43,616       

Effect of dilutive stock options

          157       
           
      

Weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares used in diluted earnings per share

          43,773       
           
      

Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

   $ 48,864    43,773    $ 1.12

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle net of income tax

     1,325    43,773      0.03
    

       

Net Income

   $ 50,189    43,773    $ 1.15
    

       

For the Year Ended December 31, 2002:

                  

Basic earnings per common share

   $ 18,244    38,844    $ 0.47

Effect of dilutive stock options

          268       
    

  
  

Diluted earnings per common share

   $ 18,244    39,112    $ 0.47
    

  
  

 

The following options and their average exercise prices were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the option exercise prices were greater than the average market price of common shares for the years ended December 31,:

 

     2004

   2003

   2002

Options

     127,500      137,850      198,500
    

  

  

Average Exercise Price

   $ 37.83    $ 22.52    $ 19.01
    

  

  

 

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Index to Financial Statements

UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

NOTE 4—LONG-TERM DEBT AND OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES

 

Long-term debt consisted of the following as of December 31, 2004 and 2003:

 

     2004

   2003

     (In thousands)

Revolving Credit Loan, with Interest at December 31, 2004 and 2003 of 3.1% and 4.0%, Respectively

   $ 95,500    $ 400

Less Current Portion

     —        —  
    

  

Total Long-Term Debt

   $ 95,500    $ 400
    

  

 

On January 30, 2004, in conjunction with the company’s acquisition of PetroCorp Incorporated, the company replaced its credit agreement with a revolving $150.0 million credit facility having a four year term ending January 30, 2008. Borrowings under the new credit facility are limited to a commitment amount and the company has elected to have the full $150.0 million available as the commitment amount. The company pays a commitment fee of .375 of 1% for any unused portion of the commitment amount. The company incurred origination, agency and syndication fees of $515,000 at the inception of the new agreement, $40,000 of which will be paid annually and the remainder of the fees will be amortized over the four year life of the loan.

 

The borrowing base under the current credit facility is subject to re-determination on May 10 and November 10 of each year. Each re-determination is based primarily on the sum of a percentage of the discounted future value of the company’s oil and natural gas reserves, as determined by the banks. In addition, an amount representing a part of the value of the company’s drilling rig fleet, limited to $20.0 million, is added to the borrowing base. The agreement also allows for one requested special re-determination of the borrowing base (by either the lender or the company) between each scheduled re-determination date if conditions warrant such a request.

 

At the company’s election, any part of the outstanding debt may be fixed at a LIBOR Rate for a 30, 60, 90 or 180 day term. During any LIBOR Rate funding period the outstanding principal balance of the note to which such LIBOR Rate option applies may be repaid on three days prior notice to the administrative agent and subject to the payment of any applicable funding indemnification amounts. Interest on the LIBOR Rate is computed at the LIBOR Base Rate applicable for the interest period plus 1.00% to 1.50% depending on the level of debt as a percentage of the total loan value and payable at the end of each term or every 90 days whichever is less. Borrowings not under the LIBOR Rate bear interest at the JPMorgan Chase Prime Rate payable at the end of each month and the principal borrowed may be paid anytime in part or in whole without premium or penalty.

 

The credit agreement includes prohibitions against:

 

    the payment of dividends (other than stock dividends) during any fiscal year in excess of 25% of our consolidated net income for the preceding fiscal year,

 

    the incurrence of additional debt with certain limited exceptions, and

 

    the creation or existence of mortgages or liens, other than those in the ordinary course of business, on any of our property, except in favor of the company’s banks.

 

The credit agreement also requires that the company have at the end of each quarter:

 

    consolidated net worth of at least $350.0 million,

 

    a current ratio (as defined in the credit agreement) of not less than 1 to 1, and

 

    a leverage ratio of long-term debt to consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the credit agreement) for the most recently ended rolling four fiscal quarters of no greater than 3.25 to 1.0.

 

57


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Index to Financial Statements

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

On December 31, 2004, the company was in compliance with the covenants of its credit agreement.

 

Other long-term liabilities consisted of the following as of December 31, 2004 and 2003:

 

     2004

   2003

     (In thousands)

Separation Benefit Plan

   $ 2,821    $ 2,545

Deferred Compensation Plan

     2,111      1,829

Retirement Agreement

     1,240      1,349

Workers’ Compensation

     17,175      6,101

Gas Balancing Liability

     1,080      1,191

Plugging Liability

     19,135      11,994
    

  

       43,562      25,009

Less Current Portion

     5,837      7,116
    

  

Total Other Long-Term Liabilities

   $ 37,725    $ 17,893
    

  

 

Estimated annual principle payments under the terms of long-term debt and other long-term liabilities from 2005 through 2009 are $5.8 million, $4.6 million, $1.8 million, $97.8 million and $1.4 million. Based on the borrowing rates currently available to Unit for debt with similar terms and maturities, long-term debt at December 31, 2004 approximates its fair value.

 

NOTE 5—INCOME TAXES

 

A reconciliation of the income tax expense, computed by applying the federal statutory rate to pre-tax income to Unit’s effective income tax expense is as follows:

 

     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands)  

Income Tax Expense Computed by Applying the Statutory Rate

   $ 50,437     $ 27,213     $ 9,739  

State Income Tax, Net of Federal Benefit

     4,323       2,333       834  

Statutory Depletion and Other

     (930 )     (659 )     (1,021 )
    


 


 


Income tax expense

   $ 53,830     $ 28,887     $ 9,552  
    


 


 


 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the following at December 31, 2004 and 2003:

 

     2004

    2003

 
     (In thousands)  

Deferred Tax Assets:

                

Allowance for losses and nondeductible accruals

   $ 15,228     $ 9,972  

Net operating loss carryforward

     7,392       20,745  

Statutory depletion carryforward

     4,786       4,476  

Alternative minimum tax credit Carryforward

     6,410       395  
    


 


       33,816       35,588  

Deferred Tax Liability:

                

Depreciation, depletion and Amortization

     (233,058 )     (159,990 )
    


 


Net deferred tax liability

     (199,242 )     (124,402 )

Current Deferred Tax Asset

     5,224       2,651  
    


 


Non-Current—Deferred Tax Liability

   $ (204,466 )   $ (127,053 )
    


 


 

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Index to Financial Statements

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Realization of the deferred tax asset is dependent on generating sufficient future taxable income. Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be realized. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near-term if estimates of future taxable income are reduced.

 

At December 31, 2004, Unit has an excess statutory depletion carryforward of approximately $12.6 million, which may be carried forward indefinitely and is available to reduce future taxable income, subject to statutory limitations. At December 31, 2004, Unit has net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $19.5 million which expire from 2006 to 2023.

 

NOTE 6—EMPLOYEE BENEFIT AND COMPENSATION PLANS

 

In December 1984, the Board of Directors approved the adoption of an Employee Stock Bonus Plan (“the Plan”) whereby 330,950 shares of common stock were authorized for issuance under the Plan. On May 3, 1995, Unit’s shareholders approved and amended the Plan to increase by 250,000 shares the aggregate number of shares of common stock that could be issued under the Plan. Under the terms of the Plan, bonuses may be granted to employees in either cash or stock or a combination thereof, and are payable in a lump sum or in annual installments subject to certain restrictions. No shares were issued under the Plan in 2002, 2003 and 2004.

 

Unit also has a Stock Option Plan (the “Option Plan”), which provides for the granting of options for up to 2,700,000 shares of common stock to officers and employees. The Option Plan permits the issuance of qualified or nonqualified stock options. Options granted typically become exercisable at the rate of 20% per year one year after being granted and expire after 10 years from the original grant date. The exercise price for options granted under this plan is the fair market value of the common stock on the date of the grant.

 

Activity pertaining to the Stock Option Plan is as follows:

 

     Number of
Shares


    Weighted
Average
Exercise Price


Outstanding at January 1, 2002

   532,100     $ 8.09

Granted

   160,000       19.03

Exercised

   (59,400 )     5.67
    

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2002

   632,700       11.08

Granted

   116,850       22.89

Exercised

   (202,900 )     5.94

Cancelled

   (9,900 )     15.41
    

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2003

   536,750       15.52

Granted

   134,500       37.23

Exercised

   (101,800 )     7.84

Cancelled

   (15,700 )     18.66
    

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2004

   553,750     $ 22.11
    

 

 

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Index to Financial Statements

UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

     Outstanding Options at
December 31, 2004


Exercise Prices


   Number of
Shares


   Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Life


   Weighted
Average
Exercise Price


        $3.75

   42,100    4.0 years    $ 3.75

        $8.75

   28,000    2.0 years    $ 8.75

$14.06 – $19.04

   236,300    7.1 years    $ 18.00

$21.50 – $26.28

   119,850    9.0 years    $ 23.08

$37.72 – $37.83

   127,500    10.0 years    $ 37.83

 

     Exercisable Options At
December 31, 2004


Exercise Prices


   Number of
Shares


   Weighted
Average
Exercise Price


        $3.75

   42,100    $ 3.75

        $8.75

   28,000    $ 8.75

$14.06 – $19.04

   133,500    $ 17.60

$21.50 – $26.28

   22,570    $ 22.89

$37.72 – $37.83

   —      $ —  

 

Options for 226,170, 256,300 and 355,100 shares were exercisable with weighted average exercise prices of $14.46, $5.32 and $7.28 at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

 

In February and May 1992, the Board of Directors and shareholders, respectively, approved the Unit Corporation Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan (the “Old Plan”) and in February and May 2000, the Board of Directors and shareholders, respectively, approved the Unit Corporation 2000 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan (the “Directors’ Plan”). Under the Directors’ Plan, which replaced the Old Plan, an aggregate of 300,000 shares of Unit’s common stock may be issued upon exercise of the stock options. Under the Old Plan, on the first business day following each annual meeting of stockholders of Unit, each person who was then a member of the Board of Directors of Unit and who was not then an employee of Unit or any of its subsidiaries was granted an option to purchase 2,500 shares of common stock. Under the Directors’ Plan, commencing with the year 2000 annual meeting, the amount granted has been increased to 3,500 shares of common stock. The option price for each stock option is the fair market value of the common stock on the date the stock options are granted. No stock options may be exercised during the first six months of its term except in case of death and no stock options are exercisable after 10 years from the date of grant.

 

Activity pertaining to the Directors’ Plan is as follows:

 

     Number of
Shares


    Weighted
Average
Exercise Price


Outstanding at January 1, 2002

   75,500     $ 9.58

Granted

   21,000       20.10

Exercised

   (2,500 )     1.75
    

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2002

   94,000       12.14

Granted

   21,000       20.46

Exercised

   (34,500 )     7.73
    

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2003

   80,500       16.19

Granted

   24,500       28.23

Exercised

   (11,000 )     8.24
    

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2004

   94,000     $ 20.27
    

 

 

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Index to Financial Statements

UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

     Outstanding and Exercisable
Options at December 31, 2004


Exercise Prices


   Number of
Shares


   Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Life


   Weighted
Average
Exercise Price


$  6.87 – $  9.00

   10,000    3.3 years    $ 7.42

$12.19 – $17.54

   17,500    6.1 years    $ 16.47

$20.10 – $20.46

   42,000    7.8 years    $ 20.28

        $28.23

   24,500    9.3 years    $ 28.23

 

Under Unit’s 401(k) Employee Thrift Plan, employees who meet specified service requirements may contribute a percentage of their total compensation, up to a specified maximum, to the plan. Unit may match each employee’s contribution, up to a specified maximum, in full or on a partial basis. Unit made discretionary contributions under the plan of 56,152 , 61,175 and 87,452 shares of common stock and recognized expense of $1.6 million, $1.4 million and $1.1 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

 

Unit provides a salary deferral plan (“Deferral Plan”) which allows participants to defer the recognition of salary for income tax purposes until actual distribution of benefits which occurs at either termination of employment, death or certain defined unforeseeable emergency hardships. Funds set aside in a trust to satisfy Unit’s obligation under the Deferral Plan at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 totaled $2.1 million, $1.8 million and $1.4 million, respectively. Unit recognizes payroll expense and records a liability at the time of deferral.

 

Effective January 1, 1997, Unit adopted a separation benefit plan (“Separation Plan”). The Separation Plan allows eligible employees whose employment with Unit is involuntarily terminated or, in the case of an employee who has completed 20 years of service, voluntarily or involuntarily terminated, to receive benefits equivalent to four weeks salary for every whole year of service completed with Unit up to a maximum of 104 weeks. To receive payments the recipient must waive any claims against Unit in exchange for receiving the separation benefits. On October 28, 1997, Unit adopted a Separation Benefit Plan for Senior Management (“Senior Plan”). The Senior Plan provides certain officers and key executives of Unit with benefits generally equivalent to the Separation Plan. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has absolute discretion in the selection of the individuals covered in this plan. Unit recognized expense of $707,000, $707,000 and $619,000 in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, for benefits associated with anticipated payments from both separation plans.

 

Unit has entered into key employee change of control contracts with five of its current executive officers. These severance contracts have an initial three-year term that is automatically extended for one year upon each anniversary, unless a notice not to extend is given by Unit. If a change of control of the company, as defined in the contracts, occurs during the term of the severance contract, then the contract becomes operative for a fixed three-year period. The severance contracts generally provide that the executive’s terms and conditions for employment (including position, work location, compensation and benefits) will not be adversely changed during the three-year period after a change of control. If the executive’s employment is terminated (other than for cause, death or disability), the executive terminates for good reason during such three-year period, or the executive terminates employment for any reason during the 30-day period following the first anniversary of the change of control, and upon certain terminations prior to a change of control or in connection with or in anticipation of a change of control, the executive is generally entitled to receive, in addition to certain other benefits, any earned but unpaid compensation; up to 2.9 times the executive’s base salary plus annual bonus (based on historic annual bonus); and the company matching contributions that would have been made had the executive continued to participate in the company’s 401(k) plan for up to an additional three years.

 

The severance contract provides that the executive is entitled to receive a payment in an amount sufficient to make the executive whole for any excise tax on excess parachute payments imposed under Section 4999 of the

 

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Index to Financial Statements

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Code. As a condition to receipt of these severance benefits, the executive must remain in the employ of the company prior to change of control and render services commensurate with his position.

 

NOTE 7—TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES

 

Unit Petroleum Company serves as the general partner of 11 oil and gas limited partnerships. Four were formed for investment by third parties and seven (the employee partnerships) were formed to allow employees of Unit and its subsidiaries and directors of Unit to participate in Unit Petroleum’s oil and gas exploration and production operations. The partnerships for the third party investments were formed in 1984, 1985 and 1986. An additional third party partnership, the 1979 Oil and Gas Limited Partnership was dissolved on July 1, 2003. Employee partnerships have been formed for each year beginning with 1984. Interests in the employee partnerships were offered to the employees of Unit and its subsidiaries whose annual base compensation was at least a specified amount ($36,000 for both 2005 and 2004 and $22,680 for 2003) and to the directors of Unit.

 

The employee partnerships formed in 1984 through 1990 were consolidated into a single consolidating partnership in 1993 and the employee partnerships formed in 1991 through 1999 were also consolidated into the consolidating partnership in 2002. The consolidation of the 1991 through the 1999 employee partnerships at the end of last year was done by the general partners under the authority contained in the respective partnership agreements and did not involve any vote, consent or approval by the limited partners. The employee partnerships have each had a set percentage (ranging from 1% to 15%) of our interest in most of the oil and natural gas wells we drill or acquire for our own account during the particular year for which the partnership was formed. The total interest the employees have in our oil and natural gas wells by participating in these partnerships does not exceed one percent.

 

Amounts received in the years ended December 31 from both public and private Partnerships for which Unit is a general partner are as follows:

 

     2004

   2003

   2002

     (In thousands)

Contract Drilling

   $ 262    $ 428    $ 209

Well Supervision and Other Fees

   $ 259    $ 236    $ 510

General and Administrative

                    

Expense Reimbursement

   $ 225    $ 209    $ 210

 

Related party transactions for contract drilling and well supervision fees are the related party’s share of such costs. These costs are billed to related parties on the same basis as billings to unrelated parties for such services. General and administrative reimbursements are both direct general and administrative expense incurred on the related party’s behalf and indirect expenses allocated to the related parties. Such allocations are based on the related party’s level of activity and are considered by management to be reasonable.

 

In July 2004, Unit completed its acquisition of the 60% of Superior Pipeline Company LLC (“Superior”) it did not already own for $19.8 million. Superior is a mid-stream company engaged primarily in the purchasing, gathering, processing and treating of natural gas. Prior to the acquisition Unit owned a 40% equity interest in Superior. The investment, including Unit’s share of the equity in the earnings of this company, totaled $3.0 million at December 31, 2003 and was reported in other assets in Unit’s consolidated balance sheet. During 2004, Superior Pipeline Company LLC purchased $1.8 million of our natural gas production and paid $53,000 for our natural gas liquids.

 

62


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Index to Financial Statements

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

On August 2, 2004, Unit completed the sale of its 16.7% limited partner interest in Eagle Energy Partners I, L.P. Eagle is engaged in the purchase and sale of natural gas, electricity (or similar electricity based products), future commodities, and the performance of scheduling and nomination services for both energy related commodities and similar energy management functions. Unit increased its sales to Eagle Energy Partners I LP since it first starting selling natural gas to them in August, 2003. For the period August through December 2003 Eagle has purchased 16% of Unit’s oil and natural gas revenues. Total purchases by Eagle Energy Partnership I, L.P., which are competitively marketed, accounted for 55% of Unit’s oil and natural gas revenues in 2004.

 

NOTE 8—SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN

 

Unit maintains a Shareholder Rights Plan (the “Plan”) designed to deter coercive or unfair takeover tactics, to prevent a person or group from gaining control of Unit without offering fair value to all shareholders and to deter other abusive takeover tactics, which are not in the best interest of shareholders.

 

Under the terms of the Plan, each share of common stock is accompanied by one right, which given certain acquisition and business combination criteria, entitles the shareholder to purchase from Unit one one-hundredth of a newly issued share of Series A Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock at a price subject to adjustment by Unit or to purchase from an acquiring company certain shares of its common stock or the surviving company’s common stock at 50% of its value.

 

The rights become exercisable 10 days after Unit learns that an acquiring person (as defined in the Plan) has acquired 15% or more of the outstanding common stock of Unit or 10 business days after the commencement of a tender offer, which would result in a person owning 15% or more of such shares. Unit can redeem the rights for $0.01 per right at any date prior to the earlier of (i) the close of business on the 10th day following the time Unit learns that a person has become an acquiring person or (ii) May 19, 2005 (the “Expiration Date”). The rights will expire on the Expiration Date, unless redeemed earlier by Unit.

 

NOTE 9—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

Unit leases office space in Tulsa and Woodward, Oklahoma and Houston and Midland, Texas under the terms of operating leases expiring through January 31, 2010. Additionally, we have several equipment leases and lease space on short-term commitments to stack excess rig equipment and production inventory. Future minimum rental payments under the terms of the leases are approximately $1,167,000, $1,156,000, $773,000, $549,000 and $541,000 in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. Total rent expense incurred by the Company was $839,000, $752,000 and $678,000 in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

 

The Unit 1984 Oil and Gas Limited Partnership and the 1986 Energy Income Limited Partnership agreements along with the employee oil and gas limited partnerships require, upon the election of a limited partner, that Unit repurchase the limited partner’s interest at amounts to be determined by appraisal in the future. Such repurchases in any one year are limited to 20% of the units outstanding. Unit made repurchases of $14,000 in 2004, $106,000 in 2003 and $1,000 in 2002 for such limited partners’ interests.

 

Unit manages its exposure to environmental liabilities on properties to be acquired by identifying existing problems and assessing the potential liability. The Company also conducts periodic reviews, on a company-wide basis, to identify changes in its environmental risk profile. These reviews evaluate whether there is a probable liability, its amount, and the likelihood that the liability will be incurred. The amount of any potential liability is determined by considering, among other matters, incremental direct costs of any likely remediation and the proportionate cost of employees who are expected to devote a significant amount of time directly to any possible

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

remediation effort. As it relates to evaluations of purchased properties, depending on the extent of an identified environmental problem, the Company may exclude a property from the acquisition, require the seller to remediate the property to Unit’s satisfaction, or agree to assume liability for the remediation of the property.

 

We have not historically experienced any environmental liability while being a contract driller since the greatest portion of risk is borne by the operator. Any liabilities we have incurred have been small and have been resolved while the rig is on the location and the cost has been included in the direct cost of drilling the well.

 

Unit is a party to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of its business none of which, in management’s opinion, will result in judgments which would have a material adverse effect on Unit’s financial position, operating results or cash flows.

 

NOTE 10—INDUSTRY SEGMENT INFORMATION

 

Unit has three business segments: Contract Drilling, Oil and Natural Gas and Gas Gathering and Processing, representing its three main business units offering different products and services. The Contract Drilling segment is engaged in the land contract drilling of oil and natural gas wells, the Oil and Natural Gas segment is engaged in the development, acquisition and production of oil and natural gas properties and the Gas Gathering and Processing segment is engaged in the purchasing, gathering, processing and treating of natural gas.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Note 1). Management evaluates the performance of Unit’s operating segments based on operating income, which is defined as operating revenues less operating expenses and depreciation, depletion and amortization. Unit has natural gas production in Canada, which is not significant.

 

     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands)  

Revenues:

                        

Contract drilling

   $ 309,372     $ 188,832     $ 119,014  

Elimination of inter-segment revenue

     11,168       5,686       841  
    


 


 


Contract drilling net of inter-segment revenue

     298,204       183,146       118,173  
    


 


 


Oil and natural gas

     185,017       116,609       67,959  
    


 


 


Gas gathering and processing

     33,358       1,329       779  

Elimination of inter-segment revenue

     3,641       723       422  
    


 


 


Gas gathering and processing net of inter-segment revenue

     29,717       606       357  
    


 


 


Other

     6,265       1,016       903  
    


 


 


Total revenues

   $ 519,203     $ 301,377     $ 187,392  
    


 


 


Operating Income (1):

                        

Contract drilling

   $ 53,633     $ 20,740     $ 12,151  

Oil and natural gas

     96,197       64,313       23,826  

Gas gathering and processing

     1,717       81       (144 )
    


 


 


Total operating income

     151,547       85,134       35,833  

General and administrative expense

     (11,987 )     (9,222 )     (8,712 )

Interest expense

     (2,695 )     (693 )     (973 )

Other income (expense)—net

     6,265       1,016       903  
    


 


 


Income before income taxes

   $ 143,130     $ 76,235     $ 27,051  
    


 


 


Identifiable Asset (2):

                        

Contract drilling

   $ 454,393     $ 364,855     $ 299,655  

Oil and natural gas

     512,909       327,172       261,440  

Gas gathering and processing

     41,250       4,153       1,349  
    


 


 


Total identifiable assets

     1,008,552       696,180       562,444  

Corporate assets

     14,584       16,745       15,719  
    


 


 


Total assets

   $ 1,023,136     $ 712,925     $ 578,163  
    


 


 


Capital Expenditures:

                        

Contract drilling

   $ 98,437 (3)   $ 71,899 (5)   $ 139,298 (7)

Oil and natural gas

     215,074 (4)     80,883 (6)     58,778  

Gas gathering and processing

     31,785       3,238       75  

Other

     3,581       702       441  
    


 


 


Total capital expenditures

   $ 348,877     $ 156,722     $ 198,592  
    


 


 


Depreciation, Depletion, Amortization and Impairment:

                        

Contract drilling

   $ 33,659     $ 23,644     $ 14,684  

Oil and natural gas

     47,517       27,343       23,338  

Gas gathering and processing

     982       176       105  

Other

     867       620       530  
    


 


 


Total depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment

   $ 83,025     $ 51,783     $ 38,657  
    


 


 


 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 


(1) Operating income is total operating revenues less operating expenses, depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment and does not include non-operating revenues, general corporate expenses, interest expense or income taxes.

 

(2) Identifiable assets are those used in Unit’s operations in each industry segment. Corporate assets are principally cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, corporate leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment.

 

(3) Includes $4.9 million for goodwill acquired in the Sauer acquisition and $1.9 million for goodwill from the SerDrilco earn-out agreement.

 

(4) Includes $26.3 million for deferred tax on assets acquired.

 

(5) Includes $10.9 million for goodwill.

 

(6) Includes $7.6 million for capitalized cost relating to plugging liability recorded in 2003.

 

(7) Includes $7.7 million for goodwill and $2.2 million for deferred tax assets.

 

NOTE 11—SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)

 

Summarized quarterly financial information for 2004 and 2003 is as follows:

 

     Three Months Ended

     March 31

   June 30

   September 30

   December 31

     (In thousands except per share amounts)

Year Ended December 31, 2004:

                           

Revenues

   $ 101,610    $ 114,028    $ 143,350    $ 160,215
    

  

  

  

Gross profit (1)

   $ 27,375    $ 35,313    $ 39,043    $ 49,816
    

  

  

  

Income before income taxes and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

   $ 24,563    $ 32,222    $ 39,737    $ 46,608
    

  

  

  

Net income

   $ 15,509    $ 20,185    $ 24,647    $ 29,934
    

  

  

  

Net income per common share:

                           

Basic

   $ 0.34    $ 0.44    $ 0.54    $ 0.65
    

  

  

  

Diluted

   $ 0.34    $ 0.44    $ 0.54    $ 0.65
    

  

  

  

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

     Three Months Ended

     March 31

   June 30

   September 30

   December 31

     (In thousands except per share amounts)

Year Ended December 31, 2003:

                           

Revenues

   $ 68,460    $ 72,498    $ 77,800    $ 82,619
    

  

  

  

Gross profit (1)

   $ 22,517    $ 20,298    $ 22,344    $ 19,975
    

  

  

  

Income before income taxes and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

   $ 20,211    $ 18,332    $ 20,142    $ 17,550
    

  

  

  

Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

   $ 12,659    $ 11,691    $ 12,763    $ 11,751
    

  

  

  

Net income (2)

   $ 13,984    $ 11,691    $ 12,763    $ 11,751
    

  

  

  

Earnings before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle per common share:

                           

Basic

   $ 0.29    $ 0.27    $ 0.29    $ 0.27
    

  

  

  

Diluted

   $ 0.29    $ 0.27    $ 0.29    $ 0.27
    

  

  

  

Net income per common share:

                           

Basic

   $ 0.32    $ 0.27    $ 0.29    $ 0.27
    

  

  

  

Diluted

   $ 0.32    $ 0.27    $ 0.29    $ 0.27
    

  

  

  


(1) Gross profit excludes other revenues, general and administrative expense and interest expense.

 

(2) The net income for the three months ended December 31, 2003 includes a tax benefit of $0.8 million relating primarily to an increase in the estimated amount of statutory depletion carryforward.

 

NOTE 12—SUBSEQUENT EVENT

 

On January 5, 2005 Unit acquired a subsidiary of Strata Drilling LLC for $10.5 million in cash. With this acquisition Unit acquired two drilling rigs as well as spare parts, inventory, drill pipe, and other major rig components. The two rigs are 1,500 horsepower, diesel electric rigs with the capacity to drill 12,000 to 20,000 feet. One rig is currently operating under contract and the other rig will require approximately $2.0 million in expenditures to complete. The latter rig should be fully operational within 90 days. Both rigs will be in our Rocky Mountain Division.

 

The preliminary allocation of the total consideration paid for the acquisition is as follows (in thousands):

 

Rigs

   $ 5,712

Spare Drilling Equipment

     2,715

Drill Pipe and Collars

     932

Goodwill

     1,106
    

Total consideration

   $ 10,465
    

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION

 

The capitalized costs at year end and costs incurred during the year were as follows:

 

     USA

    Canada

    Total

 
     (In thousands)  

2002:

                        

Capitalized costs:

                        

Proved properties

   $ 448,331     $ 895     $ 449,226  

Unproved properties

     15,692       332       16,024  
    


 


 


       464,023       1,227       465,250  

Accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment

     (218,956 )     (520 )     (219,476 )
    


 


 


Net capitalized costs

   $ 245,067     $ 707     $ 245,774  
    


 


 


Cost incurred:

                        

Unproved properties acquired

   $ 5,330     $ 152     $ 5,482  

Proved properties acquired

     13,379       —         13,379  

Exploration

     6,591       —         6,591  

Development

     33,319       7       33,326  
    


 


 


Total costs incurred

   $ 58,619     $ 159     $ 58,778  
    


 


 


2003:

                        

Capitalized costs:

                        

Proved properties

   $ 527,196     $ 914     $ 528,110  

Unproved properties

     17,149       337       17,486  
    


 


 


       544,345       1,251       545,596  

Accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment

     (240,047 )     (540 )     (240,587 )
    


 


 


Net capitalized costs

   $ 304,298     $ 711     $ 305,009  
    


 


 


Cost incurred:

                        

Unproved properties acquired

   $ 8,611     $ 19     $ 8,630  

Proved properties acquired

     2,557       —         2,557  

Exploration

     7,071       —         7,071  

Development (1)

     62,620       5       62,625  
    


 


 


Total costs incurred

   $ 80,859     $ 24     $ 80,883  
    


 


 


2004:

                        

Capitalized costs:

                        

Proved properties

   $ 730,629     $ 993     $ 731,622  

Unproved properties

     27,842       328       28,170  
    


 


 


       758,471       1,321       759,792  

Accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment

     (287,160 )     (636 )     (287,796 )
    


 


 


Net capitalized costs

   $ 471,311     $ 685     $ 471,996  
    


 


 


Cost incurred:

                        

Unproved properties acquired

   $ 17,165     $ 5     $ 17,170  

Proved properties acquired

     108,191       —         108,191  

Exploration

     8,068       —         8,068  

Development

     81,580       65       81,645  
    


 


 


Total costs incurred

   $ 215,004     $ 70     $ 215,074  
    


 


 



(1) Includes $7.0 million of capitalized cost for plugging liability recorded in the first quarter of 2003 for wells drilled in prior years.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The following table shows a summary of the oil and natural gas property costs not being amortized at December 31, 2004, by the year in which such costs were incurred.

 

     2004

   2003

   2002

   2001
and Prior


   Total

     (In thousands)

Undeveloped Leasehold Acquired

   $ 15,622    $ 6,369    $ 2,415    $ 3,764    $ 28,170
    

  

  

  

  

 

Unproved properties not subject to amortization relates to properties which are not individually significant and consist primarily of lease acquisition costs. The evaluation process associated with these properties has not been completed and therefore, the company is unable to estimate when these costs will be included in the amortization calculation.

 

The results of operations for producing activities are provided below.

 

     USA

    Canada

    Total

 
     (In thousands)  

2002:

                        

Revenues

   $ 64,534     $ 87     $ 64,621  

Production costs

     (17,300 )     (25 )     (17,325 )

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

     (22,685 )     (45 )     (22,730 )
    


 


 


       24,549       17       24,566  

Income tax expense

     (8,436 )     (5 )     (8,441 )
    


 


 


Results of operations for producing activities (excluding corporate overhead and financing costs)

   $ 16,113     $ 12     $ 16,125  
    


 


 


2003:

                        

Revenues

   $ 114,398     $ 171     $ 114,569  

Production costs

     (21,366 )     (21 )     (21,387 )

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

     (27,059 )     (20 )     (27,079 )
    


 


 


       65,973       130       66,103  

Income tax expense

     (24,508 )     (41 )     (24,549 )
    


 


 


Results of operations for producing activities (excluding corporate overhead and financing costs)

   $ 41,465     $ 89     $ 41,554  
    


 


 


2004:

                        

Revenues

   $ 181,640     $ 435     $ 182,075  

Production costs

     (36,125 )     (38 )     (36,163 )

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

     (47,114 )     (96 )     (47,210 )
    


 


 


       98,401       301       98,702  

Income tax expense

     (36,752 )     (95 )     (36,847 )
    


 


 


Results of operations for producing activities (excluding corporate overhead and financing costs)

   $ 61,649     $ 206     $ 61,855  
    


 


 


 

The DD&A rate for Unit’s United States properties was $1.42, $1.14 and $1.04 per equivalent Mcf in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The DD&A rate for Canada was $0.69, $0.51 and $1.11 per equivalent Mcf in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Estimated quantities of proved developed oil and natural gas reserves and changes in net quantities of proved developed and undeveloped oil and natural gas reserves were as follows (unaudited):

 

     USA

    Canada

    Total

 
     Oil
Bbls


    Natural
Gas Mcf


    Oil
Bbls


   Natural
Gas
Mcf


    Oil
Bbls


    Natural
Gas Mcf


 
     (In thousands)  

2002:

                                   

Proved developed and undeveloped reserves:

                                   

Beginning of year

   4,343     227,865     —      389     4,343     228,254  

Revision of previous estimates

   (166 )   (10,543 )   —      (31 )   (166 )   (10,574 )

Extensions, discoveries and other additions

   230     29,541     —      —       230     29,541  

Purchases of minerals in place

   192     16,558     —      —       192     16,558  

Sales of minerals in place

   (30 )   —       —      —       (30 )   —    

Production

   (473 )   (18,927 )   —      (41 )   (473 )   (18,968 )
    

 

 
  

 

 

End of Year

   4,096     244,494     —      317     4,096     244,811  
    

 

 
  

 

 

Proved developed reserves:

                                   

Beginning of year

   2,753     150,419     —      338     2,753     150,757  

End of year

   2,951     168,049     —      317     2,951     168,366  

2003:

                                   

Proved developed and undeveloped reserves:

                                   

Beginning of year

   4,096     244,494     —      317     4,096     244,811  

Revision of previous estimates

   629     (10,510 )   —      371     629     (10,139 )

Extensions, discoveries and other additions

   1,000     39,762     —      —       1,000     39,762  

Purchases of minerals in place

   8     437     —      —       8     437  

Sales of minerals in place

   (76 )   (31 )   —      —       (76 )   (31 )

Production

   (516 )   (20,610 )   —      (38 )   (516 )   (20,648 )
    

 

 
  

 

 

End of Year

   5,141     253,542     —      650     5,141     254,192  
    

 

 
  

 

 

Proved developed reserves:

                                   

Beginning of year

   2,951     168,049     —      317     2,951     168,366  

End of year

   3,984     182,203     —      650     3,984     182,853  

2004:

                                   

Proved developed and undeveloped reserves:

                                   

Beginning of year

   5,141     253,542     —      650     5,141     254,192  

Revision of previous estimates

   1,230     (10,035 )   —      (251 )   1,230     (10,286 )

Extensions, discoveries and other additions

   512     38,402     —      —       512     38,402  

Purchases of minerals in place

   2,743     40,275     —      —       2,743     40,275  

Sales of minerals in place

   (17 )   (28 )   —      —       (17 )   (28 )

Production

   (1,048 )   (27,010 )   —      (139 )   (1,048 )   (27,149 )
    

 

 
  

 

 

End of Year

   8,561     295,146     —      260     8,561     295,406  
    

 

 
  

 

 

Proved developed reserves:

                                   

Beginning of year

   3,984     182,203     —      650     3,984     182,853  

End of year

   7,030     223,351     —      260     7,030     223,611  

(1) Oil includes natural gas liquids in barrels.

 

Oil and natural gas reserves cannot be measured exactly. Estimates of oil and natural gas reserves require extensive judgments of reservoir engineering data and are generally less precise than other estimates made in

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

connection with financial disclosures. Unit utilizes Ryder Scott Company, independent petroleum consultants, to review its reserves as prepared by its reservoir engineers.

 

Proved oil and gas reserves, as defined in SEC Rule 4-10(a), are the estimated quantities of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions, i.e., prices and costs as of the date the estimate is made. Prices include consideration of changes in existing prices provided only by contractual arrangements, but not on escalations based upon future conditions.

 

Reservoirs are considered proved if economic producibility is supported by either actual production or conclusive formation test. The area of a reservoir considered proved includes:

 

    that portion delineated by drilling and defined by gas-oil and/or oil-water contacts, if any; and

 

    the immediately adjoining portions not yet drilled, but which can be reasonably judged as economically productive on the basis of available geological and engineering data. In the absence of information on fluid contacts, the lowest known structural occurrence of hydrocarbons controls the lower proved limit of the reservoir.

 

Reserves which can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (such as fluid injection) are included in the “proved” classification when successful testing by a pilot project, or the operation of an installed program in the reservoir, provides support for the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based.

 

Estimates of proved reserves do not include the following:

 

    oil that may become available from known reservoirs but is classified separately as “indicated additional reserves”;

 

    crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids, the recovery of which is subject to reasonable doubt because of uncertainty as to geology, reservoir characteristics, or economic factors;

 

    crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids, that may occur in undrilled prospects; and

 

    crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids, that may be recovered from oil shales, coal, gilsonite and other such sources.

 

Proved developed oil and gas reserves are reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods. Additional oil and gas expected to be obtained through the application of fluid injection or other improved recovery techniques for supplementing the natural forces and mechanisms of primary recovery should be included as “proved developed reserves” only after testing by a pilot project or after the operation of an installed program has confirmed through production response that increased recovery will be achieved.

 

Proved undeveloped oil and gas reserves are reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion. Reserves on undrilled acreage shall be limited to those drilling units offsetting productive units that are reasonably certain of production when drilled. Proved reserves for other undrilled units can be claimed only where it can be demonstrated with certainty that there is continuity of production from the existing productive formation. Under no circumstances should estimates for proved undeveloped reserves be attributable to any acreage for which an application of fluid injection or other improved recovery technique is contemplated, unless such techniques have been proved effective by actual tests in the area and in the same reservoir.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Estimates of oil and natural gas reserves require extensive judgments of reservoir engineering data as previously explained. Assigning monetary values to such estimates does not reduce the subjectivity and changing nature of such reserve estimates. Indeed the uncertainties inherent in the disclosure are compounded by applying additional estimates of the rates and timing of production and the costs that will be incurred in developing and producing the reserves. The information set forth herein is, therefore, subjective and, since judgments are involved, may not be comparable to estimates submitted by other oil and natural gas producers. In addition, since prices and costs do not remain static and no price or cost escalations or de-escalations have been considered, the results are not necessarily indicative of the estimated fair market value of estimated proved reserves nor of estimated future cash flows.

 

The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows (“SMOG”) was calculated using year-end prices and costs, and year-end statutory tax rates, adjusted for permanent differences, that relate to existing proved oil and natural gas reserves. SMOG as of December 31 is as follows (unaudited):

 

     USA

    Canada

    Total

 
     (In thousands)  

2002:

                        

Future cash flows

   $ 1,256,434     $ 1,400     $ 1,257,834  

Future production costs

     (320,940 )     (309 )     (321,249 )

Future development costs

     (65,266 )     —         (65,266 )

Future income tax expenses

     (250,413 )     (233 )     (250,646 )
    


 


 


Future net cash flows

     619,815       858       620,673  

10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows

     (275,015 )     (344 )     (275,359 )
    


 


 


Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves

   $ 344,800     $ 514     $ 345,314  
    


 


 


2003:

                        

Future cash flows

   $ 1,548,785     $ 3,500     $ 1,552,285  

Future production costs

     (418,007 )     (581 )     (418,588 )

Future development costs

     (72,891 )     —         (72,891 )

Future income tax expenses

     (313,827 )     (805 )     (314,632 )
    


 


 


Future net cash flows

     744,060       2,114       746,174  

10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows

     (325,182 )     (738 )     (325,920 )
    


 


 


Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves

   $ 418,878     $ 1,376     $ 420,254  
    


 


 


2004:

                        

Future cash flows

   $ 1,987,064     $ 1,467     $ 1,988,531  

Future production costs

     (515,392 )     (325 )     (515,717 )

Future development costs

     (94,590 )     —         (94,590 )

Future income tax expenses

     (469,833 )     (250 )     (470,083 )
    


 


 


Future net cash flows

     907,249       892       908,141  

10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows

     (386,233 )     (296 )     (386,529 )
    


 


 


Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves

   $ 521,016     $ 596     $ 521,612  
    


 


 


 

72


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Index to Financial Statements

UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The principal sources of changes in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows were as follows (unaudited):

 

     USA

    Canada

    Total

 
     (In thousands)  

2002:

                        

Sales and transfers of oil and natural gas produced, net of production costs

   $ (47,230 )   $ (62 )   $ (47,292 )

Net changes in prices and production costs

     230,934       363       231,297  

Revisions in quantity estimates and changes in production timing

     (49,000 )     (110 )     (49,110 )

Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery, less related costs

     60,957       —         60,957  

Changes in estimated future development cost

     1,743       —         1,743  

Previously estimated cost incurred during the period

     9,911       30       9,941  

Purchases of minerals in place

     23,334       —         23,334  

Sales of minerals in place

     (150 )     —         (150 )

Accretion of discount

     23,080       39       23,119  

Net change in income taxes

     (84,843 )     (59 )     (84,902 )

Other—net

     (1,213 )     7       (1,206 )
    


 


 


Net change

     167,523       208       167,731  

Beginning of year

     177,277       306       177,583  
    


 


 


End of year

   $ 344,800     $ 514     $ 345,314  
    


 


 


2003:

                        

Sales and transfers of oil and natural gas produced, net of production costs

   $ (93,948 )   $ (150 )   $ (94,098 )

Net changes in prices and production costs

     65,611       195       65,806  

Revisions in quantity estimates and changes in production timing

     (14,637 )     1,007       (13,630 )

Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery, less related costs

     113,421       —         113,421  

Changes in estimated future development cost

     (5,356 )     —         (5,356 )

Previously estimated cost incurred during the period

     15,664       —         15,664  

Purchases of minerals in place

     881       —         881  

Sales of minerals in place

     (837 )     —         (837 )

Accretion of discount

     48,317       66       48,383  

Net change in income taxes

     (38,950 )     (386 )     (39,336 )

Other—net

     (16,088 )     130       (15,958 )
    


 


 


Net change

     74,078       862       74,940  

Beginning of year

     344,800       514       345,314  
    


 


 


End of year

   $ 418,878     $ 1,376     $ 420,254  
    


 


 


 

73


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Index to Financial Statements

UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

     USA

    Canada

    Total

 
     (In thousands)  

2004:

                        

Sales and transfers of oil and natural gas produced, net of production costs

   $ (145,265 )   $ (647 )   $ (145,912 )

Net changes in prices and production costs

     39,017       (3 )     39,014  

Revisions in quantity estimates and changes in production timing

     (6,267 )     (721 )     (6,988 )

Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery, less related costs

     116,362       —         116,362  

Changes in estimated future development cost

     (6,604 )     —         (6,604 )

Previously estimated cost incurred during the period

     15,655       —         15,655  

Purchases of minerals in place

     132,960       —         132,960  

Sales of minerals in place

     (226 )     —         (226 )

Accretion of discount

     59,619       191       59,810  

Net change in income taxes

     (87,961 )     354       (87,607 )

Other—net

     (15,152 )     46       (15,106 )
    


 


 


Net change

     102,138       (780 )     101,358  

Beginning of year

     418,878       1,376       420,254  
    


 


 


End of year

   $ 521,016     $ 596     $ 521,612  
    


 


 


 

Unit’s SMOG and changes therein were determined in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 69. Certain information concerning the assumptions used in computing SMOG and their inherent limitations are discussed below. Management believes such information is essential for a proper understanding and assessment of the data presented.

 

The assumptions used to compute SMOG do not necessarily reflect management’s expectations of actual revenues to be derived from those reserves nor their present worth. Assigning monetary values to the reserve quantity estimation process does not reduce the subjective and ever-changing nature of such reserve estimates. Additional subjectivity occurs when determining present values because the rate of producing the reserves must be estimated. In addition to difficulty inherent in predicting the future, variations from the expected production rate could result from factors outside of management’s control, such as unintentional delays in development, environmental concerns or changes in prices or regulatory controls. Also, the reserve valuation assumes that all reserves will be disposed of by production. However, other factors such as the sale of reserves in place could affect the amount of cash eventually realized.

 

Future cash flows are computed by applying year-end spot prices of oil $43.45 and natural gas $5.65 relating to proved reserves to the year-end quantities of those reserves. Future price changes are considered only to the extent provided by contractual arrangements in existence at year-end.

 

Future production and development costs are computed by estimating the expenditures to be incurred in developing and producing the proved oil and natural gas reserves at the end of the year, based on continuation of existing economic conditions.

 

Future income tax expenses are computed by applying the appropriate year-end statutory tax rates to the future pretax net cash flows relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves less the tax basis of Unit’s properties. The future income tax expenses also give effect to permanent differences and tax credits and allowances relating to Unit’s proved oil and natural gas reserves.

 

Care should be exercised in the use and interpretation of the above data. As production occurs over the next several years, the results shown may be significantly different as changes in production performance, petroleum prices and costs are likely to occur.

 

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Index to Financial Statements
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

 

None.

 

Item 9a. Controls and Procedures.

 

  (a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

The company maintains “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports the company files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and that such information is collected and communicated to management, including the company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating its disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that no matter how well conceived and operated, disclosure controls and procedures can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. The company’s disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to meet, and management believes that they meet, reasonable assurance standards. Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, subject to the limitations noted above, the company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to them by others within those entities.

 

  (b) Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

The company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). The company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the results of this evaluation, the company’s management concluded that its internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2004.

 

The company management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included in this report.

 

  (c) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

As of the last quarter, there were no changes in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Item 9b. Other Information.

 

The following describes the ordinary course executive officer compensation actions taken by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the company (the “Committee”).

 

75


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Index to Financial Statements

At its meetings on December 14, 2004, to be effective January 1, 2005, the Committee took the following actions with respect to the discretionary compensation of the company’s named executive officers (as defined in Regulation S-K item 402(a)(3)):

 

Executive Officer


   2005 Salary

   Bonus (1)

   Stock
Option Award (2)


John G. Nikkel

Chief Executive Officer

     (3)      n/a (4)    n/a

Larry D. Pinkston

President and Chief Operating Officer

   $ 250,000    $ 150,000    10,000 shares

Mark E. Schell

Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary

   $ 190,000    $ 125,000    8,500 shares

David T. Merrill

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

   $ 178,200    $ 60,000    5,000 shares

(1) Bonus awards are paid out in three equal annual installments commencing in 2005. To receive future installments the individual must remain employed with the company.

 

(2) Option grants vest in 20% increments commencing one year from the date of grant. Options are awarded at the fair market value of the company’s common stock on the date of grant.

 

(3) No salary increase for 2005. Mr. Nikkel, as previously reported, has announced his intention to retire as the CEO of the company effective April 1, 2005.

 

(4) As previously reported, on February 16, 2005, the Compensation Committee elected to reward Mr. Nikkel for his 21 years of service to the company by awarding him a cash bonus of $750,000, payable in 24 equal monthly installments commencing on the 20th month following his retirement on April 1, 2005.

 

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Index to Financial Statements

PART III

 

Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant

 

The information regarding Directors and Executive Officers appearing under the headings “Item 1: Election of Directors”, and “Other Matters” of our 2005 Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference in this section. The information under the heading “Executive Officers” in Items 1 and 2 of this Form 10-K is also incorporated by reference in this section.

 

Item 11. Executive Compensation

 

The information appearing under the headings “Directors’ Compensation and Benefits”, “Executive Compensation”, “Termination of Employment & Change in Control Arrangements”, “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Report of the Compensation Committee” of our 2005 Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference.

 

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 

The information appearing under the heading “Ownership of Our Common Stock by Beneficial Owners and Management” of our 2005 Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference.

 

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

 

The information appearing under the heading “Other Matters” of our 2005 Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference.

 

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.

 

The information appearing under the headings “Report of Audit Committee”, “Principal Accounting Fees and Services” and “Ratification of Appointment of Auditors” of our 2005 Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference.

 

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Index to Financial Statements

PART IV

 

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 

(a) Financial Statements, Schedules and Exhibits:

 

1. Financial Statements:

 

Included in Part II of this report:

 

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2004 and 2003

Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

2. Financial Statement Schedules:

 

Included in Part IV of this report for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002:

 

Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves

 

Other schedules are omitted because of the absence of conditions under which they are required or because the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

 

The exhibit numbers in the following list correspond to the numbers assigned such exhibits in the Exhibit Table of Item 601 of Regulation S-K.

 

3. Exhibits:

 

  2.6.1    Amended and Restated Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of June 24, 2002 by and among Unit Corporation, George B. Kaiser and Kaiser Francis Oil Company (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Form 8-K dated August 27,2002).
  2.6.2    Amended and Restated Share Purchase Agreement dated as of June 24, 2002, by and among Unit Corporation, Kaiser Francis Charitable Income Trust B and Kaiser Francis Oil Company (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Form 8-K dated August 27, 2002).
  3.1    Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Unit Corporation (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Form S-3 (file No. 333-83551), which is incorporated herein by reference).
  3.2    By-Laws of Unit Corporation as amended through February 15, 2005 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Unit’s Form 8-K, dated February 22, 2005 which is incorporated herein by reference).
  4.2.3    Form of Common Stock Certificate (filed as Exhibit 4.1 on Form S-3 as S.E.C. File No. 333-83551, which is incorporated herein by reference).
  4.2.6    Rights Agreement between Unit Corporation and Chemical Bank, as Rights Agent (filed as Exhibit 1 to Unit’s Form 8-A filed with the S.E.C. on May 23, 1995, File No. 1-92601 and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.2.7    First Amendment of Rights Agreement dated May 19, 1995, between the Company and Mellon Shareholder Services LLC, as Rights Agent (filed as Exhibit 4 to Unit’s Form 8-K dated August 23, 2001, which is incorporated herein by reference).

 

78


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Index to Financial Statements
  4.2.8    Second Amendment of the Rights Agreement, dated August 14, 2002, between the Company and Mellon Shareholder Services LLC, as Rights Agent (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002, which is incorporated herein by reference).
  4.3    Indenture (filed as Exhibit 4.3 to Unit’s Form S-3 filed with the S.E.C. File No. 333-104165, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.1.26    Credit Agreement dated January 30, 2004 (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.2    Unit 1979 Oil and Gas Program Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed as Exhibit I to Unit Drilling and Exploration Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 as S.E.C. File No. 2-66347, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.10    Unit 1984 Oil and Gas Program Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed as an Exhibit 3.1 to Unit 1984 Oil and Gas Program’s Registration Statement Form S-1 as S.E.C. File No. 2-92582, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.21*    Unit Drilling and Exploration Employee Bonus Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.16 to Unit’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 as S.E.C. File No. 33-7848, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.22*    The Company’s Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 as S.E.C. File No’s. 33-19652, 33-44103 and 33-64323 which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.23*    Unit Corporation Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan (filed as an Exhibit to Form S-8 as S.E.C. File No. 33-49724, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.24*    Unit Corporation Employees’ Thrift Plan (filed as an Exhibit to Form S-8 as S.E.C. File No. 33-53542, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.25    Unit Consolidated Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1993, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.27*    Unit Corporation Salary Deferral Plan (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1993, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.30*    Separation Benefit Plan of Unit Corporation and Participating Subsidiaries as amended (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Unit’s Form 8-K dated December 20, 2004).
10.2.32*    Unit Corporation Separation Benefit Plan for Senior Management as amended (filed as an Exhibit 10.1 to Unit’s Form 8-K dated December 20, 2004).
10.2.33*    Unit Corporation Special Separation Benefit Plan as amended (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Unit’s Form 8-K dated December 20, 2004).
10.2.35    Unit 2000 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under the cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999).
10.2.36*    Unit Corporation 2000 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan (filed as an Exhibit to Form S-8 as S.E.C. File No. 333-38166, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.37*    Unit Corporation’s Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 as S.E.C. File No. 333-39584 which is incorporated herein by reference).

 

79


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements
10.2.38    Unit 2001 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under the cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000).
10.2.40    Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into between the Company and its executive officers and directors (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Unit’s Form 8-K dated February 22, 2005, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.41    Unit 2002 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001).
10.2.42    Unit 2003 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002).
10.2.43    Unit 2004 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003).
10.2.44    Unit 2005 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed herein).
21    Subsidiaries of the Registrant (filed herein).
23.1    Consent of Registered Public Accounting Firm (filed herein).
23.2    Consent of Independent Petroleum Engineers (filed herein).
31.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer under Rule 13a - 14(a) of the Exchange Act (filed herein).
31.2    Certification of Chief Financial Officer under Rule 13a - 14(a) of the Exchange Act (filed herein).
32.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer under Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herein).
99.2*    Separation Agreement, dated May 11, 2001, between the Registrant and Mr. Kirchner (filed as Exhibit 99.4 to Unit’s Form 8-K dated May 18, 2001, which is incorporated herein by reference).
99.2*    Consulting Agreement, dated December 16, 2004, between John G. Nikkel and the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to Unit’s Form 8-K dated December 20, 2004).

* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan identified pursuant to the requirements of Item 14 of Form 10-K.

 

80


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Index to Financial Statements

Schedule II

 

UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES

 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:

 

Description


   Balance at
Beginning
of Period


   Additions
Charged to
Costs &
Expenses


   Deductions
& Net
Write-Offs


    Balance at
End of
Period


     (In thousands)

Year ended December 31, 2004

   $ 1,223    $ 400    $ (38 )   $ 1,661
    

  

  


 

Year ended December 31, 2003

   $ 1,203    $ 645    $ 625     $ 1,223
    

  

  


 

Year ended December 31, 2002

   $ 604    $ 603    $ 4     $ 1,203
    

  

  


 

 

81


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Index to Financial Statements

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

       

UNIT CORPORATION

DATE: March 14, 2005

      By:   /s/    J OHN G. N IKKEL        
                JOHN G. NIKKEL
                Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on the 14th day of March, 2005.

 

Name


  

Title


/s/    J OHN G. N IKKEL        


John G. Nikkel

  

Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

/s/    L ARRY D. P INKSTON        


Larry D. Pinkston

  

Director, President, Chief Operating Officer

/s/    D AVID T. M ERRILL        


David T. Merrill

  

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer)

/s/    S TANLEY W. B ELITZ        


Stanley W. Belitz

  

Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)

/s/    J. M ICHAEL A DCOCK        


J. Michael Adcock

  

Director

/s/    D ON C OOK        


Don Cook

  

Director

/s/    K ING P. K IRCHNER        


King P. Kirchner

  

Director

/s/    M ARK E. M ONROE        


Mark E. Monroe

  

Director

/s/    W ILLIAM B. M ORGAN        


William B. Morgan

  

Director

/s/    J OHN H. W ILLIAMS        


John H. Williams

  

Director

 

82


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit No.

  

Description


10.2.44    Unit 2005 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership.
21           Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23.1         Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
23.2         Consent of Independent Petroleum Engineers.
31.1         Certification of Chief Executive Officer under Rule 13a—14(a) of the Exchange Act.
31.2         Certification of Chief Financial Officer under Rule 13a—14(a) of the Exchange Act.
32.1         Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer under Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

83

Exhibit 10.2.44

CONFIDENTIAL

 

For Private Placement Purposes Only

 

UNIT 2005 EMPLOYEE OIL AND GAS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

7130 South Lewis, Suite 1000

Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136

(918) 493-7700

 

A PRIVATE OFFERING

OF

UNITS OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP INTEREST

 


 

THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR UNDER APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES ACTS IN RELIANCE ON EXEMPTIONS PROVIDED BY SUCH ACTS. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD OR TRANSFERRED IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION UNDER SUCH ACTS OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL ACCEPTABLE TO THE GENERAL PARTNER THAT SUCH REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED. FURTHER, THE RESALE OF A UNIT MAY RESULT IN SUBSTANTIAL TAX LIABILITY TO THE INVESTOR. SEE “FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS.” ACCORDINGLY, THESE UNITS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ONLY FOR LONG-TERM INVESTMENT. SEE “PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION — SUITABILITY OF INVESTORS.”

 


 

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PRIVATE OFFERING MEMORANDUM IS PROVIDED BY THE GENERAL PARTNER SOLELY FOR THE PERSONS RECEIVING IT FROM THE GENERAL PARTNER AND ANY REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION OF THIS PRIVATE OFFERING MEMORANDUM, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, OR THE DIVULGENCE OF ANY OF ITS CONTENTS IS PROHIBITED AND MAY CONSTITUTE A VIOLATION OF CERTAIN STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE OFFEREE, BY ACCEPTING DELIVERY OF THIS PRIVATE OFFERING MEMORANDUM, AGREES TO RETURN IT AND ALL ENCLOSED DOCUMENTS TO THE GENERAL PARTNER IF THE OFFEREE DOES NOT UNDERTAKE TO PURCHASE ANY OF THE UNITS OFFERED HEREBY.

 


 

Private Offering Memorandum Date December 23, 2004


600 Preformation

Units of Limited Partnership Interest

in the

UNIT 2005 EMPLOYEE

OIL AND GAS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

 


 

$1,000 Per Unit Plus Possible

Additional Assessments of $100 Per Unit

(Minimum Investment - 2 Units)

Minimum Aggregate Subscriptions Necessary

to Form Partnership - 50 Units

 


 

A maximum of 600 (minimum of 50) units of limited partnership interest (“Units”) in the UNIT 2005 EMPLOYEE OIL AND GAS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, a proposed Oklahoma limited partnership (the “Partnership”), are being offered privately only to certain employees of Unit Corporation (“UNIT”) and its subsidiaries and the directors of UNIT at a price of $1,000 per Unit. Subscriptions shall be for not less than 2 Units ($2,000). The Partnership is being formed for the purpose of conducting oil and gas drilling and development operations. Purchasers of the Units will become Limited Partners in the Partnership. Unit Petroleum Company (“UPC” or the “General Partner”) will serve as General Partner of the Partnership. UPC’s address is 7130 South Lewis, Suite 1000, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136, and telephone (918) 493-7700.

 

THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE GENERAL PARTNER

AND THE LIMITED PARTNERS ARE GOVERNED BY THE

AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP (THE “AGREEMENT”),

A COPY OF WHICH ACCOMPANIES THIS MEMORANDUM AND IS

INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE

 

AN INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS IS SPECULATIVE AND INVOLVES

A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. SEE “RISK FACTORS.” CERTAIN

SIGNIFICANT RISKS INCLUDE:

 

    Drilling to establish productive oil and natural gas properties is inherently speculative.

 

    Participants will rely solely on the management capability and expertise of the General Partner.

 

    Limited Partners must assume the risks of an illiquid investment.

 

    Investment in the Units is suitable only for investors having sufficient financial resources and who desire a long-term investment.

 

    Conflicts of interest exist and additional conflicts of interest may arise between the General Partner and the Limited Partners, and there are no pre-determined procedures for resolving any such conflicts.

 

    Significant tax considerations to be considered by an investor include:

 

    possible audit of income tax returns of the Partnership and/or the Limited Partners and adjustment to their reported tax liabilities; and

 

    a Limited Partner will not benefit from his or her share of Partnership deductions in excess of his or her share of Partnership income unless he or she has passive income from other activities.

 

ii


    There can be no assurance that the Partnership will have adequate funds to provide cash distributions to the Limited Partners. The amount and timing of any such distributions will be within the complete discretion of the General Partner.

 

    The amount of any cash distribution which a Limited Partner may receive from the Partnership could be insufficient to pay the tax liability incurred by such Limited Partner with respect to income or gain allocated to such Limited Partner by the Partnership.

 

    Certain provisions in the Agreement modify what would otherwise be the applicable Oklahoma law as to the fiduciary standards for general partners in limited partnerships. Those standards in the Agreement could be less advantageous to the Limited Partners than the corresponding fiduciary standards otherwise applicable under Oklahoma law. The purchase of Units may be deemed as consent to the fiduciary standards set forth in the Agreement.

 


 

EXCEPT AS STATED UNDER “ADDITIONAL INFORMATION,” NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED IN THIS PRIVATE OFFERING MEMORANDUM IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING AND SUCH REPRESENTATIONS, IF ANY, MAY NOT BE RELIED UPON. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PRIVATE OFFERING MEMORANDUM IS AS OF THE DATE OF THIS MEMORANDUM UNLESS ANOTHER DATE IS SPECIFIED.

 


 

PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS ARE NOT TO CONSTRUE THE CONTENTS OF THIS PRIVATE OFFERING MEMORANDUM AS LEGAL, BUSINESS, OR TAX ADVICE. EACH INVESTOR SHOULD CONSULT HIS OR HER OWN ATTORNEY, BUSINESS ADVISOR AND TAX ADVISOR AS TO LEGAL, BUSINESS, TAX AND RELATED MATTERS CONCERNING HIS OR HER INVESTMENT. PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS ARE URGED TO REQUEST ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION THEY MAY CONSIDER NECESSARY TO MAKE AN INFORMED INVESTMENT DECISION.

 


 

THE SECURITIES OFFERED BY THIS MEMORANDUM HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, THE OKLAHOMA SECURITIES COMMISSION OR BY THE SECURITIES REGULATORY AUTHORITY OF ANY OTHER STATE, NOR HAS ANY COMMISSION OR AUTHORITY PASSED UPON OR ENDORSED THE MERITS OF THIS OFFERING OR THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PRIVATE OFFERING MEMORANDUM. ANY REPRESENTATION CONTRARY TO THE FOREGOING IS UNLAWFUL.

 


 

THESE UNITS ARE BEING OFFERED SUBJECT TO PRIOR SALE, TO WITHDRAWAL, CANCELLATION OR MODIFICATION OF THE OFFER WITHOUT NOTICE AND TO THE FURTHER CONDITIONS SET FORTH HEREIN.

 

iii


ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

Each prospective investor, or his or her qualified representative named in writing, has the opportunity (1) to obtain additional information necessary to verify the accuracy of the information supplied herewith or hereafter, and (2) to ask questions and receive answers concerning the terms and conditions of the offering. If you desire to avail yourself of the opportunity, please contact:

 

Mark E. Schell, Esq.

7130 South Lewis, Suite 1000

Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136

(918) 493-7700

 

The following documents and instruments are available to qualified offerees upon written request:

 

1. Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws of UNIT.

 

2. Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws of Unit Petroleum Company.

 

3. UNIT’s Employees’ Thrift Plan.

 

4. Restated Unit Corporation Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan and related prospectuses covering shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

 

5. UNIT’s 2002 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan.

 

6. The Credit Agreement and the notes payable of UNIT.

 

7. All periodic reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K and all proxy materials filed by or on behalf of UNIT with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, during calendar year 2004, the annual report to shareholders and all quarterly reports to shareholders submitted by UNIT to its shareholders during calendar year 2004.

 

8. The Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-104165) and all supplemental prospectuses filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424.

 

9. The agreements of limited partnership for the prior oil and gas drilling programs and prior employee programs of Unit Petroleum Company, UNIT and Unit Drilling and Exploration Company ( “UDEC” ).

 

10. All periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and all reports and information provided to limited partners in all limited partnerships of which Unit Petroleum Company, UNIT or UDEC now serves or has served in the past as a general partner.

 

11. The agreement of limited partnership for the Unit 1986 Energy Income Limited Partnership.

 

iv


SUMMARY OF CONTENTS

 

     Page

SUMMARY OF PROGRAM

   1

Terms of the Offering

   1

Risk Factors

   2

Additional Financing

   3

Proposed Activities

   4

Application of Proceeds

   4

Participation in Costs and Revenues

   5

Compensation

   5

Federal Income Tax Considerations; Opinion of Counsel

   5

RISK FACTORS

   6

INVESTMENT RISKS

   6

TAX STATUS AND TAX RISKS

   11

OPERATIONAL RISKS

   12

TERMS OF THE OFFERING

   14

General

   14

Limited Partnership Interests

   14

Subscription Rights

   14

Payment for Units; Delinquent Installment

   15

Right of Presentment

   16

Rollup or Consolidation of Partnership

   17

ADDITIONAL FINANCING

   17

Additional Assessments

   18

Prior Programs

   18

Partnership Borrowings

   18

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

   19

Suitability of Investors

   19

RELATIONSHIP OF THE PARTNERSHIP, THE GENERAL PARTNER AND AFFILIATES

   20

PROPOSED ACTIVITIES

   20

General

   20

Partnership Objectives

   22

Areas of Interest

   22

Transfer of Properties

   23

Record Title to Partnership Properties

   23

Marketing of Reserves

   23

Conduct of Operations

   23

APPLICATION OF PROCEEDS

   24

PARTICIPATION IN COSTS AND REVENUES

   24

COMPENSATION

   26

Supervision of Operations

   26

Purchase of Equipment and Provision of Services

   27

Prior Programs

   27

MANAGEMENT

   29

The General Partner

   29

Officers, Directors and Key Employees

   29

Prior Employee Programs

   32

Ownership of Common Stock

   33

Interest of Management in Certain Transactions

   34

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

   34

Acquisition of Properties and Drilling Operations

   34

Participation in UNIT’s Drilling or Income Programs

   36

Transfer of Properties

   36

Partnership Assets

   36

Transactions with the General Partner or Affiliates

   37

Right of Presentment Price Determination

   37

Receipt of Compensation Regardless of Profitability

   37

Legal Counsel

   37

FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITY

   38

General

   38

Liability and Indemnification

   38

 

v


PRIOR ACTIVITIES

   39

Prior Employee Programs

   41

Results of the Prior Oil and Gas Programs

   42

federal income tax considerations

   50

Summary of Conclusions

   51

General Tax Effects of Partnership Structure

   52

Ownership of Partnership Properties

   53

Intangible Drilling and Development Costs Deductions

   54

Depletion Deductions

   54

Depreciation Deductions

   55

Transaction Fees

   55

Basis and At Risk Limitations

   56

Passive Loss Limitations

   56

Gain or Loss on Sale of Property or Units

   57

Partnership Distributions

   57

Partnership Allocations

   57

Administrative Matters

   57

Accounting Methods and Periods

   58

State and Local Taxes

   59

Individual Tax Advice Should Be Sought

   59

COMPETITION, MARKETS AND REGULATION

   59

Marketing of Production

   59

Regulation of Partnership Operations

   60

Natural Gas Price Regulation

   60

Oil Price Regulation

   63

State Regulation of Oil and Gas Production

   63

Legislative and Regulatory Production and Pricing Proposals

   63

Production and Environmental Regulation

   64

SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT

   65

Partnership Distributions

   65

Deposit and Use of Funds

   65

Power and Authority

   65

Rollup or Consolidation of the Partnership

   66

Limited Liability

   66

Records, Reports and Returns

   67

Transferability of Interests

   67

Amendments

   68

Voting Rights

   69

Exculpation and Indemnification of the General Partner

   69

Termination

   69

Insurance

   70

COUNSEL

   70

GLOSSARY

   70

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

   73

 

EXHIBIT A    - AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
EXHIBIT B     - LEGAL OPINION

 

vi


SUMMARY OF PROGRAM

 

This summary is not a complete description of the terms and consequences of an investment in the Partnership and is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information appearing throughout this Private Offering Memorandum (this “Memorandum” ). For definitions of certain terms used in this Memorandum, see “GLOSSARY.”

 

Terms of the Offering

 

Limited Partnership Interests . Unit 2005 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership, a proposed Oklahoma limited partnership (the “Partnership” ), offers 600 preformation units of limited partnership interest ( “Units” ) in the Partnership. The offer is made only to certain employees of Unit Corporation ( “UNIT” ) and its subsidiaries and directors of UNIT (see “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Subscription Rights”). Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Memorandum to UNIT shall include all or any of its subsidiaries. Unit Petroleum Company ( “UPC” or the “General Partner” ), a wholly owned subsidiary of UNIT, will serve as General Partner of the Partnership.

 

To invest in the Units, the Limited Partner Subscription Agreement and Suitability Statement (the “Subscription Agreement” ) (see Attachment I to Exhibit A hereto) must be executed and forwarded to the offices of the General Partner at its address listed on the cover of this Memorandum. The Subscription Agreement must be received by the General Partner not later than 5:00 P.M. Central Standard Time on January 21, 2005 (extendable by the General Partner for up to 30 days). Subscription Agreements may be delivered to the office of the General Partner. No payment is required upon delivery of the Subscription Agreement. Payment for the Units will be made either (i) in four equal Installments, the first of such Installments being due on March 15, 2005 and the remaining three of such Installments being due on June 15, September 15, and December 15, 2005, respectively, or (ii) through equal deductions from 2005 salary commencing immediately after formation of the Partnership.

 

The purchase price of each Unit is $1,000, and the minimum permissible purchase is two Units ($2,000) for each subscriber. Additional Assessments of up to $100 per Unit may be required (see “ADDITIONAL FINANCING — Additional Assessments”). Maximum purchases by employees (other than directors) will be for an amount equal to one-half of their base salaries for calendar year 2005. Each member of the Board of Directors of UNIT may subscribe for up to 250 Units ($250,000). The Partnership must sell at least 50 Units ($50,000) before the Partnership will be formed. No Units will be offered for sale after the Effective Date (see “GLOSSARY”) except upon compliance with the provisions of Article XIII of the Agreement. The General Partner may, at its option, purchase Units as a Limited Partner, including any amount that may be necessary to meet the minimum number of Units required for formation of the Partnership. The Partnership will terminate on December 31, 2035, unless it is terminated earlier pursuant to the provisions of the Agreement or by operation of law. See “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Limited Partnership Interests”; “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Subscription Rights”; and “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Termination.”

 

Units will be offered only to those qualified employees of UNIT or any of its subsidiaries at the date of formation of the Partnership whose annual base salaries for 2004 have been set at $36,000 or more and directors of UNIT who meet certain financial requirements which will enable them to bear the economic risks of an investment in the Partnership and who can demonstrate that they have sufficient investment experience and expertise to evaluate the risks and merits of such an investment. The offering will be made privately by the officers and directors of UPC or UNIT, except that in states which require participation by a registered broker-dealer in the offer and sale of securities, the Units will be offered through such broker-dealer as may be selected by the General Partner. Any participating broker-dealer may be reimbursed for actual out-of-pocket expenses. Such reimbursements will be borne by the General Partner.

 

Subscription Rights . Only salaried employees of UNIT or any of its subsidiaries whose annual base salaries for 2004 have been set at $36,000 or more and directors of UNIT are eligible to subscribe for Units. Employees may not purchase Units for an amount in excess of one-half of their base salaries for calendar year 2004. Directors’ subscriptions may not be for more than 250 Units ($250,000). Only employees and directors who are U.S. citizens are eligible to participate in the offering. In addition, employees and directors must be able

 

1


to bear the economic risks of an investment in the Partnership and must have sufficient investment experience and expertise to evaluate the risks and merits of such an investment. See “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Subscription Rights.”

 

Right of Presentment . After December 31, 2006, the Limited Partners will have the right to present their Units to the General Partner for purchase. The General Partner will not be obligated to purchase more than 20% of the then outstanding Units in any one calendar year. The purchase price to be paid for the Units will be determined by a specific valuation formula. See “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Right of Presentment” for a description of the valuation formula and a discussion of the manner in which the right of presentment may be exercised by the Limited Partners.

 

Risk Factors

 

An investment in the Partnership has many risks. The “RISK FACTORS” section of this Memorandum contains a detailed discussion of the most important risks, organized into Investment Risks (the risks related to the Partnership’s investment in oil and gas properties and drilling activities, to an investment in the Partnership and to the provisions of the Agreement); Tax Risks (the risks arising from the tax laws as they apply to the Partnership and its investment in oil and gas properties and drilling activities); and Operational Risks (the risks involved in conducting oil and gas operations). The following are certain of the risks which are more fully described under “RISK FACTORS”. Each prospective investor should review the “RISK FACTORS” section carefully before deciding to subscribe for Units.

 

Investment Risks:

 

    Future oil and natural gas prices are unpredictable. If oil and natural gas prices go down, the Partnership’s distributions, if any, to the Limited Partners will be adversely affected.

 

    The General Partner is authorized under the Agreement to cause, in its sole discretion, the sale or transfer of the Partnership’s assets to, or the merger or consolidation of the Partnership with, another partnership, corporation or other business entity. Such action could have a material impact on the nature of the investment of all Limited Partners.

 

    Except for certain transfers to the General Partner and other restricted transfers, the Agreement prohibits a Limited Partner from transferring Units. Thus, except for the limited right of the Limited Partners after December 31, 2006 to present their Units to the General Partner for purchase, Limited Partners will not be able to liquidate their investments.

 

    The Partnership could be formed with as little as $50,000 in Capital Contributions (excluding the Capital Contributions of the General Partner). As the total amount of Capital Contributions to the Partnership will determine the number and diversification of Partnership Properties, the ability of the Partnership to pursue its investment objectives may be restricted in the event that the Partnership receives only the minimum amount of Capital Contributions.

 

    The drilling and completion operations to be undertaken by the Partnership for the development of oil and natural gas reserves involve the possibility of a total loss of an investment in the Partnership.

 

    The General Partner will have the exclusive management and control of all aspects of the business of the Partnership. The Limited Partners will have no opportunity to participate in the management and control of any aspect of the Partnership’s activities. Accordingly, the Limited Partners will be entirely dependent upon the management skills and expertise of the General Partner.

 

    Conflicts of interest exist and additional conflicts of interest may arise between the General Partner and the Limited Partners, and there are no pre-determined procedures for resolving any such conflicts. Accordingly the General Partner could cause the Partnership to take actions to the benefit of the General Partner but not to the benefit of the Limited Partners.

 

2


    Certain provisions in the Agreement modify what would otherwise be the applicable Oklahoma law as to the fiduciary standards for a general partner in a limited partnership. The fiduciary standards in the Agreement could be less advantageous to the Limited Partners and more advantageous to the General Partner than corresponding fiduciary standards otherwise applicable under Oklahoma law. The purchase of Units may be deemed as consent to the fiduciary standards set forth in the Agreement.

 

    There can be no assurances that the Partnership will have adequate funds to provide cash distributions to the Limited Partners. The amount and timing of any such distributions will be within the complete discretion of the General Partner.

 

    The amount of any cash distributions which Limited Partners may receive from the Partnership could be insufficient to pay the tax liability incurred by such Limited Partners with respect to income or gain allocated to such Limited Partners by the Partnership.

 

Tax Risks:

 

    Tax laws and regulations applicable to partnership investments may change at any time and these changes may be applicable retroactively.

 

    Certain allocations of income, gain, loss and deduction of the Partnership among the Partners may be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service (the “Service” ). A successful challenge would likely result in a Limited Partner having to report additional taxable income or being denied a deduction.

 

    Investment as a Limited Partner may be less advisable for a person who does not have substantial current taxable income from trade or business activities in which the Limited Partner does not materially participate.

 

    Federal income tax payable by a Limited Partner by reason of his or her allocated share of Partnership income for any year may exceed the Partnership distributions to a Limited Partner for the year.

 

Operational Risks:

 

    The search for oil and gas is highly speculative and the drilling activities conducted by the Partnership may result in a well that may be dry or productive wells that do not produce sufficient oil and gas to produce a profit or result in a return of the Limited Partners’ investment.

 

    Certain hazards may be encountered in drilling wells which could lead to substantial liabilities to third parties or governmental entities. In addition, governmental regulations or new laws relating to environmental matters could increase Partnership costs, delay or prevent drilling a well, require the Partnership to cease operations in certain areas or expose the Partnership to significant liabilities for violations of such laws and regulations.

 

Additional Financing

 

Additional Assessments . After the Aggregate Subscription received from the Limited Partners has been fully expended or committed and the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended, the General Partner may make one or more calls for Additional Assessments from the Limited Partners if additional funds are required to pay the Limited Partners’ share of Drilling Costs, Special Production and Marketing Costs or Leasehold Acquisition Costs. The maximum amount of total Additional Assessments which may be called for by the General Partner is $100 per Unit. See “ADDITIONAL FINANCING — Additional Assessments.”

 

Partnership Borrowings . After the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been expended, the General Partner may cause the Partnership to borrow funds required to pay Drilling Costs, Special Production and Marketing Costs or Leasehold Acquisition Costs of Productive properties. Additionally, the General Partner may, but is not required to, advance funds to the Partnership to pay such costs. See “ADDITIONAL FINANCING — Partnership Borrowings.”

 

3


Proposed Activities

 

General . The Partnership is being formed for the purposes of acquiring producing oil and gas properties and conducting oil and gas drilling and development operations. The Partnership will, with certain limited exceptions, participate on a proportionate basis with UPC in each producing oil and gas lease acquired and in each oil and gas well commenced by UPC for its own account or by UNIT during the period from January 1, 2005, if the Partnership is formed prior to such date or from the date of the formation of the Partnership if subsequent to January 1, 2005, until December 31, 2005, and will, with certain limited exceptions, serve as a co-general partner with UNIT in any drilling or income programs which may be formed by the General Partner or UNIT in 2005. See “PROPOSED ACTIVITIES.”

 

Partnership Objectives . The Partnership is being formed to provide eligible employees and directors the opportunity to participate in the oil and gas exploration and producing property acquisition activities of UNIT during 2005. UNIT hopes that participation in the Partnership will provide the participants with greater proprietary interests in UNIT’s operations and the potential for realizing a more direct benefit in the event these operations prove to be profitable. The Partnership has been structured to achieve the objective of providing the Limited Partners with essentially the same economic returns that UNIT realizes from the wells drilled or acquired during 2005.

 

Application of Proceeds

 

The offering proceeds will be used to pay the Leasehold Acquisition Costs incurred by the Partnership to acquire those producing oil and gas leases in which the Partnership participates and the Leasehold Acquisition Costs, exploration, drilling and development costs incurred by the Partnership pursuant to drilling activities in which the Partnership participates. The General Partner estimates (based on historical operating experience) that such costs may be expended as shown below based on the assumption of a maximum number of subscriptions in the first column and a minimum number of subscriptions in the second column:

 

     $600,000
Program


   $50,000
Program


Leasehold Acquisition Costs of Properties to Be Drilled

   $ 30,000    $ 2,500

Drilling Costs of Exploratory Wells (1)

     30,000      2,500

Drilling Costs of Development Wells (1)

     420,000      35,000

Leasehold Acquisition Costs of Productive Properties

     120,000      10,000

Reimbursement of General Partner’s Overhead Costs (2)

     —        —  
    

  

Total

   $ 600,000    $ 50,000

(1) See “GLOSSARY.”
(2) The Agreement provides that the General Partner shall be reimbursed by the Partnership for that portion of its general and administrative overhead expense attributable to its conduct of Partnership business and affairs but such reimbursement will be made only out of Partnership Revenue. See “COMPENSATION.”

 

4


Participation in Costs and Revenues

 

Partnership costs, expenses and revenues will be allocated among the Partners in the following percentages:

 

     General Partner

  Limited Partners

COSTS AND EXPENSES

        

Organizational and offering costs of the Partnership and any drilling or income programs in which the Partnership participates as a co-general partner

   100%   0%

All other Partnership costs and expenses

        

Prior to time Limited Partner Capital Contributions are entirely expended

   1%   99%

After expenditure of Limited Partner Capital Contributions and until expenditure of General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution

   100%   0%

After expenditure of General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution

   General Partner’s
Percentage
(1)
  Limited Partners’
Percentage
(1)

REVENUES

   General Partner’s
Percentage
(1)
  Limited Partners’
Percentage
(1)

(1) See “GLOSSARY.”

 

Compensation

 

The General Partner will not receive any management fees in connection with the operation of the Partnership. The Partnership will reimburse the General Partner for that portion of its general and administrative overhead expense attributable to its conduct of Partnership business and affairs. See “COMPENSATION.”

 

Federal Income Tax Considerations; Opinion of Counsel

 

The General Partner has received an opinion from its tax counsel, Conner & Winters, P.C. (“Conner & Winters”), concerning all material federal income tax issues applicable to an investment in the Partnership. To be fully understood, the complete discussion of these matters set forth in the full tax opinion in Exhibit B should be read by each prospective investor. Based upon current laws, regulations, interpretations, and court decisions, Conner & Winters has rendered its opinion that (i) the material federal income tax benefits in the aggregate from an investment in the Partnership will be realized; (ii) the Partnership will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and not as a corporation and not as an association taxable as a corporation; (iii) to the extent the Partnership’s wells are timely drilled and its drilling costs are timely paid, then subject to the limitations on deductions discussed in such opinion, the Partners will be entitled to claim as deductions their pro rata shares of the Partnership’s intangible drilling and development costs (“IDC”) paid in 2005; (iv) for most Limited Partners, the Partnership’s operations will be considered a passive activity within the meaning of Section 469 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and losses generated therefrom will be limited by the passive activity provisions of the Code; (v) to the extent provided herein, the Partners’ distributive shares of Partnership tax items will be determined and allocated substantially in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement; and (vi) the Partnership will not be required to register with the Service as a tax shelter.

 

5


Due to the lack of authority regarding, or the essentially factual nature of certain issues, Conner & Winters expresses no opinion on the following: (i) the impact of an investment in the Partnership on an investor’s alternative minimum tax liability; (ii) whether, under Code Section 183, the losses of the Partnership will be treated as derived from “activities not engaged in for profit,” and therefore nondeductible from other gross income (due to the inherently factual nature of a Partner’s interest and motive in investing in the Partnership); (iii) whether any of the Partnership’s properties will be considered “proven” for purposes of depletion deductions; (iv) whether any interest incurred by a Partner with respect to any borrowings incurred to purchase Units will be deductible or subject to limitations on deductibility; and (v) whether the Partnership will be treated as the tax owner of Partnership Properties acquired by the General Partner as nominee for the Partnership.

 

THIS MEMORANDUM CONTAINS AN EXPLANATION OF THE MORE SIGNIFICANT TERMS AND PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP WHICH IS ATTACHED AS EXHIBIT A. THE SUMMARY OF THE AGREEMENT CONTAINED IN THIS MEMORANDUM IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY SUCH REFERENCE AND ACCORDINGLY THE AGREEMENT SHOULD BE CAREFULLY REVIEWED AND CONSIDERED.

 

RISK FACTORS

 

Prospective purchasers of Units should carefully study the information contained in this Memorandum and should make their own evaluations of the probability for the discovery of oil and natural gas through exploration.

 

INVESTMENT RISKS

 

Financial Risks of Drilling Operations

 

The Partnership will participate with the General Partner (including, with certain limited exceptions, other drilling programs sponsored by it, or UNIT) and, in some cases, other parties ( “joint interest parties” ) in connection with drilling operations conducted on properties in which the Partnership has an interest. It is not anticipated that all such drilling operations will be conducted under turnkey drilling contracts and, thus, all of the parties participating in the drilling operations on a particular property, including the Partnership, may be fully liable for their proportionate share of all costs of such operations even if the actual costs significantly exceed the original cost estimates. Further, if any joint interest party defaults in its obligation to pay its share of the costs, the other joint interest parties may be required to fund the deficiency until, if ever, it can be collected from the defaulting party. As a result of forced pooling or similar proceedings (see “COMPETITION, MARKETS AND REGULATION”), the Partnership may acquire larger fractional interests in Partnership Properties than originally anticipated and, thus, be required to bear a greater share of the costs of operations. As a result of the foregoing, the Partnership could become liable for amounts significantly in excess of the amounts originally anticipated to be expended in connection with the operations and, in such event, would have only limited means for providing needed additional funds (see “ADDITIONAL FINANCING”). Also, if a well is operated by a company which does not or cannot pay the costs and expenses of drilling or operating a Partnership Well, the Partnership’s interest in such well may become subject to liens and claims of creditors who supplied services or materials in connection with such operations even though the Partnership may have previously paid its share of such costs and expenses to the operator. If the operator is unable or unwilling to pay the amount due, the Partnership might have to pay its share of the amounts owing to such creditors in order to preserve its interest in the well which would mean that it would, in effect, be paying for certain of such costs and expenses twice.

 

Dependence Upon General Partner

 

The Limited Partners will acquire interests in the Partnership, not in the General Partner or UNIT. They will not participate in either increases or decreases in the General Partner’s or UNIT’s net worth or the value of its common stock. Nevertheless, because the General Partner is primarily responsible for the proper conduct of the Partnership’s business and affairs and is obligated to provide certain funds that will be required in connection with its operations, a significant financial reversal for the General Partner or UNIT could have an adverse effect on the Partnership and the Limited Partners’ interests therein.

 

6


Under the Partnership Agreement, UPC is designated as the General Partner of the Partnership and is given the exclusive authority to manage and operate the Partnership’s business. See “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Power and Authority”. Accordingly, Limited Partners must rely solely on the General Partner to make all decisions on behalf of the Partnership, as the Limited Partners will have no role in the management of the business of the Partnership.

 

The Partnership’s success will depend, in part, upon the management provided by the General Partner, the ability of the General Partner to select and acquire oil and gas properties on which Partnership Wells capable of producing oil and natural gas in commercial quantities may be drilled, to fund the acquisition of revenue producing properties, and to market oil and natural gas produced from Partnership Wells.

 

Conflicts of Interest

 

UNIT and its subsidiaries have engaged in oil and gas exploration and development and in the acquisition of producing properties for their own account and as the sponsors of drilling and income programs formed with third party investors. It is anticipated that UNIT and its subsidiaries will continue to engage in such activities. However, with certain exceptions, it is likely that the Partnership will participate as a working interest owner in all producing oil and gas leases acquired and in all oil and gas wells commenced by the General Partner or UNIT for its own account during the period from January 1, 2005, if the Partnership is formed prior to such date, or from the date of the formation of the Partnership, if subsequent to January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2005 and, with certain limited exceptions, will be a co-general partner of any drilling or income programs, or both, formed by the General Partner or UNIT in 2005. The General Partner will determine which prospects will be acquired or drilled. With respect to prospects to be drilled, certain of the wells which are drilled for the separate account of the Partnership and the General Partner may be drilled on prospects on which initial drilling operations were conducted by UNIT or the General Partner prior to the formation of the Partnership. Further, certain of the Partnership Wells will be drilled on prospects on which the General Partner and possibly future employee programs may conduct additional drilling operations in years subsequent to 2005. Except with respect to its participation as a co-general partner of any drilling or income program sponsored by the General Partner or UNIT, the Partnership will have an interest only in those wells begun in 2005 and will have no rights in production from wells commenced in years other than 2005. Likewise, if additional interests are acquired in wells participated in by the Partnership after 2005, the Partnership will generally not be entitled to participate in the acquisition of such additional interests. See “CONFLICTS OF INTEREST — Acquisition of Properties and Drilling Operations.”

 

The Partnership may enter into contracts for the drilling of some or all of the Partnership Wells with affiliates of the General Partner. Likewise the Partnership may sell or market some or all of its natural gas production to an affiliate of the General Partner. These contracts may not necessarily be negotiated on an arm’s - length basis. The General Partner is subject to a conflict of interest in selecting an affiliate of the General Partner to drill the Partnership Wells and/or market the natural gas therefrom. The compensation under these contracts will be determined at the time of entering into each such contract, and the costs to be paid thereunder or the sale price to be received will be one which is competitive with the costs charged or the prices paid by unaffiliated parties in the same geographic region. The General Partner will make the determination of what are competitive rates or prices in the area. No provision has been made for an independent review of the fairness and reasonableness of such compensation. See “CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS — Transactions with the General Partner or Affiliates.”

 

Prohibition on Transferability; Lack of Liquidity

 

Except for certain transfers (i) to the General Partner, (ii) to or for the benefit of the transferor Limited Partner or members of his or her immediate family sharing the same residence, and (iii) by reason of death or operation of law, a Limited Partner may not transfer or assign Units. The General Partner has agreed, however, that it will, if requested at any time after December 31, 2006, buy Units for prices determined either by an independent petroleum engineering firm or the General Partner pursuant to a formula described under “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Right of Presentment.” This obligation of the General Partner to purchase Units when requested is limited and does not assure the liquidity of a Limited Partner’s investment, and the price received may be less than if the Limited Partner continued to hold his or her Units. In addition, similar commitments have been made and may hereafter be made to investors in other oil and gas drilling, income and employee programs

 

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sponsored by the General Partner or UNIT. There can be no assurance that the General Partner will have the financial resources to honor its repurchase commitments. See “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Right of Presentment.”

 

Delay of Cash Distributions

 

For income tax purposes, a Limited Partner must report his or her distributive (allocated) share of the income, gains, losses and deductions of the Partnership whether or not cash distributions are made. No cash distributions are expected to be made earlier than the first quarter of 2006. In addition, to the extent that the Partnership uses its revenues to repay borrowings or to finance its activities (see “ADDITIONAL FINANCING”), the funds available for cash distributions by the Partnership will be reduced or may be unavailable. It is possible that the amount of tax payable by a Limited Partner on his or her distributive share of the income of the Partnership will exceed his or her cash distributions from the Partnership. See “FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS.”

 

If and the date any distributions commence and their subsequent timing or amount cannot be accurately predicted. The decision as to whether or not the Partnership will make a cash distribution at any particular time will be made solely by the General Partner.

 

Limitations on Voting and Other Rights of Limited Partners

 

The Agreement, as permitted under the Oklahoma Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act (the “Act” ), eliminates or limits the rights of the Limited Partners to take certain actions, such as:

 

    withdrawing from the Partnership,

 

    transferring Units without restrictions, or

 

    consenting to or voting upon certain matters such as:
  (i) admitting a new General Partner,

 

  (ii) admitting Substituted Limited Partners, and

 

  (iii) dissolving the Partnership.

 

Furthermore, the Agreement imposes restrictions on the exercise of voting rights granted to Limited Partners. See “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Voting Rights.” Without the provisions to the contrary which are contained in the Agreement, the Act provides that certain actions can be taken only with the consent of all Limited Partners. Those provisions of the Agreement which provide for or require the vote of the Limited Partners, generally permit the approval of a proposal by the vote of Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units. See “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Voting Rights.” Thus, Limited Partners who do not agree with or do not wish to be subject to the proposed action may nevertheless become subject to the action if the required majority approval is obtained. Notwithstanding the rights granted to Limited Partners under the Agreement and the Act, the General Partner retains substantial discretion as to the operation of the Partnership.

 

Rollup or Consolidation of Partnership

 

Under the terms of the Agreement, at any time two years or more after the Partnership has completed substantially all of its property acquisition, drilling and development operations, the General Partner is authorized to cause the Partnership to transfer its assets to, or to merge or consolidate with, another partnership or a corporation or other entity for the purpose of combining the oil and gas properties and other assets of the Partnership with those of other partnerships formed for investment or participation by the employees, directors and/or consultants of UNIT or any of its subsidiaries. Such transfer or combination may be effected without the vote, approval or consent of the Limited Partners. In such event, the Limited Partners will receive interests in the transferee or resulting entity which will mean that they will most likely participate in the results of a larger number of properties but will have proportionately smaller allocable interests therein. Any such transaction is required to be effected in a manner which UNIT and the General Partner believe is fair and equitable to the

 

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Limited Partners but there can be no assurance that such transaction will in fact be in the best interests of the Limited Partners. Limited Partners have no dissenters’ or appraisal rights under the terms of the Agreement or the Act. Such a transaction would result in the termination and dissolution of the Partnership. While there can be no assurance that the Partnership will participate in such a transaction, the General Partner currently anticipates that the Partnership will, at the appropriate time, be involved in such a transaction. See “TERMS OF OFFERING,” and “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT.”

 

Partnership Borrowings

 

The General Partner has the authority to cause the Partnership to borrow funds to pay certain costs of the Partnership. While the use of financing to preserve the Partnership’s equity in oil and gas properties will be intended to increase the Partnership’s profits, such financing could have the effect of increasing the Partnership’s losses if the Partnership is unsuccessful. In addition, the Partnership may have to mortgage its oil and gas properties and other assets in order to obtain additional financing. If the Partnership defaults on such indebtedness, the lender may foreclose and the Partnership could lose its investment in such oil and gas properties and other assets. See “ADDITIONAL FINANCING — Partnership Borrowings.”

 

Limited Liability

 

Under the Act a Limited Partner’s liability for the obligations of the Partnership is limited to such Limited Partner’s Capital Contribution and such Limited Partner’s share of Partnership assets. In addition, if a Limited Partner receives a return of any part of his or her Capital Contribution, such Limited Partner is generally liable to the Partnership for a period of one year thereafter (or six years in the event such return is in violation of the Agreement) for the amount of the returned contribution. A Limited Partner will not otherwise be liable for the obligations of the Partnership unless, in addition to the exercise of his or her rights and powers as a Limited Partner, such Limited Partner participates in the control of the business of the Partnership.

 

The Agreement provides that by a vote of a majority in interest, the Limited Partners may effect certain changes in the Partnership such as termination and dissolution of the Partnership and amendment of the Agreement. The exercise of any of these and certain other rights is conditioned upon receipt of an opinion by Conner & Winters for the Limited Partners or an order or judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction to the effect that the exercise of such rights will not result in the loss of the limited liability of the Limited Partners or cause the Partnership to be classified as an association taxable as a corporation (see “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Amendments” and “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Termination”). As a result of certain judicial opinions it is not clear that these rights will ever be available to the Limited Partners. Nevertheless, in spite of the receipt of any such opinion or judicial order, it is still possible that the exercise of any such rights by the Limited Partners may result in the loss of the Limited Partners’ limited liability. The Partnership will be governed by the Act. The Act expressly permits limited partners to vote on certain specified partnership matters without being deemed to be participating in the control of the Partnership’s business and, thus, should result in greater certainty and more easily obtainable opinions of Conner & Winters regarding the exercise of most of the Limited Partners’ rights.

 

If the Partnership is dissolved and its business is not to be continued, the Partnership will be wound up. In connection with the winding up of the Partnership, all of its properties may be sold and the proceeds thereof credited to the accounts of the Partners. Properties not sold will, upon termination of the Partnership, be distributed to the Partners. The distribution of Partnership Properties to the Limited Partners would result in their having unlimited liability with respect to such properties. See “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Limited Liability.”

 

Partnership Acting as Co-General Partner

 

It is anticipated that the Partnership will serve as a co-general partner in any drilling or income programs formed by the General Partner or UNIT during 2005. See “PROPOSED ACTIVITIES.” Accordingly, the Partnership generally will be liable for the obligation and recourse liabilities of any such drilling or income program formed. While a Limited Partner’s liability for such claims will be limited to such Limited Partners Capital Contribution and share of Partnership assets, such claims if satisfied from the Partnership’s assets could adversely affect the operations of the Partnership.

 

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Past-Due Installments; Acceleration; Additional Assessments

 

Installments and Additional Assessments (see “ADDITIONAL FINANCING”) are legally binding obligations and past-due amounts will bear interest at the rate set forth in the Agreement; provided, however, that if the General Partner determines that the total Aggregate Subscription is not required to fund the Partnership’s business and operations, then the General Partner may, at its sole option, elect to release the Limited Partners from their obligation to pay one or more Installments and amend any relevant Partnership documents accordingly. It is anticipated that the total Aggregate Subscription will be required to fund the Partnership’s business and operations. In the event an Installment is not paid when due and the General Partner has not released the Limited Partners from their obligation to pay such Installment, then the General Partner may, at its sole option, purchase all Units of the director or employee who fails to pay such Installment, at a price equal to the amount of the prior Installments paid by such person. The General Partner may also bring legal proceedings to collect any unpaid Installments not waived by it or Additional Assessments. In addition, as indicated under “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Payment for Units; Delinquent Installment,” if an employee’s employment with or position as a director of the General Partner, UNIT or any affiliate thereof is terminated other than by reason of Normal Retirement (see “GLOSSARY”), death or disability prior to the time the full amount of the subscription price for his or her Units has been paid, all unpaid Installments not waived by the General Partner as described above will become due and payable upon such termination.

 

Partnership Funds

 

Except for Capital Contributions, Partnership funds are expected to be commingled with funds of the General Partner or UNIT. Thus, Partnership funds could become subject to the claims of creditors of the General Partner or UNIT. The General Partner believes that its assets and net worth are such that the risk of loss to the Partnership by virtue of such fact is minimal but there can be no assurance that the Partnership will not suffer losses of its funds to creditors of the General Partner or UNIT.

 

Compliance With Federal and State Securities Laws

 

This offering has not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in reliance upon exemptive provisions of said act. Further, these interests are being sold pursuant to exemptions from registration in the various states in which they are being offered and may be subject to additional restrictions in such jurisdictions on transfer. There is no assurance that the offering presently qualifies or will continue to qualify under such exemptive provisions due to, among other things, the adequacy of disclosure and the manner of distribution of the offering, the existence of similar offerings conducted by the General Partner or UNIT or its affiliates in the past or in the future, a failure or delay in providing notices or other required filings, the conduct of other oil and gas activities by the General Partner or UNIT and its affiliates or the change of any securities laws or regulations.

 

If and to the extent suits for rescission are brought and successfully concluded for failure to register this offering or other offerings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or state securities acts, or for acts or omissions constituting certain prohibited practices under any of said acts, both the capital and assets of the General Partner and the Partnership could be adversely affected, thus jeopardizing the ability of the Partnership to operate successfully. Further, the time and capital of the General Partner could be expended in defending an action by investors or by state or federal authorities even where the Partnership and the General Partner are ultimately exonerated.

 

Title To Properties

 

The Partnership Agreement empowers the General Partner, UNIT or any of their affiliates, to hold title to the Partnership Properties for the benefit of the Partnership. As such it is possible that the Partnership Properties could be subject to the claims of creditors of the General Partner. The General Partner is of the opinion that the likelihood of the occurrence of such claims is remote. However, the Partnership Property could be subject to claims and litigation in the event that the General Partner failed to pay its debts or became subject to the claims of creditors.

 

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Use of Partnership Funds to Exculpate and Indemnify the General Partner

 

The Agreement contains certain provisions which are intended to limit the liability of the General Partner and its affiliates for certain acts or omissions within the scope of the authority conferred upon them by the Agreement. In addition, under the Agreement, the General Partner will be indemnified by the Partnership against losses, judgments, liabilities, expenses and amounts paid in settlement sustained by it in connection with the Partnership so long as the losses, judgments, liabilities, expenses or amounts were not the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the General Partner. See “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Exculpation and Indemnification of the General Partner.”

 

The Partnership Agreement May Limit the Fiduciary Obligation of the General Partner to the Partnership and the Limited Partners

 

The Agreement contains certain provisions which modify what would otherwise be the applicable Oklahoma law relating to the fiduciary standards of the General Partner to the Limited Partners. The fiduciary standards in the Agreement could be less advantageous to the Limited Partners and more advantageous to the General Partner than the corresponding fiduciary standards otherwise applicable under Oklahoma law (although there are very few legal precedents clarifying exactly what fiduciary standards would otherwise be applicable under Oklahoma law). The purchase of Units may be deemed as consent to the fiduciary standards set forth in the Agreement. See “FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITY.” As a result of these provisions in the Agreement, the Limited Partners may find it more difficult to hold the General Partner responsible for acting in the best interest of the Partnership and the Limited Partners than if the fiduciary standards of the otherwise applicable Oklahoma law governed the situation.

 

TAX STATUS AND TAX RISKS

 

It is possible that the tax treatment currently available with respect to oil and gas exploration and production will be modified or eliminated on a retroactive or prospective basis by legislative, judicial, or administrative actions. The limited tax benefits associated with oil and gas exploration do not eliminate the inherent economic risks. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

 

Partnership Classification

 

Conner & Winters has rendered its opinion that the Partnership will be classified for federal income tax purposes as a partnership and not as a corporation, an association taxable as a corporation or a “publicly traded partnership.” Such opinion is not binding on the Service or the courts. If the Partnership were classified as a corporation, association taxable as a corporation or publicly traded partnership, any income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit of the Partnership would remain at the entity level, and not flow through to the Partners, the income of the Partnership would be subject to corporate tax rates at the entity level and distributions to the Partners could be considered dividend distributions. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations—General Tax Effects of Partnership Structure.”

 

Limited Partner Interests

 

An investment as a Limited Partner may not be advisable for a person who does not anticipate having substantial current taxable income from passive trade or business activities (not counting dividend or interest income). Most Limited Partners will be subject to the “passive activity loss” rules and will be unable to use passive losses generated by the Partnership until and unless he or she has realized “passive income”.

 

Tax Liabilities in Excess of Cash Distributions

 

A Partner must include in his or her own income tax return his or her share of the items of the Partnership’s income, gain, profit, loss, and deductions whether or not cash proceeds are actually distributed to the Partner to pay any tax resulting from the Partnership’s activities. For example, income from the Partnership’s sale of oil and gas production will be taxable to Partners as ordinary income subject to depletion and other deductions whether or not the proceeds from such sale are actually distributed (for example, where Partnership income is used to repay Partnership indebtedness).

 

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Items Not Covered by the Tax Opinion

 

Due to the lack of authority regarding, or the essentially factual nature of certain issues, Conner & Winters has expressed no opinion as to the following: (i) the impact of an investment in the Partnership on an investor’s alternative minimum tax liability; (ii) whether any of the Partnership’s properties will be considered “proven” for purposes of depletion deductions; and (iii) whether the Partnership will be treated as the tax owner of Partnership Properties acquired by the General Partner as nominee for the Partnership.

 

The determination of various of the above-referenced issues is dependent on facts not currently available. Therefore, Conner & Winters is unable to render an opinion at this time with respect to such issues. Also, the unknown facts with respect to the various issues referred to above will vary from Partner to Partner and will result in different tax consequences and burdens for individual Partners.

 

Prospective investors should recognize that an opinion of legal counsel merely represents such counsel’s best legal judgment under existing statutes, judicial decisions, and administrative regulations and interpretations. There can be no assurance that deductions claimed by the Partnership in reliance upon the opinion of Conner & Winters will not be challenged successfully by the Service.

 

OPERATIONAL RISKS

 

Risks Inherent in Oil and Gas Operations

 

The Partnership will be participating with the General Partner in acquiring producing oil and gas leases and in the drilling of those oil and gas wells commenced by the General Partner from the later of January 1, 2005 or the time the Partnership is formed through December 31, 2005 and, with certain limited exceptions, serving as a co-general partner of any oil and gas drilling or income programs, or both, formed by the General Partner or UNIT during 2005.

 

All drilling to establish productive oil and natural gas properties is inherently speculative. The techniques presently available to identify the existence and location of pools of oil and natural gas are indirect, and, therefore, a considerable amount of personal judgment is involved in the selection of any prospect for drilling. The economics of oil and natural gas drilling and production are affected or may be affected in the future by a number of factors which are beyond the control of the General Partner, including (i) the general demand in the economy for energy fuels, (ii) the worldwide supply of oil and natural gas, (iii) the price of, as well as governmental policies with respect to, oil imports, (iv) potential competition from competing alternative fuels, (v) governmental regulation of prices for oil and natural gas production, gathering and transportation, (vi) state regulations affecting allowable rates of production, well spacing and other factors, and (vii) availability of drilling rigs, casing and other necessary goods and services. See “COMPETITION, MARKETS AND REGULATION.” The revenues, if any, generated from Partnership operations will be highly dependent upon the future prices and demand for oil and natural gas. The factors enumerated above affect, and will continue to affect, oil and natural gas prices. Recently, prices for oil and natural gas have fluctuated over a wide range.

 

Operating and Environmental Hazards

 

Operating hazards such as fires, explosions, blowouts, unusual formations, formations with abnormal pressures and other unforeseen conditions are sometimes encountered in drilling wells. On occasion, substantial liabilities to third parties or governmental entities may be incurred, the payment of which could reduce the funds available for exploration and development or result in loss of Partnership Properties. The Partnership will attempt to maintain customary insurance coverage, but the Partnership may be subject to liability for pollution and other damages or may lose substantial portions of its properties due to hazards against which it cannot insure or against which it may elect not to insure due to unreasonably high or prohibitive premium costs or for other reasons. The activities of the Partnership may expose it to potential liability for pollution or other damages under laws and regulations relating to environmental matters (see “Government Regulation and Environmental Risks” below).

 

Competition

 

The oil and gas industry is highly competitive. The Partnership will be involved in intense competition for the acquisition of quality undeveloped leases and producing oil and gas properties. There can be no assurance

 

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that a sufficient number of suitable oil and gas properties will be available for acquisition or development by the Partnership. The Partnership will be competing with numerous major and independent companies which possess financial resources and staffs larger than those available to it. The Partnership, therefore, may be unable in certain instances to acquire desirable leases or supplies or may encounter delays in commencing or completing Partnership operations.

 

Markets for Oil and Natural Gas Production

 

Historically (prior to the early 1980s), world oil prices were established and maintained largely as a result of the actions of members of OPEC to limit, and maintain a base price for, their oil production. Until recently, however, members of OPEC were unable to agree to and maintain price and production controls, which resulted in significant downward pressure on oil prices. Commencing in early 2001, OPEC members were able to reach agreement on oil production levels which has contributed to a rise in oil prices. Although future levels of production by the members of OPEC or the degree to which oil prices will be affected thereby cannot be predicted, it is possible that prices for oil produced in the future will be higher or lower than those currently available. There can be no assurance that the oil that the Partnership produces can be marketed on favorable price and other contractual terms. See “COMPETITION, MARKETS AND REGULATION — Marketing of Production.”

 

The natural gas market is also unsettled due to a number of factors. In the past, production from natural gas wells in some geographic areas of the United States was curtailed for considerable periods of time due to a lack of market demand. Over the past several years demand for natural gas has increased greatly limiting the number of wells being shut in for lack of demand. It is possible, however, that Partnership Wells may in the future be shut-in or that natural gas will be sold on terms less favorable than might otherwise be obtained should demand for gas lessen in the future. Competition for available markets has been vigorous and there remains great uncertainty about prices that purchasers will pay. In recent years, significant court decisions and regulatory changes have affected the natural gas markets. As a result of such court decisions, regulatory changes and unsettled market conditions, natural gas regulations may be modified in the future and may be subject to further judicial review or invalidation. The combination of these factors, among others, makes it particularly difficult to estimate accurately future prices of natural gas, and any assumptions concerning future prices may prove incorrect. Natural gas surpluses could result in the Partnership’s inability to market natural gas profitably, causing Partnership Wells to curtail production and/or receive lower prices for its natural gas, situations which would adversely affect the Partnership’s ability to make cash distributions to its participants. See “COMPETITION, MARKETS AND REGULATION.”

 

In the event that the Partnership discovers or acquires natural gas reserves, there may be delays in commencing or continuing production due to the need for gathering and pipeline facilities, contract negotiation with the available market, pipeline capacities, seasonal takes by the gas purchaser or a surplus of available gas reserves in a particular area.

 

Government Regulation and Environmental Risks

 

The oil and gas business is subject to pervasive government regulation under which, among other things, rates of production from producing properties may be fixed and the prices for gas produced from such producing properties may be impacted. It is possible that these regulations pertaining to rates of production could become more pervasive and stringent in the future. The activities of the Partnership may expose it to potential liability under laws and regulations relating to environmental matters which could adversely affect the Partnership. Compliance with these laws and regulations may increase Partnership costs, delay or prevent the drilling of wells, delay or prevent the acquisition of otherwise desirable producing oil and gas properties, require the Partnership to cease operations in certain areas, and cause delays in the production of oil and gas. See “COMPETITION, MARKETING AND REGULATION.”

 

Leasehold Defects

 

In certain instances, the Partnership may not be able to obtain a title opinion or report with respect to a producing property that is acquired. Consequently, the Partnership’s title to any such property may be uncertain. Furthermore, even if certain technical defects do appear in title opinions or reports with respect to a particular property, the General Partner, in its sole discretion, may determine that it is in the best interest of the Partnership to acquire such property without taking any curative action.

 

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TERMS OF THE OFFERING

 

General

 

    600 Maximum Units; 50 Minimum Units

 

    $1,000 Units; Minimum subscription: $2,000

 

    Minimum Partnership: $50,000 in subscriptions

 

    Maximum Partnership: $600,000 in subscriptions

 

Limited Partnership Interests

 

The Partnership hereby offers to certain employees (described under “Subscription Rights” below) and directors of UNIT and its subsidiaries an aggregate of 600 Units. The purchase price of each Unit is $1,000, and the minimum permissible purchase by any eligible subscriber is two Units ($2,000). See “Subscription Rights” below for the maximum number of Units that may be acquired by subscribers.

 

The Partnership will be formed as an Oklahoma limited partnership upon the closing of the offering of Units made by this Memorandum. The General Partner will be Unit Petroleum Company (the “General Partner” , or “UPC” ), an Oklahoma corporation. Partnership operations will be conducted from the General Partner’s offices, the address of which is 7130 South Lewis, Suite 1000, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136, telephone (918) 493-7700.

 

The offering of Units will be closed on January 21, 2005 unless extended by the General Partner for up to 30 days, and all Units subscribed will be issued on the Effective Date. The offering may be withdrawn by the General Partner at any time prior to such date if it believes it to be in the best interests of the eligible employees and Directors or the General Partner not to proceed with the offering.

 

If at least 50 Units ($50,000) are not subscribed prior to the termination of the offering, the Partnership will not commence business. The General Partner may, on its own accord, purchase Units and, in such capacity, will enjoy the same rights and obligations as other Limited Partners, except the General Partner will have unlimited liability. The General Partner may, in its discretion, purchase Units sufficient to reach the minimum Aggregate Subscription ($50,000). Because the General Partner or its affiliates might benefit from the successful completion of this offering (see “PARTICIPATION IN COSTS, AND REVENUES” and “COMPENSATION”), investors should not expect that sales of the minimum Aggregate Subscription indicate that such sales have been made to investors that have no financial or other interest in the offering or that have otherwise exercised independent investment discretion. Further, the sale of the minimum Aggregate Subscription is not designed as a protection to investors to indicate that their interest is shared by other unaffiliated investors and no investor should place any reliance on the sale of the minimum Aggregate Subscription as an indication of the merits of this offering. Units acquired by the General Partner will be for investment purposes only without a present intent for resale and there is no limit on the number of Units that may be acquired by it.

 

Subscription Rights

 

Units are offered only to persons who are salaried employees of UNIT or its subsidiaries at the date of formation of the Partnership and whose annual base salaries for 2004 (excluding bonuses) have been set at $36,000 or more and to directors of UNIT. Only employees and directors who are U.S. citizens are eligible to participate in the offering. In addition, employees and directors must be able to bear the economic risks of an investment in the Partnership and must have sufficient investment experience and expertise to evaluate the risks and merits of such an investment. See “PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION — Suitability of Investors.”

 

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Eligible employees and directors are restricted as to the number of Units they may purchase in the offering. The maximum number of Units which can be acquired by any employee is that number of whole Units which can be purchased with an amount which does not exceed one-half of the employee’s base salary for 2004. Each director of UNIT may subscribe for a maximum of 250 Units (maximum investment of $250,000). At December 9, 2004 there were approximately 376 people eligible to purchase Units.

 

Eligible employees and directors may acquire Units through a corporation or other entity in which all of the beneficial interests are owned by them or permitted assignees (see “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Transferability of Interests”); provided that such employees or Directors will be jointly and severally liable with such entity for payment of the Capital Subscription.

 

If all eligible employees and directors subscribed for the maximum number of Units, the Units would be oversubscribed. In that event, Units would be allocated among the respective subscribers in the proportion that each subscription amount bears to total subscriptions obtained.

 

No employee is obligated to purchase Units in order to remain in the employ of UNIT, and the purchase of Units by any employee will not obligate UNIT to continue the employment of such employee. Units may be subscribed for by the spouse or a trust for the minor children of eligible employees and directors.

 

Payment for Units; Delinquent Installment

 

The Capital Subscriptions of the Limited Partners will be payable either (i) in four equal Installments, the first of such Installments being due on March 15, 2005 and the remaining three of such Installments being due on June 15, September 15, and December 15, 2005, respectively, or (ii) by employees so electing in the space provided on the Subscription Agreement, through equal deductions from 2005 salary paid to the employee by the General Partner, UNIT or its subsidiaries commencing immediately after formation of the Partnership. If an employee or director who has subscribed for Units (either directly or through a corporation or other entity) ceases to be employed by or serve as a director of the General Partner, UNIT or any of its subsidiaries for any reason other than death, disability or Normal Retirement prior to the time the full amount of all Installments not waived by the General Partner as described below are due, then the due date for any such unpaid Installments shall be accelerated so that the full amount of his or her unpaid Capital Subscription will be due and payable on the effective date of such termination.

 

Each Installment will be a legally binding obligation of the Limited Partner and any past due amounts will bear interest at an annual rate equal to two percentage points in excess of the prime rate of interest of Bank of Oklahoma, N.A., Tulsa, Oklahoma; provided, however, that if the General Partner determines that the total Aggregate Subscription is not required to fund the Partnership’s business and operations, then the General Partner may, at its sole option, elect to release the Limited Partners from their obligation to pay one or more Installments. If the General Partner elects to waive the payment of an Installment, it will notify all Limited Partners promptly in writing of its decision and will, to the extent required, amend the certificate of limited partnership and any other relevant Partnership documents accordingly. It is currently anticipated that the total Aggregate Subscription will be required, however, to fund the Partnership’s business and operations.

 

In the event a Limited Partner fails to pay any Installment when due and the General Partner has not released the Limited Partners from their obligation to pay such Installment, then the General Partner, at its sole option and discretion, may elect to purchase the Units of such defaulting Limited Partner at a price equal to the total amount of the Capital Contributions actually paid into the Partnership by such defaulting Limited Partner, less the amount of any Partnership distributions that may have been received by him or her. Such option may be exercised by the General Partner by written notice to the Limited Partner at any time after the date that the unpaid Installment was due and will be deemed exercised when the amount of the purchase price is first tendered to the defaulting Limited Partner. The General Partner may, in its discretion, accept payments of delinquent Installments not waived by it but will not be required to do so.

 

In the event that the General Partner elects to purchase the Units of a defaulting Limited Partner, it must pay into the Partnership the amount of the delinquent Installment (excluding any interest that may have accrued thereon) and pay each additional Installment, if any, payable with respect to such Units as it becomes due. By virtue of such purchase, the General Partner will be allocated all Partnership Revenues, be charged with all Partnership costs and expenses attributable to such Units and will enjoy the same rights and obligations as other Limited Partners, except the General Partner will have unlimited liability.

 

 

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Right of Presentment

 

After December 31, 2006, and annually thereafter, Limited Partners will have the right to present their Units to the General Partner for purchase. The General Partner will not be obligated to purchase more than 20% of the then outstanding Units in any one calendar year. The purchase price to be paid for the Units of any Limited Partner presenting them for purchase will be based on the net asset value of the Partnership which shall be equal to:

 

  (1) The value of the proved reserves attributable to the Partnership Properties, determined as set forth below; plus

 

  (2) The estimated salvage value of tangible equipment installed on Partnership Wells less the costs of plugging and abandoning the wells, both discounted at the rate utilized to determine the value of the Partnership’s reserves as set forth below; plus

 

  (3) The lower of cost or fair market value of all Partnership Properties to which proved reserves have not been attributed but which have not been condemned, as determined by an independent petroleum engineering firm or the General Partner, as the case may be; plus

 

  (4) Cash on hand; plus

 

  (5) Prepaid expenses and accounts receivable (less a reasonable reserve for doubtful accounts); plus

 

  (6) The estimated market value of all other Partnership assets not included in (1) through (5) above, determined by the General Partner; MINUS

 

  (7) An amount equal to all debts, obligations and other liabilities of the Partnership.

 

The price to be paid for each Limited Partner’s interest of the net asset value will be his or her proportionate share of such net asset value less 75% of the amount of any distributions received by him or her which are attributable to the sales of the Partnership production since the date as of which the Partnership’s proved reserves are estimated.

 

The value of the proved reserves attributable to Partnership Properties will be determined as follows:

 

  (i) First, the future net revenues from the production and sale of the proved reserves will be estimated as of the end of the calendar year in which presentment is made based on an independent engineering firm’s report and its determinations of the prices to be used as well as the escalations, if any, of such prices and cost or, if no report was made, as determined by the General Partner;

 

  (ii) Next, the future net revenues from the production and sale of proved reserves as determined above will be discounted at an annual rate which is one percentage point higher than the prime rate of interest being charged by the Bank of Oklahoma, N.A., Tulsa, Oklahoma, or any successor bank, as of the date such reserves are estimated; and

 

  (iii) Finally, the total discounted value of the future net revenues from the production and sale of proved reserves will be reduced by an additional 25% to take into account the risks and uncertainties associated with the production and sale of the reserves and other unforeseen uncertainties.

 

A Limited Partner who elects to have his or her Units purchased by the General Partner should be aware that estimates of future net recoverable reserves of oil and gas and estimates of future net revenues to be received therefrom are based on a great many factors, some of which, particularly future prices of production, are usually variable and uncertain and are always determined by predictions of future events. Accordingly, it is common for the actual production and revenues received to vary from earlier estimates. Estimates made in the first few years

 

16


of production from a property will be based on relatively little production history and will not be as reliable as later estimates based on longer production history. As a result of all the foregoing, reserve estimates and estimates of future net revenues from production may vary from year to year.

 

This right of presentment may be exercised by written notice from a Limited Partner to the General Partner. The sale will be effective as of the close of business on the last day of the calendar year in which such notice is given or, at the General Partner’s election, at 7:00 A.M. on the following day. Within 120 days after the end of the calendar year, the General Partner will furnish each Limited Partner who gave such notice during the calendar year a statement showing the cash purchase price which would be paid for the Limited Partner’s interest as of December 31 of the preceding year, which statement will include a summary of estimated reserves and future net revenues and sufficient material to reveal how the purchase price was determined. The Limited Partner must, within 30 days after receipt of such statement, reaffirm his or her election to sell to the General Partner.

 

As noted above, the General Partner will not be obligated to purchase in any one calendar year more than 20% of the Units in the Partnership then outstanding. Moreover, the General Partner will not be obligated to purchase any Units pursuant to such right if such purchase, when added to the total of all other sales, exchanges, transfers or assignments of Units within the preceding 12 months, would result in the Partnership being considered to have terminated within the meaning of Section 708 of the Code or would cause the Partnership to lose its status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. If more than the number of Units which may be purchased are tendered in any one year, the Limited Partners from whom the Units are to be purchased will be determined by lot. Any Units presented but not purchased with respect to one year will have priority for such purchase the following year.

 

The General Partner does not intend to establish a cash reserve to fund its obligation to purchase Units, but will use funds provided by its operations or borrowed funds (if available), using its assets (including such Units purchased or to be purchased from Limited Partners) as collateral to fund such obligations. However, there is no assurance that the General Partner will have sufficient financial resources to discharge its obligations.

 

Rollup or Consolidation of Partnership

 

The Agreement provides that two years or more after the Partnership has completed substantially all of its property acquisition, drilling and development operations, the General Partner may, without the vote, consent or approval of the Limited Partners, cause all or substantially all of the oil and gas properties and other assets of the Partnership to be sold, assigned or transferred to, or the Partnership merged or consolidated with, another partnership or a corporation, trust or other entity for the purpose of combining the assets of two or more of the oil and gas partnerships formed for investment or participation by employees, directors and/or consultants of UNIT or any of its subsidiaries; provided, however, that the valuation of the oil and gas properties and other assets of all such participating partnerships for purposes of such transfer or combination shall be made on a consistent basis and in a manner which the General Partner and UNIT believe is fair and equitable to the Limited Partners. As a consequence of any such transfer or combination, the Partnership shall be dissolved and terminated and the Limited Partners shall receive partnership interests, stock or other equity interests in the transferee or resulting entity. Any such action will cause the Limited Partners’ attributable interest in the Partnership Properties to be diluted but it will also provide them with attributable interests in the properties and other assets of the other partnerships participating in the consolidation. It also may reduce somewhat the amount of their attributable shares of the direct and indirect costs of administering the Partnership. See “RISK FACTORS — Investment Risks - Roll-Up or Consolidation of Partnership.”

 

ADDITIONAL FINANCING

 

The General Partner will use its best efforts, consistent with Partnership objectives, to acquire Productive properties and complete the Partnership’s drilling and development operations before the Aggregate Subscription has been fully expended or committed. However, funds in addition to the Aggregate Subscription may be required to pay costs and expenses which are chargeable to the Limited Partners. In those instances described below, the General Partner may call for Additional Assessments or may apply Partnership Revenue allocable to the Limited Partners in payment and satisfaction of such costs or the General Partner may, but shall not be required to, fund the deficiency with Partnership borrowings to be repaid with Partnership Revenue.

 

 

17


Additional Assessments

 

When the Aggregate Subscription has been fully expended or committed, the General Partner may make one or more calls for any portion or all of the maximum Additional Assessments of $100 per Unit. However, no Additional Assessments may be required before the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended. Such assessments may be used to pay the Limited Partners’ share of the Drilling Costs, Special Production and Marketing Costs or Leasehold Acquisition Costs of Productive properties which are chargeable to the Limited Partners. The amount of the Additional Assessment so called shall be due and payable on or before such date as the General Partner may set in such call, which in no event will be earlier than thirty (30) days after the date of mailing of the call. The notice of the call for Additional Assessments will specify the amount of the assessment being required, the intended use of such funds, the date on which the contributions are payable and describe the consequences of nonpayment. Although the Limited Partners who do not respond will participate in production, if any, obtained from operations conducted with the proceeds from the aggregate Additional Assessments paid into the Partnership, the amount of the unpaid Additional Assessment shall bear interest at the annual rate equal to two (2) percentage points in excess of the prime rate of interest of Bank of Oklahoma, N.A., Tulsa, Oklahoma, or successor bank, as announced and in effect from time to time, until paid. The Partnership will have a lien on the defaulting Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership and the General Partner may retain Partnership Revenue otherwise available for distribution to the defaulting Limited Partner until an amount equal to the unpaid Additional Assessment and interest is received. Furthermore, the General Partner may satisfy such lien by proceeding with legal action to enforce the lien and the defaulting Limited Partner shall pay all expenses of collection, including interest, court costs and a reasonable attorney’s fee.

 

Prior Programs

 

In the prior employee programs conducted by UNIT or the General Partner in each of the years 1984 through 2004, Additional Assessments could be called for as provided herein. At September 30, 2004, there had been no calls for Additional Assessments in such programs. There can be no assurance, however, that Additional Assessments will not be required to pay Partnership costs.

 

Partnership Borrowings

 

At any time after the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended, the General Partner may cause the Partnership to borrow funds for the purpose of paying Drilling Costs, Special Production and Marketing Costs or Leasehold Acquisition Costs of Productive properties, which borrowings may be secured by interests in the Partnership Properties and will be repaid, including interest accruing thereon, out of Partnership Revenue. The General Partner may, but is not required to, advance funds to the Partnership for the same purposes for which Partnership borrowings are authorized. With respect to any such advances, the General Partner will receive interest in an amount equal to the lesser of the interest which would be charged to the Partnership by unrelated banks on comparable loans for the same purpose or the General Partner’s interest cost with respect to such loan, where it borrows the same. No financing charges will be levied by the General Partner in connection with any such loan. If Partnership borrowings secured by interests in the Partnership Wells and repayable out of Partnership Revenue cannot be arranged on a basis which, in the opinion of the General Partner, is fair and reasonable, and the entire sum required to pay such costs is not available from Partnership Revenue, the General Partner may dispose of some or all of the Partnership Properties upon which such operations were to be conducted by sale, farm-out or abandonment.

 

If the Partnership requires funds to conduct Partnership operations during the period between any of the Installments due from the Limited Partners, then, notwithstanding the foregoing, the General Partner shall advance funds to the Partnership in an amount equal to the funds then required to conduct such operations but in no event more than the total amount of the Aggregate Subscription remaining unpaid. With respect to any such advances, the General Partner shall receive no interest thereon and no financing charges will be levied by the General Partner in connection therewith. The General Partner shall be repaid out of the Installments thereafter paid into the capital of the Partnership when due.

 

The Partnership may attempt to finance any expenses in excess of the Partners’ Capital Subscriptions by the foregoing means and any other means which the General Partner deems in the best interests of the Partnership, but the Partnership’s inability to meet such costs could result in the deferral of drilling operations or in the

 

18


inability to participate in future drilling or in non-consent penalties pursuant to which co-owners of particular working interests recover several times the amount which would have been funded by the Partnership in accordance with its ownership interest before the Partnership would participate in revenues.

 

The use of Partnership Revenue allocable to the Limited Partners to pay Partnership costs and expenses and to repay any Partnership borrowings will mean that such revenue will not be available for distribution to the Limited Partners. Nonetheless, the Limited Partners may incur income tax liability by virtue of that revenue and, thus, may not receive distributions from the Partnership in amounts necessary to pay such income tax. However, the use of such revenue to pay Partnership costs and expenses may generate additional deductions for the Limited Partners.

 

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 

Units will be offered privately only to select persons who can demonstrate to the General Partner that they have both the economic means and investment expertise to qualify as suitable investors. The Units will be offered and sold by the officers and directors of UPC or UNIT.

 

Suitability of Investors

 

Subscriptions should be made only by appropriate persons who can reasonably benefit from an investment in the Partnership. In this regard, a subscription will generally be accepted only from a person who can represent that such person has (or in the case of a husband and wife, acting as joint tenants, tenants in common or tenants in the entirety, that they have) a net worth, including home, furnishings and automobiles, of at least five times the amount of his or her Capital Subscription, and estimates that such person will have during the current year adjusted gross income in an amount which will enable him or her to bear the economic risks of his or her investment in the Partnership. Such person must also demonstrate that he or she has sufficient investment experience and expertise to evaluate the risks and merits of an investment in the Partnership.

 

Participation in the Partnership is intended only for those persons willing to assume the risk of a speculative, illiquid, long-term investment. Entitlement to and maintenance of the exemptions from registration provided by Sections 3(b) and/or 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, require the imposition of certain limitations on the persons to whom offers may be made, and from whom subscriptions may be accepted. Therefore, this offering is limited to persons who, by virtue of investment acumen or financial resources, satisfy the General Partner that they meet suitability standards consistent with the maintenance and preservation of the exemptions provided by Sections 3(b) and/or 4(2) and by the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as those contained herein and in the Subscription Agreement. Persons offering interests shall sufficiently inquire of a prospective investor to be reasonably assured that such investor meets such acceptable standards. Suitability standards may also be imposed by the regulatory authorities of the various states in which interests may be offered.

 

 

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RELATIONSHIP OF THE PARTNERSHIP,

THE GENERAL PARTNER AND AFFILIATES

 

The following diagram depicts the primary relationships among the Partnership, the General Partner and certain of its affiliates.

 

UNIT CORPORATION

 

General Partner    
Unit Petroleum Company   Unit Drilling Company

Unit 2005 Employee Oil & Gas

Limited Partnership

   
Limited Partners    

Eligible Employees

and

Directors

   

 

PROPOSED ACTIVITIES

 

General

 

The Partnership will, with certain limited exceptions, participate in all of UNIT’s or UPC’s oil and gas activities commenced during 2005. The Partnership will acquire 1% of essentially all of UNIT’s interest in such activities. The activities will include (i) participating as a joint working interest owner with UNIT or UPC in any producing leases acquired and in any wells commenced by UNIT or UPC other than as a general partner in a drilling or income program during 2004 and (ii) serving as a co-general partner in any drilling or income programs, or both, formed by the General Partner or UNIT during 2005.

 

Acquisition of Properties and Drilling Operations . The Partnership will participate, to the extent of 1% of UPC or UNIT’s final interest in each well, as a fractional working interest holder in any producing leases acquired and in any drilling operations conducted by UPC or UNIT for its own account which are acquired or commenced, respectively, from January 1, 2005, or the time of the formation of the Partnership if subsequent to January 1, 2005, until December 31, 2005, except for wells, if any:

 

  (i) drilled outside the 48 contiguous United States;

 

  (ii) drilled as part of secondary or tertiary recovery operations which were in existence prior to formation of the Partnership;

 

  (iii) drilled by third parties under farm-out or similar arrangements with UNIT or the General Partner or whereby UNIT or the General Partner may be entitled to an overriding royalty, reversionary or other similar interest in the production from such wells but is not obligated to pay any of the Drilling Costs thereof;

 

  (iv) acquired by UNIT or the General Partner through the acquisition by UNIT or the General Partner of, or merger of UNIT or the General Partner with, other companies (However, this exception may, at the discretion of Unit or the General Partner, be waived); or

 

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  (v) with respect to which the General Partner does not believe that the potential economic return therefrom justifies the costs of participation by the Partnership.

 

Instances referred to in (v) could occur when UNIT or one of its subsidiaries agrees to participate in the ownership of a prospect for its own account in order to obtain the contract to drill the well thereon. There may be situations where the potential economic return of the well alone would not be sufficient to warrant participation by UNIT but when considered in light of the revenues expected to be realized as a result of the drilling contract, such participation is desirable from UNIT’s standpoint. However, in such a situation, the Partnership would not be entitled to any of the revenues generated by the drilling contract so its participation in the well would not be desirable.

 

For these purposes, the drilling of a well will be deemed to have commenced on the “spud date,” i.e., the date that the drilling rig is set up and actual drilling operations are commenced. Any clearing or other site preparation operations will not be considered part of the drilling operations for these purposes.

 

Participation in Drilling or Income Programs . Except for certain limited exceptions it is anticipated that the Partnership will participate with UPC or UNIT as a co-general partner of any drilling or income programs, or both, formed by UPC or UNIT and its affiliates during 2005. The Partnership will be charged with 1% of the total costs and expenses charged to the general partners and allocated 1% of the revenues allocable to the general partners in any such program and UPC or UNIT will be charged with the remaining 99% of the general partners’ share of costs and expenses and allocated the remaining 99% of the general partners’ share of program revenues.

 

UNIT or its affiliates formed drilling programs for outside investors from 1979 through 1984. In 1987, the Unit 1986 Energy Income Limited Partnership (the “1986 Energy Program” ) was formed primarily to acquire interests in producing oil and gas properties. See “PRIOR ACTIVITIES.” All of the programs were formed as limited partnerships and interests in all of the programs other than the Unit 1979 Oil and Gas Program and the 1986 Energy Program were offered in registered public offerings. The 1979 Program and 1986 Energy Program were offered privately to a limited number of sophisticated investors.

 

No drilling or income programs for third party investors were formed in 2004. Although it does not currently contemplate doing so, UNIT may form such drilling or income programs during 2005. If such a program is formed, there would be only one or two such programs and they probably would be privately offered. The precise revenue and cost sharing format of any such programs has not been determined.

 

The cost and revenue sharing provisions of virtually all drilling programs offered to third parties generally require the limited partners or investors to bear a somewhat higher percentage of the program’s drilling and development costs than the percentage of program revenues to which they are entitled. Likewise, the general partners will normally receive a higher percentage of revenues than the percentage of drilling and development costs which they are required to pay. The difference in these percentages is often referred to as the general partners’ “promote.” Any drilling program which UNIT or UPC may form in 2005 for outside investors would likely have some amount of “promote” for the general partner(s).

 

Any income program may use the same or a similar format as that used for the 1986 Partnership. In the 1986 Partnership, virtually all partnership costs and expenses other than property acquisition costs are allocated to the partners in the same percentages that partnership revenue is being shared at the time such expenses are incurred, with property acquisition costs and certain other expenses being charged 85% to the accounts of the limited partners and 15% to the accounts of the general partners. Partnership revenue in the 1986 Partnership is allocated 85% to the limited partners’ accounts and 15% to the general partners’ accounts until program payout (as defined in the agreement of limited partnership for the 1986 Partnership). After program payout, the percentages of partnership revenue allocable to the respective accounts of the partners depend upon the length of the period during which program payout occurs and range from 60% to the limited partners’ accounts and 40% to the general partners’ accounts to 85% to the limited partners’ accounts and 15% to the general partners’ accounts.

 

As co-general partners of any drilling or income programs that may be formed by UNIT and/or UPC during 2005 and participated in by the Partnership, UNIT and/or UPC and the Partnership will share the costs, expenses and revenues allocable to the general partners on a proportionate basis, 99% for the account of UNIT

 

21


and/or UPC and 1% for the account of the Partnership. The Partnership will not receive any portion of any management fees payable to the general partners nor any fees or payments for supervisory services which UNIT or UPC may render to such programs as operator of program wells or other fees and payments which UNIT or UPC may be entitled to receive from such programs for services rendered to them or goods, materials, equipment or other property sold to them.

 

Extent and Nature of Operations . Although the General Partner maintains a general inventory of prospects, it cannot predict with certainty on which of those prospects wells will be started during 2005 nor can it predict what producing properties, if any, will be acquired by it during 2005. Further, since the General Partner anticipates that the Partnership will acquire a small interest (either directly or through any drilling or income programs of which it or UNIT serves as a general partner) in approximately 150 - 200 wells (however, the exact number of wells may vary greatly depending on the actual activity undertaken), it would be impractical to describe in any detail all of the properties in which the Partnership can be expected to acquire some interest.

 

The Partnership’s drilling and development operations are expected to include both Exploratory Wells and comparatively lower-risk Development Wells. Exploratory Wells include both the high-risk “wildcat” wells which are located in areas substantially removed from existing production and “controlled” Exploratory Wells which are located in areas where production has been established and where objective horizons have produced from similar geological features in the vicinity. Based on UNIT’s historical profile of its drilling operations, it is presently anticipated that the portion of the Aggregate Subscription expended for Partnership drilling operations (see “APPLICATION OF PROCEEDS”) will be spent approximately 7% on Exploratory Wells and 93% on Development Wells. However, these percentages may vary significantly.

 

Certain of the Partnership’s Development Wells may be drilled on prospects on which initial drilling operations were conducted by the General Partner or UNIT prior to the formation of the Partnership. Further, certain of the Partnership Wells will be drilled on prospects on which the General Partner, UNIT or possibly future employee programs may conduct additional drilling operations in years subsequent to 2005. In either instance, the Partnership will have an interest only in those wells begun in 2005 and will have no rights in production from wells commenced in years other than 2005 even though such other wells may be located on prospects or spacing units on which Partnership Wells have been drilled. Furthermore, it is possible that in years subsequent to 2005, UNIT, UPC or possibly future employee programs will acquire additional interests in wells participated in by the Partnership. In such event the Partnership will generally not be entitled to share in the acquisition of such additional interests. With respect to the acquisition of producing properties, UNIT will endeavor to diversify its investments by acquiring properties located in differing geographic locations and by balancing its investments between properties having high rates of production in early years and properties with more consistent production over a longer term. See “CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS — Acquisition of Properties and Drilling Operations.”

 

Partnership Objectives

 

The Partnership is being formed to provide eligible employees and directors the opportunity to participate in the oil and gas exploration and producing property acquisition activities of UNIT during 2005. UNIT hopes that participation in the Partnership will provide the participants with greater proprietary interests in its operations and the potential for realizing a more direct benefit in the event these operations prove to be profitable. The Partnership has been structured to achieve the objective of providing the Limited Partners with essentially the same economic returns that UNIT realizes from the wells drilled or acquired during 2005.

 

Areas of Interest

 

The Agreement authorizes the Partnership to engage in oil and gas exploration, drilling and development operations and to acquire producing oil and gas properties anywhere in the United States, but the areas presently under consideration are located in the states of Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana, Kansas, Arkansas, Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, New Mexico, Mississippi and Wyoming. It is possible that the Partnership may drill in inland waterways, riverbeds, bayous or marshes but no drilling in the open seas will be attempted. Plans to conduct drilling and development operations or to acquire producing properties in certain of these states may be abandoned if attractive prospects cannot be obtained upon satisfactory terms or if the Partnership is not fully subscribed.

 

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Transfer of Properties

 

In the case of wells drilled or producing properties acquired by the Partnership and UPC or UNIT for their own accounts and not through another drilling or income program, the Partnership will acquire from UPC or UNIT a portion of the fractional undivided working interest in the properties or portions thereof comprising the spacing unit on which a proposed Partnership Well is to be drilled or on which a producing Partnership Well is located, and UPC or UNIT will retain for its own account all or a portion of the remainder of such working interest. Such working interests will be sold to the Partnership for an amount equal to the Leasehold Acquisition Costs attributable to the interest being acquired. Neither UNIT nor its affiliates will retain any overrides or other burdens on the working interests conveyed to the Partnership, and the respective working interests of UPC or UNIT and the Partnership in a property will bear their proportionate shares of costs and revenues.

 

The Partnership’s direct interest in a property will only encompass the area included within the spacing unit on which a Partnership Well is to be drilled or on which a producing Partnership Well is located, and, in the case of a Partnership Well to be drilled, it will acquire that interest only when the drilling of the well is ready to commence. If the size of a spacing unit is ever reduced, or any subsequent well in which the Partnership has no interest is drilled thereon, the Partnership will have no interest in any additional wells drilled on properties which were part of the original spacing unit unless such additional wells are commenced during 2005. If additional interests in Partnership Wells are acquired in years subsequent to 2005 the Partnership will generally not be entitled to participate or share in the acquisition of such additional interests. In addition, if the Partnership Well drilled on a spacing unit is dry or abandoned, the Partnership will not have an interest in any subsequent or additional well drilled on the spacing unit unless it is commenced during 2005. The Partnership will never own any significant amounts of undeveloped properties or have an occasion to sell or farm out any undeveloped Partnership Properties.

 

Transfers of properties to any drilling or income programs of which the Partnership serves as a general partner will be governed by the provisions of the agreement of limited partnership in effect with respect thereto. If any such program is to be offered publicly, those provisions will have to be consistent with the provisions contained in the Guidelines for the Registration of Oil and Gas Programs adopted by the North American Securities Administrators Association, Inc.

 

Record Title to Partnership Properties

 

Record title to the Partnership Properties will be held by the General Partner. However, the General Partner will hold the Partnership Properties as a nominee for the Partnership under a form of nominee agreement to be entered into between the General Partner and the Partnership. Under the form of nominee agreement, the General Partner will disclaim any beneficial interest in the Partnership Properties held as nominee for the Partnership.

 

Marketing of Reserves

 

The General Partner has the authority to market the oil and gas production of the Partnership. In this connection, it may execute on behalf of the Partnership division orders, contracts for the marketing or sale of oil, gas or other hydrocarbons or other marketing agreements. Sales of the oil and gas production of the Partnership will be to independent third parties or to the General Partner or its affiliates (see “CONFLICTS OF INTEREST”).

 

Conduct of Operations

 

The General Partner will have full, exclusive and complete discretion and control over the management, business and affairs of the Partnership and will make all decisions affecting the Partnership Properties. To the extent that Partnership funds are reasonably available, the General Partner will cause the Partnership to (1) test and investigate the Partnership Properties by appropriate geological and geophysical means, (2) conduct drilling and development operations on such Partnership Properties as it deems appropriate in view of such testing and investigation, (3) attempt completion of wells so drilled if in its opinion conditions warrant the attempt and (4) properly equip and complete productive Partnership Wells. The General Partner will also cause the Partnership’s productive wells to be operated in accordance with sound and economical oil and gas recovery practices.

 

 

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The General Partner will operate certain drilling and productive wells on behalf of the Partnership in accordance with the terms of the Agreement (see “COMPENSATION”). In those cases, execution of separate operating agreements will not be necessary unless third party owners are involved, e.g., fractional undivided interest Partnership Properties and Partnership Properties that are pooled or unitized with other properties owned by third parties. In such cases, and in all cases where Partnership Properties are operated by third parties, the General Partner will, where appropriate, make or cause to be made and enter into operating agreements, pooling agreements, unitization agreements, etc., in the form in general use in the area where the affected property is located. The General Partner is also authorized to execute production sales contracts on behalf of the Partnership.

 

APPLICATION OF PROCEEDS

 

The Aggregate Subscription will be used to pay costs and expenses incurred in the operations of the Partnership which are chargeable to the Limited Partners. The organizational costs of the Partnership and the offering costs of the Units will be paid by the General Partner.

 

If all 600 Units offered hereby are sold, the proceeds to the Partnership would be $600,000. If the minimum 50 Units are sold, the proceeds to the Partnership would be $50,000. The General Partner estimates that the gross proceeds will be expended as follows:

 

     $600,000 Program

   $50,000 Program

     Percent

    Amount

   Percent

    Amount

Leasehold Acquisition Costs of Properties to Be Drilled

   5 %   $ 30,000    5 %   $ 2,500

Drilling Costs of Exploratory Wells

   5 %     30,000    5 %     2,500

Drilling Costs of Development Wells

   70 %     420,000    70 %     35,000

Leasehold Acquisition Costs of Productive Properties

   20 %     120,000    20 %     10,000

Total

   100 %   $ 600,000    100 %   $ 50,000

 

The foregoing allocation between Drilling Costs and Leasehold Acquisition Costs is solely an estimate and the actual percentages may vary materially from this estimate. Funds otherwise available for drilling Exploratory Wells will be reduced to the extent that such funds are used in conducting development operations in which the Partnership participates.

 

Until Capital Contributions are invested in the Partnership’s operations, they will be temporarily deposited, with or without interest, in one or more bank accounts of the Partnership or invested in short-term United States government securities, money market funds, bank certificates of deposit or commercial paper rated as “A1” or “P1” as the General Partner deems advisable. Partnership funds other than Capital Contributions may be commingled with the funds of the General Partner or UNIT.

 

PARTICIPATION IN COSTS AND REVENUES

 

All costs of organizing the Partnership and offering Units therein will be paid by the General Partner. All costs incurred in the offering and syndication of any drilling or income program formed by UPC or UNIT and its affiliates during 2005 in which the Partnership participates as a co-general partner will also be paid by the General Partner. All other Partnership costs and expenses will be charged 99% to the Limited Partners and 1% to the General Partner until such time as the Aggregate Subscription has been fully expended. Thereafter and until the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended, all of such costs and expenses will be charged to the General Partner. After the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended, such costs and expenses will be charged to the respective accounts of the General Partner and the Limited Partners on the basis of their respective Percentages (see “GLOSSARY”).

 

 

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All Partnership Revenues will be allocated between the General Partner and the Limited Partners on the basis of their respective Percentages.

 

The General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution will be determined as of December 31, 2005 and will be an amount equal to:

 

  (a) all costs and expenses previously charged to the General Partner as of that date, plus

 

  (b) the General Partner’s good faith estimate of the additional amounts that it will have to contribute in order to fund the Leasehold Acquisition Costs and Drilling Costs expected to be incurred by the Partnership after that date.

 

The respective Percentages of the General Partner and the Limited Partners will then be determined as of December 31, 2005 based on the relative contributions of the Partners previously made and expected to be made in the future during the remainder of the Partnership’s property acquisition and drilling phases. See “GLOSSARY — General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution”, “General Partner’s Percentage” and “ Limited Partners’ Percentage.” If the General Partner’s estimate of future Leasehold Acquisition Costs and Drilling Costs proves to be lower than the actual amount of such costs and expenses, the excess amounts will be charged to the Partners on the basis of their respective Percentages and the Limited Partners’ share will be paid out of their share of Partnership Revenues, Additional Assessments required of them or the proceeds of Partnership borrowings. See “ADDITIONAL FINANCING.” If the General Partner’s estimate of such costs and expenses proves to be higher than the actual costs and expenses, the General Partner will continue to bear Partnership costs and expenses that would otherwise have been chargeable to the Limited Partners until the total Partnership costs and expenses charged to it (including, without limitation, offering and organizational costs, Operating Expenses, general and administrative overhead costs and reimbursements and Special Production and Marketing Costs as well as Leasehold Acquisition Costs and Drilling Costs) since the formation of the Partnership equals the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution. In addition to actual contributions of cash or properties, any Partner will be deemed to have contributed amounts of Partnership Revenues allocated to it which are used to pay its share of Partnership costs and expenses.

 

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The following table presents a summary of the allocation of Partnership costs, expenses and revenues between the General Partner and the Limited Partners:

 

    

General Partner


     Limited Partners

COSTS AND EXPENSES

           

•      Organizational and offering costs of the Partnership and any drilling or income programs in which the Partnership participates as a co-general partner

   100%      0%

•      All other Partnership Costs and Expenses:

           

•      Prior to time Limited Partner Capital Contributions are Entirely expended

   1%      99%

•      After expenditure of Limited Partner Capital Contributions and until expenditure of General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution

   100%      0%

•      After expenditure of General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution

   General Partner’s Percentage      Limited Partners’
Percentage

REVENUES

   General Partner’s Percentage      Limited Partners’
Percentage

 

COMPENSATION

 

Supervision of Operations

 

It is anticipated that the General Partner will operate most, if not all, Partnership Properties during the drilling of Partnership Wells and most, if not all, productive Partnership Wells. For the General Partner’s services performed as operator, the Partnership will compensate the General Partner its pro rata portion of the compensation due to the General Partner under the operating agreements, if any, in effect with respect to such wells or, if none is in effect for such wells, at rates no higher than those normally charged in the same or a comparable geographic area by non-affiliated persons or companies dealing at arm’s length.

 

That portion of the General Partner’s general and administrative overhead expense that is attributable to its conduct of the actual and necessary business, affairs and operations of the Partnership will be reimbursed by the Partnership out of Partnership Revenue. The General Partner’s general and administrative overhead expenses are determined in accordance with industry practices. The costs and expenses to be allocated include all customary and routine legal, accounting, geological, engineering, travel, office rent, telephone, secretarial, salaries, data processing, word processing and other incidental reasonable expenses necessary to the conduct of the Partnership’s business and generated by the General Partner or allocated to it by UNIT, but will not include filing fees, commissions, professional fees, printing costs and other expenses incurred in forming the Partnership or offering interests therein. The amount of such costs and expenses to be reimbursed with respect to any particular period will be determined by allocating to the Partnership that portion of the General Partner’s total general and administrative overhead expense incurred during such period which is equal to the ratio of the Partnership’s total expenditures compared to the total expenditures by the General Partner for its own account. The portion of such general and administrative overhead expense reimbursement which is charged to the Limited

 

26


Partners may not exceed an amount equal to 3% of the Aggregate Subscription during the first 12 months of the Partnership’s operations, and in each succeeding twelve-month period, the lesser of (a) 2% of the Aggregate Subscription and (b) 10% of the total Partnership Revenue realized in such twelve-month period. Administrative expenses incurred directly by the Partnership, or incurred by the General Partner on behalf of the Partnership and reimbursable to the General Partner, such as legal, accounting, auditing, reporting, engineering, mailing and other such fees, costs and expenses are not considered a part of the general and administrative expense reimbursed to the General Partner and the amounts thereof will not be subject to the limitations described in the preceding sentence.

 

Purchase of Equipment and Provision of Services

 

UNIT, through its subsidiary Unit Drilling Company, will probably perform significant drilling services for the Partnership. UNIT also owns Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C., an Oklahoma limited liability company, which may build or own an interest in certain gathering systems through which a portion of the Partnership’s gas production is transported.

 

These persons are in the business of supplying such equipment and services to non-affiliated parties in the industry and any such equipment and such services will be acquired or provided at prices or rates no higher than those normally charged in the same or comparable geographic area by non-affiliated persons or companies dealing at arms’ length. Production purchased by any affiliate of UNIT will be for prices which are not less than the highest posted price (in the case of crude oil) or prevailing price (in the case of natural gas) in the same field or area.

 

UNIT or one of its affiliates may provide other goods or services to the Partnership in which event the compensation received therefore will be subject to the same restrictions and conditions described above and under “CONFLICTS OF INTEREST” below.

 

Prior Programs

 

UNIT was formed in 1986 in connection with a major reorganization and recapitalization whereby UNIT acquired all of the assets and liabilities of all of the limited partnerships formed by UNIT’s predecessor, Unit Drilling and Exploration Company ( “UDEC” ), during the period of 1980 through 1983 in exchange for shares of UNIT’s common stock and UDEC was merged with a wholly owned subsidiary of UNIT whereby UDEC was the surviving corporation and thereby became a wholly owned subsidiary of UNIT. UNIT has conducted one oil and gas program since the date of its formation, the 1986 Energy Program. The 1986 Energy Program was formed on June 12, 1987 with total subscriptions of one million dollars. The Unit 1986 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership is a co-general partner with Unit Petroleum Company of the 1986 Energy Program. Direct compensation charged to or paid by the partnerships and earned by the General Partners for their services in connection with these programs through September 30, 2004, is set forth below.

 

 

27


Program


   Management
Fee (1)


    Compensation for
Supervision and
Operation of
Productive and
Drilling Wells (2)(3)


   Reimbursement
of General
Administrative
and Overhead
Expense (2)(3)(4)


  

Fees
Received as

a Drilling
Contractor ( 2)


1979 (***)

   150,000     2,833,720    2,539,915    1,835,762

1980

   200,000     261,456    1,345,158    1,810,310

1981

   1,250,000 (5)   329,695    1,892,568    4,047,260

1981-II

   450,000     158,406    1,607,706    1,629,201

1982-A

   634,200     521,910    1,688,024    4,110,107

1982-B

   316,650     331,594    1,224,023    4,945,437

1983-A

   50,600     151,289    698,597    695,255

1984

   —       313,310    1,036,106    829,503

1984 Employee (*)

   —       3,924    5,000    13,452

1985 Employee (*)

   —       10,316    —      54,892

1986 Energy Income Fund (**)

   —       371,456    1,371,353    64,945

1986 Employee (*)

   —       23,505    —      59,446

1987 Employee (*)

   —       50,688    —      97,079

1988 Employee (*)

   —       93,854    —      112,861

1989 Employee (*)

   —       54,536    —      165,436

1990 Employee (*)

   —       28,884    —      144,722

1991 Employee (****)

   —       572,357    —      144,993

1992 Employee (****)

   —       159,914    —      14,934

1993 Employee (****)

   —       85,790    —      68,504

1994 Employee (****)

   —       122,392    —      42,135

1995 Employee (****)

   —       72,331    —      35,903

1996 Employee (****)

   —       85,199    —      112,911

1997 Employee (****)

   —       75,475    —      170,174

1998 Employee (****)

   —       57,689    —      161,343

1999 Employee (****)

   —       95,782    —      186,408

Consolidated Program (*)(****)

   —       279,288    —      734

2000 Employee

   —       78,525    —      600,771

2001 Employee

   —       22,371    —      360,950

2002 Employee

   —       15,235    —      273,603

2003 Employee

   —       10,960    —      446,564

2004 Employee

   —       684    —      419,357

(*) Effective December 31, 1993, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, this employee partnership was merged with and into the Unit Consolidated Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership (the “Consolidated Program”), with the latter being the surviving limited partnership. See Prior Activities.
(**) Formed primarily for purposes of acquiring producing oil and gas properties.
(***) Effective July 1, 2003 this program was dissolved.
(****) Effective December 31, 2002, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, this employee partnership was merged with and into the Unit Consolidated Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership (the “Consolidated Program”), with the latter being the surviving limited partnership. See Prior Activities.
(1) Paid to both UDEC and a prior Key Employee Exploration Fund as general partners. No management fee was payable to UDEC or any of its affiliates by any of the 1984 - 2004 Employee Programs and no management fee is payable by the Partnership to UNIT or any of its affiliates.

 

28


(2) Paid only to UDEC.
(3) In the case of compensation for supervision and operation of productive wells and reimbursement of UNIT’s general and administrative overhead expense, the general partners generally were charged with and paid a percentage of such amounts equal to the percentage of partnership revenues being allocated to them.
(4) Although the partnership agreement for each of the 1985 - 2004 Employee Programs provides that the General Partner is entitled to reimbursement for the general administrative and overhead expenses attributable to each of such programs, the General Partner has to date elected not to seek such reimbursement. However, there can be no assurance that the General Partner will continue to forego such reimbursement in the future.
(5) Includes a special allocation of gross revenues totaling $500,000.

 

MANAGEMENT

 

The General Partner

 

UNIT was formed in 1986 in connection with a major reorganization and recapitalization whereby UNIT acquired all of the assets and liabilities of all of the limited partnerships formed by UNIT’s predecessor, UDEC, in exchange for shares of UNIT’s common stock in a transaction whereby UDEC became a wholly owned subsidiary of UNIT. UPC was incorporated in the State of Oklahoma on February 9, 1984 as Sunshine Development Corporation ( “SDC” ) and was acquired by UDEC in 1985. The name was changed to Unit Petroleum Company in 1988. On October 8, 1985 pursuant to the terms of a Stock Purchase Agreement,” UDEC purchased all of the issued and outstanding stock of SDC whereby SDC became a wholly owned subsidiary of UDEC. On February 1, 1988, pursuant to the terms of an “Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation”, SDC was renamed Unit Petroleum Company.

 

UPC’s as well as UNIT’s, principal office is at 7130 South Lewis, Suite 1000, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136 and its telephone number is (918) 493-7700. UNIT through its various subsidiaries is engaged in the onshore contract drilling of oil and gas wells, the exploration for and production of oil and gas and the gathering and transportation of natural gas. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Memorandum to UNIT include its predecessor as well as all or any of its subsidiaries.

 

Officers, Directors and Key Employees

 

The Partnership will have no directors or officers. The directors of the General Partner are elected annually and serve until their successors are elected and qualified. Directors of UNIT are elected at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders for a staggered term of three years each, or until their successors are duly elected and qualified. The executive officers of the General Partner are elected by and serve at the pleasure of its Board of Directors. The names, ages and respective positions of the directors and executive officers of UNIT are as follows:

 

Name


   Age

    

Position


King P. Kirchner

   77     

Director

John G. Nikkel*

   69     

Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Larry D. Pinkston*

   50     

President, Chief Operating Officer and Director

Mark E. Schell

   47     

Senior Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel

David T. Merrill

   43     

Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer

William B. Morgan

   60     

Director

 

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Name


   Age

    

Position


Don Cook

   79     

Director

John S. Zink

   76     

Director

John H. Williams

   86     

Director

J. Michael Adcock

   55     

Director

Mark E. Monroe

   50     

Director


* Mr. Nikkel has announced his intention to resign as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company effective April 1, 2005. The Company’s Board of Directors has elected Mr. Pinkston to succeed Mr. Nikkel as the Company Chief Executive Officer.

 

The names, ages and respective positions of the directors and executive officers of UPC are as follows:

 

Name


   Age

    

Position


John G. Nikkel

   69     

Chairman of the Board and Director

Larry D. Pinkston

   50     

President and Director

Mark E. Schell

   47     

Senior Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel

 

Mr. Kirchner, a co-founder of UNIT, has been a director since 1963. He served as the Company’s President until November, 1983, as its Chief Executive Officer until June 30, 2001, and served as the Chairman of the Board until July 31, 2003. Mr. Kirchner is a Registered Professional Engineer within the State of Oklahoma, having received degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Oklahoma State University and in Petroleum Engineering, with honors, from the University of Oklahoma. Following graduation, he was employed by Lufkin Manufacturing as a development engineer for hydraulic pumping units. Prior to co-founding Unit, he served in the U.S. Army during the Korean War and after that as vice-president engineering and operations for Woolaroc Oil Company.

 

Mr. Nikkel joined Unit as its President, Chief Operating Officer and a director in 1983. He was elected its Chief Executive Officer in July, 2001 and Chairman of the Board in August, 2003. He currently holds the position of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. From 1976 until January, 1982 when he co-founded Nike Exploration Company, Mr. Nikkel was an officer and director of Cotton Petroleum Corporation, serving as the President of Cotton from 1979 until his departure. Prior to joining Cotton, Mr. Nikkel was employed by Amoco Production Company for 18 years, last serving as Division Geologist for Amoco’s Denver Division. Mr. Nikkel presently serves as President and a director of Nike Exploration Company. From August 16, 2000 until August 23, 2002 Mr. Nikkel, in connection with Unit’s investment in the company, also served as a director of Shenandoah Resources Ltd., a Canadian company. Shenandoah Resources Ltd. filed for creditors protection under The Companies’ Creditor Arrangement Act in April 2002 with the Court of Queen’s Bench of Alberta, Judicial District of Calgary. Mr. Nikkel received a Bachelor of Science degree in Geology and Mathematics from Texas Christian University.

 

Mr. Pinkston joined UNIT in December, 1981. He had served as Corporate Budget Director and Assistant Controller prior to being appointed Controller in February, 1985. In December, 1986 he was elected Treasurer of the company and was elected to the position of Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in May, 1989. In August, 2003, he was elected to the position of President of the company as well as serving as its Chief Financial Officer. He was elected a director of the company by the Board in January, 2004. In February, 2004, in addition to his position as President, he was elected to the office of Chief Operating Officer. He holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Accounting from East Central University of Oklahoma and is a Certified Public Accountant.

 

30


Mr. Schell joined UNIT in January, 1987, as its Secretary and General Counsel. In December, 2002, he was elected to the additional position of Senior Vice President. From 1979 until joining UNIT, Mr. Schell was Counsel, Vice President and a member of the Board of Directors of C&S Exploration, Inc. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Political Science from Arizona State University and his Juris Doctorate degree from the University of Tulsa Law School. He is a member of the Oklahoma and American Bar Association as well as being a member of the American Corporate Counsel Association and the American Society of Corporate Secretaries.

 

Mr. Merrill joined Unit in August, 2003 as Vice President, Finance. From May, 1999 through August, 2003, Mr. Merrill served as Senior Vice President, Finance with TV Guide Networks, Inc. From July, 1996 through May, 1999 he was a Senior Manager with Deloitte & Touche LLP. From July, 1994 through July, 1996 he was Director of Financial Reporting and Special Projects for MAPCO, Inc. He began his career as an auditor with Deloitte, Haskins & Sells in 1983. Mr. Merrill received a Bachelor of Business Administration Degree in Accounting from the University of Oklahoma and is a Certified Public Accountant. In February, 2004 he was elected to the position of Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer.

 

Mr. Morgan was elected a director of UNIT in February, 1988. For over 5 years, Mr. Morgan has been Executive Vice President and General Counsel of St. John Health System, Inc., Tulsa, Oklahoma, and the President of its principal for-profit subsidiary Utica Services, Inc. Before that, he was a Partner in the law firm of Doerner, Saunders, Daniel & Anderson, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for over 20 years.

 

Mr. Cook has served as a director of Unit since Unit’s inception. He is a Certified Public Accountant and was a partner in the accounting firm of Finley & Cook, Shawnee, Oklahoma, from 1950 until 1987, when he retired. Mr. Cook has been designated by the company’s board of directors as the Audit Committee’s financial expert.

 

Mr. Zink was elected a director of UNIT in May, 1982. For over 5 years, he has been a principal in several privately held companies engaged in the businesses of designing and manufacturing equipment used in the petroleum industry, construction, and heating and air conditioning services and installation. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from Oklahoma State University. He is also a director of Matrix Service Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma.

 

Mr. Williams was elected a director of UNIT in December, 1988. Prior to retiring on December 31, 1978, he was Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of The Williams Companies, Inc., where he continues to serve as an honorary director. Mr. Williams also serves as a director of Apco Argentina, Inc., Petrolera Perez Companc S.A., and Willbros Group, Inc. In addition, Mr. Williams is a member of the Tulsa Performing Arts Center Trust.

 

Mr. Adcock was elected a director of UNIT in December, 1997. He is an attorney and currently manages a private trust that deals in real estate, oil and gas properties and other equity investments. He is Chairman of the Board of Arvest Bank, Shawnee, and a director of Community Health Partners, Inc., formerly Mid America Healthcare, Inc. Between 1997 and September, 1998 he was the Chairman of the Board of Ameribank and President and Chief Executive Officer of American National Bank and Trust Company of Shawnee, Oklahoma, and Chairman of AmeriTrust Corporation, Tulsa, Oklahoma. Prior to holding these positions, he was engaged in the private practice of law and served as General Counsel for Ameribank Corporation.

 

Mr. Monroe was the Chief Executive Officer and President of Louis Dreyfus Natural Gas Corp., a publicly-held natural gas exploration and production company, until the sale of the company in 2001. Prior to the formation of Louis Dreyfus Natural Gas in 1990, Mr. Monroe was the Chief Financial Officer of Bogert Oil Company, a publicly-held exploration and production company headquartered in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. From 1976 to 1980, he was an Audit Manager for the public accounting firm of Deloitte & Touche in Dallas, Texas. Mr. Monroe currently serves as a member of the Board of Directors for Continental Resources, Inc., a privately-held exploration and production company headquartered in Enid, Oklahoma and on the board of the Oklahoma Independent Petroleum Association, of which he previously served as its President. He has served on the Domestic Petroleum Council, on the National Petroleum Council and on the Boards of the Independent Petroleum Association of America and the Petroleum Club of Oklahoma City. Mr. Monroe graduated from the University of Texas at Austin with a BBA degree in 1975 and is a Certified Public Accountant.

 

31


Prior Employee Programs

 

Since 1984, UNIT has formed limited partnerships for investment by certain of its key employees and directors that participate with UNIT in its exploration and production operations. The name, month of formation and amount of limited partner capital subscriptions of each of these limited partnerships (the “Employee Programs” ) are set forth below.

 

Name


  

Formed


   Limited
Partners’
Capital
Subscriptions


Unit 1984 Employee Oil and Gas Program

   April 1984    $ 348,000

Unit 1985 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 1985    $ 378,000

Unit 1986 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 1986    $ 307,000

Unit 1987 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   March 1987    $ 209,000

Unit 1988 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   April 29, 1988    $ 177,000

Unit 1989 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   December 30, 1988    $ 157,000

Unit 1990 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 19, 1990    $ 253,000

Unit 1991 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 7, 1991    $ 263,000

Unit 1992 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 23, 1992    $ 240,000

Unit 1993 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 21, 1993    $ 245,000

Unit 1994 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 19, 1994    $ 284,000

Unit 1995 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   March 7, 1995    $ 454,000

Unit 1996 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   February 5, 1996    $ 437,000

Unit 1997 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   February 4, 1997    $ 413,000

Unit 1998 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   February 19, 1998    $ 471,000

Unit 1999 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   February 22, 1999    $ 188,000

Unit 2000 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   February 22, 2000    $ 199,000

Unit 2001 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   February 9, 2001    $ 370,000

Unit 2002 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 30, 2002    $ 457,000

Unit 2003 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 31, 2003    $ 284,000

Unit 2004 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   February 18, 2004    $ 434,000

 

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One-half of the capital subscriptions from all limited partners were required to be paid in the 1984 Employee Program, three-fourths of the capital subscriptions from all limited partners were required to be paid in the 1985 Employee Program and the 1986 Employee Program. All of the capital subscriptions from all limited partners, including those shown below, were required to be paid in the 1987 through 2004 Employee Programs. The capital subscriptions of the following limited partners to the 2002, 2003 and 2004 Employee Programs were as shown below:

 

Subscriber


  

Position with UNIT


  

Amount of Capital

Subscription


      2002

   2003

   2004

King P. Kirchner (1)

  

Director

   100,000    40,000    $ 40,000

John G. Nikkel (2)

  

Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director

   200,000    140,000    $ 200,000

(1) Mr. Kirchner invested $100,000 in the 2002 Employee Program, $40,000 in the 2003 Employee Program and $40,000 in the 2004 Employee Program, through the King P. Kirchner Revocable Trust as permitted by the limited partnership agreement of those Employee Programs.
(2) Mr. Nikkel invested in the 2002, 2003 and 2004 Employee Programs both directly and through Nike Exploration Company. Mr. Nikkel and members of his family are the sole owners of Nike Exploration Company. The amounts invested directly and indirectly through Nike Exploration Company in the 2002, 2003 and 2004 Employee Programs by Mr. Nikkel were as follows:

 

Employee

Program


  Mr. Nikkel
Directly


  Nike Exploration
Company


2002   $ 100,000   $ 100,000
2003   $ 80,000   $ 60,000
2004   $ 100,000     100,000

 

Ownership of Common Stock

 

UNIT’s Common Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange as reported on the Composite Tape. On December 9, 2004 there were 45,739,599 shares outstanding.

 

As of December 9, 2004, the directors and officers of UNIT owned of record or beneficially owned shares of UNIT Common Stock as follows:

 

Name


   Amount of
Beneficial
Ownership (1)


    % of
Outstanding (1)


 

King P. Kirchner

   165,320     *  

John H. Williams

   15,000     *  

Don Cook

   33,118     *  

John G. Nikkel

   397,267     *  

Larry D. Pinkston

   74,608     *  

Mark E. Schell

   74,209     *  

John S. Zink

   12,600     *  

William B. Morgan

   24,000     *  

J. Michael Adcock

   122,191     *  

Mark E. Monroe

   6,500     *  

David T. Merrill

   1,600     *  

All Officers and Directors as a Group

   926,413 (2)(3)(4)(5)   2.0 %

* Less than 1%

 

33


(1) The number of shares includes the shares presently issued and outstanding plus the number of shares which any owner has the right to acquire within 60 days after December 9, 2004, pursuant to the exercise of currently exercisable stock options. For purposes of calculating the percent of the shares outstanding held by each owner, the total number of shares excludes the shares which all other persons have the right to acquire within 60 days after December 9, 2004 pursuant to the exercise of currently exercisable stock options.
(2) Includes shares of common stock held under UNIT’s 401(k) thrift plan as of December 9, 2004 for the account of: John G. Nikkel, 32,787; David T. Merrill, 40; Larry D. Pinkston, 3,933; and Mark E. Schell, 31,573.
(3) Includes unexercised stock options granted under UNIT’s Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan to each of the following, all of which are currently exercisable at the discretion of the holder: J. Michael Adcock, 14,000; Don Cook, 22,500; Mark E. Monroe, 3,500; William B. Morgan, 19,000; John H. Williams, 14,000; John S. Zink, 10,500; and King P. Kirchner 10,500 shares and all Non-Employee Directors as a group, 94,000.
(4) Includes unexercised stock options granted under UNIT’s Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan to each of the following, all of which are exercisable within 60 days from December 9, 2004 at the discretion of the holder: John G. Nikkel 29,000; David T. Merrill, 1,600; Larry D. Pinkston, 30,500; and Mark E. Schell, 30,000.
(5) Of the shares shown, Mr. J. Michael Adcock is deemed to be the beneficial owner of 107,491 shares by virtue of his position as one of three trustees of the Don Bodard 1995 Revocable Trust.

 

Interest of Management in Certain Transactions

 

Reference is made to “COMPENSATION” for a discussion of the compensation for supervision and operation of productive wells and the reimbursement of overhead expenses attributable to the Partnership’s operations to which UNIT is entitled under the terms of the Partnership Agreement.

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

There will be situations in which the individual interests of the General Partner and the Limited Partners will conflict. Although the General Partner is obligated to deal fairly and in good faith with the Limited Partners and conduct Partnership operations using the standards of a prudent operator in the oil and gas industry, such conflicts may not in every instance be resolved to the maximum advantage of the Limited Partners. Certain circumstances which will or may involve potential conflicts of interest are as follows:

 

    The General Partner currently manages and in the future will sponsor and manage oil and natural gas drilling programs similar to the Partnership.

 

    The General Partner will decide which prospects the Partnership will acquire.

 

    The General Partner will act as operator for Partnership Wells and will, through its affiliates, furnish drilling and/or marketing services with respect to Partnership Wells, the terms of which have not been negotiated by non-affiliated persons.

 

    The General Partner is a general partner of numerous other partnerships, and owes duties of good faith dealing to such other partnerships.

 

    The General Partner and its affiliates engage in drilling, operating and producing activities for other partnerships.

 

Acquisition of Properties and Drilling Operations

 

With certain limited exceptions it is anticipated that the Partnership will participate in each producing property, if any, acquired by the General Partner and in the drilling of each of the wells, if any, commenced by the

 

34


General Partner for its own account during the period commencing January 1, 2005, or from the formation of the Partnership if subsequent to January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2005 except for wells:

 

  (i) drilled outside the 48 contiguous United States;

 

  (ii) drilled as part of secondary or tertiary recovery operations which were in existence prior to formation of the Partnership;

 

  (iii) drilled by third parties under farm-out or similar arrangements with UNIT or the General Partner or whereby UNIT or the General Partner may be entitled to an overriding royalty, reversionary or other similar interest in the production from such wells but is not obligated to pay any of the Drilling Costs thereof;

 

  (iv) acquired by UNIT or the General Partner through the acquisition by UNIT or the General Partner of, or merger of UNIT or the General Partner with, other companies; or

 

  (v) with respect to which the General Partner does not believe that the potential economic return therefrom justifies the costs and participation by the Partnership.

 

As a result, the Partnership may have an interest in wells located on prospects on which producing wells have been drilled by UNIT or the General Partner in prior years. Likewise, it is possible that the Partnership will participate in the drilling of initial wells on prospects on which some or all of the development or offset wells will be drilled in years subsequent to 2005. In the latter case, the Partnership would have no right to participate in the drilling of such development or offset wells.

 

Sometimes UNIT will agree to participate in drilling operations on a prospect which it may not believe are fully warranted from an economic standpoint if it believes that such participation is necessary for, or will significantly increase its chances of, obtaining a contract to drill the well with one of its drilling rigs and the revenues from the contract make the economics of the entire arrangement desirable from UNIT’s standpoint. In such an instance, the Partnership would not be entitled to any of the drilling contract revenues so the General Partner will not cause the Partnership to participate in such a well. However, an analysis of the economic potential of any proposed well is a very inexact science and wells which have a very high potential commonly prove to be dry or only marginally profitable and occasionally a well with apparently very little promise may prove to be very profitable. Thus, there can be no assurance that the General Partner will always make the most profitable decision from the Partnership’s standpoint in determining in which of such potential wells the Partnership should or should not participate.

 

Because the Partnership will acquire an interest only in those properties comprising the spacing unit on which each Partnership Well is located, it will not be entitled to participate in other wells drilled by the General Partner, UNIT or any of its affiliates in the same prospect area unless the drilling of those wells commences during the period from January 1, 2005, or from the formation of the Partnership if subsequent to January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2005. If the size of a spacing unit in which the Partnership has an interest is reduced, the Partnership will have no interest in any additional well drilled on the property comprising the original spacing unit unless it is commenced during the period from January 1, 2005, or from the formation of the Partnership if subsequent to January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2005. Likewise the Partnership would have no interest in any increased density wells drilled on the original spacing unit unless such wells were drilled during 2005. In addition, if additional interests are acquired in wells participated in by the Partnership after 2005, the Partnership will generally not be entitled to participate in the acquisition of such additional interests. Management believes that the apparent conflicts of interest arising from these situations are mitigated by the fact that the Partnership is expected to participate in all of UNIT’s drilling operations (with the exceptions noted above) conducted during the period. Thus, there is little opportunity for the General Partner to selectively choose Partnership drilling locations for the purpose of proving up other properties of UNIT or its affiliates in which the Partnership has no interest. Further, the Partnership will benefit in many instances by its participation in the drilling of wells located on prospects previously proved up by drilling operations conducted by UNIT prior to formation of the Partnership.

 

35


Participation in UNIT’s Drilling or Income Programs

 

If UNIT forms any drilling or income programs in 2005, it is anticipated that the Partnership will serve as a co-general partner with UNIT in any such drilling or income programs, or both. As the other co-general partner of any such drilling or income program, UNIT would have exclusive management and control over the business, operations and affairs of the drilling or income program. Conflicts of interest may arise between the limited partners and the general partners of such drilling or income program and it is possible that UNIT may elect to resolve those conflicts in favor of the limited partners. Further, if any such drilling or income program is offered publicly, the program agreement will be required to contain a number of provisions concerning the conduct of program operations and handling conflicts of interests required by the Guidelines for the Registration of Oil and Gas Programs adopted by the North American Securities Administrators Association, Inc. Such provisions may significantly reduce the flexibility of UNIT in managing such programs or may affect the profitability of the program operations or the transactions between the general partners and the program.

 

Transfer of Properties

 

The General Partner or its affiliates are authorized to transfer interests in oil and gas properties to the Partnership, in which case the General Partner or its affiliate will receive an amount equal to the Leasehold Acquisition Costs attributable to the interests being acquired by the Partnership in the spacing unit on which the Partnership Well is located or is to be drilled. The amount of the Leasehold Acquisition Costs attributable to the fractional undivided interest in a property transferred to the Partnership by the General Partner or any affiliate shall not be reduced or offset by the amount of any gain or profit the General Partner or its affiliate might have realized by any prior sale or transfer of a fractional undivided interest in the property to an unaffiliated third party for a price in excess of the portion of the Leasehold Acquisition Costs of the property that is attributable to the transferred interest. The Partnership will not be reimbursed for or refunded any Leasehold Acquisition Costs if the size of a spacing unit on which a Partnership Well is located or drilled is reduced even though the Partnership will have no interest in any subsequent wells drilled on the area encompassed by the original spacing unit unless they are commenced during 2005.

 

A sale, transfer or conveyance to the Partnership of less than all of the ownership of the General Partner or its affiliates in any interest or property is prohibited unless:

 

  (1) the interest retained by the General Partner or its affiliates is a proportionate working interest;

 

  (2) the obligations of the Partnership with respect to the properties will be substantially the same proportionately as those of the General Partner or its affiliates at the time it acquired the properties; and

 

  (3) the Partnership’s interest in revenues will not be less than the proportionate interest therein of the General Partner or its affiliates when it acquired the properties.

 

With respect to the General Partner or its affiliates’ remaining interest, it may retain such interest for its own account or it may sell, transfer, farm-out or otherwise convey all or a portion of such remaining interest to non-affiliated industry members, which may occur either before or after the transfer of the interests in the same properties to the Partnership. The General Partner or its affiliates may realize a profit on the interests or may be carried to some extent with respect to its cost obligations in connection with any drilling on such properties and any such profit or interests will be strictly for the account of the General Partner or its affiliates and the Partnership will have no claim with respect thereto. The General Partner or its affiliates may not retain any overrides or other burdens on the property conveyed to the Partnership (other than overriding royalty interests granted to geologists and other persons employed or retained by the General Partner or its affiliates) and may not enter into any farm-out arrangements with respect to its retained interest except to non-affiliated third parties or other programs managed by the General Partner or its affiliates.

 

Partnership Assets

 

The General Partner will not take any action with respect to assets or property of the Partnership which does not benefit primarily the Partnership as a whole. The General Partner will not utilize the funds of the

 

36


Partnership as compensating balances for the benefit of the General Partner or its affiliates. All benefits from marketing arrangements or other relationships affecting property of the Partnership will be fairly and equitably apportioned according to the respective interests of the Partnership and the General Partner.

 

The Partnership Agreement provides that when the Partnership is terminated, there will be an accounting with respect to its assets, liabilities and accounts. The Partnership’s physical property and its oil and gas properties may be sold for cash. Except in the case of an election by the General Partner to terminate the Partnership before the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date, Partnership Properties may be sold to the General Partner or any of its affiliates for their fair market value as determined in good faith by the General Partner.

 

Transactions with the General Partner or Affiliates

 

UNIT provides through its subsidiary Unit Drilling Company contract drilling services in the ordinary course of its business. UNIT also owns Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C. which is engaged in the business of buying and building gas gathering systems. It is anticipated that the Partnership will obtain services, equipment and supplies from one or all of such persons. In addition, UNIT may supply other goods or services to the Partnership. The terms of any contracts or agreements between the Partnership and UNIT or any affiliate will be no less favorable to the Partnership than those of comparable contracts or agreements entered into, and will be at prices not in excess of (or in the case of purchases of production, less than) those charged in the same geographical area, by non-affiliated persons or companies dealing at arm’s length.

 

For its services as a drilling contractor, Unit Drilling Company will charge the Partnership on either a daywork (a specified per day rate for each day a drilling rig is on the drill site), a footage (a specified rate per foot drilled) or a turnkey (specified amount for drilling the well) basis. The rate charged by Unit Drilling Company for such services will be the same as those offered to unaffiliated third parties in the same or similar geographic areas.

 

Right of Presentment Price Determination

 

Under the terms of the Partnership Agreement, a Limited Partner can, subject to certain conditions, require the General Partner to purchase his or her Units at a price determined by the application of a stated formula to the estimated future net revenues attributable to the Partnership’s estimated proved reserves. See “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Right of Presentment.” It is anticipated that if an independent engineering firm makes an evaluation of the proved reserves of the Partnership, the result of that evaluation will be used in determining the price to be paid to a Limited Partner exercising his or her right of presentment. However, if no such independent evaluation is made, the right of presentment purchase price will be determined by using the proved reserves and future net revenue estimates of the technical staff of the General Partner.

 

Receipt of Compensation Regardless of Profitability

 

The General Partner is entitled to receive its fees and other compensation and reimbursements from the Partnership regardless of whether the Partnership operates at a profit or loss. See “PARTICIPATION IN COSTS AND REVENUES” and “COMPENSATION.” Such fees, compensation and reimbursements will decrease the Limited Partners’ share of any profits generated by operations of the Partnership or increase losses if such operations should prove unprofitable.

 

Legal Counsel

 

Conner & Winters, P.C. serves as special legal counsel for the General Partner. Such firm has performed legal services for the General Partner and UNIT and is expected to render legal services to the Partnership. Although such firm has indicated its intention to withdraw from representation of the Partnership if conflicts of interest do in fact arise, there can be no assurance that representation of both the General Partner or UNIT and the Partnership by such firm will not be disadvantageous to the Partnership.

 

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FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITY

 

General

 

Under Oklahoma law, the General Partner will have a fiduciary duty to the Limited Partners and consequently must exercise good faith, fairness and loyalty in the handling of the Partnership’s affairs. The General Partner must provide Limited Partners (or their representatives) with timely and full information concerning matters affecting the business of the Partnership. Each Limited Partner may inspect the Partnership’s books and records upon reasonable prior notice. The nature of the fiduciary duties of general partners is an evolving area of law and prospective investors who have questions concerning the duties of the General Partner should consult with their counsel.

 

Regardless of the fiduciary obligations of the General Partner, the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates, subject to any restrictions or requirements set forth in the Agreement, may:

 

    engage independently of the Partnership in all aspects of the oil and gas business, either for their own accounts or for the accounts of others;

 

    sell interests in oil and gas properties held by them to, purchase oil and gas production from, and engage in other transactions with, the Partnership;

 

    serve as general partner of other oil and gas drilling or income partnerships, including those which may be in competition with the Partnership; and

 

    engage in other activities that may involve conflicts of interest.

 

See “CONFLICTS OF INTEREST.” Thus, unlike the strict duty of a fiduciary who must act solely in the best interests of his or her beneficiary, the Agreement permits the General Partner to consider, among other things, the interests of other partnerships sponsored by the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates in resolving investment and other conflicts of interest. The foregoing provisions permit the General Partner to conduct its own operations and to act as the general partner of more than one similar partnership or investment program and for the Partnership to benefit from its experience resulting therefrom, but relieves the General Partner of the strict fiduciary duty of a general partner acting as such for only one investment program at a time. These provisions are primarily intended to reconcile the applicable duties under Oklahoma law with the fact that the General Partner will manage and administer its own oil and gas operations and a number of other oil and gas investment programs with which possible conflicts of interests may arise and resolve such conflicts in a manner consistent with the expectation of the investors in all such programs, the General Partner’s fiduciary duties and customary business practices and statutes applicable thereto.

 

Liability and Indemnification

 

The Agreement provides that the General Partner will perform its duties in an efficient and businesslike manner with due caution and in accordance with established practices of the oil and gas industry. The Agreement further provides that the General Partner and its affiliates will not be liable to the Partnership or the Partners, and will be indemnified by the Partnership, for any expense (including attorney fees), loss or damage incurred by reason of any act or omission performed or omitted in good faith in a manner reasonably believed by the General Partner or its affiliates to be within the scope of authority and in the best interest of the Partnership or the Partners unless the General Partner or its affiliates is guilty of gross negligence or willful misconduct. While not totally certain under Oklahoma law, absent specific provisions in the partnership agreement to the contrary, a general partner of a limited partnership may be liable to its limited partners if it fails to conduct the partnership affairs with the same amount of care which ordinarily prudent persons would use in similar circumstances. Consequently, the Agreement may be viewed as requiring a lesser standard of duty and care than what Oklahoma law might otherwise require of the General Partner.

 

Any claim against the Partnership for indemnification must be satisfied only out of Partnership assets including insurance proceeds, if any, and none of the Limited Partners will have personal liability therefore.

 

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The Limited Partners may have more limited rights of action than they would have absent the liability and indemnification provisions above. Moreover, indemnification enforced by the General Partner under such provisions will reduce the assets of the Partnership. It should be noted, however, that it is the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission ( “Commission” ) that any attempt to limit the liability of a general partner or to indemnify a general partner under the federal securities laws is contrary to public policy and, therefore, unenforceable. The General Partner has been advised of the position of the Commission.

 

Generally, the Limited Partners’ remedy for the General Partner’s breach of a fiduciary duty will be to bring a legal action against the General Partner to recover any damages, generally measured by the benefits earned by the General Partner as a result of the fiduciary breach. Additionally, Limited Partners may also be able to obtain other forms of relief, including injunctive relief. The Act provides that a limited partner may bring an action in the name of a limited partnership (a partnership derivative action) to recover a judgment in its favor if general partners with authority to do so have refused to bring the action or if an effort to cause such general partners to bring the action is not likely to succeed.

 

PRIOR ACTIVITIES

 

UNIT has been engaged in oil and gas exploration and development operations since late 1974 and has conducted oil and gas drilling programs using the limited partnership format since 1979. The following table depicts the drilling results achieved as of September 30, 2004 by UNIT during each year since 1975. Because of the unpredictability of oil and gas exploration in general, such results should not be considered indicative of the results that may be achieved by the Partnership.

 

Year Ended July 31 (1)


   Gross Wells (2)

     Net Wells (3)

   Total

     Oil

     Gas

     Dry

     Total

     Oil

     Gas

     Dry

1975 Exploratory

   2      0      2      0      .01      0      .01      0

Development

   4      0      2      2      .07      0      .03      .04
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
     6      0      4      2      .08      0      .04      .04
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

1976 Exploratory

   1      0      0      1      .01      0      0      .01

Development

   8      0      6      2      .29      0      .28      .01
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
     9      0      6      3      .30      0      .28      .02
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

1977 Exploratory

   9      0      3      6      1.50      0      .45      1.05

Development

   16      0      9      7      2.00      0      .70      1.30
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
     25      0      12      13      3.50      0      1.15      2.35
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

1978 Exploratory

   8      1      1      6      1.17      .34      .15      .68

Development

   26      0      13      13      2.64      0      .76      1.88
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
     34      1      14      19      3.81      .34      .91      2.56
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

1979 Exploratory

   10      0      5      5      1.40      0      .76      .64

Development

   16      1      8      7      1.99      .06      .95      .98
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
     26      1      13      12      3.39      .06      1.71      1.62
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

1980 Exploratory

   1      0      1      0      1.28      0      .23      1.05

Development

   10      0      8      2      3.13      0      .85      2.28
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
     11      0      9      2      4.41      0      1.08      3.33
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

1981 Exploratory

   14      1      4      9      1.12      .02      .16      .94

Development

   66      18      29      19      7.38      2.96      1.77      2.65
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   80      19      33      28      8.50      2.98      1.93      3.59

 

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Year Ended July 31 (1)


   Gross Wells (2)

     Net Wells (3)

   Total

     Oil

     Gas

     Dry

     Total

     Oil

     Gas

     Dry

1982 Exploratory

   40      5      9      26      3.39      .60      .32      2.47

Development

   100      22      51      27      11.70      4.70      2.71      4.29
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   140      27      60      53      15.09      5.30      3.03      6.76

1983 Exploratory

   6      2      0      4      1.31      .72      0      .59

Development

   72      18      26      28      8.01      3.45      1.17      3.39
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   78      20      26      32      9.32      4.17      1.17      3.98

1984 Exploratory

   2      1      1      0      .52      .49      .03      0

Development

   50      15      22      13      6.81      3.42      2.74      .65
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   52      16      23      13      7.33      3.91      2.77      .65

1985 Exploratory

   0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0

Development

   38      11      16      11      8.32      2.89      2.39      3.04
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   38      11      16      11      8.32      2.89      2.39      3.04

1986 Exploratory

   0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0

Development

   21      4      6      11      3.85      .81      1.01      2.03
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   21      4      6      11      3.85      .81      1.01      2.03

1987 Exploratory

   0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0

Development

   46      23      10      13      11.91      7.95      1.76      2.34
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   46      23      10      13      11.91      7.95      1.76      2.34

1988 Exploratory

   0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0

Development

   39      20      10      9      22.56      14.77      4.05      3.74
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   39      20      10      9      22.56      14.77      4.05      3.74

1989 Exploratory

   3      0      1      2      1.97      0      .47      1.50

Development

   40      12      15      13      18.83      8.81      4.13      5.89
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   43      12      16      15      20.80      8.81      4.60      7.39

1990 Exploratory

   5      0      2      3      1.22      0      .12      1.10

Development

   35      11      14      10      16.53      8.38      3.52      4.63
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   40      11      16      13      17.75      8.38      3.64      5.73

1991 Exploratory

   4      0      0      4      .82      0      0      .82

Development

   28      10      9      9      15.88      8.61      3.91      3.36
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   32      10      9      13      16.70      8.61      3.91      4.18

1992 Exploratory

   0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0

Development

   18      1      11      6      5.81      1.00      3.33      1.48
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   18      1      11      6      5.81      1.00      3.33      1.48

1993 Exploratory

   1      0      0      1      .10      0      0      .10

Development

   16      9      6      1      12.48      8.98      3.32      .18
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   17      9      6      2      12.58      8.98      3.32      .28

1994 Exploratory

   3      0      1      2      1.71      0      .95      .76

Development

   57      5      40      12      25.79      4.75      14.14      6.90
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   60      5      41      14      27.50      4.75      15.09      7.66

 

40


Year Ended July 31 (1)


   Gross Wells (2)

     Net Wells (3)

   Total

     Oil

     Gas

     Dry

     Total

     Oil

     Gas

     Dry

1995 Exploratory

   0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0

Development

   45      15      24      6      14.94      4.67      8.04      2.23
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   45      15      24      6      14.94      4.67      8.04      2.23

1996 Exploratory

   0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0

Development

   70      10      51      9      32.09      7.61      20.09      4.39
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   70      10      51      9      32.09      7.61      20.09      4.39

1997 Exploratory

   2      0      0      2      2.00      0      0      2.00

Development

   80      8      58      14      35.94      4.35      23.29      8.30
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   82      8      58      16      37.94      4.35      23.29      10.30

1998 Exploratory

   2      0      1      1      .63      0      .375      .26

Development

   76      3      52      21      30.17      .31      18.750      11.11
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   78      3      53      22      30.80      .31      19.125      11.37

1999 Exploratory

   0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0

Development

   51      1      42      8      21.8      .4      17.4      4.0
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   51      1      42      8      21.8      .4      17.4      4.0

2000 Exploratory

   2      0      2      0      1.72      0      1.72      0

Development

   98      7      73      18      38.37      1.45      28.55      8.37
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   100      7      75      18      40.09      1.45      30.27      8.37

2001 Exploratory

   3      0      0      3      2.03      0      0      2.03

Development

   123      7      94      22      49.94      1.08      34.12      14.74
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   126      7      94      25      51.97      1.08      34.12      16.77

2002 Exploratory

   6      0      2      4      1.34      0      .90      .44

Development

   91      4      63      24      47.15      1.92      29.71      15.52
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   97      4      65      28      48.49      1.92      30.61      15.96

2003 Exploratory

   4      1      3      0      2.40      .20      2.20      0

Development

   145      5      119      21      59.17      2.13      44.31      12.73
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   149      6      122      21      61.57      2.33      46.51      12.73

Period of January 1, 2004 to September 30, 2004

                                                     

Exploratory

   6      0      4      2      3.28      0      1.9      1.38

Development

   110      15      79      16      44.76      5.90      30.62      8.24
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

Total

   116      15      83      18      48.04      5.90      32.52      9.62

(1) Except as indicated, the figures used in this table relate to wells drilled and completed during each of the 12 month periods ended July 31 or December 31, as the case may be. Oil wells and gas wells shown include both producing wells and wells capable of production.
(2) “Gross Wells” refers to the total number of wells in which there was participation by UNIT.
(3) “Net Wells” refers to the aggregate leasehold working interest of UNIT in such wells. For example, a 50% leasehold working interest in a well drilled represents 1.0 Gross Well, but a .50 Net Well.

 

Prior Employee Programs

 

During the period of 1979 to 1983, persons who were designated key employees of UNIT by its board of directors participated in the Unit Key Employee Exploration Funds (the “Funds” ). These Funds were formed as general partnerships for the purpose of participating in 10% of all of the exploration and development operations

 

41


conducted by UNIT during a specified period. Except for the Fund formed in 1983, each of the prior Funds served as one of the general partners in at least one of the prior drilling programs sponsored by UNIT and was allocated 10% of the expenses and revenues allocable to the general partners as a group. In each of these Funds the costs charged to it in connection with its operations were financed with the proceeds of bank borrowings and out of the Funds’ share of revenues.

 

The 1983 Fund served as the sole capital limited partner in the Unit 1983-A Oil and Gas Program and as such made no contribution to the capital of that program and shared in 10% of the costs and revenues otherwise allocable to the General Partner after the distributions to the General Partner from the program equaled the amount of its contributions thereto plus UNIT’s interest costs with respect to the unrecovered amount of its contributions.

 

Because of the differences in structure, format and plan of operations between the prior Funds and the Partnership and because of the uncertainties which are inherent in oil and gas operations generally, the results achieved by the prior Funds should not be considered indicative of the results the Partnership may achieve.

 

For each year from 1984 through 2004, a separate Employee Program was formed as an Oklahoma limited partnership with UNIT or UPC as its sole general partner (UPC now serves as the sole general partner of each of these Employee Programs) and with eligible employees and directors of UNIT and its subsidiaries who subscribed for units therein as the limited partners. Each Employee Program participated on a proportionate basis (to the extent of 10% of the General Partner’s interest in each case except for the 1986 and 1987 Employee Programs, in which case the percentage participation was 15% and the 1992 - 2001 Employee Programs, in which case the percentage was 5% and the 2002 and 2003 Employee Programs in which case the percentage was 2  1 / 2 % and 2004 Employee Program in which case the percentage was 1%) in all of UNIT’s oil and gas exploration and development operations conducted during the calendar year for which the program was formed beginning with its date of formation if it was formed after January 1. Although the terms and provisions of these Employee Programs are virtually identical to those of the Partnership, because of the unpredictability of oil and gas exploration and development in general, the results for the Employee Programs shown below should not be considered indicative of the results that may be achieved by the Partnership.

 

As noted above, the Funds and the Employee Programs have participated in a specified percentage (ranging from 1% to 15%, depending on the program) of virtually all of UNIT’s or the General Partner’s exploration and development operations conducted since the latter half of 1979. Thus, the drilling results of these partnerships would be proportionate to those drilling results of UNIT for the periods beginning after the fiscal year ended July 31, 1979 shown above.

 

Results of the Prior Oil and Gas Programs

 

In each of the General Partner’s prior oil and gas programs other than the Unit 1983-A Oil and Gas Program and the Unit 1984 Oil and Gas Limited Partnership, one of the prior Funds also served as a general partner. The 1983 Fund served as the sole capital limited partner of the Unit 1983-A Oil and Gas Program and the 1984 Employee Program serves as a general partner of the Unit 1984 Oil and Gas Limited Partnership. The Unit 1979 Oil and Gas Program was the first limited partnership drilling program of which UNIT was a sponsor. The revenue sharing terms of the 1979 Program was generally 70% to the limited partners and 30% to the general partners until 150% program payout at which time the revenues were to be shared 55% to the limited partners and 45% to the general partners. The 1979 Program was dissolved effective July 1, 2003. The revenue sharing terms of the Unit 1980 Oil and Gas Program were generally 60% to the limited partners and 40% to the general partners. The revenue sharing terms of the Unit 1981 Oil and Gas Program were generally 70% to the limited partners and 30% to the general partners until program payout and 50% to the limited partners and 50% to the general partners thereafter. The revenue sharing terms of the Unit 1981-II Oil and Gas Program, the Unit 1982-A Oil and Gas Program and the Unit 1982-B Oil and Gas Program (60% to the limited partners and 40% to the general partners) were substantially the same as those of the Unit 1983-A Oil and Gas Program and the Unit 1984 Oil and Gas Limited Partnership (65% to the limited partners and 35% to the general partner) except that the general partners’ cost percentage and the general partners’ revenue share in each of those prior programs could not be less than 25%. The following tables depict the drilling results at September 30, 2003, and the economic results at September 30, 2003 of prior oil and gas programs and the 1984 - 2003 Employee Programs. On September 12,

 

42


1986, in connection with a major restructuring and recapitalization, UNIT acquired all of the assets and liabilities of the programs formed during 1980 through 1983 and these programs have now been dissolved. Effective December 31, 1993, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 28, 1993, all of the assets and all of the liabilities of the 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989 and 1990 Employee Programs were merged with and consolidated into a new Employee Program called the Unit Consolidated Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership, an Oklahoma Limited Partnership which was formed November 30, 1993 (the “Consolidated Program” ). Effective December 31, 2002, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated December 27, 2002, all of the assets and all of the liabilities of the 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 Employee Programs were merged with and consolidated into to the Consolidated Program. The Consolidated Program holds no assets other than those acquired in the mergers with the 1984 through 1999 Employee Programs. All of the Employee Programs formed since 2000 continue in existence. Certain of these programs have not completed all of their drilling and development operations. Moreover, because of the unpredictability of oil and gas exploration and development in general, the results shown below should not be considered indicative of the results that may be achieved by the Partnership.

 

DRILLING RESULTS

 

As of September 30, 2004

 

     Gross Wells

     Net Wells

Programs


   Total

     Oil

     Gas

     Dry

     Total

     Oil

     Gas

     Dry

1979 (1)

  Exploratory Wells    6      0      2      4      2.43      0.00      0.65      1.78
    Development Wells    21      16      1      4      17.28      14.14      0.03      3.11
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    27      16      3      8      19.71      14.14      0.68      4.89

1980 (2)

  Exploratory Wells    15      2      5      8      5.65      0.50      2.14      3.01
    Development Wells    32      5      15      12      12.77      1.17      5.75      5.85
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    47      7      20      20      18.42      1.67      7.89      8.86

1981 (2)

  Exploratory Wells    11      1      4      6      4.61      0.33      0.88      3.40
    Development Wells    67      14      34      19      21.77      5.03      6.61      10.13
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    78      15      38      25      26.38      5.36      7.49      13.53

1981-II (2)

  Exploratory Wells    13      1      5      7      5.21      0.25      1.12      3.84
    Development Wells    45      3      29      13      9.07      0.69      4.78      3.60
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    58      4      34      20      14.28      0.94      5.90      7.44

1982-A (2)

  Exploratory Wells    11      3      1      7      3.55      0.78      0.00      2.77
    Development Wells    69      23      22      24      25.22      13.09      3.59      8.54
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    80      26      23      31      28.77      13.87      3.59      11.31

1982-B (2)

  Exploratory Wells    4      1      1      2      2.28      0.80      0.08      1.40
    Development Wells    41      16      9      16      18.60      9.47      1.01      8.12
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    45      17      10      18      20.88      10.27      1.09      9.52

1983-A (2)

  Exploratory Wells    1      1      0      0      1.00      1.00      0.00      0.00
    Development Wells    26      14      10      2      6.60      4.39      1.27      0.94
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    27      15      10      2      7.60      5.39      1.27      0.94

1984

  Exploratory Wells    0      0      0      0      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
    Development Wells    21      1      10      10      5.89      .38      3.08      2.43
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    21      1      10      10      5.89      .38      3.08      2.43

(1) Effective July 1, 2003 this program was dissolved.
(2) On September 12, 1986, Unit acquired all of the assets and liabilities of this Program and the Program has been dissolved.

 

 

43


EMPLOYEE PROGRAMS

 

As of September 30, 2004

 

     Gross Wells

     Net Wells

Programs


   Total

     Oil

     Gas

     Dry

     Total

     Oil

     Gas

     Dry

1984 (1)   Exploratory Wells    0      0      0      0      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
Empl.   Development Wells    25      4      12      9      .14      .02      .06      .06
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    25      4      12      9      .14      .02      .06      .06
1985 (1)   Exploratory Wells    0      0      0      0      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
Empl.   Development Wells    30      8      10      12      .38      .12      .08      .18
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    30      8      10      12      .38      .12      .08      .18
1986 (1)   Exploratory Wells    0      0      0      0      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
Empl.   Development Wells    18      6      8      4      .48      .12      .30      .06
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    18      6      8      4      .48      .12      .30      .06
1987 (1)   Exploratory Wells    0      0      0      0      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
Empl.   Development Wells    21      12      5      4      1.17      .74      .25      .18
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    21      12      5      4      1.17      .74      .25      .18
1988 (1)   Exploratory Wells    0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
Empl.   Development Wells    29      15      9      5      1.55      1.03      .28      .24
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    29      15      9      5      1.55      1.03      .28      .24
1989 (1)   Exploratory Wells                                                      
Empl.   Development Wells    32      7      14      11      1.48      .59      .36      .53
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    32      7      14      11      1.48      .59      .36      .53
1990 (1)   Exploratory Wells    5      0      2      3      .122      0      .01      .11
Empl.   Development Wells    34      11      14      9      1.65      .83      .35      .46
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    39      11      16      12      1.78      .83      .36      .57
1991 (2)   Exploratory Wells    4      0      0      4      .08      0      0      .08
Empl.   Development Wells    28      10      9      9      1.59      .86      .39      .34
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    32      10      9      13      1.67      .86      .39      .42
1992 (2)   Exploratory Wells    0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
Empl.   Development Wells    18      1      11      6      .29      .05      .17      .07
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    18      1      11      6      .29      .05      .17      .07
1993 (2)   Exploratory Wells    0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
Empl.   Development Wells    16      9      6      1      .63      .45      .17      .01
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    16      9      6      1      .63      .45      .17      .01
1994 (2)   Exploratory Wells    3      0      1      2      .09      0      .05      .04
Empl.   Development Wells    57      5      40      12      1.29      .24      .70      .35
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    60      5      41      14      1.38      .24      .75      .39
1995 (2)   Exploratory Wells    0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
Empl.   Development Wells    45      15      24      6      .74      .23      .40      .11
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    45      15      24      6      .74      .23      .40      .11
1996 (2)   Exploratory Wells    0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
Empl.   Development Wells    53      7      38      8      1.24      .27      .76      .21
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    53      7      38      8      1.24      .27      .76      .21

 

44


     Gross Wells

     Net Wells

Programs


   Total

     Oil

     Gas

     Dry

     Total

     Oil

     Gas

     Dry

1997 (2)   Exploratory Wells    2      0      0      2      .10      0      0      .10
Empl.   Development Wells    80      8      58      14      1.80      .22      1.16      .42
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    82      8      58      16      1.90      .22      1.16      .52
1998 (2)   Exploratory Wells    2      0      1      1      .03      0      .02      .01
Empl.   Development Wells    76      3      52      21      1.51      .02      .94      .56
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    78      3      53      22      1.54      .02      .96      .57
1999 (2)   Exploratory Wells    0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
Empl.   Development Wells    51      1      42      8      1.09      .02      .87      .20
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    51      1      42      8      1.09      .02      .87      .20
2000   Exploratory Wells    2      0      2      0      .09      0      .09      0
Empl.   Development Wells    98      7      73      18      1.92      .07      1.43      .42
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    100      7      75      18      2.01      .07      1.52      .42
2001   Exploratory Wells    3      0      0      3      .05      0      0      .05
Empl.   Development Wells    123      7      94      22      1.25      .03      .85      .37
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    126      7      94      25      1.30      .03      .85      .42
2002   Exploratory Wells    6      0      2      4      .03      0      .02      .01
Empl.   Development Wells    91      4      63      24      1.18      .05      .74      .39
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    97      4      65      28      1.21      .05      .76      .40
2003   Exploratory Wells    4      1      3      0      .03      .01      .02      0
Empl.   Development Wells    145      5      119      21      .59      .02      .44      .13
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    149      6      122      21      .62      .03      .46      .13

Period of January 1, 2004

                                                     

To September 30, 2004

                                                     

2004

  Exploratory Wells    6      0      4      2      .03      0      .02      .01

Empl.

  Development Wells    110      15      79      16      .45      .06      .31      .08
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Total    116      15      83      18      .48      .06      .33      .09

(1) Effective December 31, 1993 this Program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.
(2) Effective December 31, 2002 this Program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.

 

45


GENERAL PARTNERS’ PAYOUT TABLE (1)

 

As of September 30, 2004

 

Program


   Total
Expenditures
Including
Operating
Costs (2)


   Total
Revenues
Before
Deducting
Operating
Costs


  

Total Revenues
Before Deducting
Operating Costs
for 3 Months Ended

September 30, 2004


1979 (***)

   $ 8,781,728    $ 10,846,983    —  

1980

     4,043,599      4,044,424    —  

1981

     8,325,594      6,338,173    —  

1981-II

     6,642,875      3,995,616    —  

1982-A

     9,190,842      6,782,893    —  

1982-B

     4,213,710      3,126,326    —  

1983-A

     2,277,514      1,312,531    —  

1984

     2,643,375      2,407,301    38,597

1984 Employee (*)

     1,542      1,745    —  

1985 Employee (*)

     2,820      1,808    —  

1986 Energy Income Fund (**)

     1,937,279      1,933,107    19,219

1986 Employee (*)

     4,403      6,813    —  

1987 Employee (*)

     624,354      815,358    —  

1988 Employee (*)

     1,196,564      1,588,132    —  

1989 Employee (*)

     1,424,525      1,171,961    —  

1990 Employee (*)

     653,563      525,572    —  

1991 Employee (****)

     2,352,323      3,046,177    —  

1992 Employee (****)

     241,577      400,556    —  

1993 Employee (****)

     496,051      717,460    —  

1994 Employee (****)

     1,435,412      1,841,119    —  

1995 Employee (****)

     476,082      599,485    —  

1996 Employee (****)

     901,692      869,473    —  

1997 Employee (****)

     1,296,424      1,165,747    —  

1998 Employee (****)

     1,180,292      1,083,527    —  

1999 Employee (****)

     953,718      1,314,469    —  

Consolidated Program

     11,715      31,411    2,267

2000 Employee

     1,998,919      2,381,577    84,751

2001 Employee

     973,190      708,189    48,657

2002 Employee

     1,010,082      724,120    67,250

2003 Employee

     2,723,826      1,028,607    207,511

2004 Employee

     269,447      37,368    29,051

(*) Effective December 31, 1993, this program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.
(**) Formed primarily for purposes of acquiring producing oil and gas properties.
(***) Effective July 1, 2003 this program was dissolved.
(****) Effective December 31, 2002 this Program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.

 

46


LIMITED PARTNERS’ PAYOUT TABLE (1)

 

As of September 30, 2004

 

Program


   Total
Expenditures
Including
Operating
Costs (2)


   Total
Revenues
Before
Deducting
Operating
Costs


   Total Revenues
Before Deducting
Operating Costs
for 3 Months Ended
September 30, 2004


1979 (***)

   $ 14,729,990    $ 18,839,040    —  

1980

     17,688,367      6,949,008    —  

1981

     37,073,946      15,768,826    —  

1981-II

     18,638,600      7,028,946    —  

1982-A

     24,866,078      12,708,949    —  

1982-B

     12,069,566      5,367,312    —  

1983-A

     3,770,856      1,922,177    —  

1984

     3,178,371      2,501,903    38,597

1984 Employee (*)

     120,942      171,540    —  

1985 Employee (*)

     277,901      178,984    —  

1986 Energy Income Fund (**)

     2,876,397      4,019,413    28,828

1986 Employee (*)

     435,858      676,972    —  

1987 Employee (*)

     341,846      469,830    —  

1988 Employee (*)

     333,898      446,044    —  

1989 Employee (*)

     179,593      175,331    —  

1990 Employee (*)

     300,852      188,848    —  

1991 Employee (****)

     620,136      811,871    —  

1992 Employee (****)

     622,697      1,033,805    —  

1993 Employee (****)

     451,551      664,349    —  

1994 Employee (****)

     582,274      754,012    —  

1995 Employee (****)

     762,211      941,188    —  

1996 Employee (****)

     549,125      534,519    —  

1997 Employee (****)

     605,116      524,732    —  

1998 Employee (****)

     613,890      551,342    —  

1999 Employee (****)

     289,622      392,633    —  

Consolidated Program

     1,071,954      3,106,696    224,243

2000 Employee

     279,893      324,880    11,557

2001 Employee

     436,681      318,172    21,860

2002 Employee

     519,497      373,032    34,644

2003 Employee

     621,830      210,394    42,503

2004 Employee

     211,708      29,360    22,826

(*) Effective December 31, 1993, this program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.
(**) Formed primarily for purposes of acquiring producing oil and gas properties.
(***) Effective July 1, 2003, this program was dissolved.
(****) Effective December 31, 2002 this Program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.

 

47


GENERAL PARTNERS’ NET CASH TABLE (1)

 

As of September 30, 2004

 

Program


   Total
Expenditures
Less
Operating
Costs (2)


   Total
Revenues
Less
Operating
Costs


  

Total
Revenues
Less
Operating
Costs for

3 Months
Ended
Sept. 30,
2004


    Total
Revenues
Distributed


  

Total
Revenues
Distributed
for 3 Months
Ended

Sept. 30,
2004


1979 (***)

   $ 2,805,917    $ 4,871,172    $ —       $ 3,961,014    $ —  

1980

     2,628,978      2,629,803      —         2,635,751      —  

1981

     6,546,160      4,558,739      —         5,368,272      —  

1981-II

     4,817,145      2,169,886      —         2,609,000      —  

1982-A

     6,297,972      3,890,023      —         3,755,000      —  

1982-B

     2,565,504      1,478,120      —         1,158,000      —  

1983-A

     1,380,331      415,348      —         819,000      —  

1984

     947,599      711,525      9,989       1,036,584      9,000

1984 Employee (*)

     874      1,077      —         1,000      —  

1985 Employee (*)

     2,300      1,288      —         1,035      —  

1986 Energy Income Fund (**)

     172,719      168,547      (3,233 )     473,865      1,000

1986 Employee (*)

     2,698      5,108              4,486      —  

1987 Employee (*)

     357,368      548,372      —         465,800      —  

1988 Employee (*)

     770,272      1,161,840      —         942,800      —  

1989 Employee (*)

     1,010,133      752,569      —         607,900      —  

1990 Employee (*)

     466,272      338,281      —         266,600      —  

1991 Employee (****)

     1,056,956      1,750,810      —         1,618,020      —  

1992 Employee (****)

     99,250      258,229      —         230,839      —  

1993 Employee (****)

     311,650      533,059      —         472,480      —  

1994 Employee (****)

     856,390      1,262,097      —         1,076,708      —  

1995 Employee (****)

     330,617      454,020      —         350,504      —  

1996 Employee (****)

     681,656      649,437      —         450,383      —  

1997 Employee (****)

     1,057,002      926,325      —         695,477      —  

1998 Employee (****)

     920,862      824,096      —         638,218      —  

1999 Employee (****)

     706,281      1,067,032      —         796,578      —  

Consolidated Program

     23,823      20,322      1,546       18,997      1,500

2000 Employee

     1,545,693      1,928,351      69,224       1,245,669      70,000

2001 Employee

     861,561      596,561      40,775       389,000      43,000

2002 Employee

     903,599      617,636      56,805       310,500      50,000

2003 Employee

     2,549,030      853,812      168,596       265,000      185,000

2004 Employee

     266,006      33,926      26,202       —        —  

(*) Effective December 31, 1993, this program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.
(**) Formed primarily for purposes of acquiring producing oil and gas properties.
(***) Effective July 1, 2003, this program was dissolved.
(****) Effective December 31, 2002 this Program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.

 

48


LIMITED PARTNERS’ NET CASH TABLE (1)

 

As of September 30, 2004

 

Program


   Capital
Contributed


    Total
Expenditures
Less
Operating
Costs (2)


  

Total
Revenues

Less
Operating
Costs


  

Total
Revenues
Less
Operating
Costs for

3 Months
Ended
Sept. 30,
2004


    Total
Revenues
Distributed


   Total Revenues
Distributed
for 3 Months
Ended Sept. 30,
2004


 

1979 (***)

   $ 3,000,000     $ 6,085,402    $ 10,194,451    $ —       $ 6,198,801    $ —    

1980

     12,000,000 (3)     14,469,265      3,729,906      —         760,000      —    

1981

     29,255,000 (4)     32,700,741      11,395,621      —         5,335,065      —    

1981-II

     15,000,000       16,603,760      4,994,106      —         1,710,001      —    

1982-A

     21,140,000       21,591,442      9,434,313      —         6,342,000      —    

1982-B

     10,555,000       9,935,850      3,233,596      —         2,828,740      —    

1983-A

     2,530,000       2,993,705      1,145,026      —         227,700      —    

1984

     1,875,000       2,036,778      1,360,309      31,241       1,035,761      22,680 (5)

1984 Employee (*)

     174,000       86,664      137,262      —         125,280      —    

1985 Employee (*)

     283,500       227,670      128,753      —         182,644      —    

1986 Energy Income Fund (**)

     1,000,000       981,578      2,124,594      (4,852 )     2,020,000      9,900 (6)

1986 Employee (*)

     229,750       267,008      508,122      —         460,007      —    

1987 Employee (*)

     209,000       207,060      335,044      —         324,845      —    

1988 Employee (*)

     177,000       214,712      326,858      —         281,630      —    

1989 Employee (*)

     157,000       157,306      153,044      —         147,737      —    

1990 Employee (*)

     253,000       254,483      142,479      —         180,895      —    

1991 Employee (****)

     263,000       275,590      467,325      —         438,947      —    

1992 Employee (****)

     240,000       256,030      667,138      —         626,888      —    

1993 Employee (****)

     245,000       281,201      493,998      —         459,375      —    

1994 Employee (****)

     284,000       345,243      516,980      —         433,668      —    

1995 Employee (****)

     454,000       493,337      672,314      —         572,524      —    

1996 Employee (****)

     437,000       419,615      405,010      —         382,812      —    

1997 Employee (****)

     413,000       495,786      415,402      —         348,159      —    

1998 Employee (****)

     471,000       486,317      423,769      —         398,937      —    

1999 Employee (****)

     141,000       214,376      317,387      —         288,204      —    

Consolidated

     —         2,184,200      2,010,889      150,923       1,969,997      156,675 (7)

2000 Employee

     199,000       215,129      260,117      9,447       237,055      9,353 (8)

2001 Employee

     370,000       387,078      268,570      18,320       210,530      17,760 (9)

2002 Employee

     457,000       465,490      319,025      29,266       250,893      25,135 (10)

2003 Employee

     284,000       586,455      175,019      34,548       101,104      30,956 (11)

2004 Employee

     434,000       209,004      26,656      20,588       —        —    

(*) Effective December 31, 1993, this program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.
(**) Formed primarily for purposes of acquiring producing oil and gas properties.
(***) Effective July 1, 2003, this program was dissolved.
(****) Effective December 31, 2002 this Program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.

 

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(1) Amounts reflect the accrual method of accounting.
(2) Does not include expenditures of $237,600, $920,453, $2,252,900, $1,480,248, $2,079,268, $985,371 and $241,076 which were obtained from bank borrowings and used to pay the limited partners’ share of sales commissions of $237,600, $722,453, $1,940,400, $1,183,248, $1,656,468, $827,046 and $190,476 and organization costs of $—0—, $198,000, $312,500, $297,000, $422,800, $158,325 and $50,600 for the 1979, 1980, 1981, 1981-II, 1982-A, 1982-B and 1983-A Programs, respectively.
(3) Includes original subscriptions of limited partners totaling $10,000,000 and additional assessments totaling $2,000,000.
(4) Includes original subscriptions of limited partners totaling $25,000,000 and additional assessments totaling $4,255,000.
(5) In November 2004 the 1984 Program made a distribution of $31,185 to that program’s limited partners.
(6) In November 2004 the 1986 Program made a distribution of $11,700 to that program’s limited partners.
(7) In November 2004 the Consolidated Employee Program made a distribution of $152,224 to that program’s limited partners.
(8) In November 2004 the 2000 Employee Program made a distribution of $8,358 to that program’s limited partners.
(9) In November 2004 the 2001 Employee Program made a distribution of $17,390 to that program’s limited partners.
(10) In November 2004 the 2002 Employee Program made a distribution of $26,963 to that program’s limited partners.
(11) In November 2004 the 2003 Employee Program made a distribution of $37,772 to that program’s limited partners.

 

FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

 

The following is a summary of the opinions of Conner & Winters on all material federal income tax consequences to the Partnership and to the Limited Partners. The full tax opinion of Conner & Winters is attached to this Memorandum as Exhibit B. All prospective investors should review Exhibit B in its entirety before investing in the Partnership. There may be aspects of a particular investor’s tax situation which are not addressed in the following discussion or in Exhibit B. Additionally, the resolution of certain tax issues depends upon future facts and circumstances not known to Conner & Winters as of the date of this Memorandum; thus, no assurance as to the final resolution of such issues should be drawn from the following discussion.

 

The following statements are based upon the provisions of the Code, existing and proposed regulations promulgated under the Code (“Regulations”), current administrative rulings, and court decisions. It is possible that legislative or administrative changes or future court decisions may significantly modify the statements and opinions expressed herein. Such changes could be retroactive with respect to transactions occurring prior to the date of such changes.

 

Moreover, uncertainty exists concerning some of the federal income tax aspects of the transactions being undertaken by the Partnership. Some of the tax positions being taken by the Partnership may be challenged by the Service. Thus, there can be no assurance that all of the anticipated tax benefits of an investment in the Partnership will be realized.

 

Conner & Winters’ opinion is based upon the transactions described in this Memorandum (the “Transaction” ) and upon facts as they have been represented to Conner & Winters or determined by it as of the date of the opinion. Any alteration of the facts could render the conclusions in the opinion inapplicable.

 

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Because of the factual nature of the inquiry, and in certain cases the lack of clear authority in the law, it is not possible to reach a judgment as to the outcome on the merits (either favorable or unfavorable) of certain material federal income tax issues as described more fully herein.

 

Summary of Conclusions

 

Opinions expressed: The following is a summary of the specific federal income tax opinions rendered by Conner & Winters in Exhibit B.

 

1. The material federal income tax benefits in the aggregate from an investment in the Partnership will be realized.

 

2. The Partnership will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and not as a corporation, an association taxable as a corporation or a “publicly traded partnership”. See “Partnership Status”; “Federal Taxation of Partnerships.”

 

3. To the extent the Partnership’s wells are timely drilled and its drilling costs are timely paid, the Partners will be entitled to their pro rata shares of the Partnership’s intangible drilling and development costs (“IDC”) paid in 2005. See “Intangible Drilling and Development Costs Deductions.”

 

4. Most Limited Partners’ Units will be considered as ownership interests in a passive activity within the meaning of Code Section 469 and losses generated therefrom will be limited by the passive activity provisions of the Code. See “Passive Loss and Credit Limitations.”

 

5. To the extent provided herein, the Partners’ distributive shares of Partnership tax items will be determined and allocated substantially in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. See “Partnership Allocations.”

 

6. The Partnership will not be required to register with the Service as a tax shelter. See “Registration as a Tax Shelter.”

 

No opinion expressed: Due to the lack of authority regarding, or the essentially factual nature of, the issue, Conner & Winters expresses no opinion as to:

 

1. The impact of an investment in the Partnership on an investor’s alternative minimum tax liability, due to the factual nature of the issue (See “Alternative Minimum Tax”);

 

2. Whether each Partner will be entitled to percentage depletion since such a determination is dependent upon the status of the Partner as an independent producer and on the Partner’s other oil and gas production; due to the inherently factual nature of such a determination, Conner & Winters is unable to render an opinion as to the availability of percentage depletion (See “Depletion Deductions”);

 

3. Whether the Partnership will be treated as the tax owner of Partnership Properties acquired by the General Partner as nominee for the Partnership.

 

Facts and Representations: In rendering its opinion, Conner & Winters relied upon certain representations made to it by the General Partner, including the following:

 

1. The Partnership Agreement to be entered into by and among the General Partner and Limited Partners and any amendments thereto will be duly executed and will be made available to any Limited Partner upon written request. The Partnership Agreement will be duly recorded in all places required under the Oklahoma Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act (the “Act” ) for the due formation of the Partnership and for the continuation thereof in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. The Partnership will at all times be operated in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement, the Memorandum, and the Act.

 

2. No election will be made by the Partnership, Limited Partners, or General Partner to be excluded from the application of the provisions of Subchapter K of the Code.

 

3. The Partnership will own operating mineral interests, as defined in the Code and in the Regulations, and none of the Partnership’s revenues will be from non-working interests.

 

4. The General Partner will cause the Partnership to properly elect to deduct currently all IDC.

 

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5. The Partnership will have a December 31 taxable year and will report its income on the accrual basis.

 

6. All Partnership wells will be spudded by not later than December 31, 2005. The entire amount to be paid under any drilling and operating agreements entered into by the Partnership will be attributable to IDC.

 

7. Such drilling and operating agreements will be duly executed and will govern the operation of the Partnership’s wells.

 

8. Based upon the General Partner’s review of its experience with its previous oil and gas partnerships for the past several years and upon the intended operations of the Partnership, the General Partner believes that the sum of (i) the aggregate deductions, including depletion deductions, and (ii) 350 percent of the aggregate tax credits from the Partnership will not, as of the close of any of the first five years ending after the date on which Units are offered for sale, exceed two times the aggregate cash invested by the Partners in the Partnership as of such dates. In that regard, the General Partner has reviewed the economics of its similar oil and gas partnerships for the past several years, and has represented that it has determined that none of those partnerships has resulted in a “tax shelter ratio”, as such term is defined in the Code and Regulations, greater than two to one. Further, the General Partner has represented that the deductions that are or will be represented as potentially allowable to an investor will not result in the Partnership having a tax shelter ratio, as such term is defined in the Code and Regulations, greater than two to one.

 

9. The General Partner believes that at least 90% of the gross income of the Partnership will constitute income derived from the exploration, development, production, and/or marketing of oil and gas. The General Partner does not believe that any market will ever exist for the sale of Units and the General Partner will not make a market for the Units. Further, the Units will not be traded on an established securities market.

 

10. The Partnership and each Partner will have the objective of carrying on the business of the Partnership for profit and dividing the gain therefrom.

 

11. The General Partner will, as nominee for the Partnership, acquire and hold title to Partnership Properties on behalf of the Partnership; the General Partner will enter into an agency agreement before the General Partner acquires any such oil and gas properties on behalf of the Partnership; the agency agreement will reflect that the General Partner’s acquisition of Partnership properties is on behalf of the Partnership; and the General Partner will execute assignments of all oil and gas interests acquired by it on behalf of the Partnership to the Partnership.

 

The opinions of Conner & Winters are also subject to all the assumptions, qualifications, and limitations set forth in the following discussion and in the opinion, including the assumptions that each of the Partners has full power, authority, and legal right to enter into and perform the terms of the Partnership Agreement and to take any and all actions thereunder in connection with the transactions contemplated thereby.

 

Each prospective investor should be aware that, unlike a ruling from the Service, an opinion of Conner & Winters represents only Conner & Winters’ best judgment. THERE CAN BE NO ASSURANCE THAT THE SERVICE WILL NOT SUCCESSFULLY ASSERT POSITIONS WHICH ARE INCONSISTENT WITH THE OPINIONS OF CONNER & WINTERS SET FORTH IN THIS DISCUSSION AND EXHIBIT B OR IN THE TAX REPORTING POSITIONS TAKEN BY THE PARTNERS OR THE PARTNERSHIP. EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR SHOULD CONSULT HIS OR HER OWN TAX ADVISOR TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF THE TAX ISSUES DISCUSSED HEREIN AND IN EXHIBIT B ON HIS OR HER INDIVIDUAL TAX SITUATION.

 

General Tax Effects of Partnership Structure

 

The Partnership will be formed as a limited partnership pursuant to the Partnership Agreement and the laws of the State of Oklahoma. No tax ruling will be sought from the Service as to the status of the Partnership as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. The applicability of the federal income tax consequences described herein depends on the treatment of the Partnership as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and not as a corporation and not as an association taxable as a corporation. Any tax benefits anticipated from an investment in the Partnership would be adversely affected or eliminated if the Partnership were treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.

 

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Conner & Winters is of the opinion that, at the time of its formation, the Partnership will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. The opinion is based on the provisions of the Partnership Agreement, applicable state and federal law and representations made by the General Partner

 

Under the Code, a partnership is not a taxable entity and, accordingly, incurs no federal income tax liability. Rather, a partnership is a “pass-through” entity which is required to file an information income tax return with the Service. In general, the character of a partner’s share of each item of income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit is determined at the partnership level. Each partner is allocated a distributive share of such items in accordance with the partnership agreement and is required to take such items into account in determining the partner’s income. Each partner includes such amounts in determining his or her income for any taxable year of the partnership ending within or with the taxable year of the partner, without regard to whether the partner has received or will receive any cash distributions from the partnership.

 

Ownership of Partnership Properties

 

The General Partner has indicated that it, as nominee for the Partnership (the “Nominee” ), will acquire and hold title to Partnership Properties on behalf of the Partnership. The Nominee and the Partnership will enter into an agency agreement before the Nominee acquires any oil and gas properties on behalf of the Partnership. That agency agreement will reflect that the Nominee’s acquisition of Partnership Properties is on behalf of the Partnership. The Nominee will execute assignments of all oil and gas interest acquired by the Nominee on behalf of the Partnership to the Partnership. For various cost and procedural reasons, the assignments will not be recorded in the real estate records in the counties in which the Partnership Properties are located. That is, while the Partnership will be the owner of the Partnership Properties, there will be no public record of that ownership. It is possible that the Service could assert that the Nominee should be treated for federal income tax purposes as the owner of the Partnership Properties, notwithstanding the assignment of those Partnership Properties to the Partnership. If the Service were to argue successfully that the Nominee should be treated as the tax owner of the Partnership Properties, there would be significant adverse federal income tax consequences to the Limited Partners, such as the unavailability of depletion deductions in respect of income from Partnership Properties. The Service is concerned that taxpayers not be able to shift the tax consequences of transactions between parties based on the parties’ declaration that one party is the agent of another; the Service generally requires that taxpayers respect the form of their transactions and ownership of property. Based on this concern, the Service may challenge the Partnership’s treatment of Partnership Properties, and tax attributes thereof, which are held of record by the Nominee.

 

In Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Bollinger , 485 U.S. 340 (1988), the United States Supreme Court reviewed a principal-agent relationship and held for the taxpayer in concluding that the principal should be treated as the tax owner of property held in the name of the agent. In that case the Supreme Court noted that “It seems to us that the genuineness of the agency relationship is adequately assured, and tax-avoiding manipulation adequately avoided, when the fact that the corporation is acting as agent for its shareholders with respect to a particular asset is set forth in a written agreement at the time the asset is acquired, the corporation functions as agent and not principal with respect to the asset for all purposes, and the corporation is held out as the agent and not principal in all dealings with third parties relating to the asset.” While the Partnership and the Nominee will have in place an agreement defining their relationship before any Partnership Properties are acquired by the Nominee and the Nominee will function as agent with respect to those Partnership Properties on behalf of the Partnership, the Nominee will not hold itself out to all third parties as the agent of the Partnership in dealings relating to the Partnership Properties. Unlike the relationship between the principal and the agent in Bollinger , the Nominee will, however, assign title to Partnership Properties to the Partnership, but will not record those assignments. Accordingly, the facts related to the relationship between the Nominee and the Partnership are not the same as the facts in Bollinger and it is not clear that the failure of the Nominee to hold itself out to third parties as the agent of the Partnership in dealings relating to Partnership Properties should result in the treatment of the Nominee as the tax owner of the Partnership Properties. For the foregoing reasons, Conner & Winters have not expressed an opinion on this issue, but Conner & Winters believe that substantial arguments may be made that the Partnership should be treated as the tax owner of Partnership Properties acquired by the Nominee on the Partnership’s behalf. If the Partnership were not treated as the tax owner of Partnership Properties, then the following discussions which relate to the Partners’ deduction of tax items which are derived from Partnership Properties, such as IDC, depletion and depreciation, would not be applicable.

 

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Intangible Drilling and Development Costs Deductions

 

Congress granted to the Secretary of the Treasury the authority to prescribe regulations that would allow taxpayers the option of deducting, rather than capitalizing, IDC. The Secretary’s rules state that, in general, the option to deduct IDC applies only to expenditures for drilling and development items that do not have a salvage value.

 

The Memorandum provides that 75% of the Partners’ capital contributions will be utilized for IDC, which will flow through to the Partners as a deductible item in the year of investment. The deduction of IDC by most Limited Partners generally will be available only to offset passive income. Based on a deduction of 75% of a Partner’s capital contribution, a one Unit ($1,000) investor in a 35% marginal Federal tax bracket could possibly reduce taxes payable by $262. The investor might also realize additional tax savings on income taxes in the state in which such investor resides.

 

Classification of Costs. In general, IDC consists of those costs which in and of themselves have no salvage value. In previous partnerships for which the General Partner has served as general partner, intangible drilling and development costs have ranged from 72% to 27% of the investors’ contributions. While the planned activities of the Partnership are similar in nature to those of prior partnerships, the amount of expenditures classified as IDC could be greater or less than for prior partnerships. In addition, a partnership’s classification of a cost as IDC is not binding on the Service, which might reclassify an item labeled as IDC as a cost which must be capitalized. To the extent not deductible, such amounts will be included in the Partnership’s basis in a mineral property and in the Partners’ tax basis in their interests in the Partnership.

 

Timing of Deductions. Although the Partnership will elect to deduct IDC, each investor has an option of deducting IDC, or capitalizing all or a part of the IDC and amortizing it on a straight-line basis over a sixty-month period, beginning with the taxable month in which the expenditure is made. In addition to the effect of this change on regular taxable income, the two methods have different treatment under the Alternative Minimum Tax ( “AMT” ) (see “Alternative Minimum Tax”).

 

Although the General Partner will attempt to satisfy each requirement for deductibility of the Partnership’s IDC in 2005, no assurance can be given that the Service will not successfully contend that the IDC of a Partnership well which is not completed until 2006 is not deductible in whole or in part until 2006. Furthermore, no assurance can be given that the Service will not challenge the current deduction of IDC because of the prepayment being made to a related party. If the Service were successful with such a challenge, the Partners’ deductions for IDC would be deferred to later years.

 

Recapture of IDC. IDC previously deducted that is allocable to a property (directly or through the ownership of an interest in a partnership) and which, if capitalized, would have been included in the adjusted basis of the property is recaptured as ordinary income to the extent of any gain realized upon the disposition of the property. Treasury regulations provide that recapture is determined at the partner level (subject to certain anti-abuse provisions). Where only a portion of recapture property is disposed of, any IDC related to the entire property is recaptured to the extent of the gain realized on the portion of the property sold. In the case of the disposition of an undivided interest in a property (as opposed to the disposition of a portion of the property), a proportionate part of the IDC with respect to the property is treated as allocable to the transferred undivided interest to the extent of any realized gain.

 

Depletion Deductions

 

The owner of an economic interest in an oil and gas property is entitled to claim the greater of percentage depletion or cost depletion with respect to oil and gas properties which qualify for such depletion methods. In the case of partnerships, the depletion allowance must be computed separately by each partner and not by the partnership. For properties placed in service after 1986, depletion deductions, to the extent they reduce basis in an oil and gas property, are subject to recapture under Code section 1254.

 

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Cost depletion for any year is determined by multiplying the number of units (e.g., barrels of oil or Mcf of gas) sold during the year by a fraction, the numerator of which is the cost or other basis of the mineral interest and the denominator of which is total reserves available at the beginning of the period. In no event can the cost depletion exceed the adjusted basis of the property to which it relates.

 

Percentage depletion is a statutory allowance pursuant to which a deduction currently equal to 15% of the taxpayer’s gross income from each property is allowed in any taxable year, not to exceed 100% of the taxpayer’s taxable income from the property (computed without the allowance for depletion) with the aggregate deduction limited to 65% of the taxpayer’s taxable income for the year (computed without regard to percentage depletion and net operating loss and capital loss carrybacks). The percentage depletion deduction rate will vary with the price of oil, but the rate will not be less than 15%. A percentage depletion deduction that is disallowed in a year due to the 65% of taxable income limitation may be carried forward and allowed as a deduction for a subsequent year, subject to the 65% limitation in that subsequent year. Percentage depletion deductions reduce the taxpayer’s adjusted basis in the property. However, unlike cost depletion, percentage depletion deductions are not limited to the adjusted basis of the property; the percentage depletion amount continues to be allowable as a deduction after the adjusted basis has been reduced to zero.

 

The availability of depletion, whether cost or percentage, will be determined separately by each Partner. Each Partner must separately keep records of his share of the adjusted basis in an oil or gas property, adjust such share of the adjusted basis for any depletion taken on such property, and use such adjusted basis each year in the computation of his cost depletion or in the computation of his gain or loss on the disposition of such property. These requirements may place an administrative burden on a Partner.

 

Depreciation Deductions

 

The Partnership will claim depreciation, cost recovery, and amortization deductions with respect to its basis in Partnership Property as permitted by the Code.

 

Transaction Fees

 

The Partnership may classify a portion of the fees or expense reimbursements to be paid to third parties and to the General Partner as expenses which are deductible as organizational expenses or otherwise. There is no assurance that the Service will allow the deductibility of such expenses and Conner & Winters expresses no opinion with respect to the allocation of such fees or reimbursements to deductible and nondeductible items.

 

Generally, expenditures made in connection with the creation of, and with sales of interests in, a partnership will fit within one of several categories.

 

A partnership may elect to amortize and deduct its organizational expenses ratably over a period of not less than 60 months commencing with the month the partnership begins business. Examples of organizational expenses are legal fees for services incident to the organization of the partnership, such as negotiation and preparation of a partnership agreement, accounting fees for services incident to the organization of the partnership, and filing fees.

 

No deduction is allowable for “syndication expenses,” examples of which include brokerage fees, registration fees, legal fees of the underwriter or placement agent and the issuer (general partners or the partnership) for securities advice and for advice pertaining to the adequacy of tax disclosures in the offering or private placement memorandum for securities law purposes, printing costs, and other selling or promotional material. These costs must be capitalized. Payments for services performed in connection with the acquisition of capital assets must be amortized over the useful life of such assets.

 

No deduction is allowable with respect to “start-up expenditures,” although such expenditures may be capitalized and amortized over a period of not less than 60 months.

 

The Partnership intends to make overhead reimbursement payments to the General Partner, as described in greater detail in the Memorandum. To be deductible, payments to a partner must be for services rendered by the partner other than in his or its capacity as a partner or for compensation determined without regard to partnership income. Payments which are not deductible because they fail to meet this test may be treated as special allocations of income to the recipient partner and thereby decrease the net loss, or increase the net income

 

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among all partners. If the Service were to successfully challenge the General Partner’s allocations, a Partner’s taxable income could be increased, thereby resulting in increased taxes and in potential liability for interest and penalties.

 

Basis and At Risk Limitations

 

A Partner’s share of Partnership losses will be allowed as a deduction by the Partner only to the extent of the aggregate amount with respect to which the taxpayer-Partner is “at risk” for the Partnership’s activity at the close of the taxable year. Any such loss disallowed by the “at risk” limitation shall be treated as a deduction allocable to the activity in the first succeeding taxable year.

 

The Code provides that a taxpayer must recognize taxable income to the extent that his or her “at risk” amount is reduced below zero. This “recaptured” income is limited to the sum of the loss deductions previously allowed to the taxpayer, less any amounts previously recaptured. A taxpayer may be allowed a deduction for the recaptured amounts included in his taxable income if and when he increases his amount “at risk” in a subsequent taxable year.

 

The Limited Partners will purchase Units by tendering cash to the Partnership. To the extent the cash contributed constitutes the “personal funds” of the Partners, the Partners should be considered at risk with respect to those amounts. If the cash contributed constitutes “personal funds,” in the opinion of Conner & Winters, neither the at risk rules nor the adjusted basis rules will limit the deductibility of losses generated from the Partnership and allocated to a Limited Partner, to the extent of such Limited Partner’s cash contributions. In no event, however, may a Partner deduct his distributive share of partnership loss where such share exceeds the Partner’s tax basis in the Partnership.

 

Passive Loss Limitations

 

Introduction. The deductibility of losses generated from passive activities will be limited for certain taxpayers. The passive activity loss limitations apply to individuals, estates, trusts, and personal service corporations as well as, to a lesser extent, closely held C corporations.

 

The definition of a “passive activity” generally encompasses all rental activities as well as all activities with respect to which the taxpayer does not “materially participate.” A taxpayer will be considered as materially participating in a venture only if the taxpayer is involved in the operations of the activity on a “regular, continuous, and substantial” basis. In addition, no limited partnership interest will be treated as an interest with respect to which a taxpayer materially participates.

 

Passive activity losses ( “PALs” ) of a taxpayer are the amounts of such taxpayer’s losses from passive activities for a taxable year. Individuals and personal service corporations are entitled to deduct PALs only to the extent of their passive income whereas closely held C corporations (other than personal service corporations) can offset PALs against both passive and net active income, but not against portfolio (dividends, interest, etc.) income. In calculating passive income and loss, however, all passive activities of the taxpayer are aggregated. PALs disallowed as a result of the above rules will be suspended and can be carried forward indefinitely to offset future passive (or passive and active, in the case of a closely held C corporation) income.

 

Upon a taxpayer’s disposition of his entire interest in a passive activity in a fully taxable transaction not involving a related party, any passive loss of such taxpayer that was suspended by the provisions of the passive activity loss rules is deductible against either passive or non-passive income.

 

Limited Partner Interests. Most Limited Partners’ distributive shares of the Partnership’s losses will be treated as PALs, the availability of which will be limited in each case to the individual Partner’s passive income in all passive activities in which the Limited Partner has an interest. If a Limited Partner does not have sufficient passive income to utilize the PALs, the disallowed PALs will be suspended and may be carried forward to be deducted against passive income arising in future years. Further, upon the disposition by a Limited Partner of his entire interest in the Partnership to an unrelated party in a fully taxable transaction, such suspended losses will be available, as described above.

 

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Gain or Loss on Sale of Property or Units

 

In the event some or all of the property of the Partnership is sold, or upon sale of a Unit, a Limited Partner will realize gain to the extent the amount realized exceeds his or her basis in the Partnership. In such case, there may be recapture, as ordinary income, of IDCs and depletion previously allocated to such Limited Partner. If the gain realized exceeds the amount of the recapture income, the Limited Partner will recognize capital gains for the balance.

 

It is possible that a Limited Partner will be required to recognize ordinary income pursuant to the recapture rules in excess of the taxable income on the disposition transaction or in a situation where the disposition transaction resulted in a taxable loss. To balance the excess income, the Limited Partner would recognize a capital loss for the difference between the gain and the income. Depending on a Limited Partner’s particular tax situation, some or all of this loss might be deferred to future years, resulting in a greater tax liability in the year in which the sale was made and a reduced future tax liability.

 

Any partner who sells or exchanges interests in a partnership must generally notify the partnership in writing within 30 days of such transaction in accordance with Regulations and must attach a statement to his tax return reflecting certain facts regarding the sale or exchange. The notice must include names, addresses, and taxpayer identification numbers (if known) of the transferor and transferee and the date of the exchange. The partnership also is required to provide copies to the transferor and the transferee of information it is required to provide to the Service in connection with such a transfer.

 

Partnership Distributions

 

Under the Code, any increase in a partner’s share of partnership liabilities, or any increase in such partner’s individual liabilities by reason of an assumption by him or her of partnership liabilities is considered to be a contribution of money by the partner to the partnership. Similarly, any decrease in a partner’s share of partnership liabilities or any decrease in such partner’s individual liabilities by reason of the partnership’s assumption of such individual liabilities will be considered as a distribution, a constructive distribution, of money to the partner by the partnership.

 

A Partner’s adjusted basis in his or her Units will initially consist of the cash he or she contributes to the Partnership. His or her basis will be increased by his or her share of Partnership income and decreased by his or her share of Partnership losses and distributions. To the extent that actual or constructive distributions are in excess of a Partner’s adjusted basis in his or her Partnership interest (after adjustment for contributions and his or her share of income and losses of the Partnership), that excess will generally be treated as gain from the sale of a capital asset. In addition, gain could be recognized to a distributee partner upon the disproportionate distribution to a partner of unrealized receivables or substantially appreciated inventory. The Partnership Agreement prohibits distributions to a Limited Partner to the extent such distribution would create or increase a deficit in a Limited Partner’s Capital Account.

 

Partnership Allocations

 

The Partners’ distributive shares of partnership income, gain, loss, and deduction should be determined and allocated substantially in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement.

 

The Service could contend that the allocations contained in the Partnership Agreement do not have substantial economic effect or are not in accordance with the Partners’ interests in the Partnership and may seek to reallocate these items in a manner that will increase the income or gain or decrease the deductions allocable to a Partner.

 

Administrative Matters

 

Returns and Audits. While no federal income tax is required to be paid by an organization classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, a partnership must file federal income tax information returns which are subject to audit by the Service. Any such audit may lead to adjustments, in which event the Limited Partners may be required to file amended personal federal income tax returns. Any such audit may also lead to an audit of a Limited Partner’s individual tax return and adjustments to items unrelated to an investment in Units.

 

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For purposes of reporting, audit, and assessment of additional federal income tax, the tax treatment of “partnership items” is determined at the partnership level. Partnership items will include those items that the Regulations provide are more appropriately determined at the partnership level than the partner level. The Service generally cannot initiate deficiency proceedings against an individual partner with respect to partnership items without first conducting an administrative proceeding at the partnership level as to the correctness of the partnership’s treatment of the item. An individual partner may not file suit for a credit or a refund arising out of a partnership item without first filing a request for an administrative proceeding by the Service at the partnership level. Individual partners are entitled to notice of such administrative proceedings and decisions therein, except in the case of partners with less than 1% profits interest in a partnership having more than 100 partners. If a group of partners having an aggregate profits interest of 5% or more in such a partnership so requests, however, the Service also must mail notice to a partner appointed by that group to receive notice. All partners, whether or not entitled to notice, are entitled to participate in the administrative proceedings at the partnership level, although the Partnership Agreement provides for waiver of certain of these rights by the Limited Partners. All Partners, including those not entitled to notice, may be bound by a settlement reached by the Partnership’s representative, the “tax matters partner,” which will be Unit Petroleum Company. If a proposed tax deficiency is contested in any court by any Partner or by the General Partner, all Partners may be deemed parties to such litigation and bound by the result reached therein.

 

Consistency Requirements. A partner must generally treat partnership items on his or her federal income tax returns consistently with the treatment of such items on the partnership information return unless he or she files a statement with the Service identifying the inconsistency or otherwise satisfies the requirements for waiver of the consistency requirement. Failure to satisfy this requirement will result in an adjustment to conform the partner’s treatment of the item with the treatment of the item on the partnership return. Intentional or negligent disregard of the consistency requirement may subject a partner to substantial penalties.

 

Compliance Provisions. Taxpayers are subject to several penalties and other provisions that encourage compliance with the federal income tax laws, including an accuracy-related penalty in an amount equal to 20% of the portion of an underpayment of tax caused by negligence, intentional disregard of rules or regulations or any “substantial understatement” of income tax. A “substantial understatement” of tax is an understatement of income tax that exceeds the greater of (a) 10% of the tax required to be shown on the return (the correct tax), or (b) $5,000 ($10,000 in the case of a corporation other than an S corporation or personal holding corporation).

 

Except in the case of understatements attributable to “tax shelter” items, an item of understatement may not give rise to the penalty if (a) there is or was “substantial authority” for the taxpayer’s treatment of the item or (b) all facts relevant to the tax treatment of the item are disclosed on the return or on a statement attached to the return, and there is a reasonable basis for the tax treatment of such item by the taxpayer. In the case of partnerships, the disclosure is to be made on the return of the partnership. Under the applicable Regulations, however, an individual partner may make adequate disclosure with respect to partnership items if certain conditions are met.

 

In the case of understatements attributable to “tax shelter” items, the substantial understatement penalty may be avoided only if the taxpayer establishes that, in addition to having substantial authority for his or her position, he or she reasonably believed the treatment claimed was more likely than not the proper treatment of the item. A “tax shelter” item is one that arises from a partnership (or other form of investment) the principal purpose of which is the avoidance or evasion of federal income tax.

 

Based on the definition of a “tax shelter” in the Regulations, performance of previous partnerships, and the planned activities of the Partnership, the General Partner does not believe that the Partnership will qualify as a “tax shelter” under the Code, and will not register it as such.

 

Accounting Methods and Periods

 

The Partnership will use the accrual method of accounting and will select the calendar year as its taxable year.

 

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State and Local Taxes

 

The opinions expressed herein are limited to issues of federal income tax law and do not address issues of state or local law. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the impact of state and local laws on an investment in the Partnership.

 

Individual Tax Advice Should Be Sought

 

The foregoing is only a summary of the material tax considerations that may affect an investor’s decision regarding the purchase of Units. The tax considerations attendant to an investment in a Partnership are complex and vary with individual circumstances. Each prospective investor should review such tax consequences with his tax advisor.

 

COMPETITION, MARKETS AND REGULATION

 

The oil and gas industry is highly competitive in all its phases. The Partnership will encounter strong competition from both major independent oil companies and individuals, many of which possess substantial financial resources, in acquiring economically desirable prospects and equipment and labor to operate and maintain Partnership Properties. There are likewise numerous companies and individuals engaged in the organization and conduct of oil and gas drilling programs and there is a high degree of competition among such companies and individuals in the offering of their programs.

 

Marketing of Production

 

The availability of a ready market for any oil and gas produced from Partnership Wells will depend upon numerous factors beyond the control of the Partnership, including the extent of domestic production and importation of oil and gas, the proximity of Partnership Wells to gas pipelines and the capacity of such gas pipelines, the marketing of other competitive fuels, fluctuation in demand, governmental regulation of production, refining and transportation, general national and worldwide economic conditions, and the pricing, use and allocation of oil and gas and their substitute fuels.

 

The demand for gas decreased significantly in the 1980s due to economic conditions, conservation and other factors. As a result of such reduced demand and other factors, including the Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act (the “Fuel Use Act” ) which related to the use of oil and gas in the United States in certain fuel burning installations, many pipeline companies began purchasing gas on terms which were not as favorable to sellers as terms governing purchases of gas prior thereto. Spot market gas prices declined generally during that period. While the Fuel Use Act has been repealed and the markets for gas have improved significantly recently, there can be no assurance that such improvement will continue. As a result, it is possible that there may be significant delays in selling any gas from Partnership Properties.

 

In the event the Partnership acquires an interest in a gas well or completes a productive gas well, or a well that produces both oil and gas, the well may be shut in for a substantial period of time for lack of a market if the well is in an area distant from existing gas pipelines. The well may remain shut in until such time as a gas pipeline, with available capacity, is extended to such an area or until such time as sufficient wells are drilled to establish adequate reserves which would justify the construction of a gas pipeline, processing facilities, if necessary, and a transmission system.

 

The worldwide supply of oil has been largely dependent upon rates of production of foreign reserves. Although in recent years the demand for oil has slightly increased in this country, imports of foreign oil continue to increase. Consequently, historically the prices for domestic oil production have generally remained low. Future domestic oil prices will depend largely upon the actions of foreign producers with respect to rates of production and it is virtually impossible to predict what actions those producers will take in the future. Prices may also be affected by political and other factors relating to the Middle East. As a result, it is possible that prices for oil, if any, produced from a Partnership Well will be lower than those currently available or projected at the time the interest therein is acquired. In view of the many uncertainties affecting the supply and demand for crude oil and natural gas, and the change in the makeup of the Congress of the United States and the resulting potential for a different focus for the United States energy policy, the General Partner is unable to predict what future gas and oil prices will be.

 

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Regulation of Partnership Operations

 

Production of any oil and gas found by the Partnership will be affected by state and federal regulations. All states in which the Partnership intends to conduct activities have statutory provisions regulating the production and sale of oil and gas. Such statutes, and the regulations promulgated in connection therewith, generally are intended to prevent waste of oil and gas and to protect correlative rights and the opportunities to produce oil and gas as between owners of a common reservoir. Certain state regulatory authorities also regulate the amount of oil and gas produced by assigning allowable rates of production to each well or proration unit. Pertinent state and federal statutes and regulations also extend to the prevention and clean-up of pollution. These laws and regulations are subject to change and no predictions can be made as to what changes may be made or the effect of such changes on the Partnership’s operations.

 

Under the laws and administrative regulations of the State of Oklahoma regarding forced pooling, owners of oil and gas leases or unleased mineral interests may be required to elect to participate in the drilling of a well with other fractional undivided interest owners within an established spacing unit or to sell or farm out their interest therein. The terms of any such sale or farm-out are generally those determined by the Oklahoma Corporation Commission to be equal to the most favorable terms then available in the area in arm’s length transactions although there can be no assurance that this will be the case. In addition, if properties become the subject of a forced pooling order, drilling operations may have to be undertaken at a time or with other parties which the General Partner feels may not be in the best interest of the Partnership. In such event, the Partnership may have to farm out or assign its interest in such properties. In addition, if a property which might otherwise be acquired by the Partnership becomes subject to such an order, it may become unavailable to the Partnership. Finally, as a result of forced pooling proceedings involving a Partnership Property, the Partnership may acquire a larger than anticipated interest in such property, thereby increasing its share of the costs of operations to be conducted.

 

Natural Gas Price Regulation

 

Partnership Revenues are likely to be dependent on the sale and transportation of natural gas that may be subject to regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ( “FERC” ). Historically the sale of natural gas has been regulated by the FERC under the Natural Gas Act of 1938 ( “NGA” ) and/or the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 ( “NGPA” ). Under the NGPA, natural gas is divided into numerous, complex categories based on, among other things, when, where and how deep the gas well was drilled and whether the gas was committed to interstate or intrastate commerce on the day before the date of enactment of the statute. These categories determine whether the natural gas remains subject to non-price regulation under the NGA and/or to maximum price restrictions under the NGPA. In addition to setting ceiling prices for natural gas, FERC approval is required for both the commencement and abandonment of sales of certain categories of gas in interstate commerce for resale and for the transportation of natural gas in interstate commerce. FERC has general investigatory and other powers, including limited authority to set aside or modify terms of gas purchase contracts subject to its jurisdiction. Price and non-price regulation of natural gas produced from most wells drilled after 1978 has terminated. That gas may be sold without prior regulatory approval and at whatever price the market will bear.

 

On July 26, 1989, the Natural Gas Wellhead Decontrol Act of 1989 became effective. Consequently, due to this statutory deregulation and FERC’s issuance of Order No. 547 discussed below, as of January 7, 1993 the price of virtually all gas produced by producers not affiliated with interstate pipelines has been deregulated by FERC.

 

Market determined prices for deregulated categories of natural gas fluctuate in response to market pressures which currently favor purchasers and disfavor producers. As a result of the deregulation of a greater proportion of the domestic United States gas market and an increased availability of natural gas transportation, a competitive trading market for gas has developed. For several reasons the supply of gas has exceeded demand. The General Partner cannot reliably predict at this time whether such supply/demand imbalance will improve or worsen from a producer’s viewpoint.

 

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During the past several years, FERC has adopted several regulations designed to create a more competitive, less regulated market for natural gas. These regulations have materially affected the market for natural gas.

 

FERC’s initial major initiative was adoption of its “open-access transportation program,” through Order No.s 436 and 500. Regulation of Natural Gas Pipelines After Partial Wellhead Decontrol, Order No. 436, 50 Fed. Reg. 42,408 (October 18, 1985), vacated and remanded, Associated Gas Distributors v. FERC , 824 F.2d 981 (D.C. Cir. 1987), cert. denied , 485 U.S. 1006 (1988), readopted on an interim basis , Order No. 500, 52 Fed. Reg. 30,344 (Aug. 14, 1987), remanded , American Gas Association v. FERC , 888 F.2d 136 (D.C. Cir. 1989), readopted , Order No. 500-H, 54 Fed. Reg. 52,344 (Dec. 21, 1989), reh’g granted in part and denied in part , Order No. 500-I, 55 Red. Reg. 6605 (Feb. 26, 1990), aff’d in part and remanded in part , American Gas Association v. FERC , 912 F.2d 1496 (D.C. Cir. 1990), cert. denied , 111 S. Ct. 957 (1991). Order 436 implemented three key requirements: (1) jurisdictional pipelines were required to permit their firm sales customers to convert their firm sales entitlements to a volumetrically equivalent amount of firm transportation service over a five-year period; (2) jurisdictional pipelines were required to offer their open-access transportation services without discrimination or preference; and (3) jurisdictional pipelines were required to design maximum rates to ration capacity during peak periods and to maximize throughput for firm service during off-peak periods and for interruptible service during all periods. The availability of transportation under Order 500 greatly expanded the free trading market for natural gas, including the establishment of an active and viable spot market.

 

Subsequently, in Order 636 the FERC focused on whether the resulting regulatory structure provided all gas sellers with the same regulatory opportunity to compete for gas purchasers. It decided that the form of bundled pipeline services (gas sales and transportation) was unduly discriminatory and anticompetitive. Pipeline Service Obligations and Revisions to Regulations Governing Self-Implementing Transportation; and Regulation of Natural Gas Pipelines After Wellhead Decontrol, Order No. 636, 57 Fed. Reg. 13,267 (Apr. 16, 1992), III FERC Stats. & Regs. Preambles Paragraph 30,939, at 30,406; Regulations of Natural Gas Pipelines After Partial Wellhead Decontrol, and Order Denying Rehearing in Part, Granting Rehearing in Part, and Clarifying Order No. 636, Order No. 636-A, 57 Fed. Reg. 36,128 (Aug. 12, 1992), III FERC Stats. & Regs. Preambles Paragraph 30,950; Regulation of Natural Gas Pipelines After Partial Wellhead Decontrol; Regulation of Natural Gas Pipelines After Partial Wellhead Decontrol; Order Denying Rehearing and Clarifying Order Nos. 636 and 636-A, Order No. 636-B, 57 Fed. Reg. 57,911 (Dec. 8, 1992).

 

Among other things, Order 636 required each interstate pipeline company to “unbundle” its traditional wholesale services and create and make available on an open and nondiscriminatory basis numerous constituent services (such as gathering services, storage services, firm and interruptible transportation services, and stand-by sales services) and to adopt a new rate making methodology (Straight Fixed Variable) to determine appropriate rates for those services. To the extent the pipeline company or its sales affiliate makes gas sales as a merchant in the future, it will do so in direct competition with all other sellers pursuant to private contracts; however, pipeline companies have or will become “transporters only.” Order 636 also allows pipeline companies to act as agents for their customers in arranging the transportation of gas purchased from any supplier, including the pipeline itself, and to charge a negotiated fee for such agency services. The FERC required each pipeline company to develop the specific terms of service in individual proceedings and to submit for approval by FERC a compliance filing which set forth the pipeline company’s new, detailed procedures.

 

In response to a Court remand, on February 27, 1997 FERC issued its final rule further revising Order 636. Pipeline Service Obligations and Revisions to Regulations Governing Self-Implementing Transportation Under Part 284 and Regulation of National Pipelines After Partial Wellhead Decontrol, 62 Fed. Reg. 10204 (Mar. 6, 1997). It modified its regulation by (i) changing the selection of a twenty-year matching term for the right of first refusal and instead adopting a five-year matching term and (ii) reversing the requirement that pipelines allocate 10% of GSR costs to interruptible customers and requiring that pipelines propose the percentage that interruptible customers will bear based on the individual circumstances present on each pipeline. Most of the individual pipeline restructurings arising from Order 636 have been completed.

 

In essence, the goal of Order 636 is to make a pipeline’s position as gas merchant indistinguishable from that of a non-pipeline supplier. It, therefore, pushes the point of sale of gas by pipelines upstream, perhaps all the way to the wellhead. Order 636 also requires pipelines to give firm transportation customers flexibility with

 

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respect to receipt and delivery points (except that a firm shipper’s choice of delivery point cannot be downstream of the existing primary delivery point) and to allow “no-notice” service (which means that gas is available not only simultaneously but also without prior nomination, with the only limitation being the customer’s daily contract demand) if the pipeline offered no-notice city-gate sales service on May 18, 1992. Thus, this separation of pipelines’ sales and transportation allows non-pipeline sellers to acquire firm downstream transportation rights and thus to offer buyers what is effectively a bundled city-gate sales service and it permits each customer to assemble a package of services that serves its individual requirements. But it also makes more difficult the coordination of gas supply and transportation.

 

The results of these changes could increase the marketability of natural gas and place the burden of obtaining supplies of natural gas for local distribution systems directly on distributors who would no longer be able to rely on the aggregation of supplies by the interstate pipelines. Such distributors may return to longer term contracts with suppliers who can assure a secure supply of natural gas. A return to longer term contracts and the attendant decrease in gas available for the spot market could improve gas prices. The primary beneficiaries of these changes should be gas marketers and the producers who are able to demonstrate the availability of an assured long-term supply of natural gas to local distribution purchasers and to large end users. However, due to the still evolutionary nature of Order 636 and its implementation, it is not possible at this time to project the impact Order 636 will have on the Partnership’s ability to sell gas directly into gas markets previously served by the gas pipelines.

 

As a corollary to Order 636, FERC issued Order 547, which is a blanket certificate of public convenience and necessity pursuant to Section 7 of the NGA that authorizes any person who is not an interstate pipeline or an affiliate thereof to make sales for resale at negotiated rates in interstate commerce of any category of gas that is subject to the Commission’s NGA jurisdiction. (There are certain requirements which must be met before an affiliated marketer of an interstate pipeline can avail itself of this certification.) Regulations Governing Blanket Marketer Sales Certificates, Order No. 547, 57 Fed. Reg. 57,952 (Dec. 8, 1992) (to be codified at 18 C.F.R. Sections 284.401 - .402). The blanket certificates were effective January 7, 1993, and do not require any further application by a person. The goal of Order 457, in conjunction with Orders 636, 636-A and 636-B, is to provide all merchants of natural gas a “level playing field” so that gas merchants who are not interstate pipelines are on an equal footing with interstate pipeline merchants who are afforded blanket sales certificates pursuant to Order 636.

 

The FERC has also begun to allow individual companies to depart from cost-of-service regulation and set market-based rates if they can show they lack significant market power or have mitigated market power. See , e.g. , Richmond Gas Storage Systems , 59 FERC Paragraph 61,316 (1992); El Paso Natural Gas Company , 54 FERC Paragraph 61,316, reh’g granted and denied in part , 56 FERC Paragraph 61,290 (1990); Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corp. , 53 FERC Paragraph 61,446, reh’g granted and denied in part , 57 FERC Paragraph 61,345 (1991). Since the FERC has stated that “[w]here companies have market power, market-based rates are not appropriate,” in order to “enhance productive efficiency in non-competitive markets,” the FERC issued a rule allowing pipelines (and electric utilities) “to propose incentive rate mechanisms as alternatives to traditional cost-of-service regulations.” Incentive Ratemaking for Interstate Natural Gas Pipelines, Oil Pipelines, and Electric Utilities; Policy Statement on Incentive Regulation, 57 Fed. Reg. 55,231 (Nov. 24, 1992). The FERC has established five specific regulatory standards for implementing specific incentive mechanisms: they should (1) be prospective, (2) be voluntary, (3) be understandable, (4) result in quantifiable benefits to consumers including an upper limit on the risk to consumers that the incentive rates would be higher than rates they would have paid under traditional regulation, and (5) demonstrate how they maintain or enhance incentives to improve the quality of service.

 

Other regulatory actions have included elimination of minimum take and minimum bill provisions of pipeline sales tariffs (Order 380) and authorization of automatic abandonment authority upon expiration or termination of the underlying contracts (Order 490). FERC has also provided several forms of “blanket” certificates authorizing sales of gas with pregranted abandonment.

 

In addition, in Order 451, FERC established an alternative maximum lawful price for certain NGPA Section 104 and 106 gas produced from wells drilled prior to 1975 (so-called “old gas”) which otherwise would be subject to lower ceiling prices. FERC provided, however, that the higher price could be collected only where the parties amended the contract or pursuant to complicated “good faith negotiation” rules which permit

 

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purchasers facing requests for increased prices to seek reduction of certain higher prices and authorize abandonment of both the higher cost and lower cost supplies if agreement cannot be reached. After the Fifth Circuit vacated Order 451 as an invalid exercise of FERC’s authority, the United States Supreme Court reversed that decision and upheld the entirety of Order 451.

 

The issuance of Order 636 and its future interpretation, as well as the future interpretation and application by FERC of all of the above rules and its broad authority, or of the state and local regulations by the relevant agencies, could affect the terms and availability of transportation services for transportation of natural gas to customers and the prices at which gas can be sold on behalf of the Partnership. For instance, as a result of Order 636, many interstate pipeline companies have divested their gathering systems, either to unregulated affiliates or to third persons, a practice which could result in separate, and higher, rates for gathering a producer’s natural gas. In proceedings during mid and late 1994 allowing various interstate natural gas companies’ spindowns or spinoffs of gathering facilities, the FERC held that, except in limited circumstances of abuse, it generally lacks jurisdiction over a pipeline’s gathering affiliates, which neither transport natural gas in interstate commerce nor sell gas in interstate commerce for resale. However, pipelines spinning down gathering systems have to include two Order No. 497 standards of conduct in their tariffs: nondiscriminatory access to transportation for all sources of supply and no tying of pipeline transportation service to any service by the pipeline’s gathering affiliate. In addition, if unable to reach a mutually acceptable gathering contract with a present user of the gathering facilities, the FERC required that the pipeline must offer a two-year “default contract” to existing users of the gathering facilities. However, on appeal, while the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upheld the FERC’s allowing the spinning down of gathering facilities to a non-regulated affiliate, in Conoco Inc. v. FERC , 90 F.3d 536, 552-53 (D.C. Cir. 1996) the D.C. Circuit remanded the FERC’s default contract mechanism. On February 18, 1997 the United States Supreme Court denied a petition to review the D. C. Circuit’s decision. As a result of FERC’s action, some states have enacted or are considering statutory and/or regulatory provisions to regulate gathering systems. Consequently, the General Partner cannot reliably predict at this time how regulation will ultimately impact Partnership Revenue.

 

Oil Price Regulation

 

With respect to oil pipeline rates subject to the FERC’s jurisdiction under the Interstate Commerce Act, in October 1993 the FERC issued Order 561 to implement the requirements of Title XVIII of the Energy Policy Act of 1992. Order 561 established an indexing system, effective January 1, 1995, under which many oil pipelines are able to readily change their rates to track changes in the Producer Price Index for Finished Goods (PPI-FG), minus one percent. This index established ceiling levels for rates. Order 561 also permits cost-of-service proceedings to establish just and reasonable rates. The Order does not alter the right of a pipeline to seek FERC authorization to charge market rates. However, until the FERC makes the finding that the pipeline does not exercise significant market power, the pipeline’s rates cannot exceed the applicable index ceiling level or a level justified by the pipeline’s cost of service.

 

State Regulation of Oil and Gas Production

 

Most states in which the Partnership may conduct oil and gas activities regulate the production and sale of oil and natural gas. Those states generally impose requirements or restrictions for obtaining drilling permits, the method of developing new fields, the spacing and operation of wells and the prevention of waste of oil and gas resources. In addition, most states regulate the rate of production and may establish maximum daily production allowable from both oil and gas wells on a market demand or conservation basis. Until recently there has been no limit on allowable daily production on the basis of market demand, although at some locations production continues to be regulated for conservation or market purposes. In 1992 Oklahoma and Texas imposed additional limitations on gas production to more closely track market demand. The General Partner cannot predict whether any state regulatory agency may issue additional allowable reductions which may adversely affect the Partnership’s ability to produce its gas reserves.

 

Legislative and Regulatory Production and Pricing Proposals

 

A number of legislative and regulatory proposals continually are advanced which, if put into effect, could have an impact on the petroleum industry. The various proposals involve, among other things, an oil import fee, restructuring how oil pipeline rates are determined and implemented reducing production allowables, providing

 

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purchasers with “market-out” options in existing and future gas purchase contracts, eliminating or limiting the operation of take-or-pay clauses, eliminating or limiting the operation of “indefinite price escalator clauses” (e.g., pricing provisions which allow prices to escalate by means of reference to prices being paid by other purchasers of natural gas or prices for competing fuels), and state regulation of gathering systems. Proposals concerning these and other matters have been and will be made by members of the President’s office, Congress, regulatory agencies and special interest groups. The General Partner cannot predict what legislation or regulatory changes, if any, may result from such proposals or any effect therefrom on the Partnership.

 

The effect of these regulations could be to decrease allowable production on Partnership Properties and thereby to decrease Partnership Revenues. However, by decreasing the amount of natural gas available in the market, such regulations could also have the effect of increasing prices of natural gas, although there can be no assurance that any such increase will occur. There can also be no assurance that the proposed regulations described above will be adopted or that they will be adopted upon the terms set forth above. Additionally, such proposals, if adopted, are likely to be challenged in the courts and there can be no assurance as to the outcome of any such challenge.

 

Production and Environmental Regulation

 

Certain states in which the Partnership may drill and own productive properties control production from wells through regulations establishing the spacing of wells, limiting the number of days in a given month during which a well can produce and otherwise limiting the rate of allowable production.

 

In addition, the federal government and various state governments have adopted laws and regulations regarding protection of the environment. These laws and regulations may require the acquisition of a permit before or after drilling commences, impose requirements that increase the cost of operations, prohibit drilling activities on certain lands lying within wilderness areas or other environmentally sensitive areas and impose substantial liabilities for pollution resulting from drilling operations, particularly operations in offshore waters or on submerged lands.

 

A past, present, or future release or threatened release of a hazardous substance into the air, water, or ground by the Partnership or as a result of disposal practices may subject the Partnership to liability under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, as amended ( “CERCLA” ), the Resource Conservation Recovery Act ( “RCRA” ), the Clean Water Act, and/or similar state laws, and any regulations promulgated pursuant thereto. Under CERCLA and similar laws, the Partnership may be fully liable for the cleanup costs of a release of hazardous substances even though it contributed to only part of the release. While liability under CERCLA and similar laws may be limited under certain circumstances, typically the limits are so high that the maximum liability would likely have a significant adverse effect on the Partnership. In certain circumstances, the Partnership may have liability for releases of hazardous substances by previous owners of Partnership Properties. Additionally, the discharge or substantial threat of a discharge of oil by the Partnership into United States waters or onto an adjoining shoreline may subject the Partnership to liability under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 and similar state laws. While liability under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 is limited under certain circumstances, the maximum liability under those limits would still likely have a significant adverse effect on the Partnership. The Partnership’s operations generally will be covered by the insurance carried by the General Partner or UNIT, if any. However, there can be no assurance that such insurance coverage will always be in force or that, if in force, it will adequately cover any losses or liability the Partnership may incur.

 

Violation of environmental legislation and regulations may result in the imposition of fines or civil or criminal penalties and, in certain circumstances, the entry of an order for the removal, remediation and abatement of the conditions, or suspension of the activities, giving rise to the violation. The General Partner believes that the Partnership will comply with all orders and regulations applicable to its operations. However, in view of the many uncertainties with respect to the current controls, including their duration and possible modification, the General Partner cannot predict the overall effect of such controls on such operations. Similarly, the General Partner cannot predict what future environmental laws may be enacted or regulations may be promulgated and what, if any, impact they would have on operations or Partnership Revenue.

 

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SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT

 

The business and affairs of the Partnership and the respective rights and obligations of the Partners will be governed by the Agreement. The following is a summary of certain pertinent provisions of the Agreement which have not been as fully discussed elsewhere in this Memorandum but does not purport to be a complete description of all relevant terms and provisions of the Agreement and is qualified in its entirety by express reference to the Agreement. Each prospective subscriber should carefully review the entire Agreement.

 

Partnership Distributions

 

The General Partner will make quarterly determinations of the Partnership’s cash position. If it determines that excess cash is available for distribution, it will be distributed to the Partners in the same proportions that Partnership Revenue has been allocated to them after giving effect to previous distributions and to portions of such revenues theretofore used or expected to be thereafter used to pay costs incurred in conducting Partnership operations or to repay Partnership borrowings. It is expected that no cash distributions will be made earlier than the first quarter of 2006. Distributions of cash determined by the General Partner to be available therefore will be made to the Limited Partners quarterly and to the General Partner at any time. All Partnership funds distributed to the Limited Partners shall be distributed to the persons who were record holders of Units on the day on which the distribution is made. Thus, regardless of when an assignment of Units is made, any distribution with respect to the Units which are assigned will be made entirely to the assignee without regard to the period of time prior to the date of such assignment that the assignee holds the Units.

 

The Partnership will terminate automatically on December 31, 2035 unless prior thereto the General Partner or Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units elect to terminate the Partnership as of an earlier date. Upon termination of the Partnership, the debts, liabilities and obligations of the Partnership will be paid and the Partnership’s oil and gas properties and any tangible equipment, materials or other personal property may be sold for cash. The cash received will be used to make certain adjusting payments to the Partners (see “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Termination”). Any remaining cash and properties will then be distributed to the Partners in proportion to and to the extent of any remaining balances in the Partners’ capital accounts and then in undivided percentage interests to the Partners in the same proportions that Partnership Revenues are being shared at the time of such termination (see “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Termination”).

 

Deposit and Use of Funds

 

Until required in the conduct of the Partnership’s business, Partnership funds, including, but not limited to, the Capital Contributions, Partnership Revenue and proceeds of borrowings by the Partnership, will be deposited, with or without interest, in one or more bank accounts of the Partnership in a bank or banks to be selected by the General Partner or invested in short-term United States government securities, money market funds, bank certificates of deposit or commercial paper rated as “A1” or “P1” as the General Partner, in its sole discretion, deems advisable. Any interest or other income generated by such deposits or investments will be for the Partnership’s account. Except for Capital Contributions, Partnership funds from any of the various sources mentioned above may be commingled with funds of the General Partner and may be used, expended and distributed as authorized by the terms and provisions of the Agreement. The General Partner will be entitled to prompt reimbursement of expenses it incurs on behalf of the Partnership.

 

Power and Authority

 

In managing the business and affairs of the Partnership, the General Partner is authorized to take such action as it considers appropriate and in the best interests of the Partnership (see Section 10.1 of the Agreement). The General Partner is authorized to engage legal counsel and otherwise to act with respect to Service audits, assessments and administrative and judicial proceedings as it deems in the best interests of the Partnership and pursuant to the provisions of the Code.

 

The General Partner is granted a broad power of attorney authorizing it to execute certain documents required in connection with the organization, qualification, continuance, modification and termination of the Partnership on behalf of the Limited Partners (see Sections 1.5 and 1.6 of the Agreement). Certain actions, such

 

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as an assignment for the benefit of its creditors or a sale of substantially all of the Partnership Properties, except in connection with the termination, roll-up or consolidation of the Partnership, cannot be taken by the General Partner without the consent of a majority in interest of the Limited Partners and the receipt of an opinion of Conner & Winters as described under “Assignments by the General Partner” below (see Sections 10.15 and 12.1 of the Agreement).

 

The Agreement provides that the General Partner will either conduct the Partnership’s drilling and production operations and operate each Partnership Well or arrange for a third party operator to conduct such operations. The General Partner will, on behalf of the Partnership, enter into an appropriate operating agreement with the other owners of properties to be developed by the Partnership authorizing either the General Partner or a third party operator to conduct such operations. The Partnership Agreement further provides that the Partnership will take such action in connection with operations pursuant to such operating agreements as the General Partner, in its sole discretion, deems appropriate and in the best interests of the Partnership, and the decision of the General Partner with respect thereto will be binding upon the Partnership.

 

Rollup or Consolidation of the Partnership

 

Two years or more after the Partnership has completed substantially all of its property acquisition, drilling and development operations, the General Partner may, without the vote, consent or approval of the Limited Partners, cause all or substantially all of the oil and gas properties and other assets of the Partnership to be sold, assigned or transferred to, or the Partnership merged or consolidated with, another partnership or a corporation, trust or other entity for the purpose of combining the assets of two or more of the oil and gas partnerships formed for investment or participation by employees, directors and/or consultants of UNIT or any of its subsidiaries; provided, however, that the valuation of the oil and gas properties and other assets of all such participating partnerships for purposes of such transfer or combination shall be made on a consistent basis and in a manner which the General Partner and UNIT believe is fair and equitable to the Limited Partners. As a consequence of any such transfer or combination, the Partnership will be dissolved and terminated and the Limited Partners shall receive partnership interests, stock or other equity interests in the transferee or resulting entity. See “RISK FACTORS — Investment Risks - Roll-Up or Consolidation of the Partnership.”

 

Limited Liability

 

Under the Act, a limited partner is not generally liable for partnership obligations unless he or she takes part in the control of the business. The Agreement provides that the Limited Partners cannot bind or commit the Partnership or take part in the control of its business or management of its affairs, and that the Limited Partners will not be personally liable for any debts or losses of the Partnership. However, the amounts contributed to the Partnership by the Limited Partners and the Limited Partners’ interests in Partnership assets, including amounts of undistributed Partnership Revenue allocable to the Limited Partners, will be subject to the claims of creditors of the Partnership. A Limited Partner (or his or her estate) will be obligated to contribute cash to the Partnership, even if the Limited Partner is unable to do so because of death, disability or any other reason, for:

 

(1) any unpaid contribution which the Limited Partner agreed to make to the Partnership; and

 

(2) any return, in whole or in part, of the Limited Partner’s contribution to the extent necessary to discharge Partnership liabilities to all creditors who extended credit or whose claims arose before such return.

 

Liability of a Limited Partner is limited by the Act to one year for any return of his or her contribution not in violation of the Partnership Agreement or such Act and six years on any return of his or her contribution in violation of the Partnership Agreement or such Act. A partner is deemed to have received a return of his or her contribution to the extent that a distribution to him or her reduces his or her share of the fair value of the net assets of the Partnership below the value of his or her contribution which has not been distributed to him or her. How this provision applies to a partnership whose primary assets are producing oil and gas properties or other depleting assets is not entirely clear. The Agreement provides that for the purposes of this provision, the value of a Limited Partner’s contribution which has not been distributed to him or her at any point in time will be the Limited Partner’s Percentage of the stated capital of the Partnership allocated to the Limited Partners as reflected in its financial statements as of such point in time.

 

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Maintenance of limited liability of the Limited Partners in other jurisdictions in which the Partnership may operate may require compliance with certain legal requirements of those jurisdictions. In such jurisdictions, the General Partner shall cause the Partnership to operate in such a manner as it, on the advice of responsible Conner & Winters, deems appropriate to avoid unlimited liability for the Limited Partners (see Sections 1.5, 12.1 and 12.2 of the Agreement). After the termination of the Partnership, any distribution of Partnership Properties to the Limited Partners would result in their having unlimited liability with respect to such properties.

 

Although the Partnership will, with certain limited exceptions, serve as a co-general partner of any drilling or income programs formed by UNIT or UPC in 2005 (see “PROPOSED ACTIVITIES”), the general liability of the Partnership will not flow through to the Limited Partners.

 

Records, Reports and Returns

 

The General Partner will maintain adequate books, records, accounts and files for the Partnership and keep the Limited Partners informed by means of written interim reports rendered within 60 days after each quarter of the Partnership’s fiscal year. The reports will set forth the source and disposition of Partnership Revenues during the quarter.

 

Engineering reports on the Partnership Properties will be prepared by the General Partner for each year for which the General Partner prepares such a report in connection with its own activities. Such report will include an estimate of the total oil and gas proven reserves of the Partnership, the dollar value thereof and the value of the Limited Partners’ interest in such reserve value. The report shall also contain an estimate of the life of the Partnership Properties and the present worth of the reserves. Each Limited Partner will receive a summary statement of such report which will reflect the value of the Limited Partners’ interest in such reserves.

 

The General Partner will timely file the Partnership’s income tax returns and by March 15 of each year or as soon thereafter as practicable, furnish each person who was a Limited Partner during the prior year all available information necessary for inclusion in his or her federal income tax return. (See Section 8.1 of the Agreement).

 

Transferability of Interests

 

Restrictions . A Limited Partner may not transfer or assign Units except for certain transfers:

 

    to the General Partner;

 

    to or for the benefit of himself or herself, his or her spouse, or other members of the transferor Limited Partner’s immediate family sharing the same residence;

 

    to any corporation or other entity whose beneficial owners are all Limited Partners or permitted assignees;

 

    by the General Partner to any person who at the time of such transfer is an employee of the General Partner, UNIT or its subsidiaries; and

 

    by reason of death or operation of law.

 

Further, no sale or exchange of any Units may be made if the sale of such interest would, in the opinion of counsel for the Partnership, result in a termination of the Partnership for purposes of Section 708 of the Code, violate any applicable securities laws or cause the Partnership to be treated as an association taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes; provided, however, that this condition may be waived by the General Partner, in its sole discretion. Moreover, in no event shall all or any portion of a Limited Partner’s Units be assigned to a minor or an incompetent, except by will, intestate succession, in trust, or pursuant to the Uniform Gifts to Minors Act.

 

As the offer and sale of the Units are not being registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, they may be sold, transferred, assigned or otherwise disposed of by a Limited Partner only if, in the opinion of counsel for the Partnership, such transfer or assignment would not violate, or cause the offering of the Units to be violative of, such act or applicable state securities laws, including investor suitability standards thereunder. Because of the structure and anticipated operation of the Partnership, Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933 will not be available to Limited Partners in connection with any such sales.

 

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Assignees . An assignee of a Limited Partner does not automatically become a Substituted Limited Partner, but has the right to receive the same share of Partnership Revenue and distributions thereof to which the assignor Limited Partner would have been entitled. A Limited Partner who assigns his or her Partnership interest ceases to be a Limited Partner, except that until a Substituted Limited Partner is admitted in his or her place, the assignor retains the statutory rights of an assignor of a Limited Partner’s interest under the partnership laws of the State of Oklahoma. The assignee of a Partnership interest who does not become a Substituted Limited Partner and desires to make a further assignment of such interest is subject to all of the restrictions on transferability of Partnership interests described herein and in the Partnership Agreement.

 

In the event of the death, incapacity or bankruptcy of a Limited Partner, his or her legal representatives will have all the rights of a Limited Partner only for the purpose of settling or liquidating his or her estate and such power as the decedent, incompetent or bankrupt Limited Partner possessed to assign all or any part of his or her interest in the Partnership and to join with such assignee in satisfying conditions precedent to such assignee’s becoming a Substituted Limited Partner.

 

A purported sale, assignment or transfer of a Limited Partner’s interest will be recognized by the Partnership when it has received written notice of such sale or assignment in form satisfactory to the General Partner, signed by both parties, containing the purchaser’s or assignee’s acceptance of the terms of the Agreement and a representation by the parties that the sale or assignment was lawful. Such sale or assignment will be recognized as of the date of such notice, except that if such date is more than 30 days prior to the time of filing, such sale or assignment will be recognized as of the time the notice was filed with the Partnership. Distributions of Partnership Revenue will be made only to those persons who were record owners of Units on the day any such distribution is made.

 

Substituted Limited Partners . No Limited Partner has the right to substitute an assignee as a Limited Partner in his or her place. The General Partner, however, has the right in its sole discretion to permit such assignee to become a Substituted Limited Partner and any such permission by the General Partner is binding and conclusive without the consent or approval of any Limited Partner. Any Substituted Limited Partner must, as a condition to receiving any interest of the Limited Partner, agree in writing to be bound by the terms and conditions of the Partnership Agreement, pay or agree to pay the costs and expenses incurred by the Partnership in taking the actions necessary in connection with his or her substitution as a Limited Partner and satisfy the other conditions specified in Article XIII of the Partnership Agreement.

 

Assignments by the General Partner . The General Partner may not sell, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of its interest in the Partnership except with the prior consent of a majority in interest of the Limited Partners, provided that no such consent is required if the sale, assignment or transfer is pursuant to a bona fide merger, other corporate reorganization or complete liquidation, sale of substantially all of the General Partner’s assets (provided the purchasers agree to assume the duties and obligations of the General Partner) or any sale or transfer to UNIT or any affiliate of UNIT. Any consent of the Limited Partners will not be effective without an opinion of counsel to the Partnership or an order or judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction to the effect that the exercise of such right will not be deemed to evidence that the Limited Partners are taking part in the management of the Partnership’s business and affairs and will not result in a loss of any Limited Partner’s limited liability or cause the Partnership to be classified as an association taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes (see Section 12.1 of the Agreement). Any transferee of the General Partner’s interest may become a substitute General Partner by assuming and agreeing to perform all of the duties and obligations of a General Partner under the Agreement. In such event, the transferring General Partner, upon making a proper accounting to the substitute General Partner, will be relieved of any further duties or obligations with respect to any future Partnership operations.

 

Amendments

 

The Agreement may be amended upon the approval by a majority in interest of the Limited Partners, except that amendments changing the Partners’ participation in costs and revenues, increasing or decreasing the General Partner’s compensation or otherwise materially and adversely affecting the interests of either the Limited

 

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Partners or the General Partner must be approved by all Limited Partners if their interests would be adversely affected thereby or by the General Partner if its interest would be adversely affected thereby. The Limited Partners have no right to propose amendments to the Agreement.

 

Voting Rights

 

Under the Agreement, the Limited Partners will have very limited rights to vote on any Partnership matters. Except for certain special amendments referred to under “Amendments” above, matters submitted to the Limited Partners for determination will be determined by the affirmative vote of Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units. Units held by the General Partner may be voted by it.

 

Generally, Limited Partners owning more than 50% of the outstanding Units of the Partnership may, without the necessity of concurrence by the General Partner, vote to:

 

    Approve the execution or delivery of any assignment for the benefit of the Partnership’s creditors;

 

    Approve the sale or disposal of all or substantially all of the Partnership’s assets, except pursuant to (i) a rollup or consolidation of the Partnership (see “Rollup or Consolidation of the Partnership” above) or (ii) termination (see “Termination” below);

 

    Approve the General Partner’s sale, assignment, transfer or disposal of its interest in the Partnership, unless such sale, assignment or transfer is pursuant to (i) a merger or other corporate reorganization, or liquidation or sale of substantially all of its assets, and the purchaser agrees to assume the duties and obligations of the General Partner, or (ii) any sale to UNIT or its affiliates;

 

    Terminate and dissolve the Partnership; or

 

    Approve any amendments to the Agreement which may be proposed by the General Partner;

 

provided, however, any approvals, consents or elections of the Limited Partners will not become effective unless prior to the exercise thereof the General Partner is furnished with an opinion of counsel for the Partnership, or an order or judgment of any court of competent jurisdiction, that the exercise of such rights:

 

    Will not be deemed to evidence that the Limited Partners are taking part in the control or management of the Partnership’s business affairs;

 

    Will not result in the loss of any Limited Partner’s limited liability under the Act; and

 

    Will not result in the Partnership being classified as an association taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.

 

Exculpation and Indemnification of the General Partner

 

Pursuant to the Agreement, neither the General Partner or any affiliate thereof will have any liability to the Partnership or to any Partners therein for any loss suffered by the Partnership or such Partner that arises out of any action or inaction of the General Partner or any affiliate thereof if the General Partner or affiliate thereof in good faith determined that such course of conduct was in the best interest of the Partnership, the General Partner or affiliate was acting on behalf of or performing services for the Partnership, such liability or loss was not the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct by the General Partner or affiliates thereof, and payments arising from such indemnification or agreement to hold harmless are receivable only out of the tangible net assets of the Partnership.

 

Termination

 

The Partnership will terminate automatically on December 31, 2035. In addition, upon the dissolution (other than pursuant to a merger, or other corporate reorganization or sale), bankruptcy, legal disability or withdrawal of the General Partner, the Partnership shall immediately be dissolved and terminated. The Act provides, however, that the Limited Partners may elect to reform and reconstitute themselves as a limited partnership within 90 days after such dissolution under the provisions in the Partnership Agreement or under any

 

69


other terms. The Partnership may terminate sooner if a majority in interest of the Limited Partners or the General Partner elects to dissolve and terminate the Partnership as of an earlier date. Such right to accelerate termination of the Partnership by the Limited Partners will not be available unless prior to any exercise thereof the Limited Partners proposing such termination obtain and furnish to the General Partner an opinion, order or judgment in the form referred to above under “Transferability of Interests - Assignments by the General Partner.” The withdrawal, expulsion, dissolution, death, legal disability, bankruptcy or insolvency of any Limited Partner will not effect a dissolution or termination of the Partnership. In the event of an election to terminate the Partnership prior to expiration of its stated terms, 90 days’ prior written notice must be given to all Partners specifying the termination date which must be the last day of a calendar month following such 90 day period unless an earlier date is approved by Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units.

 

When the Partnership is terminated, there will be an accounting with respect to its assets, liabilities and accounts. The Partnership’s physical property and its oil and gas properties may be sold for cash. Except in the case of an election by the General Partner to terminate the Partnership before the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date, Partnership Properties may be sold to the General Partner or any of its affiliates for their fair market value as determined in good faith by the General Partner.

 

Upon termination, all of the Partnership’s debts, liabilities and obligations, including expenses incurred in connection with the termination and the sale or distribution of Partnership assets, will be paid. All Partnership borrowings will be paid in full. When the specified payments have all been made, the remaining cash and properties of the Partnership, if any, will be distributed to the Partners as set forth under “Partnership Distributions” above (see Section 16.4 of the Agreement). Such distribution will result in the Limited Partners’ having unlimited liability with respect to any Partnership Properties distributed to them.

 

Insurance

 

The General Partner will use its best efforts to obtain such insurance as it deems prudent to serve as protection against liability for loss and damage. Such insurance may include, but is not limited to, public liability, automotive liability, workers’ compensation and employer’s liability insurance and blowout and control of well insurance.

 

COUNSEL

 

Conner & Winters, P.C., 3700 First Place Tower, Tulsa, Oklahoma, has acted as special counsel to the General Partner in connection with certain aspects of this offering. Conner & Winters has assisted in the preparation of the Agreement and this Memorandum. In connection with the preparation of this Memorandum, Conner & Winters has relied entirely upon information submitted to it by the General Partner. Certain of this information has been verified by Conner & Winters in the course of its representation, but no systematic effort has been made to verify all of the material information contained herein, and much of such information is not subject to independent verification. In addition, Conner & Winters has made no independent investigation of the financial information concerning the General Partner. Further, while passing on certain legal matters, Conner & Winters has not passed on the investment merits nor is it qualified to do so. Because substantial portions of the information contained in this Memorandum have not been independently verified, each investor must make whatever independent inquiries the investor or his or her advisors deem necessary or desirable to verify or confirm the statements made herein.

 

GLOSSARY

 

As used herein and in the Agreement, the following terms and phrases will have the meanings indicated.

 

(a) “Additional Assessments” are amounts required to be contributed by the Limited Partners to the Partnership upon a call therefore by the General Partner in the manner described under “ADDITIONAL FINANCING — Additional Assessments.”

 

(b) An “affiliate” of another person is (1) any person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding with power to vote 10% or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other person; (2) any person

 

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10% or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by such other person; (3) any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with such other person; (4) any officer, director, trustee or partner of such other person; and (5) if such other person is an officer, director, trustee or partner, any company for which such person acts in any such capacity.

 

(c) The “Aggregate Subscription” is the sum of the Capital Subscriptions of all Limited Partners.

 

(d) “Agreement” and “Partnership Agreement” refers to the Agreement of Limited Partnership attached as Exhibit A to this Private Offering Memorandum.

 

(e) The “Capital Contribution” of a Limited Partner is the amount of the Capital Subscription actually paid in by him or her, or by any predecessor in interest, to the capital of the Partnership including any payments made by deductions from salary. The “Capital Contribution” of the General Partner includes the amounts contributed to the Partnership or paid by the General Partner or by any Limited Partner whose Units are purchased by the General Partner pursuant to Section 4.2 of the Agreement because of a default by such Limited Partner in the payment of an Installment or pursuant to Article XV of the Agreement, including payments made by deductions from the salary of such Limited Partner.

 

(f) The “Capital Subscription” of a Limited Partner or his or her assignee (including the General Partner where Units are transferred pursuant to Section 4.2 of the Agreement) is the amount specified in the Subscription Agreement executed by such Limited Partner for payment by him or her to the capital of the Partnership in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement, reduced by the amounts thereof from which the Limited Partners have been released by the General Partner of their obligation to pay.

 

(g) A “Development Well” means a well intended to be drilled within the proved areas of a known oil or gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.

 

(h) “Director” refers to the duly elected directors of UNIT as well as all honorary directors and consultants to the Board of Directors of UNIT.

 

(i) “Drilling Costs” are those costs incurred in drilling, testing, completing and equipping a well to the point that it proves to be dry and is abandoned or is ready to commence commercial production of oil or gas therefrom.

 

(j) “Effective Date” refers to the date on which the certificate evidencing formation of the Partnership is filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Oklahoma as required by the Act (54 Okla. Stat. 2001, Section 309).

 

(k) An “Exploratory Well” means a well drilled to find production in an unproven area, to find a new reservoir in a field previously found to be productive or to extend greatly the limits of a known reservoir.

 

(l) A “farm-out” is an agreement whereby the owner of an oil and gas property agrees to assign such property, usually retaining some interest therein such as an overriding royalty, a production payment, a net profits interest or a carried working interest, subject in most cases, however, to the drilling of one or more wells or other performance by the prospective assignee as a condition of the assignment.

 

(m) The “General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution” is that amount equal to the total of (i) all Partnership costs and expenses charged to its account from the time of the formation of the Partnership through December 31, 2005, plus (ii) the General Partner’s estimate of the total Leasehold Acquisition Costs and Drilling Costs expected to be incurred by the Partnership subsequent to December 31, 2005, if any, minus (iii) the amount, if any, of the unexpended Aggregate Subscription at December 31, 2005.

 

(n) The “General Partner’s Percentage” is that percentage determined by dividing the amount of the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution by the total of (i) the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution plus (ii) the Aggregate Subscription.

 

(o) “Installments” refer to the periodic payments of the Capital Subscription, which are payable either (i) in four equal installments due on March 15, June 15, September 15, 2005 and December 15, 2005, respectively, or (ii) if an employee so elects, through equal deductions from 2005 salary commencing immediately after formation of the Partnership.

 

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(p) “Leasehold Acquisition Costs” with respect to properties, if any, acquired by the Partnership from non-affiliated parties mean the actual costs to the Partnership of and in acquiring the properties, and, with respect to properties acquired by the Partnership from the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates are, without duplication, the sum of:

 

  (1) the prices paid by the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates in acquiring an oil and gas property, including purchase option fees and charges, bonuses and penalties, if any;

 

  (2) title insurance or examination costs, broker’s commissions, filing fees, recording costs, transfer taxes, if any, and like charges incurred in connection with the acquisition of such property;

 

  (3) a pro rata portion of the actual, necessary and reasonable expenses of the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates for seismic and geophysical services;

 

  (4) rentals, shut-in royalties and ad valorem taxes paid by the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates with respect to such property to the date of its transfer to the Partnership;

 

  (5) interest and points actually incurred on funds used by the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates to acquire or maintain such property; and

 

  (6) such portion of the General Partner’s, UNIT or its affiliates’ reasonable, necessary and actual expenses for geological, engineering, drafting, accounting, legal and other like services allocated to the acquisition, operations and maintenance of the property in accordance with generally accepted industry practices, except for expenses in connection with the past drilling of wells which are not producers of sufficient quantities of oil or gas to make commercially reasonable their continued operations, and provided that the costs and expenses enumerated in (4), (5) and (6) above with respect to any particular property shall have been incurred not more than thirty-six (36) months prior to the acquisition of such property by the Partnership.

 

In the event a fractional undivided interest in a property is sold or transferred by the General Partner, UNIT or any affiliate to an unaffiliated third party for an amount in excess of that portion of the original cost of the property attributable to the transferred interest, the amount of such excess shall not reduce or be offset against the amount of the Leasehold Acquisition Costs attributable to any interest in the same property which is transferred to the Partnership.

 

(q) “Limited Partners” are those persons who acquire Units in the Partnership upon its formation and those transferees of Units who are accepted as Substituted Limited Partners. The General Partner may also be a Limited Partner if it subscribes for Units or if it subsequently acquires Units by (i) the exercise by a Limited Partner of his or her right of presentment; (ii) a purchase by the General Partner of the Units of a Limited Partner who defaults in the payment of an Installment; or (iii) any other assignment or transfer.

 

(r) The “Limited Partners’ Percentage” is that percentage determined by dividing the amount of the Aggregate Subscription by the total of (i) the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution plus (ii) the Aggregate Subscription.

 

(s) “Normal Retirement” means retirement under the terms of a pension or similar retirement plan adopted by the General Partner, UNIT or any subsidiary with whom a Limited Partner is employed as in effect at the time of retirement.

 

(t) “Oil and gas properties” are oil and gas leasehold working interests, fee interests, mineral interests, royalty interests, overriding royalty interests, production payments, options or rights to lease or acquire such interests, geophysical exploration permits and any tangible or intangible properties or other rights incident thereto, whether real, personal or mixed.

 

(u) “Operating Expenses” are expenditures made and costs incurred in producing and marketing oil or gas from completed wells, including, in addition to labor, fuel, repairs, hauling, material, supplies, utility

 

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charges and other costs incident to or necessary for the maintenance or operation of such wells or the marketing of production therefrom, ad valorem, severance and other such taxes (other than windfall profit taxes), insurance and casualty loss expense and compensation to well operators or others for services rendered in conducting such operations.

 

(v) The General Partner and the Limited Partners are sometimes collectively referred to as the “Partners .”

 

(w) “Partnership Agreement” and “Agreement” refer to the Agreement of Limited Partnership attached as Exhibit A to this Private Offering Memorandum.

 

(x) The “Partnership Properties” are oil and gas properties or interests therein acquired by the Partnership or properties acquired by any partnership or joint venture in which the Partnership is a partner or joint venturer, whether acquired by purchase, option exercise or otherwise.

 

(y) “Partnership Revenue” refers to the Partnership’s gross revenues from all sources, including interest income, proceeds from sales of production, the Partnership’s share of revenues from partnerships or joint ventures of which it is a member, sales or other dispositions of Partnership Properties or other Partnership assets, provided that contributions to Partnership capital by the Partners and the proceeds of any Partnership borrowings are specifically excluded and dry-hole and bottom-hole contributions shall be treated as reductions of the costs giving rise to the right to receive such contributions.

 

(z) “Partnership Wells” are any and all of the oil and gas wells in which the Partnership has an interest, either directly or indirectly through any other partnership or joint venture.

 

(aa) “Productive properties” are oil and gas properties that have been tested by drilling and determined to be capable of producing oil or gas in commercial quantities.

 

(bb) A “spacing unit” is a drilling and spacing, production or similar unit established by any regulatory body with jurisdiction, or in the absence of such a regulatory body or action thereby, the acreage attributable to wells drilled under the normal spacing pattern in such area or if no such spacing unit is designated, in keeping with generally accepted industry practices, or the largest of such units in the event of multiple objective formations.

 

(cc) “Special Production and Marketing Costs” are costs and expenses that are not normally and customarily incurred in connection with drilling, producing and marketing operations, including without limitation, costs incurred in constructing compressor plants, gasoline plants, gas gathering systems, natural gas processing plants, pipeline systems and salt water disposal systems and costs incurred in installing pressure maintenance and secondary or tertiary production projects.

 

(dd) “Subscription Agreement” refers to the form of Limited Partner Subscription Agreement and Suitability Statement attached as Attachment I to the Partnership Agreement.

 

(ee) A “Substituted Limited Partner” is a transferee, donee, heir, legatee or other recipient of all or any portion of a Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership with respect to whom all conditions and consents required to become a Substituted Limited Partner under Article XIII of the Partnership Agreement have been satisfied and given.

 

(ff) A “Unit” is a preformation unit of limited partnership interest of a Limited Partner in the Partnership representing a Capital Subscription of One Thousand Dollars ($1,000).

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

On January 1, 1988 all of the oil and natural gas properties previously owned by Unit Drilling and Exploration Company ( “UDEC” ) and UNIT were transferred into Sunshine Development Company through a contribution of capital. Included in the transfer were all interests previously owned by UDEC in numerous General and Limited Partnerships sponsored by UDEC. Effective February 1, 1988, Sunshine Development Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of UDEC, pursuant to an “Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation” was renamed Unit Petroleum Company and became a wholly owned subsidiary of UNIT.

 

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Unit Petroleum Company functions as the operating entity for all oil and natural gas exploration and production activities including operating any partnerships for UNIT.

 

The consolidated balance sheet of Unit Petroleum Company at October 31, 2004 is unaudited and includes all adjustments which UNIT considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position of Unit Petroleum Company at October 31, 2004.

 

Unit Petroleum Company

Consolidated Balance Sheet

(In Thousands)

 

     October 31, 2004
(Unaudited)


Assets

      

Current Assets:

      

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 563

Trade accounts receivable

     22,175

Materials and supplies, at lower of cost or market

     7,339

Other

     370
    

Total current assets

     30,447
    

Property and Equipment:

      

Oil and natural gas properties, on the full cost method

     622,260

Other

     424
    

       622,684

Less accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment

     272,410
    

Net property and equipment

     350,274
    

Other Assets

     43
    

Total Assets

   $ 380,764
    

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

      

Current Liabilities:

      
        

Current portion of long-term liabilities

     226

Accounts payable

     10,199

Accounts payable to parent

     10,782

Contract advances

     1,208

Accrued liabilities

     1,735
    

Total current liabilities

     24,150
    

Other Long-Term Liabilities

     14,082
    

Deferred Income Taxes

     94,419
    

Shareholders’ Equity:

      

Common stock, $1.00 par value, 500 shares authorized and outstanding

     1

Capital in excess of par value

     31,543

Retained earnings

     216,569
    

Total shareholders’ Equity

     248,113
    

Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

   $ 380,764
    

 

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EXHIBIT A

 

UNIT 2005 EMPLOYEE OIL AND GAS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

 

AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

 

A-1


INDEX

 

ARTICLE I Formation of Limited Partnership

   3

ARTICLE II Definitions

   4

ARTICLE III Purposes and Powers of the Partnership

   7

ARTICLE IV Partner Capital Contributions

   8

ARTICLE V Deposit and Use of Capital Contributions and Other Partnership Funds

   10

ARTICLE VI Sharing of Costs, Capital Accounts and Allocation of Charges and Income

   11

ARTICLE VII Fiscal Year, Accountings and Reports

   15

ARTICLE VIII Tax Returns and Elections

   15

ARTICLE IX Distributions

   16

ARTICLE X Rights, Duties and Obligations of the General Partner

   16

ARTICLE XI Compensation and Reimbursements

   20

ARTICLE XII Rights and Obligations of Limited Partners

   21

ARTICLE XIII Transferability of Limited Partner’s Interest

   21

ARTICLE XIV Assignments by the General Partner

   23

ARTICLE XV Limited Partners’ Right of Presentment

   24

ARTICLE XVI Termination and Dissolution of Partnership

   25

ARTICLE XVII Notices

   27

ARTICLE XVIII Amendments

   27

ARTICLE XIX General Provisions

   27

ATTACHMENT I

   Limited Partner Subscription Agreement and Suitability Statement    I-1

 

 

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UNIT 2005 EMPLOYEE OIL AND GAS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

 

THIS AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP (this “Agreement” ) is made and entered into by and among Unit Petroleum Company, an Oklahoma corporation, hereinafter referred to as the “General Partner” or “UPC” (which term shall include any successors or assigns of UPC), and each of those persons who have executed a counterpart of the Limited Partner Subscription Agreement and Suitability Statement attached as Attachment I to this Agreement that have been accepted by the General Partner, said persons being hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Limited Partners.”

 

WITNESSETH THAT:

 

ARTICLE I

Formation of Limited Partnership

 

1.1 The parties to this Agreement hereby form a Limited Partnership (the “Partnership” ) pursuant to the Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act of the State of Oklahoma (the “Act” ). The terms and provisions hereof will be construed and interpreted in accordance with the terms and provisions of the Act and if any of the terms and provisions of this Agreement should be deemed inconsistent with those terms and provisions of the Act which under the Act may not be altered by agreement of the parties, the Act will be controlling, but otherwise this Agreement will be controlling.

 

1.2 The Partnership will be conducted under the name of “Unit 2005 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership” in Oklahoma, and under such name or variations of such name as the General Partner deems appropriate to comply with the laws of the other jurisdictions in which the Partnership does business.

 

1.3 The principal office of the Partnership will be 7130 South Lewis, Suite 1000, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136, or at such other location as may from time to time be designated by the General Partner, and the Partnership’s agent for service of process shall be Unit Corporation ( “UNIT,” which term shall include all or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates unless the context otherwise requires) at the same address.

 

1.4 The Partnership will be effective on the date on which the certificate evidencing formation of the Partnership is filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Oklahoma. Its business and operations will not be commenced prior to such date. The Partnership will continue in existence until December 31, 2035, unless sooner terminated pursuant to any provisions of this Agreement.

 

1.5 The parties hereto will execute such certificates and other documents, and the General Partner will file, record and publish such certificates and documents, as may be necessary or appropriate to comply with the requirements for the formation and operation of a limited partnership under the Act and as the General Partner, upon advice of counsel, deems necessary or appropriate to comply with requirements of applicable laws governing the formation and operations of a limited partnership (or a partnership in which special partners have a limited liability) in all other jurisdictions where the Partnership desires to conduct business, including, but not limited to, filings under the Fictitious Name Act, Assumed Name Act or similar law in effect in the counties, parishes and other governmental jurisdictions in which the Partnership conducts business. The General Partner shall not be required to deliver or mail a copy of the certificate of limited partnership or any amendments thereto filed pursuant to the Act to the Limited Partners.

 

1.6 Each Limited Partner by his or her execution of a counterpart of the Subscription Agreement irrevocably constitutes and appoints the General Partner such Limited Partner’s true and lawful attorney and agent, with full power and authority in such Limited Partner’s name, place and stead, to execute, sign, acknowledge, swear to, deliver, file and record in the appropriate public offices (i) all certificates or other instruments (including, without limitation, counterparts of this Agreement) and

 

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amendments thereto which the General Partner deems appropriate to qualify or continue the Partnership as a limited partnership (or a partnership in which special partners have limited liability) in the jurisdictions in which the Partnership conducts business; (ii) all instruments and amendments thereto which the General Partner deems appropriate to reflect any change or modification of this Agreement, the admission of additional or substitute Partners in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the release or waiver of the Limited Partners from the obligation to pay in one or more of the installments of their Capital Subscriptions pursuant to Section 4.2 below and the termination of the Partnership and the cancellation of the certificate of limited partnership; (iii) all conveyances and other instruments which the General Partner deems appropriate to evidence and reflect any sales or transfers, including sales or transfers upon or in connection with the dissolution and termination of the Partnership; and (iv) all consents to transfers of Partnership interests, to the admission of substitute or additional Partners or to the withdrawal or reduction of any Partner’s invested capital, to the extent that such actions are authorized by the terms of this Agreement. The Power of Attorney granted herein is irrevocable and is a power coupled with an interest and will survive the death, disability, dissolution, bankruptcy, insolvency or incapacity of a Limited Partner.

 

ARTICLE II

Definitions

 

2.1 Whenever used in this Agreement the following terms will have the meanings described below:

 

(a) The “Additional Assessments” of the Limited Partners are those amounts, if any, which they are required to pay into the capital of the Partnership pursuant to Section 5.3 of this Agreement.

 

(b) An “affiliate” of another person is (1) any person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding with power to vote 10% or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other person; (2) any person 10% or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by such other person; (3) any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with such other person; (4) any officer, director, trustee or partner of such other person; and (5) if such other person is an officer, director, trustee or partner, any company for which such person acts in any such capacity.

 

(c) The “Aggregate Subscription” is the sum of the Capital Subscriptions of all Limited Partners.

 

(d) The “Capital Contribution” of a Limited Partner is the amount of the Capital Subscription actually paid in by him or her, or by any predecessor in interest, to the capital of the Partnership, including any payments made by deductions from salary. The “Capital Contribution” of the General Partner includes the amounts contributed to the Partnership or paid by the General Partner or by any Limited Partner whose Units are purchased by the General Partner including purchases pursuant to Section 4.2 of this Agreement because of a default by such Limited Partner in the payment of a subscription installment or pursuant to Article XV of this Agreement, including payments made by deductions from the salary of such Limited Partner.

 

(e) The “Capital Subscription” of a Limited Partner or his or her assignee (including the General Partner where Units are transferred pursuant to Section 4.2 of this Agreement) is the amount specified in the Subscription Agreement executed by such Limited Partner for payment by him or her to the capital of the Partnership in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, reduced by the amount thereof from which the Limited Partner has been released by the General Partner of his or her obligation to pay pursuant to Section 4.2 hereof.

 

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(f) “Drilling Costs” are those costs incurred in drilling, testing, completing and equipping a Partnership Well to the point that it proves to be dry and is abandoned or is ready to commence commercial production of oil or gas therefrom.

 

(g) “Effective Date” refers to the date on which the certificate evidencing formation of the Partnership is filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Oklahoma as required by the Act (54 Okla. Stat. 2001, Section 309).

 

(h) A “farm-out” is an agreement whereby the owner of an oil and gas property agrees to assign such property, usually retaining some interest therein such as an overriding royalty, a production payment, a net profits interest or a carried working interest, subject in most cases, however, to the drilling of one or more wells or other performance by the prospective assignee as a condition of the assignment.

 

(i) The “General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution” is that amount equal to the total of (i) all Partnership costs and expenses charged to its account from the time of the formation of the Partnership through December 31, 2005, plus (ii) the General Partner’s estimate of the total Leasehold Acquisition Costs and Drilling Costs expected to be incurred by the Partnership subsequent to December 31, 2005, minus (iii) the amount, if any, of the unexpended Aggregate Subscription at December 31, 2005.

 

(j) The “General Partner’s Percentage” is that percentage determined by dividing the amount of the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution by the total of (i) the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution plus (ii) the Aggregate Subscription.

 

(k) “Leasehold Acquisition Costs” with respect to properties, if any, acquired by the Partnership from non-affiliated parties mean the actual costs to the Partnership of and in acquiring the properties, and, with respect to properties acquired by the Partnership from the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates, are, without duplication, the sum of: (1) the prices paid by the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates in acquiring an oil and gas property, including purchase option fees and charges, bonuses and penalties, if any; (2) title insurance or examination costs, broker’s commissions, filing fees, recording costs, transfer taxes, if any, and like charges incurred in connection with the acquisition of such property; (3) a pro rata portion of the actual, necessary and reasonable expenses of the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates for seismic and geophysical services; (4) rentals, shut-in royalties and ad valorem taxes paid by the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates with respect to such property to the date of its transfer to the Partnership; (5) interest and points actually incurred on funds used by the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates to acquire or maintain such property; and (6) such portion of the General Partner’s, UNIT’s or its affiliates’ reasonable, necessary and actual expenses for geological, engineering, drafting, accounting, legal and other like services allocated to the acquisition, operations and maintenance of the property in accordance with generally accepted industry practices, except for expenses in connection with the past drilling of wells which are not producers of sufficient quantities of oil or gas to make commercially reasonable their continued operations, and provided that the costs and expenses enumerated in (4), (5) and (6) above with respect to any particular property shall have been incurred not more than thirty-six (36) months prior to the acquisition of such property by the Partnership. In the event a fractional undivided interest in a property is sold or transferred by the General Partner, UNIT or any affiliate to an unaffiliated third party for an amount in excess of that portion of the original cost of the property attributable to the transferred interest, the amount of such excess shall not reduce or be offset against the amount of the Leasehold Acquisition Costs attributable to any interest in the same property which is transferred to the Partnership.

 

(l) “Limited Partners” are those persons who acquire Units in the Partnership upon its formation and those transferees of Units who are accepted as Substituted Limited Partners. The General Partner may also be a Limited Partner if it subscribes for Units or if it subsequently acquires Units by (i) the exercise by a Limited Partner of his or her right of presentment; (ii) a purchase by the General Partner of the Units of a Limited Partner who defaults in the payment of any subscription installment; or (iii) any other assignment or transfer.

 

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(m) The “Limited Partners’ Percentage” is that percentage determined by dividing the amount of the Aggregate Subscription by the total of (i) the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution plus (ii) the Aggregate Subscription.

 

(n) “Normal Retirement” means retirement under the provision of a pension or similar retirement plan adopted by the General Partner, UNIT or any subsidiary with whom a Limited Partner is employed as in effect at the time of the employee’s retirement.

 

(o) “Oil and gas properties” are oil and gas leasehold working interests, fee interests, mineral interests, royalty interests, overriding royalty interests, production payments, options or rights to lease or acquire such interests, geophysical exploration permits and any tangible or intangible properties or other rights incident thereto, whether real, personal or mixed.

 

(p) “Operating Expenses” are expenditures made and costs incurred in producing and marketing oil or gas from completed wells, including, in addition to labor, fuel, repairs, hauling, material, supplies, utility charges and other costs incident to or necessary for the maintenance or operation of such wells or the marketing of production therefrom, ad valorem, severance and other such taxes (other than windfall profit taxes), insurance and casualty loss expense and compensation to well operators or others for services rendered in conducting such operations.

 

(q) The General Partner and the Limited Partners are sometimes collectively referred to as the “Partners.”

 

(r) The “Partnership Properties” are oil and gas properties or interests therein acquired by the Partnership or properties acquired by any partnership or joint venture in which the Partnership is a partner or joint venturer, whether acquired by purchase, option exercise or otherwise.

 

(s) “Partnership Revenue” refers to the Partnership’s gross revenues from all sources, including interest income, proceeds from sales of production, the Partnership’s share of revenues from partnerships or joint ventures of which it is a member, sales or other dispositions of Partnership Properties or other Partnership assets, provided that contributions to Partnership capital by the Partners and the proceeds of any Partnership borrowings are specifically excluded and dry-hole and bottom-hole contributions shall be treated as reductions of the costs giving rise to the right to receive such contributions.

 

(t) “Partnership Wells” are any and all of the oil and gas wells in which the Partnership has an interest, either directly or indirectly through any other partnership or joint venture.

 

(u) “Productive properties” are oil and gas properties that have been tested by drilling and determined to be capable of producing oil or gas in commercial quantities.

 

(v) “Special Production and Marketing Costs” are costs and expenses that are not normally and customarily incurred in connection with drilling, producing and marketing operations, including without limitation, costs incurred in constructing compressor plants, gasoline plants, gas gathering systems, natural gas processing plants, pipeline systems and salt water disposal systems and costs incurred in installing pressure maintenance and secondary or tertiary production projects.

 

(w) “Subscription Agreement” refers to the form of Limited Partner Subscription Agreement and Suitability Statement attached as Attachment I to this Agreement.

 

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(x) A “Substituted Limited Partner” is a transferee, donee, heir, legatee or other recipient of all or any portion of a Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership with respect to whom all conditions and consents required to become a Substituted Limited Partner under Article XIII have been satisfied and given.

 

(y) A “Unit” is a preformation unit of limited partnership interest of a Limited Partner in the Partnership representing a Capital Subscription of One Thousand Dollars ($1,000).

 

ARTICLE III

Purposes and Powers of the Partnership

 

3.1 The purposes of the Partnership will be to acquire productive oil and gas properties and to explore for, produce, treat, transport and market oil, gas or both, or products derived therefrom, anywhere in the United States. It is contemplated that all or most of the Partnership’s operations will be conducted as part of the operations of the General Partner and its affiliates, but the Partnership may engage in operations on its own or in conjunction with unaffiliated third parties. In accomplishing such purposes the Partnership may:

 

(a) acquire oil and gas properties, either alone or in conjunction with other parties;

 

(b) conduct geological and geophysical investigations, including, without limitation, seismic exploration, core drilling and other means and methods of exploration;

 

(c) drill, equip, complete, rework, reequip, recomplete, plug back, deepen, plug and abandon Partnership Wells as the General Partner deems advisable;

 

(d) acquire and dispose of tangible lease and well equipment for use or used in connection with Partnership Wells;

 

(e) employ or retain such personnel and obtain such legal, accounting, geological, geophysical, engineering and other professional services and advice as the General Partner may deem advisable in the course of the Partnership’s operations under this Agreement;

 

(f) either pay or elect not to pay delay rentals or shut-in royalties on Partnership Properties as appropriate in the judgment of the General Partner, it being understood that the General Partner will not be liable for failure to make correct or timely payments of delay rentals or shut-in royalties if such failure was due to any reason other than gross negligence or lack of good faith;

 

(g) make or give dry-hole or bottom-hole or other contributions of oil and gas properties, money or both, to encourage drilling by others in the vicinity of or on Partnership Properties;

 

(h) negotiate for and accept dry-hole, bottom-hole or other contributions of oil and gas properties, cash or both, as consideration for the drilling of a Partnership Well, with oil and gas properties so acquired, if any, to become Partnership Properties;

 

(i) pay all ad valorem taxes levied or assessed against the Partnership Properties, all taxes upon or measured by the production of oil or gas or other hydrocarbons therefrom, and all other taxes (other than income taxes) directly relating to operations conducted under this Agreement;

 

(j) enter into and operate pursuant to operating agreements with respect to Partnership Properties naming either the General Partner, any of its affiliates or a third party as operator, or enter into partnership agreements with third parties whereby the Partnership may be either a general or a limited partner (including any partnerships formed or sponsored by the General Partner or in which the General Partner may also be a partner), which operating or partnership agreements shall contain such terms, provisions and conditions as the General Partner deems appropriate;

 

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(k) execute all documents or instruments of any kind which the General Partner deems appropriate for carrying out the purposes of the Partnership, including, without limitation, unitization agreements, gasoline plant contracts, recycling agreements and agreements relating to pressure maintenance and secondary or tertiary production projects;

 

(l) purchase and establish inventories of equipment and material required or expected to be required in connection with its operations;

 

(m) contract or enter into agreements with unaffiliated third parties, the General Partner or its affiliates for the performance of services and the purchase and sale of material, equipment, supplies and property, both real and personal, provided, however, that any such contracts or agreements with the General Partner or any of its affiliates shall, except as otherwise provided herein, provide for prices, fees, rates, charges or other compensation which are not greater than those available from, being paid to or charged by unaffiliated third parties dealing at arm’s length in the same or a similar geographic area for the same or comparable services, material, equipment, supplies or property;

 

(n) conduct operations either alone or as a joint venturer, co-tenant, partner or in any other manner of participation with third persons and to enter into agreements and contracts setting forth the terms and provisions of such participation;

 

(o) borrow money from banks and other lending institutions for Partnership purposes and pledge Partnership Properties (including production therefrom) for the repayment of such loans, it being understood that no bank or other lending institution to which the General Partner makes application for a loan will be required to inquire as to the purposes for which such loan is sought, and as between the Partnership and such bank or lending institution it will be conclusively presumed that the proceeds of such loan are to be and will be used for purposes authorized under the terms of this Agreement;

 

(p) hold Partnership Properties in its own name or in the name of the General Partner, UNIT or any affiliate or any other party as nominee for the Partnership;

 

(q) sell, relinquish, release, farm-out, abandon or otherwise dispose of Partnership Properties, including undeveloped, productive and condemned properties;

 

(r) produce, treat, transport and market oil and gas and execute division orders, contracts for the marketing or sale of oil, gas or other hydrocarbons and other marketing agreements;

 

(s) purchase, sell or pledge payments out of production from Partnership Properties; and

 

(t) perform any and all other acts or activities customary or incident to exploration for or development, production and marketing of oil and gas.

 

ARTICLE IV

Partner Capital Contributions

 

4.1 The General Partner will have the unrestricted right to admit such parties as Limited Partners as it deems advisable. By their execution of the Subscription Agreement, the Limited Partners severally agree, subject to the acceptance of their subscription by the General Partner, to be bound by the terms hereof as Limited Partners.

 

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4.2 The Capital Subscriptions of the Limited Partners will be payable either (i) in four equal installments on March 15, 2005, June 15, 2005, September 15, 2005, and December 15, 2005, respectively, or (ii) by employees so electing, through equal deductions from 2005 salary paid to the employee by the General Partner, UNIT or its subsidiaries commencing immediately after the Effective Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if in the judgment of the General Partner, the entire amount of the Aggregate Subscription is not required for purposes of conducting the business, operations and affairs of the Partnership, the General Partner may, at its sole option, elect to release the Limited Partners from the obligation to pay in one or more of the installments of their Capital Subscriptions. If Units are acquired by a corporation or other entity, the beneficial owners of the interests therein shall be jointly and severally liable for the payment of the Capital Subscription. If an employee or director who has subscribed for Units (either directly or through a corporation or other entity) ceases to be employed by or a director of the General Partner, UNIT or any of its subsidiaries for any reason other than death, disability or Normal Retirement prior to the time the full amount of his or her Capital Subscription is paid, then the due date for any unpaid amount shall be accelerated so that the full amount of his or her unpaid Capital Subscription shall be due and payable on the effective date of such termination. The Capital Subscriptions shall be legally binding obligations of the Limited Partners and any past due amounts shall bear interest at the annual rate equal to two (2) percentage points in excess of the prime rate of interest of Bank of Oklahoma, N.A., Tulsa, Oklahoma, or successor bank, as announced and in effect from time to time, until paid. Further, in the event a Limited Partner fails to pay any installment when due, the General Partner, at its sole option and discretion, may elect to purchase the Units of such defaulting Limited Partner at a price equal to the total amount of the Capital Contributions actually paid into the Partnership by such defaulting Limited Partner, less the amount of any Partnership distributions that may have been received by him or her. Such option may be exercised by the General Partner by written notice to the Limited Partner at any time after the date that the unpaid installment was due and shall be deemed exercised when the amount of the purchase price is first tendered to the defaulting Limited Partner. The General Partner may, in its discretion, accept payments of delinquent installments but shall not be required to do so. In the event that the General Partner elects to purchase the Units of a defaulting Limited Partner, it shall pay into the Partnership the amount of the delinquent installment (excluding any interest that may have accrued thereon) and shall pay each additional installment, if any, payable with respect to such Units as it becomes due. By virtue of such purchase, the General Partner shall be allocated all Partnership Revenues and be charged with all Partnership costs and expenses attributable to such Units otherwise allocable or chargeable to the defaulting Limited Partner to the extent provided in Section 13.9.

 

4.3 If the Partnership requires funds to conduct Partnership operations during the period between any of the installments due as set forth in Section 4.2 above, then, notwithstanding the provisions of Section 5.4 below, the General Partner shall advance funds to the Partnership in an amount equal to the funds then required to conduct such operations but in no event more than the total amount of the Aggregate Subscription remaining unpaid. With respect to any such advances, the General Partner shall receive no interest thereon and no financing charges will be levied by the General Partner in connection therewith. The General Partner shall be repaid out of the Capital Subscription installments thereafter paid into the capital of the Partnership when due.

 

4.4 Additional Assessments required by the General Partner pursuant to Section 5.3 of this Agreement will be payable in cash on such date as the General Partner may set in its written notice, but in no event will such assessments be due earlier than thirty (30) days after the date of mailing of the notice. Notice of the General Partner’s call for Additional Assessments shall specify the amount required, the manner in which the additional funds will be expended, the date on which such amounts are payable, and the consequences of non-payment. The General Partner will not be required to accept late payments of such amounts, but it may in its discretion do so.

 

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4.5 The General Partner will contribute to the capital of the Partnership amounts equal to the total of all costs paid by the Partnership that are charged to the General Partner’s account as such costs are incurred.

 

ARTICLE V

Deposit and Use of Capital Contributions and

Other Partnership Funds

 

5.1 Until required in the conduct of the Partnership’s business, Partnership funds, including, but not limited to, Capital Contributions, Partnership Revenue and proceeds of borrowings by the Partnership, will be deposited, with or without interest, in one or more bank accounts of the Partnership in a bank or banks selected by the General Partner or invested in short-term United States government securities, money market funds, bank certificates of deposit or commercial paper rated as “A1” or “P1” as the General Partner, in its sole discretion, deems advisable. Any interest or other income generated by such deposits or investments will be for the Partnership’s account. Except for Capital Contributions, Partnership funds from any of the various sources mentioned above may be commingled with other Partnership funds and with the funds of the General Partner and may be withdrawn, expended and distributed as authorized by the terms and provisions of this Agreement.

 

5.2 The Capital Contributions of the Limited Partners will be expended for costs incurred by the Partnership that, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, are properly chargeable to the Limited Partners’ accounts.

 

5.3 After the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended, if the Aggregate Subscription has all been fully expended or committed and additional funds are required in order to pay Drilling Costs, Special Production and Marketing Costs or Leasehold Acquisition Costs of productive properties which are chargeable to the Limited Partners, the General Partner may, but shall not be required to, make one or more calls for Additional Assessments from Limited Partners pursuant to Section 4.4; provided, however, that the aggregate amount of Additional Assessments called of the Limited Partners may not exceed $100 per Unit. The Limited Partners who do not respond will participate in production, if any, obtained from the aggregate Additional Assessments paid into the Partnership. However, the amount of the unpaid Additional Assessment shall bear interest at the annual rate equal to two (2) percentage points in excess of the prime rate of interest of Bank of Oklahoma, N.A., Tulsa, Oklahoma, or successor bank, as announced and in effect from time to time, until paid. The Partnership will have a lien on the defaulting Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership and the General Partner may apply Partnership Revenue otherwise available for distribution to the defaulting Limited Partner until an amount equal to the unpaid Additional Assessment and interest is received. Furthermore, the General Partner may satisfy such lien by proceeding with legal action to enforce the lien and the defaulting Limited Partner shall pay all expenses of collection, including interest, court costs and a reasonable attorney’s fee.

 

5.4 After the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended, the General Partner may cause the Partnership to borrow funds for the purpose of paying Drilling Costs, Special Production and Marketing Costs or Leasehold Acquisition Costs of productive properties, which borrowings may be secured by interests in the Partnership Properties and will be repaid, including interest accruing thereon, out of Partnership Revenue allocable to the accounts of the Partners on whose behalf the proceeds of such borrowings are expended. The General Partner may, but is not required to, advance funds to the Partnership for the same purposes for which Partnership borrowings are authorized by this Section 5.4. With respect to any such advances, the General Partner shall receive interest in an amount equal to the lesser of the interest which would be charged to the Partnership by unrelated banks on comparable loans for the same purpose or the General Partner’s interest cost with respect to such loan, where it borrows the same. No financing charges will be levied by the General Partner in connection with any such loan. If Partnership borrowings secured by interests in the Partnership Properties and repayable

 

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out of Partnership Revenue cannot be arranged on a basis which, in the opinion of the General Partner, is fair and reasonable, and the entire sum required to pay costs of the type referred to above is not available from Partnership Revenue, the Partnership may elect not to drill or participate in the drilling of a well or the General Partner may dispose of the Partnership Properties upon which such operations were to be conducted by sale (subject to any other applicable provisions of this Agreement), farm-out or abandonment.

 

5.5 The General Partner may utilize Partnership Revenue allocable to the respective accounts of the Partners to pay any Partnership costs and expenses properly chargeable to the accounts of such Partners.

 

5.6 With respect to any Partnership activity and subject to the restrictions set forth in Sections 5.3 and 5.4 above, it shall be in the sole discretion of the General Partner whether to call for Additional Assessments, arrange for borrowings on behalf of the Partners, utilize Partnership Revenue or sell (subject to any other applicable provisions of this Agreement), farm-out or abandon Partnership Properties.

 

5.7 The Partnership Properties and production therefrom may be pledged, mortgaged or otherwise encumbered as security for borrowings by the Partnership authorized by Section 5.4 above, provided that the holder of indebtedness arising by virtue of such borrowings may not have or acquire, at any time as a result of making any such loans, any direct or indirect interest in the profits, capital or property of the Partnership other than as a secured creditor.

 

ARTICLE VI

Sharing of Costs, Capital Accounts and

Allocation of Charges and Income

 

6.1 All costs of organizing the Partnership and offering Units therein will be paid by the General Partner. All costs incurred in the offering and syndication of any drilling or income program formed by UPC or UNIT and its affiliates during 2005 in which the Partnership participates as a co-general partner will also be paid by the General Partner.

 

6.2 All other Partnership costs and expenses will be charged 99% to the accounts of the Limited Partners and 1% to the account of the General Partner until such time as the Aggregate Subscription has been fully expended. Thereafter and until the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended, all of such costs and expenses will be charged to the General Partner. After the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended, such costs and expenses will be charged to the respective accounts of the General Partner and the Limited Partners on the basis of their respective Percentages.

 

6.3 All Partnership Revenues will be allocated between the General Partner and the Limited Partners on the basis of their respective Percentages.

 

6.4 Partnership costs, expenses and Revenues which are charged and allocated to the Limited Partners shall be charged and allocated to their respective accounts in the proportion the Units of each Limited Partner bear to the total number of outstanding Units.

 

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6.5 Capital accounts shall be established and maintained for each Partner in accordance with tax accounting principles and with valid regulations issued by the U.S. Treasury Department under subsection 704(b) (the “704 Regulations”) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). To the extent that tax accounting principles and the 704 Regulations may conflict, the latter shall control. In connection with the establishment and maintenance of such capital accounts, the following provisions shall apply:

 

(a) Each Partner’s capital account shall be (i) increased by the amount of money contributed by him or her to the Partnership, the fair market value of property contributed by him or her to the Partnership (net of liabilities securing such contributed property that the Partnership is considered to assume or take subject to under section 752 of the Code) and allocations to him or her of Partnership income and gain (except to the extent such income or gain has previously been reflected in his or her capital account by adjustments thereto) and (ii) decreased by the amount of money distributed to him or her by the Partnership, the fair market value of property distributed to him or her by the Partnership (net of liabilities securing such distributed property that such Partner is considered to assume or take subject to under section 752 of the Code) and allocations to him or her of Partnership loss, deduction (except to the extent such loss or deduction has previously been reflected in his or her capital account by adjustments thereto) and expenditures described in section 705(a)(2)(B) of the Code.

 

(b) In the event Partnership Property is distributed to a Partner, then, before the capital account of such Partner is adjusted as required by subsection (a) of this Section 6.5, the capital accounts of the Partners shall be adjusted to reflect the manner in which the unrealized income, gain, loss and deduction inherent in such property (that has not been reflected in such capital accounts previously) would be allocated among the Partners if there were a taxable disposition of such property for its fair market value on the date of distribution.

 

(c) If, pursuant to this Agreement, Partnership Property is reflected on the books of the Partnership at a book value that differs from the adjusted tax basis of such property, then the Partners’ capital accounts shall be adjusted in accordance with the 704 Regulations for allocations to the Partners of depreciation, depletion, amortization, and gain or loss, as computed for book purposes, with respect to such property.

 

(d) The Partners’ capital accounts shall be adjusted for depletion and gain or loss with respect to the Partnership’s oil or gas properties in whichever of the following manners the General Partner determines is in the best interests of the Partners:

 

(i) the Partners’ capital accounts shall be reduced by a simulated depletion allowance computed on each oil or gas property using either the cost depletion method or the percentage depletion method (without regard to the limitations under the Code which could apply to less than all Partners); provided, however, that the choice between the cost depletion method and the simulated depletion method shall be made on a property-by-property basis in the first taxable year of the Partnership for which such choice is relevant for an oil or gas property, and such choice shall be binding for all Partnership taxable years during which such oil or gas property is held by the Partnership. Such reductions for depletion shall not exceed the aggregate adjusted basis allocated to the Partners with respect to such oil or gas property. Such reductions for depletion shall be allocated among the Partners’ capital accounts in the same proportions as the adjusted basis in the particular property is allocated to each Partner. Upon the taxable disposition of an oil or gas property by the Partnership, the Partnership’s simulated gain or loss shall be determined by subtracting its simulated adjusted basis (aggregate adjusted tax basis of the Partners less simulated depletion allowances) in such property from the amount realized on such disposition and the Partners’ capital accounts shall be increased or reduced, as the case may be, by the amount of the simulated gain or loss on such disposition in proportion to the Partners’ allocable shares of the total amount realized on such disposition, or

 

(ii) the Partnership shall reduce the capital account of each Partner in an amount equal to such Partner’s depletion allowance with respect to each oil or gas property of the Partnership (for the Partner’s taxable year that ends within the Partnership’s taxable year), but such reductions for depletion shall not exceed the adjusted basis allocated to such

 

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Partner with respect to such property. Upon the taxable disposition of an oil or gas property by the Partnership, the capital account of each Partner shall be reduced or increased, as the case may be, by the amount of the difference between such Partner’s allocable share of the total amount realized on such disposition and such Partner’s remaining adjusted tax basis in such property.

 

(e) For purposes of determining the capital account balance of any Partner as of the end of any Partnership taxable year for purposes of Subsection 6.6(f) hereof, such Partner’s capital account shall be reduced by:

 

(i) adjustments that, as of the end of such year, reasonably are expected to be made to such Partner’s capital account pursuant to paragraph (b)(2)(iv)(k) of the 704 Regulations for depletion allowances with respect to oil and gas properties of the Partnership,

 

(ii) allocations of loss and deduction that, as of the end of such year, reasonably are expected to be made to such Partner pursuant to Code section 704(e)(2), Code section 706(d), and paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of section 1.751-1 of regulations promulgated under the Code, and

 

(iii) distributions that, as of the end of such year, reasonably are expected to be made to such Partner to the extent they exceed offsetting increases to such Partner’s capital account that reasonably are expected to occur during (or prior to) the Partnership taxable years in which such distributions reasonably are expected to be made.

 

6.6 With respect to the various allocations of Partnership income, gain, loss, deduction and credit for federal income tax purposes, it is hereby agreed as follows:

 

(a) To the extent permitted by law, all charges, deductions and losses shall be allocated for federal income tax purposes in the same manner as the costs in respect of which such charges, deductions and losses are charged to the respective accounts of the Partners. The Partners bearing the costs shall be entitled to the deductions (including, without limitation, cost recovery allowances, depreciation and cost depletion) and credits that are attributable to such costs.

 

(b) The Partnership shall allocate to each Partner his or her portion of the adjusted basis in each depletable Partnership Property as required by Section 613A(c)(7)(D) of the Code based upon the interest of said Partner in the capital of the Partnership as of the time of the acquisition of such Partnership Property. To the extent permitted by the Code, such allocation shall be based upon said Partner’s interest (i) in the Partnership capital used to acquire the property, or (ii) in the adjusted basis of the property if it is contributed to the Partnership. If such allocation of basis is not permitted under the Code, then basis will be allocated in the permissible manner which the General Partner deems will most closely achieve the result intended above.

 

(c) Partnership Revenue shall be allocated for federal income tax purposes in the same manner as it is allocated to the respective accounts of the Partners pursuant to Sections 6.3 and 6.4 above.

 

(d) Depreciation or cost recovery allowance recapture and recapture of intangible drilling and development costs, if any, due as a result of sales or dispositions of assets shall be allocated in the same proportion that the depreciation, cost recovery allowances or intangible drilling and development costs being recaptured were allocated.

 

(e) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary stated herein,

 

(i) there shall be allocated first to other Limited Partners and then to the General Partner any item of loss, deduction, credit or allowance that, but for this Subsection 6.6(e), would have been allocated to any Limited Partner that is not obligated to restore

 

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any deficit balance in such Limited Partner’s capital account and would have thereupon caused or increased a deficit balance in such Limited Partner’s capital account as of the end of the Partnership’s taxable year to which such allocation related (after taking into consideration the numbered items specified in Subsection 6.5(e) hereof);

 

(ii) any Limited Partner that is not obligated to restore any deficit balance in such Limited Partner’s capital account who unexpectedly receives an adjustment, allocation or distribution specified in Subsection 6.5(e) hereof shall be allocated items of income and gain in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate such deficit balance as quickly as possible; and

 

(iii) in the event any allocations of loss, deduction, credit or allowance are made to a Limited Partner or the General Partner pursuant to clause (i) of this Subsection 6.6(e), then such Limited Partner and/or the General Partner shall be subsequently allocated all items of income and gain pro rata as they were allocated the item(s) of loss, deduction, credit or allowance under such clause (i) until the aggregate amount of such allocations of income and gain is equal to the aggregate amount of any such allocations of loss, deduction, credit or allowance allocated to such Partner(s) pursuant to clause (i) of this Subsection 6.6(e).

 

(f) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, if, under any provision of this Agreement, the capital account of any Partner is adjusted to reflect the difference between the basis to the Partnership of Partnership Property and such property’s fair market value, then all items of income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to such property shall be allocated among the Partners so as to take account of the variation between the basis of such property and its fair market value at the time of the adjustment to such Partner’s capital account in accordance with the requirements of subsection 704(c) of the Code, or in the same manner as provided under subsection 704(c) of the Code.

 

6.7 Notwithstanding anything to the contrary that may be expressed or implied in this Agreement, the interest of the General Partner in each material item of Partnership income, gain, loss, deduction or credit shall be equal to at least one percent of each such item at all times during the existence of the Partnership. In determining the General Partner’s interest in such items, Units owned by the General Partner shall not be taken into account.

 

6.8 Except as provided in subsections (a) through (d) of this Section 6.8, in the case of a change in a Partner’s interest in the Partnership during a taxable year of the Partnership, all Partnership income, gain, loss, deduction or credit allocable to the Partners shall be allocated to the persons who were Partners during the period to which such item is attributable in accordance with the Partners’ interests in the Partnership during such period regardless of when such item is paid or received by the Partnership.

 

(a) With respect to certain “allocable cash basis items” (as such term is defined in the Code) of Partnership Revenue, gain, loss, deduction or credit, if, during any taxable year of the Partnership there is change in any Partner’s interest in the Partnership, then, except to the extent provided in regulations prescribed under Section 706 of the Code, each Partner’s allocable share of any “allocable cash basis item” shall be determined by (i) assigning the appropriate portion of each such item to each day in the period to which it is attributable, and (ii) allocating the portion assigned to any such day among the Partners in proportion to their interests in the Partnership at the close of such day.

 

(b) If, by adhering to the method of allocation described in the immediately preceding subsection of this Section 6.8, a portion of any “allocable cash basis item” is attributable to any period before the beginning of the Partnership taxable year in which such item is received or paid, such portion shall be (i) assigned to the first day of the taxable year in which it is received or paid, and (ii) allocated among the persons who were Partners in the Partnership during the period to which such portion is attributable in accordance with their interests in the Partnership during such period.

 

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(c) If any portion of any “allocable cash basis item” paid or received by the Partnership in a taxable year is attributable to a period after the close of that taxable year, such portion shall be (i) assigned to the last day of the taxable year in which it is paid or received, and (ii) allocated among the persons who are Partners in proportion to their interests in the Partnership at the close of such day.

 

(d) If any deduction is allocated to a person with respect to an “allocable cash basis item” attributable to a period before the beginning of the Partnership taxable year and such person is not a Partner of the Partnership on the first day of the Partnership taxable year, such deduction shall be capitalized by the Partnership and treated in the manner provided for in Section 755 of the Code.

 

ARTICLE VII

Fiscal Year, Accountings and Reports

 

7.1 Unless the Code requires otherwise, the fiscal year of the Partnership will be the calendar year and the books of the Partnership will be kept in accordance with usual and customary accounting practices on the accrual method.

 

7.2 Within sixty (60) days after the end of each quarter of each Partnership fiscal year, each person who was a Limited Partner during such period will be furnished a report setting forth the source and disposition of Partnership funds during the quarter.

 

7.3 Not later than the end of the fiscal year in which all Partnership Wells are drilled and completed, and sufficient production history has been obtained on Partnership Wells to evaluate properly the reserves attributable thereto, the General Partner will make an evaluation of Partnership Properties as of the last day of such fiscal year. The report shall include an estimate of the total oil and gas proven reserves of the Partnership and the dollar value thereof and the value of the Limited Partner’s interest in such reserve value. It shall also contain an estimate of the present worth of the reserves. Each Limited Partner will receive a summary statement of such report reflecting the Limited Partners’ interest in such reserve value.

 

ARTICLE VIII

Tax Returns and Elections

 

8.1 Unless the Code requires otherwise, the General Partner will cause the Partnership to elect the calendar year as its taxable year and will timely file all Partnership income tax returns required to be filed by the jurisdictions in which the Partnership conducts business or derives income. By March 15 of each year or as soon thereafter as practicable, the General Partner will furnish all available information necessary for inclusion in the income tax returns of each person who was a Limited Partner during the prior fiscal year. The General Partner shall be the “Tax Matters Partner” for the Partnership pursuant to the provisions of Section 6231 of the Code subject to the provisions of Section 10.22 below.

 

8.2 The Partnership will elect to deduct intangible drilling and development costs currently as an expense for income tax purposes and will elect to use the available depreciation method which, in the General Partner’s judgment, is in the best interest of the Partners.

 

8.3 The General Partner shall have the right in its sole discretion at any time to make or not to make such other elections as are authorized or permitted by any law or regulation for income tax purposes (including any election under Section 754 of the Code).

 

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ARTICLE IX

Distributions

 

9.1 The Partnership’s available cash will be distributed to the Limited Partners and the General Partner in the same proportions that Partnership Revenue has been allocated to them after giving effect to previous distributions and to portions of such revenue theretofore used or retained to pay costs incurred or expected to be incurred in conducting Partnership operations or to repay borrowings theretofore or expected to be thereafter obtained by the Partnership. Within forty-five (45) days after the end of each calendar quarter, the General Partner will determine the amount of cash available for distribution to the Limited Partners and will distribute such amount, if any, as promptly thereafter as reasonably possible. Distributions of cash to the General Partner may be at any time the General Partner determines there is cash available therefor. The General Partner’s determination of the cash available for distribution will be conclusive and binding upon all Partners. All Partnership funds distributed to the Limited Partners shall be distributed to the persons who were record holders of Units on the day on which the distribution is made.

 

ARTICLE X

Rights, Duties and Obligations of the General Partner

 

10.1 Subject to the limitations of this Agreement, the General Partner will have full, exclusive and complete discretion in the management and control of the business of the Partnership and will make all decisions affecting its business and affairs or the Partnership Properties. The General Partner will have, subject to the provisions of this Article X, full power and authority to take any action described in Article III above and execute and deliver in the name of and on behalf of the Partnership such documents or instruments as the General Partner deems appropriate for the conduct of Partnership business. No person, firm or corporation dealing with the Partnership will be required to inquire into the authority of the General Partner to take any action or make any decision.

 

10.2 The General Partner will perform the duties imposed upon it under this Agreement in an efficient and businesslike manner with due caution and in accordance with established practices of the oil and gas industry, but the General Partner shall not be liable, responsible or accountable in damages or otherwise to the Partnership or any of the Partners for, and the Partnership shall indemnify, defend against and save harmless the General Partner, from any expense (including attorneys’ fees), loss or damage incurred by reason of any act or omission performed or omitted in good faith on behalf of the Partnership or the Partners, and in a manner reasonably believed by the General Partner to be within the scope of the authority granted by this Agreement and in the best interests of the Partnership or the Partners, provided that the General Partner is not guilty of gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to such acts or omissions, and further provided that the satisfaction of any indemnification and any saving harmless shall be from and limited to Partnership assets including insurance proceeds, if any, and no Partner shall have any personal liability on account thereof. For purposes of this Section 10.2 only, the term General Partner includes the General Partner, affiliates of the General Partner and any officer, director or employee of the General Partner or any of its affiliates such that all of such parties are covered by the indemnities provided herein.

 

10.3 The General Partner will utilize its organization and employees and will hire outside consultants for the Partnership as necessary in order to provide experienced, qualified and competent personnel to conduct the Partnership’s business. With certain limited exceptions it is the intent of the Partners that the Partnership participate as a co-general partner of any oil and gas drilling or income programs, or both, formed by the General Partner or UNIT for third party investors during 2005 and to participate on a proportionate working interest basis in each producing oil and gas lease acquired and in the drilling of each oil and gas well commenced by the General Partner or UNIT for its own account during the period from the later of January 1, 2005 or the Effective Date through December 31, 2005 (except for wells, if any, (i) drilled outside of the 48 contiguous United States; (ii) drilled as part of

 

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secondary or tertiary recovery operations which were in existence prior to the formation of the Partnership; (iii) drilled by third parties under farm-out or similar arrangements with the General Partner or UNIT or whereby the General Partner or UNIT may be entitled to an overriding royalty, reversionary or other similar interest in the production from such wells but is not obligated to pay any of the Drilling Costs thereof; (iv) acquired by UNIT or the General Partner through the acquisition by UNIT or the General Partner of, or merger of UNIT or the General Partner with, other companies; or (v) with respect to which the General Partner does not believe that the potential economic return therefrom justifies the costs of participation by the Partnership).

 

10.4 The General Partner, UNIT or any affiliate thereof will transfer to the Partnership interests in oil and gas properties comprising the spacing unit on which a Partnership Well is located or is to be drilled for the separate account of the Partnership, provided that no broker’s commissions or fees of a similar nature will be paid in connection with any such transfer and the consideration paid by the Partnership will be equal to the Leasehold Acquisition Costs of the property so transferred. If the size of a spacing unit on which a Partnership Well is located is ever reduced or increased well density is permitted thereon, the Partnership will not be entitled to any reimbursement or recoupment of any portion of the Leasehold Acquisition Costs paid with respect thereto notwithstanding the provisions of Section 10.7 below.

 

10.5 With respect to certain transactions involving Partnership Properties, it is hereby agreed as follows:

 

(a) A sale, transfer or conveyance by the General Partner or any affiliate of less than its entire interest in such property is prohibited unless (i) the interest retained by the General Partner or its affiliate is a proportionate working interest, (ii) the respective obligations of the General Partner or its affiliate and the Partnership are substantially the same proportionately as those of the General Partner or its affiliate at the time it acquired the property and (iii) the Partnership’s interest in revenues will not be less than the proportionate interest therein of the General Partner or its affiliate when it acquired the property. The General Partner or its affiliate may retain the remaining interest for its own account or it may sell, transfer, farm-out or otherwise convey all or a portion of such remaining interest to non-affiliated industry members. In connection with any such sale, transfer, farm-out or other conveyance of such interest to non-affiliated industry members, which may occur either before or after the transfer of the interests in the same properties to the Partnership, the General Partner or its affiliate may realize a profit on the interests or may be carried to some extent with respect to its cost obligations in connection with any drilling on such properties and any such profit or interest will be strictly for the account of the General Partner and the Partnership will have no claim with respect thereto.

 

(b) The General Partner or its affiliates may not retain any overrides or other burdens on property conveyed to the Partnership (other than overriding royalty interests granted to geologists and other persons employed or retained by the General Partner or its affiliates).

 

10.6 The General Partner will cause the Partnership Properties to be acquired in accordance with the customs of the oil and gas industry in the area. The Partnership will be required to do only such title work with respect to its oil and gas properties as the General Partner in its sole judgment deems appropriate in light of the area, any applicable drilling or expiration dates and any other material factors.

 

10.7 Partnership Properties shall be transferred to the Partnership after the decision to acquire a productive property or the commitment to drill a Partnership Well thereon has been made. The Partnership shall acquire interests in only those properties of the General Partner or UNIT which comprise the spacing unit on which the Partnership Well is drilled or on which a producing Partnership Well is located. If a spacing unit on which a Partnership Well is drilled or located is ever reduced, or any subsequent well in which the Partnership has no interest is drilled thereon, the Partnership will have no interest in any such subsequent or additional wells drilled on properties which were a part of the original spacing unit unless any such additional well is commenced during 2005 or is drilled by a drilling or

 

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income program of which the Partnership is a partner. Likewise if UNIT, UPC or any affiliate, including any oil and gas partnership subsequently formed for investment or participation by employees, directors and/or consultants of UNIT or any of its subsidiaries, acquires additional interests in Partnership Wells after 2005 the Partnership generally will not be entitled to participate in the acquisition of such additional interests. In addition, if a Partnership Well drilled on a spacing unit is dry or abandoned, the Partnership will not have an interest in any subsequent or additional well drilled on the spacing unit unless it is commenced during 2005 or is drilled by a drilling or income program of which the Partnership is a partner.

 

10.8 The General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates will either conduct the Partnership’s drilling and production operations and operate each Partnership Well or arrange for a third party operator to conduct such operations. The General Partner will, on behalf of the Partnership, enter into appropriate operating agreements with other owners of Partnership Wells authorizing the General Partner, its affiliates or a third party operator to conduct such operations. The Partnership will take such action in connection with operations pursuant to said operating agreements as the General Partner, in its sole discretion, deems appropriate and in the best interests of the Partnership, and the decision of the General Partner with respect thereto will be binding upon the Partnership.

 

10.9 The General Partner will cause the Partnership to plug and abandon its dry holes and abandoned wells in accordance with rules and regulations of the governmental regulatory body having jurisdiction.

 

10.10 The General Partner may pool or unitize Partnership Properties with other oil and gas properties when such pooling or unitization is required by a governmental regulatory body, when well spacing as determined by any such body requires such pooling or unitization, or when, in the General Partner’s opinion, such pooling or unitization is in the best interests of the Partnership.

 

10.11 The General Partner will have authority to make and enter into contracts for the sale of the Partnership’s share of oil or gas production from Partnership Wells, including contracts for the sale of such production to the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates; provided, however, that the production purchased by the General Partner, UNIT or any of its affiliates will be for prices which are not less than the highest posted price (in the case of crude oil production) or prevailing price (in the case of natural gas production) in the same field or area.

 

10.12 The General Partner will use its best efforts to procure and maintain for the Partnership, and at its expense, such insurance coverage with responsible companies as may be reasonably available for such premium costs as would not be considered to be unreasonably high or prohibitive with respect to each item of coverage and as the General Partner considers necessary for the protection of the Partnership and the Partners. The coverage will be in such amounts and will cover such risks as the General Partner believes warranted by the operations conducted hereunder. Such risks may include but will not necessarily be limited to public liability and automobile liability, each covering bodily injury, death and property damage, workmen’s compensation and employer’s liability insurance and blowout and control of well insurance.

 

10.13 In order to conduct properly the business of the Partnership, and in order to keep the Partners properly informed, the General Partner will:

 

(a) maintain adequate records and files identifying the Partnership Properties and containing all pertinent information in regard thereto that is obtained or developed pursuant to this Agreement;

 

(b) maintain a complete and accurate record of the acquisition and disposition of each Partnership Property;

 

 

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(c) maintain appropriate books and records reflecting the Partnership’s revenue and expense and each Partner’s participation therein;

 

(d) maintain a capital account for each Partner with appropriate records as necessary in order to reflect each Partner’s interest in the Partnership and furnish required tax information; and

 

(e) keep the Limited Partners informed by means of written reports on the acquisition of Partnership Properties and the progress of the business and operations of the Partnership, which reports will be rendered semi-annually and at such more frequent intervals during the progress of Partnership operations as the General Partner deems appropriate.

 

10.14 The General Partner, UNIT and the officers, directors, employees and affiliates thereof may own, purchase or otherwise acquire and deal in oil and gas properties, drill wells, conduct operations and otherwise engage in any aspect of the oil and gas business, either for their own accounts or for the accounts of others. Each Limited Partner hereby agrees that engaging in any activity permitted by this Section 10.14 will not be considered a breach of any duty that the General Partner, UNIT or the officers, directors, employees and affiliates thereof may have to the Partnership or the Limited Partners, and that the Partnership and the Limited Partners will not have any interest in any properties acquired or profits which may be realized with respect to any such activity.

 

10.15 Subject to Section 12.1, without the prior consent of Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units, the General Partner will not (i) make, execute or deliver any assignment for the benefit of the Partnership’s creditors; or (ii) contract to sell all or substantially all of the Partnership Properties (except as permitted by Sections 10.23 and 16.4(b)).

 

10.16 In contracting for services to and insurance coverage for the Partnership and its activities and operations, and in acquiring material, equipment and personal property on behalf of the Partnership, the General Partner will use its best efforts to obtain such services, insurance, material, equipment and personal property at prices no less favorable than those normally charged in the same or in comparable geographic areas by non-affiliated persons or companies dealing at arm’s length. No rebates, concessions or compensation of a similar nature will be paid to the General Partner by the person or company supplying such services, insurance, material, equipment and personal property.

 

10.17 The General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates are authorized to provide equipment, materials and services to the Partnership in connection with the conduct of its operations, provided, that the terms of any contracts between the Partnership and the General Partner, UNIT or any affiliates, or the officers, directors, employees and affiliates thereof must be no less favorable to the Partnership than those of comparable contracts entered into, and will be at prices not in excess of those charged in the same geographical area by non-affiliated persons or companies dealing at arm’s length. Any such contracts for services must be in writing precisely describing the services to be rendered and all compensation to be paid.

 

10.18 The General Partner may cause the Partnership to hold Partnership Properties in the Partnership’s name, or in the name of the General Partner, UNIT, any affiliates thereof or some third party as nominee for the Partnership. If record title to a Partnership Property is to be held permanently in the name of a nominee, such nominee arrangement will be evidenced and documented by a nominee agreement identifying the Partnership Properties so held and disclaiming any beneficial interest therein by the nominee.

 

10.19 The General Partner will be generally liable for the debts and obligations of the Partnership, provided that any claims against the Partnership shall be satisfied first out of the assets of the Partnership and only thereafter out of the separate assets of the General Partner.

 

10.20 The Partnership may not make any loans to the General Partner, UNIT or any of its affiliates.

 

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10.21 The General Partner will use its best efforts at all times to maintain its net worth at a level that is sufficient to insure that the Partnership will be classified for federal income tax purposes as a partnership, rather than as an association taxable as a corporation, on account of the net worth of the General Partner.

 

10.22 The Tax Matters Partner designated in Section 8.1 above is authorized to engage legal counsel and accountants and to incur expense on behalf of the Partnership in contesting, challenging and defending against any audits, assessments and administrative or judicial proceedings conducted or participated in by the Internal Revenue Service with respect to the Partnership’s operations and affairs.

 

10.23 At any time two years or more after the Partnership has completed substantially all of its property acquisition, drilling and development operations, the General Partner may, without the vote, consent or approval of the Limited Partners, cause all or substantially all of the oil and gas properties and other assets of the Partnership to be sold, assigned or transferred to, or the Partnership merged or consolidated with, another partnership or a corporation, trust or other entity for the purpose of combining the assets of two or more of the oil and gas partnerships formed for investment or participation by employees, directors and/or consultants of UNIT or any of its subsidiaries; provided, however, that the valuation of the oil and gas properties and other assets of all such participating partnerships for purposes of such transfer or combination shall be made on a consistent basis and in a manner which the General Partner and UNIT believe is fair and equitable to the Limited Partners. As a consequence of any such transfer or combination, the Partnership shall be dissolved and terminated pursuant to Article XVI hereof and the Limited Partners shall receive partnership interests, stock or other equity interests in the transferee or resulting entity.

 

ARTICLE XI

Compensation and Reimbursements

 

11.1 For the General Partner’s services performed as operator of productive Partnership Wells located on Partnership Properties and as operator during the drilling of Partnership Wells, the Partnership will compensate the General Partner at rates no higher than those normally charged in the same or a comparable geographic area by non-affiliated persons or companies dealing at arm’s length. The General Partner will not receive compensation for such services performed in connection with the operation of Partnership Wells operated by third party operators, but such third party operators will be compensated as provided in the operating agreements in effect with respect to such wells and the Partnership will pay its proportionate share of such compensation.

 

11.2 The General Partner will be reimbursed by the Partnership out of Partnership Revenues for that portion of its general and administrative overhead expense that is attributable to its conduct of the actual and necessary business, affairs and operations of the Partnership. The General Partner’s general and administrative overhead expenses will be determined in accordance with industry practices. The allocable costs and expenses will include all customary and routine legal, accounting, geological, engineering, travel, office rent, telephone, secretarial, salaries, data processing, word processing and other incidental reasonable expenses necessary to the conduct of the Partnership’s business and generated by the General Partner or allocated to it by UNIT, but will not include filing fees, commissions, professional fees, printing costs and other expenses incurred in forming the Partnership or offering interests therein. Also excluded will be any general and administrative overhead expense of the General Partner or UNIT which may be attributable to its services as an operator of Partnership Wells for which it receives compensation pursuant to Section 11.1 above. The portion of the General Partner’s general and administrative overhead expense to be reimbursed by the Partnership with respect to any particular period will be determined by allocating to the Partnership that portion of the General Partner’s total general and administrative overhead expense incurred during such period which is equal to the ratio of the Partnership’s total expenditures compared to the total expenditures by the General Partner for its own account. The portion of such general and administrative overhead expense reimbursement which is

 

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charged to the Limited Partners may not exceed an amount equal to 3% of the Aggregate Subscription during the first 12 months of the Partnership’s operations, and in each succeeding twelve-month period, the lesser of (a) 2% of the Aggregate Subscription and (b) 10% of the total Partnership Revenue realized in such twelve-month period. Administrative expenses incurred directly by the Partnership, or incurred by the General Partner on behalf of the Partnership and reimbursable to the General Partner, such as legal, accounting, auditing, reporting, engineering, mailing and other such fees, costs and expenses are not to be deemed a part of the general and administrative expense of the General Partner which is to be reimbursed pursuant to this Section 11.2 and the amounts thereof will not be subject to the limitations described in the preceding sentence.

 

ARTICLE XII

Rights and Obligations of Limited Partners

 

12.1 The Limited Partners, in their capacity as such, cannot transact any business for the Partnership or take part in the control of its business or management of its affairs. Limited Partners will have no power to execute any agreements on behalf of, or otherwise bind or commit, the Partnership. They may give consents and approvals as herein provided and exercise the rights and powers granted to them in this Agreement, it being understood that the exercise of such rights and powers will be deemed to be matters affecting the basic structure of the Partnership and not the exercise of control over its business; provided, however, that exercise of any of the rights and powers granted to the Limited Partners in Sections 10.15, 12.3, 14.1, 16.1 and 18.1 will not be authorized or effective unless prior to the exercise thereof the General Partner is furnished an opinion of counsel for the Partnership or an order or judgment of any court of competent jurisdiction to the effect that the exercise of such rights or powers (i) will not be deemed to evidence that the Limited Partners are taking part in the control of or management of the Partnership’s business and affairs, (ii) will not result in the loss of any Limited Partner’s limited liability and (iii) will not result in the Partnership being classified as an association taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.

 

12.2 The Limited Partners will not be personally liable for any debts or losses of the Partnership. Except as otherwise specifically provided herein, no Partner will be responsible for losses of any other Partners.

 

12.3 Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, no Limited Partner will be entitled to the return of his contribution. Distributions of Partnership assets pursuant to this Agreement may be considered and treated as returns of contributions if so designated by law or, subject to Section 12.1, by agreement of the General Partner and Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units. The value of a Limited Partner’s undistributed contribution determined for the purposes of Section 39 of the Act at any point in time shall be his or her percentage of the amount of the Partnership’s stated capital allocated to the Limited Partners as reflected in the financial statements of the Partnership as of such point in time. No Partner will receive any interest on his or her contributions and no Partner will have any priority over any other Partner as to the return of contributions.

 

ARTICLE XIII

Transferability of Limited Partner’s Interest

 

13.1 Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 13.3, no sale, exchange, transfer or assignment of a Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership may be made unless in the opinion of counsel for the Partnership,

 

(a) such sale, exchange, transfer or assignment, when added to the total of all other sales, exchanges, transfers or assignments of interests in the Partnership within the preceding 12 months, would not result in the Partnership being considered to have terminated within the meaning of Section 708 of the Code (provided, however, that this condition may be waived by the General Partner in its discretion);

 

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(b) such sale, exchange, transfer or assignment would not violate, or cause the offering of the Units to be violative of, the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any state securities or “blue sky” laws (including any investor suitability standards) applicable to the Partnership or the interest to be sold, exchanged, transferred or assigned; and

 

(c) such sale, exchange, transfer or assignment would not cause the Partnership to lose its status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, and said opinion of counsel is delivered in writing to the Partnership prior to the date of the sale, exchange, transfer or assignment.

 

13.2 In no event shall all or any part of an interest in the Partnership be assigned or transferred to a minor (except in trust or pursuant to the Uniform Gifts to Minors Act) or an incompetent (except in trust), except by will or intestate succession.

 

13.3 Except for transfers or assignments (in trust or otherwise) by a Limited Partner of all or any part of his or her interest in the Partnership

 

(a) to the General Partner,

 

(b) to or for the benefit of himself or herself, his or her spouse, or other members of his or her immediate family sharing the same household,

 

(c) to a corporation or other entity in which all of the beneficial owners are Limited Partners or assigns permitted in (a) and (b) above, or

 

(d) by the General Partner to any person who at the time of such transfer is an employee of the General Partner, UNIT or its subsidiaries, no Limited Partner’s Units or any portion thereof may be sold, assigned or transferred except by reason of death or operation of law.

 

13.4 If a Limited Partner dies, his or her executor, administrator or trustee, or, if he or she is adjudicated incompetent, his or her committee, guardian or conservator, or, if he or she becomes bankrupt, the trustee or receiver of his or her estate, shall have all the rights of a Limited Partner for the purpose of settling or managing his or her estate and such power as the deceased, incapacitated or bankrupt Limited Partner possessed to assign all or any part of his or her interest and to join with such assignee in satisfying conditions precedent to such assignee’s becoming a Substituted Limited Partner.

 

13.5 The Partnership shall not recognize for any purpose any purported sale, assignment or transfer of all or any fraction of the interest of a Limited Partner in the Partnership, unless the provisions of Section 13.1 shall have been complied with and there shall have been filed with the Partnership a written and dated notification of such sale, assignment or transfer in form satisfactory to the General Partner, executed and acknowledged by both the seller, assignor or transferor and the purchaser, assignee or transferee and such notification (i) contains the acceptance by the purchaser, assignee or transferee of all of the terms and provisions of this Agreement and (ii) represents that such sale, assignment or transfer was made in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations. Any sale, assignment or transfer shall be recognized by the Partnership as effective on the date of such notification if the date of such notification is within thirty (30) days of the date on which such notification is filed with the Partnership, and otherwise shall be recognized as effective on the date such notification is filed with the Partnership.

 

13.6 Any Limited Partner who shall assign all of his or her interest in the Partnership shall cease to be a Limited Partner, except that, unless and until a Substituted Limited Partner is admitted in his or her stead, such assigning Limited Partner shall retain the statutory rights of the assignor of a Limited Partner’s interest under the Act.

 

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13.7 A person who is the assignee of all or any fraction of the interest of a Limited Partner, but does not become a Substituted Limited Partner and desires to make a further assignment of such interest, shall be subject to all the provisions of this Article XIII to the same extent and in the same manner as any Limited Partner desiring to make an assignment of his or her interest.

 

13.8 No Limited Partner shall have the right to substitute a purchaser, assignee, transferee, donee, heir, legatee, distributee or other recipient of all or any portion of such Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership as a Limited Partner in his or her place. Any such purchaser, assignee, transferee, donee, legatee, distributee or other recipient of an interest in the Partnership shall be admitted to the Partnership as a Substituted Limited Partner only with the consent of the General Partner, which consent shall be granted or withheld in the sole and absolute discretion of the General Partner and may be arbitrarily withheld, and only by an amendment to this Agreement or the certificate of limited partnership duly executed and recorded in the proper records of each jurisdiction in which the Partnership owns mineral interests and filed in the proper records of the State of Oklahoma. Any such consent by the General Partner shall be binding and conclusive without the consent of any Limited Partners and may be evidenced by the execution of the General Partner of an amendment to this Agreement or the certificate of limited partnership, evidencing the admission of such person as a Substituted Limited Partner.

 

13.9 No person shall become a Substituted Limited Partner until such person shall have:

 

(a) become a party to, and adopted all of the terms and conditions of, this Agreement;

 

(b) if such person is a corporation, partnership or trust, provided the General Partner with evidence satisfactory to counsel for the Partnership of such person’s authority to become a Limited Partner under the terms and provisions of this Agreement; and

 

(c) paid or agreed to pay the costs and expenses incurred by the Partnership in connection with such person’s becoming a Limited Partner.

 

Provided, however, that for the purpose of allocating Partnership Revenue, costs and expenses, a person shall be treated as having become, and as appearing in the records of the Partnership as, a Substituted Limited Partner on such date as the sale, assignment or transfer was recognized by the Partnership pursuant to Section 13.5.

 

13.10 By his or her execution of his or her Subscription Agreement, each Limited Partner represents and warrants to the General Partner and to the Partnership that his or her acquisition of his or her interest in the Partnership is made as principal for his or her own account for investment purposes only and not with a view to the resale or distribution of such interest. Each Limited Partner agrees that he or she will not sell, assign or otherwise transfer his or her interest in the Partnership or any fraction thereof unless such interest has been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or such sale, assignment or transfer is exempt from such registration and, in any event, he or she will not so sell, assign or otherwise transfer his or her interest or any fraction thereof to any person who does not similarly represent, warrant and agree.

 

ARTICLE XIV

Assignments by the General Partner

 

14.1 The General Partner may not sell, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of its interest in the Partnership except with the prior consent, subject to Section 12.1, of Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units; provided that a sale, assignment or transfer may be effective without such consent if pursuant to a bona fide merger, any other corporate reorganization or a complete liquidation, pursuant to a sale of all or substantially all of the General Partner’s assets (provided the purchasers of such assets agree to assume the duties and obligations of the General Partner) or a sale or transfer to UNIT or any affiliates of UNIT. If the Limited Partners’ consent to a proposed transfer is

 

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required, the General Partner will, concurrently with the request for such consent, give the Limited Partners written notice identifying the interest to be transferred, the date on which the transfer is to be effective, the proposed transferee and the substitute General Partner, if any.

 

14.2 Sales, assignments and transfers of the interests in the Partnership owned by the General Partner will be subject to, and the assignee will acquire the assigned interest subject to, all of the terms and provisions of this Agreement.

 

14.3 If the Limited Partners’ consent to a transfer of the General Partner’s interest in the Partnership is obtained as above provided, or is not required, the transferee may become a substitute General Partner hereunder. The substitute General Partner will assume and agree to perform all of the General Partner’s duties and obligations hereunder and the transferring General Partner will, upon making a proper accounting to the substitute General Partner, be relieved of any further duties or obligations hereunder with respect to Partnership operations thereafter occurring.

 

ARTICLE XV

Limited Partners’ Right of Presentment

 

15.1 After December 31, 2006, each Limited Partner will have the option, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Article XV, to require the General Partner to purchase all (but not less than all) of his or her Units, provided that the option may not be exercised after the date of any notice that will effect a dissolution and termination of the Partnership pursuant to Article XVI below. Any such exercise shall be effected by written notice thereof delivered to the General Partner.

 

15.2 Sales of Limited Partners’ Units pursuant to this Article XV will be effective, and the purchase price for such interests will be determined, as of the close of business on the last day of the calendar year in which the Limited Partner’s notice exercising his or her option is given, or, at the General Partner’s election, as of 7:00 o’clock A.M. on the following day.

 

15.3 The purchase price to be paid for the Units of any Limited Partner who exercises the option granted in this Article XV will be determined in the following manner. First, future gross revenues expected to be derived from the production and sale of the proved reserves attributable to Partnership Properties will be estimated, as of the end of the calendar year in which presentment is made, by the independent engineering firm preparing a report on the reserves of the Partnership, or if no such firm is preparing a report as of the end of the calendar year in which the option is exercised, then by the General Partner. Next, future net revenues will be calculated by deducting anticipated expenses (including Operating Expenses and other costs that will be incurred in producing and marketing such reserves and any gross production, excise, or other taxes, other than federal income taxes, based on the oil and gas production of the Partnership or sales thereof) from estimated future gross revenues. The price to be used in calculating future gross revenues as well as the estimates of price and cost escalations to be used in such calculations will be those of such independent engineering firm or the General Partner, whichever is making the determination. Then the present worth of the future net revenues will be calculated by discounting the estimated future net revenues at that rate per annum which is one (1) percentage point higher than the prime rate of interest being charged by Bank of Oklahoma, N.A., Tulsa, Oklahoma, or any successor bank, as such prime rate of interest is announced by said bank as of the date such reserves are estimated. This amount will be reduced by an additional 25% to take into account the uncertainties attendant to the production and sale of oil and gas reserves and other unforeseen contingencies. Estimated salvage value of tangible equipment installed on the Partnership Wells and costs of plugging and abandoning the productive Partnership Wells, both discounted at the aforementioned rate from the expected date of abandonment, will be considered, and Partnership Properties, if any, which do not have proved reserves attributable to them but which have not been condemned will be valued at the lower of cost or their then current market value as determined by the aforementioned independent petroleum engineering firm or General Partner, as the case may be. The Partnership’s cash on hand, prepaid expenses, accounts receivable (less a reasonable reserve for doubtful accounts) and the market value of its

 

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other assets as determined by the General Partner will be added to the value of the Partnership Properties thus determined, and the Partnership’s debts, obligations and other liabilities will be deducted, to arrive at the Partnership’s net asset value for purposes of this Section 15.3. The price to be paid for the Limited Partner’s interest will be his or her proportionate share of such net asset value less 75% of the amount of any Partnership distributions received by him or her which are attributable to sales of Partnership production since the date as of which the Partnership’s proved reserves are estimated.

 

15.4 Within one hundred twenty (120) days after the end of any calendar year in which a Limited Partner exercises his or her option to require purchase of his or her Units as provided in this Article XV, the General Partner will furnish to such Limited Partner a statement showing the price to be paid for his or her Units and evidencing that such price has been determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 15.3 above. The statement will show which portion of the proposed purchase price is represented by the value of the proved reserves and by each of the other classes of Partnership assets and liabilities attributable to the account of the Limited Partner. The Limited Partner will then have thirty (30) days to confirm, by further notice to the General Partner, his or her intention to sell his or her Units to the General Partner. If the Limited Partner timely confirms his or her intention to sell, the sale will be consummated and the price paid in cash within ten (10) days after such confirmation. The General Partner will not be obligated to purchase (i) any Units pursuant to such right if such purchase, when added to the total of all other sales, exchanges, transfers or assignments of the Units within the preceding 12 months, would result in the Partnership being considered to have terminated within the meaning of Section 708 of the Code or would cause the Partnership to lose its status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, or (ii) in any one calendar year more than 20% of the Units in the Partnership then outstanding. If less than all of the Units tendered are purchased, the interests purchased will be selected by lot. The Limited Partners whose tendered Units were rejected by reason of the foregoing limitation shall be entitled to priority in the following year. Contemporaneously with the closing of any such sale, the Limited Partner will execute such certificates or other documents and perform such acts as the General Partner deems necessary to effect the sale and transfer of the liquidating Limited Partner’s Units to the General Partner and to preserve the limited liability status of the Partnership under the laws of the jurisdictions in which it is doing business.

 

15.5 As used in Sections 15.3 and 15.4 above, the term “proved reserves” shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in Regulation S-X adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

ARTICLE XVI

Termination and Dissolution of Partnership

 

16.1 The Partnership will terminate automatically on December 31, 2035, unless prior thereto, subject to Section 12.1 above, the General Partner or Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units elect to terminate the Partnership as of an earlier date. In the event of such earlier termination, ninety (90) days’ written notice will be given to all other Partners. The termination date will be specified in such notice and must be the last day of any calendar month following expiration of the ninety (90) day period unless an earlier date is approved by Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units.

 

16.2 Upon the dissolution (other than pursuant to a merger or other corporate reorganization), bankruptcy, legal disability or withdrawal of the General Partner (other than pursuant to Section 14.1 above), the Partnership shall immediately be dissolved and terminated; provided, however, that nothing in this Agreement shall impair, restrict or limit the rights and powers of the Partners under the laws of the State of Oklahoma and any other jurisdiction in which the Partnership is doing business to reform and reconstitute themselves as a limited partnership within ninety (90) days following the dissolution of the Partnership either under provisions identical to those set forth herein or under any other provisions. The withdrawal, expulsion, dissolution, death, legal disability, bankruptcy or insolvency of any Limited Partner will not effect a dissolution or termination of the Partnership.

 

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16.3 Upon termination of the Partnership by action of the Limited Partners pursuant to Section 16.1 hereof or as a result of an event under Section 16.2 hereof, a party designated by the Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units will act as Liquidating Trustee. In any other case, the General Partner will act as Liquidating Trustee.

 

16.4 As soon as possible after December 31, 2035, or the date of the notice of or event causing an earlier termination of the Partnership, the Liquidating Trustee will begin to wind up the Partnership’s business and affairs. In this regard:

 

(a) The Liquidating Trustee will furnish or obtain an accounting with respect to all Partnership accounts and the account of each Partner and with respect to the Partnership’s assets and liabilities and its operations from the date of the last previous audit of the Partnership to the date of such dissolution;

 

(b) The Liquidating Trustee may, in its discretion, sell any or all productive and non-productive properties which, except in the case of an election by the General Partner to terminate the Partnership prior to the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date, may be sold to the General Partner or any of its affiliates for their fair market value as determined in good faith by the General Partner;

 

(c) The Liquidating Trustee shall:

 

(i) pay all of the Partnership’s debts, liabilities and obligations to its creditors, including the General Partner; and

 

(ii) pay all expenses incurred in connection with the termination, liquidation and dissolution of the Partnership and distribution of its assets as herein provided;

 

(d) The Liquidating Trustee shall ascertain the fair market value by appraisal or other reasonable means of all assets of the Partnership remaining unsold, and each Partner’s capital account shall be charged or credited, as the case may be, as if such property had been sold at such fair market value and the gain or loss realized thereby had been allocated to and among the Partners in accordance with Article VI hereof; and

 

(e) On or as soon as practicable after the effective date of the termination, all remaining cash and any other properties and assets of the Partnership not sold pursuant to the preceding subsections of this Section 16.4 will be distributed to the Partners (i) in proportion to and to the extent of any remaining balances in the Partners’ capital accounts and then (ii) in undivided interests to the Partners in the same proportions that Partnership Revenues are being shared at the time of such termination, provided, that:

 

(i) the various interests distributed to the respective Partners will be distributed subject to such liens, encumbrances, restrictions, contracts, operating agreements, obligations, commitments or undertakings as existed with respect to such interests at the time they were acquired by the Partnership or were subsequently created or entered into by the Partnership;

 

(ii) if interests in the Partnership Wells that are not subject to any operating agreement are to be distributed, the Partners will, concurrently with the distribution, enter into standard form operating agreements covering the subsequent operation of each such well which will, if the termination is effected pursuant to Section 16.1 above, be in a form satisfactory to the General Partner and will name the General Partner or its designee as operator; and

 

(iii) no Partner shall be distributed an interest in any asset if the distribution would result in a deficit balance or increase the deficit balance in its capital account (after making the adjustments referred to in this Section 16.4 relating to distributions in kind).

 

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16.5 If the General Partner has a deficit balance in its capital account following the distribution(s) provided for in Section 16.4(e) above, as determined after taking into account all adjustments to its capital account for the taxable year of the Partnership during which such distribution occurs, it shall restore the amount of such deficit balance to the Partnership within ninety (90) days and such amount shall be distributed to the other Partners in accordance with their positive capital account balances.

 

16.6 Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, upon the dissolution and termination of the Partnership, the General Partner will contribute to the Partnership the lesser of: (a) the deficit balance in its capital account; or (b) the excess of 1.01 percent of the total Capital Contributions of the Limited Partners over the capital previously contributed by the General Partner.

 

ARTICLE XVII

Notices

 

17.1 All notices, consents, requests, demands, offers, reports and other communications required or permitted shall be deemed to be given or made when personally delivered to the party entitled thereto, or when sent by United States mail in a sealed envelope, with postage prepaid, addressed, if to the General Partner, to 7130 South Lewis, Suite 1000, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136, and, if to a Limited Partner, to the address set forth below such Limited Partner’s signature on the counterpart of the Subscription Agreement that he or she originally executed and delivered to the General Partner. The General Partner may change its address by giving notice to all Limited Partners. Limited Partners may change their address by giving notice to the General Partner.

 

ARTICLE XVIII

Amendments

 

18.1 Limited Partners do not have the right to propose amendments to this Agreement. The General Partner may propose an amendment or amendments to this Agreement by mailing to the Limited Partners a notice describing the proposed amendment and a form to be returned by the Limited Partners indicating whether they oppose or approve of its adoption. Such notice will include the text of the proposed amendment, which will have been approved in advance by counsel for the Partnership. If, within sixty (60) days, or such shorter period as may be designated by the General Partner, after any notice proposing an amendment or amendments to this Agreement has been mailed, Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units have properly executed and returned the form indicating that they approve of and consent to adoption of the proposed amendment, such amendment will become effective as of the date specified in such notice, provided that no amendment which alters the allocations specified in Article VI above, changes the compensation and reimbursement provisions set forth in Article XI above or is otherwise materially adverse to the interests of the Limited Partners will become effective unless approved by all Limited Partners. If an amendment does become effective, all Partners will promptly evidence such effectiveness by executing such certificates and other instruments as the General Partner may deem necessary or appropriate under the laws of the jurisdictions in which the Partnership is then doing business in order to reflect the amendment.

 

ARTICLE XIX

General Provisions

 

19.1 This Agreement embodies the entire understanding and agreement between the Partners concerning the Partnership, and supersedes any and all prior negotiations, understandings or agreements in regard thereto.

 

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19.2 In those cases where this Agreement requires opinions to be expressed by, or actions to be approved by, counsel for Limited Partners, such counsel must be qualified and experienced in the fields of federal income taxation and partnership and securities laws.

 

19.3 This Agreement and the Subscription Agreement may be executed in multiple counterpart copies, each of which will be considered an original and all of which constitute one and the same instrument.

 

19.4 This Agreement will be deemed to have been executed and delivered in the State of Oklahoma and will be construed and interpreted according to the laws of that State.

 

19.5 This Agreement and all of the terms and provisions hereof will be binding upon and will inure to the benefit of the Partners and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, trustees, successors and assigns.

 

EXECUTED in the name of and on behalf of the undersigned General Partner this      day of January, 2005 but effective as of the Effective Date.

 

            “General Partner”
            UNIT PETROLEUM COMPANY

Attest:

               

By

 

 


     

By

 

 


    Mark E. Schell, Secretary           Larry D. Pinkston, President

 

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LIMITED PARTNER SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT AND

SUITABILITY STATEMENT

 

(ALL INFORMATION WILL BE TREATED CONFIDENTIALLY)

 

Unit 2005 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

c/o Unit Petroleum Company

7130 South Lewis Avenue, Suite 1000

Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136

 

RE:

   Unit 2005 Employee Oil and
     Gas Limited Partnership

 

Gentlemen:

 

In connection with the subscription of the undersigned for units of limited partnership interest ( “Units” ) in the Unit 2005 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership (the “Partnership” ) which the undersigned tenders herewith to Unit Petroleum Company (the “General Partner” ), the undersigned is hereby furnishing the Partnership and the General Partner the information set forth herein below and makes the representations and warranties set forth below, to indicate whether the undersigned is a suitable subscriber for Units in the Partnership. As a condition precedent to investing in the Partnership, the undersigned hereby represents, warrants, covenants and agrees as follows:

 

1. The undersigned acknowledges that he or she has received and reviewed a copy of the Private Offering Memorandum (the “Offering Memorandum” ) dated December 23, 2004 of the Unit 2005 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership, relating to the offering of Units in the Partnership, and all Exhibits thereto, including the Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “Agreement” ), and understands that the Units will be offered to others on the terms and in the manner described in the Offering Memorandum. The undersigned hereby subscribes for the number of Units set forth below pursuant to the terms of the Offering Memorandum and tenders his or her Capital Subscription as required and agrees to pay his or her Additional Assessments upon call or calls by the General Partner; and the undersigned acknowledges that he or she shall have the right to withdraw this subscription only up until the time the General Partner executes and accepts the undersigned’s subscription and that the General Partner may reject any subscription for any reason without liability to it; and, further, the undersigned agrees to comply with the terms of the Agreement and to execute any and all further documents necessary in connection with his or her admission to the Partnership.

 

2. The undersigned has reviewed and acknowledges execution of the Power of Attorney set forth in the Agreement and elsewhere in this instrument.

 

3. The undersigned is aware that no federal or state regulatory agency has made any findings or determination as to the fairness for public or private investment, nor any recommendation or endorsement, of the purchase of Units as an investment.

 

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4. The undersigned recognizes the speculative nature and risks of loss associated with oil and gas investments and that he or she may suffer a complete loss of his or her investment. The Units subscribed for hereby constitute an investment which is suitable and consistent with his or her investment program and that his or her financial situation enables him or her to bear the risks of this investment. The undersigned represents that he or she has adequate means of providing for his or her current needs and possible personal contingencies, and that he or she has no need for liquidity of this investment.

 

5. The undersigned confirms that he or she understands, and has fully considered for purposes of this investment, the RISK FACTORS set forth in the Offering Memorandum and that (i) the Units are speculative investments which involve a high degree of risk of loss by the undersigned of his or her investment therein, (ii) there is a risk that the anticipated tax benefits under the Agreement could be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service or could be affected by changes in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the regulations thereunder or administrative or judicial interpretations thereof thereby depriving Limited Partners of anticipated tax benefits, (iii) the General Partner and its affiliates will engage in transactions with the Partnership which may result in a profit and, in the future, may be engaged in businesses which are competitive with that of the Partnership, and the undersigned agrees and consents to such activities, even though there are conflicts of interest inherent therein, and (iv) there are substantial restrictions on the transferability of, and there will be no public market for, the Units and, accordingly, it may be difficult for him or her to liquidate his or her investment in the Units in case of emergency, if possible at all.

 

6. The undersigned confirms that in making his or her decision to purchase the Units subscribed for he or she has relied upon independent investigations made by him or her (or by his or her own professional tax and other advisors) and that he or she has been given the opportunity to examine all documents and to ask questions of, and to receive answers from the General Partner or any person(s) acting on its behalf concerning the terms and conditions of the offering or any other matter set forth in the Offering Memorandum, and to obtain any additional information, to the extent the General Partner possesses such information or can acquire it without unreasonable effort or expense, necessary to verify the accuracy of the information set forth in the Offering Memorandum, and that no representations have been made to him or her and no offering materials have been furnished to him or her concerning the Units, the Partnership, its business or prospects or other matters, except as set forth in the Offering Memorandum and the other materials described in the Offering Memorandum.

 

7. The undersigned understands that the Units are being offered and sold under an exemption from registration provided by Sections 3(b) and/or 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act” ), and warrants and represents that any Units subscribed for are being acquired by the undersigned solely for his or her own account, for investment purposes only, and are not being purchased with a view to or for the resale, distribution, subdivision or fractionalization thereof; the undersigned has no agreement or other arrangement, formal or informal, with any person to sell, transfer or pledge any part of any Units subscribed for or which would guarantee the undersigned any rights to such Units; the undersigned has no plans to enter into any such agreement or arrangement, and, consequently, he or she must bear the economic

 

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risk of the investment for an indefinite period of time because the Units cannot be resold or otherwise transferred unless subsequently registered under the Act (which neither the General Partner nor the Partnership is obligated to do), or an exemption from such registration is available and, in any event, unless transferred in compliance with the Agreement.

 

8. The undersigned further understands that the exemption under Rule 144 of the Act will not be generally available because of the conditions and limitations of such rule; that, in the absence of the availability of such rule, any disposition by him or her of any portion of his or her investment will require compliance under the Act; and that the Partnership and the General Partner are under no obligation to take any action in furtherance of making such exemption available.

 

9. The undersigned is aware that the General Partner will have full and complete control of Partnership operations and that he or she must depend on the General Partner to manage the Partnership profitably; and that a Limited Partner does not have the same rights as a stockholder in a corporation or the protection which stockholders might have, since limited partners have limited rights in determining policy.

 

10. The undersigned is aware that the General Partner will receive compensation for its services irrespective of the economic success of the Partnership.

 

11. The undersigned represents and warrants as follows (please mark and complete all applicable categories):

 

(a) If an individual, the undersigned is the sole party in interest, and the undersigned is at least 21 years of age and a bona fide resident and domiciliary (not a temporary or transient resident) of the state set forth opposite his or her signature hereto;

 

¨   YES                     ¨   NO

 

(b) If a partnership or corporation, the undersigned meets the following: (1) the entity has not been formed for the purposes of making this investment; (2) the entity was formed on              ; and (3) the entity has a history of investments similar to the type described in the Offering Memorandum;

 

¨   YES                     ¨   NO

 

(c) The undersigned meets all suitability standards and acknowledges being aware of all legend conditions applicable to his or her state of residence as set forth herein;

 

¨   YES                     ¨   NO

 

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(d) (i) The undersigned has a net worth (including home, furnishings and automobiles) of at least five times the amount of his or her Capital Subscription, and anticipates that he or she will have adjusted gross income during the current year in an amount which will enable him or her to bear the economic risks of the investment in the Partnership;

 

¨   YES                     ¨   NO

 

and

 

(ii) The undersigned is a salaried employee of Unit Corporation ( “UNIT” ) or any of its subsidiaries at the date of formation of the Partnership whose annual base salary for 2004 has been set at $36,000 or more, or the undersigned is a director of UNIT;

 

¨   YES                     ¨   NO

 

and

 

(e) The undersigned              is or              is not a citizen of the United States.

 

12. The undersigned represents and agrees that he or she has had sufficient opportunity to make inquiries of the General Partner in order to supplement information contained in the Offering Memorandum respecting the offering, and that any information so requested has been made available to his or her satisfaction, and he or she has had the opportunity to verify such information. The undersigned further agrees and represents that he or she has knowledge and experience in business and financial matters, and with respect to investments generally, and in particular, investments generally comparable to the offering, so as to enable him or her to utilize such information to evaluate the risks of this investment and to make an informed investment decision. The following is a brief description of the undersigned’s experience in the evaluation of other investments generally comparable to the offering:

 

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

13. The undersigned is aware that the Partnership and the General Partner have been and are relying upon the representations and warranties set forth in this Limited Partner Subscription Agreement and Suitability Statement, in part, in determining whether the offering meets the conditions specified in Rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the exemption from registration provided by Sections 3(b) and/or 4(2) of the Act.

 

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14. All of the information which the undersigned has furnished the General Partner herein or previously with respect to the undersigned’s financial position and business experience is correct and complete as of the date of this Agreement, and, if there should be any material change in such information prior to the closing of the offering period of the Units, the undersigned will immediately furnish such revised or corrected information to the General Partner. The undersigned agrees that the foregoing representations and warranties shall survive his or her admission to the Partnership, as well as any acceptance or rejection of a subscription for the Units.

 

If the subscription tendered hereby of the undersigned is accepted by the General Partner, the undersigned hereby executes and swears to the Agreement of Limited Partnership of Unit 2005 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership as a Limited Partner, thereby agreeing to all the terms thereof and duly appoints the General Partner, with full power of substitution, his or her true and lawful attorney to execute, file, swear to and record any Certificate of Limited Partnership or amendments thereto or cancellation thereof and any other instruments which may be required by law in any jurisdiction to permit qualification of the Partnership as a limited partnership or for any other purposes necessary to implement the Partnership’s purposes.

 

THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, THE OKLAHOMA SECURITIES ACT OR OTHER APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES ACTS. THE SECURITIES HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT AND MAY NOT BE SOLD OR TRANSFERRED FOR VALUE IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION OF THEM UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND/OR THE OKLAHOMA SECURITIES ACT, OR ANY OTHER APPLICABLE ACT, OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL TO UNIT 2005 EMPLOYEE OIL AND GAS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP THAT SUCH REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SUCH ACT.

 

The undersigned hereby subscribes for              Units (minimum subscription: 2 Units) at a price of $1,000 per Unit for a total Capital Subscription (as defined in Article II of the Agreement) of $                      , which shall be due and payable either:

 

(Check One)

 

¨     (a) in four equal installments on March 15, 2005, June 15, 2005, September 15, 2005 and December 15, 2005, respectively; or

 

¨     (b) through equal deductions from 2005 salary of the undersigned commencing immediately after the Effective Date (as defined in Article II of the Agreement).

 

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LIMITED PARTNER :     

RESIDENT

ADDRESS :

 

(If placing Units

in the name of spouse

or trustee for minor

child or children,

please provide name,

address of such

spouse or trustee and

Social Security or Tax

Identification Number)

 

 


    

 


 

 

 


    

 


 

Signature

 

 


Please Print Name

    

 

 

Mailing Address

if different :

 

 


 

 

 

TAX I.D. OR SOCIAL

SECURITY NO. :

 

 

Date:

 
    

 

 


 

 

 

ACCEPTED THIS      DAY OF                      , 2005.

 

UNIT 2005 EMPLOYEE OIL AND GAS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

 

By  

 


            Authorized Officer of Unit
            Petroleum Company, General Partner

 

Upon completion, an executed copy of this Limited Partner Subscription Agreement and Suitability Statement should be returned to Unit 2005 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership, Attention Mark E. Schell, 7130 South Lewis Avenue, Suite 1000, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136. The General Partner, after acceptance, will return a copy of the accepted Subscription Agreement to the Limited Partner.

 

I-6


LOGO

 

December 23, 2004

 

Unit Petroleum Company

1000 Kensington Tower I

7130 South Lewis

Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136

 

Re: Unit 2005 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

 

Dear Sirs:

 

We have acted as counsel for Unit Petroleum Company, an Oklahoma corporation (the “General Partner”), which will be the General Partner in the Unit 2005 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership, a proposed Oklahoma limited partnership (the “Partnership”). You have requested our opinions regarding certain federal income tax matters concerning the Partnership.

 

We have reviewed and relied upon the accuracy of the facts and information set forth in the Private Offering Memorandum dated December 23, 2004 (the “Memorandum”), covering the offer and sale of units of limited partnership interest (“Units”) in the Partnership, the Agreement of Limited Partnership included as Exhibit A to the Memorandum (the “Partnership Agreement”), the consolidated balance sheet of the General Partner dated October 31, 2004, and such other documents and matters as we have considered necessary in order to render this opinion. Capitalized terms used herein have the meaning assigned to them in the Memorandum, except as otherwise specifically indicated.

 

In our examination we have assumed the authenticity of original documents, the accuracy of copies and the genuineness of signatures. We have relied upon the representations and statements of the General Partner of the Partnership with respect to the factual determinations underlying the legal conclusions set forth herein. We have not attempted to verify independently such representations and statements.

 

EXHIBIT “B”


March 7, 2005

Page 2

 

Please note that we are opining only as to the matters expressly set forth herein, and no opinion should be inferred as to any other matters. We are unable to render opinions as to a number of federal income tax issues relating to an investment in Units and the operations of the Partnership. Finally, we are not expressing any opinion with respect to the amount of allowable losses or credits that may be generated by the Partnership or the amount of each Partner’s share of allowable losses or credits from the Partnership’s activities.

 

The following opinion and statements are based upon the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), existing and proposed regulations thereunder, current administrative rulings, and court decisions. The federal income tax law is uncertain as to many of the tax matters material to an investment in the Partnership, and it is not possible to predict with certainty how the law will develop or how the courts will decide various issues if they are litigated. While this opinion fairly states our views concerning the tax aspects of an investment in the Partnership, both the Internal Revenue Service (the “Service”) and the courts may disagree with our position on certain issues.

 

Moreover, uncertainty exists concerning some of the federal income tax aspects of the transactions being undertaken by the Partnership. Some of the tax positions to be taken by the Partnership may be challenged by the Service and there is no assurance that any such challenge will not be successful. Thus, there can be no assurance that all of the anticipated tax benefits of an investment in the Partnership will be realized.

 

Our opinions are based upon the transactions described in the Memorandum (the “Transaction”) and upon facts as they have been represented to us or determined by us as of the date of the opinion. Any alteration of the facts may adversely affect the opinions rendered. In our opinion, the preponderance of the material tax benefits, in the aggregate, will be realized by the Partners. It is possible, however, that some of the tax benefits will be eliminated or deferred to future years.

 

Because of the factual nature of the inquiry, and in certain cases the lack of clear authority in the law, it is not possible to reach a judgment as to the outcome on the merits (either favorable or unfavorable) of certain material federal income tax issues as described more fully herein.

 

SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS

 

Opinions expressed: The following is a summary of the specific opinions expressed by us with respect to the Federal Income Tax Considerations discussed herein. TO BE FULLY UNDERSTOOD, THE COMPLETE DISCUSSION OF THESE MATTERS SHOULD BE READ BY EACH PROSPECTIVE PARTNER.

 

1. The material federal income tax benefits in the aggregate from an investment in the Partnership will be realized.


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2. The Partnership will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and not as a corporation, an association taxable as a corporation or a “publicly traded partnership.”

 

3. To the extent the Partnership’s wells are timely drilled and amounts are timely paid, the Partners will be entitled to their pro rata shares of the Partnership’s IDC paid in 2005.

 

4. Limited Partners’ interests will be considered a passive activity within the meaning of Code Section 469 and losses generated therefrom will be limited by the passive activity provisions of the Code.

 

5. To the extent provided herein, the Partners’ distributive shares of Partnership tax items will be determined and allocated substantially in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement.

 

6. The Partnership will not be required to register with the Service as a tax shelter.

 

No opinion expressed: Due to the lack of authority, or the essentially factual nature of the question, we express no opinion on the following:

 

1. The impact of an investment in the Partnership on an investor’s alternative minimum tax liability, due to the factual nature of the issue.

 

2. Whether, under Code Section 183, the losses of the Partnership will be treated as derived from “activities not engaged in for profit,” and therefore nondeductible from other gross income, due to the inherently factual nature of a Partner’s interest and motive in engaging in the Transaction.

 

3. Whether each Partner will be entitled to percentage depletion since such a determination is dependent upon the status of the Partner as an independent producer. Due to the inherently factual nature of such a determination, we are unable to render an opinion as to the availability of percentage depletion.

 

4. Whether any interest incurred by a Partner with respect to any borrowings to acquire a Unit will be deductible or subject to limitations on deductibility, due to the factual nature of the issue.

 

5. Whether the Partnership will be treated as the tax owner of Partnership Properties acquired by the General Partner as nominee for the Partnership.

 

General Information: Certain matters contained herein are not considered to address a material tax consequence and are for general information, including the matters contained in sections dealing with gain or loss on the sale of Units or of property, Partnership distributions, tax audits, penalties, and state and local tax.


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Our opinions are also based upon the facts described in the Memorandum and upon certain representations made to us by the General Partner for the purpose of permitting us to render our opinions, including the following representations with respect to the Partnership:

 

1. The Partnership Agreement to be entered into by and among the General Partner and Limited Partners and any amendments thereto will be duly executed and will be made available to any Limited Partner upon written request. The Partnership Agreement will be duly recorded in all places required under the Oklahoma Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act (the “Act”) for the due formation of the Partnership and for the continuation thereof in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. The Partnership will at all times be operated in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement, the Memorandum, and the Act.

 

2. No election will be made by the Partnership, Limited Partners, or the General Partner to be excluded from the application of the provisions of Subchapter K of the Code.

 

3. The Partnership will own operating mineral interests, as defined in the Code and in the Regulations, and none of the Partnership’s revenues will be from non-working interests.

 

4. The General Partner will cause the Partnership to properly elect to deduct currently all Intangible Drilling and Development Costs.

 

5. The Partnership will have a December 31 taxable year and will report its income on the accrual basis.

 

6. All Partnership wells will be spudded by not later than December 31, 2005. The entire amount to be paid under any drilling and under the operating agreements entered into by the Partnership will be attributable to Intangible Drilling and Development Costs.

 

7. Such drilling and operating agreements will be duly executed and will govern the operation of the Partnership’s wells.

 

8. Based upon the General Partner’s review of its experience with its previous oil and gas partnerships for the past several years and upon the intended operations of the Partnership, the General Partner believes that the sum of (i) the aggregate deductions, including depletion deductions, and (ii) 350 percent of the aggregate tax credits from the Partnership will not, as of the close of any of the first five years ending after the date on which Units are offered for sale, exceed two times the aggregate cash invested by the Partners in the Partnership as of such dates. In that regard, the General Partner has reviewed the economics of its similar oil and gas partnerships for the past several years, and has represented that it has determined that none of those partnerships has resulted in a tax shelter ratio greater than two to one. Further, the General


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Partner has represented that the deductions and credits that are or will be represented as potentially allowable to an investor will not result in the Partnership having a “tax shelter ratio”, as such term is defined in the Code and regulations thereunder, greater than two to one.

 

9. At least 90% of the gross income of the Partnership will constitute income derived from the exploration, development, production, and or marketing of oil and gas. The General Partner does not believe that any market will ever exist for the sale of Units and the General Partner will not make a market for the Units. Further, the Units will not be traded on an established securities market or the substantial equivalent thereof.

 

10. There is not now pending nor, to the knowledge of the General Partner or UNIT, threatened any action, suit or proceeding by the Internal Revenue Service under Sections 6700 or 7408 of the Internal Revenue Code relating to the promoter penalty referred to in Section 6700 of the Code with respect to any partnerships sponsored by the General Partner or UNIT. Neither the General Partner, UNIT, nor, to the knowledge of either of them, any participant in such partnerships has received any pre-filing notifications referred to in Revenue Procedure 83-73 with respect to such partnerships or the Partnership from the Internal Revenue Service.

 

11. The General Partner will, as nominee for the Partnership, acquire and hold title to Partnership Properties on behalf of the Partnership; the General Partner will enter into an agency agreement before the General Partner acquires any such oil and gas properties on behalf of the Partnership; the agency agreement will reflect that the General Partner’s acquisition of Partnership properties is on behalf of the Partnership; and the General Partner will execute assignments of all oil and gas interests acquired by it on behalf of the Partnership to the Partnership.

 

12. The Partnership and each Partner will have the objective of carrying on the business of the Partnership for profit and dividing the gain therefrom.

 

13. No election will be made under the Regulations for the Partnership to be treated as a corporation.

 

Our opinions are also subject to all the assumptions, qualifications, and limitations set forth in the following discussion, including the assumptions that each of the Partners has full power, authority, and legal right to enter into and perform the terms of the Partnership Agreement and to take any and all actions thereunder in connection with the transactions contemplated thereby.

 

Each prospective investor should be aware that, unlike a ruling from the Service, an opinion of counsel represents only such counsel’s best judgment. THERE CAN BE NO ASSURANCE THAT THE SERVICE WILL NOT SUCCESSFULLY ASSERT POSITIONS WHICH ARE INCONSISTENT WITH OUR OPINIONS SET FORTH IN THIS DISCUSSION OR IN THE TAX REPORTING POSITIONS TAKEN BY THE


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PARTNERS OR THE PARTNERSHIP. EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR SHOULD CONSULT HIS OWN TAX ADVISOR TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF THE TAX ISSUES DISCUSSED HEREIN ON HIS INDIVIDUAL TAX SITUATION.

 

PARTNERSHIP STATUS

 

The Partnership will be formed as a limited partnership pursuant to the Partnership Agreement and the laws of the State of Oklahoma. The characterization of the Partnership as a partnership by state or local law, however, will not be determinative of the status of the Partnership for federal income tax purposes. The availability of any federal income tax benefits to an investor is dependent upon classification of the Partnership as a partnership rather than as a corporation or as an association taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.

 

We are of the opinion that the Partnership will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, and not as a corporation, an association taxable as a corporation or a “publicly traded partnership.” However, there can be no assurance that the Service will not attempt to treat the Partnership as a corporation or as an association taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. If the Service were to prevail on this issue, the tax benefits associated with taxation as a partnership would not be available to the Partners.

 

Although the Partnership will be validly organized as a limited partnership under the laws of the state of Oklahoma and will be subject to the Act, whether it will be treated for federal income tax purposes as a partnership or as a corporation or as an association taxable as a corporation will be determined under the Code rather than local law. As discussed below, our opinion that the Partnership will not be classified a corporation or as an association taxable as a corporation is based in part on entity classification regulations promulgated in 1996 and in part on the fact that in our opinion the Partnership will not constitute a “publicly traded partnership.”

 

A. Association Taxable as a Corporation

 

Our opinion that the Partnership will not be treated as an association taxable as a corporation is based on regulations issued by the Internal Revenue Service on December 17, 1996, generally effective as of January 1, 1997, regarding the tax classification of certain business organizations (the “Check the Box Regulations”).

 

Under the Check the Box Regulations, in general, a business entity that is not otherwise required to be treated as a corporation under such regulations will be classified as a partnership if it has two or more members, unless the business entity elects to be treated as a corporation. The Partnership is not required under the Check the Box Regulations to be treated as a corporation and the General Partner has represented that it will not elect that the Partnership be treated as a corporation. Accordingly, in our opinion the Partnership will not be treated as an association taxable as a corporation.


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B. Publicly Traded Partnerships

 

The Revenue Act of 1987 (the “1987 Act”) added Code Section 7704, “Certain Publicly Traded Partnerships Treated as Corporations.” In treating certain “publicly traded partnerships” (“PTPs”) as corporations for federal income tax purposes, Congress defined a PTP as any partnership, interests in which are either traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof). Code Section 7704(b). Proposed Regulation 1.7704-1(b) provides that an “established securities market” includes a national securities exchange registered under Section 6 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”), a national securities exchange exempt under the 1934 Act because of the limited volume of transactions, certain foreign security laws, regional or local exchanges, and an interdealer quotation system that regularly disseminates firm buy or sell quotations by identified brokers or dealers. The General Partner has represented that the Units will not be traded on an established securities market.

 

Notwithstanding the above general treatment of PTPs, Code Section 7704(c) creates an exception to the treatment of PTPs as corporations for any taxable year if 90% or more of the gross income of the partnership for such taxable year consists of “qualifying income.” Code Section 7704(c)(2). For this purpose, qualifying income is defined to include, inter alia , “income and gains derived from the exploration, development, mining or production, processing, refining... or the marketing of any mineral or natural resource...” Code Section 7704(d)(1)(E). The General Partner has represented that for all taxable years of the Partnership, 90% or more of the Partnership’s gross income will consist of such qualifying income.

 

Regarding the definition of PTPs contained in the Code, the Committee Reports to the 1987 Act provide that PTPs include entities with respect to which, inter alia , (i) ”the holder of an interest has a readily available, regular and ongoing opportunity to sell or exchange his interest through a public means of obtaining or providing information of offers to buy, sell or exchange interests,” (ii) ”prospective buyers and sellers have the opportunity to buy, sell or exchange interests in a time frame and with the regularity and continuity that the existence of a market maker would provide,” and (iii) there exists a “regular plan of redemptions or repurchases” or similar acquisitions of interests in the partnership such that holders of interests have readily available, regular and ongoing opportunities to dispose of their interests.”

 

The Service issued Regulation Section 1.7704-1 to clarify when partnership interests that are not traded on an established securities market will be treated as readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof. Essentially, the Regulation provides that such a situation occurs if partners are readily able to buy, sell, or exchange their partnership interests in a manner that is comparable, economically, to trading on an established securities market. In addition, Notice 88-76 and the Regulation provide limited safe harbors from the definition of a PTP in advance of the issuance of final regulations. It is unclear whether the limited safe harbors provided in the Notice and Regulation would result in the Units being treated as not publicly traded and we express no opinion regarding this matter. However, the General Partner’s obligation to purchase Units pursuant to the right or presentment described in


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the Memorandum is conditioned upon the receipt by the Partnership from its counsel of an opinion that such offers or obligations to offer will not cause the Partnership to be treated as “publicly traded.”

 

Due to the presence of the opinion of counsel condition, the Partnership, in our opinion, will not be treated as a PTP prior to any purchases of Units pursuant to the right of presentment. Accordingly, the Partnership, in our opinion, will not be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes under Code Section 7704 in the absence of the Partnership’s interests being “readily tradable on a secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof).”

 

Notwithstanding the above, the Service may promulgate regulations or release announcements which take the position that interests in partnerships such as the Partnership are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof. However, treatment of the Partnership as a PTP should not result in its treatment as a corporation for federal income tax purposes due to the exception contained in Code Section 7704(c) relating to PTPs meeting the 90% of gross income test so long as such gross income test is satisfied.

 

C. Summary

 

Based on the above, in our opinion the Partnership will not be treated as an association taxable as corporation for federal income tax purposes by reason of the Check the Box Regulations. Further, since any obligation of the General Partner to purchase Units is conditioned upon the receipt of an opinion of counsel that the Partnership will not be treated as a PTP, and assuming the Partnership satisfies the 90% gross income test of Code Section 7704, the Partnership, in our opinion, will not be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the Partnership in our opinion will be treated as partnership for federal income tax purposes. If challenged by the Service on this issue, the Partners should prevail on the merits, and each Partner should be required to report his proportionate share of the Partnership’s items of income and deductions on his individual federal income tax return.

 

If in any taxable year the Partnership were to be treated for federal income tax purposes as a corporation or as an association taxable as a corporation, the Partnership income, gain, loss, deductions, and credits would be reflected only on its “corporate” tax return rather than being passed though to the Partners. In such event, the Partnership would be required to pay income tax at corporate rates on its net income, thereby reducing the amount of cash available to be distributed to the Partners. Additionally, all or a portion of any distribution made to Partners would be taxable as dividends, which would not be deductible by the Partnership and which would generally be treated as ordinary portfolio income to the Partners, regardless of the source from which such distributions were generated.

 

The discussion that follows is based on the assumption that the Partnership will be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes.


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FEDERAL TAXATION OF THE PARTNERSHIP

 

Under the Code, a partnership is not a taxable entity and, accordingly, incurs no federal income tax liability. Rather, a partnership is a “pass-through” entity which is required to file an information return with the Service. In general the character of a partner’s share of each item of income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit is determined at the partnership level. Each partner is allocated a distributive share of such items in accordance with the partnership agreement and is required to take such items into account in determining the partner’s income. Each partner includes such amounts in income for any taxable year of the partnership ending within or with the taxable year of the partner, without regard to whether the partner has received or will receive any cash distributions from the Partnership.

 

A partnership anti-abuse regulation promulgated under Reg. Section 1.701-2 authorizes the Service to recharacterize a partnership transaction if (1) a partnership is formed or availed of in connection with a transaction a principal purpose of which is to reduce substantially the present value of the partners’ aggregate federal income tax liability, and (2) the transaction is inconsistent with the intent of the Subchapter K partnership provisions. Additionally, the regulation permits the Service to treat a partnership as an aggregate of its partners, in whole or in part, as appropriate, to carry out the purpose of any provision of the Code or the regulations. The scope of this regulation is unclear at this time. Accordingly, we are unable to express an opinion as to its effect, if any, on the Partnership.

 

REGISTRATION AS A TAX SHELTER

 

The Code provides that certain investments must be registered as tax shelters with the Service. Registration numbers for such tax shelters must be supplied to investors who are required to report the numbers on their personal tax returns. Any organizer of a “potentially abusive tax shelter” and any person selling an interest in such shelter are required to maintain a list of investors in such tax shelter to whom interests were sold (together with other identifying information) and to make the list available to the Service upon request. Any tax shelter which is required to be registered and any other plan or arrangement which is of a type determined by the Treasury Regulations as having a potential for tax avoidance or evasion is considered a potentially abusive tax shelter for this purpose.

 

The registration requirements apply only to an investment with respect to which any person could reasonably infer from the representations made, or to be made, in connection with the offering for sale of interests in the investment that the “tax shelter ratio” for any investor is greater than two to one as of the close of any of the first five years ending after the date on which such investment is offered for sale.

 

The General Partner has represented that, (i) based upon its experience with its oil and gas partnerships and upon the intended operations of the Partnership, it does not believe that the Partnership will have a tax shelter ratio greater than two to one, (ii) the deductions and credits that are or will be represented as potentially allowable to an investor will not result in any


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Partnership having a tax shelter ratio greater than two to one, and (iii) based upon a review of the economics of its similar oil and gas partnerships for the past several years, it has determined that none of those partnerships has resulted in a tax shelter ratio greater than two to one. Accordingly, the General Partner does not intend to cause the Partnership to register with the Service as a tax shelter. Based on the foregoing representations, we are of the opinion that the Partnership will not be required to register with the Service as a tax shelter.

 

If it is subsequently determined that the Partnership was required to be registered with the Service as a tax shelter, the Partnership would be subject to certain penalties under Code Section 6707, including a penalty ranging from $500 to 1% of the aggregate amount invested in Units for failing to register and $100 for each failure to furnish to a Partner a tax shelter registration number, and each Partner would be liable for a $250 penalty for failure to include the tax registration number on his tax return, unless such failure was due to reasonable cause. A Partner also would be liable for a penalty of $100 for failing to furnish the tax shelter registration number to any transferee of his Partnership interest. We can give no assurance that, if the Partnership is determined to be a tax shelter which must be registered with the Service, the above penalties will not apply.

 

OWNERSHIP OF PARTNERSHIP PROPERTIES

 

The General Partner has indicated that it, as nominee for the Partnership (the “Nominee”), will acquire and hold title to Partnership Properties on behalf of the Partnership. The Nominee and the Partnership will enter into an agency agreement before the Nominee acquires any oil and gas properties on behalf of the Partnership. That agency agreement will reflect that the Nominee’s acquisition of Partnership Properties is on behalf of the Partnership. For various cost and procedural reasons, the assignments of all oil and gas interests acquired by the Nominee on behalf of the Partnership to the Partnership will not be recorded in the real estate records in the counties in which the Partnership Properties are located. That is, while the Partnership will be the owner of the Partnership Properties, there will be no public record of that ownership. It is possible that the Service could assert that the Nominee should be treated for federal income tax purposes as the owner of the Partnership Properties, notwithstanding the assignment of those Partnership Properties to the Partnership. If the Service were to argue successfully that the Nominee should be treated as the tax owner of the Partnership Properties, there would be significant adverse federal income tax consequences to the Limited Partners, such as the unavailability of depletion deductions in respect of income from Partnership Properties. The Service is concerned that taxpayers not be able to shift the tax consequences of transactions between parties based on the parties’ declaration that one party is the agent of another; the Service generally requires that taxpayers respect the form of their transactions and ownership of property. Based on this concern, the Service may challenge the Partnership’s treatment of Partnership Properties, and tax attributes thereof, which are held of record by the Nominee.

 

In Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Bollinger , 485 U.S. 340 (1988), the United States Supreme Court reviewed a principal-agent relationship and held for the taxpayer in concluding that the principal should be treated as the tax owner of property held in the name of the agent. In


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that case the Supreme Court noted that “It seems to us that the genuineness of the agency relationship is adequately assured, and tax-avoiding manipulation adequately avoided, when the fact that the corporation is acting as agent for its shareholders with respect to a particular asset is set forth in a written agreement at the time the asset is acquired, the corporation functions as agent and not principal with respect to the asset for all purposes, and the corporation is held out as the agent and not principal in all dealings with third parties relating to the asset.” While the Partnership and the Nominee will have in place an agreement defining their relationship before any Partnership Properties are acquired by the Nominee and the Nominee will function as agent with respect to those Partnership Properties on behalf of the Partnership, the Nominee will not hold itself out to all third parties as the agent of the Partnership in dealings relating to the Partnership Properties. Unlike the relationship between the principal and the agent in Bollinger , the Nominee will, however, assign title to Partnership Properties to the Partnership, but will not record those assignments. Accordingly, the facts related to the relationship between the Nominee and the Partnership are not the same as the facts in Bollinger and it is not clear that the failure of the Nominee to hold itself out to third parties as the agent of the Partnership in dealings relating to Partnership Properties would result in the treatment of the Nominee as the tax owner of the Partnership Properties. For the foregoing reasons, we have not expressed an opinion on this issue, but we believe that substantial arguments may be made that the Partnership should be treated as the tax owner of Partnership Properties acquired by the Nominee on the Partnership’s behalf. If the Partnership were not treated as the tax owner of the Partnership Properties, then our conclusions with respect to the following discussions which relate to the Partners’ deduction of tax items which are derived from Partnership Properties, such as IDC, depletion and Depreciation, would not be applicable.

 

INTANGIBLE DRILLING AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS DEDUCTIONS

 

Under Code Section 263(a), taxpayers are denied deductions for capital expenditures, which expenditures are those that generally result in the creation of an asset having a useful life which extends substantially beyond the close of the taxable year. See also Treas. Reg. Section 1.461-1(a)(2). In Indopco, Inc. v. Commissioner , 92-1 USTC paragraph 50,113 (1992), the Supreme Court seemed to further limit the capitalization criteria by stating that the costs should be capitalized when they provide benefits that extend beyond one tax year. Notwithstanding these statutory and judicial general rules, Congress has granted to the Secretary of the Treasury the authority to prescribe regulations that would allow taxpayers the option of deducting, rather than capitalizing, intangible drilling and development costs (“IDC”). Code Section 263. The Secretary’s rules are embodied in Treas. Reg. Section 1.612-4 and state that, in general, the option to deduct IDC applies only to expenditures for drilling and development items that do not have a salvage value.

 

With respect to IDC incurred by a partnership, Code Section 703 and Treas. Reg. Section 1.703-1(b) provide that the option to deduct such costs is to be exercised at the partnership level and in the year in which the deduction is to be taken. All partners are bound by the partnership’s election. The General Partner has represented that the Partnership will elect to deduct IDC in accordance with Treas. Reg. Section 1.612-4. In this regard, subject to such


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provision, Limited Partners will be entitled to deduct IDC against passive income in the year in which the investment is made, provided wells are spudded within the first ninety days of the following year.

 

A. Classification of Costs

 

In general, IDC consists of those costs which in and of themselves have no salvage value. Treas. Reg. Section 1.612-4(a) provides examples of items to which the option to deduct IDC applies, including all amounts paid for labor, fuel, repairs, hauling, and supplies, or any of them, which are used (i) in the drilling, shooting, and cleaning of wells, (ii) in such clearing of ground, draining, road making, surveying, and geological works as are necessary in the preparation for the drilling of wells, and (iii) in the construction of such derricks, tanks, pipelines, and other physical structures as are necessary for the drilling of wells and the preparation of wells for the production of oil or gas. The Service, in Rev. Rul. 70-414, 1970-2 C.B. 132, set forth further classifications of items subject to the option and those considered capital in nature. The ruling provides that the following items are not subject to the election of Treas. Reg. Section 1.612-4(a): (i) oil well pumps (upon initial completion of the well), including the necessary housing structures; (ii) oil well pumps (after the well has flowed for a time), including the necessary housing structures; (iii) oil well separators, including the necessary housing structures; (iv) pipelines from the wellhead to oil storage tanks on the producing lease; (v) oil storage tanks on the producing lease; (vi) salt water disposal equipment, including any necessary pipelines; (vii) pipelines from the mouth of a gas well to the first point of control, such as a common carrier pipeline, natural gasoline plant, or carbon black plant; (viii) recycling equipment, including any necessary pipelines; and (ix) pipelines from oil storage tanks on the producing leasehold to a common carrier pipeline.

 

A partnership’s classification of a cost as IDC is not binding on the government, which might reclassify an item labeled as IDC as a cost which must be capitalized. In Bernuth v. Commissioner , 57 T.C. 225 (1971), aff’d , 470 F.2d 710 (2nd Cir. 1972), the Tax Court denied taxpayers a deduction for that portion of a turnkey drilling contract price that was in excess of a reasonable cost for drilling the wells in question under a turnkey contract, holding that the amount specified in the turnkey contract was not controlling. Similarly, the Service, in Rev. Rul. 73-211, 1973-1 C.B. 303, concluded that excessive turnkey costs are not deductible as IDC:

 

[o]nly that portion of the amount of the taxpayer’s total investment that is attributable to intangible drilling and development costs that would have been incurred in an arm’s-length transaction with an unrelated drilling contractor (in accordance with the economic realities of the transaction) is deductible [as IDC].

 

To the extent the Partnership’s prices meet the reasonable price standards imposed by Bernuth , supra , and Rev. Rul 73-211, supra , and to the extent such amounts are not allocable to tangible property, leasehold costs, and the like, the amounts paid to the General Partner or its affiliates under drilling contracts should qualify as IDC and should be deductible at the time described below under “B. Timing of Deductions.” That portion of the amount paid to the


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General Partner or its affiliates that is in excess of the amount that would be charged by an independent driller under similar conditions will not qualify as IDC and will be required to be capitalized.

 

We are unable to express an opinion regarding the reasonableness or proper characterization of the payments under the drilling contracts, since the determination of whether the amounts are reasonable or excessive is inherently factual in nature. No assurance can be given that the Service will not characterize a portion of the amount paid to the General Partner or its affiliates as an excessive payment, to be capitalized as a leasehold cost, assignment fee, syndication fee, organization fee, or other cost, and not deductible as IDC. To the extent not deductible such amounts will be included in the Partners’ bases in their interests in the Partnership.

 

B. Timing of Deductions

 

As described above, Code Section 263(c) and Treas. Reg. Section 1.612-4 allow the Partnership to expense IDC as opposed to capitalizing such amounts. Even if the Partnership elects to expense the IDC, assuming a taxpayer is otherwise entitled to such a deduction, the taxpayer may elect to capitalize all or a part of the IDC and amortize the same on a straight-line basis over a sixty month period, beginning with the taxable month in which such expenditure is made. Code Section 59(e)(1) and (2)(c).

 

For taxpayers entitled to deduct IDC, the timing of such deduction can vary, depending, in part, upon the taxpayer’s method of accounting. The General Partner has represented that the Partnership will use the accrual method of accounting. Under the accrual method, income is recognized when all the events have occurred which fix the right to receive such income and the amount thereof can be determined with reasonable accuracy. Treas. Reg. Section 1.451-1(a). With respect to deductions, recognition results when all events which establish liability have occurred and the amount thereof can be determined with reasonable accuracy. Treas. Reg. Section 1.461-1(a)(2). Regarding deductions, Code Section 461(h)(1) provides that “. . . the all events test shall not be treated as met any earlier than when economic performance with respect to such item occurs.”

 

Code Section 461(i)(2), provides that, in the case of a “tax shelter,” economic performance with respect to the act of drilling an oil or gas well will “. . . be treated as having occurred within a taxable year if drilling of the well commences before the close of the 90th day after the close of the taxable year.” The Code Section 461 definition of a “tax shelter” is expansive and would include the Partnership. However, with respect to a tax shelter which is a partnership, the maximum deduction that would be allowable for any prepaid expenses under this exception would be limited to the partner’s “cash basis” in the partnership. Code Section 461(i)(2)(B)(i). Such “cash basis equals the partner’s adjusted basis in the partnership, determined without regard to (i) any liability of the partnership and (ii) any amount borrowed by the partner with respect to the partnership which (I) was arranged by the partnership or by any person who participated in the organization, sale, or management of the partnership (or any


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person related to such person within the meaning of Code Section 465(b)(3)(C)) or (II) was secured by any assets of the partnership”. Code Section 461(i)(2)(C). The General Partner has represented that drilling operations for Partnership wells will commence by the spudding of each well on or before December 31, 2005. If completion is warranted, each well will be completed with due diligence thereafter. Further the General Partner has represented that, in any event, the Partnership will not have any such liability referred to in Code Section 461(i)(2)(C), and the Partners will not so incur any such debt so as to result in application of the limiting provisions contained in Code Section 461(i)(2)(B)(i).

 

Notwithstanding the above, the deductibility of any prepaid IDC will be subject to the limitations of case law. These limitations provide that prepaid IDC is deductible when paid if (i) the expenditure constitutes a payment that is not merely a deposit, (ii) the payment is made for a business purpose, and (iii) deductions attributable to such outlay do not result in a material distortion of income. See Keller v. Commissioner , 79 T.C. 7 (1982), aff’d , 725 F.2d 1173 (8th Cir. 1984), Rev. Rul. 71-252, 1971-1 C.B. 146, Pauley v. U.S. , 63-1 U.S.T.C. paragraph 9280 (S.D. Cal. 1963), Rev. Rul. 80-71, 1980-1 C.B. 106, Jolley v. Commissioner , 47 T.C.M. 1082 (1984), Dillingham v. U.S. , 81-2 U.S.T.C. paragraph 9601 (W.D. Okla. 1981), and Stradlings Building Materials, Inc. v. Commissioner , 76 T.C. 84 (1981). Generally, these requirements may be met by a showing of a legally binding obligation (i.e., the payment was not merely a deposit), of a legitimate business purpose for the payment, that performance of the services was required within a reasonable time, and of an arm’s-length price. Similar requirements apply to cash basis taxpayers seeking to deduct prepaid IDC.

 

The General Partner is unable to represent that all of the Partnership’s wells will be completed in 2005; however, the General Partner has represented that any such well that is not completed in 2005 will be spudded by not later than December 31, 2005.

 

The Service has challenged the timing of the deduction of IDC when the wells giving rise to such deduction have been completed in a year subsequent to the year of prepayment. The decisions noted above hold that prepayments of IDC by a cash basis taxpayer are, under certain circumstances, deductible in the year of prepayment if some work is performed in the year of prepayment even though the well is not completed that year.

 

In Keller v. Commissioner, supra , the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals applied a three-part test for determining the current deductibility of prepaid IDC by a cash basis taxpayer, namely whether (i) the expenditure was a payment or a mere deposit, (ii) the payment was made for a valid business purpose and (iii) the prepayment resulted in a material distortion of income. The facts in that case dealt with two different forms of drilling contracts: footage or day-work contracts and turnkey contracts. Under the turnkey contracts, the prepayments were not refundable in any event, but in the event work was stopped on one well the remaining unused amount would be applied to another well to be drilled on a turnkey basis. Contrary to the Service’s argument that this substitution feature rendered the payment a mere deposit, the court in Keller concluded that the prepayments were indeed “payments” because the taxpayer could not compel a refund. The court further found that the deduction clearly reflected income because


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under the unique characteristics of the turnkey contract the taxpayer locked in the price and shifted the drilling risk to the contractor, for a premium, effectively getting its bargained for benefit in the year of payment. Therefore, the court concluded that the cash basis taxpayers in that case properly could deduct turnkey payments in the year of payment. With respect to the prepayments under the footage or day-work contracts, however, the court found that the payments were mere deposits on the facts of the case, because the partnership had the power to compel a refund. The court was also unconvinced as to the business purpose for prepayment under the footage or day-work contracts, primarily because the testimony indicated that the drillers would have provided the required services with or without prepayment.

 

Under the terms of drilling and operating agreements to be entered into by and between the Partnership and the General Partners or its affiliates, if amounts paid by the Partnership prior to the commencement of drilling exceed amounts due the General Partner or its affiliates thereunder, the General Partner or its affiliates will not refund any portion of amounts paid by the Partnership, but rather will create a credit once the actual costs incurred by the General Partner or its affiliates are compared to the amounts paid.

 

The Service has adopted the position that the relationship between the parties may provide evidence that the drilling contract between the parties requiring prepayment may not be a bona fide arm’s-length transaction, in which case a portion of the prepayment may be disallowed as being a “non-required payment.” Section 4236, Internal Revenue Service Examination Tax Shelters Handbook (6-27-85). A similar position is taken by the Service in the Tax Shelter Audit Technique Guidelines. Internal Revenue Service Examination Tax Shelter Handbook.

 

The Service has formally applied its position on prepayments to related parties in Revenue Ruling 80-71. 1980-1 C.B. 106. In this ruling, a subsidiary corporation, which was a general partner in an oil and gas limited partnership, prepaid the partnership’s drilling and completion costs under a turnkey contract entered into with the corporate parent of the general partner. The agreement did not provide for any date for commencing drilling operations and the contractor, which did not own any drilling equipment, was to arrange for the drilling equipment for the wells through subcontractors. Revenue Ruling 71-252, supra , was factually distinguished on the grounds of the business purpose of the transaction, immediate expenditure of prepaid receipts, and completion of the wells within two and one-half months. Rev. Rul. 80-71 found that the prepayment was not made in accordance with customary business practice and held on the facts that the payment was deductible in the tax year that the related general contractor paid the independent subcontractor.

 

However, in Tom B. Dillingham v. United States , 1981-2 USTC paragraph 9601 (D.C. Okla. 1981), the court held that, on the facts before it, a contract between related parties requiring a prepaid IDC did give rise to a deduction in the year paid. In that case, Basin Petroleum Corp. (“Basin”) was the general partner of several drilling partnerships and also served as the partnership operator and general contractor. As general contractor, Basin was to conduct the drilling of the wells at a fixed price on a turnkey basis under an agreement that required payment prior to the end of the year in question. The stated reason for the prepayment


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was to provide Basin with working capital for the drilling of the wells and to temporarily provide funds to Basin for other operations. The agreement required drilling to commence within a reasonable period of time, and all wells were completed within the following year. Some of the wells were drilled by Basin with its own rigs and some were drilled by subcontractors. The court stated:

 

The fact that the owner and contractor is the general partner of the partnership-owner does not change this result where, as here, the Plaintiffs have shown that prepayment was required for a legitimate business purpose and the transaction was not a sham to merely permit Plaintiff to control the timing of the deduction. IRC, Sec. 707(a). Plaintiffs were entitled to rely upon Revenue Ruling 71-252 by reason of Income Tax Regulations 26 C.F.R. Section 601.601(d)(2)(v)(e) . . .

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, no assurance can be given that the Service will not challenge the current deduction of IDC because of the prepayment being made to a related party. If the Service were successful with such challenge, the Partners’ deductions for IDC would be deferred to later years.

 

The timing of the deductibility of prepaid IDC is inherently a factual determination which is to a large extent predicated on future events. The General Partner has represented that the drilling and operating agreements to be entered into with an affiliate of the General Partner by the Partnership will be duly executed by and delivered to such affiliate, the Partnership and the General Partner as attorney-in-fact for the Partners and will govern the drilling, and, if warranted, the completion of each of the Partnership=s wells. Based upon this representation and others included within the opinion and assuming that the drilling and operating agreements will be performed in accordance with their terms, we are of the opinion that the payment for IDC under the drilling and operating agreements, if made in 2005, will be allowable as a deduction in 2005, subject to the other limitations discussed in this opinion. Although the General Partner will attempt to satisfy each requirement of the Service and judicial authority for deductibility of IDC in 2005, no assurance can be given that the Service will not successfully contend that the IDC of a well which is not completed until 2006 are not deductible in whole or in part until 2006


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C. Recapture of IDC

 

IDC which has been deducted is subject to recapture as ordinary income upon certain dispositions (other than by abandonment, gift, death, or tax-free exchange) of an interest in an oil or gas property. IDC previously deducted that is allocable to the property (directly or through the ownership of an interest in a partnership) and which would have been included in the adjusted basis of the property is recaptured to the extent of any gain realized upon the disposition of the property. Treasury Regulations provide that recapture is determined at the partner level (subject to certain anti-abuse provisions). Treas. Reg. Section 1.1254-5(b). Where only a portion of recapture property is disposed of, any IDC related to the entire property is recaptured to the extent of the gain realized on the portion of the property sold. In the case of the disposition of an undivided interest in a property (as opposed to the disposition of a portion of the property), a proportionate part of the IDC with respect to the property is treated as allocable to the transferred undivided interest to the extent of any realized gain. Treas. Reg. Section 1.1254-1(c).

 

DEPLETION DEDUCTIONS

 

The owner of an economic interest in an oil and gas property is entitled to claim the greater of percentage depletion or cost depletion with respect to oil and gas properties which qualify for such depletion methods. In the case of partnerships, the depletion allowance must be computed separately by each partner and not by the partnership. Code Section 613A(c)(7)(D). Notwithstanding this requirement, however, the Partnership, pursuant to Section 3.01(d)(i) of the Partnership Agreement, will compute a “simulated depletion allowance” at the Partnership level, solely for the purposes of maintaining Capital Accounts. Code Sections 613A(d)(2) and 613A(d)(4).

 

Cost depletion for any year is determined by multiplying the number of units ( e.g. , barrels of oil or Mcf of gas) sold during the year by a fraction, the numerator of which is the cost of the mineral interest and the denominator of which is the estimated recoverable units of reserve available as of the beginning of the depletion period. See Treas. Reg. Section 1.611-2(a). In no event can the cost depletion exceed the adjusted basis of the property to which it relates.

 

Percentage depletion is generally available only with respect to the domestic oil and gas production of certain “independent producers.” In order to qualify as an independent producer, the taxpayer, either directly or through certain related parties, may not be involved in the refining of more 50,000 barrels of oil (or equivalent of gas) on any day during the taxable year or in the retail marketing of oil and gas products exceeding $5 million per year in the aggregate.

 

In general, (i) component members of a controlled group of corporations, (ii) corporations, trusts, or estates under common control by the same or related persons and (iii) members of the same family (an individual, his spouse and minor children) are aggregated and treated as one taxpayer in determining the quantity of production (barrels of oil or cubic feet of gas per day) qualifying for percentage depletion under the independent producer’s exemption.


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Code Section 613A(c)(8). No aggregation is required among partners or between a partner and a partnership. An individual taxpayer is related to an entity engaged in refining or retail marketing if he owns 5% or more of such entity. Code Section 613A(d)(3).

 

Percentage depletion is a statutory allowance pursuant to which, under current law, a minimum deduction equal to 15% of the taxpayer’s gross income from the property is allowed in any taxable year, not to exceed (i) 100% of the taxpayer’s taxable income from the property (computed without the allowance for depletion) or (ii) 65% of the taxpayer’s taxable income for the year (computed without regard to percentage depletion and net operating loss and capital loss carrybacks). Code Sections 613(a) and 613A(d)(1). The rate of the percentage depletion deduction will vary with the price of oil. In the case of production from marginal properties, the percentage depletion rate may be increased. Section 613A(c)(6). For purposes of computing the percentage depletion deduction, “gross income from the property” does not include any lease bonus, advance royalty, or other amount payable without regard to production from the property. Code Section 613A(d)(5). Depletion deductions reduce the taxpayer’s adjusted basis in the property. However, unlike cost depletion, deductions under percentage depletion are not limited to the adjusted basis of the property; the percentage depletion amount continues to be allowable as a deduction after the adjusted basis has been reduced to zero.

 

Percentage depletion will be available, if at all, only to the extent that a taxpayer’s average daily production of domestic crude oil or domestic natural gas does not exceed the taxpayer’s depletable oil quantity or depletable natural gas quantity, respectively. Generally, the taxpayer’s depletable oil quantity equals 1,000 barrels and depletable natural gas quantity equals 6,000,000 cubic feet. Code Section 613A(c)(3) and (4). In computing his individual limitation, a Partner will be required to aggregate his share of the Partnership’s oil and gas production with his share of production from all other oil and gas investments. Code Section 613A(c). Taxpayers who have both oil and gas production may allocate the deduction limitation between the two types of production.

 

The availability of depletion, whether cost or percentage, will be determined separately by each Partner. Each Partner must separately keep records of his share of the adjusted basis in an oil or gas property, adjust such share of the adjusted basis for any depletion taken on such property, and use such adjusted basis each year in the computation of his cost depletion or in the computation of his gain or loss on the disposition of such property. These requirements may place an administrative burden on a Partner. For properties placed in service after 1986, depletion deductions, to the extent they reduce the basis of an oil and gas property, are subject to recapture under Section 1254.

 

SINCE THE AVAILABILITY OF PERCENTAGE DEPLETION FOR A PARTNER IS DEPENDENT UPON THE STATUS OF THE PARTNER AS AN INDEPENDENT PRODUCER, WE ARE UNABLE TO RENDER ANY OPINION AS TO THE AVAILABILITY OF PERCENTAGE DEPLETION. EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IS URGED TO CONSULT WITH HIS PERSONAL TAX ADVISOR TO DETERMINE WHETHER PERCENTAGE DEPLETION WOULD BE AVAILABLE TO HIM.


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DEPRECIATION DEDUCTIONS

 

The Partnership will claim depreciation, cost recovery, and amortization deductions with respect to its basis in Partnership Property as permitted by the Code. For most tangible personal property placed in service after December 31, 1986, the “modified accelerated cost recovery system” (“MACRS”) must be used in calculating the cost recovery deductions. Thus, the cost of lease equipment and well equipment, such as casing, tubing, tanks, and pumping units, and the cost of oil or gas pipelines cannot be deducted currently but must be capitalized and recovered under “MACRS.” The cost recovery deduction for most equipment used in domestic oil and gas exploration and production and for most of the tangible personal property used in natural gas gathering systems is calculated using the 200% declining balance method switching to the straight-line method, a seven-year recovery period, and a half-year convention.

 

INTEREST DEDUCTIONS

 

In the Transaction, the Limited Partners will acquire their interests by remitting cash in the amount of $1,000 per Unit to the Partnership (employees of Unit Corporation and its subsidiaries may elect payroll withholding). In no event will the Partnership accept notes in exchange for a Partnership interest. Nevertheless, without any assistance of the General Partner or any of its affiliates, some Partners may choose to borrow the funds necessary to acquire a Unit and may incur interest expense in connection with those loans. Based upon the purely factual nature of any such loans, we are unable to express an opinion with respect to the deductibility of any interest paid or incurred thereon.

 

TRANSACTION FEES

 

The Partnership may classify a portion of the fees or expense reimbursement payments (the “Fees”) to be paid to third parties and to the General Partner or its affiliates as expenses which are deductible as organizational expenses or otherwise. There is no assurance that the Service will allow the deductibility of such expenses and we express no opinion with respect to the allocation of the Fees to deductible and nondeductible items.

 

Generally, expenditures made in connection with the creation of, and with sales of interests in, a partnership will fit within one of several categories.

 

A partnership may elect to amortize and deduct its organizational expenses (as defined in Code Section 709(b)(2) and in Treas. Reg. Section 1.709-2(a)) ratably over a period of not less than 60 months commencing with the month the partnership begins business. Organizational expenses are expenses which (i) are incident to the creation of the partnership, (ii) are chargeable to capital account, and (iii) are of a character which, if expended incident to the creation of a partnership having an ascertainable life, would (but for Code Section 709(a)) be amortized over


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such life. Id . Examples of organizational expenses are legal fees for services incident to the organization of the partnership, such as negotiation and preparation of a partnership agreement, accounting fees for services incident to the organization of the partnership, and filing fees. Treas. Reg. Section 1.709-2(a).

 

Under Code Section 709, no deduction is allowable for “syndication expenses,” examples of which include brokerage fees, registration fees, legal fees of the underwriter or placement agent and the issuer (general partners or the partnership) for securities advice and for advice pertaining to the adequacy of tax disclosures in the Memorandum or private placement memorandum for securities law purposes, printing costs, and other selling or promotional material. These costs must be capitalized. Treas. Reg. Section 1.709-2(b). Payments for services performed in connection with the acquisition of capital assets must be amortized over the useful life of such assets. Code Section 263.

 

Under Code Section 195, no deduction is allowable with respect to “start-up expenditures,” although such expenditures may be capitalized and amortized over a period of not less than 60 months. Start-up expenditures are defined as amounts (i) paid or incurred in connection with (A) investigating the creation or acquisition of an active trade or business, (B) creating an active trade or business, or (C) any activity engaged in for profit and for the production of income before the day on which the active trade or business begins, in anticipation of such activity becoming an active trade or business, and (ii) which, if paid or incurred in connection with the operation of an existing active trade or business (in the same field as the trade or business referred to in (i) above), would be allowable as a deduction for the taxable year in which paid or incurred. Code Section 195(c)(1).

 

The Partnership intends to make expense reimbursement payments to the General Partner, as described in the Memorandum. To be deductible, compensation paid to a general partner must be for services rendered by the partner other than in his capacity as a partner or for compensation determined without regard to partnership income. Fees which are not deductible because they fail to meet this test may be treated as special allocations of income to the recipient partner (see Pratt v. Commissioner , 550 F.2d 1023 (5th Cir. 1977)), and thereby decrease the net loss or increase the net income among all partners.

 

To the extent these expenditures described in the Memorandum are considered syndication costs, they will be nondeductible by the Partnership. To the extent attributable to organization fees (such as the amounts paid for legal services incident to the organization of the Partnership), the expenditures may be amortizable over a period of not less than 60 months, commencing with the month the Partnership begins business, if the Partnership so elects; if no election is made, no deduction is available. Finally, to the extent any portion of the expenditures would be treated as “start-up,” they could be amortized over a 60 month or longer period, provided the proper election was made.

 

Due to the inherently factual nature of the proper allocation of expenses among nondeductible syndication expenses, amortizable organization expenses, amortizable “start-up”


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expenditures, and currently deductible items, and because the issues involve questions concerning both the nature of the services performed and to be performed and the reasonableness of amounts charged, we are unable to express an opinion regarding such treatment. If the Service were to successfully challenge the General Partner’s allocations, a Partner’s taxable income could be increased, thereby resulting in increased taxes and in potential liability for interest and penalties.

 

BASIS AND AT RISK LIMITATIONS

 

A Partner’s share of Partnership losses will not be allowed as a deduction to the extent such share exceeds the amount of the Partner’s adjusted tax basis in his Units. A Partner’s initial adjusted tax basis in his Units will generally be equal to the cash he has invested to purchase his Units. Such adjusted tax basis will generally be increased by (i) additional amounts invested in the Partnership, including his share of net income, (ii) additional capital contributions, if any, and (iii) his share of Partnership borrowings, if any, based on the extent of his economic risk of loss for such borrowings. Such adjusted tax basis will generally be reduced, but not below zero by (i) his share of loss, (ii) his depletion deductions on his share of oil and gas income (until such deductions exhaust his share of the basis of property subject to depletion), (iii) the amount of cash and the adjusted basis of property other than cash distributed to him, and (iv) his share of reduction in the amount of indebtedness previously included in his basis.

 

In addition, Code Section 465 provides, in part, that, if an individual or a closely held C ( i.e. , regularly taxed) corporation engages in any activity to which Code Section 465 applies, any loss from that activity is allowed only to the extent of the aggregate amount with respect to which the taxpayer is “at risk” for such activity at the close of the taxable year. Code Section 465(a)(1). A closely held C corporation is a corporation more than fifty percent (50%) of the stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, at any time during the last half of the taxable year by or for not more than five (5) individuals. Code Sections 465(a)(1)(B), 542(a)(2). For purposes of Code Section 465, a loss is defined as the excess of otherwise allowable deductions attributable to an activity over the income received or accrued from that activity. Code Section 465(d). Any such loss disallowed by Code Section 465 shall be treated as a deduction allocable to the activity in the first succeeding taxable year. Code Section 465(a)(2).

 

Code Section 465(b)(1) provides that a taxpayer will be considered as being “at risk” for an activity with respect to amounts including (i) the amount of money and the adjusted basis of other property contributed by the taxpayer to the activity, and (ii) amounts borrowed with respect to such activity to the extent that the taxpayer (A) is personally liable for the repayment of such amounts, or (B) has pledged property, other than property used in the activity, as security for such borrowed amounts (to the extent of the net fair market value of the taxpayer’s interest in such property). No property can be taken into account as security if such property is directly or indirectly financed by indebtedness that is secured by property used in the activity. Code Section 465(b)(2). Further, amounts borrowed by the taxpayer shall not be taken into account if such amounts are borrowed (i) from any person who has an interest (other than an interest as a creditor) in such activity, or (ii) from a related person to a person (other than the taxpayer) having such an interest. Code Section 465(b)(3).


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Related persons for purposes of Code Section 465(b)(3) are defined to include related persons within the meaning of Code Section 267(b) (which describes relationships between family members, corporations and shareholders, trusts and their grantors, beneficiaries and fiduciaries, and similar relationships), Code Section 707(b)(1) (which describes relationships between partnerships and their partners) and Code Section 52 (which describes relationships between persons engaged in businesses under common control). Code Section 465(b)(3)(C).

 

Finally, no taxpayer is considered at risk with respect to amounts for which the taxpayer is protected against loss through nonrecourse financing, guarantees, stop loss agreements, or other similar arrangements. Code Section 465(b)(4).

 

The Code provides that a taxpayer must recognize taxable income to the extent that his “at risk” amount is reduced below zero. This recaptured income is limited to the sum of the loss deductions previously allowed to the taxpayer, less any amounts previously recaptured. A taxpayer may be allowed a deduction for the recaptured amounts included in his taxable income if and when he increases his amount “at risk” in a subsequent taxable year.

 

The Treasury has published proposed regulations relating to the at risk provisions of Code Section 465. These proposed regulations provide that a taxpayer’s at risk amount will include “personal funds” contributed by the taxpayer to an activity. Prop. Treas. Reg. Section 1.465-22(a). “Personal funds” and “personal assets” are defined in Prop. Treas. Reg. Section 1.465-9(f) as funds and assets which (i) are owned by the taxpayer, (ii) are not acquired through borrowing, and (iii) have a basis equal to their fair market value.

 

In addition to a taxpayer’s amount at risk being increased by the amount of personal funds contributed to the activity, the excess of the taxpayer’s share of all items of income received or accrued from an activity during a taxable year over the taxpayer’s share of allowable deductions from the activity for the year will also increase the amount at risk. Prop. Treas. Reg. Section 1.465-22. A taxpayer’s amount at risk will be decreased by (i) the amount of money withdrawn from the activity by or on behalf of the taxpayer, including distributions from a partnership, and (ii) the amount of loss from the activity allowed as a deduction under Code Section 465(a). Id .

 

The Partners will purchase Units by tendering cash (or payroll deductions) to the Partnership. To the extent the cash contributed constitutes the “personal funds” of the Partners, the Partners should be considered at risk with respect to those amounts. To the extent the cash contributed constitutes “personal funds,” in our opinion, neither the at risk rules nor the adjusted basis rules will limit the deductibility of losses generated from the Partnership.


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PASSIVE LOSS AND CREDIT LIMITATIONS

 

A. Introduction

 

Code Section 469 provides that the deductibility of losses generated from passive activities will be limited for certain taxpayers. The passive activity loss limitations apply to individuals, estates, trusts, and personal service corporations as well as, to a lesser extent, closely held C corporations. Code Section 469(a)(2).

 

The definition of a “passive activity” generally encompasses all rental activities as well as all activities with respect to which the taxpayer does not “materially participate.” Code Section 469(c). Notwithstanding this general rule, however, the term “passive activity” does not include “any working interest in any oil or gas property which the taxpayer holds directly or through an entity which does not limit the liability of the taxpayer with respect to such interest.” Code Section 469(c)(3)(4).

 

A passive activity loss (“PAL”) is defined as the amount (if any) by which the aggregate losses from all passive activities for the taxable year exceed the aggregate income from all passive activities for such year. Code Section 469(d)(1).

 

Classification of an activity as passive will result in the income and expenses generated therefrom being treated as “passive” except to the extent that any of the income is “portfolio” income and except as otherwise provided in regulations. Code Section 469(e)(1)(A). Portfolio income is income from, inter alia , interest, dividends. and royalties not derived in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Income that is neither passive nor portfolio is “net active income.” Code Section 469(e)(2)(B).

 

With respect to the deductibility of PALs, individuals and personal service corporations will be entitled to deduct such amounts only to the extent of their passive income whereas closely held C corporations (other than personal service corporations) can offset PALs against both passive and net active income, but not against portfolio income. Code Section 469(a)(1), (e)(2). In calculating passive income and loss, however, all activities of the taxpayer are aggregated. Code Section 469(d)(1). PALs disallowed as a result of the above rules will be suspended and can be carried forward indefinitely to offset future passive (or passive and active, in the case of a closely held C corporation) income. Code Section 469(b).

 

Upon the disposition of an entire interest in a passive activity in a fully taxable transaction not involving a related party, any passive loss that was suspended by the provisions of the Code Section 469 passive activity rules is deductible from either passive or non-passive income. The deduction must be reduced, however, by the amount of income or gain realized from the activity in previous years.

 

As noted above, a passive activity includes an activity with respect to which the taxpayer does not “materially participate.” A taxpayer will be considered as materially participating in a


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venture only if the taxpayer is involved in the operations of the activity on a “regular, continuous, and substantial” basis. Code Section 469(h)(1). With respect to the determination as to whether a taxpayer’s participation in an activity is material, temporary regulations issued by the Service provide that, except for limited partners in a limited partnership, an individual will be treated as materially participating in an activity if and only if (i) the individual participates in the activity for more than 500 hours during such year, (ii) the individual’s participation in the activity for the taxable year constitutes substantially all of the participation in such activity of all individuals for such year, (iii) the individual participates in the activity for more than 100 hours during the taxable year, and such individual’s participation in such activity is not less than the participation in the activity of any other individual for such year, (iv) the activity is a trade or business activity of the individual, the individual participates in the activity for more than 100 hours during such year, and the individual’s aggregate participation in all significant participation activities of this type during the year exceeds 500 hours, (v) the individual materially participated in the activity for 5 of the last 10 years, or (vi) the activity is a personal service activity and the individual materially participated in the activity for any 3 preceding years. Temp. Treas. Reg. Section 1.469-5T(a).

 

Notwithstanding the above, and except as may be provided in regulations, Code Section 469(h)(2) provides that no limited partnership interest will be treated as an interest with respect to which a taxpayer materially participates. The temporary regulations create several exceptions to this rule and provide that a limited partner will not be treated as not materially participating in an activity of the partnership of which he is a limited partner if the limited partner would be treated as materially participating for the taxable year under paragraph (a)(1), (5), or (6) of Treas. Reg. Section 1.469-5T (as described in (i), (v), and (vi) of the above paragraph) if the individual were not a limited partner for such taxable year. Temp. Treas. Reg. Section 1.469-5T(e). For purposes of this rule, a partnership interest of an individual will not be treated as a limited partnership interest for the taxable year if the individual is an Additional General Partner in the partnership at all times during the partnership’s taxable year ending with or within the individual’s taxable year. Id .

 

B. Limited Partner Interests

 

If an investor invests in the Partnership as a Limited Partner, in our opinion, his distributive share of the Partnership’s losses will be treated as PALs, the availability of which will be limited to his passive income thereon. If the Limited Partner does not have sufficient passive income to utilize the PALs, the disallowed PALs will be suspended and may be carried forward (but not back) to be deducted against passive income arising in future years. Further, upon the complete disposition of the interest to an unrelated party in a fully taxable transaction, such suspended losses will be available, as described above.

 

Regarding Partnership income, Limited Partners should generally be entitled to offset their distributive shares of such income with deductions from other passive activities, except to the extent such Partnership income is portfolio income. Since gross income from interest, dividends, annuities, and royalties not derived in the ordinary course of a trade or business is not


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passive income, a Limited Partner’s share of income from royalties, income from the investment of the Partnership’s working capital, and other items of portfolio income will not be treated as passive income. In addition, Code Section 469(1)(3) grants the Secretary of the Treasury the authority to prescribe regulations requiring net income or gain from a limited partnership or other passive activity to be treated as not from a passive activity.

 

C. Publicly Traded Partnerships

 

Notwithstanding the above, Code Section 469(k) treats net income from PTPs as portfolio income under the PAL rules. Further each partner in a PTP is required to treat any losses from a PTP as separate from income and loss from any other PTP and also as separate from any income or loss from passive activities. Id . Losses attributable to an interest in a PTP that are not allowed under the passive activity rules are suspended and carried forward, as described above. Further, upon a complete taxable disposition of an interest in a PTP, any suspended losses are allowed (as described above with respect to the passive loss rules). As noted above, we have opined that the Partnership will not be a PTP.

 

In the event the Partnership were treated as a PTP, any net income would be treated as portfolio income and each Partner’s loss therefrom would be treated as separate from income and loss from any other PTP and also as separate from any income or loss from passive activities. Since the Partnership should not be treated as a PTP, the provisions of Code Section 469(k), in our opinion, will not apply to the Partners in the manner outlined above prior to the time that such Partnership becomes a PTP. However, unlike the PTP rules of Code Section 7704, the passive activity rules of Code Section 469 do not provide an exception for partnerships that pass the 90% test of Code Section 7704. Accordingly, if the Partnership were to be treated as a PTP under the passive activity rules, passive losses could be used only to offset passive income from the Partnership.

 

ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAX

 

For taxable years beginning after December 31, 1992, Code Section 55 imposes on noncorporate taxpayers a two-tiered, graduated rate schedule for alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) equal to the sum of (i) 26% of so much of the “taxable excess” as does not exceed $175,000, plus (ii) 28% of so much of the “taxable excess” as exceeds $175,000. Code Section 55(b)(1)(A)(i). “Taxable excess” is defined as so much of the alternative minimum taxable income (“AMTI”) for the taxable year as exceeds the exemption amount. Code Section 55(b)(1)(A)(ii). AMTI is generally defined as the taxpayer’s taxable income, increased or decreased by certain adjustments and items of tax preference. Code Section 55(b)(2).

 

The exemption amount for noncorporate taxpayers is (i) $58,000 in the case of a joint return or a surviving spouse, (ii) $40,250 in the case of an individual who is not a married individual or a surviving spouse, and (iii) $29,000 in the case of a married individual who files a separate return or an estate or trust. Such amounts are phased out as a taxpayer’s AMTI increases above certain levels. Code Section 55(d)(1) and (3). Individuals subject to the AMT are


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generally allowed a credit, equal to the portion of the AMT imposed by Code Section 55 arising as a result of deferral preferences for use against the taxpayer’s future regular tax liability (but not the minimum tax liability).

 

Under the AMT provisions, adjustments and items of tax preference that may arise from a Partner’s acquisition of an interest in the Partnership include the following:

 

1. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 1992, taxpayers which do not meet the definition of an integrated oil company as defined in Code Section 291(b)(4) are not subject to the preference item for “excess IDC.” Code Section 57(a)(2)(E)(i). The benefit of the elimination of the preference is limited in any taxable year to an amount equal to 40 percent of the alternative minimum taxable income for the year computed as if the prior law “excess IDC” preference item has not been eliminated. Code Section 57(a)(2)(E)(ii). Excess IDC is defined as the excess of (i) IDC paid or incurred (other than costs incurred in drilling a nonproductive well) with respect to which a deduction is allowable under Code Section 263(c) for the taxable year over (ii) the amount which would have been allowable for the taxable year if such costs had been capitalized and (I) amortized over a 120 month period beginning with the month in which production from such well begins or (II) recovered through cost depletion. Code Section 57(a)(2)(B). However, any portion of the IDC to which an election under Code Section 59(e) applies will not be treated as an item of tax preference under Code Section 57(a). Code Section 59(e)(6). With respect to IDC paid or incurred, corporate and individual taxpayers are allowed to make the Code Section 59(e) election and, for regular tax and AMT purposes, deduct such expenditures over the 60 month period beginning with the month in which such expenditure is paid or incurred. Code Section 59(e)(1).

 

2. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 1992, the preference item for excess depletion is repealed for other than integrated oil companies. Code Section 57(a)(1).

 

3. Each Partner’s AMTI will be increased (or decreased) by the amount by which the depreciation deductions allowable under Code Sections 167 and 168 with respect to such property exceeds (or is less than) the depreciation determined under the alternative depreciation system using the one hundred fifty percent (150%) declining balance method switching to the straight-line method, when that produces a greater deduction, in lieu of the straight-line method otherwise prescribed by the ADS. Code Section 56(a)(1).

 

Due to the inherently factual nature of the applicability of the AMT to a Partner, we are unable to express an opinion with respect to such issues. Due to the potentially significant impact of a purchase of Units on an investor’s tax liability, investors should discuss the implications of an investment in the Partnership on their regular and AMT liabilities with their tax advisors prior to acquiring Units.


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GAIN OR LOSS ON SALE OF PROPERTIES

 

Gain from the sale or other disposition of property is realized to the extent of the excess of the amount realized therefrom over the property’s adjusted basis; conversely, loss is realized in an amount equal to the excess of the property’s adjusted basis over the amount realized from such a disposition. Code Section 1001(a). The amount realized is defined as the sum of any money received plus the fair market value of the property (other than money) received. Code Section 1001(b). Accordingly, upon the sale or other disposition of the Partnership properties, the Partners will realize gain or loss to the extent of their pro rata share of the difference between the Partnership’s adjusted basis in the property at the time of disposition and the amount realized upon disposition. In the absence of nonrecognition provisions, any gain or loss realized will be recognized for federal income tax purposes.

 

Gain or loss recognized upon the disposition of property used in a trade or business and held for more than one year will be treated as long term capital gain or as ordinary loss. Code Section 1231(a). Notwithstanding the above, any gain realized may be taxed as ordinary income under one of several “recapture” provisions of the Code or under the characterization rules relating to “dealers” in personal property.

 

Code Section 1254 generally provides for the recapture of capital gains, arising from the sale of property which was placed in service after 1986, as ordinary income to the extent of the lesser of (i) the gain realized upon sale of the property, or (ii) the sum of (A) all IDC previously deducted and (B) all depletion deductions that reduced the property’s basis. Code Section 1254(a)(1).

 

Ordinary income may also result from the recapture, pursuant to Code Section 1245, of depreciation on the Partnership properties. Such recapture is the amount by which (i) the lower of (A) the recomputed basis of the property, or (B) the amount realized on the sale of the property exceeds (ii) the property’s adjusted basis. Code Section 1245(a)(1). Recomputed basis is generally the property’s adjusted basis increased by depreciation and amortization deductions previously claimed with respect to the property. Code Section 1245(a)(2).

 

GAIN OR LOSS ON SALE OF UNITS

 

It the Units are capital assets in the hands of the Partners, gain or loss realized by any such holders on the sale or other disposition of a Unit will be characterized as capital gain or capital loss. Code Section 1221. Such gain or loss will be a long term capital gain or loss if the Unit is held for more than one year, or a short term capital gain or loss if held for one year or less. However, the portion of the amount realized by a Partner in exchange for a Unit that is attributable to the Partner’s share of the Partnership’s “unrealized receivables” or “substantially appreciated inventory items” will be treated as an amount realized from the sale or exchange of property other than a capital asset. Code Section 751.


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Unrealized receivables are defined in Code Section 751(c) to include “ . . . oil [or] gas . . . property . . . to the extent of the amount which would be treated as gain to which section . . . 1245(a) . . . or 1254(a) would apply if . . . such property had been sold by the partnership at its fair market value.” A sale by the Partnership of the Partnership’s properties could give rise to treatment of the gain thereunder as ordinary income as a result of Code Sections 1245(a) or 1254(a). Accordingly, gain recognized by a Partner on the sale of a Unit would be taxed as ordinary income to the Partner to the extent of his share of the Partnership’s gain on property that would be recaptured, upon sale, under those statutes.

 

Substantially appreciated inventory items are those “inventory items” noted below, the fair market value of which exceeds 120% of the adjusted basis to the partnership of such property, excluding any such inventory property acquired with a principal purpose of avoiding Section 751. Code Section 751(d)(1). Property treated as an “inventory item” for purposes of Code Section 751 includes (i) stock in trade of the partnership or other property of a kind which would properly be included in its inventory if on hand at the end of the taxable year, (ii) property held by the partnership primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of its trade or business, and (iii) any other partnership property which would constitute neither a capital asset nor property used in a trade or business under Code Section 1231. Code Sections 751(d)(2) and 1221(1).

 

Under the aforementioned provisions, a Partner would recognize ordinary income with respect to any deemed sale of assets under Code Section 751; further, this ordinary income may be recognized even if the total amount realized on the sale of a Unit is equal to or less than the Partner’s basis in the Unit.

 

Any partner who sells or exchanges interests in a partnership holding unrealized receivables (which include IDC recapture and other items) or certain inventory items must notify the partnership of such transaction in accordance with Regulations under Code Section 6050K and must attach a statement to his tax return reflecting certain facts regarding the sale or exchange. Regulations promulgated by the Service provide that such notice to the partnership must be given in writing within 30 days of the sale or exchange (or, if earlier, by January 15 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the exchange occurred), and must include names, addresses, and taxpayer identification numbers (if known) of the transferor and transferee and the date of the exchange. Code Section 6721 provides that persons who fail to furnish this information to the partnership will be penalized $50 for each such failure, or, if such failure is due to intentional disregard to the filing requirement, the person will be penalized the greater of (i) $100 or (ii) 10% of the aggregate amount to be reported. Furthermore, a partnership is required to notify the Service of any sale or exchange of interests of which it has notice, and to report the names and addresses of the transferee and the transferor, along with all other required information. The partnership also is required to provide copies of the information it provides to the Service to the transferor and the transferee.


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The tax consequences to an assignee purchaser of a Unit from a Partner are not described herein. Any assignor of a Unit should advise his assignee to consult his own tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of such assignment.

 

PARTNERSHIP DISTRIBUTIONS

 

Under the Code, any increase in a partner’s share of partnership liabilities, or any increase in such partner’s individual liabilities by reason of an assumption by him of partnership liabilities is considered to be a contribution of money by the partner to the partnership. Similarly, any decrease in a partner’s share of partnership liabilities or any decrease in such partner’s individual liabilities by reason of the partnership’s assumption of such individual liabilities will be considered as a distribution of money to the partner by the partnership. Code Section 752(a), (b).

 

The Partners’ adjusted bases in their Units will initially consist of the cash they contribute to the Partnership. Their bases will be increased by their share of Partnership income and additional contributions and decreased by their share of Partnership losses and distributions. To the extent that such actual or constructive distributions are in excess of a Partner’s adjusted basis in his Partnership interest (after adjustment for contributions and his share of income and losses of the Partnership), that excess will generally be treated as gain from the sale of a capital asset. In addition, gain could be recognized to a distributee partner upon the disproportionate distribution to a partner of unrealized receivables, substantially appreciated inventory or, in some cases, Code Section 731(c) marketable securities, i.e., actively traded financial instruments, foreign currencies or interests in certain defined properties.

 

PARTNERSHIP ALLOCATIONS

 

Allocations—General. Generally, a partner’s taxable income is increased or decreased by his ratable share of partnership income or loss. Code Section 701. However, the availability of these losses may be limited by the at risk rules of Code Section 465, the passive activity rules of Code Section 469, and the adjusted basis provisions of Code Section 704(d).

 

Code Section 704(b) provides that if a partnership agreement does not provide for the allocation of each partner’s distributive share of partnership income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit, or if the allocation of such items under the partnership agreement lacks “substantial economic effect,” then each partner’s share of those items must be allocated “in accordance with the partner’s interest in the partnership.”

 

As discussed below, regulations under Code Section 704(b) define substantial economic effect and prescribe the manner in which partners’ capital accounts must be maintained in order for the allocations contained in a partnership agreement to be respected. Notwithstanding these provisions, special rules apply with respect to nonrecourse deductions since, under the Treasury Regulations, allocations of losses or deductions attributable to nonrecourse liabilities cannot have economic effect.


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The Service may contend that the allocations contained in the Partnership Agreement do not have substantial economic effect or are not in accordance with the Partners’ interests in the Partnership and may seek to reallocate these items in a manner that will increase the income or gain or decrease the deductions allocable to a Partner. We are of the opinion that, to the extent provided herein, if challenged by the Service on this matter, the Partners’ distributive shares of Partnership income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit will be determined and allocated substantially in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement and have substantial economic effect.

 

Substantial Economic Effect. Although a partner’s share of partnership income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit is generally determined in accordance with the partnership agreement, this share will be determined in accordance with the partner’s interest in the partnership (determined by taking into account all facts and circumstances) and not by the partnership agreement if the partnership allocations do not have “substantial economic effect” and if the allocations are not respected under the nonrecourse deduction provisions of the regulations. Code Section 704(b); Treas. Reg. Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(i), 1.704-2.

 

Treasury regulations provide that:

 

In order for an allocation to have economic effect, it must be consistent with the underlying economic arrangement of the partners. This means that in the event there is an economic benefit or economic burden that corresponds to an allocation, the partner to whom the allocation is made must receive such economic benefit or bear such economic burden.

 

Treas. Reg. Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii). The Regulations further provide that an allocation will have economic effect only if, throughout the full term of the partnership, the partnership agreement provides (i) for the determination and maintenance of partner’s capital accounts in accordance with specified rules contained therein, (ii) upon liquidation of the partnership or a partner’s interest in the partnership, liquidating distributions are required to be made in accordance with the positive capital account balances of the partners after taking into account all capital account adjustments for the taxable year of the liquidation, and (iii) either (A) a partner with a deficit balance in his capital account following the liquidation is unconditionally obligated to restore the amount of such deficit balance to the partnership by the end of the taxable year of liquidation, or (B) the partnership agreement contains a qualified income offset (“QIO”) provision as provided in Treas. Reg. Section 1.714-1(b)(2)(ii)(d). Treas. Reg. Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(b) and 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d).

 

The capital account maintenance rules generally mandate that each partner’s capital account be increased by (i) money contributed by the partner to the partnership, (ii) the fair market value (net of liabilities) of property contributed by the partner to the partnership, and (iii) allocations to the partner of partnership income and gain. Further, such capital account must be decreased by (i) money distributed to the partner from the partnership, (ii) the fair market value (net of liabilities) of property distributed to the partner from the partnership, and (iii) allocations to the partner of partnership losses and deductions. Treas. Reg. Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv).


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Treas. Reg. Section 1.714-1(b)(2)(iii) provides that an economic effect of an allocation is “substantial” if there is a reasonable possibility that the allocation will affect substantially the dollar amounts to be received by the partners from the partnership, independent of tax consequences. The economic effect of an allocation is not substantial if:

 

at the time the allocation becomes part of the partnership agreement, (1) the after-tax economic consequences of at least one partner may, in present value terms, be enhanced compared to such consequences if the allocation (or allocations) were not contained in the partnership agreement, and (2) there is a strong likelihood that the after-tax economic consequences of no partner will, in present value terms, be substantially diminished compared to such consequences if the allocation (or allocations) were not contained in the partnership agreement. In determining the after-tax economic benefit or detriment to a partner, tax consequences that result from the interaction of the allocation with such partner’s tax attributes that are unrelated to the partnership will be taken into account.

 

Treas. Reg. 1.704-1(b)(2)(iii)(a).

 

While the Service stated that it will not rule on whether an allocation provision in a partnership agreement has substantial economic effect, several Technical Advice Memoranda (“TAMs”) shed light on the Service’s position on such matter. Notwithstanding the potential similarity between TAMs and a taxpayer’s particular fact pattern, it should be noted that TAMs may not be used or cited as precedent. Code Section 6110(j)(3), Treas. Reg. Sections 301.6110-2(a) and -7(b). Nevertheless, TAMs do serve to illustrate the Service’s position on certain specific cases. The TAMs relating to substantial economic effect focus on the tax avoidance purpose of any such above-described allocations and on the partnership plan for distributions upon liquidation. Illustrative of the Service’s approach is TAM 8008054, in which the Service concluded that an allocation to the partners solely of items that the partnership had elected to expense (IDC) had as its principal purpose tax avoidance. The Service suggested that, had the allocation affected the parties’ liquidation rights, the allocation would have had substantial economic effect: “In general, substantial economic effect has been found where all allocations of items of income, gain, loss, deduction or credit increase or decrease the respective capital accounts of the partners and distribution of assets made upon liquidation is made in accordance with capital accounts.” The ruling noted that the investors “should have been allocated their share of costs over the intangible drilling costs.” Id . The question whether economic effect is “substantial” is one of fact which may depend in part on the timing of income and deductions and on consideration of the investors’ tax attributes unrelated to their investment in Units, and thus is not a question upon which a legal opinion can ordinarily be expressed. However, to the extent the tax brackets of all Partners do not differ at the time the allocation becomes part of the partnership agreement, the economic effect of the allocation provisions should be considered to be substantial.


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Code Section 613A(c)(7)(D) requires that the basis of oil and gas properties owned by a partnership be allocated to the partners in accordance with their interests in the capital or income of the partnership. Final Regulations issued under Code Section 613A(c)(7)(D) indicate that such basis must be allocated in accordance with the partners’ interests in the capital of the partnership if their interests in partnership income vary over the life of the partnership for any reason other than for reasons such as the admission of a new partner. Reg. Section 1.613A-3(e)(2). The terms “capital” and “income” are not defined in the Code or in the Regulations under Section 613A. The Treasury Regulations under Code Section 704 indicate that if all partnership allocations of income, gain, loss, and deduction (or items thereof) have substantial economic effect, an allocation of the adjusted basis of an oil or gas property among the partners will be deemed to be made in accordance with the partners’ interests in partnership capital or income and will accordingly be recognized.

 

Pursuant to the Partnership Agreement, (i) allocations will be made as mandated by the Treasury Regulations, (ii) liquidating distributions will be made in accordance with positive capital account balances, and (iii) a “qualified income offset” provision applies. However, while capital will be ultimately owned by the Limited Partners in the Limited Partners’ Percentage and by the General Partner in the General Partner’s Percentage, IDC and other tax items will be allocated 99% to the Limited Partners and 1% to the General Partner until the Limited Partner Capital Contributions are entirely expended and thereafter 100% to the General Partner. Except with respect to those excess allocations, under the Partnership Agreement, the basis in oil and gas properties will be allocated in proportion to each Partner’s respective share of the costs which entered into the Partnership’s adjusted basis for each depletable property. Such allocations of basis appear reasonable and in compliance with the Treasury Regulations under Section 704. Nevertheless, the Service may contend that the allocation to the Limited Partners of a percentage of Partnership IDC in excess of the Limited Partners’ Percentage or the allocation to the General Partner of other tax items in excess of the General Partner’s Percentage is invalid and may reallocate such excess IDC or other items to the other Partners. Any such reallocation could increase a Limited Partner’s tax liability. However, no assurance can be given, and we are unable to express an opinion, as to whether any special allocation of an item which is dependent upon basis in an oil and gas property will be recognized by the Service.

 

Nonrecourse Deductions. As noted above, an allocation of loss or deduction attributable to nonrecourse liabilities of a partnership cannot have economic effect because only the creditor bears the economic burden that corresponds to such an allocation. Nevertheless the Temporary Regulations provide a test under which certain allocations of nonrecourse deductions will be deemed to be in accordance with the partners’ interests in the partnership.

 

Nonrecourse deduction allocations will be deemed to be made in accordance with partners partnership interests if, and only if, four requirements are satisfied. First, the partners’ capital accounts must be maintained properly and the distribution of liquidation proceeds must be in accordance with the partners’ capital account balances. Second, beginning in the first taxable year in which there are nonrecourse deductions, and thereafter throughout the full term of


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the partnership, the partnership agreement must provide for allocation of nonrecourse deductions among the partners in a manner that is reasonably consistent with allocations which have substantial economic effect of some other significant partnership item attributable to the property securing nonrecourse liabilities of the partnership. Third, beginning in the first taxable year of the partnership in which the partnership has nonrecourse deductions or makes a distribution of proceeds of a nonrecourse liability that are allocable to an increase in minimum gain, and thereafter throughout the full term of the partnership, the partnership agreement must contain a “minimum gain chargeback.” A partnership agreement contains a “minimum gain chargeback” if, and only if, it provides that, subject to certain exceptions, in the event there is a net decrease in partnership minimum gain during a partnership taxable year, the partners must be allocated items of partnership income and gain for that year equal to each partner’s share of the net decrease in partnership minimum gain during such year. A partner’s share of the net decrease in partnership minimum gain is the amount of the total net decrease multiplied by the partner’s percentage share of the partnership’s minimum gain at the end of the immediately preceding taxable year. A partner’s share of any decrease in partnership minimum gain resulting from a revaluation of partnership property (which would not cause a minimum gain chargeback) equals the increase in the partner’s capital account attributable to the revaluation to the extent the reduction in minimum gain is caused by such revaluation. Similar rules apply with regard to partner nonrecourse liabilities and associated deductions. The fourth requirement of the nonrecourse allocation test provides that all other material allocations and capital account adjustments under the partnership agreement must be recognized under the general allocation requirements of the regulations under IRC Section 704(b).

 

Under the Treasury Regulations, partners generally share nonrecourse liabilities in accordance with their interests in partnership profits. However, the Treasury Regulations generally require that nonrecourse liabilities be allocated among the partners first to reflect the partners’ share of minimum gain and Code Section 704(c) minimum gain. Any remaining nonrecourse liabilities are generally to be allocated in proportion to the partners’ interests in partnership profits.

 

The Partnership Agreement contains a minimum gain chargeback. Further, the Partnership Agreement provides for the allocation of nonrecourse liabilities and deductions attributable thereto among the Partners first, in accordance with their respective shares of partnership minimum gain (within the meaning of Regulation Section 1.704-2(b)(2)); second, to the extent of each such Partner’s gain under Code Section 704(c) if the Partnership were to dispose of (in a taxable transaction) all Partnership property subject to one or more nonrecourse liabilities of the Partnership in full satisfaction of such liabilities and for no other consideration; and third, in accordance with the Partners’ proportionate shares in the Partnership’s profits. Regulation Section 1.752-3. For this purpose, the Partnership Agreement provides for the allocation of excess nonrecourse deductions in the Limited Partners’ Percentage to the Limited Partners and in the General Partner’s Percentage to the General Partner.

 

Retroactive Allocations. To prevent retroactive allocations of partnership tax attributes to partners entering into a partnership late in the tax year, Code Section 706(d) provides that a


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partner’s distributive share of such attributes is to be determined by the use of methods prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury which take into account the varying interests of the partners during the taxable year. The Partnership Agreement provides that each Partner’s allocation of tax items other than “allocable cash basis items” is to be determined under a method permitted by Code Section 706(d) and the regulations thereunder.

 

PROFIT MOTIVE

 

The existence of economic, non-tax motives for entering into the Transaction is essential if the Partners are to obtain the tax benefits associated with an investment in the Partnership.

 

Code Section 183(a) provides that where an activity entered into by an individual is not engaged in for profit, no deduction attributable to that activity will be allowed except as provided therein. Should it be determined that a Partner’s activities with respect to the Transaction fall within the “not for profit” ambit of Code Section 183, the Service could disallow all or a portion of the deductions and credits generated by the Partnership’s activities.

 

Code Section 183(d) generally provides for a presumption that an activity is entered into for profit within the meaning of the statute where gross income from the activity exceeds the deductions attributable to such activity for three or more of the five consecutive taxable years ending with the taxable year in question. At the taxpayer’s election, such presumption can relate to three or more of the taxable years in the 5-year period beginning with the taxable year in which the taxpayer first engages in the activity. Whether an activity is engaged in for profit is determined under Code Sections 162 (relating to trade or business deductions) and 212(1) and (2) (relating to income producing deductions) except insofar as the above-described presumption applies. Treas. Reg. Section 1.183-1(a).

 

To establish that he is engaged in either a trade or business or an income producing activity, a Partner must be able to prove that he is engaged in the Transaction with an “actual and honest profit objective,” Fox v. Commissioner , 80 T.C. 972, 1006 (1983), aff’d sub nom., Barnard v. Commissioner , 731 F.2d 230 (4th Cir. 1984), and that his profit objective is bona fide. Bessenyey v. Commissioner , 45 T.C. 261, 274 (1965), aff’d , 379 F.2d 252 (2d Cir. 1967), cert. denied , 389 U.S. 931 (1967). The inquiry turns on whether the primary purpose and intention of the Partner in engaging in the activity is, in fact, to make a profit apart from tax considerations. Hager v. Commissioner , 76 T.C. 759, 784. Such objective need not be reasonable, only honest, and the question of objective is to be determined from all the facts and circumstances. Sutton v. Commissioner , 84 T.C. 210 (1985), aff’d , 788 F.2d 695 (11th Cir. 1986). Among the factors that will normally be considered are: (i) the manner in which the taxpayer carries on the activity, (ii) the expertise of the taxpayer or his advisors, (iii) the time and effort expended by the taxpayer in carrying on the activity, (iv) whether an expectation exists that the assets used in the activity may appreciate in value, (v) the success of the taxpayer in carrying on similar or dissimilar activities, (vi) the taxpayer’s history of income or losses with respect to the activity, (vii) the amount of occasional profits, if any, which are earned, and (viii) the financial status of the taxpayer. Treas. Reg. Section 1.183-2(b). Where application of


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such factors to a particular activity is difficult, however, the Court will consider the totality of the circumstances instead. Estate of Baron v. Commissioner , 83 T.C. 542 (1984), aff’d 798 F.2d 65 (2d Cir. 1986).

 

As noted, the issue is one of fact to be resolved not on the basis of any one factor but on the basis of all the facts and circumstances. Treas. Reg. Section 1.183-2(b). Greater weight is given to objective facts than the parties’ mere statements of their intent. Siegel v. Commissioner , 78 T.C. 659, Engdahl v. Commissioner , 72 T.C. 659 (1979). Nevertheless, the Courts have recognized, in applying Code Section 183, that “a taxpayer has the right to engage in a venture which has economic substance even though his motivation in the early years of the venture may have been to obtain a deduction to offset taxable income.” Lemmen v. Commissioner , 77 T.C. 1326, 1346 (1981), acq ., 1983-1 C.B. 1.

 

Due to the inherently factual nature of a Partner’s intent and motive in engaging in the Transaction, we do not express an opinion as to the ultimate resolution of this issue in the event of a challenge by the Service. Partners must, however, seek to make a profit from their activities with respect to the Transaction beyond any tax benefits derived from those activities or risk losing those tax benefits.

 

TAX AUDITS

 

Subchapter C of Chapter 63 of the Code provides that administrative proceedings for the assessment and collection of tax deficiencies attributable to a partnership must be conducted at the partnership, rather than the partner, level. Partners will be required to treat Partnership items of income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit in a manner consistent with the treatment of each such item on the Partnership’s returns unless such Partner files a statement with the Service identifying the inconsistency. If the Partnership is audited, the tax treatment of each item will be determined at the Partnership level in a unified partnership proceeding. Conforming adjustments to the Partners’ own returns will then occur unless such partner can establish a basis for inconsistent treatment (subject to waiver by the Service).

 

The General Partner will be designated the “tax matters partner” (“TMP”) for the Partnership and will receive notice of the commencement of a Partnership proceeding and notice of any administrative adjustments of Partnership items. The TMP is entitled to invoke judicial review of administrative determinations and to extend the period of limitations for assessment of adjustments attributable to Partnership items. Each Partner will receive notice of the administrative proceedings from the TMP and will have the right to participate in the administrative proceeding pursuant to tax requirements of Treasury Regulation Section 301.6223(g) unless the Partner waives such rights.

 

The Code provides that, subject to waiver, partners will receive notice of the administrative proceedings from the Service and will have the right to participate in the administrative proceedings. However, the Code also provides that if a partnership has 100 or more partners, the partners with less than a 1% profits interest will not be entitled to receive


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notice from the Service or participate in the proceedings unless they are members of a “notice group” (a group of partners having in the aggregate a 5% or more profits interest in the partnership that requires the Service to send notice to the group and that designates one of their members to receive notice). Any settlement agreement entered into between the Service and one or more of the partners will be binding on such partners but will not be binding on the other partners, except that settlement by the TMP may be binding on certain partners, as described below. The Service must, on request, offer consistent settlement terms to the partners who had not entered into the earlier settlement agreement. If a partnership has more than 100 partners, the TMP is empowered under the Code to enter into binding settlement agreements on behalf of the partners with a less than 1% profits interest unless the partner is a member of a notice group or notifies the Service that the TMP does not have the authority to bind the partner in such a settlement.

 

The costs incurred by a Partner in responding to an administrative proceeding will be borne solely by such Partner.

 

PENALTIES

 

Under IRC Section 6662, a taxpayer will be assessed a penalty equal to twenty percent (20%) of the portion of an underpayment of tax attributable to negligence, disregard of a rule or regulation or a substantial understatement of tax. “Negligence” includes any failure to make a reasonable attempt to comply with the tax laws. IRC Section 6662(c). The regulations further provide that a position with respect to an item is attributable to negligence if it lacks a reasonable basis. Treas. Reg. Section 1.6662-3(b)(1). Negligence is strongly indicated where, for example, a partner fails to comply with the requirements of IRC Section 6662, which requires that a partner treat partnership items on its return in a manner that is consistent with the treatment of such items on the partnership return. Treas. Reg. Section 1.6662-3(b)(1)(iii). The term “disregard” includes any careless, reckless or intentional disregard of rules or regulations. Treas. Reg. Section 1.6662-3(b)(2). A taxpayer who takes a position contrary to a revenue ruling or a notice will be subject to a penalty for intentional disregard if the contrary position fails to possess a realistic possibility of being sustained on its merits. Treas. Reg. Section 1.6562-3(b)(2). An “understatement” is defined as the excess of the amount of tax required to be shown on the return of the taxable year over the amount of the tax imposed that is actually shown on the return, reduced by any rebate. IRC Section 6662(d)(2)(A). An understatement is “substantial” if it exceeds the greater of ten percent (10%) of the tax required to be shown on the return for the taxable year or $5,000 ($10,000 in the case of certain corporations). IRC Section 6662(d)(1)(A) and (B).

 

Generally, for tax returns with due dates (determined without regard to extensions) after December 31, 1993, the amount of an understatement is reduced by the portion thereof attributable to (i) the tax treatment of any item by the taxpayer if there is or was substantial authority for such treatment, or (ii) any item if the relevant facts affecting the item’s tax treatment are adequately disclosed in the return or in a statement attached to the return, and there is a reasonable basis for the tax treatment of such item by the taxpayer. IRC Section 6662(d).


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Disclosure will generally be adequate if made on a properly completed Form 8275 (Disclosure Statement) or Form 8275R (Regulation Disclosure Statement). Treas. Reg. Section 1.6662-4(f). However, in the case of “tax shelters,” there will be a reduction of the understatement only to the extent it is attributable to the treatment of an item by the taxpayer with respect to which there is or was substantial authority for such treatment and only if the taxpayer reasonably believed that the treatment of such item by the taxpayer was more likely than not the proper treatment. Moreover, under the Uruguay Round Table Agreements Act, a corporation must generally satisfy a higher standard to avoid a substantial understatement penalty in the case of a tax shelter. IRC Section 6662(d)(2)(C)(ii). The term “tax shelter” is defined for purposes of Code Section 6662 as a partnership or other entity, any investment plan or arrangement, or any other plan or arrangement, the principal purpose of which is the avoidance or evasion of federal income tax. IRC Section 6662(d)(2)(C)(ii). It is important to note that this definition of “tax shelter” differs from that contained in Code Sections 461 and 6111, as discussed above. A tax shelter item includes an item of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit that is directly or indirectly attributable to a partnership that is formed for the principal purpose of avoiding or evading federal income tax. The existence of substantial authority is determined as of the time the taxpayer’s return is filed or on the last day of the taxable year to which the return relates and not when the investment is made. Treas. Reg. Section 1.6662-4(d)(3)(iv)(C). Substantial authority exists if the weight of authorities supporting a position is substantial compared with the weight of authorities supporting contrary treatment. Treas. Reg. Section 1.6662-4(d)(3)(i). Relevant authorities include statutes, Regulations, court cases, revenue rulings and procedures, and Congressional intent. However, among other things, conclusions reached in legal opinions are not considered authority. Treas. Reg. Section 1.6662-4(d)(3)(iii). The Secretary may waive all or a portion of the penalty imposed under Code Section 6662 upon a showing by the taxpayer that there was reasonable cause for the understatement and that the taxpayer acted in good faith. IRC Section 6664(d).

 

Although not anticipated by the General Partner, there may not be substantial authority for one or more reporting positions that the Partnership may take in its federal income tax returns. In such event, if the Partnership does not disclose or if it fails to adequately disclose any such position, or if such disclosure is deemed adequate but it is determined that there was no reasonable basis for the tax treatment of such a partnership item, the penalty will be imposed with respect to any substantial understatement determined to have been made, unless the provisions of the Treasury Regulations pertaining to waiver of the penalty become final and the Partnership is able to show reasonable cause and good faith in making the understatement as specified in such provisions. If the Partnership makes a disclosure for the purposes of avoiding the penalty, the disclosure is likely to result in an audit of such return and a challenge by the Service of such position taken.

 

If it were determined that a Partner had underpaid tax for any taxable year, such Partner would have to pay the amount of underpayment plus interest on the underpayment from the date the tax was originally due. The interest rate on underpayments is determined by the Service based upon the federal short term rate of interest (as defined in Code Section 1274(d)) plus 3%, or 5% for large corporate underpayments, and is compounded daily. The rate of interest is


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adjusted monthly. In addition, Temporary Regulations provide that tax motivated transactions include, among other items, certain overstatements of the value of property on a return, losses disallowed by reason of the at-risk limitation any use of an accounting method that may result in a substantial distortion of income for any period, and any deduction disallowed for an activity not entered into for profit. Although definitive Treasury Regulations have not been promulgated the determination of those transactions to be considered “tax-motivated transactions” is to be made by taking into account the ratio of tax benefits to cash invested, the method of promoting the transaction, and other relevant transactions. Thus, in the event an audit of the Partnership’s or of a Partner’s tax return results in a substantial underpayment of tax by such Partner due to an investment in the Units, such Partner may be required to pay interest on such underpayment determined at the higher interest rate.

 

A partnership, for federal income tax purposes, is required to file an annual informational tax return. The failure to properly file such a return in a timely fashion, or the failure to show on such return all information under the Code to be shown on such return, unless such failure is due to reasonable cause, subjects the partnership to civil penalties under the Code in an amount equal to $50 per month multiplied by the number of partners in the partnership, up to a maximum of $250 per partner per year. In addition, upon any willful failure to file a partnership information return, a fine or other criminal penalty may be imposed on the party responsible for filing the return.

 

ACCOUNTING METHODS AND PERIODS

 

The Partnership will use the accrual method of accounting and will select the calendar year as its taxable year.

 

As discussed above, a taxpayer using the accrual method of accounting will recognize income when all events have occurred which fix the right to receive such income and the amount thereof can be determined with reasonable accuracy. Deductions will be recognized when all events which establish liability have occurred and the amount thereof can be determined with reasonable accuracy. However, all events which establish liability are not treated as having occurred prior to the time that economic performance occurs. Code Section 461(h).

 

All partnerships are required to conform their tax years to those of their owners; i.e., unless the partnership establishes a business purpose for a different tax year, the tax year of a partnership must be (i) the taxable year of one or more of its partners who have an aggregate interest in partnership profits and capital of greater than 50%, (ii) if there is no taxable year so described, the taxable year of all partners having interests of 5% or more in partnership profits or capital, or (iii) if there is no taxable year described in (i) or (ii), the calendar year. Code Section 706. Until the taxable years of the Partners can be identified, no assurance can be given that the Service will permit the Partnership to adopt a calendar year.


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STATE AND LOCAL TAXES

 

The opinions expressed herein are limited to issues of federal income tax law and do not address issues of state or local law. Investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the impact of state and local laws on an investment in the Partnership.

 

PROPOSED LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS

 

There can be no assurances that subsequent changes in the tax laws (through new legislation, court decisions, Service pronouncements, Treasury regulations, or otherwise) will or will not occur that may have an impact, adverse or positive, on the tax effect and consequences of this Transaction, as described above.

 

We express no opinion as to any federal income tax issue or other matter except those set forth or confirmed above.

 

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as Exhibit B to the Memorandum and to all references to our firm in the Memorandum.

 

Sincerely,

 

Conner & Winters, P.C.

Exhibit 21

 

SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT

 

Subsidiary


   State or
Province of
Incorporation


   Percentage
Owned


 

Unit Drilling Company

   Oklahoma    100 %

Unit Petroleum Company

   Oklahoma    100 %

Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C.

   Oklahoma    100 %

Exhibit 23.1

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (File No.’s 333-83551, 333-99979 and 333-104165) and Form S-8 (File No.’s 33-19652, 33-44103, 33-49724, 33-53542, 33-64323, 333-38166 and 333-39584) of Unit Corporation, of our report dated March 14, 2005 relating to the financial statements, financial statement schedule, management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10-K.

 

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

 

Tulsa, Oklahoma

March 14, 2005

Exhibit 23.2

 

CONSENT OF RYDER SCOTT COMPANY, L.P.

 

We consent to incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements (File Nos. 333-683551, 333-99979, 333-104165) on Form S-3, and the Registration Statements (File Nos. 33-19652, 33-44103, 33-64323, 333-39584, 33-49724, 333-38166 and 33-53542) on Form S-8 of Unit Corporation of the reference to our reports for Unit Corporation, which appears in the December 31, 2004 annual report on Form 10-K of Unit Corporation.

 

/s/ Ryder Scott Company, L.P.

 

RYDER SCOTT COMPANY, L.P.

 

Houston, Texas

March 14, 2005

Exhibit 31.1

 

302 CERTIFICATION

 

I, John G. Nikkel, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Unit Corporation;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:

 

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the company’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: March 14, 2005

 

/s/    J OHN G. N IKKEL        
John G. Nikkel
Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2

 

302 CERTIFICATION

 

I, David T. Merrill, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Unit Corporation;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:

 

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the company’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: March 14, 2005

 

/s/    D AVID T. M ERRILL        
David T. Merrill
Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 32.1

 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 (SUBSECTIONS (A)AND (B) OF SECTION 1350, CHAPTER 63 OF TITLE 18,

UNITED STATES CODE)

 

Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code), each of the undersigned officers of Unit Corporation a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), does hereby certify, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

 

The Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004 (the “Form 10-K”) of the Company fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and information contained in the Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 and for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002.

 

Dated: March 14, 2005
By:   /s/    J OHN G. N IKKEL        
    John G. Nikkel
    Chief Executive Officer

 

Dated: March 14, 2005
By:   /s/    D AVID T. M ERRILL        
    David T. Merrill
    Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

 

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code) and is not being filed as part of the Form 10-K or as a separate disclosure document.

 

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to Unit Corporation and will be retained by Unit Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff on request.