Table of Contents

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 23, 2005

Registration No. 333-117367


 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 


 

Post-Effective

Amendment No. 1

to

FORM S-11

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

Under

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 


 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Governing Instruments)

 


 

326 Third Street

Lakewood, New Jersey 08701

(Address, Including Zip Code and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

 


 

David Lichtenstein

c/o The Lightstone Group

326 Third Street

Lakewood, New Jersey 08701

(732) 367-0129

(Name and Address, Including Zip Code and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)

 


 

With a Copy to:

Peter M. Fass, Esq.

Proskauer Rose LLP

1585 Broadway

New York, New York 10036-8299

(212) 969-3000

 



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Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)

Registration No. 333-117367

1,000,000 shares of common stock—minimum offering

30,000,000 shares of common stock—maximum offering

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

 


 

$10.00 PER SHARE Minimum Initial Purchase—100 Shares

(300 shares for tax-exempt entities)

 

We are offering up to 30,000,000 shares of common stock to investors who meet our suitability standards and up to 4,000,000 shares of common stock to participants in our distribution reinvestment plan. Pursuant to a Warrant Purchase Agreement, we may issue to our affiliate, Lightstone Securities, LLC, warrants to purchase 600,000 shares, which warrants will be transferred to the participating broker-dealers. We are registering these 600,000 warrants for sale as soliciting dealer warrants, as well as 600,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of those warrants.

 

Investing in us involves a high degree of risk. See “ Risk Factors ” beginning on page 24 for a discussion of the risks which should be considered in connection with your investment in our common stock. Some of these risks include:

 

    We do not currently own any properties, we have not identified any properties to acquire with the offering proceeds and we have no operating history or established financing sources;

 

    No public market currently exists for our shares of common stock, no public market for those shares may ever exist and our shares are illiquid;

 

    There are substantial conflicts between the interests of our investors, our interests and the interests of our advisor, sponsor and our respective affiliates regarding affiliate compensation, investment opportunities and management resources because David Lichtenstein, the Chairman of our board of directors and our Chief Executive Officer, is the sole owner of our sponsor, our advisor and our property manager. We may purchase properties from the advisor or its affiliates; the sponsor and advisor may compete with us and acquire properties that suit our investment objectives; we have no employees that do not also work for our sponsor or advisor and the advisor is not obligated to devote any fixed, minimum amount of time or effort to management of our operations;

 

    We may maintain a level of leverage as high as 300% of our net assets, as permitted under our charter;
    There are limitations on ownership and transferability of our shares that prohibit five or fewer individuals from beneficially owning more than 50% of our outstanding shares during the last half of each taxable year and, subject to exceptions, restrict any person from beneficially owning more than 9.8% in value of our aggregate outstanding stock or more than 9.8% in number of shares or value of our common stock;

 

    Our investment policies and strategies may be changed without stockholder consent;

 

    We are obligated to pay substantial fees to our advisor and its affiliates, including fees payable upon the sale of properties, and our incentive advisor fee structure may result in our advisor recommending riskier or more speculative investments;

 

    We may make distributions that include a return of principal and may need to borrow to make these distributions;

 

    We are not yet a REIT and may be unable to qualify as a REIT; and

 

    These are speculative securities and this investment involves a high degree of risk. You should purchase these securities only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment.

 

This offering will end no later than April 22, 2006, unless we elect to extend it to a date no later than April 22, 2007 in states that permit us to make this 1-year extension. We will deposit subscription payments in an escrow account held by the escrow agent, Trust Company of America, and a minimum of 1,000,000 shares of common stock must be sold within that time or we will terminate this offering and we will promptly return your subscription payments with your pro rata share of the interest earned on such funds in accordance with the provisions of the escrow agreement. If a refund is made because of a failure to achieve the minimum offering, The Lightstone Group will pay any escrow fees and no amounts will be deducted from the escrow funds. If we do achieve the minimum offering, we will return all interest earned on proceeds in the escrow account prior to achieving the minimum offering and completing our initial issuance of shares to subscribers. Neither the 600,000 warrants nor the shares of common stock issuable upon their exercise that we are registering will be counted in determining whether we have achieved the minimum offering.

 

The dealer manager of the offering, Lightstone Securities, LLC is not required to sell a specific number or dollar amount of shares but will use its best efforts to sell 30,000,000 of our shares.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

The use of forecasts in this offering is prohibited. Any representation to the contrary and any predictions, written or oral, as to the amount or certainty of any present or future cash benefit or tax consequence which may flow from an investment in us is not permitted.

 


     Per share     Min. Offering    Max. Offering

Public offering price

   $ 10.00 (1)   $ 10,000,000    $ 300,000,000

Selling commissions(2)

   $ —         —        —  

Dealer Manager Fee(2)

   $ —         —        —  

Proceeds, before expenses, to us

   $ 10.00     $ 10,000,000    $ 300,000,000

(1) The offering price per share of common stock issuable pursuant to our distribution reinvestment program is initially $9.50.
(2) All dealer manager fees, selling commissions and organization and offering expenses will be paid for with the proceeds of our sale to Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor, of special general partner interests from Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, our operating partnership. Distributions with respect to these special general partner interests will be made only after stockholders have received a stated preferred return.

 

PROSPECTUS DATED May 23, 2005


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SUITABILITY STANDARDS

 

Because an investment in our common stock is risky and is a long-term investment, it is suitable and appropriate for you only if you have adequate financial means to make this investment, you have no immediate need for liquidity in your investment and you can bear the loss of your investment.

 

Therefore, we have established financial suitability standards for investors who purchase shares of our common stock, which we sometimes refer to as the “shares.” In addition, residents of some states must meet higher suitability standards under state law. These standards require you to meet the applicable criteria below. In determining your net worth, do not include your home, home furnishings or your automobile.

 

General Standards for all Investors

 

    The investor has either (i) a net worth of at least $150,000, or, (ii) an annual gross income of $45,000 and a minimum net worth of $45,000.

 

Standards for investors from Arizona, California, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Mexico, North Carolina, Tennessee and Texas

 

    The investor has either (i) a net worth of at least $60,000 and an annual gross income of at least $60,000, or (ii) a net worth of at least $225,000.

 

Standards for investors from Maine

 

    The investor has either (i) a net worth of at least $50,000 and an annual gross income of at least $50,000, or (ii) a net worth of at least $200,000.

 

Standards for investors from Kansas and Missouri

 

    the investor (i) invests no more than 10% of the investor’s net worth in us and (ii) has either (a) a net worth of at least $60,000 and an annual gross income of at least $60,000, or (b) a net worth of at least $225,000.

 

Standards for investors from New Hampshire

 

    The investor has either (i) a net worth of at least $125,000 and an annual gross income of at least $50,000, or (ii) a net worth of at least $250,000.

 

Standards for the investors from Ohio and Pennsylvania

 

    The investor has (i) a net worth of at least ten times the investor’s investment in us; and (ii) either (a) a net worth of at least $45,000 and an annual gross income of at least $45,000, or (b) a net worth of at least $150,000.

 

Pennsylvania investors: Because the minimum offering is less than $20,000,000, you are cautioned to carefully evaluate the program’s ability to fully accomplish its stated objectives and to inquire as to the current dollar volume of program subscriptions.

 

The foregoing suitability standards must be met by the investor who purchases the shares. In the case of sales to fiduciary accounts, these minimum standards must be met by the beneficiary, the fiduciary account, or by the donor or grantor who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase the common stock if the donor or the grantor is the fiduciary. Investors with investment discretion over assets of an employee benefit plan covered by ERISA should carefully review the information in the section entitled “ERISA Considerations.”

 

In the case of gifts to minors, the suitability standards must be met by the custodian of the account or by the donor.

 

In order to ensure adherence to the suitability standards described above, requisite criteria must be met, as set forth in the subscription agreement in the form attached hereto as Appendix C. In addition, our sponsor, our dealer manager and the soliciting dealers, as our agents, must make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of our shares is a suitable and appropriate investment for an investor. In making this determination, the soliciting dealers will rely on relevant information provided by the investor, including information as to the investor’s age, investment objectives, investment experience, income, net worth, financial situation, other investments, and any other pertinent information. Executed subscription agreements will be maintained in our records for six years.


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LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

 

The date of this Prospectus is April 22, 2005

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

   1

Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.

   1

The types of real estate that we plan to acquire and manage

   1

Our sponsor, promoters, advisor, dealer manager, property manager and operating partnership

   1

Our Structure

   3

Summary Risk Factors

   4

Conflicts of interest

   4

Factors used to determine offering price

   5

Estimated use of proceeds

   5

Primary business objectives and strategies

   6

Distribution Reinvestment and Share Repurchase Programs

   7

Acquisition Strategy

   7

Financing Strategy

   8

Operations

   9

Terms of the offering

   10

Suitability Standards

   10

Shares currently outstanding

   10

Distributions

   10

Is an investment in us appropriate for you?

   11

Compensation Table

   12

Distribution Chart

   23

RISK FACTORS

   24

Risks Related to the Offering and the Common Stock

   24

Conflicts of Interest

   27

Risks Related to our Organization, Structure and Management

   29

Management and Policy Changes

   30

Limitations on Liability and Indemnification

   31

Risks Associated with our Properties and the Market

   33

Real Estate Investment Risks

   33

Operating risks

   33

Retail industry risks

   39

Residential industry risks

   40

Real Estate Financing Risks

   40

General Financing Risks

   40

Financing Risks on the Property Level

   42

Insurance Risks

   42

Compliance with Laws.

   43

Risks Related to General Economic Conditions and Terrorism

   45

Tax Risks

   46

Employee Benefit Plan Risks

   47

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

   49

HOW WE OPERATE

   50

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

   52

COMPENSATION TABLE

   56

Nonsubordinated Payments

   56

 

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Subordinated Payments

   61

Compensation to Officers and Directors

   65

Distribution Chart

   65

ESTIMATED USE OF PROCEEDS

   67

PRIOR PERFORMANCE OF AFFILIATES OF OUR SPONSOR

   69

Prior Performance Summary

   69

Our Sponsor

   69

Adverse Business Developments

   70

Three Year Summary of Acquisitions

   70

Additional Information on Programs

   71

Undertakings

   71

MANAGEMENT

   72

Our Affiliated Companies

   72

Overview

   72

Our General Management

   72

Our Directors and Executive Officers

   72

Committees of Our Board of Directors

   75

Compensation of Directors

   77

Compensation of Officers

   77

Stock Option Plan

   77

Corporate Governance

   77

Our Advisor

   78

Our Advisory Agreement

   78

The Property Manager and the Management Agreement

   82

Lightstone Securities, LLC

   82

Lightstone SLP, LLC

   83

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS AND OUR ADVISOR

   84

PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

   86

OUR STRUCTURE AND FORMATION

   87

Structure

   87

Benefits of the UPREIT Structure

   88

Affiliates

   88

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

   89

COMPETITION

   90

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

   91

General

   91

Diversification

   91

Sources of Investment Opportunities

   91

Real Estate Investments

   92

Money Market Investments

   92

Reserve and Cash and Cash Equivalents

   92

Reserves

   92

Acquisition Strategy

   93

Financing Strategy

   94

Operations

   94

Distributions

   95

 

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Table of Contents

Property Acquisition Standards

   96

Description of Leases

   97

Property Acquisition Structure

   97

Borrowing

   98

Sale or Disposition of Properties

   99

Loans

   99

Change in Investment Objectives and Policies

   100

Investment Limitations

   100

Appraisals

   101

Return of Uninvested Proceeds

   101

Liquidation, Listing, Sale of Properties or Merger

   102

Joint Ventures and Preferred Equity Investments

   102

Other Policies

   103

Regulatory Aspects of Our Investment Strategy

   104

REAL PROPERTY INVESTMENTS

   105

General

   105

Insurance Coverage on Properties

   105

Environmental Matters

   105

Regulatory Matters

   106

CAPITALIZATION

   107

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF OUR FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION

   108

Overview

   108

Liquidity

   108

Results of Operations

   110

Capital Resources

   110

Impact of Accounting Principles

   110

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

   112

Authorized Stock

   112

Common Stock

   112

Soliciting Dealer Warrants

   113

Preferred Stock

   113

Issuance of Additional Securities and Debt Instruments

   113

Restrictions on Issuance of Securities

   114

Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer

   114

Provisions of Maryland law and of our Charter and Bylaws

   116

SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

   118

Shares to be Outstanding or Issuable upon Exercise or Conversion of Other Outstanding Securities

   118

Securities Act Restrictions

   118

Stock Option Plan

   119

Effect of Availability of Shares on Market Price of Shares

   119

Exchange Rights

   119

Registration Rights

   119

SUMMARY OF OUR ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS

   120

CHARTER AND BYLAW PROVISIONS

   121

Stockholders’ Meetings

   121

Board of Directors

   121

Stockholder Voting Rights

   121

 

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Stockholder Lists; Inspection of Books And Records

   122

Amendment of the Organizational Documents

   123

Dissolution or Termination

   123

Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business

   123

Restrictions on Conversion Transactions and Roll-Ups

   124

Limitation on Total Operating Expenses

   125

Transactions with Affiliates

   125

Restrictions on Borrowing

   126

Restrictions on Investments

   126

Compensation Restrictions

   128

OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT

   129

Description of Partnership Units

   129

Special General Partner Interest s

   130

Management of the Operating Partnership

   132

Indemnification

   133

Transferability of Interests

   133

Extraordinary Transactions

   133

Issuance of Additional Units

   134

Capital Contributions

   134

Distributions

   134

Operations

   135

Limited Partner Exchange Rights

   135

Tax Matters

   136

Duties And Conflicts

   136

Term

   136

FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

   137

Taxation

   137

Tax Aspects Of Investments In Partnerships

   144

Federal Income Taxation of Stockholders

   148

Other Tax Considerations

   151

ERISA CONSIDERATIONS

   153

General Investment Considerations

   153

Regulation Under ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code

   153

Regulations Issued by the Department of Labor

   154

Other Prohibited Transactions

   154

Insurance Companies

   155

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

   156

General

   156

Dealer Manager

   156

Escrow Conditions

   156

Subscription Process

   157

Representations and Warranties in the Subscription Agreement

   157

Determination of Your Suitability as an Investor

   158

Compensation We Will Pay for the Sale of Our Shares

   158

Volume Discounts

   161

Electronic Prospectus

   163

Indemnification

   163

WHO MAY INVEST

   164

Suitability Standards

   164

Minimum Purchase

   164

 

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HOW TO SUBSCRIBE

   165

SALES LITERATURE

   166

DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT AND SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAMS

   167

Distribution Reinvestment Program

   167

Share Repurchase Program

   168

REPORTS TO STOCKHOLDERS

   170

LITIGATION

   172

RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

   173

LEGAL MATTERS

   174

EXPERTS

   175

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

   176

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT

   F-1

PRIOR PERFORMANCE TABLES

   Appendix A

DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN

   Appendix B

SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT

   Appendix C

 

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

 

This summary highlights some of the information in this prospectus. Because this is a summary, it does not contain all the information that may be important to you. You should read this entire prospectus and its appendices carefully before you decide to invest in our shares of common stock.

 

Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.

 

We are a Maryland corporation incorporated on June 8, 2004. Beginning with 2005, our first taxable year, we will elect to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or a “REIT”, for federal and state income tax purposes. We were formed as a corporation with perpetual existence; however, our corporate existence may be terminated upon our dissolution and the liquidation of our assets in accordance with the terms of our charter.

 

Our principal executive offices are located at 326 Third Street, Lakewood, New Jersey 08701, our telephone number is (732) 367-0129 and our website address is www.lightstonereit.com.

 

The types of real estate that we plan to acquire and manage

 

We intend to acquire residential and commercial properties, principally in the continental United States and possibly in Puerto Rico, where our sponsor owns two properties. Our acquisitions may include both portfolios and individual properties. We expect that our commercial holdings will consist of retail (primarily multi-tenanted shopping centers), industrial and office properties and that our residential properties will be principally comprised of “Class B” multi-family complexes. For a definition of “Class B” properties, see “Investment Objectives and Policies—Real Estate Investments.”

 

Some of our properties may be acquired through our affiliates. As of the date of this prospectus, we do not hold any properties. However, we may acquire properties from our affiliates that had purchased the properties from unaffiliated third parties on our behalf pending our receipt of proceeds from our initial public offering. No such properties have been acquired on our behalf to date, and no affiliates of ours are presently in negotiations to acquire such properties.

 

Our sponsor, promoters, advisor, dealer manager, property manager and operating partnership

 

Our sponsor, David Lichtenstein, formed The Lightstone Group as a limited liability company in 1985 and often does business in his individual capacity under that name. Our sponsor is one of the largest private residential and commercial real estate owners and operators in the United States today, with a portfolio of 14,096 residential units and 17,393,933 square feet of retail, office and industrial properties located in 26 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. With five regional offices across the country, our sponsor employs more than 1,000 employees. Our sponsor and its affiliates have acquired over 175 projects including numerous properties and portfolios from major national public and privately-held real estate companies. In February 2005, our sponsor entered into an agreement to acquire Prime Group Realty Trust, a publicly traded REIT, and its operating partnership, Prime Group Realty, L.P., for approximately $889,000,000 in cash and assumed preferred stock and debt.

 

Certain officers and directors of The Lightstone Group and its affiliates also have senior management positions with us, and are thus considered our promoters. These directors and executive officers, whose positions and biographical information can be found under the heading “ Our Directors and Executive Officers ,” below, are David Lichtenstein, Angela Mirizzi-Olsen, Michael M. Schurer, Samuel Moerman, Bruno de Vinck and Adriana M. Peters.

 

Assuming we sell 30,000,000 shares in this offering, the organization and offering expenses, including selling commissions and the dealer manager fee, are expected to be approximately $30,000,000. We will sell special general partner interests in Lightstone REIT LP, our operating partnership, which we sometimes refer to

 

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as the “special general partner interests,” to Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor. We will use the proceeds from this sale to pay all costs and expenses of this offering (including organizational expenses, dealer manager fees and selling commissions). These special general partner interests will not require an initial cash investment by us and are not exchangeable for shares of our common stock. Thus, unlike other REITs, which do not have a public trading market and typically invest 85% - 90% of the gross proceeds of their offerings in the purchase of properties, we expect to use all of the gross proceeds of our offering in connection with the purchase of properties, the payment of fees and expenses associated with such properties and the establishment of reserves. However, while not assured, Lightstone SLP, LLC receives distributions after stockholders receive a 7% cumulative return, including up to 40% of proceeds after stockholders receive a 12% cumulative return upon sale or other disposition of our properties, while sponsors of other REITs typically receive up to 15% of proceeds after their stockholders receive a 6% or more cumulative return. Although Lightstone SLP, LLC will not receive any distributions until our stockholders receive a 7% cumulative return, any distributions it does receive will lower distributions made to our stockholders. See “Compensation Table.”

 

Lightstone Value Plus REIT LLC is wholly owned by David Lichtenstein, the sole owner of The Lightstone Group, our sponsor, and is our advisor. Our advisor, together with our board of directors (see “ Our Directors and Senior Management ”), will be primarily responsible for making investment decisions. Lightstone Value Plus REIT Management LLC is also wholly owned by David Lichtenstein, the sole owner of our sponsor, and is our property manager. Mr. Lichtenstein also owns and controls Lightstone SLP, LLC, the special general partner of our operating partnership, and acts as our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. As a result, he controls both the general partner and special general partner of our operating partnership and is thus the sole ultimate decision-maker of our operating partnership.

 

Our structure is generally referred to as an “UPREIT” structure. Substantially all of our assets will be held through Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, a Delaware limited partnership, which we sometimes refer to as the “operating partnership.” This structure will enable us to acquire assets from other partnerships and individual owners in a manner that will defer the recognition of gain to the partners of the acquired partnerships or the individual owners, assuming certain conditions are met. We will provide our stockholders with appropriate tax information including a Form 1099.

 

We do not have and will not have any employees that are not also employed by our sponsor or its affiliates. We depend substantially on our advisor, which generally has responsibility for our day-to-day operations. Under the terms of the advisory agreement, the advisor also undertakes to use its commercially reasonable best efforts to present to us investment opportunities consistent with our investment policies and objectives as adopted by our board of directors.

 

Certain of our affiliates, including our sponsor, promoters, advisor, dealer manager and property manager will receive substantial fees and profits in connection with this offering. Such compensation is described more fully below under the heading “ Compensation Table ” and includes: selling commissions and a dealer manager fee payable to the dealer manager, acquisition fees, asset management fees, regular and liquidation distributions with respect to the special general partner interests, reimbursement of certain expenses, and property management fees payable to our property manager.

 

The principal executive offices of our sponsor and our advisor are located at 326 Third Street, Lakewood, New Jersey 08701 and their telephone number is (732) 367-0129.

 

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Our Structure

 

The following chart depicts the services that affiliates or the sponsor will render to us, and our structure:

 

LOGO

 

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Summary Risk Factors

 

Investment in shares of our common stock involves risks which are described in detail under “Risk Factors.” If we are unable to effectively manage the impact of these risks, we may not meet our investment objectives and, therefore, you may lose some or all of your investment. The most significant risks relating to this offering and an investment in our shares include:

 

    Because this is initially a blind pool offering, you may not have the opportunity to evaluate our investments before you make your purchase of our common stock, which makes your investment more speculative;

 

    There are numerous conflicts of interest between the interests of investors and our interests or the interests of our advisor, our sponsor, and their respective affiliates;

 

    The special general partner interests will entitle a wholly owned subsidiary of our sponsor to certain payments and distributions that will significantly reduce the distributions available to stockholders after they receive a 7% cumulative return on their net investment.

 

    We do not currently own any properties and we have not identified any properties to acquire with the offering proceeds;

 

    We may not be able to make distributions and we may borrow to make distributions, which could reduce the cash available to us, and these distributions made with borrowed funds may constitute a return of capital to stockholders;

 

    The profitability of attempted acquisitions is uncertain;

 

    The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant would adversely impact us;

 

    There are limitations on ownership and transferability of our shares;

 

    We have no operating history or established financing sources;

 

    Our investment policies and strategies may be changed without stockholder consent;

 

    We are obligated to pay substantial fees to our advisor and its affiliates, including fees payable upon the sale of properties and termination of the advisory agreement;

 

    The incentive advisor fee structure may result in our advisor recommending riskier or more speculative investments;

 

    No public market currently exists for our shares of common stock, no public market for our shares may ever exist and our shares are illiquid;

 

    There are significant risks associated with maintaining as high level of leverage as permitted under our charter (which permits leverage of up to 300% of our net assets);

 

    Our advisor may have an incentive to incur high levels of leverage due to the fact that asset management fees payable to our advisor are based on total assets, including assets purchased with indebtedness;

 

    If only the minimum number of shares is sold in this offering, our ability to diversify our investments will be limited;

 

    Our dealer manager has not conducted an independent review of this prospectus;

 

    Our property manager is newly formed and has no prior experience as a property manager;

 

    We may fail to qualify or continue to qualify to be treated as a REIT for taxation purposes; and

 

    Our share repurchase program is subject to numerous restrictions, may be cancelled at any time and should not be relied upon as a means of liquidity; and

 

    We may be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and thus subject to regulation under that Act.

 

Conflicts of interest

 

Conflicts of interest may exist between us and some of our affiliates, including our advisor. Some of these potential conflicts include:

 

    The possibility that our affiliates may invest in properties that meet our investment profile;

 

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    the possibility that we may purchase properties from our affiliates;

 

    competition for the time and services of personnel that work for us and our affiliates;

 

    substantial compensation payable by us to our advisor, property manager, dealer manager and affiliates for their various services, which may not be on market terms and is payable, in some cases, whether or not our stockholders receive distributions;

 

    the possibility that we may acquire or consolidate with our advisor or property manager; and

 

    the possibility that we may do business with entities that have pre-existing relationships with our affiliates which may result in a conflict between our business and the ongoing business relationships our affiliates have with each other.

 

Conflicts of interest may also arise in connection with the potential sale or refinancing of our properties or the enforcement of agreements.

 

See “Conflicts of Interest” for more details of these and other conflicts of interest.

 

Factors used to determine offering price

 

Our board of directors determined the offering price of the common stock and such price bears no relationship to any established criteria for valuing issued or outstanding shares. It determined the offering price of our shares of common stock based primarily on the range of offering prices of other REITs that do not have a public trading market. In addition, our board of directors set the offering price of our shares at $10, a round number, in order to facilitate calculations relating to the offering price of our shares. However, the offering price of our shares of common stock may not reflect the price at which the shares may trade if they were listed on an exchange or actively traded by brokers, nor of the proceeds that a stockholder may receive if we were liquidated or dissolved.

 

Estimated use of proceeds

 

The proceeds from this offering will be used in connection with the purchase of real estate. The amounts listed in the table below represent our current estimates concerning the use of the offering proceeds. Since these are estimates, they may not accurately reflect the actual receipt or application of the offering proceeds. This first scenario assumes we sell the minimum number of 1,000,000 shares of common stock in this offering and the second scenario assumes that we sell the maximum of 30,000,000 shares in this offering at $10 per share.

 

     Minimum
Dollar
Amount (2)


   Percent

   

Maximum
Dollar

Amount


   Percent

 

Gross offering proceeds

   $ 10,000,000    100 %   $ 300,000,000    100 %

Less Offering Expenses (1)

                          

Selling commissions and dealer manager fee

     800,000    8 %     24,000,000    8 %

Organization and other offering costs

     700,000    7 %     6,000,000    2 %

Amount available for investment

     10,000,000    100 %     300,000,000    100 %

Acquisition and Rehabilitation Costs

                          

Acquisition fees

     275,000    2.75 %     8,250,000    2.75 %

Acquisition expenses

     100,000    1 %     3,000,000    1 %

Initial working capital reserves

     50,000    0.5 %     1,500,000    0.5 %

Proceeds invested

                          

Total application of proceeds

   $ 9,575,000    95.75 %   $ 287,250,000    95.75 %

(1)

All dealer manager fees, selling commissions and other organization and offering expenses will be paid by proceeds received from the sale to Lightstone SLP, LLC of special general partner interests of our operating

 

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partnership at a cost of $100,000 per unit, the purchase price of which will be repaid only after stockholders receive a stated preferred return and their net investment. These special general partner interests will also entitle Lightstone SLP, LLC to a portion of any regular distributions made by the operating partnership, but only after our stockholders receive a stated preferred return.

 

See “Estimated Use of Proceeds” for a more detailed description of the estimated use of the proceeds of the offering.

 

(2) The minimum dollar amount will be achieved by sales of shares to investors. No value will be attributed to the warrants in achieving the minimum dollar amount.

 

Primary business objectives and strategies

 

Our primary objective is to achieve capital appreciation with a secondary objective of income without subjecting principal to undue risk. We intend to achieve this goal primarily through investments in real estate properties.

 

Unlike other REITs, which typically specialize in one sector of the real estate market, we intend to invest in both residential and commercial properties to provide a more general risk profile and take advantage of our sponsor’s expertise in acquiring larger properties and portfolios of both residential and commercial properties.

 

The following is descriptive of our investment objectives and policies:

 

    Reflecting a flexible operating style , our portfolio is likely to be diverse and include properties of different types (such as retail, office, industrial and residential properties); both passive and active investments; and joint venture transactions. The portfolio is likely to be determined largely by the purchase opportunities that the market offers, whether on an upward or downward trend. This is in contrast to those funds that are more likely to hold investments of a single type, usually as outlined in their charters.

 

    We may invest in properties that are not sold through conventional marketing and auction processes. Our investments may be at a dollar cost level lower than levels that attract those funds that hold investments of a single type.

 

    We may be more likely to make investments that are in need of rehabilitation, redirection, remarketing and/or additional capital investment.

 

    We may place major emphasis on a bargain element in our purchases, and often on the individual circumstances and motivations of the sellers. We will search for bargains that become available due to circumstances that occur when real estate cannot support the mortgages securing the property.

 

    We intend to pursue returns in excess of the returns targeted by real estate investors who target a single type of property investment.

 

We cannot assure you that we will attain these objectives.

 

If we have not provided some form of liquidity for our stockholders or if our company is not liquidated, generally within seven to ten years after the proceeds from the offering are fully invested, we will cease reinvesting our capital and sell the properties and other assets, either on a portfolio basis or individually, or engage in another transaction approved by our board of directors, market conditions permitting, unless the directors (including a majority of the independent directors) determine that, in light of our expected life at any given time, it is deemed to be in the best interest of the stockholders to reinvest proceeds from property sales or refinancings. Alternatively, we may merge with, or otherwise be acquired by, our sponsor or its affiliates. We

 

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expect that in connection with such merger or acquisition transaction, our stockholders would receive cash or shares of a publicly traded company. The terms of any such transaction must be approved by a majority of our board of directors which includes a majority of our independent directors. Such merger or acquisition transaction would also require the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock. To assist with this process, the board of directors or a special committee of the board of directors established to consider the transaction will retain a recognized financial advisor or institution providing valuation services to serve as its financial advisor. The financial advisor will be required to render an opinion to the board of directors or special committee with respect to the fairness to our stockholders from a financial point of view of the consideration to be paid in the merger or acquisition transaction.

 

We intend to provide stockholders with regular quarterly distributions. Our ability to pay regular distributions will depend upon a variety of factors, and we cannot assure that distributions will be made. As such, we are unable to determine the maximum time from the closing date that an investor may have to wait to receive distributions.

 

Distribution Reinvestment and Share Repurchase Programs

 

Our distribution reinvestment program provides investors with an opportunity to purchase additional shares of our common stock at a discount, by reinvesting distributions. Our share repurchase program may, subject to restrictions, provide investors with limited, interim liquidity by enabling them to sell their shares back to us. However, our board of directors reserves the right to terminate either program for any reason without cause by providing written notice of termination of the distribution reinvestment program to all participants or written notice of termination of the share repurchase program to all stockholders, in the case of the share repurchase program. Both programs are described in greater detail under the heading “ Distribution Reinvestment and Share Repurchase Programs ,” below.

 

Acquisition Strategy

 

We intend to acquire residential and commercial properties principally, substantially all of which will be located in the continental United States and possibly some in Puerto Rico, where our sponsor owns two properties. Our acquisitions may include both portfolios and individual properties. We expect that our commercial holdings will consist of retail (primarily multi-tenanted shopping centers), industrial and office properties and that our residential properties will be principally comprised of “Class B” multi-family complexes.

 

We expect that we will acquire the following types of real estate interests:

 

    Fee interests in market-rate, middle market multifamily properties at a discount to replacement cost located either in emerging markets or near major metropolitan areas. We will attempt to identify those sub-markets with job growth opportunities and demand demographics which support potential long-term value appreciation for multifamily properties.

 

    Fee interests in well-located, multi-tenanted, community, power and lifestyle shopping centers and malls located in highly trafficked retail corridors, in selected high-barrier to entry markets and sub-markets. We will attempt to identify those sub-markets with constraints on the amount of additional property supply will make future competition less likely.

 

    Fee interests in improved, multi-tenanted, industrial properties located near major transportation arteries and distribution corridors with limited management responsibilities.

 

    Fee interests in improved, multi-tenanted, office properties located near major transportation arteries in urban and suburban areas.

 

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To date, neither we nor our advisor have identified any specific properties to be purchased with the proceeds of this offering.

 

We expect that all of the properties will be owned by subsidiary limited partnerships or limited liability companies. These subsidiaries will be single-purpose entities that we create to own a single property, and each will have no assets other than the property it owns. These entities represent a useful means of shielding our operating partnership from liability under state laws and will make the underlying properties easier to transfer. However, tax law disregards single-member LLCs and so it will be as if the operating partnership owns the underlying properties for tax purposes. Use of single-purpose entities in this manner is customary for REITs.

 

Our independent directors are not required to approve all transactions involving the creation of subsidiary limited liability companies and limited partnerships that we intend to use for investment in properties on our behalf. These subsidiary arrangements are intended to ensure that no environmental or other liabilities associated with any particular property can be attributed against other properties that the operating partnership or we will own. The limited liability aspect of a subsidiary’s form will shield parent and affiliated (but not subsidiary) companies, including the operating partnership and us, from liability assessed against it. No additional fees will be imposed upon the REIT by the subsidiary companies’ managers and these subsidiaries will not affect our stockholders’ voting rights.

 

Financing Strategy

 

Our financing strategy is as follows:

 

We intend to utilize leverage to acquire our properties. The number of different properties we will acquire will be affected by numerous factors, including, the amount of funds available to us. When interest rates on mortgage loans are high or financing is otherwise unavailable on terms that are satisfactory to us, we may purchase certain properties for cash with the intention of obtaining a mortgage loan for a portion of the purchase price at a later time. There is no limitation on the amount we may invest in any single property or on the amount we can borrow for the purchase of any property.

 

Our aggregate borrowings, secured and unsecured, will be reasonable in relation to our net assets and will be reviewed by our board of directors at least quarterly. The maximum amount of these borrowings in relation to net assets will not exceed 300% of net assets in the absence of a satisfactory showing that a higher level of borrowing is appropriate, approval by a majority of the independent directors and disclosure to our stockholders. Net assets means our total assets, other than intangibles, at cost before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves less our total liabilities, calculated at least quarterly on a basis consistently applied. Any excess in borrowing over this 300% level will be approved by a majority of independent directors and disclosed to our stockholders in our next quarterly report, along with justification for such excess.

 

Further, our charter limits our aggregate long-term permanent borrowings to 75% of the aggregate fair market value of all properties unless any excess borrowing is approved by a majority of the independent directors and is disclosed to our stockholders. We may also incur short-term indebtedness, having a maturity of two years or less.

 

In addition, our charter prohibits us from making or investing in mortgage loans, including construction loans, on any one property if the aggregate amount of all mortgage loans outstanding on the property, including our loans, would exceed 85% of the property’s appraised value, unless substantial justification exists and the loans would not exceed the property’s appraised value.

 

By operating on a leveraged basis, we will have more funds available for investment in properties. This will allow us to make more investments than would otherwise be possible, resulting in a more diversified portfolio. Although our liability for the repayment of indebtedness is expected to be limited to the value of the property

 

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securing the liability and the rents or profits derived therefrom, our use of leveraging increases the risk of default on the mortgage payments and a resulting foreclosure of a particular property. To the extent that we do not obtain mortgage loans on our properties, our ability to acquire additional properties will be restricted. We will endeavor to obtain financing on the most favorable terms available. Lenders may have recourse to assets not securing the repayment of the indebtedness. Our sponsor may refinance properties during the term of a loan only in limited circumstances, such as when a decline in interest rates makes it beneficial to prepay an existing mortgage, when an existing mortgage matures or if an attractive investment becomes available and the proceeds from the refinancing can be used to purchase such investment. The benefits of the refinancing may include an increased cash flow resulting from reduced debt service requirements, an increase in distributions from proceeds of the refinancing, if any, and/or an increase in property ownership if some refinancing proceeds are reinvested in real estate.

 

Operations

 

Our property manager will manage and lease substantially all of the properties that we acquire with its existing management and leasing staff and where appropriate it may acquire and incorporate the existing management and leasing staffs of the portfolio properties we acquire.

 

Although we are not limited as to the geographic area where we may conduct our operations, we intend to invest in properties located near our sponsor’s existing operations to achieve economies of scale where possible. Our sponsor currently maintains operations in Alabama, California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia and Wisconsin, as well as Puerto Rico, where our sponsor owns two properties. The number and mix of properties we acquire will depend upon real estate and market conditions and other circumstances existing at the time we are acquiring our properties and the amount of proceeds we raise in this offering. We will consider relevant real estate property and financial factors, including the location of the property, its income-producing capacity, its suitability for any future development the prospects for long-range appreciation, its liquidity and income tax considerations. In this regard, our obligation to close the purchase of any investment will generally be conditioned upon the delivery and verification of certain documents from the seller or developer, including, where appropriate:

 

    leases, licenses and temporary tenants;

 

    plans and specifications;

 

    occupancy history;

 

    sales reports;

 

    zoning analyses and future development potential;

 

    traffic flow, car count and parking studies;

 

    trends in area;

 

    tenant mix;

 

    environmental and engineering reports;

 

    projections, surveys and appraisals;

 

    evidence of marketable title subject to such liens and encumbrances as are acceptable to our advisor;

 

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    audited financial statements covering recent operations of properties having operating histories unless such statements are not required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and delivered to our stockholders; and

 

    title and liability insurance policies.

 

Terms of the offering

 

We are offering a minimum of 1,000,000 shares of our common stock and a maximum of 30,000,000 shares of our common stock in this offering. We are offering these shares on a best efforts basis through the dealer manager at $10.00 per share, subject to volume discounts in some cases. An offering on a best efforts basis is one in which the securities dealers participating in the offering are under no obligation to purchase any of the securities being offered and, therefore, no specified number of securities are guaranteed to be sold and no specified amount of money is guaranteed to be raised from the offering. In addition, 75,000 shares have been authorized and reserved for issuance under our stock option plan for independent directors. The minimum offering must be achieved by sales to investors, because we will not count the 600,000 warrant shares in that calculation.

 

See the “Plan of Distribution” for a description of the terms of the offering.

 

Suitability Standards

 

In order to purchase shares, you must meet the financial suitability standards we have established for this offering. In general you must have either $45,000 in annual gross income and a minimum net worth of $45,000 or $150,000 minimum net worth. Residents of Arizona, California, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Texas must meet higher financial standards, however. Employee benefit plans covered by ERISA must consider additional factors before investing. To invest in this offering, you must complete a subscription agreement which, in part, provides that you meet these standards.

 

Shares currently outstanding

 

As of the date of this prospectus, there are 20,000 shares of our common stock outstanding. The number of shares of our common stock outstanding prior to this date does not include shares issuable upon exercise of options which may be granted under our stock option plan.

 

Distributions

 

Federal income tax law requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income. In order to qualify for REIT status, we may be required to make distributions in excess of cash available. For a discussion of the tax treatment of distributions to you, see “Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

 

Distributions will be at the discretion of the board of directors. While we intend to commence distributions within 60 days after an acquisition of a property, distributions might not commence for up to one year after a particular property acquisition. Our ability to pay regular distributions and the size of these distributions will depend upon a variety of factors. For example, our borrowing policy permits us to incur short-term indebtedness, having a maturity of two years or less, and we may have to borrow funds on a short-term basis to meet the distribution requirements that are necessary to achieve the tax benefits associated with qualifying as a REIT. We

 

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cannot assure that regular distributions will continue to be made or that we will maintain any particular level of distributions that we may establish.

 

We will be an accrual basis taxpayer, and as such our REIT taxable income could be higher than the cash available to us. We may therefore borrow to make distributions, which could reduce the cash available to us, in order to distribute 90% of our REIT taxable income as a condition to our election be taxed as a REIT. These distributions made with borrowed funds may constitute a return of capital to stockholders. “Return of capital” refers to distributions to investors in excess of net income. To the extent that distributions to stockholders exceed earnings and profits, such amounts constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes, although such distributions might not reduce stockholders’ aggregate invested capital. Because our earnings and profits are reduced for depreciation and other noncash items, it is likely that a portion of each distribution will constitute a tax-deferred return of capital for federal income tax purposes.

 

Is an investment in us appropriate for you?

 

An investment in us might be appropriate as part of your investment portfolio if you are looking for regular distributions. Our goal is to pay regular quarterly distributions to our stockholders. We are planning to achieve this goal by acquiring and managing a portfolio of commercial and residential properties. We cannot guarantee that we will achieve this goal. Moreover, distributions will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, and we cannot assure that regular distributions will be made or that any particular level of distributions established in the future, if any, will be maintained. In order to be qualified as a REIT, we are required under federal income tax law to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income. If we fail to make such distributions, we will not be able to obtain or maintain qualification as a REIT.

 

An investment in us will not be appropriate for you unless you are prepared to retain our shares for approximately seven to ten years. There is no public trading market for our shares and we do not expect a public trading market for our shares to develop in the near term. The absence of an active public market for our shares could impair your ability to sell our stock at a profit or at all. Within seven to ten years after the net proceeds of this offering are fully invested, our board of directors may determine that it is in our best interests to apply to have the shares listed on a national stock exchange or included for quotation on a national market system if we meet the applicable listing requirements at that time. Alternatively, our board of directors may decide that it is in our best interests to liquidate or to merge or otherwise consolidate with a publicly-traded REIT or merge with, or otherwise be acquired by, our sponsor or its affiliates. Therefore, our shares should be purchased as a long term investment only.

 

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Compensation Table

 

The following table discloses the compensation which we may pay to our advisor, property manager, dealer manager, The Lightstone Group and their affiliates. For methods of calculation and definitions of terms used in this table, see “Compensation Table.” For a description of an undertaking that we have made to limit compensation paid to our affiliates, see “Compensation Restrictions” and “Reports to Stockholders.”

 

Nonsubordinated Payments

 

The following aggregate amounts of compensation, allowances and fees we may pay to our affiliates are not subordinated to the returns on initial investments that we are required to pay to our stockholders.

 

Type of compensation and

recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


    

Organizational and Offering Stage


Selling commissions paid to Lightstone Securities   

Up to 7% of gross offering proceeds before reallowance of commissions earned by participating broker-dealers. Lightstone Securities, our dealer manager, intends to reallow 100% of commissions earned for those transactions that involve participating broker-dealers.

 

We will sell special general partner interests of our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor, and use the sale proceeds to pay all selling commissions.

   We currently estimate selling commissions of $700,000 if the minimum offering of 1,000,000 shares is sold and of $21,000,000 if the maximum offering of 30,000,000 shares is sold (without giving effect to any special sales or volume discounts which could reduce selling commissions).
Dealer manager fee paid to Lightstone Securities    Up to 1% of gross offering proceeds before reallowance to participating broker-dealers. Lightstone Securities, in its sole discretion, may reallow a portion of its dealer manager fee of up to 1% of the gross offering proceeds to be paid to such participating broker-dealers. This fee is in addition to the reimbursement of other organization and offering expenses described below.   

We currently estimate a dealer manager fee of approximately $100,000 if the minimum offering of 1,000,000 shares is sold and of approximately $3,000,000 if the maximum offering of 30,000,000 shares is sold.

    

We will sell special general partner interests of our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor, and use the sale proceeds to pay all selling commissions.

    

 

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Type of compensation and

recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


    

Organizational and Offering Stage


Note: Our unique compensation arrangement   

The selling commissions, all of which Lightstone Securities will reallow to unaffiliated broker-dealers, and dealer manager fee are unsubordinated payments that we are contractually obligated to make regardless of our sale of the special general partner interests. In a separate agreement, however, Lightstone SLP, LLC committed to purchase special general partner interests, which will be issued each time a closing occurs, at a price of $100,000 for each $1,000,000 in subscriptions that we accept. Our sponsor will independently finance Lightstone SLP’s purchases of these units without using any funds that we receive from the sale of our common stock. As a result, we will be able to use all of the proceeds from the sale of our common stock to invest in real properties.

 

We will use the funds received for the special general partner interests to pay the unsubordinated selling commissions and dealer manager fee described above and the additional offering and organization expenses discussed below.

 

In consideration of its purchase of special general partner interests, Lightstone SLP, LLC will receive an interest in our regular and liquidation distributions. See “Compensation Table—Subordinated Payments.” These distributions to Lightstone SLP, LLC are always subordinated to our stockholders’ receipt of a stated preferred return and are unrelated to the payments to our dealer manager and unaffiliated soliciting dealers discussed above.

    

 

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Type of compensation and

recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


Soliciting Dealer Warrants issuable to Lightstone Securities.    Up to 600,000 warrants will be sold to Lightstone Securities at a purchase price of $0.0008 each. Lightstone Securities, in its sole discretion, may reallow a portion of these warrants to participating broker dealers. Each warrant will be exercisable for one share of our common stock at an exercise price of $12.00 per share.    The aggregate value of the 600,000 warrants is .45% of offering proceeds, or $45,000 if the minimum offering of 1,000,000 shares is sold and $1,350,000 if the maximum offering of 30,000,000 shares is sold. Assuming that all 600,000 warrants are sold, the aggregate purchase price would be $480. The total exercise price for all 600,000 warrants would be $7,200,000.
Reimbursement of organization and other offering costs.   

Our advisor or affiliates will advance all organization and other offering costs, which consist of actual legal, accounting, printing and other accountable expenses (including sales literature and the prospectus), other than selling commissions and the dealer manager fee. We will reimburse our advisor or affiliates for organization costs of up to 2% of gross offering proceeds, using the proceeds from the sale of the special general partner units to Lightstone SLP, LLC.

 

If organization and offering expenses, including the selling commissions and dealer manager fee discussed above, exceed 10% of the proceeds raised in this offering, the excess will be paid by our advisor without recourse to us and will not be exchangeable into special general partner interests of our operating partnership.

   We currently estimate organization and offering expenses, including the selling commissions and dealer manager fees discussed above, of approximately $1,500,000 if the minimum offering of 1,000,000 shares is sold and of approximately $30,000,000 if the maximum offering of 30,000,000 shares is sold.
     Acquisition Stage     
Acquisition fee and expenses paid to our advisor.   

Our advisor will be paid an amount, equal to 2.75% of the gross contract purchase price (including any mortgage assumed) of the property purchased, as an acquisition fee. Our advisor will also be reimbursed for expenses that it incurs in connection with purchase of the property.

 

The acquisition fee and expenses for any particular property, including amounts payable to affiliates, will not exceed, in the aggregate, 5% of the gross contract purchase price (including any mortgage assumed) of the property.

  

The following amounts may be paid as an acquisition fee and for the reimbursement of acquisition expenses:

 

approximately $275,000 if the minimum number of shares are sold ($1,100,000, assuming aggregate long-term permanent leverage of approximately 75%); or

 

approximately $8,250,000 if 30,000,000 shares are sold ($33,000,000, assuming aggregate long-term permanent leverage of approximately 75%).

 

 

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Type of compensation and

recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


     If we request additional services, the compensation will be provided on separate agreed-upon terms and the rate will be approved by a majority of disinterested directors, including a majority of the disinterested independent directors, as fair and reasonable for us.    However, the actual amounts cannot be determined at the present time.
     Operational Stage     
Property management fee paid to our property manager, Lightstone Value Plus REIT Management LLC. This fee will be paid for services in connection with the rental, leasing, operation and management of the properties and the supervision of any third parties that are engaged by our property manager to provide such services.   

Residential and Retail Properties:

 

Our property manager will be paid a monthly management fee of 5% of the gross revenues from our residential and retail properties.

 

Office and Industrial Properties:

 

For the management and leasing of our office and industrial properties, we will pay to our property manager, property management and leasing fees of up to 4.5% of gross revenues from our office and industrial properties. In addition, we may pay our property manager a separate fee for the one-time initial rent-up or leasing-up of newly constructed properties in an amount not to exceed the fee customarily charged in arm’s length transactions by others rendering similar services in the same geographic area for similar properties as determined by a survey of brokers and agents in such area.

   The actual amounts are dependent upon results of operations and, therefore, cannot be determined at the present time.
    

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, our property manager may be entitled to receive higher fees in the event our property manager demonstrates to the satisfaction of a majority of the directors (including a majority of the independent directors) that a higher competitive fee is justified for the services rendered.

 

The property manager may subcontract its duties for a fee that may be less than the fee provided for in the management services agreements. In

    

 

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Type of compensation and

recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


     the event that the property manager subcontracts its duties with respect to some or all of our properties, the fees payable to such parties for such services will be deducted from the monthly management fee payable to our property manager by us or paid directly by our property manager.     
     Operational Stage     
Asset management fee paid to our advisor.   

Our advisor will be paid an advisor asset management fee of 0.55% of our average invested assets. Average invested assets means the average of the aggregate book value of our assets invested in equity interests in, and loans secured by, real estate before reserves for depreciation or bad debt or other similar non-cash reserves. We will compute the average invested assets by taking the average of these values at the end of each month during the quarter for which we are calculating the fee. The fee will be payable quarterly in an amount equal to 0.1375 of 1% of average invested assets as of the last day of the immediately preceding quarter.

 

Our advisor must reimburse us for the amounts, if any, by which our total operating expenses, the sum of the advisor asset management fee plus other operating expenses, paid during the previous fiscal year exceed the greater of:

   The amount of the fee depends on the cost of the average invested assets at the time the fee is payable and, therefore, cannot be determined now.
    

 

(1) 2% of our average invested assets for that fiscal year, or

 

(2) 25% of our net income for that fiscal year;

 

Items such as interest payments, taxes, non-cash expenditures, the special liquidation distribution, organization and offering expenses, and acquisition fees and expenses are excluded from

    

 

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Type of compensation and

recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


     the definition of total operating expenses, which otherwise includes the aggregate expenses of any kind paid or incurred by us. See “Management—Our Advisory Agreement” for an explanation of circumstances where the excess amount specified in clause (1) may not need to be reimbursed.     
Reimbursable expenses to our advisor. These may include costs of goods and services, administrative services and non-supervisory services performed directly for us by independent parties.    We will reimburse some expenses of the advisor. The compensation and reimbursements to our advisor will be approved by a majority of our directors and a majority of our independent directors as fair and reasonable for us.    The actual amounts of reimbursable expenses in connection with this offering are dependent upon results of operations and, therefore, cannot be determined at the present time. The reimbursable expenses are subject to aggregate limitations on our operating expenses referred to under “Non-Subordinating Payments—Operational Stage—Asset Management Fee” above.
Subordinated Payments    Operational Stage     
Note : We structure the allocation of distributions and other subordinated payments differently than most REITs. In order to facilitate a complete understanding of our allocation structure, please see “Subordinated Distribution Chart” below for a basic table that illustrates how we will allocate these subordinated payments.    We cannot assure investors of the cumulative non-compounded returns discussed below, which we disclose solely as a measure for the incentive compensation of our sponsor, advisor and affiliates.     
Distributions with respect to the special general partner interests, payable to Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor.    This section describes the apportionment of any regular distributions that the operating partnership may make. At each stage of distributions, a different apportionment method commences or terminates, as applicable, when a particular party or parties have received a specific amount of distributions. The return calculations described below take into account all regular distributions received and not the specific distribution being made.    The actual amounts are dependent upon results of operations and, therefore, cannot be determined at the present time.

 

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Type of compensation and

recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


     Achievement of a particular threshold, therefore, is determined with reference to all prior distributions made by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC and to us, which distributions we will distribute to holders of our common stock. Once a threshold is reached, the operating partnership will make all subsequent regular distributions pursuant to the allocation method triggered by that or later thresholds.     
    

(i) Before Achieving the 7% Stockholder Return Threshold

Regular distributions will be made initially to us, which we will then distribute to the holders of our common stock, until these holders have received dividends equal to a cumulative non-compounded return of 7% per year on their net investment. “Net investment” refers to $10 per share, less a pro rata share of any proceeds received from the sale or refinancing of properties. Until this 7% threshold is reached, our operating partnership will not pay to Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor, any distributions with respect to the purchase price of the special general partner interests that it received in exchange for agreeing to pay the costs and expenses of this offering, including dealer manager fees and selling commissions.

    
    

 

(ii) After Achieving the 7% Stockholder Return Threshold

After the first 7% threshold is reached, our operating partnership will make all of its distributions to Lightstone SLP, LLC until that entity receives an amount equal to a cumulative non-compounded return of 7% per year on the purchase price of the special general partner interests.

    

 

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Type of compensation and

recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


    

(iii) Before Achieving the 12% Stockholder Return Threshold

After this second 7% threshold is reached and until the holders of our common stock have received dividends in an amount equal to a cumulative non-compounded return of 12% per year on their net investment (including, for the purpose of the calculation of such amount, the amounts equaling a 7% return on their net investment described in paragraph (i) of this section), 70% of the aggregate amount of any additional distributions by our operating partnership will be payable to us (and the limited partners entitled to such distributions under the terms of the operating partnership’s operating agreement), which we will distribute to the holders of our common stock, and 30% of such amount will be payable by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC. “Net investment” refers to $10 per share, less a pro rata share of any proceeds received from the sale or refinancing of

properties.

    
    

(iv) After Achieving the 12% Stockholder Return Threshold

After this 12% threshold is reached, 60% of the aggregate amount of any additional distributions by our operating partnership will be payable to us (and the limited partners entitled to such distributions under the terms of the operating partnership’s operating agreement), which we will distribute to the holders of our common stock, and 40% of such amount will be payable by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC.

    

 

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Type of compensation and

recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


    

Liquidation Stage

 

We cannot assure investors of the cumulative non-compounded returns discussed below, which we disclose solely as a measure for the incentive compensation of our sponsor, advisor and affiliates.

    

 

Special liquidation distribution, payable to Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor.

  

 

This section describes the apportionment of any liquidation distributions that we make. At each stage of distributions, a different apportionment method commences or terminates, as applicable, when a particular party or parties have received a specific amount of distributions. The return calculations described below take into account all regular and liquidation distributions received and not just distributions made upon liquidation. Achievement of a particular threshold, therefore, is determined with reference to all prior distributions made by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC and to us, which we will distribute to our stockholders.

  

 

The actual amounts to be received depend upon the net sale proceeds upon our liquidation and, therefore, cannot be determined at the present time.

    

i. Before Achieving the 7% Stockholder Return Threshold

Distributions in connection with our liquidation will be made initially to us, which we will distribute to holders of our common stock, until these holders have received liquidation distributions equal to their initial investment plus a cumulative non-compounded return of 7% per year on their net investment. “Net investment” refers to $10 per share, less a pro rata share of any proceeds received from the sale or refinancing of properties. Until this 7% threshold is reached, our operating partnership will not pay to Lightstone SLP, LLC any special liquidation distribution in connection with our liquidation.

    

 

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Type of compensation and

recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


    

ii. After Achieving the 7% Stockholder Return Threshold

After the first 7% threshold is reached, Lightstone SLP, LLC will receive special liquidation distributions with

respect to the purchase price of the special general partner interests that it received in exchange for agreeing to pay the costs and expenses of this

    
    

offering, including dealer manager fees and selling commissions, until it receives an amount equal to the purchase price of the special general partner interests plus a cumulative non-compounded return of 7% per year on the purchase price of those interests;

 

iii. Before Achieving the 12% Stockholder Return Threshold

After this second 7% threshold is reached and until the holders of our common stock have received an amount equal to their initial investment plus a cumulative non-compounded return of 12% per year on their net investment (“net investment” refers to $10 per share, less a pro rata share of any proceeds received from the sale or refinancing of properties) (including, for the purpose of the calculation of such amount, the amounts described in paragraph (i) of this section), 70% of the aggregate amount of any additional distributions by our operating partnership will be payable to us (and the limited partners entitled to such distributions under the terms of the operating partnership’s operating agreement), which we will distribute to the holders of our common stock, and 30% of such amount will be payable by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC; and

    

 

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Type of compensation and

recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


    

 

iv. After Achieving the 12% Stockholder Return Threshold

After this 12% threshold is reached, 60% of the aggregate amount of any additional distributions by our operating partnership will be payable to us (and the limited partners entitled to such distributions under the terms of the operating partnership’s operating agreement), which we will distribute to the holders of our common stock, and 40% of such amount will be payable by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC.

    
    

 

If the advisory agreement is terminated, the special general partner interests will be converted into cash equal to the purchase price of the special general partner interest.

    
Compensation to Officers and Directors          
Independent Director fees.    Each of our independent directors receives an annual fee of $30,000 and reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses incurred. Our officers who are also our directors do not receive director fees. These fees are subject to change from time to time.    We will pay the three independent directors, annually, $90,000 in the aggregate.
Stock options to our independent directors.    Each of our independent directors receives each year on the date of the stockholders’ annual meeting, an option to purchase 3,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price equal to the then fair market value per share. For additional information on this option plan, see “Management—Stock Option Plan.”    This form of compensation is not paid in cash.

 

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Distribution Chart

 

We intend to make distributions to our stockholders. In addition, the special general partner interests will entitle Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor, to certain distributions from our operating partnership, but only after our stockholders have received a stated preferred return. The following table sets forth information with respect to the apportionment of any regular and liquidation distributions that the operating partnership may make among Lightstone SLP, LLC and us, which we will distribute to our stockholders. The return calculations outlined below account for all regular and liquidation distributions that our operating partnership has made to Lightstone SLP, LLC and to us, which we will distribute to our stockholders. For a more detailed discussion of distribution apportionment, see “Operating Partnership Agreement.”

 

Note that the chart reads chronologically from top to bottom, so that all distributions are initially made to stockholders in accordance with row (i), until the stockholders have received a return of 7% on their net investment. For purposes of the preceding sentence, “net investment” refers to $10 per share, less a pro rata share of any proceeds received from the sale or refinancing of properties. Then, all distributions will be made to Lightstone SLP, LLC in accordance with row (ii) until that entity has received 7% on its net investment. Row (iii) will then apply, and after that row (iv).

 

We cannot assure investors of the cumulative non-compounded returns discussed below, which we disclose solely as a measure for the incentive compensation of our sponsor, advisor and affiliates.

 

Recipient(s) of Distribution

(listed chronologically)


  

Apportionment of Distributions


  

Cumulative Non-Compounded Return Threshold

(that initiates next level of distributions)


(i) Stockholders    100%    7% per year on stockholders’ net investment (and, in the case of liquidation, an amount equal to the stockholders’ initial investment)
(ii) Lightstone SLP, LLC    100%    7% per year on special general partner purchase price (and, in the case of liquidation, an amount equal to the purchase price of the special general partner interest)

(iii) Stockholders/

Lightstone SLP, LLC

  

70% to stockholders;

30% to Lightstone SLP, LLC

   Until 12% per year on stockholders’ net investment

(iv) Stockholders/

Lightstone SLP, LLC

  

60% to stockholders;

40% to Lightstone SLP, LLC

   Above 12% on stockholders’ net investment (remainder of regular distributions apportioned in this manner)

 

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RISK FACTORS

 

An investment in our shares involves significant risks and therefore is suitable only for persons who understand those risks and their consequences, and are able to bear the risk of loss of their investment. While we believe that all material risks are presented in this section, you should consider the following risks as well as the other information set forth in this prospectus before making your investment decisions.

 

Risks Related to the Offering and the Common Stock

 

Because this is initially a blind pool offering, you may not have the opportunity to evaluate our investments before we make them, which makes your investment more speculative. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations. Because we have not yet acquired or identified any investments that we may make, we are not able to provide you with information to evaluate our investments prior to acquisition. You will be unable to evaluate the economic merit of real estate projects before we invest in them and will be entirely relying on the ability of our advisor to select well-performing investment properties. Furthermore, our board of directors will have broad discretion in implementing policies regarding tenant or mortgagor creditworthiness, and you will not have the opportunity to evaluate potential tenants, managers or borrowers. These factors increase the risk that your investment may not generate returns comparable to our competitors.

 

We are a newly formed company with no operating history upon which to evaluate our likely performance. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations. Therefore, we do not have an operating history upon which to evaluate our likely performance. We may not be able to implement our business plan successfully.

 

Our dealer manager has no experience in public offerings. Our dealer manager, Lightstone Securities, LLC, has never conducted a public offering such as this. This lack of experience may affect the way in which Lightstone Securities conducts the offering. However, the President Chief Executive Officer and Manager of our dealer manager has 35 years of experience in the financial services business, including extensive experience in national sales and marketing, the creation of an asset management firm and the management of dramatic growth and ten years of experience in financial institution management, sales and marketing.

 

The price of our common stock is subjective and may not bear any relationship to what a stockholder could receive if it was sold . Our board of directors arbitrarily determined the offering price of the common stock and such price bears no relationship to any established criteria for valuing issued or outstanding shares. It determined the offering price of our shares of common stock based primarily on the range of offering prices of other REITs that do not have a public trading market. In addition, our board of directors set the offering price of our shares at $10, a round number, in order to facilitate calculations relating to the offering price of our shares. However, the offering price of our shares of common stock may not reflect the price at which the shares may trade if they were listed on an exchange or actively traded by brokers, nor of the proceeds that a stockholder may receive if we were liquidated or dissolved.

 

Exercise of options and warrants prior to dissolution could dilute our common stock value. We have authorized and reserved 75,000 shares of our common stock for issuance under our stock option plan. This stock option plan provides for the automatic grant of a nonqualified stock option to each of our independent directors, without any further action by our board of directors or the stockholders, to purchase 3,000 shares of our common stock (or a pro rata portion for less than a full year of service) on the date of each annual stockholder’s meeting. The exercise price for stock options granted to our independent directors will be equal to the fair market value of a share on the last business day preceding the annual meeting of stockholders. The term of each such option will be 10 years. Options granted to non-employee directors will vest and become exercisable on the second anniversary of the date of grant, provided that the independent director is a director on the board of directors on that date. If we issue warrants or options, officers and directors may be in a position to exercise their warrants or options immediately prior to an expected liquidation, merger or form of liquidity. Any exercise could diminish our stockholders’ pro rata ownership in us and thus distributions made to stockholders.

 

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The dealer manager has not made an independent review of us or this prospectus. Our dealer manager, Lightstone Securities, LLC, which we sometimes refer to as “Lightstone Securities,” is one of our affiliates and has not and will not make an independent due diligence review of us or the offering. Therefore, you will not have the benefit of a due diligence review conducted by an unaffiliated managing dealer in connection with your investment in this offering.

 

Our common stock is not currently listed on an exchange or trading market and are illiquid. There is currently no public trading market for the shares. Following this offering, our common stock will not be listed on a stock exchange. Accordingly, we do not expect a public trading market for our shares to develop. We may never list the shares for trading on a national stock exchange or include the shares for quotation on a national market system. The absence of an active public market for our shares could impair your ability to sell our stock at a profit or at all. Therefore, our shares should be purchased as a long term investment only.

 

Distributions to stockholders may be reduced or not made at all. Although we do not currently own properties or other investments, have not obtained any financing and do not currently conduct any operations, distributions will be based principally on cash available from our properties. The amount of cash available for distributions will be affected by many factors, such as our ability to buy properties as offering proceeds become available, the operating performance of the properties we acquire and many other variables. We may not be able to pay or maintain distributions or increase distributions over time. Therefore, we cannot determine what amount of cash will be available for distributions. Some of the following factors, which we believe are the material factors that can affect our ability to make distributions, are beyond our control, and a change in any one factor could adversely affect our ability to pay future distributions:

 

    Cash available for distributions may be reduced if we are required to make capital improvements to properties.

 

    Cash available to make distributions may decrease if the assets we acquire have lower cash flows than expected.

 

    A substantial period of time (i.e. up to one year) may pass between the sale of the common stock through this offering and our purchase of real properties. During that time, we may invest in lower yielding short term instruments, which could result in a lower yield on your investment. See “Investment Objectives and Policies–Distributions” for a discussion of borrowing in order to make distributions and maintain our status as a REIT.

 

    In connection with future property acquisitions, we may issue additional shares of common stock and/or operating partnership units or interests in the entities that own our properties. We cannot predict the number of shares of common stock, units or interests that we may issue, or the effect that these additional shares might have on cash available for distributions to you. If we issue additional shares, that issuance could reduce the cash available for distributions to you.

 

    We make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the distribution requirements of the Internal Revenue Code and to eliminate, or at least minimize, exposure to federal income taxes and the nondeductible REIT excise tax. Differences in timing between the receipt of income and the payment of expenses, and the effect of required debt payments, could require us to borrow funds on a short-term basis to meet the distribution requirements that are necessary to achieve the tax benefits associated with qualifying as a REIT.

 

Our board of directors may amend or terminate the distribution reinvestment program. The directors, including a majority of independent directors, may by majority vote amend or terminate the distribution reinvestment program upon 30 days notice to participants. Our distribution reinvestment program is described in greater detail below under the heading “Distribution Reinvestment and Share Repurchase Programs.”

 

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You may not be able to receive liquidity on your investment through our share repurchase program. Limitations on participation in our share repurchase program, and the ability of our board of directors to modify or terminate the plan, may restrict your ability to participate in and receive liquidity on your investment through this program. Our share repurchase program is described in greater detail below under the heading “Distribution Reinvestment and Share Repurchase Programs.”

 

Your percentage of ownership may become diluted if we issue new shares of stock. Stockholders have no rights to buy additional shares of stock in the event we issue new shares of stock. We may issue common stock, convertible debt or preferred stock pursuant to a subsequent public offering or a private placement, upon exercise of options, or to sellers of properties we directly or indirectly acquire instead of, or in addition to, cash consideration. We may also issue common stock upon the exercise of the warrants issued and to be issued to participating broker-dealers. Investors purchasing common stock in this offering who do not participate in any future stock issues will experience dilution in the percentage of the issued and outstanding stock they own.

 

Our operations could be restricted if we become subject to the Investment Company Act of 1940. While we do not currently own properties or other investments, have not obtained any financing and do not currently conduct any operations, we intend to conduct our operations so that we will not be subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940. We may therefore have to forego certain investments which could produce a more favorable return. Should we fail to qualify for an exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, we would be subject to numerous restrictions under this Act, which would have a material adverse affect on our ability to deliver returns to our stockholders.

 

We do not believe that we or our operating partnership will be considered an “investment company” as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940 because we do not intend to engage in the types of business that characterize an investment company under that law. Investments in real estate will represent the substantial majority of our business, which would not subject us to investment company status. While a company that owns investment securities having a value exceeding 40 percent of its total assets could be considered an investment company, we believe that if we make investments in joint ventures they will be structured so that they are not considered “investment securities” for purposes of the law. However, if an examination of this type of our investments by the SEC or a court deem them to be investment securities, we could be deemed to be an investment company and subject to additional restrictions.

 

Even if we or our operating partnership are deemed an investment company, we may qualify for an exemption from the provisions of the Investment Company Act, such as the exemption that applies generally to companies that purchase or otherwise acquire interests in real estate. Under Section 3(c)(5)(C), the Investment Company Act exempts entities that are primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring “mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate.” The staff of the SEC has provided guidance on the availability of this exemption. Specifically, the staff’s position generally requires us to maintain at least 55% of our assets directly in qualifying real estate interests (“qualifying assets”). To constitute a qualifying real estate interest under this 55% requirement, a real estate interest must meet various criteria. We intend to invest only in fee or leasehold interests in real estate. Fee interests in real estate are considered “qualifying assets” for purposes of Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act and leasehold interests in real estate may be considered “qualifying assets” for purposes of Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act. We do not intend to invest in mezzanine loans, subordinate interests in whole loans (B Notes), distressed debt, preferred equity or multi-class (first loss) mortgage-back securities. Investments in such assets may not be deemed “qualifying assets” for purposes of Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act and, as a result, any such investments may have to be limited. There can be no assurance that our investments will continue to qualify for an exemption from investment company status.

 

If we fail to maintain an exemption or exclusion from registration as an investment company, we could, among other things, be required either (a) to substantially change the manner in which we conduct our operations to avoid being required to register as an investment company, or (b) to register as an investment company, either of which could have an adverse effect on us and the market price of our common stock. If we were required to

 

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register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we would become subject to substantial regulation with respect to our capital structure (including our ability to use leverage), management, operations, transactions with affiliated persons (as defined in the Investment Company Act), portfolio composition, including restrictions with respect to diversification and industry concentration and other matters.

 

We intend to monitor our compliance with the exemptions under the Investment Company Act on an ongoing basis.

 

The special general partner interests will entitle Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is directly owned and controlled by our sponsor, to certain payments and distributions that will significantly reduce the distributions available to you after a 7% return. Lightstone SLP, LLC will receive returns on its special general partner interests that are subordinated to stockholders’ 7% return on their net investment. Distributions to stockholders will be reduced after they have received this 7% return because of the payments and distributions to Lightstone SLP, LLC in connection with its special general partner interests that will be issued as more proceeds are raised in this offering. In addition, we may eventually repay Lightstone SLP, LLC up to $30,000,000 for its investment in the special general partner interests, which will result in a smaller pool of assets available for distribution to you.

 

Conflicts of Interest

 

There are conflicts of interest between our dealer manager, advisor, property manager and their affiliates and us. David Lichtenstein, our sponsor, founded both American Shelter Corporation and The Lightstone Group, LLC in 1985. Mr. Lichtenstein wholly owns The Lightstone Group and does business in his individual capacity under that name. Through The Lightstone Group, Mr. Lichtenstein controls and indirectly owns our advisor, our property manager, our operating partnership, our dealer manager and affiliates, except for us, although he would own 0.8% of our shares indirectly through our advisor if we were to achieve the minimum offering. Mr. Lichtenstein is one of our directors and The Lightstone Group or an affiliated entity controlled by Mr. Lichtenstein employs Bruno de Vinck, our other non-independent director, and each of our officers. As a result, our operation and management may be influenced or affected by conflicts of interest arising out of our relationship with our affiliates. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

There is competition for the time and services of the personnel of our advisor and its affiliates. Our sponsor and its affiliates may compete with us for the time and services of the personnel of our advisor and its other affiliates in connection with our operation and the management of our assets. Specifically, employees of our sponsor, the advisor and the property manager will face conflicts of interest relating to time management and the allocation of resources and investment opportunities. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

We do not have employees. Likewise, our advisor will rely on the employees of the sponsor and its affiliates to manage and operate our business. The sponsor is not restricted from acquiring, developing, operating, managing, leasing or selling real estate through entities other than us and will continue to be actively involved in operations and activities other than our operations and activities. The sponsor currently controls and/or operates other entities that own properties in many of the markets in which we may seek to invest. The sponsor spends a material amount of time managing these properties and other assets unrelated to our business. Our business may suffer as a result because we lack the ability to manage it without the time and attention of our sponsor’s employees. We encourage you to read the “Conflicts of Interest” section of this prospectus for a further discussion of these topics.

 

Our sponsor and its affiliates are general partners and sponsors of other real estate programs having investment objectives and legal and financial obligations similar to ours. Because the sponsor and its affiliates have interests in other real estate programs and also engage in other business activities, they may have conflicts of interest in allocating their time and resources among our business and these other activities. Our officers and directors, as well as those of the advisor, may own equity interests in entities affiliated with our sponsor from

 

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which we may buy properties. These individuals may make substantial profits in connection with such transactions, which could result in conflicts of interest. Likewise, such individuals could make substantial profits as the result of investment opportunities allocated to entities affiliated with the sponsor other than us. As a result of these interests, they could pursue transactions that may not be in our best interest. Also, if our sponsor suffers financial or operational problems as the result of any of its activities, whether or not related to our business, the ability of our sponsor and its affiliates, our advisor and property manager to operate our business could be adversely impacted. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

Certain of our affiliates who provide services to us may be engaged in competitive activities. Our advisor, property manager and their respective affiliates may, in the future, be engaged in other activities that could result in potential conflicts of interest with the services that they will provide to us. In addition, the sponsor may compete with us for both the acquisition and/or refinancing of properties of a type suitable for our investment following the final closing of this offering, and after 75% of the total gross proceeds from the offering of the shares offered for sale pursuant to this offering have been invested or committed for investment in real properties. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

If we invest in joint ventures, the objectives of our partners may conflict with our objectives. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations. However, in accordance with one of our acquisition strategies, we may make investments in joint ventures or other partnership arrangements between us and affiliates of our sponsor or with unaffiliated third parties. Investments in joint ventures which own real properties may involve risks otherwise not present when we purchase real properties directly. For example, our co-venturer may file for bankruptcy protection, may have economic or business interests or goals which are inconsistent with our interests or goals, or may take actions contrary to our instructions, requests, policies or objectives. Among other things, actions by a co-venturer might subject real properties owned by the joint venture to liabilities greater than those contemplated by the terms of the joint venture or other adverse consequences.

 

These diverging interests could result in, among other things, exposing us to liabilities of the joint venture in excess of our proportionate share of these liabilities. The partition rights of each owner in a jointly owned property could reduce the value of each portion of the divided property. Moreover, there is an additional risk that the co-venturers may not be able to agree on matters relating to the property they jointly own. In addition, the fiduciary obligation that our sponsor or our board of directors may owe to our partner in an affiliated transaction may make it more difficult for us to enforce our rights.

 

We may purchase properties from affiliates. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations. However, we may purchase properties from our affiliates if the purchase is consistent with our investment procedures, objectives and policies and if other conditions are met. Every transaction entered into between us and our affiliates is subject to an inherent conflict of interest, although our charter provides that any such transactions will be approved by a majority of the directors (including a majority of independent directors) who are not otherwise interested in the transaction. Such directors must determine the proposed transaction to be fair and reasonable to us and on terms and conditions not less favorable to us than those available from unaffiliated third parties.

 

We may purchase real properties from persons with whom affiliates of our advisor have prior business relationships. If we purchase properties from third parties who have sold, or may sell, properties to our advisors or its affiliates, our advisor will experience a conflict between our current interests and its interest in preserving any ongoing business relationship with these sellers. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

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Property management services are being provided by an affiliated party. Our property manager is owned by our sponsor, and is thus subject to an inherent conflict of interest. In addition, our advisor may face a conflict of interest when determining whether we should dispose of any property we own that is managed by the property manager because the property manager may lose fees associated with the management of the property. Specifically, because the property manager will receive significant fees for managing our properties, our advisor may face a conflict of interest when determining whether we should sell properties under circumstances where the property manager would no longer manage the property after the transaction. As a result of this conflict of interest, we may not dispose of properties when it would be in our best interests to do so. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

Our advisor and its affiliates receive commissions, fees and other compensation based upon our investments. Some compensation is payable to our advisor whether or not there is cash available to make distributions to our stockholders. To the extent this occurs, our advisor and its affiliates benefit from us retaining ownership of our assets and leveraging our assets, while our stockholders may be better served by sale or disposition or not leveraging the assets. In addition, the advisor’s ability to receive fees and reimbursements depends on our continued investment in real properties. Therefore, the interest of the advisor and its affiliates in receiving fees may conflict with the interest of our stockholders in earning income on their investment in our common stock. Because asset management fees payable to our advisor are based on total assets under management, including assets purchased using indebtedness, our advisor may have an incentive to incur a high level of leverage in order to increase the total amount of assets under management. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

Our sponsor may face conflicts of interest in connection with the management of our day-to-day operations and in the enforcement of agreements between our sponsor and its affiliates. Although we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations, the property manager and the advisor will manage our day-to-day operations and properties pursuant to a management agreement and an advisory agreement. These agreements were not negotiated at arm’s length and certain fees payable by us under such agreements are paid regardless of our performance. Our sponsor and its affiliates may be in a conflict of interest position as to matters relating to these agreements. Examples include the computation of fees and reimbursements under such agreements, the enforcement and/or termination of the agreements and the priority of payments to third parties as opposed to amounts paid to our sponsor’s affiliates. These fees may be higher than fees charged by third parties in an arm’s-length transaction as a result of these conflicts.

 

We may compete with other entities affiliated with our sponsor for tenants. The sponsor and its affiliates are not prohibited from engaging, directly or indirectly, in any other business or from possessing interests in any other business venture or ventures, including businesses and ventures involved in the acquisition, development, ownership, management, leasing or sale of real estate projects. The sponsor or its affiliates may own and/or manage properties in most if not all geographical areas in which we expect to acquire real estate assets. Therefore, our properties may compete for tenants with other properties owned and/or managed by the sponsor and its affiliates. The sponsor may face conflicts of interest when evaluating tenant opportunities for our properties and other properties owned and/or managed by the sponsor and its affiliates and these conflicts of interest may have a negative impact on our ability to attract and retain tenants. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

We have the same legal counsel as our sponsor and its affiliates. Proskauer Rose LLP serves as our general legal counsel, as well as special counsel to our sponsor and various affiliates including, our advisor. The interests of our sponsor and its affiliates, including our sponsor, may become adverse to ours in the future. Under legal ethics rules, Proskauer Rose LLP may be precluded from representing us due to any conflict of interest between us and our sponsor and its affiliates, including our advisor.

 

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The “Conflicts of Interest” section discusses in more detail the more significant of these potential conflicts of interest, as well as the procedures that have been established to resolve a number of these potential conflicts.

 

Risks Related to our Organization, Structure and Management

 

We do not have any management experience organizing and operating a REIT. Although our sponsor has substantial experience investing in and managing real estate, neither we nor our sponsor has participated in the organization or operation of a REIT.

 

Limitations on Changes in Control (Anti-Takeover Provisions). We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations. Because of the way we are organized, we would be a difficult takeover target. Certain provisions in our charter, bylaws, operating partnership agreement, advisory agreement and Maryland law may have the effect of discouraging a third party from making an acquisition proposal and could thereby depress the price of our stock and inhibit a management change. Provisions which may have an anti-takeover effect and inhibit a change in our management include:

 

There are ownership limits and restrictions on transferability and ownership in our charter. In order for us to qualify as a REIT, no more than 50% of the outstanding shares of our stock may be beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals at any time during the last half of each taxable year. To make sure that we will not fail to qualify as a REIT under this test, our charter provides that, subject to some exceptions, no person may beneficially own (i) more than 9.8% in value of our aggregate outstanding stock or (ii) more than 9.8% in terms of the number of outstanding shares or the value of our common stock. Our board of directors may exempt a person from the 9.8% ownership limit upon such conditions as the board of directors may direct. However, our board of directors may not grant an exemption from the 9.8% ownership limit to any proposed transferee if it would result in the termination of our status as a REIT.

 

This restriction may:

 

    have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock; or

 

    compel a stockholder who had acquired more than 9.8% of our stock to dispose of the additional shares and, as a result, to forfeit the benefits of owning the additional shares.

 

Our charter permits our board of directors to issue preferred stock with terms that may discourage a third party from acquiring us. Our charter authorizes us to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of common stock or preferred stock. In addition, our board of directors may classify or reclassify any unissued shares of common stock or preferred stock and may set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. Our board of directors could establish a series of Preferred Stock that could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for the Common Stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.

 

The operating partnership agreement contains provisions that may discourage a third party from acquiring us. A limited partner in Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, a Delaware limited partnership and our operating partnership, has the option to exchange his or her limited partnership units for cash or, at our option, shares of our common stock. Those exchange rights are generally not exercisable until the limited partner has held those limited partnership units for more than one year. However, if we or the operating partnership propose to engage in any merger, consolidation or other combination with or into another person or a sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or a liquidation, or any reclassification, recapitalization or change of common and preferred stock into which a limited partnership common unit may be exchanged, each holder of a limited partnership unit will have the right to exchange the partnership unit into cash or, at our option, shares of common

 

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stock, prior to the stockholder vote on the transaction. As a result, limited partnership unit holders who timely exchange their units prior to the record date for the stockholder vote on any transaction will be entitled to vote their shares of common stock with respect to the transaction. The additional shares that might be outstanding as a result of these exchanges of limited partnership units may deter an acquisition proposal.

 

Maryland law may discourage a third party from acquiring us. Maryland law restricts mergers and other business combinations and provides that control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have limited voting rights. These provisions of Maryland law are more fully described below under the heading “Provisions of Maryland Law and of our Charter and Bylaws.” The business combination statute could have the effect of discouraging offers from third parties to acquire us and increasing the difficulty of successfully completing this type of offer. The control share statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by the sponsor and its affiliates of shares of our stock, however, this provision may be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.

 

Management and Policy Changes

 

We may not be reimbursed by our advisor for certain operational stage expenses. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations. However, our advisor may be required to reimburse us for certain operational stage expenses. In the event our advisor’s net worth or cash flow is not sufficient to cover these expenses, we will not be reimbursed. This may adversely affect our financial condition and our ability to pay distributions.

 

Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against the directors and the advisor are limited. Maryland law provides that a director has no liability in that capacity if he or she performs his duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. Subject to the restrictions discussed below, our charter, in the case of our directors, officers, employees and agents, and the advisory agreement, in the case of the advisor, require us to indemnify our directors, officers, employees and agents and the advisor for actions taken on our behalf, in good faith and in our best interest and without negligence or misconduct or, in the case of independent directors, without gross negligence or willful misconduct. As a result, we and the stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors, officers, employees and agents, and the advisor than might otherwise exist under common law. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our directors, officers, employees and agents or the advisor in some cases.

 

Stockholders have limited control over changes in our policies. Our board of directors determines our major policies, including our investment objectives, financing, growth, debt capitalization, REIT qualification and distributions. Subject to the investment objections and limitations set forth in our charter, our board of directors may amend or revise these and other policies. Although stockholders will have limited control over changes in our policies, our charter requires the concurrence of a majority of our outstanding stock in order for the board of directors to amend our charter (except for amendments that do not adversely affect stockholders’ rights, preferences and privileges), sell all or substantially all of our assets other than in the ordinary course of business or in connection with our liquidation or dissolution, cause our merger or other reorganization, or dissolve or liquidate us, other than before our initial investment in property.

 

Certain of our affiliates will receive substantial fees prior to the payment of dividends to our stockholders. We will pay or cause to be paid substantial compensation to our dealer manager, advisor, property manager, management and affiliates and their employees. We will pay various types of compensation to affiliates of The Lightstone Group and such affiliates’ employees, including salaries, other cash compensation and options. In addition, our affiliates, Lightstone Securities and Lightstone Value Plus REIT LLC, will receive compensation for acting, respectively, as our dealer manager and advisor (although we will pay dealer manager fees and selling

 

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commissions with the proceeds from the sale of the special general partner interests in our operating partnership to the sponsor or an affiliate). In general, this compensation will not be dependent on our success or profitability. These payments are payable before the payment of dividends to the stockholders and none of these payments are subordinated to a specified return to the stockholders. Also, Lightstone Value Plus REIT Management LLC, our property manager and an affiliate of The Lightstone Group, will receive compensation under the Management Agreement though, in general, this compensation would be dependent on our gross revenues. In addition, other affiliates may from time to time provide services to us if and as approved by the disinterested directors. It is possible that we could obtain such goods and services from unrelated persons at a lesser price. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

Limitations on Liability and Indemnification

 

The liability of directors and officers is limited. Our directors and officers will not be liable for monetary damages unless the director or officer actually received an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services, or is adjudged to be liable to us or our stockholders based on a finding that his or her action, or failure to act, was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty and was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding.

 

Our directors are also required to act in good faith in a manner believed by them to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. A director who performs his or her duties in accordance with the foregoing standards should not be liable to us or any other person for failure to discharge his obligations as a director. We are permitted to purchase and maintain insurance or provide similar protection on behalf of any directors, officers, employees and agents, including our advisor and its affiliates, against any liability asserted which was incurred in any such capacity with us or arising out of such status, except as limited by our charter. This may result in us having to expend significant funds, which will reduce the available cash for distribution to our stockholders.

 

Our charter prohibits us from indemnifying or holding harmless, for any loss or liability that we suffer, any director, officer, employee, agent or the advisor or its affiliates. For details regarding these restrictions, their effect on our ability to indemnify or hold harmless for liability and circumstances under which we are required or authorized to indemnify and to advance expenses to our directors, officers or the advisor, see “Limitation of Liability and Indemnification of Directors, Officers and Our Advisor.”

 

We may indemnify our directors, officers and agents against loss. Under our charter, we will, under specified conditions, indemnify and pay or reimburse reasonable expenses to our directors, officers, employees and other agents, including our advisor and its affiliates, against all liabilities incurred in connection with their serving in such capacities, subject to the limitations set forth in our charter. We may also enter into any contract for indemnity and advancement of expenses in this regard. This may result in us having to expend significant funds, which will reduce the available cash for distribution to our stockholders. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

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Risks Associated with our Properties and the Market

 

Real Estate Investment Risks

 

Operating risks.

 

Failure to generate revenue may reduce distributions to stockholders. The cash flow from equity investments in commercial and residential properties depends on the amount of revenue generated and expenses incurred in operating the properties. If our properties do not generate revenue sufficient to meet operating expenses, debt service, and capital expenditures, our income and ability to make distributions to you will be adversely affected. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

Economic conditions may adversely affect our income. A commercial or residential property’s income and value may be adversely affected by national and regional economic conditions, local real estate conditions such as an oversupply of properties or a reduction in demand for properties, availability of “for sale” properties, competition from other similar properties, our ability to provide adequate maintenance, insurance and management services, increased operating costs (including real estate taxes), the attractiveness and location of the property and changes in market rental rates. Our income will be adversely affected if a significant number of tenants are unable to pay rent or if our properties cannot be rented on favorable terms. Our performance is linked to economic conditions in the regions where our properties will be located and in the market for residential, office, retail and industrial space generally. Therefore, to the extent that there are adverse economic conditions in those regions, and in these markets generally, that impact the applicable market rents, such conditions could result in a reduction of our income and cash available for distributions and thus affect the amount of distributions we can make to you. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

The profitability of attempted acquisitions is uncertain. We intend to acquire properties selectively. Acquisition of properties entails risks that investments will fail to perform in accordance with expectations. In undertaking these acquisitions, we will incur certain risks, including the expenditure of funds on, and the devotion of management’s time to, transactions that may not come to fruition. Additional risks inherent in acquisitions include risks that the properties will not achieve anticipated occupancy levels and that estimates of the costs of improvements to bring an acquired property up to standards established for the market position intended for that property may prove inaccurate. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

Real estate investments are illiquid. Because real estate investments are relatively illiquid, our ability to vary our portfolio promptly in response to economic or other conditions will be limited. In addition, certain significant expenditures, such as debt service, real estate taxes, and operating and maintenance costs generally are not reduced in circumstances resulting in a reduction in income from the investment. The foregoing and any other factor or event that would impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our investments could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

Rising expenses could reduce cash flow and funds available for future acquisitions. Our properties will be subject to increases in tax rates, utility costs, operating expenses, insurance costs, repairs and maintenance, administrative and other expenses. While some of our properties may be leased on a triple-net-lease basis or require the tenants to pay a portion of the expenses, renewals of leases or future leases may not be negotiated on that basis, in which event we will have to pay those costs. If we are unable to lease properties on a triple-net-lease basis or on a basis requiring the tenants to pay all or some of the expenses, we would be required to pay those costs, which could adversely affect funds available for future acquisitions or cash available for distributions. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

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We will depend on tenants who lease from us on a triple-net basis to pay the appropriate portion of expenses. If tenants of properties that we lease on a triple-net basis fail to pay required tax, utility and other impositions, we could be required to pay those costs, which would adversely affect funds available for future acquisitions or cash available for distributions. If we lease properties on a triple-net basis, we run the risk of tenant default or downgrade in the tenant’s credit, which could lead to default, and foreclosure on the underlying property. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

If we purchase assets at a time when the commercial and residential real estate market is experiencing substantial influxes of capital investment and competition for properties, the real estate we purchase may not appreciate or may decrease in value. The commercial and residential real estate markets are currently experiencing a substantial influx of capital from investors. This substantial flow of capital, combined with significant competition for real estate, may result in inflated purchase prices for such assets. To the extent we purchase real estate in such an environment, we are subject to the risk that if the real estate market ceases to attract the same level of capital investment in the future as it is currently attracting, or if the number of companies seeking to acquire such assets decreases, our returns will be lower and the value of our assets may not appreciate or may decrease significantly below the amount we paid for such assets. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major commercial tenant would adversely impact us. Any or all of our commercial tenants, or a guarantor of a commercial tenant’s lease obligations, could be subject to a bankruptcy proceeding. The bankruptcy or insolvency of a significant commercial tenant or a number of smaller commercial tenants would have an adverse impact on our income and our ability to pay dividends because a tenant or lease guarantor bankruptcy could delay efforts to collect past due balances under the relevant leases, and could ultimately preclude full collection of these sums. Such an event could cause a decrease or cessation of rental payments which would mean a reduction in our cash flow and the amount available for distributions to you.

 

Generally, under bankruptcy law, a tenant has the option of continuing or terminating any unexpired lease. In the event of a bankruptcy, we cannot assure you that the tenant or its trustee will continue our lease. If a given lease, or guaranty of a lease, is not assumed, our cash flow and the amounts available for distributions to you may be adversely affected. If the tenant continues its current lease, the tenant must cure all defaults under the lease and provide adequate assurance of its future performance under the lease. If the tenant terminates the lease, we will lose future rent under the lease and our claim for past due amounts owing under the lease will be treated as a general unsecured claim and may be subject to certain limitations. General unsecured claims are the last claims paid in a bankruptcy and therefore this claim could be paid only in the event funds were available, and then only in the same percentage as that realized on other unsecured claims. While the bankruptcy of any tenant and the rejection of its lease may provide us with an opportunity to lease the vacant space to another more desirable tenant on better terms, there can be no assurance that we would be able to do so. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

The terms of new leases may adversely impact our income. Even if the tenants of our properties do renew their leases or we relet the units to new tenants, the terms of renewal or reletting may be less favorable than current lease terms. If the lease rates upon renewal or reletting are significantly lower than expected rates, then our results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected. As noted above, certain significant expenditures associated with each equity investment in real estate (such as mortgage payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs) are generally not reduced when circumstances result in a reduction in rental income. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

We may depend on commercial tenants for our revenue and therefore our revenue may depend on the success and economic viability of our commercial tenants. Our reliance on single or significant commercial

 

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tenants in certain buildings may decrease our ability to lease vacated space. Our financial results will depend in part on leasing space in the properties we acquire to tenants on economically favorable terms. A default by a commercial tenant, the failure of a guarantor to fulfill its obligations or other premature termination of a lease, or a commercial tenant’s election not to extend a lease upon its expiration could have an adverse effect on our income, general financial condition and ability to pay distributions. Therefore, our financial success is indirectly dependent on the success of the businesses operated by the commercial tenants of our properties.

 

Lease payment defaults by commercial tenants would most likely cause us to reduce the amount of distributions to stockholders. In the event of a tenant default, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment and re-letting our property. A default by a significant commercial tenant or a substantial number of commercial tenants at any one time on lease payments to us would cause us to lose the revenue associated with such lease(s) and cause us to have to find an alternative source of revenue to meet mortgage payments and prevent a foreclosure if the property is subject to a mortgage. Therefore, lease payment defaults by tenants could cause us to reduce the amount of distributions to stockholders.

 

Commercial tenants may have the right to terminate their leases upon the occurrence of certain customary events of default and, in other circumstances, may not renew their leases or, because of market conditions, may be able to renew their leases on terms that are less favorable to us than the terms of the current leases. If a lease is terminated, we cannot assure you that we will be able to lease the property for the rent previously received or sell the property without incurring a loss. Therefore, the weakening of the financial condition of a significant commercial tenant or a number of smaller commercial tenants and vacancies caused by defaults of tenants or the expiration of leases may adversely affect our operations. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

A property that incurs a vacancy could be difficult to re-lease. A property may incur a vacancy either by the continued default of a tenant under its lease or the expiration of one of our leases. If we terminate any lease following a default by a lessee, we will have to re-lease the affected property in order to maintain our qualification as a REIT. If a tenant vacates a property, we may be unable either to re-lease the property for the rent due under the prior lease or to re-lease the property without incurring additional expenditures relating to the property. In addition, we could experience delays in enforcing our rights against, and collecting rents (and, in some cases, real estate taxes and insurance costs) due from a defaulting tenant. Any delay we experience in re-leasing a property or difficulty in re-leasing at acceptable rates may reduce cash available to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

In many cases, tenant leases contain provisions giving the tenant the exclusive right to sell particular types of merchandise or provide specific types of services within the particular retail center, or limit the ability of other tenants to sell such merchandise or provide such services. When re-leasing space after a vacancy is necessary, these provisions may limit the number and types of prospective tenants for the vacant space.

 

We also may have to incur substantial expenditures in connection with any re-leasing. A number of our properties may be specifically suited to the particular needs of our tenants. Therefore, we may have difficulty obtaining a new tenant for any vacant space we have in our properties, particularly if the floor plan of the vacant space limits the types of businesses that can use the space without major renovation. If the vacancy continues for a long period of time, we may suffer reduced revenues resulting in less cash dividends to be distributed to stockholders. As noted above, certain significant expenditures associated with each equity investment (such as mortgage payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs) are generally not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in income from the investment. The failure to re-lease or to re-lease on satisfactory terms could result in a reduction of our income, funds from operations and cash available for distributions and thus affect the amount of distributions to you. In addition, the resale value of the property could be diminished because the market value of a particular property will depend principally upon the value of the leases of such property. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

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We may be unable to sell a property if or when we decide to do so. We may give some commercial tenants the right, but not the obligation, to purchase their properties from us beginning a specified number of years after the date of the lease. Some of our leases also generally provide the tenant with a right of first refusal on any proposed sale provisions. These policies may lessen the ability of the advisor and our board of directors to freely control the sale of the property.

 

Although we may grant a lessee a right of first offer or option to purchase a property, there is no assurance that the lessee will exercise that right or that the price offered by the lessee in the case of a right of first offer will be adequate. In connection with the acquisition of a property, we may agree on restrictions that prohibit the sale of that property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that property. Even absent such restrictions, the real estate market is affected by many factors, such as general economic conditions, availability of financing, interest rates and other factors, including supply and demand, that are beyond our control. We may not be able to sell any property for the price or on the terms set by us, and prices or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser may not be acceptable to us. We cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a property. We may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a property can be sold. We may not have funds available to correct such defects or to make such improvements. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

We may not make a profit if we sell a property. The prices that we can obtain when we determine to sell a property will depend on many factors that are presently unknown, including the operating history, tax treatment of real estate investments, demographic trends in the area and available financing. There is a risk that we will not realize any significant appreciation on our investment in a property. Accordingly, your ability to recover all or any portion of your investment under such circumstances will depend on the amount of funds so realized and claims to be satisfied therefrom. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

Our properties may not be diversified. We are making this offering on a best efforts basis and the offering is conditioned on the sale of at least 1,000,000 shares of common stock for $10,000,000. We will deposit subscription payments in an escrow account, and if we do not achieve the minimum offering, we will terminate this offering and we will promptly return your subscription payments with interest. If a refund is made because of a failure to achieve the minimum offering, The Lightstone Group will pay any escrow fees and no amounts will be deducted from the escrow funds. Because this offering will be made on a best efforts basis, our potential profitability and our ability to diversify our investments, both geographically and by type of properties purchased, will be limited by the amount of funds we raise. We will be able to purchase additional properties only as additional funds are raised. We might not sell the minimum number of shares and, if we do not, all proceeds from subscribers will be returned to them together with the interest earned on the proceeds. Moreover, even if we sell 30,000,000 shares of common stock for $300,000,000, our properties may not be well diversified and their economic performance could be affected by changes in local economic conditions.

 

Our current strategy is to acquire interests primarily in industrial facilities, retail space (primarily multi-tenanted shopping centers), office buildings, residential apartment communities and other income-producing real estate. As a result, we are subject to the risks inherent in investing in these industries. A downturn in the office, industrial, retail or residential industry may have more pronounced effects on the amount of cash available to us for distribution or on the value of our assets than if we had diversified our investments.

 

Our performance is therefore linked to economic conditions in the regions in which we will acquire properties and in the market for real estate properties generally. Therefore, to the extent that there are adverse economic conditions in the regions in which our properties are located and in the market for real estate properties, such conditions could result in a reduction of our income and cash to return capital and thus affect the amount of distributions we can make to you. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

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We may incur liabilities in connection with properties we acquire. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations. However, our anticipated acquisition activities are subject to many risks. We may acquire properties or entities that are subject to liabilities or that have problems relating to environmental condition, state of title, physical condition or compliance with zoning laws, building codes, or other legal requirements. In each case, our acquisition may be without any recourse, or with only limited recourse, with respect to unknown liabilities or conditions. As a result, if any liability were asserted against us relating to those properties or entities, or if any adverse condition existed with respect to the properties or entities, we might have to pay substantial sums to settle or cure it, which could adversely affect our cash flow and operating results. However, some of these liabilities may be covered by insurance. In addition, we intend to perform customary due diligence regarding each property or entity we acquire. We also will attempt to obtain appropriate representations and indemnities from the sellers of the properties or entities we acquire, although it is possible that the sellers may not have the resources to satisfy their indemnification obligations if a liability arises. Unknown liabilities to third parties with respect to properties or entities acquired might include:

 

    liabilities for clean-up of undisclosed environmental contamination;

 

    claims by tenants, vendors or other persons dealing with the former owners of the properties;

 

    liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business; and

 

    claims for indemnification by general partners, directors, officers and others indemnified by the former owners of the properties.

 

Competition with third parties in acquiring and operating properties may reduce our profitability and the return on your investment. We compete with many other entities engaged in real estate investment activities, many of which have greater resources than we do. Specifically, there are numerous commercial developers, real estate companies, real estate investment trusts and U.S. institutional and foreign investors that operate in the markets in which we may operate, that will compete with us in acquiring residential, office, retail, industrial and other properties that will be seeking investments and tenants for these properties. Many of these entities have significant financial and other resources, including operating experience, allowing them to compete effectively with us. Competitors with substantially greater financial resources than us may generally be able to accept more risk than we can prudently manage, including risks with respect to the creditworthiness of entities in which investments may be made or risks attendant to a geographic concentration of investments. In addition, those competitors that are not REITs may be at an advantage to the extent they can utilize working capital to finance projects, while we (and our competitors that are REITs) will be required by the annual distribution provisions under the Internal Revenue Code to distribute significant amounts of cash from operations to our stockholders. Demand from third parties for properties that meet our investment objectives could result in an increase of the price of such properties. If we pay higher prices for properties, our profitability may be reduced and you may experience a lower return on your investment. In addition, our properties may be located in close proximity to other properties that will compete against our properties for tenants. Many of these competing properties may be better located and/or appointed than the properties that we will acquire, giving these properties a competitive advantage over our properties, and we may, in the future, face additional competition from properties not yet constructed or even planned. This competition could adversely affect our business. The number of competitive properties could have a material effect on our ability to rent space at our properties and the amount of rents charged. We could be adversely affected if additional competitive properties are built in locations competitive with our properties, causing increased competition for residential renters, retail customer traffic and creditworthy commercial tenants. In addition, our ability to charge premium rental rates to tenants may be negatively impacted. This increased competition may increase our costs of acquisitions or lower the occupancies and the rent we may charge tenants. This could result in decreased cash flow from tenants and may require us to make capital improvements to properties which we would not have otherwise made, thus affecting cash available for distributions to you. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations. See “Competition.”

 

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We may not have control over costs arising from rehabilitation of properties. We may elect to acquire properties which may require rehabilitation. In particular, we may acquire affordable properties that we will rehabilitate and convert to market rate properties. Consequently, we intend to retain independent general contractors to perform the actual physical rehabilitation work and will be subject to risks in connection with a contractor’s ability to control rehabilitation costs, the timing of completion of rehabilitation, and a contractor’s ability to build in conformity with plans and specifications. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

We may incur losses as result of defaults by the purchasers of properties we sell in certain circumstances. If we decide to sell any of our properties, we will use our best efforts to sell them for cash. However, we may sell our properties by providing financing to purchasers. When we provide financing to purchasers, we will bear the risk of default by the purchaser and will be subject to remedies provided by law. There are no limitations or restrictions on our ability to take purchase money obligations. We may incur losses as a result of such defaults, which may adversely affect our available cash and our ability to make distributions to stockholders. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

We may experience energy shortages and allocations. There may be shortages or increased costs of fuel, natural gas, water, electric power or allocations thereof by suppliers or governmental regulatory bodies in the areas where we purchase properties, in which event the operation of our properties may be adversely affected. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

We may acquire properties with lock-out provisions which may prohibit us from selling a property, or may require us to maintain specified debt levels for a period of years on some properties. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations. However, we may acquire properties in exchange for operating partnership units and agree to restrictions on sales or refinancing, called “lock-out” provisions that are intended to preserve favorable tax treatment for the owners of such properties who sell them to us. Lock-out provisions may restrict sales or refinancings for a certain period in order to comply with the applicable government regulations. Lock-out provisions could materially restrict us from selling or otherwise disposing of or refinancing properties. This would affect our ability to turn our investments into cash and thus affect cash available to return capital to you. Lock-out provisions could impair our ability to take actions during the lock-out period that would otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders and, therefore, might have an adverse impact on the value of the shares, relative to the value that would result if the lock-out provisions did not exist. In particular, lock-out provisions could preclude us from participating in major transactions that could result in a disposition of our assets or a change in control even though that disposition or change in control might be in the best interests of our stockholders.

 

Changes in applicable laws may adversely affect the income and value of our properties. The income and value of a property may be affected by such factors as environmental, rent control and other laws and regulations, changes in applicable general and real estate tax laws (including the possibility of changes in the federal income tax laws or the lengthening of the depreciation period for real estate) and interest rates, the availability of financing, acts of nature (such as hurricanes and floods) and other factors beyond our control. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

We may be affected by foreign government regulations and actions and foreign conditions. If we pursue investment opportunities in international markets, foreign laws and governmental regulations may be applicable to us, our affiliates and our investors. Changes in these laws and governmental regulations, or their interpretation by agencies or the courts, could occur. Further, economic and political factors, including civil unrest, governmental changes and restrictions on the ability to transfer capital across borders in the United States, but

 

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primarily in the foreign countries in which we may invest, can have a major impact on us. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

Retail industry risks.

 

Although we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations, some of the properties that we intend to own and operate may consist of retail properties (primarily multi-tenanted shopping centers). Our retail properties will be subject to the various risks discussed above. In addition, they will be subject to the risks discussed below.

 

Retail conditions may adversely affect our income. A retail property’s revenues and value may be adversely affected by a number of factors, many of which apply to real estate investment generally, but which also include trends in the retail industry and perceptions by retailers or shoppers of the safety, convenience and attractiveness of the retail property. In addition, to the extent that the investing public has a negative perception of the retail sector, the value of our common stock may be negatively impacted.

 

Some of our leases may provide for base rent plus contractual base rent increases. A number of our retail leases may also include a percentage rent clause for additional rent above the base amount based upon a specified percentage of the sales our tenants generate. Under those leases which contain percentage rent clauses, our revenue from tenants may increase as the sales of our tenants increase. Generally, retailers face declining revenues during downturns in the economy. As a result, the portion of our revenue which we may derive from percentage rent leases could decline upon a general economic downturn. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

Our revenue will be impacted by the success and economic viability of our anchor retail tenants. Our reliance on single or significant tenants in certain buildings may decrease our ability to lease vacated space. In the retail sector, any tenant occupying a large portion of the gross leasable area of a retail center, a tenant of any of the triple-net single-user retail properties outside the primary geographical area of investment, commonly referred to as an anchor tenant, or a tenant that is our anchor tenant at more than one retail center, may become insolvent, may suffer a downturn in business, or may decide not to renew its lease. Any of these events would result in a reduction or cessation in rental payments to us and would adversely affect our financial condition. A lease termination by an anchor tenant could result in lease terminations or reductions in rent by other tenants whose leases permit cancellation or rent reduction if another tenant’s lease is terminated. We may own properties where the tenants may have rights to terminate their leases if certain other tenants are no longer open for business. These “co-tenancy” provisions may also exist in some leases where we own a portion of a retail property and one or more of the anchor tenants leases space in that portion of the center not owned or controlled by us. If such tenants were to vacate their space, tenants with co-tenancy provisions would have the right to terminate their leases with us or seek a rent reduction from us. In such event, we may be unable to re-lease the vacated space. Similarly, the leases of some anchor tenants may permit the anchor tenant to transfer its lease to another retailer. The transfer to a new anchor tenant could cause customer traffic in the retail center to decrease and thereby reduce the income generated by that retail center. A lease transfer to a new anchor tenant could also allow other tenants to make reduced rental payments or to terminate their leases at the retail center. In the event that we are unable to re-lease the vacated space to a new anchor tenant, we may incur additional expenses in order to re-model the space to be able to re-lease the space to more than one tenant. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

Competition with other retail channels may reduce our profitability and the return on your investment. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations. However, our retail tenants will face potentially changing consumer preferences and increasing competition from other forms of retailing, such as discount shopping centers, outlet

 

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centers, upscale neighborhood strip centers, catalogues, discount shopping clubs, internet and telemarketing. Other retail centers within the market area of our properties will compete with our properties for customers, affecting their tenants’ cash flows and thus affecting their ability to pay rent. In addition, some of our tenants’ rent payments may be based on the amount of sales revenue that they generate. If these tenants experience competition, the amount of their rent may decrease and our cash flow will decrease.

 

Residential industry risks.

 

Although we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations, some of the properties that we intend to own and operate may consist of residential properties. Our residential properties will be subject to the various risks discussed above. In addition, they will be subject to the risks discussed below.

 

The short-term nature of our residential leases may adversely impact our income. If our residents decide not to renew their leases upon expiration, we may not be able to relet their units. Because substantially all of our residential leases will be for apartments, they will generally be for terms of no more than one or two years. If we are unable to promptly renew the leases or relet the units then our results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected. Certain significant expenditures associated with each equity investment in real estate (such as mortgage payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs) are generally not reduced when circumstances result in a reduction in rental income. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

An economic downturn could adversely affect the residential industry and may affect operations for the residential properties that we acquire. As a result of the effects of an economic downturn, including increased unemployment rates, the residential industry may experience a significant decline in business caused by a reduction in overall renters. Moreover, low residential mortgage interest rates could accompany an economic downturn and encourage potential renters to purchase residences rather than lease them. The residential properties we acquire may experience declines in occupancy rate due to any such decline in residential mortgage interest rates. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

Real Estate Financing Risks

 

General Financing Risks

 

We plan to incur mortgage indebtedness and other borrowings, which may increase our business risks. We intend to acquire properties subject to existing financing or by borrowing new funds. In addition, we intend to incur or increase our mortgage debt by obtaining loans secured by selected or all of the real properties to obtain funds to acquire additional real properties. We may also borrow funds if necessary to satisfy the requirement that we distribute to stockholders as dividends at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income, or otherwise as is necessary or advisable to assure that we maintain our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

 

We intend to incur mortgage debt on a particular real property if we believe the property’s projected cash flow is sufficient to service the mortgage debt. However, if there is a shortfall in cash flow, requiring us to use cash from other sources to make the mortgage payments on the property, then the amount available for distributions to stockholders may be affected. In addition, incurring mortgage debt increases the risk of loss since defaults on indebtedness secured by properties may result in foreclosure actions initiated by lenders and our loss of the property securing the loan which is in default. For tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our properties would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure, but would not receive any cash proceeds. We may, in some circumstances, give a guaranty on behalf of an entity that owns one of our properties. In these

 

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cases, we will be responsible to the lender for satisfaction of the debt if it is not paid by such entity. If any mortgages contain cross-collateralization or cross-default provisions, there is a risk that more than one real property may be affected by a default.

 

Any mortgage debt which we place on properties may contain clauses providing for prepayment penalties. If a lender invokes these penalties upon the sale of a property or the prepayment of a mortgage on a property, the cost to us to sell the property could increase substantially, and may even be prohibitive. This could lead to a reduction in our income, which would reduce cash available for distribution to stockholders and may prevent us from borrowing more money. Moreover, if we enter into financing arrangements involving balloon payment obligations, such financing arrangements will involve greater risks than financing arrangements whose principal amount is amortized over the term of the loan. At the time the balloon payment is due, we may or may not be able to refinance the balloon payment on terms as favorable as the original loan or sell the property at a price sufficient to make the balloon payment. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

If we have insufficient working capital reserves, we will have to obtain financing from other sources. We have established working capital reserves that we believe are adequate to cover our cash needs. However, if these reserves are insufficient to meet our cash needs, we may have to obtain financing to fund our cash requirements. Sufficient financing may not be available or, if available, may not be available on economically feasible terms or on terms acceptable to us. If mortgage debt is unavailable at reasonable rates, we will not be able to place financing on the properties, which could reduce the number of properties we can acquire and the amount of distributions per share. If we place mortgage debt on the properties, we run the risk of being unable to refinance the properties when the loans come due, or of being unable to refinance on favorable terms. If interest rates are higher when the properties are refinanced, our income could be reduced, which would reduce cash available for distribution to stockholders and may prevent us from borrowing more money. Additional borrowing for working capital purposes will increase our interest expense, and therefore our financial condition and our ability to pay distributions may be adversely affected. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

We may not have funding or capital resources for future improvements. When a commercial tenant at one of our properties does not renew its lease or otherwise vacates its space in one of our buildings, it is likely that, in order to attract one or more new tenants, we will be required to expend substantial funds for leasing costs, tenant improvements and tenant refurbishments to the vacated space. We will incur certain fixed operating costs during the time the space is vacant as well as leasing commissions and related costs to re-lease the vacated space. We may also have similar future capital needs in order to renovate or refurbish any of our properties for other reasons.

 

Also, in the event we need to secure funding sources in the future but are unable to secure such sources or are unable to secure funding on terms we feel are acceptable, we may be required to defer capital improvements or refurbishment to a property. This may cause such property to suffer from a greater risk of obsolescence or a decline in value and/or produce decreased cash flow as the result of our inability to attract tenants to the property. If this happens, we may not be able to maintain projected rental rates for affected properties, and our results of operations may be negatively impacted. Or, we may be required to secure funding on unfavorable terms. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

We may be adversely affected by limitations in our charter on the aggregate amount we may borrow. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations. However, our charter limits the aggregate amount we may borrow, absent approval by our independent directors and justification for such excess. That limitation could have adverse business consequences such as:

 

    limiting our ability to purchase additional properties;

 

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    causing us to lose our REIT status if additional borrowing was necessary to pay the required minimum amount of cash distributions to our stockholders to maintain our status as a REIT;

 

    causing operational problems if there are cash flow shortfalls for working capital purposes; and

 

    resulting in the loss of a property if, for example, financing was necessary to repay a default on a mortgage.

 

Any excess borrowing over the 300% level will be disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report, along with justification for such excess.

 

Lenders may require us to enter into restrictive covenants relating to our operations. In connection with obtaining financing, a bank or other lender could impose restrictions on us affecting our ability to incur additional debt and our distribution and operating policies. Loan documents we enter into may contain negative covenants limiting our ability to, among other things, further mortgage our properties, discontinue insurance coverage or replace Lightstone Value Plus REIT LLC as our advisor. In addition, prepayment penalties imposed by banks or other lenders could affect our ability to sell properties when we want. However, we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

Financing Risks on the Property Level

 

Some of our mortgage loans may have “due on sale” provisions. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations. However, in purchasing properties subject to financing, we may obtain financing with “due-on-sale” and/or “due-on-encumbrance” clauses. Due-on-sale clauses in mortgages allow a mortgage lender to demand full repayment of the mortgage loan if the borrower sells the mortgaged property. Similarly, due-on-encumbrance clauses allow a mortgage lender to demand full repayment if the borrower uses the real estate securing the mortgage loan as security for another loan. These clauses may cause the maturity date of such mortgage loans to be accelerated and such financing to become due. In such event, we may be required to sell our properties on an all-cash basis, to acquire new financing in connection with the sale, or to provide seller financing. It is not our intent to provide seller financing, although it may be necessary or advisable for us to do so in order to facilitate the sale of a property. It is unknown whether the holders of mortgages encumbering our properties will require such acceleration or whether other mortgage financing will be available. Such factors will depend on the mortgage market and on financial and economic conditions existing at the time of such sale or refinancing.

 

Lenders may be able to recover against our other properties under our mortgage loans. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations. However, we will seek secured loans (which are nonrecourse) to acquire properties. However, only recourse financing may be available, in which event, in addition to the property securing the loan, the lender may look to our other assets for satisfaction of the debt. Thus, should we be unable to repay a recourse loan with the proceeds from the sale or other disposition of the property securing the loan, the lender could look to one or more of our other properties for repayment. Also, in order to facilitate the sale of a property, we may allow the buyer to purchase the property subject to an existing loan whereby we remain responsible for the debt.

 

Our mortgage loans may charge variable interest. Some of our mortgage loans will be subject to fluctuating interest rates based on certain index rates, such as the prime rate. Future increases in the index rates would result in increases in debt service on variable rate loans and thus reduce funds available for acquisitions of properties and dividends to the stockholders. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

Insurance Risks.

 

We may suffer losses that are not covered by insurance. If we suffer losses that are not covered by insurance or that are in excess of insurance coverage, we could lose invested capital and anticipated profits. We

 

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intend to cause comprehensive insurance to be obtained for our properties, including casualty, liability, fire, extended coverage and rental loss customarily obtained for similar properties in amounts which our advisor determines are sufficient to cover reasonably foreseeable losses, with policy specifications and insured limits that we believe are adequate and appropriate under the circumstances. Some of our commercial tenants may be responsible for insuring their goods and premises and, in some circumstances, may be required to reimburse us for a share of the cost of acquiring comprehensive insurance for the property, including casualty, liability, fire and extended coverage customarily obtained for similar properties in amounts which our advisor determines are sufficient to cover reasonably foreseeable losses. Material losses may occur in excess of insurance proceeds with respect to any property as insurance proceeds may not provide sufficient resources to fund the losses. However, there are types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as losses due to wars, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pollution, environmental matters, mold or, in the future, terrorism which are either uninsurable or not economically insurable, or may be insured subject to limitations, such as large deductibles or copayments. Insurance companies have recently begun to exclude acts of terrorism from standard coverage. Terrorism insurance is currently available at an increased premium, and it is possible that the premium will increase in the future or that terrorism coverage will become unavailable. However, mortgage lenders in some cases have begun to insist that specific coverage against terrorism be purchased by commercial owners as a condition for providing loans. We intend to obtain terrorism insurance if required by our lenders, but the terrorism insurance that we obtain may not be sufficient to cover loss for damages to our properties as a result of terrorist attacks. In addition, we may not be able to obtain insurance against the risk of terrorism because it may not be available or may not be available on terms that are economically feasible. In such instances, we may be required to provide other financial support, either through financial assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. We cannot assure you that we will have adequate coverage for such losses. If such an event occurred to, or caused the destruction of, one or more of our properties, we could lose both our invested capital and anticipated profits from such property. In addition, certain losses resulting from these types of events are uninsurable and others may not be covered by our terrorism insurance. Terrorism insurance may not be available at a reasonable price or at all. In addition, many insurance carriers are excluding asbestos-related claims from standard policies, pricing asbestos endorsements at prohibitively high rates or adding significant restrictions to this coverage. Because of our inability to obtain specialized coverage at rates that correspond to the perceived level of risk, we may not obtain insurance for acts of terrorism or asbestos-related claims. We will continue to evaluate the availability and cost of additional insurance coverage from the insurance market. If we decide in the future to purchase insurance for terrorism or asbestos, the cost could have a negative impact on our results of operations. If an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occurs on a property, we could lose our capital invested in the property, as well as the anticipated future revenues from the property and, in the case of debt that is recourse to us, would remain obligated for any mortgage debt or other financial obligations related to the property. Any loss of this nature would adversely affect us. Although we intend to adequately insure our properties, we cannot assure that we will successfully do so. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations.

 

Compliance with Laws.

 

The costs of compliance with environmental laws and regulations may adversely affect our income and the cash available for any distributions. All real property and the operations conducted on real property are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and human health and safety. These laws and regulations generally govern wastewater discharges, air emissions, the operation and removal of underground and above-ground storage tanks, the use, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous materials, and the remediation of contamination associated with disposals. Some of these laws and regulations may impose joint and several liability on tenants, owners or operators for the costs of investigation or remediation of contaminated properties, regardless of fault or the legality of the original disposal. Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner, developer or operator of real estate may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances at, on, under or in its property. The costs of removal or remediation could be substantial. In addition, the presence of these substances, or the failure to properly remediate these substances, may adversely affect our ability to sell or rent such property or to use the property as collateral for future borrowing.

 

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Environmental laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of hazardous or toxic materials. Even if more than one person may have been responsible for the contamination, each person covered by the environmental laws may be held responsible for all of the clean-up costs incurred. In addition, third parties may sue the owner or operator of a site for damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination arising from that site. The presence of hazardous or toxic materials, or the failure to address conditions relating to their presence properly, may adversely affect the ability to rent or sell the property or to borrow using the property as collateral. Persons who dispose of or arrange for the disposal or treatment of hazardous or toxic materials may also be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of such materials, or for related natural resource damages, at or from an off-site disposal or treatment facility, whether or not the facility is or ever was owned or operated by those persons. In addition, environmental laws today can impose liability on a previous owner or operator of a property that owned or operated the property at a time when hazardous or toxic substances were disposed on, or released from, the property. A conveyance of the property, therefore, does not relieve the owner or operator from liability.

 

There may be potential liability associated with lead-based paint arising from lawsuits alleging personal injury and related claims. Typically, the existence of lead paint is more of a concern in residential units than in commercial properties. Although a structure built prior to 1978 may contain lead-based paint and may present a potential for exposure to lead, structures built after 1978 are not likely to contain lead-based paint.

 

Properties’ values may also be affected by their proximity to electric transmission lines. Electric transmission lines are one of many sources of electro-magnetic fields (“EMFs”) to which people may be exposed. Research completed regarding potential health concerns associated with exposure to EMFs has produced inconclusive results. Notwithstanding the lack of conclusive scientific evidence, some states now regulate the strength of electric and magnetic fields emanating from electric transmission lines, and other states have required transmission facilities to measure for levels of EMFs. On occasion, lawsuits have been filed (primarily against electric utilities) that allege personal injuries from exposure to transmission lines and EMFs, as well as from fear of adverse health effects due to such exposure. This fear of adverse health effects from transmission lines has been considered both when property values have been determined to obtain financing and in condemnation proceedings. We may not, in certain circumstances, search for electric transmission lines near our properties, but are aware of the potential exposure to damage claims by persons exposed to EMFs.

 

Recently, indoor air quality issues, including mold, have been highlighted in the media and the industry is seeing mold claims from lessees rising. To date, we have not incurred any material costs or liabilities relating to claims of mold exposure or abating mold conditions. However, due to the recent increase in mold claims and given that the law relating to mold is unsettled and subject to change, we could incur losses from claims relating to the presence of, or exposure to, mold or other microbial organisms, particularly if we are unable to maintain adequate insurance to cover such losses. We may also incur unexpected expenses relating to the abatement of mold on properties that we may acquire.

 

Limited quantities of asbestos-containing materials are present in various building materials such as floor coverings, ceiling texture material, acoustical tiles and decorative treatment. Environmental laws govern the presence, maintenance and removal of asbestos. These laws could be used to impose liability for release of, and exposure to, hazardous substances, including asbestos-containing materials, into the air. Such laws require that owners or operators of buildings containing asbestos (1) properly manage and maintain the asbestos, (2) notify and train those who may come into contact with asbestos and (3) undertake special precautions, including removal or other abatement, if asbestos would be disturbed during renovation or demolition of a building. Such laws may impose fines and penalties on building owners or operators who fail to comply with these requirements. These laws may allow third parties to seek recovery from owners or operators of real properties for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos fibers. As the owner of our properties, we may be potentially liable for any such costs.

 

We cannot assure you that properties which we acquire in the future will not have any material environmental conditions, liabilities or compliance concerns. Accordingly, we have no way of determining at this

 

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time the magnitude of any potential liability to which we may be subject arising out of environmental conditions or violations with respect to the properties we own.

 

The costs of compliance with laws and regulations relating to our residential properties may adversely affect our income and the cash available for any distributions.

 

Various laws, ordinances, and regulations affect multi-family residential properties, including regulations relating to recreational facilities, such as activity centers and other common areas. Although we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations, we intend for our properties to have all material permits and approvals to operate. In addition, rent control laws may also be applicable to any of the properties.

 

Some of these laws and regulations have been amended so as to require compliance with new or more stringent standards as of future dates. Compliance with new or more stringent laws or regulations, stricter interpretation of existing laws or the future discovery of environmental contamination may require material expenditures by us. Future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose material environmental liabilities, and the current environmental condition of our properties might be affected by the operations of the tenants, by the existing condition of the land, by operations in the vicinity of the properties, such as the presence of underground storage tanks, or by the activities of unrelated third parties.

 

These laws typically allow liens to be placed on the affected property. In addition, there are various local, state and federal fire, health, life-safety and similar regulations which we may be required to comply with, and which may subject us to liability in the form of fines or damages for noncompliance.

 

Any newly acquired or developed multi-family residential properties must comply with Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (the “ADA”) to the extent that such properties are “public accommodations” and/or “commercial facilities” as defined by the ADA. Compliance with the ADA requires removal of structural barriers to handicapped access in certain public areas of the properties where such removal is “readily achievable.” We intend for our properties to comply in all material respects with all present requirements under the ADA and applicable state laws. We will attempt to acquire properties which comply with the ADA or place the burden on the seller to ensure compliance with the ADA. We may not be able to acquire properties or allocate responsibilities in this manner. Noncompliance with the ADA could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, monetary penalties or, in some cases, an award of damages to private litigants. The cost of defending against any claims of liability under the ADA or the payment of any fines or damages could adversely affect our financial condition and affect cash available to return capital and the amount of distributions to you.

 

The Fair Housing Act (the FHA) requires, as part of the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988, apartment communities first occupied after March 13, 1990 to be accessible to the handicapped. Noncompliance with the FHA could result in the imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants. We intend for any of our properties that are subject to the FHA to be in compliance with such law. The cost of defending against any claims of liability under the FHA or the payment of any fines or damages could adversely affect our financial condition.

 

Risks Related to General Economic Conditions and Terrorism

 

Adverse economic conditions may negatively affect our returns and profitability. The timing, length and severity of any economic slowdown that the nation may experience cannot be predicted with certainty. Since we may liquidate within seven to ten years after the proceeds from the offering are fully invested, there is a risk that depressed economic conditions at that time could cause cash flow and appreciation upon the sale of our properties, if any, to be insufficient to allow sufficient cash remaining after payment of our expenses for a significant return on your investment.

 

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The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 on the United States negatively impacted the U.S. economy and the U.S. financial markets. Any future terrorist attacks and the anticipation of any such attacks, or the consequences of the military or other response by the U.S. and its allies, may have further adverse impacts on the U.S. financial markets and the economy and may adversely affect our operations and our profitability. It is not possible to predict the severity of the effect that any of these future events would have on the U.S. financial markets and economy.

 

It is possible that the economic impact of the terrorist attacks may have an adverse effect on the ability of the tenants of our properties to pay rent. In addition, insurance on our real estate may become more costly and coverage may be more limited due to these events. The instability of the U.S. economy may also reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities available to us and may slow the pace at which those investments are made. In addition, armed hostilities and further acts of terrorism may directly impact our properties. Although we do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations, these developments may subject us to increased risks and, depending on their magnitude, could have a material adverse effect on our business and your investment.

 

Tax Risks

 

Your investment has various federal income tax risks. Although the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code relevant to your investment are generally described in the section of the prospectus titled “Federal Income Tax Considerations,” we strongly urge you to consult your own tax advisor concerning the effects of federal, state and local income tax law on an investment and on your individual tax situation.

 

If we fail to qualify as a REIT or to maintain our REIT status, our dividends will not be deductible to us, and our income will be subject to taxation. We intend to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code which will afford us significant tax advantages. The requirements for this qualification, however, are complex. If we fail to meet these requirements, our dividends will not be deductible to us and we will have to pay a corporate level tax on our income. This would substantially reduce our cash available to pay distributions and your yield on your investment. In addition, tax liability might cause us to borrow funds, liquidate some of our investments or take other steps which could negatively affect our operating results. Moreover, if our REIT status is terminated because of our failure to meet a technical REIT test or if we voluntarily revoke our election, we would be disqualified from electing treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which REIT status is lost. This could materially and negatively affect your investment by causing a loss of common stock value.

 

You may have tax liability on distributions you elect to reinvest in common stock. If you participate in our distribution reinvestment program, you will be deemed to have received, and for income tax purposes will be taxed on, the amount reinvested in common stock. As a result, unless you are a tax-exempt entity, you may have to use funds from other sources to pay your tax liability on the value of the common stock received.

 

The opinion of Proskauer Rose LLP regarding our status as a REIT does not guarantee our ability to remain a REIT. Our legal counsel, Proskauer Rose LLP, has rendered its opinion that we will qualify as a REIT, based upon our representations as to the manner in which we are and will be owned, invest in assets and operate, among other things. Our qualification as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet, through investments, actual operating results, distributions and satisfaction of specific stockholder rules, the various tests imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. Proskauer Rose LLP will not review these operating results or compliance with the qualification standards. We may not satisfy the REIT requirements in the future. Also, this opinion represents Proskauer Rose LLP’s legal judgment based on the law in effect as of the date of this prospectus and is not binding on the Internal Revenue Service or the courts, and could be subject to modification or withdrawal based on future legislative, judicial or administrative changes to the federal income tax laws, any of which could be applied retroactively. Failure to qualify as a REIT or to maintain such qualification could materially and negatively impact your investment and its yield to you by causing a loss of common share value and by substantially reducing our cash available to pay distributions.

 

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If the operating partnership fails to maintain its status as a partnership, its income may be subject to taxation. We intend to maintain the status of the operating partnership as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. However, if the Internal Revenue Service were to successfully challenge the status of the operating partnership as a partnership, it would be taxable as a corporation. In such event, this would reduce the amount of distributions that the operating partnership could make to us. This would also result in our losing REIT status, and becoming subject to a corporate level tax on our own income. This would substantially reduce our cash available to pay distributions and the yield on your investment. In addition, if any of the partnerships or limited liability companies through which the operating partnership owns its properties, in whole or in part, loses its characterization as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, it would be subject to taxation as a corporation, thereby reducing distributions to the operating partnership. Such a recharacterization of an underlying property owner could also threaten our ability to maintain REIT status.

 

Even REITS are subject to federal and state income taxes. We do not currently own properties or other investments, we have not obtained any financing and we do not currently conduct any operations. Even if we qualify and maintain our status as a REIT, we may become subject to federal income taxes and related state taxes. For example, if we have net income from a “prohibited transaction,” such income will be subject to a 100% tax. We may not be able to make sufficient distributions to avoid excise taxes applicable to REITs. We may also decide to retain income we earn from the sale or other disposition of our property and pay income tax directly on such income. This will result in our stockholders being treated for tax purposes as though they had received their proportionate shares of such retained income. However, to the extent we have already paid income taxes directly on such income, our stockholders will also be credited with their proportionate share of such taxes already paid by us. Stockholders that are tax-exempt, such as charities or qualified pension plans, would have no benefit from their deemed payment of such tax liability. We may also be subject to state and local taxes on our income or property, either directly or at the level of the operating partnership or at the level of the other companies through which we indirectly own our assets.

 

We may not be able to continue to satisfy the REIT requirements, and it may cease to be in our best interests to continue to do so in the future.

 

Future changes in the income tax laws could adversely affect our profitability. Future events, such as court decisions, administrative rulings and interpretations and changes in the tax laws or regulations, including the REIT rules, that change or modify these provisions could result in treatment under the federal income tax laws for us and/or our stockholders that differs materially and adversely from that described in this prospectus; both for taxable years arising before and after such event. Future legislation, administrative interpretations or court decisions may be retroactive in effect.

 

In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial and administrative changes have been made to the federal income tax laws applicable to investments in REITs and similar entities. Additional changes to tax laws are likely to continue to occur in the future, and may adversely affect the taxation of our stockholders.

 

In view of the complexity of the tax aspects of the offering, particularly in light of the fact that some of the tax aspects of the offering will not be the same for all investors, prospective investors are strongly advised to consult their tax advisors with specific reference to their own tax situation prior to an investment in shares of our common stock.

 

Employee Benefit Plan Risks

 

An investment in our common stock may not satisfy the requirements of ERISA or other applicable laws. When considering an investment in our common stock, an individual with investment discretion over assets of any pension plan, profit-sharing plan, retirement plan, IRA or other employee benefit plan covered by ERISA or other applicable laws should consider whether the investment satisfies the requirements of Section 404 of ERISA or other applicable laws. In particular, attention should be paid to the diversification requirements of Section

 

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404(a)(1)(C ) of ERISA in light of all the facts and circumstances, including the portion of the plan’s portfolio of which the investment will be a part. All plan investors should also consider whether the investment is prudent and meets plan liquidity requirements as there may be only a limited market in which to sell or otherwise dispose of our common stock, and whether the investment is permissible under the plan’s governing instrument. We have not, and will not, evaluate whether an investment in our common stock is suitable for any particular plan. Rather, we will accept entities as stockholders if an entity otherwise meets the suitability standards.

 

The annual statement of value that we will be sending to stockholders subject to ERISA and stockholders is only an estimate and may not reflect the actual value of our shares. The annual statement of value will report the value of each common share as of the close of our fiscal year. The value will be based upon an estimated amount we determine would be received if our properties and other assets were sold as of the close of our fiscal year and if such proceeds, together with our other funds, were distributed pursuant to a liquidation. However, the net asset value of each share of common stock will be deemed to be $10 until the end of the first year following the completion of this offering. Thereafter, our advisor or its affiliates will determine the net asset value of each share of common stock. Because this is only an estimate, we may subsequently revise any annual valuation that is provided. It is possible that:

 

    a value included in the annual statement may not actually be realized by us or by our stockholders upon liquidation;

 

    stockholders may not realize that value if they were to attempt to sell their common stock; or

 

    an annual statement of value might not comply with any reporting and disclosure or annual valuation requirements under ERISA or other applicable law. We will stop providing annual statements of value if the common stock becomes listed for trading on a national stock exchange or included for quotation on a national market system.

 

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This prospectus includes forward-looking statements . We based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are identified by words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “will,” “may,” “estimate,” “continue,” and other similar expressions. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. The following factors could cause our actual results to differ from those implied by the forward-looking statements in this prospectus:

 

    changes in economic conditions generally and the real estate market specifically;

 

    legislative/regulatory changes (including changes to laws governing the taxation of real estate investment trusts);

 

    availability of capital, changes in interest rates and interest rate spreads; and

 

    changes in generally accepted accounting principles and policies and guidelines applicable to REITs.

 

Other factors that could cause actual results to differ from those implied by the forward-looking statements in this prospectus are more fully described in the “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus to conform these statements to actual results.

 

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HOW WE OPERATE

 

We intend to operate as a REIT for federal and state income tax purposes. Our sponsor is David Lichtenstein, doing business as The Lightstone Group. Our sponsor was instrumental in our organization.

 

David Lichtenstein founded both American Shelter Corporation and The Lightstone Group in 1985. Mr. Lichtenstein wholly owns and does business as The Lightstone Group, our sponsor. American Shelter Corporation is a housing corporation that manages affordable housing properties and has no involvement in this offering or our operations. Through The Lightstone Group, Mr. Lichtenstein controls and indirectly owns our advisor, our property manager, our operating partnership, our dealer manager and affiliates. Mr. Lichtenstein would own 0.8% of our shares indirectly through our advisor if we were to achieve the minimum offering. Mr. Lichtenstein is one of our directors and The Lightstone Group or an affiliated entity controlled by Mr. Lichtenstein employs Bruno de Vinck, our other non-independent director, and each of our officers. Neither The Lightstone Group nor any of our other affiliates has been or currently is the subject of any regulatory action or proceeding.

 

We contract with Lightstone Value Plus REIT LLC for its services as our advisor. Our advisor is owned by The Lightstone Group and has the responsibility for our day-to-day operations and the management of our assets.

 

In addition to the services of our advisor, we contract with Lightstone Value Plus REIT Management LLC for its services as our property manager. Our property manager may provide the day-to-day property management services for our properties. In addition, our property manager may engage one or more third parties to provide the day-to-day property management services for some or all of our properties, in which case our property manager will supervise the services provided by such parties. Our property manager is owned by The Lightstone Group.

 

Our sponsor, David Lichtenstein, founded The Lightstone Group as a limited liability company in 1985 and often does business in his individual capacity under that name. Our sponsor is one of the largest private residential and commercial real estate owners and operators in the United States today, with a portfolio of 14,096 residential units and 17,393,933 square feet of retail, office and industrial properties located in 26 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. With five regional offices across the country, our sponsor employs more than 1,000 employees. Our sponsor and its affiliates have acquired over 175 projects including numerous properties and portfolios from major national public and privately-held real estate companies such as Acadia Realty Trust (NYSE:AKR), Liberty Property Trust (NYSE:LRY), The Rouse Company (NYSE:RSE), Prime Retail Inc. (NASDAQ:PMRE), F & W Management Company, United Dominion Realty Trust (NYSE:UDR), Intel Corporation (NASDAQ:INTC), PREIT or Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust (NYSE:PEI), Archon Group, an affiliate of Polaris Capital, and the Blackstone Group.

 

Our structure is generally referred to as an “UPREIT” structure. Substantially all of our assets will be held through Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, a Delaware limited partnership and our operating partnership. This structure will enable us to acquire assets from other partnerships and individual owners that will defer the recognition of gain to the partners of the acquired partnerships or the individual owners, assuming certain conditions are met.

 

We will be the general partner of the operating partnership. As the general partner of the operating partnership, we generally have the exclusive power under the partnership agreement to manage and conduct the business of the operating partnership, subject to the consent of the special general partner as to management decisions.

 

The partnership interests in the operating partnership will be owned by us and any persons who transfer interests in properties to the operating partnership in exchange for units in the operating partnership. We will own one unit in the operating partnership for each outstanding share of our common stock. Our interest in the operating partnership will entitle us to share in cash distributions from, and in profits and losses of, the operating partnership. Holders of limited partnership units in the operating partnership will have the same rights to distributions as our holders of common stock. In addition, each limited partnership interest will be exchangeable by the holder for cash at the-then fair market value or, at our option, one share of common stock. For a detailed

 

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discussion of the structure and operation of the operating partnership, including the responsibilities of the partners thereof, please see the section titled “OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT,” below.

 

We expect that all of the properties will be owned by subsidiary limited partnerships or limited liability companies. These subsidiaries will be single-purpose entities that we create to own a single property, and each will have no assets other than the single investment property it owns. These entities represent a useful means of shielding our operating partnership from liability under the state laws and will make the underlying properties easier to transfer. These subsidiary arrangements are intended to ensure that no environmental or other liabilities associated with any particular property can be attributed against other properties that the operating partnership or we will own. The limited liability aspect of a subsidiary’s form will shield parent and affiliated (but not subsidiary) companies, including the operating partnership and us, from liability assessed against it.

 

Tax law disregards single-member LLCs and so it will be as if the operating partnership owns the underlying properties for tax purposes. Use of single-purpose entities in this manner is customary for REITs.

 

Our independent directors are not required to approve all transactions involving the creation of subsidiary limited liability companies and limited partnerships that we intend to use for investment in properties on our behalf. No additional fees will be imposed upon the REIT by the subsidiary companies’ managers and these subsidiaries will not affect our stockholders’ voting rights. Because our operating partnership will be the direct parent company of these subsidiaries, it will directly own their assets. As such, their assets will be subject to the structure for distributions by the operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC and to us, and then by us to our stockholders, as discussed elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

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CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

We are subject to conflicts of interest arising out of our relationships with our sponsor, advisor, property manager and their affiliates. All of our agreements and arrangements with such parties, including those relating to compensation, are not the result of arm’s-length negotiations. Some of the conflicts inherent in our transactions with our sponsor, advisor, property manager and their affiliates, and the limitations on such parties adopted to address these conflicts, are described below. Our sponsor, advisor, property manager and their affiliates will try to balance our interests with their own. However, to the extent that such parties take actions that are more favorable to other entities than to us, these actions could have a negative impact on our financial performance and, consequently, on distributions to you and the value of our stock.

 

We may purchase properties from affiliates. We may purchase properties from our affiliates if the purchase is consistent with our investment procedures objectives and policies and if other conditions are met. Every transaction entered into between us and our affiliates is subject to an inherent conflict of interest. The board of directors may encounter conflicts of interest in enforcing our rights against any affiliate in the event of a default by or disagreement with an affiliate or in invoking powers, rights or options pursuant to any agreement between us and any affiliates. Under our charter, we may purchase property from our affiliates only if: (i) a majority of the directors (including a majority of the independent directors) who otherwise are not interested in the transaction approve the transaction as being fair and reasonable to us; and (ii) the property is purchased by us for a price no greater than the cost to the affiliate (provided, however, that the price may be greater than the cost to the affiliate, but in no event more than the appraised value, if certain requirements set forth in our charter are met). In no event will the cost of such property to us exceed its appraised value. To date, we have not purchased any properties and have not identified any specific properties as being suitable for our requirements.

 

We may purchase real properties from persons with whom affiliates of our advisor have prior business relationships. We may purchase properties from third parties who have sold properties in the past, or who may sell properties in the future, to our advisor or its affiliates. If we purchase properties from these third parties, our advisor will experience a conflict between our current interests and its interest in preserving any ongoing business relationship with these sellers. Nevertheless, our advisor has a fiduciary obligation to us.

 

We may compete with other entities affiliated with our sponsor for tenants. The sponsor and its affiliates are not prohibited from engaging, directly or indirectly, in any other business or from possessing interests in any other business venture or ventures, including businesses and ventures involved in the acquisition, development, ownership, management, leasing or sale of real estate projects. The sponsor or its affiliates may own and/or manage properties in most if not all geographical areas in which we expect to acquire real estate assets. Therefore, our properties may compete for tenants with other properties owned and/or managed by the sponsor and its affiliates. The sponsor may face conflicts of interest when evaluating tenant opportunities for our properties and other properties owned and/or managed by the sponsor and its affiliates and these conflicts of interest may have a negative impact on our ability to attract and retain tenants.

 

Property management services are being provided by a company owned by The Lightstone Group. Our property manager, which is owned by our sponsor, may provide property management services to us or may engage one or more third parties to provide such services for some or all of our properties, in which case our property manager will supervise the services provided by such parties. Our property management services agreement provides that we pay our property manager a monthly management fee of 5% of the gross revenues from our residential and retail properties. In addition, for the management and leasing of our office and industrial properties, we will pay to our property manager, property management and leasing fees of up to 4.5% of gross revenues from our office and industrial properties. In addition, we may pay our property manager a separate fee for the one-time initial rent-up or leasing-up of newly constructed office and industrial properties in an amount not to exceed the fee customarily charged in arm’s-length transactions by others rendering similar services in the same geographic area for similar properties as determined by a survey of brokers and agents in such area.

 

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Notwithstanding the foregoing, our property manager may be entitled to receive higher fees in the event our property manager demonstrates to the satisfaction of a majority of the directors (including a majority of the independent directors) that a higher competitive fee is justified for the services rendered. In the event that our property manager engages one or more third parties to perform the day-to-day property management services for some or all of our properties, the fees payable to such parties for such services will be deducted from the monthly management fee payable to our property manager pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence or paid by our property manager.

 

The advisor and the property manager believe that the property manager has sufficient personnel and other required resources to discharge all responsibilities to us.

 

Our advisor and its affiliates receive commissions, fees and other compensation based upon our investments. We believe that the compensation we pay to our advisor and its affiliates is no more than what we would pay for similar services performed by independent firms. Some compensation is payable whether or not there is cash available to make distributions to our stockholders. To the extent this occurs, our advisor and its affiliates benefit from us retaining ownership of our assets and leveraging our assets, while our stockholders may be better served by the sale, disposition or avoidance of new or additional debt on the assets. In addition, the advisor’s ability to receive fees and reimbursements depends on our continued investment in properties and in other assets which generate fees. Therefore, the interest of the advisor and its affiliates in receiving fees may conflict with the interest of our stockholders in earning income on their investment in our common stock. Because asset management fees payable to our advisor are based on total assets under management, including assets purchased using indebtedness, our advisor may have an incentive to incur a high level of leverage in order to increase the total amount of assets under management. Our advisor and its affiliates recognize that they have a fiduciary duty to us and our stockholders, and have represented to us that their actions and decisions will be made in the manner taking into account our interests and those of our stockholders.

 

While we will not make loans to our advisor or its affiliates, we may borrow money from them for various purposes, including funding working capital requirements and funding acquisitions before we receive the proceeds of this offering. If we do, the terms, such as the interest rate, security, fees and other charges, will be at least as favorable to us as those which would be charged by unaffiliated lending institutions in the same locality on comparable loans.

 

Our advisor and its affiliates may do business with others who also do business with us, although presently there are no instances of this. However, our advisor or its affiliates may not receive rebates or participate in any reciprocal business arrangements which would have the effect of circumventing our agreement with our advisor.

 

Our advisor may have conflicting fiduciary obligations if we acquire properties with its affiliates. Our advisor may cause us to acquire an interest in a property through a joint venture with its affiliates. In these circumstances, our advisor will have a fiduciary duty to both us and its affiliates participating in the joint venture. In order to minimize the conflict between these fiduciary duties, the advisory agreement provides guidelines for investments in joint ventures with affiliates. In addition, our charter requires a majority of our disinterested directors to determine that the transaction is fair and reasonable to us and is on terms and conditions no less favorable than from unaffiliated third parties entering into the venture.

 

There is competition for the time and services of our advisor. We rely on our advisor and its affiliates for our daily operation and the management of our assets. Personnel of our advisor and its affiliates have conflicts in allocating their management time, services and functions among our sponsor, the real estate investment programs it currently services and any future real estate investment programs or other business ventures which they may organize or serve, as applicable. Our advisor and its affiliates believe they have enough staff to perform their responsibilities in connection with all of the real estate programs and other business ventures in which they are involved. In addition, other persons employed by the advisor may devote such time to our business as is necessary.

 

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Our advisor may face a conflict of interest when determining whether we should dispose of any property. Our advisor may face a conflict of interest when determining whether we should dispose of any property we own that is managed by the property manager because the property manager may lose fees associated with the management of the property. Specifically, because the property manager will receive significant fees for managing our properties, our advisor may face a conflict of interest when determining whether we should sell properties under circumstances where the property manager would no longer manage the property after the transaction. As a result of this conflict of interest, we may not dispose of properties when it would be in our best interests to do so.

 

We do not have arm’s-length agreements with our advisor, property manager and dealer manager. As we have noted, our agreements and arrangements with our advisor, property manager, dealer manager, or any of their affiliates, including those relating to compensation, are not the result of arm’s-length negotiations. However, we believe these agreements and arrangements approximate the terms of arm’s-length transactions, as they contain similar terms as recent similar agreements and arrangements with unaffiliated third parties.

 

Our dealer manager is affiliated with us and will not perform an independent due diligence review. Because our dealer manager is affiliated with us, we will not have the benefit of an independent due diligence review and investigation of the type normally performed by an unaffiliated, independent underwriter in connection with the offering of securities, although the participating broker-dealers will perform a due diligence review of us and the offering. The participating broker-dealers will be qualified independent underwriters within the meaning of Rule 2720 issued by the National Association of Securities Dealers.

 

We may acquire our advisor or property manager without further action by our stockholders. During the term of our agreements with our advisor and property manager, we have the option to cause the businesses conducted by our advisor and property manager (including all assets) to be acquired by us, under certain circumstances, without any consent of our stockholders, the advisor, the property manager or their boards of directors or stockholders. We may elect to exercise such right at any time after the effectiveness of this prospectus. Our decision to exercise such right will be determined by a vote of a majority of our directors not otherwise interested in the transaction (including a majority of our independent directors). The advisor, the property manager and their equity holders will receive shares of our common stock, in connection with such an acquisition, in exchange for the transfer of all of their stock or assets, termination of contractual relationships with us and the release or waiver of all unpaid fees payable under the provisions of any contractual arrangements until their stated termination. We will be obligated to pay any fees accrued under such contractual arrangements for services rendered through the closing of such acquisitions. See “Management—The Advisory Agreement” for an explanation of how the number of shares will be determined. In the event such an acquisition transaction is structured as a purchase of assets by us or a share exchange in which we are the acquiring corporation, our articles and Maryland corporate law permit us to enter into and to consummate such a transaction without obtaining the approval of our stockholders. Any such transaction will occur, if at all, only if our board of directors obtains a fairness opinion from a recognized financial advisor or institution providing valuation services to the effect that the consideration to be paid therefor is fair, from a financial point of view, to our stockholders.

 

There may be conflicting investment opportunities among us and affiliates of our advisor and The Lightstone Group. Our advisor does not advise any entity other than us. However, our advisor may, in the future, advise entities that invest in properties that meet our investment criteria. Likewise, David W. Lichtenstein, a principal of our sponsor may, in the future, invest in properties that meet our investment criteria. Therefore, our sponsor, our advisor and their affiliates could, in the future, face conflicts of interest in determining which investment programs or joint ventures will finance or acquire real properties and other assets as they become available. Such conflicts could result in a particular property being offered to an affiliate rather than to us. If our advisor, in the future, offers our sponsor or its other affiliates the opportunity to acquire or finance such properties, they may decide not to pursue investments in such properties. In such case these investments may be offered to us.

 

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The method for allocation of the acquisition of properties by two or more programs of our sponsor or advisor that seek to acquire similar types of assets must be reasonable. Under our charter and the advisory agreement, before our advisor may take advantage of an investment opportunity for its own account or recommend it to others, it is obligated to present such opportunity to us if (i) such opportunity is compatible with our investment objectives and policies (including our requirements relating to all pertinent factors, including diversification, size of the investment, property type and location), (ii) such opportunity is of a character which could be taken by us, and (iii) we have the financial resources to take advantage of such opportunity. In addition, neither our advisor nor any affiliate of our advisor may make any investment in property where the investment objective is substantially similar to our investment objectives until such time as 75% of the total gross proceeds from the offering of the shares offered for sale pursuant to this offering, following the final closing of this offering, have been invested or committed for investment in properties.

 

Our sponsor and advisor will each use their respective best efforts to present suitable investments to us consistent with our investment procedures, objectives and policies. If our sponsor or advisor or any of their respective affiliates is presented with a potential investment in a property which might be made by more than one investment entity which it advises or manages, the decision as to the suitability of the property for investment by a particular entity will be based upon a review of the investment portfolio of each entity and upon factors such as:

 

    cash flow from the property;

 

    the effect of the acquisition of the property on the diversification of each entity’s portfolio;

 

    the amount of equity required to make the investment;

 

    the policies of each entity relating to leverage;

 

    the funds of each entity available for investment; and

 

    the length of time the funds have been available for investment and the manner in which the potential investment can be structured by each entity.

 

To the extent that a particular property might be determined to be suitable for more than one investment entity, priority generally will be given to the investment entity having uninvested funds for the longest period of time. In addition, our advisor currently believes that sufficient investment opportunities exist so that we and any REITs, programs and joint ventures that our sponsor may form in the future will have enough properties meeting our respective investment objectives in which to invest.

 

Finally, all actions that occur between us and our advisor or its affiliates that present potential conflicts with us must be approved by a majority of our independent directors.

 

We have the same legal counsel as our advisor. Proskauer Rose LLP serves as our general legal counsel, as well as special counsel to our sponsor and various affiliates. The interests of our advisor may become adverse to ours in the future. Under legal ethics rules, Proskauer Rose LLP may be precluded from representing us due to any conflict of interest between us and our advisor. If any situation arises in which our interests appear to be in conflict with those of our advisor or its affiliates, other counsel may be retained for one or more parties. Proskauer Rose LLP is not representing the prospective investors in connection with the transactions contemplated by this prospectus.

 

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COMPENSATION TABLE

 

The compensation arrangements between us, our advisor, property manager, dealer manager, The Lightstone Group and their affiliates were not determined by arm’s-length negotiations. See “Conflicts of Interest.” The following table discloses the compensation which we may pay such parties. In those instances in which there are maximum amounts or ceilings on the compensation which may be received, our affiliates may not recover any excess amounts for those services by reclassifying them under a different compensation or fee category.

 

We define net income as total revenues less expenses other than additions to reserves for depreciation or bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves. When we use the term “net income” for purposes of calculating some expenses and fees, it excludes the gain from the sale of our assets. However, this net income definition is not in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, because we do not deduct depreciation and other non-cash reserves in determining net income.

 

We define the term “net investment” to mean the original issue price paid for our common stock, reduced by distributions from the sale or financing of our properties.

 

For description of an undertaking that we have made to limit compensation paid to our affiliates, see “Compensation Restrictions” and “Reports to Stockholders.”

 

Nonsubordinated Payments

 

The following aggregate amounts of compensation, allowances and fees we may pay to our affiliates are not subordinated to the returns on initial investments that we are required to pay to our stockholders.

 

Type of compensation and
recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


     Organizational and Offering Stage     
Selling commissions paid to Lightstone Securities.   

Up to 7% of gross offering proceeds before reallowance of commissions earned by participating broker-dealers. Lightstone Securities, our dealer manager, intends to reallow 100% of commissions earned for those transactions that involve participating broker-dealers.

 

We will sell special general partner interests of our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC and use the sale proceeds to pay all selling commissions.

   We currently estimate selling commissions of $700,000 if the minimum offering of 1,000,000 shares is sold and of $21,000,000 if the maximum offering of 30,000,000 shares is sold (without giving effect to any special sales or volume discounts which could reduce selling commissions).
Dealer manager fee paid to Lightstone Securities.   

Up to 1% of gross offering proceeds before reallowance to participating broker-dealers. Lightstone Securities, in its sole discretion, may reallow a portion of its dealer manager fee of up to 1% of the gross offering proceeds to be paid to such participating broker-dealers. This fee is in addition to the reimbursement of other organization and offering expenses described below.

 

We will sell special general partner interests of our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC and use the sale proceeds to pay all dealer manager fees.

   We currently estimate a dealer manager fee of approximately $100,000 if the minimum offering of 1,000,000 shares is sold and of approximately $3,000,000 if the maximum offering of 30,000,000 shares is sold.

 

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Type of compensation and
recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


Note : Our unique compensation arrangement.    The selling commissions, all of which Lightstone Securities will reallow to unaffiliated broker-dealers, and dealer manager fee are unsubordinated payments that we are contractually obligated to make regardless of our sale of the special general partner interests. In a separate agreement, however, Lightstone SLP, LLC committed to purchase special general partner interests, which will be issued each time a closing occurs, at a price of $100,000 for each $1,000,000 in subscriptions that we accept. Our sponsor will independently finance Lightstone SLP’s purchases of these units without using any funds that we receive from the sale of our common stock. As a result, we will be able to use all of the proceeds from the sale of our common stock to invest in real properties.     
     We will use the funds received for the special general partner interests to pay the unsubordinated selling commissions and dealer manager fee described above and the additional offering and organization expenses discussed below     
     In consideration of its purchase of special general partner interests, Lightstone SLP, LLC will receive an interest in our regular and liquidation distributions. See “Compensation Table—Subordinated Payments.” These distributions to Lightstone SLP, LLC are always subordinated to our stockholders’ receipt of a stated preferred return and are unrelated to the payments to our dealer manager and unaffiliated soliciting dealers discussed above.     
Soliciting Dealer Warrants issuable to Lightstone Securities.    Up to 600,000 warrants will be sold to Lightstone Securities at a purchase price of $0.0008 each. Lightstone Securities, in its sole discretion, may reallow a portion of these warrants to participating broker dealers. Each warrant will be exercisable for one share of our common stock at an exercise price of $12.00 per share.    The aggregate value of the 600,000 warrants is .45% of offering proceeds, or $45,000 if the minimum offering of 1,000,000 shares is sold and $1,350,000 if the maximum offering of 30,000,000 shares is sold. Assuming that all 600,000 warrants are sold, the aggregate purchase price would be $480. The total exercise price for all 600,000 warrants would be $7,200,000.

 

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Type of compensation and
recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


Reimbursement of organization and offering expenses paid to our advisor or its affiliates.   

Our advisor or affiliates will advance all organization and other offering costs, which consist of actual legal, accounting, printing and other accountable expenses (including sales literature and the prospectus), other than selling commissions and the dealer manager fee. We will reimburse our advisor or affiliates for organization costs of up to 2% of gross offering proceeds, using the proceeds from the sale of the special general partner units to Lightstone SLP, LLC.

 

If organization and offering expenses, including the selling commissions and dealer manager fee discussed above, exceed 10% of the proceeds raised in this offering, the excess will be paid by our advisor without recourse to us and will not be exchangeable into special general partner interests of our operating partnership.

  

We currently estimate organization and offering expenses of approximately $1,500,000, including the selling commissions and dealer manager fee discussed above, if the minimum offering of 1,000,000 shares is sold and of approximately $30,000,000 if the maximum offering of 30,000,000 shares is sold.

 

     Acquisition Stage     
Acquisition fee and expenses paid to our advisor.   

Our advisor will be paid an amount, equal to 2.75% of the gross contract purchase price (including any mortgage assumed) of the property purchased, as an acquisition fee. Our advisor will also be reimbursed for expenses that it incurs in connection with purchase of the property.

 

The acquisition fee and expenses for any particular property, including amounts payable to affiliates, will not exceed, in the aggregate, 5% of the gross contract purchase price (including any mortgage assumed) of the property.

 

If we request additional services, the compensation will be provided on separate agreed-upon terms and the rate will be approved by a majority of disinterested directors, including a majority of the disinterested independent directors, as fair and reasonable for us.

  

The following amounts may be paid as an acquisition fee and for the reimbursement of acquisition expenses:

 

approximately $275,000 if the minimum number of shares are sold ($1,100,000, assuming aggregate long-term permanent leverage of approximately 75%); or approximately $8,250,000 if 30,000,000 shares are sold ($33,000,000, assuming aggregate long-term permanent leverage of approximately 75%).

 

However, the actual amounts cannot be determined at the present time.

 

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Type of compensation and
recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


     Operational Stage     
Property management fee paid to our property manager, Lightstone Value Plus REIT Management LLC. This fee will be paid for services in connection with the rental, leasing, operation and management of the properties and the supervision of any third parties that are engaged by our property manager to provide such services.   

Residential and Retail Properties:

 

Our property manager will be paid a monthly management fee of 5% of the gross revenues from our residential and retail properties.

 

Office and Industrial Properties:

 

For the management and leasing of our office and industrial properties, we will pay to our property manager, property management and leasing fees of up to 4.5% of gross revenues from our office and industrial properties. In addition, we may pay our property manager a separate fee for the one-time initial rent-up or leasing-up of newly constructed properties in an amount not to exceed the fee customarily charged in arm’s length transactions by others rendering similar services in the same geographic area for similar properties as determined by a survey of brokers and agents in such area.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, our property manager may be entitled to receive higher fees in the event our property manager demonstrates to the satisfaction of a majority of the directors (including a majority of the

   The actual amounts are dependent upon results of operations and, therefore, cannot be determined at the present time.
    

independent directors) that a higher competitive fee is justified for the services rendered.

 

The property manager may subcontract its duties for a fee that may be less than the fee provided for in the management services agreements. In the event that the property manager subcontracts its duties with respect to some or all of our properties, the fees payable to such parties for such services will be deducted from the monthly management fee payable to our property manager by us or paid directly by our property manager.

    

 

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Type of compensation and
recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


Asset management fee paid to our advisor.   

Our advisor will be paid an advisor asset management fee of 0.55% of our average invested assets. Average invested assets means the average of the aggregate book value of our assets invested in equity interests in, and loans secured by, real estate before reserves for depreciation or bad debt or other similar non-cash reserves. We will compute the average invested assets by taking the average of these values at the end of each month during the quarter for which we are calculating the fee. The fee will be payable quarterly in an amount equal to 0.1375 of 1% of average invested assets as of the last day of the immediately preceding quarter.

 

Our advisor must reimburse us for the amounts, if any, by which our total operating expenses, the sum of the advisor asset management fee plus other operating expenses, paid during the previous fiscal year exceed the greater of:

 

(1) 2% of our average invested assets for that fiscal year, or

 

(2) 25% of our net income for that fiscal year;

 

Items such as interest payments, taxes, non-cash expenditures, the special liquidation distribution, organization and offering expenses, and acquisition fees and expenses are excluded from the definition of total operating expenses, which otherwise includes the aggregate expenses of any kind paid or incurred by us. See “Management—Our Advisory Agreement” for an explanation of circumstances where the excess amount specified in clause (1) may not need to be reimbursed.

   The amount of the fee depends on the cost of the average invested assets at the time the fee is payable and, therefore, cannot be determined now.

 

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Type of compensation and
recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


Reimbursable expenses to our advisor. These may include costs of goods and services, administrative services and non-supervisory services performed directly for us by independent parties.    We will reimburse some expenses of the advisor. The compensation and reimbursements to our advisor will be approved by a majority of our directors and a majority of our independent directors as fair and reasonable for us.    The actual amounts of reimbursable expenses in connection with this offering are dependent upon results of operations and, therefore, cannot be determined at the present time. The reimbursable expenses are subject to aggregate limitations on our operating expenses referred to under “Non-Subordinating Payments—Operational Stage—Asset Management Fee” above.
Subordinated Payments    Operational Stage     

Note : We structure the allocation of distributions and other subordinated payments differently than most REITs. In order to facilitate a complete understanding of our allocation structure, please see “Subordinated Distribution Chart” below for a basic table that illustrates how we will allocate these subordinated payments.

 

  

We cannot assure investors of the cumulative non-compounded returns discussed below, which we disclose solely as a measure for the incentive compensation of our sponsor, advisor and affiliates.

 

    

Distributions with respect to the special general partner interests, payable to Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor.

 

   This section describes the apportionment of any regular distributions that the operating partnership may make. At each stage of distributions, a different apportionment method commences or terminates, as applicable, when a particular party or parties have received a specific amount of distributions. The return calculations described below take into account all regular distributions received and not the specific distribution being made. Achievement of a    The actual amounts are dependent upon results of operations and, therefore, cannot be determined at the present time.

 

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Type of compensation and
recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


    

particular threshold, therefore, is determined with reference to all prior distributions made by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC and to us, which distributions we will distribute to holders of our common stock. Once a threshold is reached, the operating partnership will make all subsequent regular distributions pursuant to the allocation method triggered by that or later thresholds.

 

(i) Before Achieving the 7% Stockholder Return Threshold

Regular distributions will be made initially to us, which we will then distribute to the holders of our common stock, until these holders have received dividends equal to a cumulative non-compounded return of 7% per year on their net investment. Until this 7% threshold is reached, our operating partnership will not pay to Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor, any distributions with respect to the purchase price of the special general partner interests that it received in exchange for agreeing to pay the costs and expenses of this offering, including dealer manager fees and selling commissions.

    
    

(ii) After Achieving the 7% Stockholder Return Threshold

After the first 7% threshold is reached, our operating partnership will make all of its distributions to Lightstone SLP, LLC until that entity receives an amount equal to a cumulative non-compounded return of 7% per year on the purchase price of the special general partner interests.

 

(iii) Before Achieving the 12% Stockholder Return Threshold

After this second 7% threshold is reached and until the holders of our common stock have received dividends in an amount equal to a cumulative non-compounded return of 12% per year on their net investment (including, for the purpose of the calculation of such amount, the amounts equaling a 7% return on their net investment described in paragraph (i) of this section), 70% of the aggregate amount of any additional distributions by our operating partnership will be payable to us (and the limited partners entitled to such distributions under the terms of the operating partnership’s

    

 

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Type of compensation and
recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


     operating agreement), which we will distribute to the holders of our common stock, and 30% of such amount will be payable by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC. “Net investment” refers to $10 per share, less a pro rata share of any proceeds received from the sale or refinancing of properties.     
    

(iv) After Achieving the 12% Stockholder Return Threshold

After this 12% threshold is reached, 60% of the aggregate amount of any additional distributions by our operating partnership will be payable to us (and the limited partners entitled to such distributions under the terms of the operating partnership’s operating agreement), which we will distribute to the holders of our common stock, and 40% of such amount will be payable by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC.

    
     Liquidation Stage     
Special liquidation distribution payable to Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor.    This section describes the apportionment of any liquidation distributions that we make. At each stage of distributions, a different apportionment method commences or terminates, as applicable, when a particular party or parties have received a specific amount of distributions. The return calculations described below take into account all regular and liquidation distributions received and not just distributions made upon liquidation. Achievement of a particular threshold, therefore, is determined with reference to all prior distributions made by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC and to us, which we will distribute to our stockholders.    The actual amounts to be received depend upon the net sale proceeds upon our liquidation and, therefore, cannot be determined at the present time.
    

i. Before Achieving the 7% Stockholder Return Threshold

Distributions in connection with our liquidation will be made initially to us, which we will distribute to holders of our common stock, until these holders have received liquidation distributions equal to their initial investment plus a cumulative non-compounded return of 7% per year on their net investment. “Net investment” refers to $10 per share, less a pro rata share of any proceeds received from the sale or refinancing of properties. Until this 7%

    

 

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Type of compensation and
recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


    

threshold is reached, our operating partnership will not pay to Lightstone SLP, LLC any special liquidation distribution in connection with our liquidation.

 

ii. After Achieving the 7% Stockholder Return Threshold

After the first 7% threshold is reached, Lightstone SLP, LLC will receive special liquidation distributions with respect to the purchase price of the special general partner interests that it received in exchange for agreeing to pay the costs and expenses of this offering, including dealer manager fees and selling commissions, until it receives an amount equal to the purchase price of the special general partner interests plus a cumulative non-compounded return of 7% per year on the purchase price of those interests;

    
    

iii. Before Achieving the 12% Stockholder Return Threshold

After this second 7% threshold is reached and until the holders of our common stock have received an amount equal to their initial investment plus a cumulative non-compounded return of 12% per year on their net investment (“net investment” refers to $10 per share, less a pro rata share of any proceeds received from the sale or refinancing of properties) (including, for the purpose of the calculation of such amount, the amounts described in paragraph (i) of this section), 70% of the aggregate amount of any additional distributions by our operating partnership will be payable to us (and the limited partners entitled to such distributions under the terms of the operating partnership’s operating agreement), which we will distribute to the holders of our common stock, and 30% of such amount will be payable by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC; and

 

iv. After Achieving the 12% Stockholder Return Threshold

After this 12% threshold is reached, 60% of the aggregate amount of any additional distributions by our operating

partnership will be payable to us (and the limited partners entitled to such distributions under the terms of the operating partnership’s

    

 

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Type of compensation and
recipient


  

Method of compensation


  

Estimated maximum dollar

amount


    

operating agreement), which we will distribute to the holders of our common stock, and 40% of such amount will be payable by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC.

 

If the advisory agreement is terminated, the special general partner interests will be converted into cash equal to the purchase price of the special general partner interest.

 

We cannot assure investors of the cumulative non-compounded returns discussed above, which we disclose solely as a measure for the incentive compensation of our sponsor, advisor and affiliates.

    
Compensation to Officers and Directors          
Independent Director fees.    Each of our independent directors receives an annual fee of $30,000 and reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses incurred. Our officers who are also our directors do not receive director fees. These fees are subject to change from time to time.    We will pay the three independent directors, annually, $30,000 in the aggregate
Stock options to our independent directors.    Each of our independent directors receives each year on the date of the stockholders’ annual meeting, an option to purchase 3,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price equal to the then fair market value per share. For additional information on this option plan, see “Management—Stock Option Plan.”    This form of compensation is not paid in cash.

Calculations of cumulative non-compounded returns in the above table are computed as follows: for the period for which the calculation is being made, the percentage resulting from dividing: (i) the total distributions paid on each distribution payment date during the designated period, by (ii) the product of (a) the average adjusted investor capital for such period (calculated on a daily basis), and (b) the number of years (including the fractions thereof) elapsed during the specified period.

 

Distribution Chart

 

We intend to make distributions to our stockholders. In addition, the special general partner interests will entitle Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor, to certain distributions from our operating partnership, but only after our stockholders have received a stated preferred return. The following table sets forth information with respect to the apportionment of any regular and liquidation distributions that the operating partnership may make among Lightstone SLP, LLC and us, which we will distribute to our stockholders. The return calculations outlined below account for all regular and liquidation distributions that our operating partnership has made to Lightstone SLP, LLC and to us, which we will distribute to our stockholders. For a more detailed discussion of distribution apportionment, see “Operating Partnership Agreement.”

 

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Note that the chart reads chronologically from top to bottom, so that all distributions are initially made to stockholders in accordance with row (i), until the stockholders have received a return of 7% on their net investment. For purposes of the preceding sentence, “net investment” refers to $10 per share, less a pro rata share of any proceeds received from the sale or refinancing of properties. Then, all distributions will be made to Lightstone SLP, LLC in accordance with row (ii) until that entity has received 7% on its net investment. Row (iii) will then apply, and after that row (iv).

 

We cannot assure investors of the cumulative non-compounded returns discussed below, which we disclose solely as a measure for the incentive compensation of our sponsor, advisor and affiliates.

 

Recipient(s) of Distribution

(listed chronologically)


  

Apportionment of Distributions


  

Cumulative Non-Compounded Return Threshold

(that initiates next level of distributions)


(i) Stockholders

   100%   

7% per year on stockholders’ net investment (and, in

the case of liquidation, an amount equal to the stockholders’ initial investment)

(ii) Lightstone SLP, LLC

   100%    7% per year on special general partner purchase price (and, in the case of liquidation, an amount equal to the purchase price of the special general partner interest)

(iii) Stockholders/

Lightstone SLP, LLC

  

70% to stockholders;

30% to Lightstone SLP, LLC

   Until 12% per year on stockholders’ net investments

(iv) Stockholders/

Lightstone SLP, LLC

  

60% to stockholders;

40% to Lightstone SLP, LLC

   Above 12% on stockholders’ net investment (remainder of regular distributions apportioned in this manner)

 

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ESTIMATED USE OF PROCEEDS

 

The proceeds from this offering will be used in connection with the purchase of real estate. The amounts listed in the table below represent our current estimates concerning the use of the offering proceeds. Since these are estimates, they may not accurately reflect the actual receipt or application of the offering proceeds. This first of two scenarios assumes we sell the minimum number of 1,000,000 shares of common stock in this offering. We will deposit subscription payments in an escrow account, and if we do not achieve the minimum offering we will terminate this offering and we will promptly return your subscription payments with interest. In such case, The Lightstone Group will pay any escrow fees and no amounts will be deducted from the escrow funds. If we achieve the minimum offering, we will return any interest earned on subscription payments prior to achieving the minimum offering and completing our initial issuance of shares to subscribers. The second scenario assumes that we sell the maximum of 30,000,000 shares in this offering at $10 per share. Under each of these scenarios we have not given effect to the following:

 

    any special sales or volume discounts which could reduce selling commissions;

 

    the sale of the maximum of 4,000,000 shares of common stock in our distribution reinvestment program at $9.50 per share; or

 

    the issuance of up to an additional 600,000 shares of common stock upon exercise of the soliciting dealer warrants.

 

     Minimum
Dollar
Amount


   Percent

   

Maximum
Dollar

Amount


   Percent

 

Gross offering proceeds

   $ 10,000,000    100 %   $ 300,000,000    100 %

Less Offering Expenses (1)

                          

Selling commissions and dealer manager fee (2)

     800,000-    8 %     24,000,000-    8 %

Organization and other offering costs (3)

     700,000-    7 %     6,000,000-    2 %

Amount available for investment (4)

     10,000,000    100 %     300,000,000    100 %

Acquisition and rehabilitation Costs

                          

Acquisition fees (5)

     275,000    2.75 %     8,250,000    2.75 %

Acquisition expenses (6)

     100,000    1 %     3,000,000    1 %

Initial working capital reserves

     50,000    0.5 %     1,500,000    0.5 %

Proceeds invested

                          

Total application of proceeds

   $ 9,575,000    95.75 %   $ 287,250,000    95.75 %

(1) All dealer manager fees, selling commissions and other organization and offering expenses will be paid by Lightstone SLP, LLC. In consideration for its agreement to pay such amounts, our sponsor will receive special general partner interests of our operating partnership at a cost of $100,000 per unit, the purchase price of which will be repaid only after stockholders receive a stated preferred return and their net investment. These special general partner interests will also entitle Lightstone SLP, LLC to a portion of any regular distributions made by the operating partnership, but only after our stockholders receive a stated preferred return.
(2) Includes selling commissions generally equal to 7% of aggregate gross offering proceeds and a dealer manager fee equal to 1% of aggregate gross offering proceeds, both of which are payable to Lightstone Securities, our affiliate. See “Plan of Distribution—Volume Discounts” for a description of volume discounts. Lightstone Securities in its sole discretion, intends to reallow selling commissions of up to 7% of gross offering proceeds to unaffiliated broker-dealers participating in this offering attributable to the amount of shares sold by them. In addition, Lightstone Securities may reallow a portion of its dealer manager fee to participating dealers in the aggregate amount of up to 1% of gross offering proceeds to be paid to such participating dealers as marketing fees, based upon such factors as the volume of sales of such participating dealers, the level of marketing support provided by such participating dealers and the assistance of such participating dealers in marketing the offering, or to reimburse representatives of such participating dealers for the costs and expenses of attending our educational conferences and seminars. The amount of selling commissions may often be reduced under certain circumstances for volume discounts. See the “Plan of Distribution” section of this prospectus for a description of such provisions.

 

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(3) Organization costs consist of actual legal, accounting, printing and other accountable offering expenses, other than selling commissions and the dealer manager fee, including, but not limited to, salaries and direct expenses incurred by our advisor while engaged in registering the shares, other organization costs, technology costs and expenses attributable to the offering, and the costs and payment or reimbursement of bona fide due diligence expenses. Our advisor will be responsible for the payment of such organization costs and we will reimburse our advisor for such costs to the extent of 2% of the aggregate gross offering proceeds from our offering. Any costs in excess of this amount will be paid exclusively by our advisor without recourse against or reimbursement by us. We currently estimate that approximately $6,000,000 of organization costs, other than selling commissions and the dealer manager fee, will be incurred if the maximum offering of 30,000,000 shares is sold. Notwithstanding the above, in no event shall organization and offering expenses, including selling commissions, the dealer manager fee and all other underwriting compensation, exceed 10% of the gross offering proceeds.
(4) Until required in connection with the acquisition and development of properties, substantially all of the net proceeds of the offering and, thereafter, the working capital reserves of the Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., may be invested in short-term, highly-liquid investments including government obligations, bank certificates of deposit, short-term debt obligations and interest-bearing accounts or other authorized investments as determined by our board of directors.
(5) Acquisition and advisory fees do not include acquisition expenses. Acquisition fees exclude any construction fee paid to a person who is not our affiliate in connection with construction of a project after our acquisition of the property. Although we assume that all the foregoing fees will be paid by the sellers of property, sellers generally fix the selling price at a level sufficient to cover the cost of any acquisition fee so that, in effect, we, as purchaser, will bear such fee as part of the purchase price. The presentation in the table is based on the assumption that we will not borrow any money to purchase properties.
(6) Acquisition expenses include legal fees and expenses, travel and communications expenses, costs of appraisals, nonrefundable option payments on property not acquired, accounting fees and expenses, title insurance premiums and other closing costs and miscellaneous expenses relating to the selection, acquisition and development of real estate properties, whether or not acquired. We will reimburse our advisor for acquisition expenses up to a maximum amount which, collectively with all acquisitions fees and expenses, will not exceed, in the aggregate, 5% of the gross offering proceeds.

 

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PRIOR PERFORMANCE OF AFFILIATES OF OUR SPONSOR

 

Prior Performance Summary

 

The following paragraphs contain information on prior programs sponsored by our sponsor and its owner, David Lichtenstein, to invest in real estate. This discussion is a narrative summary of Mr. Lichtenstein’s experience in the last ten years with all other programs sponsored by him, both public and nonpublic, that have invested in real estate regardless of the investment objectives of the program. The information set forth is current as of April 30, 2005, except where a different date is specified.

 

The information contained in this section is included solely to provide prospective investors with background to be used to evaluate the real estate experience of our sponsor and its affiliates. The information summarized below is set forth in greater detail in the Prior Performance Tables included in this prospectus. Investors should direct their attention to the Prior Performance Tables for further information regarding the prior performance of the sponsor and its affiliates. In addition, as part of its Registration Statement, we have filed certain tables with the Securities and Exchange Commission which report more detailed information regarding property acquisitions by prior programs. Investors can obtain copies of such tables, without charge, by requesting Table VI from Part II of this registration statement from us.

 

THE INFORMATION IN THIS SECTION AND THE TABLES REFERENCED HEREIN SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED AS INDICATIVE OF HOW WE WILL PERFORM. THIS DISCUSSION REFERS TO THE PERFORMANCE OF PRIOR PROGRAMS SPONSORED BY OUR SPONSOR OR ITS AFFILIATES OVER THE PERIODS LISTED THEREIN. IN ADDITION, THE TABLES INCLUDED WITH THIS PROSPECTUS (WHICH REFLECT RESULTS OVER THE PERIODS SPECIFIED IN EACH TABLE) DO NOT MEAN THAT WE WILL MAKE INVESTMENTS COMPARABLE TO THOSE REFLECTED IN SUCH TABLES. IF YOU PURCHASE SHARES IN LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC., YOU WILL NOT HAVE ANY OWNERSHIP INTEREST IN ANY OF THE REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS DESCRIBED IN THE TABLES (UNLESS YOU ARE ALSO AN INVESTOR IN THOSE REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS).

 

Our Sponsor

 

Our sponsor, David Lichtenstein, who does business as The Lightstone Group and wholly owns the limited liability company of that name, is one of the largest private residential and commercial real estate owners and operators in the United States today. Our sponsor has a portfolio of 14,096 residential units and 17,393,933 square feet of retail, office and industrial properties located in 26 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. With five regional offices across the country, our sponsor employs more than 1,000 employees. Our sponsor and its affiliates have acquired over 175 projects including numerous properties and portfolios from major national public and privately-held real estate companies such as Acadia Realty Trust (NYSE:AKR), Liberty Property Trust (NYSE:LRY), The Rouse Company (NYSE:RSE), Prime Retail Inc. (NASDAQ:PMRE), F & W Management Company, United Dominion Realty Trust (NYSE:UDR) Intel Corporation (NASDAQ:INTC), PREIT or Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust (NYSE:PEI), Archon Group, an affiliate of Polaris Capital, and The Blackstone Group.

 

During the past ten years, our sponsor has invested in numerous real estate properties. Generally, our sponsor acquired such properties for its own account. However, our sponsor also purchased certain real estate properties through 10 private programs in which it raised funds from outside investors. In 1994, our sponsor acquired Edgemere Apartments, a 398 unit residential property located in Somerset, New Jersey. In 1996, our sponsor acquired Northwood Apartments, a 392 unit residential property located in Baltimore, Maryland. In 1997, our sponsor acquired Chelsea Village, a 261 unit residential property located in Atlantic City, New Jersey. In 1998, our sponsor acquired Towne Oaks, a 99 unit residential property located in Boundbrook, New Jersey, Liberty Gardens, a 232 unit residential property located in Bergenfield, New Jersey (sold in 2004), Plaza Village, a 114 unit residential property located in Morrisville, Pennsylvania and Lakewood Mazal, a 26 unit residential property located in Lakewood, New Jersey. During the same year our sponsor also acquired 150 Grand Street, a

 

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84,770 square foot office property located in White Plains, New York and Matawan Mall, a 20,585 square foot retail property located in Matawan, New Jersey. In 1999, our sponsor acquired 801 Madison, a 46 unit residential property located in Lakewood, New Jersey, Fairfield Towers, a 983 unit residential property located in Brooklyn, New York, Pinewood Chase, a 492 unit residential property located in Suitland, Maryland, and Reisterstown Square, a 493 unit residential property located in Baltimore, Maryland. In 2000, our sponsor acquired two industrial properties containing 263,979 square feet located in Maryland and a portfolio of four shopping centers containing 379,686 square feet, located in Connecticut and Massachusetts. In 2001, our sponsor acquired Belford Towers, a 467 unit residential property located in Takoma Park, Maryland. It also acquired Burrstone and Midtown, each of which are 100 unit residential properties located in New York. In addition, our sponsor acquired a portfolio of over 730,000 square feet of office properties in Pennsylvania and Florida. (For a discussion of the properties that our sponsor acquired since 2001, see “Three Year Summary of Acquisitions.”)

 

Neither our sponsor nor its affiliates have operated any public programs. As of April 30, 2005, our sponsor and its affiliates have raised approximately $19,275,000 from 42 investors in 10 private programs that have acquired interests in properties with an aggregate investment of approximately $877,603,000. Our sponsor has financed these programs with institutional first mortgages. These properties are located throughout the United States. 52% of the properties acquired are retail, 31% of the properties acquired are residential and 17% of the properties acquired are office and industrial. None of the properties included in such figures were newly constructed, and only one of them has been sold. Each of these programs are similar to our program because they invested in the same property types, (i.e., retail, residential, industrial and office).

 

Adverse Business Developments

 

All of the programs sponsored by The Lightstone Group and its affiliates have met and continue to meet their principal investment objectives. Over time some of these programs have acquired troubled properties or mortgage bonds or loans; however, none of the troubled properties or mortgage bonds or loans have been material nor have they prevented the programs from meeting their objectives.

 

Three Year Summary of Acquisitions

 

In 2002, our sponsor acquired a portfolio of 17 shopping centers located in the Eastern U.S. containing approximately 2,300,000 square feet. In addition, our sponsor acquired shopping centers containing an aggregate of approximately 300,000 square feet, located in Mount Laurel, New Jersey, and Barceloneta, Puerto Rico, and Lakewood Plaza, a 98 unit residential property located in Lakewood, New Jersey.

 

In 2003, our sponsor acquired International Village and Regency Park South, residential properties located in Indianapolis, Indiana and containing an aggregate of 766 units. It also acquired a portfolio of 19 apartment buildings in Virginia containing 1,808 units. In addition, our sponsor acquired Prime Outlets, which owns 29 outlet centers, containing approximately 8.4 million square feet, located throughout the United States. Finally, it acquired a six-building high-tech industrial complex, containing approximately 375,000 square feet, located in Las Piedras, Puerto Rico, and three shopping centers containing approximately 193,000 square feet, located in New Jersey.

 

Acquisitions during 2004 included a portfolio of five shopping malls located in Pennsylvania, Georgia, Ohio and West Virginia, and containing approximately 2,600,000 square feet; a portfolio of two shopping malls containing containing approximately 1,143,000 square feet located in Texas and Oklahoma, Netherwood Village, a 108 unit residential property located in Plainfield, New Jersey and three residential properties located in Virginia and the District of Columbia, containing 988 units.

 

On February 17, 2005, our sponsor entered into an agreement to acquire Prime Group Realty Trust, a publicly traded REIT, and its operating partnership, Prime Group Realty, L.P., for approximately $889,000,000 in cash and assumed preferred stock and debt. The assets to be acquired by our sponsor consist of office properties in the city of Chicago and its suburbs, and an interest in an out-of-state joint venture. In all, the

 

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transaction will result in an increase in our sponsor’s holdings by 4.5 million square feet of office space and an additional 2.7 million square feet owned by joint ventures in which it has an interest. Our sponsor expects the transaction to close during the summer of 2005. Additionally, our sponsor acquired a shopping mall with approximately 510,000 square feet, located in Minot, North Dakota, in February 2005.

 

Table VI in Part II of the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part, titled “Acquisition of Property by Programs,” provides additional information with respect to acquisitions by our sponsor and its affiliates from 2002 to 2004. Upon request to the address indicated below, and for no fee, the REIT will provide a copy of such Table to any investor.

 

Additional Information on Programs

 

We will provide, upon request, for no fee, a copy of the most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within the previous 24 months by any prior public program sponsored by our sponsor or any of its affiliates to the extent the same are required to be filed. We will also provide, upon request, for a reasonable fee, the exhibits to each such Form 10-K. A request for an Annual Report on Form 10-K should be addressed to Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., 326 Third Street, Lakewood, New Jersey 08701. Attention: Investor Relations.

 

Undertakings

 

Potential investors are encouraged to examine the Prior Performance Tables included in the back of the prospectus for more detailed information regarding the prior experience of The Lightstone Group and its affiliates. Table VI is not part of this prospectus and is contained in Part II of the registration statement of which it is a part. We will furnish copies of these tables to you upon request.

 

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MANAGEMENT

 

Our Affiliated Companies

 

Overview

 

Our sponsor, David Lichtenstein, founded The Lightstone Group as a limited liability company in 1985 and often does business in his individual capacity under that name. Our sponsor is one of the largest private residential and commercial real estate owners and operators in the United States today, with a portfolio of 14,096 residential units and 17,393,933 square feet of retail and industrial properties located in 26 states and Puerto Rico. With five regional offices across the country, our sponsor employs more than 1,000 employees. Our sponsor and its affiliates have acquired over 175 projects including numerous properties and portfolios from major national public and privately-held real estate companies such as Acadia Realty Trust (NYSE:AKR), Liberty Property Trust (NYSE:LRY), The Rouse Company (NYSE:RSE), Prime Retail Inc. (NASDAQ:PMRE), F & W Management Company, United Dominion Realty Trust (NYSE:UDR) and Intel Corporation (NASDAQ:INTC).

 

Our General Management

 

We operate under the direction of our board of directors. Our board of directors is responsible for the overall management and control of our affairs. Investment decisions will be made either by the advisor or by the board of directors. As described in greater detail under “Our Advisor,” below, our advisor will be responsible for making investment decisions where the purchase price of a particular property is less than $15,000,000 and the investment does not exceed stated leverage limitations. Where such leverage limitations are exceeded, or where the purchase price is equal to or greater than $15,000,000, investment decisions will be made by our board of directors.

 

Our Directors and Executive Officers

 

Pursuant to our charter, the term of office for each director is one year. Pursuant to our bylaws, officers are elected annually, except that our Chief Executive Officer and President may appoint Vice-Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers or other officers. Each of our officers has held his or her office or offices since June 29, 2004. The following table sets forth information with respect to our directors and executive officers.

 

NAME


   AGE

  

POSITION AND OFFICE


David Lichtenstein

   43    Chief Executive Officer, President
and Chairman of the Board of Directors

Bruno de Vinck

   59    Chief Operating Officer, Senior Vice President, Secretary and Director

Angela Mirizzi-Olsen

   42    Chief Investment Officer and Vice President

Michael M. Schurer

   43    Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Samuel Moerman

   41    Vice-President, Property Management

Adriana M. Peters

   36    General Counsel

John E. D’Elisa

   64    Director

Edwin J. Glickman

   72    Director

Joel M. Pashcow

   61    Director

 

JOHN E. D’ELISA is one of our independent directors. Mr. D’Elisa is an associate member of NAREIT and a member of ICSC. Since July 2000, Mr. D’Elisa has been Managing Director and Real Estate Group head of Chatsworth Securities LLC, a private company that focuses on private placements as well as providing traditional investment banking services for real estate owners and developers. In addition, Mr. D’Elisa was Managing Director-Investment Banking at Josephthal and Co. and Ladenburg Thalman, two private companies, from September 1996 to June 2000 and was a partner and founder of Brookstone Partners, Inc., a real estate consulting firm that specialized in turnarounds, bankruptcy, and asset management, from May 1989 to September 1996.

 

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Mr. D’Elisa received his B.S.E.E from Bucknell University, attended graduate school at Yale University and received his M.S.E.E. from Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn.

 

EDWIN J. GLICKMAN is one of our independent directors. In January 1995, Mr. Glickman co-founded Capital Lease Funding, a leading mortgage lender for properties net leased to investment grade tenants, where he remained as Executive Vice President until May 2003. At Capital Lease Funding, Mr. Glickman was a member of Capital Lease Funding’s Loan Committee, which reviewed and approved all loans made by the company, and was principally responsible for reviewing and approving all appraisals in support of such loans and for developing new loan programs. Since April 2002, Mr. Glickman has consulted for Right Track Recording with respect to restructuring debt obligations and recapitalizing the company. Since June 2003, Mr. Glickman has consulted for Capital Lease Funding with respect to proposed loan transactions that he introduces to the company. Mr. Glickman has been a trustee of RPS Realty Trust, a public real estate investment trust that made participating mortgage loans, and its predecessor entities since their founding in October 1980. Mr. Glickman has been a trustee of Atlantic Realty Trust, a public company, since its spin off from RPS Realty Trust in May 1996 and has been co-chair of its Asset Liquidation Committee since June 1996. Mr. Glickman graduated from Dartmouth College.

 

JOEL M. PASHCOW is one of our independent directors. Mr. Pashcow has been a member of the bar of the State of New York since 1968. Mr. Pashcow has been Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of Atlantic Realty Trust, a public company, since its inception on February 29, 1996 and was the Chairman of RPS Realty Trust. Atlantic Realty Trust’s predecessor, from its inception in December 1988 until May 1996. Mr. Pashcow is also a trustee of Ramco-Gershenson Properties Trust (formerly RPS Realty Trust), a public real estate investment trust listed on the New York Stock Exchange that invests in retail properties, and is Chairman of its Executive Committee. Mr. Pashcow graduated from Cornell University and Harvard Law School.

 

DAVID LICHTENSTEIN is the Chairman of our board of directors and our Chief Executive Officer and President. Mr. Lichtenstein has been a member of our board of directors since June 8, 2004. Mr. Lichtenstein founded both American Shelter Corporation and The Lightstone Group in 1985 and directs all aspects of the acquisition, financing and management of a diverse portfolio of multi-family, retail and industrial properties located in 24 states and Puerto Rico that is owned by these companies. He is a member of the International Council of Shopping Centers and NAREIT. Mr. Lichtenstein is the Chairman of the board of directors of Prime Retail and Park Avenue Bank, both private companies. In 2003, Mr. Lichtenstein oversaw the acquisition of International Village and Regency Park South, residential properties located in Indianapolis, Indiana and containing an aggregate of 764 units. He also directed the acquisition of a portfolio of 19 apartment buildings in Virginia containing 1,808 units and the acquisition of Prime Outlets, which owns 32 outlet centers, containing approximately 8.6 million square feet, located throughout the United States. Finally, Mr. Lichtenstein was responsible for acquiring a six-building high-tech industrial complex, containing approximately 375,000 square feet, located in Las Piedras, Puerto Rico and three shopping centers containing approximately 187,000 square feet, located in New Jersey. Mr. Lichtenstein is a frequent lecturer on Real Estate matters. He is often interviewed by a variety of major financial and real estate publications including Commercial Property News, Globe St., The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal.

 

BRUNO DE VINCK is our Chief Operating Officer, Senior Vice President, Secretary and a Director. Mr. de Vinck is involved in the management and renovation of various multi-family, retail and industrial properties for The Lightstone Group. Mr. de Vinck studied Architecture at Pratt Institute and then worked for the Bechtel Corporation from February 1966 to May 1970 in the engineering department as a senior structural draftsman. Since July 1972 he has overseen the management, construction and development of commercial and residential investments. During that time, Mr. de Vinck was the General Manager of JN Management Co. from November 1992 to January 1994, AKS Management Co., Inc. from September 1988 to July 1992 and Heritage Management Co., Inc. from May 1986 to September 1988. In addition, Mr. de Vinck worked as Senior Property Manager at Hekemien & Co. from May 1975 to May 1986, as a Property Manager at Charles H. Greenthal & Co. from July 1972 to June 1975 and in sales and residential development for McDonald & Phillips Real Estate Brokers from

 

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May 1970 to June 1972. From July 1982 to July 1984 Mr. de Vinck was the founding president of the Ramsey Homestead Corp., a not-for-profit senior citizen residential health care facility, and, from July 1984 until October 2004, was Chairman of its board of directors. Mr. de Vinck is a past New Jersey chapter president for the Institute of Real Estate Management (IREM), as well as a past Director of the New Jersey Association of Realtors. Since July 2004, Mr. de Vinck is a Director of the Park Avenue Bank, New York City. Mr. de Vinck joined American Shelter Corporation, an affiliate of The Lightstone Group, in April 1994, as the Vice President and General Manager. He presently acts as Senior Vice President of the Lightstone Group and has done so since the formation of that entity.

 

ANGELA MIRIZZI-OLSEN is our Chief Investment Officer and Vice President. Ms. Mirizzi-Olsen directs the underwriting and financing of The Lightstone Group’s acquisitions, oversees the refinancing of existing properties and is involved in a variety of complex joint venture and wholly-owned transactions. Ms. Olsen has extensive experience in varied property types including multifamily, hotel, retail, office, and industrial. Ms. Olsen has over 20 years of real estate banking and structured finance experience. Prior to joining The Lightstone Group in July 2001, Ms. Mirizzi-Olsen was a Vice President of Arbor Commercial Mortgage, a national real estate financing organization, from May 1997 through June 2001. Ms Olsen underwrote, structured and originated mezzanine, bridge and preferred equity transactions. In addition, Ms. Mirizzi-Olsen was a Vice President at ARCS from January 1996 to May 1997, where she underwrote Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgages. She has also worked as an independent real estate consultant for Citicorp Securities from April 1993 to January 1996 and as an Assistant Vice President at American Savings Bank from February 1991 until April 1993.

 

MICHAEL M. SCHURER is our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Mr. Schurer received a Bachelor of Arts in Accounting from Rutgers University and earned his CPA designation in 1987. Since August 2004, Mr. Schurer has been Chief Financial Officer and Vice President of Northwest Hotel Group (formally Grand Heritage Hotel Group), a private operator of luxury, boutique and historic hotels in the United States and Caribbean. From January 2001 through August 2004, Mr. Schurer was Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary of Humphrey Hospitality Trust, Inc., a public, limited service hotel REIT that held as many as 93 properties during his time there. From March 1997 to September 2000, Mr. Schurer was Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of Crown Golf Properties, LP, a private golf course development, management and construction company. Prior to 1997, Mr. Schurer served as Division Controller, Senior Manager and Audit Manager with Marriott International, and as an independent auditor with Pannell Kerr Forster and Ernst & Young.

 

SAMUEL MOERMAN is our Vice-President-Property Management. Mr. Moerman has the same position with our sponsor, where his responsibilities range from ensuring the smooth absorption of our sponsor’s diverse acquisitions to the oversight of the property and asset management teams tasked with enhancing the performance of our sponsor’s portfolio. Mr. Moerman also coordinates resources for all capital projects and tenant build-outs. Before joining our sponsor, Mr. Moerman was Chief Operating Officer of Webspan Communications, an internet service provider, from February 1997 to February 1999. While there, he was responsible for creating the company’s infrastructure and aggressively growing its membership and revenues, which ultimately led to its acquisition by a large public company. Mr. Moerman joined American Shelter Corporation in February of 1999. Since that time, he has held the position of Vice President of Property Management. Mr. Moerman has worked for either American Shelter Corporation or The Lightstone Group since 1999.

 

ADRIANA M. PETERS is our General Counsel and has served as General Counsel to the Lightstone Group and American Shelter Corporation since May of 2000. Ms. Peters oversees all legal functions for the Lightstone Group and works in conjunction with the acquisition and financing departments in the closing of new acquisition and refinancing transactions. In addition to managing outside counsel, to date Ms. Peters has closed over 100 million in financing in-house for The Lightstone Group and its affiliates. Ms. Peters also oversees corporate governance and reviews and drafts acquisition documents, corporate formation documents and related contracts. Prior to joining the The Lightstone Group, Ms. Peters was in private practice from November 1998 to May 2000, specializing in commercial and residential real estate transactions. Prior to November 1998, Ms. Peters was a

 

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member of the corporate department at Sills Cummis Epstein & Gross. Ms. Peters obtained her BA from Villanova University, cum laude, in 1990, and her JD from Hofstra University in 1993.

 

Committees of Our Board of Directors

 

Our charter authorizes our board of directors to establish such committees as it deems appropriate, so long as a majority of the members of each committee are independent directors, any applicable rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission and other applicable regulations and, in the case of the audit committee, all members are independent directors. Currently, we intend to form the committees listed below:

 

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee . Our board of directors will establish a nominating and corporate governance committee. Our nominating and corporate governance committee will be comprised of 3 directors. It will be formed to establish and implement our corporate governance practices and to nominate individuals for election to the board of directors. Our nominating and corporate governance committee will operate pursuant to a written charter to be adopted by our board of directors. Among other things, the committee charter will call upon the nominating and corporate governance committee to:

 

    develop criteria for selecting new directors and to identify individuals qualified to become board members and members of the various committees of the board;

 

    select, or to recommend that the board select, the director nominees for each annual meeting of stockholders and the committee nominees; and

 

    develop and recommend to the board a set of corporate governance principles applicable to the corporation.

 

The nominating and corporate governance committee will consider nominees recommended by stockholders.

 

Audit Committee. Our board of directors will establish an audit committee consisting of three independent directors. These independent directors will include at least one person who is a financial expert, as defined by applicable rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Our audit committee will operate pursuant to a written charter to be adopted by our board of directors. Among other things, the audit committee charter will call upon the audit committee to:

 

    oversee the accounting and financial reporting processes and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements on behalf of our board of directors and report the results of its activities to the board;

 

    be directly and solely responsible for the appointment, retention, compensation, oversight, evaluation and, when appropriate, the termination and replacement of our independent auditors;

 

    review the annual engagement proposal and qualifications of our independent auditors;

 

    prepare an annual report as required by applicable SEC disclosure rules;

 

    review the integrity, adequacy and effectiveness of our internal controls and financial disclosure process;

 

    review and approve all related party transactions, including all transactions with our advisor; and

 

    manage our relationship with our advisor under the advisory agreement.

 

The audit committee shall have such additional powers, duties and responsibilities as may be delegated by the board of directors or contained in an audit committee charter that is approved by the board of directors.

 

Our charter provides that in order to be considered an independent director, the director may not, other than in his or her capacity as a director:

 

    own any interest in the sponsor, the advisor or their affiliates, other than us;

 

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    be or have been employed by the advisor, the sponsor or their affiliates, or by us or our affiliates, on the date of determination or for two years prior to the date of determination;

 

    serve as an officer or director of the sponsor, the advisor or any of their affiliates, other than as a member of our board of directors;

 

    perform services, other than as a member of our board of directors;

 

    serve as a director, including as a member of our board of directors, of more than three real estate investment trusts organized by the sponsor or advised by the advisor; or

 

    maintain a “material” business or professional relationship with the sponsor, the advisor or any of their affiliates. A business or professional relationship qualifies as “material” if the aggregate gross revenue derived by the director from the sponsor, the advisor and their affiliates exceeds five percent of either the director’s annual gross income during either of the last two years or the director’s net worth on a fair market value basis.

 

In addition, an independent director may not maintain, or have maintained, any of these prohibited associations either directly or indirectly. According to our charter, an indirect association with the sponsor or the advisor includes circumstances in which a spouse, parent, child, sibling, mother- or father-in-law, son- or daughter-in-law or brother- or sister-in-law is or has been associated with the sponsor, the advisor, any of their affiliates or us.

 

Compensation Committee. Our board of directors will establish a compensation committee. Our board of directors will determine that all of the compensation committee members qualify as: “non-employee directors” under Exchange Act rule 16b-3; and “outside directors” under Internal Revenue Code section 162(m). Our compensation committee will be comprised of 3 directors.

 

Our compensation committee will operate pursuant to a written charter to be adopted by our board of directors. Among other things, the compensation committee charter calls upon the compensation committee to:

 

    develop the overall compensation policies and the corporate goals and objectives, if any, relevant to the chief executive officer’s compensation from our company;

 

    evaluate the chief executive officer’s performance in light of those goals and objectives, if any;

 

    be directly and solely responsible for establishing the chief executive officer’s compensation level, if any, based on this evaluation;

 

    make recommendations to the board regarding the compensation, if any, of officers junior to the chief executive officer, incentive-compensation plans and equity-based plans; and

 

    produce an annual report on executive compensation for inclusion in our proxy statement.

 

Compensation of Directors

 

We pay each of our independent directors an annual fee of $30,000 and are responsible for the reimbursement of their out-of-pocket expenses, as incurred. In addition, under our stock option plan, our independent directors will receive options to purchase shares of our common stock.

 

Compensation of Officers

 

Our officers will not receive any cash or non-cash compensation from us for their services as our officers. Our officers are officers of one or more of our affiliates and are compensated by those entities (including our sponsor), in part, for their services rendered to us.

 

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Stock Option Plan

 

We have adopted a stock option plan under which our independent directors are eligible to receive annual nondiscretionary awards of nonqualified stock options. Our stock option plan is designed to enhance our profitability and value for the benefit of our stockholders by enabling us to offer independent directors stock-based incentives, thereby creating a means to raise the level of equity ownership by such individuals in order to attract, retain and reward such individuals and strengthen the mutuality of interests between such individuals and our stockholders.

 

We have authorized and reserved 75,000 shares of our common stock for issuance under our stock option plan. The board of directors may make appropriate adjustments to the number of shares available for awards and the terms of outstanding awards under our stock option plan to reflect any change in our capital structure or business, stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization, reorganization, merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets.

 

Our stock option plan provides for the automatic grant of a nonqualified stock option to each of our independent directors, without any further action by our board of directors or the stockholders, to purchase 3,000 shares of our common stock on the date of each annual stockholder’s meeting. The exercise price for all stock options granted under our stock option plan will be fixed at $10 per share until the termination of our initial public offering, and thereafter the exercise price for stock options granted to our independent directors will be equal to the fair market value of a share on the last business day preceding the annual meeting of stockholders. The term of each such option will be 10 years. Options granted to non-employee directors will vest and become exercisable on the second anniversary of the date of grant, provided that the independent director is a director on the board of directors on that date.

 

Notwithstanding any other provisions of our stock option plan to the contrary, no stock option issued pursuant thereto may be exercised if such exercise would jeopardize our status as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code.

 

Corporate Governance

 

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics . Our board of directors will establish a code of business conduct and ethics. Among other matters, the code of business conduct and ethics will be designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote:

 

    honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships;

 

    full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in our SEC reports and other public communications;

 

    compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations;

 

    prompt internal reporting of violations of the code to appropriate persons identified in the code; and

 

    accountability for adherence to the code.

 

Waivers to the code of business conduct and ethics may only be granted by the governance and nominating committee of the board. In the event that the committee grants any waivers of the elements listed above to any of our officers, we expect to announce the waiver within five business days on the corporate governance section of www.lightstonereit.com, the corporate website that we will establish. The information on that website will not be a part of this prospectus.

 

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Our Advisor

 

Our advisor, Lightstone Value Plus REIT LLC, is a Delaware limited liability company and is wholly owned by our sponsor. Our advisor was formed on June 28, 2004. The following table sets forth information regarding the executive officers and directors of our advisor.

 

NAME


   AGE

  

POSITION


David Lichtenstein

   43    Chief Executive Officer and Chief Acquisitions Officer

Bruno de Vinck

   59    Chief Operating Officer, Senior Vice President and Secretary

Angela Mirizzi-Olsen

   42    Chief Investment Officer and Vice President

Michael M. Schurer

   43    Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Samuel Moerman

   41    Vice-President-Property Management

Adriana M. Peters

   36    General Counsel

 

The biographies of Messrs. Lichtenstein, Mirizzi-Olsen, Schurer, Moerman, de Vinck and Peters are set forth above in “Our Directors and Executive Officers.”

 

Our Advisory Agreement

 

Experience of Our Advisor. The experience of our advisor, which is wholly owned by our sponsor, can be assessed by reference to our sponsor’s prior performance. For a summary of our sponsor’s prior performance, see “Prior Performance Summary” and the Prior Performance Tables included in the back of this prospectus at pages A-1 through A-5. In addition, each of David Lichtenstein and Angela Mirizzi-Olsen has over 15 years of experience in identifying, acquiring financing, refinancing and operating real property investments. For a further discussion of the experience of Mr. Lichtenstein and Ms. Mirizzi-Olsen, see “Our Directors and Executive Officers.” The board of directors will determine that any successor advisor possesses sufficient qualifications to perform the advisory function for us and justify the compensation provided for in its contract with us.

 

Duties of Our Advisor. Under the terms of our advisory agreement, our advisor generally has responsibility for our day-to-day operations. Many of the services to be performed by the advisor in managing our day-to-day activities are summarized below. This summary is provided to illustrate the material functions which the advisor will perform for us as our advisor, and it is not intended to include all of the services which may be provided to us by the advisor or by third parties. Under the terms of the advisory agreement, the advisor undertakes to use its best efforts to present to us investment opportunities consistent with our investment policies and objectives as adopted by our board of directors. In its performance of this undertaking, the advisor, either directly or indirectly by engaging an affiliate or third party, shall, subject to the authority of the board of directors:

 

    find, present and recommend to us real estate investment opportunities consistent with our investment policies, acquisition strategy and objectives;

 

    structure the terms and conditions of transactions pursuant to which acquisitions of properties will be made;

 

    acquire properties on our behalf in compliance with our investment objectives and policies;

 

    arrange for the financing and refinancing of properties;

 

    administer our bookkeeping and accounting functions;

 

    serve as our consultant in connection with policy decisions to be made by our board of directors, managing our properties or causing them to be managed by another party;

 

    render other services as our board of directors deems appropriate.

 

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The advisor may not acquire any property with a purchase price that is equal to or greater than $15,000,000 or finance any such acquisition, on our behalf, without the prior approval of a majority of our board of directors. The actual terms and conditions of transactions involving investments in such properties will be determined in the sole discretion of the advisor, subject at all times to such board of directors approval. Conversely, the advisor may acquire any real property with purchase price that is lower than $15,000,000, or finance any such acquisition, on our behalf, without the prior approval of the board of directors, if the following conditions are satisfied: (i) the investment in the property would not, if consummated, violate our investment guidelines, (ii) the investment in the property would not, if consummated, violate any restrictions on indebtedness; and (iii) the consideration to be paid for such properties does not exceed the fair market value of such properties, as determined by a qualified independent real estate appraiser selected by the advisor.

 

Likewise, the advisor may not arrange for the financing and refinancing of properties without a satisfactory showing that such a higher level of borrowing is appropriate, the approval of the board of directors and disclosure to stockholders if such financing or refinancing, when consummated, causes the total long-term permanent leverage on all of our properties, in the aggregate, to exceed 75% of such properties’ fair market value. The actual terms and conditions of financing and refinancing transactions will be determined in the sole discretion of the advisor, subject at all times to board of directors approval. However, the advisor may arrange for the financing and refinancing of properties, without the approval of the board of directors, if such financing or refinancing, when consummated, does not cause the aggregate long-term permanent leverage on all of our properties, in the aggregate, to exceed 75% of such properties’ fair market value. The advisor can also arrange for short-term indebtedness, having a maturity of two years or less.

 

Finally, the advisor may not arrange for the financing and refinancing of properties without a satisfactory showing that such a higher level of borrowing is appropriate, the approval of the board of directors and disclosure to stockholders if such financing or refinancing, when consummated, causes the total leverage on all of our properties, in the aggregate, to exceed 300% of our net assets. In addition, our aggregate borrowings, secured and unsecured, must be reasonable in relation to our net assets and reviewed by our board of directors at least quarterly. The actual terms and conditions of financing and refinancing will be determined in the sole discretion of the advisor, subject at all times to approval of our board of directors. However, the advisor may arrange for the financing and refinancing of properties, without the approval of the board of directors, if such financing or refinancing, when consummated, does not cause the total leverage on all of our properties, in the aggregate, to exceed 300% of our net assets. In addition, the advisor may not arrange for mortgage loans, including construction loans, on any one property if the aggregate amount of all mortgage loans outstanding on the property, including our loans, would exceed 85% of the property’s appraised value, unless substantial justification exists and the loans would not exceed the property’s appraised value.

 

Term of the advisory agreement . The advisory agreement has an initial term of one year and is renewable for successive one-year terms upon the mutual consent of the parties. It may be terminated by either party, by mutual consent of the parties or by a majority of the independent directors or the advisor, as the case may be, upon 60 days’ written notice. If the advisory agreement is terminated, the advisor must cooperate with us and take all reasonable steps requested by our board of directors to assist it in making an orderly transition of the advisory function. We will also have to pay our advisor any accrued but unpaid fees and expenses, as set forth below.

 

Compensation to advisor . The advisory agreement provides for the advisor to be paid fees in connection with services provided to us. (See “Management Compensation.”) These fees include:

 

    a property acquisition fee; and

 

    an asset management fee.

 

We will not reimburse the advisor or its affiliates for services for which the advisor or its affiliates are entitled to compensation in the form of a separate fee. If the advisor or its affiliates perform services that are

 

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outside of the scope of the advisory agreement, we will compensate them at rates and in amounts agreed upon by the advisor and the independent directors.

 

Other than as set forth in the following paragraph, the advisor bears the expenses it incurs in connection with performing its duties under the advisory agreement. These include salaries and fringe benefits of its directors and officers, travel costs and other administrative expenses of its directors or officers.

 

We will reimburse the advisor for certain costs it incurs in connection with the services it provides to us including, but not limited to: (i) organization costs in an amount up to 2% of gross offering proceeds, which include actual legal, accounting, printing and expenses attributable to preparing the SEC registration statement, qualification of the shares for sale in the states and filing fees incurred by the advisor, as well as reimbursements for salaries and direct expenses of its employees, including, without limitation, employee benefits, while engaged in registering the shares and other organization costs, other than selling commissions and the dealer manager fee; (ii) advertising expenses, expense reimbursements, and legal and accounting fees; (iii) the actual cost of goods and materials used by us and obtained from entities not affiliated with the advisor; (iv) administrative services (including personnel costs; provided, however, that no reimbursement shall be made for costs of personnel to the extent that such personnel perform services in transactions for which the advisor receives a separate fee); (v) acquisition expenses, which include travel and expenses related to the selection and acquisition of properties and for goods and services provided by the advisor; (vi) rent, leasehold improvement costs, utilities or other administrative items generally constituting our advisor’s overhead; and (vi) expenses related to negotiating and servicing mortgage loans. We will not reimburse the advisor for any services for which we will pay the advisor a separate fee.

 

Fees payable upon termination of the advisory agreement. If the advisory agreement is terminated for any reason, the advisor will be entitled to receive payment of any earned but unpaid compensation and expense reimbursements accrued as of the date of termination. In addition, the special general partner interests will be converted into cash in an amount equal to the purchase price of the special general partner interests.

 

The advisor will be entitled to receive all accrued but unpaid compensation in cash within 30 days of the effective date of the termination.

 

Reimbursement by advisor. Unless our stockholders amend our charter, our advisor must reimburse us for the amounts, if any, by which our total operating expenses paid during the previous fiscal year exceed the greater of:

 

    2% of our average invested assets for that fiscal year; or

 

    25% of our net income for that fiscal year;

 

provided, however, only so much of the excess specified above will be required to be reimbursed as the board of directors, including a majority of the independent directors, determines should justifiably be reimbursed in light of such unanticipated, unusual or non-recurring factors which may have occurred within 60 days after the end of the quarter for which the excess occurred. In this event, the stockholders will be sent a written disclosure and explanation of the factors the independent directors considered in arriving at the conclusion that the higher total operating expenses were justified.

 

Liability and indemnification of advisor. Under the advisory agreement, we are also required to indemnify the advisor and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding with respect to the advisor’s acts or omissions. For details regarding these limitations and circumstances under which we are required or authorized to indemnify and to advance expenses to the advisor, see “Limitation of Liability and Indemnification of Directors, Officers and Our Advisor.”

 

Other activities of advisor and its affiliates. The advisor and its affiliates expect to engage in other business ventures and, as a result, their resources will not be dedicated exclusively to our business. However, pursuant to

 

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the advisory agreement, the advisor must devote sufficient resources to the administration of Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. to discharge its obligations. The advisor may assign the advisory agreement to an affiliate upon approval of a majority of the independent directors. We may assign or transfer the advisory agreement to a successor entity.

 

Amendment of the advisory agreement. The advisory agreement can be amended by a written instrument that is signed by all of the parties to that agreement (or their successors or assigns, where applicable).

 

Potential acquisition of advisor and property manager. Many REITs which are listed on a national stock exchange or included for quotation on a national market system are considered “self-administered,” since the employees of such a REIT perform all significant management functions. In contrast, REITs that are not self-administered, like us, typically engage a third-party, such as our advisor and property manager, to perform management functions on its behalf. If for any reason our independent directors determine that we should become self-administered, the advisory agreement and the property management agreement each permit us to acquire the business conducted by the advisor and the property manager (including all of its assets). As the parent of our advisor and property manager and thus the recipient of the proceeds from such sales, our sponsor has an incentive to achieve our listing on a national stock exchange or inclusion for quotation on a national market system and thus cause the independent directors to determine that we should become self-administered. See “Conflicts of Interest.”

 

If we choose to acquire these businesses, their stockholders will receive in connection with such an acquisition, and in exchange for terminating any contractual arrangements and the release and waiver of all fees payable under their provisions until their stated termination, but not paid, such number of shares of our common stock as is determined in accordance with the following paragraph. We will be obligated to pay any fees accrued under such contractual arrangements for services rendered through the closing of such acquisitions.

 

The number of shares we may issue shall be determined as follows. We shall first send an election notice to the advisor or the property manager of our election to proceed with such a transaction. Next, the net income of the advisor or the property manager for the six month period immediately preceding the month in which the election notice is delivered, as determined by an independent audit conducted in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards, shall be annualized. (The advisor or the property manager shall bear the cost of any such audit.) Such amount shall then be multiplied by nine-tenths (0.90) and then divided by our “Funds from Operations per Weighted Average Share.” “Funds from Operations per Weighted Average Share” shall be equal to the annualized Funds from Operations (as defined below; i.e., four times the Funds from Operations for the quarter immediately preceding the delivery of the election notice) per weighted average share for us for such quarter, all based upon our quarterly report delivered to our stockholders for such quarter. The resulting quotient shall constitute the number of shares of our common stock to be issued, with delivery thereof and the closing of the transaction to occur within 90 days of delivery of the election notice. “Funds from Operations” means generally net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains or losses from debt restructuring and sales of properties, plus depreciation of real property and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.

 

Under some circumstances, we can enter into and consummate such transactions without seeking specific stockholder approval. See “Conflicts of Interest.” Any such transaction will occur, if at all, only if our board of directors obtains a fairness opinion from a recognized financial advisor or institution providing valuation services to the effect that the consideration to be paid therefor is fair, from a financial point of view, to our stockholders.

 

The Property Manager and the Management Agreement

 

Our property manager, Lightstone Value Plus REIT Management LLC, provides property management services to us under the terms of the management agreement. Our property manager was formed in Delaware on June 30, 2004 and is wholly-owned by our sponsor. The property manager provides services in connection with

 

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the rental, leasing, operation and management of our properties. We have agreed to pay the property manager a monthly management fee of 5% of the gross revenues from our residential and retail properties. In addition, for the management and leasing of our office and industrial properties, we will pay to our property manager, property management and leasing fees of up to 4.5% of gross revenues from our office and industrial properties. We may pay our property manager a separate fee for the one-time initial rent-up or leasing-up of newly constructed office and industrial properties in an amount not to exceed the fee customarily charged in arm’s length transactions by others rendering similar services in the same geographic area for similar properties as determined by a survey of brokers and agents in such area.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, our property manager may be entitled to receive higher fees in the event our property manager demonstrates to the satisfaction of a majority of the directors (including a majority of the independent directors) that a higher competitive fee is justified for the services rendered.

 

Our property manager will also be paid a monthly fee for any extra services equal to no more than that which would be payable to an unrelated party providing the services.

 

The property manager may subcontract its duties for a fee that may be less than the fee provided for in the management services agreements. In the event that the property manager subcontracts its duties with respect to some or all of our properties, the fees payable to such parties for such services will be deducted from the monthly management fee payable to our property manager by us or paid directly by our property manager.

 

The management agreement can be amended by written instrument executed by the party against whom the amendment is asserted. The management agreement can be terminated after one year and will terminate upon written notice from our operating partnership to the property manager of gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties. The management agreement will also terminate upon our property manager’s bankruptcy, receivership, reorganization or similar financial difficulties relating to its insolvency.

 

We have the option to acquire our property manager. See “Conflicts of Interest” and “Management—Our Advisory Agreement—Potential acquisition of advisor and property manager” for a description of this right and the terms under which we may exercise it.

 

Lightstone Securities, LLC

 

Lightstone Securities, our dealer manager, is registered under the applicable federal and state securities laws and is qualified to do business as a securities broker-dealer throughout the United States. It does not render these services to anyone other than affiliates of The Lightstone Group, and it does not make sales directly to retail customers or maintain customer accounts. It is a member firm of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. and has qualified as a broker-dealer in all 50 states.

 

We will pay Lightstone Securities selling commissions of up to 7% of gross offering proceeds before reallowance of commissions earned by participating broker-dealers. Lightstone Securities will provide wholesale marketing support in connection with this offering and expects to reallow 100% of commissions earned for those transactions that involve participating broker-dealers. We will also pay to Lightstone Securities a dealer manager fee of up to 1% of gross offering proceeds before reallowance to participating broker-dealers. Lightstone Securities, in its sole discretion, may reallow a portion of its dealer manager fee of up to 1% of the gross offering proceeds to be paid to such participating broker-dealers.

 

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Set forth below is a table that demonstrates the compensation that will be paid to our dealer manager, which will have no net effect on our total proceeds.

 

     Per Unit

    Total Minimum

    Total Maximum

 

Price to public

   $ 10.00     $ 10,000,000     $ 300,000,000  

Selling commissions paid by us

     (.70 )     (700,000 )     (21,000,000 )

Selling commissions funded using proceeds from sale of special general partner interests

     .70       700,000       21,000,000  

Dealer manager fee paid by us

     (.10 )     (100,000 )     (3,000,000 )

Dealer manager fee funded using proceeds from sale of special
general partner interests

     .10       100,000       3,000,000  

Proceeds to Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.

   $ 10.00     $ 10,000,000     $ 300,000,000  

 

Lightstone SLP, LLC

 

Lightstone SLP, LLC was formed in Delaware on February 11, 2005, for the purpose of purchasing the special general partner interests from our operating partnership in exchange for proceeds sufficient to pay all offering and organization expenses and receiving special general partner distributions. Lightstone SLP, LLC is a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of our sponsor.

 

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LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION

OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS AND OUR ADVISOR

 

Our charter provides that our advisor and directors are deemed to be in a fiduciary relationship to us and our stockholders and that our directors have a fiduciary duty to the stockholders to supervise our relationship with the advisor.

 

The liability of our directors and officers to us or our stockholders for money damages is limited to the fullest extent permitted. As a result, our directors and officers will not be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages unless:

 

    the person actually received an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; and

 

    the person is adjudged to be liable based on a finding that the person’s action, or failure to act, was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty and was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding.

 

Except as described below, our charter authorizes and directs us to indemnify and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses to any director, officer, employee or agent, and our advisor and its affiliates. Our charter currently prohibits us from indemnifying or holding harmless for any loss or liability that we suffer, any director, officer, employee, agent or the advisor or its affiliates unless:

 

    the person seeking indemnification has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct which caused the loss or liability was in our best interests;

 

    the person seeking indemnification was acting on our behalf or performing services for us; and

 

    the liability or loss was not the result of negligence or misconduct on the part of the person seeking indemnification, except that if the person seeking indemnification is or was an independent director, the liability or loss will not have been the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct.

 

In any such case, the indemnification or agreement to indemnify is recoverable only out of our net assets and not from the assets of our stockholders.

 

We will not indemnify any director, officer, employee, agent or the advisor, his, her or its affiliates for losses, liabilities or expenses arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws unless one or more of the following conditions are met:

 

    there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations;

 

    the claims have been dismissed with prejudice by a court of competent jurisdiction; or a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims and finds that indemnification of the settlement and related costs should be made, and the court considering the request has been advised of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the published position of any state securities regulatory authority of a jurisdiction in which our securities were offered and sold as to indemnification for securities law violations.

 

Subject to applicable law, our charter requires us to advance amounts to a person entitled to indemnification for legal and other expenses and costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which indemnification is being sought only if all of the following conditions are satisfied:

 

    the legal action relates to acts or omissions relating to the performance of duties or services for us or on our behalf by the person seeking indemnification;

 

    the legal action is initiated by a third party who is not a stockholder or the legal action is initiated by a stockholder acting in his or her capacity as such and a court of competent jurisdiction specifically approves advancement;

 

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    the person seeking indemnification provides us with a written affirmation of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification; and

 

    the person seeking indemnification undertakes in writing to repay us the advanced funds, together with interest at the applicable legal rate of interest, if the person seeking indemnification is found not to be entitled to indemnification.

 

We may purchase and maintain insurance or provide similar protection on behalf of any director, officer, employee, agent or the advisor or its affiliates against any liability asserted which was incurred in any such capacity with us or arising out of such status; provided, however , that we may not incur the costs of any liability insurance which insures any person against liability for which he, she or it could not be indemnified under our charter. We may enter into any contract for indemnity and advancement of expenses with any officer, employee or agent who is not a director as may be determined by the board of directors and as permitted by law. Our sponsor has purchased directors and officers liability insurance on behalf of our officers and directors and we will reimburse our sponsor for the premiums incurred under such policy.

 

The Lightstone Group will enter into separate indemnification agreements with each of our directors and some of our executive officers. The indemnification agreements will require The Lightstone Group to indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by law, subject to the limits referred to above. The Lightstone Group also may indemnify and advance expenses incurred by directors and officers seeking to enforce their rights under the indemnification agreements and cover directors and officers under The Lightstone Group’s directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, if any. Although the form of indemnification agreement will offer substantially the same scope of coverage afforded by provisions in our charter and bylaws, it will provide greater assurance to directors and officers that indemnification will be available, because as a contract, it cannot be unilaterally modified by The Lightstone Group’s or our boards of directors or by the stockholders to eliminate the rights it will provide.

 

We have been advised that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any indemnification that applies to liabilities arising under the Securities Act is contrary to public policy and, therefore, unenforceable.

 

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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

 

The following table provides information as of May 23, 2005 regarding the number and percentage of shares beneficially owned by each director, each executive officer, all directors and executive officers as a group and any person known to us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding shares. As of May     , 2005, we had one stockholder of record and 20,000 shares of common stock outstanding. Beneficial ownership includes outstanding shares and shares which are not outstanding that any person has the right to acquire within 60 days after the date of this table. However any such shares which are not outstanding are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of outstanding shares beneficially owned by any other person. Except as indicated, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investing power with respect to all shares beneficially owned by them.

 

Beneficial Owner


   Number of shares
beneficially owned


     Percent of class

 

The Lightstone Group (1)

   20,000      100 %

(1) Includes 20,000 shares owned by our advisor. Our advisor is wholly owned by The Lightstone Group, LLC, which is controlled and wholly owned by David W. Lichtenstein, our sponsor. Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is also controlled and wholly owned by our sponsor, will receive special general partner interests of our operating partnership in exchange for $30,000,000, assuming 30,000,000 shares are sold pursuant to this offering, which we will use to defray all costs and expenses of this offering, including organization costs and selling commissions.

 

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OUR STRUCTURE AND FORMATION

 

We were formed on June 8, 2004 as a Maryland corporation. The operating partnership was formed on July 12, 2004 as a Delaware limited partnership.

 

Structure

 

We operate our business using what is commonly known as an UPREIT structure. This means that we have formed the operating partnership to own all of our assets, either directly or indirectly. Our advisor contributed $200,000 to us for 20,000 shares of our common stock to form us. We have contributed the $200,000 of proceeds we received from the advisor in exchange for 20,000 general partnership units in the operating partnership. As a result, we are the sole general partner of the operating partnership. We will contribute the net proceeds of this offering to the operating partnership. We are and will be the only holder of regular general partnership units in the operating partnership. As the general partner of the operating partnership, we will have the power to manage and conduct the business of the operating partnership, subject to the consent of the special general partner as to management decisions and other limited exceptions set forth in the operating partnership agreement. See “Operating Partnership Agreement.” The advisor holds 200 limited partnership units in the operating partnership valued at $10 each for its $2,000 capital contribution. As a result, the advisor is a limited partner in the operating partnership.

 

We will conduct substantially all of our business, and hold our interests in the properties in which we invest, directly or indirectly, through the operating partnership.

 

As a REIT, we may conduct some of our business and hold some of our interests in properties through “taxable REIT subsidiaries” which may be wholly or partially owned. Although we do not currently intend to have any taxable REIT subsidiaries, we may in the future decide to conduct some business or hold some of our interests in properties in such subsidiaries.

 

See “Prospectus Summary—Organizational Chart” for a diagram depicting the services to be rendered by our affiliates to us, as well as our organizational structure and the organizational structure of the operating partnership.

 

If the minimum offering of 1,000,000 shares is sold or the maximum offering of 30,000,000 shares is sold, the advisor’s 20,000 shares will, in each case, represent less than 1% of the issued and outstanding shares.

 

Prior to this offering, our 20,000 general partnership units represent 99.01 %, and the advisor’s 200 limited partnership units represent .99%, of the outstanding units of the operating partnership. If only the minimum offering of 1,000,000 shares for gross offering proceeds of $10,000,000 is sold, we will receive 1,000,000 general partnership units for contributing such proceeds to the operating partnership (this figure includes the purchase, described in the preceding paragraph, of the shares sold to The Lightstone Group or an affiliate). If 30,000,000 of the shares offered by this prospectus are sold for gross offering proceeds of $300,000,000 as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, we will receive 30,000,000 general partnership units for contributing such proceeds to the operating partnership (this figure includes the purchase, described in the preceding paragraph, of the shares sold to The Lightstone Group or an affiliate).

 

Currently, we do not own any properties. We may form entities to acquire properties. They will be owned or controlled directly or indirectly by the operating partnership. Properties that will be purchased by us in the future may be owned by entities that will be directly or indirectly owned by the operating partnership. In other instances, there likely will be other investors in the entities that own our properties, in addition to the operating partnership. These investors would be the former owners of properties that we acquired from them in exchange for interests in such entities.

 

We intend to comply with all of the corporate responsibility and disclosure rules related to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).

 

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Benefits of the UPREIT Structure

 

The benefits of our REIT status and UPREIT structure include the following:

 

    Access to capital . We believe our structure will provide us with access to capital for refinancing and growth. Sources of capital include the common stock sold in this offering and possible future issuances of debt or equity through public offerings or private placements. Our anticipated financial strength should enable us to obtain financing at advantageous rates and on acceptable terms.

 

    Growth . Our structure will allow stockholders through their ownership of common stock and the limited partners through their ownership of limited partnership units, an opportunity to participate in the growth of the real estate market through an ongoing business enterprise. In addition to the portfolio of initial real properties, we give stockholders an interest in all future investments in additional properties.

 

    Tax Deferral . The UPREIT structure will provide property owners who transfer their real properties to the operating partnership in exchange for limited partnership units the opportunity to defer the tax consequences that would arise from a sale of their real properties and other assets to us or to a third party. This will allow us to acquire assets without using as much of our cash and may allow us to acquire assets that the owner would otherwise be unwilling to sell because of tax considerations.

 

Affiliates

 

Throughout this prospectus, we use the term “affiliate.” For purposes of this prospectus, an “affiliate” of any natural person, partnership, corporation, association, trust, limited liability or other legal entity (a “person”) includes any of the following:

 

(a) any person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding, with power to vote 10% or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other person;

 

(b) any person 10% or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held, with power to vote, by such other person;

 

(c) any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with, such other person;

 

(d) any executive officer, director, trustee or general partner of such other person; and

 

(e) any legal entity for which such person acts as an executive officer, director, trustee or general partner.

 

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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

As of the date of this prospectus, we have not yet had any operations. Therefore, we have not had any income, cash flow, funds from operations, or funds available for distributions, nor have we declared any distributions or issued any shares to public investors. We have sold 20,000 shares to our advisor for an aggregate purchase price of $200,000 and have contributed the proceeds from that sale to the operating partnership, for which we have acquired 20,000 general partnership units of the operating partnership. A portion of these proceeds were used to directly fund organization costs that have since been reimbursed by our advisor. The advisor has also made a capital contribution of $2,000 to the operating partnership, for which it acquired 200 limited partnership units of the operating partnership. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of the Financial Condition of the Company” and our financial statements and related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus.

 

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COMPETITION

 

The retail, office, industrial and residential real estate markets are highly competitive. We will compete in all of our markets with other owners and operators of retail, office, industrial and residential real estate. The continued development of new retail, office, industrial and residential properties has intensified the competition among owners and operators of these types of real estate in many market areas in which we intend to operate. We will compete based on a number of factors that include location, rental rates, security, suitability of the property’s design to prospective tenants’ needs and the manner in which the property is operated and marketed. The number of competing properties in a particular market could have a material effect on our occupancy levels, rental rates and on the operating expenses of certain of our properties.

 

In addition, we will compete with other entities engaged in real estate investment activities to locate suitable properties to acquire and to locate tenants and purchasers for our properties. These competitors will include other REITs, specialty finance companies, savings and loan associations, banks, mortgage bankers, insurance companies, mutual funds, institutional investors, investment banking firms, lenders, governmental bodies and other entities. There are also other REITs with asset acquisition objectives similar to ours and others may be organized in the future. Some of these competitors, including larger REITs, have substantially greater marketing and financial resources than we will have and generally may be able to accept more risk than we can prudently manage, including risks with respect to the creditworthiness of tenants. In addition, these same entities seek financing through similar channels to our company. Therefore, we will compete for institutional investors in a market where funds for real estate investment may decrease.

 

Competition from these and other third party real estate investors may limit the number of suitable investment opportunities available to us. It may also result in higher prices, lower yields and a narrower spread of yields over our borrowing costs, making it more difficult for us to acquire new investments on attractive terms. In addition, competition for desirable investments could delay the investment of proceeds from this offering in desirable assets, which may in turn reduce our earnings per share and negatively affect our ability to commence or maintain distributions to stockholders.

 

We believe that our senior management’s experience, coupled with our financing, professionalism, diversity of properties and reputation in the industry will enable us to compete with the other real estate investment companies.

 

Because we are organized as an UPREIT, we are well-positioned within the industries in which we intend to operate to offer existing owners the opportunity to contribute those properties to our company in tax-deferred transactions using our operating partnership units as transactional currency. As a result, we have a competitive advantage over most of our competitors that are structured as traditional REITs and non-REITs in pursuing acquisitions with tax-sensitive sellers.

 

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INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

 

General

 

Our primary objective is to achieve capital appreciation with a secondary objective of income without subjecting principal to undue risk. We intend to achieve this goal primarily through investments in real estate properties.

 

We intend to acquire residential and commercial properties. Our acquisitions may include both portfolios and individual properties. We expect that our commercial holdings will consist of retail (primarily multi-tenanted shopping centers), industrial and office properties and that our residential properties will be principally comprised of “Class B” multi-family complexes.

 

Unlike other REITs, which typically specialize in one sector of the real estate market, we intend to invest in both residential and commercial properties to provide a more general risk profile and take advantage of our sponsor’s expertise in acquiring larger properties and portfolios of both residential and commercial properties.

 

The following is descriptive of our investment objectives and policies:

 

    Reflecting a flexible operating style , our portfolio is likely to be diverse and include properties of different types (such as retail, office, industrial and residential properties); both passive and active investments; and joint venture transactions. The portfolio is likely to be determined largely by the purchase opportunities that the market offers, whether on an upward or downward trend. This is in contrast to those funds that are more likely to hold investments of a single type, usually as outlined in their charters.

 

    We may invest in properties that are not sold through conventional marketing and auction processes. Our investments may be at a dollar cost level lower than levels that attract those funds that hold investments of a single type.

 

    We may be more likely to make investments that are in need of rehabilitation, redirection, remarketing and/or additional capital investment.

 

    We may place major emphasis on a bargain element in our purchases, and often on the individual circumstances and motivations of the sellers. We will search for bargains that become available due to circumstances that occur when real estate cannot support the mortgages securing the property.

 

    We intend to pursue returns in excess of the returns targeted by real estate investors who target a single type of property investment.

 

We cannot assure you that we will attain these objectives.

 

Diversification

 

We will attempt to be diversified by property type. We may invest in retail (primarily multi-tenanted shopping centers), office, industrial and residential properties. The actual allocation to each property type is not predetermined and will ultimately depend on the relative attractiveness of the investments reviewed by our advisor and meeting our investment criteria and by the funds available to us to invest.

 

Sources of Investment Opportunities

 

We expect to originate transactions from real estate industry sources with whom our sponsor has built relationships over a number of years.

 

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In addition, some of our purchases will be from domestic banks, insurance companies and other regulated financial institutions, which may come into possession of real property as the result of foreclosures or surrenders.

 

Set forth below are summary descriptions of the investments that we expect to make.

 

Real Estate Investments

 

We may make equity investments in real estate; such investments will be made through the purchase of all or part of a fee simple ownership or a more limited form of ownership, or all or part of a leasehold interest. Investment in an equity interest will give us a right to part or all of the cash flow and capital appreciation generated by the property after satisfaction of liens on the property. Liens usually include the payment of principal and interest on mortgage loans, real estate taxes and other assessments. We may also purchase limited partnership interests, limited liability company interests and other equity securities.

 

We will invest in real estate that our advisor believes is available for less than its estimated worth. During the period we hold real estate, we may develop or redevelop the property, make tenant improvements or make certain onsite and offsite improvements. We may be required to maintain the property, pay property taxes and carry insurance on the property. We may elect to finance or refinance some of our real estate holdings by borrowing against them on a nonrecourse basis. We intend to acquire both portfolios and individual properties on a geographically diverse basis.

 

Building classifications in most markets refer to Class “A”, “B”, “C” and sometimes “D” properties. Class “A”, “AA” and “AAA” properties are typically newer buildings with superior construction and finish in excellent locations with easy access, are attractive to creditworthy tenants and offer valuable amenities such as on-site management or covered parking. These buildings command the highest rental rates in their market. As the classification of a building decreases (e.g. Class “A” to Class “B”), one building attribute or another becomes less desirable. We expect that our commercial holdings will consist of retail (primarily multi-tenanted shopping centers), industrial and office properties and that our residential properties will be principally comprised of “Class B” multi-family complexes.

 

Asset Repositionings. We will attempt to identify and execute value-creation plans through a program of aggressive asset management. We will focus on opportunities characterized by properties that are under-performing relative to comparable assets due to inadequate management or unresolved conflicts among existing owners, lenders, tenants and managers. These situations often offer attractive risk-adjusted returns through recapitalization and the subsequent redevelopment or repositioning of the underlying real estate.

 

Money Market Investments

 

Pending the purchase of other permitted investments, or to provide the reserve described below, we will temporarily invest in one or more unaffiliated money market mutual funds or directly in certificates of deposit, commercial paper, interest-bearing government securities and other short-term instruments.

 

Reserve and Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Reserves

 

A portion of the proceeds of this offering will be reserved to meet working capital needs and contingencies associated with our operations. We will initially allocate not less than 0.5% of the proceeds of the offering to our working capital reserve to provide for our anticipated obligations, including the payment of property taxes, insurance, improvements and maintenance costs associated with real estate held by us, the exercise of warrants and the payment of our other expenses. In addition, we may hold cash in reserve in order to maintain liquidity to take advantage of investment opportunities. If reserves and any other available income become insufficient to

 

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cover our operating expenses and liabilities, it may be necessary to obtain additional funds by borrowing, refinancing properties or liquidating our investment in one or more properties.

 

We cannot assure you that we will attain any of our objectives. If we have not facilitated liquidity in our shares either through listing them for trading on a national stock exchange, including them for quotation on a stock exchange or on Nasdaq or providing liquidity by some other means, generally within seven to ten years after the net proceeds of this offering are fully invested, we will start selling our properties and other assets, either on a portfolio basis or individually, or engage in another transaction approved by the board of directors, market conditions permitting, unless the directors (including a majority of the independent directors) determine that, in light of our expected life at any given time, it is in the best interest of the stockholders to reinvest proceeds from property sales or refinancings. In making the decision to apply for listing of the shares or providing other forms of liquidity, the board of directors will try to determine whether listing the shares or liquidating will result in greater value for the stockholders. It cannot be determined at this time the circumstances, if any, under which the directors will agree to list the shares. Even if liquidity has not been facilitated, we are under no obligation to liquidate our portfolio within this period since the precise timing will depend on real estate and financial markets, economic conditions of the areas in which the properties are located and federal income tax effects on stockholders which may prevail in the future. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that we will be able to liquidate our portfolio and it should be noted that we will continue in existence until all properties are sold and our other assets are liquidated. Alternatively, as discussed above, we may merge with, or otherwise be acquired by, our sponsor or its affiliates. The independent directors shall review our investment policies at least annually, and with sufficient frequency to determine that such policies are in the best interests of our stockholders.

 

Our strategies for accomplishing these objectives are set forth below.

 

Acquisition Strategy

 

We intend to acquire residential and commercial properties. Our acquisitions may include both portfolios and individual properties. We expect that our commercial holdings will consist of retail (primarily multi-tenanted shopping centers), industrial and office properties and that our residential properties will be principally comprised of “Class B” multi-family complexes. Building classifications in most markets refer to Class “A”, “B”, “C” and sometimes “D” properties. Class “A”, “AA” and “AAA” properties are typically newer buildings with superior construction and finish in excellent locations with easy access, are attractive to creditworthy tenants and offer valuable amenities such as on-site management or covered parking. These buildings command the highest rental rates in their market. As the classification of a building decreases (e.g. Class “A” to Class “B”), one building attribute or another becomes less desirable.

 

We expect that we will acquire the following types of real estate interests:

 

    Fee interests in market-rate, middle market multifamily properties at a discount to replacement cost located either in emerging markets or near major metropolitan areas. We will attempt to identify those sub-markets with job growth opportunities and demand demographics which support potential long-term value appreciation for multifamily properties.

 

    Fee interests in well-located, multi-tenanted, community, power and lifestyle shopping centers and malls located in highly trafficked retail corridors, in selected high-barrier to entry markets and sub-markets. We will attempt to identify those sub-markets with constraints on the amount of additional property supply will make future competition less likely.

 

    Fee interests in improved, multi-tenanted, industrial properties located near major transportation arteries and distribution corridors with limited management responsibilities.

 

    Fee interests in improved, multi-tenanted, office properties located near major transportation arteries with limited management responsibilities.

 

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Financing Strategy

 

We intend to utilize leverage to acquire our properties. The number of different properties we will acquire will be affected by numerous factors, including, the amount of funds available to us. When interest rates on mortgage loans are high or financing is otherwise unavailable on terms that are satisfactory to us, we may purchase certain properties for cash with the intention of obtaining a mortgage loan for a portion of the purchase price at a later time. There is no limitation on the amount we may invest in any single property or on the amount we can borrow for the purchase of any property.

 

We intend to limit our aggregate long-term permanent borrowings to 75% of the aggregate fair market value of all properties unless any excess borrowing is approved by a majority of the independent directors and is disclosed to our stockholders. We may also incur short-term indebtedness, having a maturity of two years or less. By operating on a leveraged basis, we will have more funds available for investment in properties. This will allow us to make more investments than would otherwise be possible, resulting in a more diversified portfolio. Although our liability for the repayment of indebtedness is expected to be limited to the value of the property securing the liability and the rents or profits derived therefrom, our use of leveraging increases the risk of default on the mortgage payments and a resulting foreclosure of a particular property. To the extent that we do not obtain mortgage loans on our properties, our ability to acquire additional properties will be restricted. We will endeavor to obtain financing on the most favorable terms available. Lenders may have recourse to assets not securing the repayment of the indebtedness. Our sponsor may refinance properties during the term of a loan only in limited circumstances, such as when a decline in interest rates makes it beneficial to prepay an existing mortgage, when an existing mortgage matures or if an attractive investment becomes available and the proceeds from the refinancing can be used to purchase such investment. The benefits of the refinancing may include an increased cash flow resulting from reduced debt service requirements, an increase in distributions from proceeds of the refinancing, if any, and/or an increase in property ownership if some refinancing proceeds are reinvested in real estate.

 

Operations

 

Our property manager will manage and lease substantially all of the properties that we acquire with its existing management and leasing staff and where appropriate it may acquire and incorporate the existing management and leasing staffs of the portfolio properties we acquire.

 

Although we are not limited as to the geographic area where we may conduct our operations, we intend to invest in properties located near our sponsor’s existing operations to achieve economies of scale where possible. Our sponsor currently maintains operations in Alabama, California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia and Wisconsin, as well as Puerto Rico, where our sponsor owns two properties. The number and mix of properties we acquire will depend upon real estate and market conditions and other circumstances existing at the time we are acquiring our properties and the amount of proceeds we raise in this offering. We will consider relevant real estate property and financial factors, including the location of the property, its income-producing capacity, its suitability for any future development the prospects for long-range appreciation, its liquidity and income tax considerations. In this regard, our obligation to close the purchase of any investment will generally be conditioned upon the delivery and verification of certain documents from the seller or developer, including, where appropriate:

 

    leases, licenses and temporary tenants;

 

    plans and specifications;

 

    occupancy history;

 

    sales reports;

 

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    zoning analyses and future development potential;

 

    traffic flow, car count and parking studies;

 

    trends in area;

 

    tenant mix;

 

    environmental and engineering reports;

 

    projections, surveys and appraisals;

 

    evidence of marketable title subject to such liens and encumbrances as are acceptable to our advisor;

 

    audited financial statements covering recent operations of properties having operating histories unless such statements are not required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and delivered to our stockholders; and

 

    title and liability insurance policies.

 

We will not close the acquisition of any property unless and until we obtain an environmental assessment (generally a minimum of a Phase I review) for each property acquired and are generally satisfied with the environmental status of the property. In determining whether to purchase a particular property, we may, in accordance with customary practices, obtain an option on such property. The amount paid for an option, if any, is normally surrendered if the property is not purchased and is normally credited against the purchase price if the property is purchased. In acquiring, leasing and developing real estate properties, we will be subject to risks generally incident to the ownership of real estate, including:

 

    changes in general economic or local conditions;

 

    changes in supply of or demand for similar or competing properties in an area;

 

    bankruptcies, financial difficulties or lease defaults by our tenants;

 

    changes in interest rates and availability of permanent mortgage funds which may render the sale of a property difficult or unattractive;

 

    changes in tax, real estate, environmental and zoning laws;

 

    changes in the cost or availability of insurance, particularly after terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001;

 

    periods of high interest rates and tight money supply;

 

    tenant turnover; and

 

    general overbuilding or excess supply in the market area.

 

Distributions

 

Federal income tax law requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (excluding any net capital gains), although the board of directors, in its discretion, may increase that percentage as it deems appropriate. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation—Annual Distribution Requirements.” For a discussion of the tax treatment of distributions to you, see “Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

 

Distributions will be at the discretion of the board of directors and depends upon our distributable funds, current and projected cash requirements, tax considerations and other factors. While we intend to commence regular distributions within 60 days after an acquisition of a property, distributions might not commence for up to one year after a particular property acquisition. Our ability to pay distributions and the size of these distributions will depend upon a variety of factors. For example, our borrowing policy permits us to incur short-term

 

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indebtedness, having a maturity of two years or less, and we may have to borrow funds on a short-term basis to meet the distribution requirements that are necessary to achieve the tax benefits associated with qualifying as a REIT. We cannot assure that distributions will continue to be made or that we will maintain any particular level of distributions that we may establish.

 

We intend to make regular distributions to stockholders. Distributions will be made to those stockholders who are stockholders as of the record date selected by the directors. The board of directors currently intends to declare distributions on a quarterly basis using the last day of the quarter as the record date. In order for an investor to receive a distribution, they must be a stockholder of record as of the record date. Therefore, newly admitted investors, or investors redeeming or transferring shares, will not receive a distribution for a record date that they are not considered a stockholder of record. It is the intent of the board of directors to declare and pay distributions quarterly during the offering period and thereafter. However, the board of directors, in its sole discretion, may determine to declare and pay distributions on another basis. We will not pay distributions until such time as the close of the first full calendar quarter after the first release of funds from escrow. The interest, if any, earned on subscription proceeds before our first closing will be distributed to each subscriber within 30 days after the date a subscriber is admitted as a stockholder. After the initial admission of stockholders in connection with the sale of at least the minimum offering, no interest will be payable to subscribers.

 

Generally, income distributed will not be taxable to us under federal income tax laws if we comply with the provisions relating to electing taxation as a REIT. As we are required to distribute annually at least 90% of our real estate investment trust taxable income (excluding any net capital gains) to maintain our objective of being taxed as a REIT, we may be required to make distributions in excess of cash available. If the cash available to us is insufficient to pay such distributions, we may obtain the necessary funds by borrowing or selling assets. These methods of obtaining funds could affect future distributions by increasing operating costs. To the extent that distributions to stockholders exceed earnings and profits, such amounts constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes, although such distributions might not reduce stockholders’ aggregate invested capital. Distributions in kind will not be permitted, except for distributions of readily marketable securities; distributions of beneficial interests in a liquidating trust established for our dissolution and the liquidation of our assets in accordance with the terms of the charter; or distributions of in-kind property, as long as, with respect to in-kind property, the board of directors advises each stockholder of the risks associated with direct ownership of the property; offers each stockholder the election of receiving in-kind property distributions; and distributes in-kind property only to those stockholders who accept the directors’ offer.

 

Distributions will be made at the discretion of the directors, depending primarily on net cash from operations (which includes cash received from tenants, distributions from joint ventures, and interest income from borrowers under loans, less expenses paid) and our general financial condition, subject to the obligation of the directors to cause us to qualify and remain qualified as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. We intend to increase distributions in accordance with increases in net cash from operations, if any.

 

Property Acquisition Standards

 

We generally intend to acquire properties located near our sponsor’s existing operations (as set forth under “Investment Objectives and Policies—Operations” above) in order to achieve economies of scale where possible. We intend to analyze relevant demographic, economic and financial data. Specifically, we will consider the following factors, among others, in the process of evaluating and performing due diligence on a piece of real property:

 

    geographic location and type;

 

    barriers to entry which would limit competition;

 

    quality of tenants;

 

    construction quality, condition and design;

 

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    current and projected cash flow and the ability to increase cash flow;

 

    occupancy levels at the property and stability;

 

    potential for capital appreciation;

 

    lease rent roll, including the potential for rent increases;

 

    potential for economic growth in the tax and regulatory environment of the community in which the property is located;

 

    potential for expanding the physical layout of the property and/or the number of sites;

 

    occupancy and demand by tenants for properties of a similar type in the same geographic vicinity (the overall market and submarket);

 

    prospects for liquidity through sale, financing or refinancing of the property; and

 

    treatment under applicable federal, state and local tax and other laws and regulations.

 

Before purchasing a property, we will examine and evaluate the potential value of the site, the financial condition and business history of the property, the demographics of the area in which the property is located or to be located, the proposed purchase price, geographic and market diversification and potential sales.

 

Description of Leases

 

Commercial Leases

 

The terms and conditions of any lease we enter into with our commercial tenants may vary substantially from those we describe in this prospectus. However, we expect that some of our industrial leases may be economically what are generally referred to as “triple-net” leases. A “triple-net” lease typically provides that, in addition to making its lease payments, the tenant will be required to pay or reimburse us for all real estate taxes, sales and use taxes, special assessments, maintenance, utilities, insurance and building repairs, and other building operation and management costs. As landlord, we will probably have responsibility for certain capital repairs or replacement of specific structural components of a property such as the roof of the building, the truck court and parking areas, as well as the interior floor or slab of the building.

 

We intend to include provisions in our commercial leases that increase the amount of base rent payable at various points during the lease term. In addition, we intend for our commercial leases to provide for the payment of additional rent calculated as a percentage of a tenant’s gross sales above predetermined thresholds in most leases. We expect that the leases with most anchor tenants retail will generally have initial terms of 10 to 25 years, with one or more renewal options available to the tenant. By contrast, smaller commercial leases will typically have three- to ten-year terms.

 

Residential Leases

 

We expect that the majority of the leases at residential properties that we may acquire will be for a term of one or two years, which may enable us to seek increased rents upon renewal of existing leases or commencement of new leases. Such short-term leases generally minimize the risk to us of the adverse effects of inflation, although as a general rule these leases permit residents to leave at the end of the lease term without penalty.

 

Property Acquisition Structure

 

We anticipate acquiring fee interests in properties, although other methods of acquiring a property may be utilized if we deem it to be advantageous. For example, we may acquire properties through a joint venture or the acquisition of substantially all of the interests of an entity which in turn owns the real property. We may also use

 

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separate entities to acquire a property. Such entities will be formed solely for the purpose of acquiring a property or properties. See “—Acquisition Strategy” and “—Joint Ventures” in this section and “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation—Ownership of a Partnership Interest” and “—Ownership of a Qualified REIT Subsidiary.”

 

We may finance our property acquisitions through a variety of means, including but not limited to individual non-recourse mortgages and through the exchange of an interest in the property for limited partnership units of our operating partnership, Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP.

 

Our advisor and its affiliates may purchase properties in their own name, assume loans in connection with the purchase or loan and temporarily hold title to the properties for the purpose of facilitating acquisition or financing by us, the completion of rehabilitation of the property or any other purpose related to our business.

 

Under our charter, we may purchase property from our affiliates only if: (i) a majority of the directors (including a majority of the independent directors) who otherwise are not interested in the transaction approve the transaction as being fair and reasonable to us; and (ii) the property is purchased by us for a price no greater than the cost to the affiliate (provided, however, that the price may be greater than the cost to the affiliate, but in no event more than the appraised value, if substantial justification exists for such excess and such excess is reasonable). In no event will the cost of such property to us exceed its appraised value.

 

Borrowing

 

We plan to use leverage in the form of borrowings secured by our properties. The aggregate amount of long-term permanent borrowings secured by all of our properties will not exceed 75% of their combined fair market value in the absence of a satisfactory showing that a higher level is appropriate, the approval of our board of directors and disclosure to stockholders. We may also incur short-term indebtedness, having a maturity of two years or less. In addition, our charter provides that the aggregate amount of borrowing, both secured and unsecured, may not exceed 300% of net assets in the absence of a satisfactory showing that a higher level is appropriate, the approval of our board of directors and disclosure to stockholders. Net assets means our total assets, other than intangibles, at cost before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves less our total liabilities, calculated at least quarterly on a basis consistently applied. Any excess in borrowing over such 300% of net assets level must be approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to our stockholders in our next quarterly report to stockholders, along with justification for such excess. In addition, our charter prohibits us from making or investing in mortgage loans, including construction loans, on any one property if the aggregate amount of all mortgage loans outstanding on the property, including our loans, would exceed 85% of the property’s appraised value, unless substantial justification exists and the loans would not exceed the property’s appraised value. The proceeds from such borrowings will generally be used to acquire additional properties or to finance improvements to existing properties.

 

Borrowings may consist of single-property mortgages as well as mortgages cross-collateralized by a pool of properties. Such mortgages may be put in place either at the time we acquire a property or subsequent to our purchasing a property for cash. In addition, we may acquire properties that are subject to existing indebtedness where we choose to assume the existing mortgages. Generally, though not exclusively, we intend to seek to encumber our properties with debt which will be on a non-recourse basis. This means that a lender’s rights on default will generally be limited to foreclosing on the property. However, we may, at our discretion, secure recourse financing or provide a guarantee to lenders if we believe this may result in more favorable terms. When we give a guaranty for a property owning entity, we will be responsible to the lender for the satisfaction of the indebtedness if it is not paid by the property owning entity. We also intend to obtain level payment financing, meaning that the amount of debt service payable would be substantially the same each year. Accordingly, we expect that some of the mortgages on our property will provide for fixed interest rates. However, we expect that most of the mortgages on our properties will provide for a so-called “balloon” payment and that certain of our mortgages will provide for variable interest rates. Any mortgages secured by a property will comply with the restrictions set forth by the Commissioner of Corporations of the State of California.

 

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We may also obtain lines of credit to be used to acquire properties. These lines of credit will be at prevailing market terms and will be repaid from offering proceeds, proceeds from the sale or refinancing of properties, working capital or permanent financing. Our sponsor or its affiliates may guarantee the lines of credit although they will not be obligated to do so. We may draw upon the lines of credit to acquire properties pending our receipt of proceeds from our initial public offering. We expect that such properties may be purchased by our sponsor’s affiliates on our behalf, in our name, in order to avoid the imposition of a transfer tax upon a transfer of such properties to us.

 

Sale or Disposition of Properties

 

Our board of directors will determine whether a particular property should be sold or otherwise disposed of after considering the relevant factors, including performance or projected performance of the property and market conditions, with a view toward achieving our principal investment objectives.

 

We currently intend to hold our properties for a minimum of seven to ten years prior to selling them. After seven to ten years, our board of directors may decide to liquidate us, list our shares on a national stock exchange or include them for quotation on a national market system (in each case if we meet the applicable listing requirements), sell our properties individually or merge or otherwise consolidate us with a publicly-traded REIT. Alternatively, as discussed above, we may merge with, or otherwise be acquired by, our sponsor or its affiliates. We may, however, sell properties prior to such time and if so, we may invest the proceeds from any sale, financing, refinancing or other disposition of our properties into additional properties. Alternatively, we may use these proceeds to fund maintenance or repair of existing properties or to increase reserves for such purposes. We may choose to reinvest the proceeds from the sale, financing and refinancing of our properties to increase our real estate assets and our net income. Notwithstanding this policy, the board of directors, in its discretion, may distribute all or part of the proceeds from the sale, financing, refinancing or other disposition of all or any of our properties to our stockholders. In determining whether to distribute these proceeds to stockholders, the board of directors will consider, among other factors, the desirability of properties available for purchase, real estate market conditions, the likelihood of the listing of our shares on a national securities exchange or including the shares for quotation on a national market system and compliance with the applicable requirements under federal income tax laws.

 

When we sell a property, we intend to obtain an all-cash sale price. However, we may take a purchase money obligation secured by a mortgage on the property as partial payment, and there are no limitations or restrictions on our ability to take such purchase money obligations. The terms of payment to us will be affected by custom in the area in which the property being sold is located and the then prevailing economic conditions. If we receive notes and other property instead of cash from sales, these proceeds, other than any interest payable on these proceeds, will not be available for distributions until and to the extent the notes or other property are actually paid, sold, refinanced or otherwise disposed. Therefore, the distribution of the proceeds of a sale to the stockholders may be delayed until that time. In these cases, we will receive payments in cash and other property in the year of sale in an amount less than the selling price and subsequent payments will be spread over a number of years. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

 

Loans

 

Our loan policies are subject to the restrictions contained in our charter and bylaws.

 

We will not make loans to persons or entities other than our subsidiaries, to which we will make capital contributions and may make loans as a means of providing those entities with sufficient capital to acquire single assets. For a description of the single-purpose entities that we intend to maintain as subsidiaries for the purpose of operating the properties that we purchase, see “How We Operate.”

 

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Change in Investment Objectives and Policies

 

Our stockholders have no voting rights to implement our investment objectives and policies. Our board of directors has the responsibility for our investment objectives and policies. Our board of directors may not, however, make any material changes regarding the restrictions on investments set forth in our charter without amending the charter. Any such amendment to our charter requires the affirmative vote of a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock. See “Summary of the Organizational Documents—Restrictions on Investments.”

 

Investment Limitations

 

We will not:

 

    invest more than 10% of our total assets in unimproved real property (and will only invest in unimproved real property intended to be developed) or in mortgage loans on unimproved real property;

 

    invest in commodities or commodity future contracts;

 

    issue redeemable shares of common stock;

 

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    invest in or make mortgage loans unless an appraisal of an independent expert is obtained concerning the underlying property, except where the loan is insured or guaranteed by a government or government agency;

 

    issue shares on a deferred payment basis or other similar arrangement;

 

    operate in such a manner as to be classified as an “investment company” for purposes of the Investment Company Act. See “Summary of the Organizational Documents—Restrictions on Investments” for additional investment limitations; or

 

    issue debt securities unless the historical debt service coverage in the most recently completed fiscal year, as adjusted for known charges, is sufficient to properly service that higher level of debt.

 

We do not engage in hedging or similar activities for speculative purposes.

 

We have no plans to invest any proceeds from this offering, or other funds, in the securities of other issuers for the purpose of exercising control over such other issuers. We do not intend to engage in the purchase and sale (or turnover) of properties.

 

We intend to invest in a manner so that we are not considered an “investment company” as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940. See “—Regulatory Aspects of Our Investment Strategy.”

 

Appraisals

 

To the extent we invest in properties, a majority of the directors will approve the consideration paid for such properties based on the fair market value of the properties. If a majority of independent directors so determines, or if an asset is acquired from our advisor, one or more of our directors, our sponsor or any of their affiliates, the fair market value will be determined by a qualified independent real estate appraiser selected by the independent directors. In addition, the advisor may purchase on our account, without the prior approval of the board of directors, properties whose purchase price is less than $15,000,000, if the following conditions are satisfied:

 

    The investment in the property would not, if consummated, violate our investment guidelines;

 

    The investment in the property would not, if consummated, violate any restrictions on indebtedness; and

 

    The consideration to be paid for such properties does not exceed the fair market value of such properties, as determined by a qualified independent real estate appraiser selected by the advisor and acceptable to the independent directors.

 

Appraisals are estimates of value and should not be relied on as measures of true worth or realizable value. We will maintain the appraisal in our records for at least five years, and copies of each appraisal will be available for review by stockholders upon their request.

 

Return of Uninvested Proceeds

 

All subscription payments will be deposited in an escrow account. If at least 1,000,000 shares are not sold within one year from the original effective date of this prospectus, all funds received from subscribers in connection with this offering will be promptly returned to them, together with any interest earned on the funds. If we achieve the minimum offering, we will return any interest earned on subscription payments prior to achieving the minimum offering and completing our initial issuance of shares to subscribers. In addition, any of the proceeds of this offering allocable to investments in real property which are not invested in real property or committed for investment prior to the earlier of 36 months from the original effective date of this prospectus or 24 months from the termination of the offering will be distributed to the stockholders without interest. All funds we receive out of the escrow account (except for interest payable to you under the circumstances described above) will be available for our general use from the time we receive them until expiration of the period discussed in the prior sentence. In addition to using these funds for investments in real property, we may use these funds to:

 

    fund expenses incurred to operate the properties which have been acquired;

 

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    reimburse the advisor for our expenses, to the extent allowable under the advisory agreement;

 

    pay the advisor its compensation under the advisory agreement; and

 

    pay the property manager its property management fee under the management agreement.

 

See “Estimated Use of Proceeds” and “Plan of Distribution—Escrow Conditions.” We will not segregate these funds separate from our other funds pending investment, and interest will be payable to the stockholders if uninvested funds are returned to them.

 

Liquidation, Listing, Sale of Properties or Merger

 

We anticipate that within seven to ten years after the net proceeds of this offering are fully invested, our board of directors will determine whether to:

 

    apply to have our shares of common stock listed for trading on a national securities exchange or included for quotation on a national market system, provided we meet the then applicable listing requirements;

 

    sell our assets individually or otherwise;

 

    list our shares of common stock at a future date;

 

    commence the liquidation of our assets by a specified date; or

 

    merge or otherwise consolidate us with a publicly traded REIT.

 

Many REITs that are listed on a national stock exchange or included for quotation on a national market system are considered “self-administered,” since the employees of such a REIT perform all significant management functions. In contrast, REITs that are not self-administered, like us, typically engage a third party, such as our advisor and property manager, to perform management functions on its behalf. If for any reason our independent directors determine that we should become self-administered, the advisory agreement and the property management agreement each permit us to acquire the business conducted by the advisor and the property manager (including all of its assets). See “Conflicts of Interest.”

 

If our shares of common stock are listed for trading on a national securities exchange or included for quotation on a national market system, we will acquire our advisor and property manager in exchange for our shares and become self-administered. As the parent of our advisor and thus the recipient of such sales proceeds, our sponsor has an incentive to direct the advisor to effect such listing or quotation. “See Management—Our Advisory Agreement—Potential acquisition of advisor and property manager.”

 

Alternatively, if we have not facilitated liquidity in our shares within seven to ten years after the net proceeds of this offering are fully invested, we may merge with, or otherwise be acquired by, our sponsor or its affiliates. We expect that in connection with such merger or acquisition transaction, our stockholders would receive cash or shares of a publicly traded company. The terms of such transaction must be approved by a special committee of our board of directors which will consist of our independent directors. Such merger or acquisition transaction would also require the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock. To assist with this process, the special committee will retain a recognized financial advisor or institution providing valuation services serve as its financial advisor. The financial advisor will be required to render an opinion to the special committee with respect to the fairness to our stockholders from a financial point of view of the consideration to be paid in the merger or acquisition transaction.

 

Joint Ventures and Preferred Equity Investments

 

We may enter into joint ventures in the future with affiliated entities for the acquisition, development or improvement of properties for the purpose of diversifying our portfolio of assets. We may also enter into joint

 

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ventures, general partnerships, co-tenancies and other participations with real estate developers, owners and others for the purpose of developing, owning and operating real properties (“preferred equity investments”). In determining whether to invest in a particular joint venture, we will evaluate the real property which such joint venture owns or is being formed to own under the same criteria described elsewhere in this prospectus for the selection of our real estate property investments. We will not enter into a joint venture to make an investment that we would not be permitted to make on our own. In connection with such a joint investment, both we and our affiliates would be required to approve any material decisions concerning the investment, including refinancing and capital improvements. We may enter into joint ventures with our affiliates for the acquisition of properties, but we may only do so provided that:

 

    a majority of our directors, including a majority of the independent directors, approve the transaction as being fair and reasonable to us; and

 

    the investment by us and the investment by our affiliate are on substantially the same terms and conditions.

 

We expect to participate in preferred equity investments by acquiring limited partnership interests in partnerships or limited liability companies owning properties that are consistent with our investment objectives. The general partner or managing member of each such entity will generally be the developer of the property or an affiliate of the developer. Each such entity will be governed by a limited partnership agreement or, as applicable, an operating agreement, the terms of which will be negotiated between us and the general partner. Since the terms of these agreements have been or will be negotiated separately with each respective general partner it is not possible at this time to describe these agreements.

 

Other Policies

 

Before we purchase a particular property, we may obtain an option to purchase the property. The amount paid for the option, if any, usually would be surrendered if the property was not purchased and normally would be credited against the purchase price if the property was purchased. See “Real Property Investments—General” for a detailed description of the types of properties we may invest in.

 

We intend to hold all funds, pending investment in properties, in assets which will allow us to continue to qualify as a REIT. These investments will be highly liquid and provide for appropriate safety of principal, such as cash, cash items and government securities. Cash items include cash on hand, cash deposited in time and demand accounts with financial institutions, receivables which arise in our ordinary course of operation and certificates of deposit. Generally, government securities are any securities issued or guaranteed as to principal or interest by the United States federal government. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation—REIT Qualification Tests.”

 

We will not make distributions-in-kind, except for:

 

    distributions of readily marketable securities;

 

    distributions of beneficial interests in a liquidating trust established for our dissolution and the liquidation of our assets in accordance with the terms of our charter; or

 

    distributions of in-kind property which meet all of the following conditions:

 

    our board of directors advises each stockholder of the risks associated with direct ownership of the in-kind property; and

 

    our board of directors offers each stockholder the election of receiving in-kind property distributions and we distribute in-kind property only to those stockholders who accept the directors’ offer.

 

Although our charter and bylaws do not prohibit the following, we have no current plans to:

 

    underwrite the securities of other issuers;

 

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    invest in real estate mortgages; or

 

    invest the proceeds of the offering, other than on a temporary basis, in non-real estate related investments.

 

We may change our current plans, without stockholder approval, if our board of directors determines that it would be in the best interests of our stockholders to engage in any such transactions.

 

Although we are authorized to issue senior securities, we have no current plans to do so. See “Description of Securities—Preferred Stock,” “—Issuance of Additional Securities and Debt Instruments,” and “—Restrictions on Issuance of Securities.”

 

Regulatory Aspects of Our Investment Strategy

 

We do not believe that we or our operating partnership will be considered an “investment company” as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940 because we do not intend to engage in the types of business that characterize an investment company under that law. Investments in real estate will represent the substantial majority of our business, which would not subject us to investment company status. We intend to invest only in fee or leasehold interests in real estate. Fee interests in real estate are considered “qualifying assets” for purposes of Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act and leasehold interests in real estate may be considered “qualifying assets” for purposes of Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act. We do not intend to invest in mezzanine loans, subordinate interests in whole loans (B Notes), distressed debt, preferred equity or multi-class (first loss) mortgage-back securities. Investments in such assets may not be deemed “qualifying assets” for purposes of Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act and, as a result, any such investments may have to be limited.

 

If we fail to maintain an exemption or exclusion from registration as an investment company, we could, among other things, be required either (a) to substantially change the manner in which we conduct our operations to avoid being required to register as an investment company, or (b) to register as an investment company, either of which could have an adverse effect on us and the market price of our common stock. If we were required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we would become subject to substantial regulation with respect to our capital structure (including our ability to use leverage), management, operations, transactions with affiliated persons (as defined in the Investment Company Act), portfolio composition, including restrictions with respect to diversification and industry concentration and other matters.

 

We intend to monitor our compliance with the exemptions under the Investment Company Act on an ongoing basis.

 

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REAL PROPERTY INVESTMENTS

 

General

 

We intend to acquire a portfolio of residential and commercial properties, principally in the continental United States and possibly in Puerto Rico, where our sponsor owns two properties. We expect that our commercial holdings will consist of retail (primarily multi-tenanted shopping centers), industrial and office properties and that our residential properties will be principally comprised of “Class B” multi-family complexes. For a definition of “Class B” properties, see “Investment Objectives and Policies—Real Estate Investments.” We do not intend to invest in:

 

    single family residential properties;

 

    hotels or motels;

 

    leisure home sites;

 

    farms;

 

    ranches;

 

    timberlands;

 

    unimproved properties not intended to be developed; or

 

    mining properties.

 

See “Investment Objectives and Policies” generally pertaining to our policies relating to the maintenance, operation and disposition of our properties.

 

Insurance Coverage on Properties

 

We will carry comprehensive general liability coverage and umbrella liability coverage on all of our properties with limits of liability which we deem adequate to insure against liability claims and provide for the costs of defense. Similarly, we are insured against the risk of direct physical damage in amounts we estimate to be adequate to reimburse us on a replacement cost basis for costs incurred to repair or rebuild each property, including loss of rental income during the rehabilitation period. We intend to obtain earthquake, mold and terrorism coverage, if deemed necessary, if such coverage is available in the marketplace at terms and costs which are commercially reasonable. These coverages are currently excluded by insurance companies in standard policies. Some, but not all insurance companies, may be willing to make this coverage available for a significantly increased premium. To the extent we decide to obtain such coverage or are required to do so in connection with financings, it could increase our cost of operations.

 

Environmental Matters

 

Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of real estate may be required to investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum product releases at such property, and may be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred by such parties in connection with the contamination. Such laws typically impose clean-up responsibility and liability without regard to whether the owner knew of or caused the presence of the contaminants, and the liability under such laws has been interpreted to be joint and several unless the harm is divisible and there is a reasonable basis for allocation of responsibility. The cost of investigation, remediation or removal of such substances may be substantial, and the presence of such substances, or the failure to properly remediate the contamination on such property, may adversely affect the owner’s ability to sell or rent such property or to borrow using such property as collateral. Persons who arrange for the disposal or treatment of hazardous or toxic substances at a disposal or treatment facility also may

 

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be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of a release of hazardous or toxic substances at such disposal or treatment facility, whether or not such facility is owned or operated by such person. Liability for the cost of remediating releases of toxic or hazardous substances or petroleum products may adversely affect our cash flow available for distribution. Such liabilities may not be dischargeable in bankruptcy and may under some environmental laws result in a lien on the contaminated site in favor of the government for damages and costs it incurs in connection with the contamination. Finally, the owner of a site may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from a site. Statutes of limitations applicable to liabilities arising from releases of hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products generally are not based on the time of disposal. In connection with our acquisition, ownership and operation of residential properties we may be potentially liable for such costs. Although we may require the seller of a property to provide a current Phase I environmental report and, if necessary, a Phase II environmental report, and we may also choose to obtain these reports ourselves, it is possible that our assessments do not reveal all environmental liabilities or that there are material environmental liabilities.

 

Regulatory Matters

 

Our properties may be subject to various laws, ordinances and regulations, including regulations relating to recreational facilities such as swimming pools, activity centers and other common areas. Prior to acquiring a property, we will ascertain whether such property has the necessary permits and approvals to operate its business.

 

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CAPITALIZATION

 

The following table sets forth our historical capitalization as of March 11, 2005 and our pro forma capitalization as of that date as adjusted to give effect to (i) the sale of the minimum offering as if 1,000,000 shares were sold, (ii) the sale of the maximum offering as if 30,000,000 shares were sold, and the application of the estimated net proceeds from such sales as described in “Estimated Use of Proceeds.” The information set forth in the following table should be read in conjunction with our historical financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and the discussion set forth in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Our Financial Condition—Liquidity” and “—Capital Resources.”

 

     March 11, 2005
HISTORICAL


   Minimum
Offering


   Maximum
Offering


MINORITY INTEREST IN PARTNERSHIP

   $ 2,000    $ 2,000    $ 2,000

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (1) :

                    

Preferred Stock, $.01 par value, 10,000,000 authorized, none outstanding

     —        —        —  

Common Stock, $.01 par value, 60,000,000 authorized, 20,000 shares (2) issued and outstanding historical

     200      200      200
       199,800      9,999,800      299,999,800
    

  

  

Paid-in Capital

                    

Total stockholders’ equity

     200,000      10,000,000      300,000,000
    

  

  

Total capitalization

   $ 202,000    $ 10,002,000    $ 300,002,000
    

  

  


(1) Does not include up to 600,000 shares of common stock that could be obtained through the exercise of soliciting dealer warrants when and if issued, 200 shares of common stock reserved for issuance on exchange of 200 outstanding limited partnership units of the operating partnership, up to 4,000,000 shares of common stock available pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan or 75,000 shares of common stock that are reserved for issuance under our stock option plan. In addition, does not include the special general partner interests that our sponsor will receive from Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, our operating partnership, in exchange for agreeing to pay for all organization and offering expenses of this offering, including dealer manager fees and selling commissions.
(2) We were originally capitalized in 2004 through the cash contribution of $200,000 by our advisor, for which our advisor received 20,000 shares of common stock, and through the capital contribution of $2,000 by the advisor to the operating partnership, for which our advisor received 200 limited partnership units of the operating partnership.

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF OUR FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION

 

Forward-looking statements are those that are not historical in nature. They can often be identified by their inclusion of words such as “will,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “should,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend” and similar expressions. Any projection of revenues, earnings or losses, capital expenditures, distributions, capital structure or other financial terms is a forward-looking statement.

 

Our forward-looking statements are based upon our management’s beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future operations and economic performance, taking into account the information currently available to us. Some statements contained in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Our Financial Condition and Results of Operation” and elsewhere in this prospectus constitute forward-looking statements that involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These factors include, among other things:

 

    our limited operating history and our advisor’s lack of experience in managing a REIT;

 

    your inability to review the assets that we will acquire with the net proceeds of this offering;

 

    changes in interest rates;

 

    potential impacts of our leveraging policies on our net income and cash available for distribution;

 

    risks associated with borrowings secured by our properties;

 

    competition for tenants and customers;

 

    federal, state or local regulations;

 

    adverse changes in general economic or local conditions;

 

    competition for property acquisitions with third parties that have greater financial resources than ours;

 

    inability of lessees to meet financial obligations;

 

    uninsured losses;

 

    risks of failing to maintain our qualification as a REIT; and

 

    potential conflicts of interest between ourselves and our affiliates, including the advisor.

 

You should read the following discussion along with our financial statements and the related notes included in this prospectus.

 

Overview

 

We were incorporated on June 8, 2004 and have no significant operations to date. In addition, we currently own no properties. We intend to elect taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code.

 

The proceeds of this offering and the cash flow generated from properties we will acquire and any short term investments will be our principal source of liquidity. In addition, we may borrow funds, subject to the approval of our board of directors.

 

Liquidity

 

The net proceeds of this offering will provide funds to enable us to purchase properties. It will be our policy to incur indebtedness to acquire properties, though we may pay the purchase price of each property in cash or for shares of common stock, limited partnership units, interests, or a combination thereof. We may also selectively

 

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encumber all or certain properties, if favorable financing terms are available, following acquisition. We may incur junior mortgage debt as well. The proceeds from such loans shall be used to acquire additional properties to increase cash flow and provide further diversity. In the event that this offering is not fully sold, our ability to diversify its investments may be diminished. Our advisor expects that the cash to be generated from operations of properties that we may acquire if we achieve the minimum offering will be adequate to pay total operating expenses and provide distributions to you as stockholders.

 

Our management will monitor the various qualification tests that we must meet to maintain our status as a REIT. Large share ownership is tested upon purchase to determine that no more than 50% in value of the outstanding shares is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer persons or entities at any time. Our management also determines, on a quarterly basis, that the gross income, asset and distribution tests as described in the section of this prospectus entitled “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of the Company—REIT Qualification Tests” are met. On an ongoing basis, as due diligence is performed by both our management and the advisor’s management on potential purchases of properties or temporary investment of uninvested capital, management of both entities will determine that the income from the new asset will qualify for REIT purposes. We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT beginning in our first taxable year.

 

Upon completion of the offering, we anticipate that our principal liquidity requirements will be to purchase properties and other permitted investments, to pay acquisition expenses, to pay our REIT operating fees and expenses, to make distributions to our stockholders and to establish a working capital reserve of at least 0.5% of the proceeds of this offering. We also may be required to make expenditures with respect to the refurbishing of properties and with respect to improvements and repairs at acquired properties. We will satisfy our liquidity requirements relating to the offering and organization with the proceeds from the sale of a special general partner interests in our operating partnership to our sponsor or an affiliate. We may also use a portion of the proceeds of this offering, especially in the early stages of our operations, to make expenditures with respect to the opening of properties.

 

We anticipate that our REIT operating fees and expenses will be paid out of cash flow from our operations. Once we begin the offering and acquire properties, we anticipate that our cash flow from operations and the offering will be adequate to cover our operating expenses and to permit us to meet our anticipated short-term liquidity requirements, including distribution requirements. Mortgages that we take on our properties, meanwhile, should be sufficient to satisfy our anticipated long-term liquidity requirements.

 

As REITs are required to distribute substantially all of their taxable income annually, there may be distributions that include a return of capital. Taxable income is less than operating cash flow due to non-cash expenses such as depreciation. Inflation may increase our operating costs, including our costs on bank borrowings, if any. Because we must distribute at least 90% of our taxable income, excluding net capital gains, to our stockholders to elect to be taxed as a REIT, our ability to use income or cash flow from operations to finance our growth and acquisition activities may be limited. As of the date of this prospectus, we have no material commitments for capital expenditures.

 

Under the advisory agreement, we will pay our advisor an acquisition fee representing 2.75% of the gross contract purchase price (including any mortgage assumed) of the property purchased. Additionally, we will reimburse our advisor for expenses that it incurs in connection with the purchase of a property. We anticipate that acquisition expenses will be between 1% and 1.5% of a property’s purchase price. Acquisition fees and expenses are capped at 5% of the gross contract purchase price of a property. Our advisor will also be paid an advisor asset management fee of 0.55% of our average invested assets and we will reimburse some expenses of the advisor. The actual amounts of these fees and reimbursements depend upon results of operations and, therefore, cannot be determined at the present time.

 

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Results of Operations

 

Our advisor is not aware of any known trends or uncertainties, other than national economic conditions, which have had or which may be reasonably expected to have a material impact, favorable or unfavorable, on revenues or income from the acquisition and operation of real properties other than those referred to herein.

 

Capital Resources

 

As of the date of this prospectus, we have not identified any properties in which to invest. The number of properties to be acquired will depend upon the amount of the net proceeds of this offering. The advisor is not aware of any material trends, favorable or unfavorable, in either capital resources or the outlook for long-term cash generation, nor does it expect any material changes in the availability and relative cost of such capital resources, other than as referred to herein.

 

We will sell a share of the special general partner interests of our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor, and use the proceeds to pay all costs and expenses of this offering (including organizational expenses, broker dealer fees and selling commissions). Accordingly, unlike other REITs, which do not have a public trading market and typically invest between 85% and 90% of gross offering proceeds toward the purchase of property, we expect up to all of the gross proceeds of this offering will be available for the purchase of properties, the payment of fees and expenses associated with such properties and the establishment of reserves.

 

As of the date of this prospectus, no subscriptions for shares have been received from the public. The only funds received to date are from the contribution by our sponsor on behalf of our advisor of $200,000 for 20,000 shares and our advisor’s contribution of $2,000 to the operating partnership for 200 limited partnership units in the operating partnership.

 

Impact of Accounting Principles

 

Our accounting policies have been established and conform with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, which we sometimes refer to as “GAAP.” The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to use judgment in the application of accounting policies, including making estimates and assumptions. These judgments affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. If our judgment or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to various transactions had been different, it is possible that different accounting policies would have been applied; thus, resulting in a different presentation of our financial statements. Below is a discussion of the accounting policies that we consider to be critical in that they may require complex judgment in their application or require estimates about matters which are inherently uncertain.

 

Straight-Lined Rental Revenues

 

We will recognize rental income generated from all leases on real estate assets in which we have an ownership interest, either directly or through investments in joint ventures, on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. If a tenant was to encounter financial difficulties in future periods, the amount recorded as a receivable may not be realized.

 

Operating Cost Reimbursements

 

We will generally bill tenants for operating cost reimbursements, either directly or through investments in joint ventures, on a monthly basis at amounts estimated largely based on actual prior period activity and the respective lease terms. Such billings are generally adjusted on an annual basis to reflect reimbursements owed to the landlord based on the actual costs incurred during the period and the respective lease terms. Financial difficulties encountered by tenants may result in receivables not being realized.

 

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Real Estate

 

We will continually monitor events and changes in circumstances indicating that the carrying amounts of the real estate assets in which we have an ownership interest, either directly or through investments in joint ventures, may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances are present, we assess the potential impairment by comparing the fair market value of the asset, estimated at an amount equal to the future undiscounted operating cash flows expected to be generated from tenants over the life of the asset and from its eventual disposition, to the carrying value of the asset. In the event that the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair market value, we would recognize an impairment loss in the amount required to adjust the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated fair market value.

 

Deferred Offering Costs

 

Our advisor expects to fund 100% of our organization and offering costs and to recognize related expenses, to the extent that such costs exceed 2% of cumulative capital raised, on our behalf, or alternatively, to recognize 100% of these costs as expense if at least 1,000,000 shares are not sold within one year from the original effective date of this prospectus. Organization and offering costs include items such as legal and accounting fees, promotional costs and printing costs, and specifically exclude sales costs and underwriting commissions. We will not record offering costs until we achieve the minimum offering of 1,000,000 shares, at which time we will reimburse our advisor the lesser of actual costs incurred, or 2% of the cumulative capital raised to date, and will recognize a charge to stockholders’ equity.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

 

We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Maryland. Your rights are governed by Maryland law, our charter and our bylaws. The following summary of the terms of our stock is only a summary and you should refer to our charter and bylaws for a full description. Copies of our charter and bylaws are filed as part of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

 

Authorized Stock

 

Our charter provides that we may issue up to 60,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of March 11, 2005, we had 20,000 shares of common stock outstanding and no preferred stock outstanding.

 

Our charter contains a provision permitting our board of directors, without any action by the stockholders, to amend the charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of common stock or preferred stock that we are authorized to issue and to change the aggregate number of shares, change the number of shares of any class or series of stock we have the authority to issue, and classify or reclassify any unissued common stock or preferred stock into one or more classes or series by setting or changing the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of such stock.

 

We believe that the power of the board of directors to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of common stock or preferred stock and thereafter to cause us to issue such classified or reclassified shares of stock will provide us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. The additional common stock or preferred stock will generally be available for issuance without further action by our stockholders.

 

Common Stock

 

All of the common stock we are offering will be duly authorized, fully paid and nonassessable. Subject to the preferential rights of any other class or series of stock and to the provisions of our charter regarding the restriction on the ownership and transfer of shares of our stock, holders of our common stock will be entitled to receive distributions if authorized by our board of directors and to share ratably in our assets available for distribution to the stockholders in the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up.

 

Each outstanding share of our common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors. There is no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which means that the holders of a majority of the outstanding common stock can elect all of the directors then standing for election, and the holders of the remaining common stock will not be able to elect any directors.

 

Holders of our common stock have no conversion, sinking fund, redemption or exchange rights, and have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities. Maryland law provides that a stockholder has appraisal rights in connection with some transactions. However, our charter provides that the holders of our stock do not have appraisal rights unless a majority of the board of directors determines that such rights shall apply. Shares of our common stock have equal dividend, distribution, liquidation and other rights.

 

Under our charter, we cannot make some material changes to our business form or operations without the approval of stockholders holding at least a majority of the shares of our stock entitled to vote on the matter. These include (1) amendment of our charter, (2) our liquidation or dissolution, (3) our reorganization, and (4) our merger, consolidation or the sale or other disposition of our assets. Share exchanges in which we are the acquirer, however, do not require stockholder approval.

 

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Our Bylaws provide that the election of directors requires a majority of all the votes present at a meeting of our stockholders at which a quorum is present. Our charter provides that the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of our outstanding common stock may remove any director with or without cause.

 

Our registrar and transfer agent will be Gemisys Corporation.

 

Soliciting Dealer Warrants

 

We will award to the dealer manager one soliciting dealer warrant for every 50 shares sold to the public or issued to stockholders pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan during the offering period. The dealer manager intends to reallow these warrants to participating dealers by awarding one soliciting dealer warrant for every 50 shares sold during the offering period, unless such issuance of soliciting dealer warrants is prohibited by either federal or state securities laws. The holder of a soliciting dealer warrant will be entitled to purchase one share from the Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. at a price of $12 per share during the period beginning on the first anniversary of the effective date of this offering and ending five years after the effective date of this offering. Pursuant to the Warrant Purchase Agreement, a soliciting dealer warrant may not be transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated for a period of 180 days following the effective date of this offering except to: (i) one or more persons, each of whom on the date of transfer is a bona fide officer or partner of the warrantholder or its successor, as provided in clause (iv); (ii) a partnership or partnerships, all of the partners of which are a warrantholder and one or more persons, each of whom on the date of transfer is a “principal” of a warrantholder or a its successor; (iii) broker-dealer firms which have executed, and are not then in default of, a Soliciting Dealers Agreement and one or more persons, each of whom on the date of transfer is a principal of a member of the selling group or a principal of a successor to a member of the selling group; (iv) a successor to a warrantholder through merger or consolidation; (v) a purchaser of all or substantially all of a warrantholder’s assets; or by (vi) will, pursuant to the laws of descent and distribution. Despite these exceptions, from one year after the effective date of the offering, a transfer may be made to a third party solely for the purpose of immediate exercise of the soliciting dealer warrant and sale of the underlying shares by such third party. The shares issuable upon exercise of the soliciting dealer warrants are being registered as part of this offering. For the life of the soliciting dealer warrants, participating dealers are given the opportunity to profit from a rise in the market price for the common stock without assuming the risk of ownership, with a resulting dilution in the interest of other stockholders upon exercise of such warrants. In addition, holders of the soliciting dealer warrants would be expected to exercise such warrants at a time when we could obtain needed capital by offering new securities on terms more favorable than those provided by the soliciting dealer warrants. Exercise of the soliciting dealer warrants is governed by the terms and conditions detailed in this prospectus and in the Warrant Purchase Agreement, which is an exhibit to the registration statement.

 

Preferred Stock

 

Shares of preferred stock may be issued in the future in one or more series as authorized by our board of directors. Prior to the issuance of shares of any series, the board of directors is required by our charter to fix the number of shares to be included in each series and the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each series. Because our board of directors has the power to establish the preferences, powers and rights of each series of preferred stock, it may provide the holders of any series of preferred stock with preferences, powers and rights, voting or otherwise, senior to the rights of holders of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock.

 

Issuance of Additional Securities and Debt Instruments

 

Our directors are authorized to issue additional stock or other convertible securities for cash, property or other consideration on such terms as they may deem advisable. Subject to restrictions in our charter, our directors

 

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may cause us to issue debt obligations on such terms and conditions as they may determine, including debt with the right to convert into stock. Subject to certain restrictions, our directors may also cause us to issue warrants, options and rights to buy our common stock on such terms as they deem advisable to our stockholders, as part of a financing arrangement, or pursuant to stock option plans. Our directors may cause us to issue warrants, options and rights to buy our common stock even though their exercise could result in dilution in the value of our outstanding common stock.

 

Restrictions on Issuance of Securities

 

Our charter provides that we will not issue:

 

    equity securities which are redeemable solely at the option of the holder;

 

    debt securities unless the historical debt service coverage in the most recently completed fiscal year is sufficient to properly service the higher level of debt;

 

    options or warrants to purchase stock to our advisor, sponsor, director(s) or any affiliates of our advisor, sponsor or directors except on the same terms as sold to the general public and in an amount not to exceed 10% of our outstanding common or preferred stock on the date of grant of any options or warrants; or

 

    equity securities on a deferred payment basis or similar arrangement.

 

The charter also provides that we will not issue non-voting or assessable common stock or warrants, options or similar evidences of a right to buy stock unless they are issued to all holders of stock ratably, as part of a financing arrangement or as part of a stock option plan to our or our affiliates’ directors, officers or employees.

 

Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer

 

Resales of our shares may be restricted by limitations on transferability of shares imposed by state suitability standards or blue sky laws. Specifically, the REIT sponsors must establish minimum income and net worth standards for purchasers of shares in REITs for which there is not likely to be a substantial and active secondary market, such as us. The Guidelines require a sponsor to propose minimum income and net worth standards that are reasonable given the type of REIT and risk associated with the purchase of shares. REITS with greater investor risk must have minimum standards with a substantial net worth requirement. Generally, unless a particular state regulator decides otherwise, stockholders must have a minimum annual gross income of $45,000 and a minimum net worth of $45,000, or a minimum net worth of $150,000. For specific states with increased minimum income and net worth requirements, see the page immediately following the cover page of this prospectus.

 

In order to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, among other things, our charter provides that, subject to exceptions described below, no person may beneficially own, or be deemed to beneficially own by virtue of the attribution provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, (i) more than 9.8% in value of our aggregate outstanding stock, (ii) more than 9.8%, in number of shares or value, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding common stock or (iii) our capital stock to the extent that such ownership would result in us being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable year), or otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT (including, but not limited to, ownership that would result in us owning (actually or constructively) an interest in a tenant that is described in Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code if the income derived by the Company from such tenant would cause us to fail to satisfy any of the gross income requirements of Section 856(c) of the Code). Our charter further provides that any transfer of our common stock or preferred stock that would result in our common stock and preferred stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons shall be null and void, and the intended transferee will not acquire any rights in the common stock or preferred stock intended to be transferred.

 

Subject to the exceptions described below, to the extent that any person beneficially owns our common or preferred stock in excess of the 9.8% ownership limit or that would cause us to be “closely held” within the meaning of the Code or would otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT, such shares will be transferred

 

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automatically by operation of law, to a trust, the beneficiary of which will be a qualified charitable organization selected by us. The trustee will be a person unaffiliated with us who is designated by us. The automatic transfer will be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of the transfer. Within 20 days of receiving notice from us of the transfer of shares to the trust, we will authorize the trustee of the trust to sell the shares held in the trust to a person or entity who could own such shares without violating the ownership limit. The trustee will distribute to the prohibited transferee an amount equal to the lesser of the price paid by the prohibited transferee for the shares held in the trust or the sales proceeds received by the trust for such shares.

 

In the case of any shares held in the trust resulting from any event other than a transfer or from a transfer for no consideration, such as a gift, the trustee will be required to sell the shares held in the trust to a qualified person or entity and distribute to the prohibited owner an amount equal to the lesser of the market price of the shares held in the trust as of the date of the event or the sales proceeds received by the trust for the shares held in the trust. In either case, any proceeds in excess of the amount distributable to the prohibited transferee or prohibited owner, as applicable, will be distributed to the beneficiary. Prior to a sale of any of the shares by the trust, the trustee will be entitled to receive, in trust for the beneficiary, all dividend and other distributions paid by us with respect to the shares, and also will be entitled to exercise all voting rights with respect to the shares. Subject to the MGCL, effective as of the date that such shares have been transferred to the trust, the trustee shall have the authority, in its sole discretion to:

 

    rescind as void any vote cast by a prohibited transferee or prohibited owner, as applicable, prior to the discovery by us that such shares have been transferred to the trust; and

 

    recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the trustee acting for the benefit of the beneficiary.

 

However, if we have already taken irreversible corporate action, then the trustee shall not have the authority to rescind and recast such vote. Any dividend or other distribution paid to the prohibited transferee or prohibited owner prior to the discovery by us that such shares had been automatically transferred to a trust as described above, will be required to be repaid to the trustee upon demand for distribution to the beneficiary. In the event that the transfer to the trust as described above is not automatically effective for any reason to prevent violation of the ownership limit or such other limit as provided in the charter or as otherwise permitted by the board of directors, our charter provides that the transfer of the excess shares will be voided.

 

In addition, our shares which are held in trust shall be deemed to have been offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of:

 

    the price per share on the transaction that resulted in such transfer to the trust, or, in the case of a gift, the market price at the time of the gift; and

 

    the market price on the date we accept such offer.

 

We shall have the right to accept such offer until the trustee has sold the shares of stock held in the trust. Upon such a sale to us, the interest of the beneficiary in the shares sold shall terminate and the trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the prohibited transferee or prohibited owner.

 

Our charter requires all persons who directly or indirectly beneficially own more than 5%, or any lower percentages as required pursuant to regulations under the Internal Revenue Code, of our outstanding common and preferred stock, within 30 days after December 31 of each year, to provide to us a written statement stating their name and address, the number of shares of common and preferred stock they beneficially own directly or indirectly, and a description of how the shares are held. In addition, each beneficial owner must provide to us any additional information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of their beneficial ownership on our status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the 9.8% ownership limit.

 

Our board of directors may exempt a person from the 9.8% ownership limit upon certain conditions. However, our board of directors may not grant an exemption from the 9.8% ownership limit to any proposed

 

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transferee whose beneficial ownership of our common and preferred stock in excess of the ownership limit would result in the termination of our status as a REIT.

 

Prior to the listing of our shares on a national stock exchange, the quotation of our shares on NASDAQ or the trading of our shares in the over-the-counter market, we will not issue share certificates except to stockholders who make a written request to us therefor. Until such time, ownership of our shares will be recorded by us in book-entry form. Once issued, all certificates representing any shares of our common or preferred stock will bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.

 

Provisions of Maryland law and of our Charter and Bylaws

 

The following paragraphs summarize material provisions of Maryland law and of our charter and bylaws. The following summary does not purport to be complete, and you should review our charter and bylaws, copies of which are exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is part.

 

Business Combinations. Under Maryland law, some business combinations (including a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, under some circumstances, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between a Maryland corporation and any person who beneficially owns ten percent or more of the voting power of the corporation’s shares or an affiliate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of ten percent or more of the voting power of the then-outstanding voting stock of the corporation (an interested stockholder) or an affiliate of such an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. A person is not an interested stockholder if, prior to the most recent time at which the person would otherwise have become an interested stockholder, the board of directors of the corporation approved the transaction which otherwise would have resulted in the person becoming an interested stockholder. The board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance with any terms and conditions determined by the board of directors. Thereafter, any such business combination must be recommended by the board of directors of such corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:

 

    80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and

 

    two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom (or with whose affiliate) the business combination is to be effected, unless, among other conditions, the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price (as defined in the Maryland business combination statute) for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares.

 

These provisions of Maryland law do not apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by our board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Our board, by resolution, has exempted any business combinations involving us and The Lightstone Group or any of its affiliates from these provisions. As a result, the five-year prohibition and the super-majority vote requirement will not apply to any business combinations between any affiliate of The Lightstone Group and us. As a result, any affiliate of The Lightstone Group may be able to enter into business combinations with us, which may or may not be in the best interests of the stockholders.

 

Control Share Acquisition. With some exceptions, Maryland law provides that control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares (1) owned by the acquiring person, (2) owned by officers, and (3) owned by employees who are also directors. Control shares mean voting shares which, if aggregated with all other voting shares owned by an acquiring person or which the acquiring person can exercise or direct the exercise of voting power, would entitle the acquiring person to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:

 

    one-tenth or more but less than one-third;

 

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    one-third or more but less than a majority; or

 

    a majority or more of all voting power.

 

Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A control share acquisition occurs when, subject to some exceptions, a person directly or indirectly acquires ownership or the power to direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy) of issued and outstanding control shares. A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of some specific conditions, including an undertaking to pay expenses, may compel our board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the control shares. If no request for a meeting is made, we may present the question at any stockholders’ meeting.

 

If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then, subject to some conditions and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have previously been approved) for fair value determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquirer or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquirer in the control share acquisition.

 

The control share acquisition statute does not apply to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.

 

Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions of our shares of stock. We cannot assure that such provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.

 

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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

 

Shares to be Outstanding or Issuable upon Exercise or Conversion of Other Outstanding Securities

 

Upon the completion of the offering and the consummation of the formation transactions and subject to the assumptions set forth below, we expect to have outstanding 34,000,000 shares of common stock. This includes:

 

    the 20,000 shares issued to our advisor; and

 

    the 4,000,000 shares sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment program and registered on the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part;

 

and assumes that:

 

    we sell all 30,000,000 shares of common stock offered on a best efforts basis in this offering; and

 

    we sell all 4,000,000 shares to be issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment program.

 

In addition, we have reserved 600,000 shares for issuance upon exercise of the soliciting dealer warrants which may be granted to Lightstone Securities and transferred to the participating broker-dealers and we have reserved 75,000 shares for issuance upon exercise of options which may be granted pursuant to our stock option plan.

 

Subject to the provisions of our charter, we could issue an undetermined number of shares of common or preferred stock:

 

    directly for equity interests in real properties;

 

    upon exchange of any units of limited partnership interest in the operating partnership, including units issued in exchange for equity interests in real properties; or

 

    upon exchange of any interests in entities that own our properties or in other companies we control, which might be issued for equity interests in real properties.

 

    All of the common stock we are offering by this prospectus will be freely tradable in the public market, if any, without restriction or limitation under the Securities Act of 1933 by persons other than our affiliates and soliciting dealers considered underwriters. However, the common stock will be subject to the restrictions explained under “Description Of Securities—Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.”

 

Securities Act Restrictions

 

The common stock owned by our affiliates and the common stock issuable upon exchange of limited partnership units will be subject to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act and may not be sold in the absence of registration under the Securities Act unless an exemption from registration is available, including exemptions contained in Rule 144.

 

In general, under Rule 144, a person, or persons whose common stock is aggregated with them in accordance with Rule 144, who has beneficially owned securities acquired from an issuer or an affiliate of the issuer for at least one year, would be entitled, within any three-month period, to sell a number of shares of common stock that does not exceed the greater of (1) 1% of the then-outstanding number of shares or (2) the average weekly reported trading volume of the common stock on a national securities exchange or market during the four calendar weeks preceding each sale. Sales under Rule 144 must be transacted in a specific manner and must meet requirements for public notice as well as public information about us. Any person who (1) is not deemed to have been our affiliate at any time during the three months preceding a sale, and (2) has beneficially owned our common stock for at least two years, would be entitled to sell the common stock under Rule 144(k) without regard to the volume limitations, manner of sale provisions, notice requirements or public information requirements. An affiliate, for purposes of the Securities Act, is a person that directly, or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or under common control with, us.

 

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Stock Option Plan

 

We have established a stock option plan for the purposes of attracting and retaining independent directors, to our company. We have not yet issued any options to purchase shares of our common stock to our independent directors. See “Management—Stock Option Plan” for additional information regarding the stock option plan. We intend to register the common stock to be issued under stock option plan in a registration statement or statements on Form S-8.

 

Effect of Availability of Shares on Market Price of Shares

 

Prior to the date of this prospectus, there has been no public market for our common stock. We cannot assure that a public market for our common stock will develop. We cannot predict that future sales of common stock, including sales pursuant to Rule 144, or the availability of common stock for future sale will have on the market price, if any, prevailing from time to time. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, including shares issued upon the exercise of options or the exchange of limited partnership units or other interests, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock and impair our ability to obtain additional capital through the sale of equity securities. See “Risk Factors—Investment Risks.” For a description of restrictions on transfer of common stock, see “Description of Securities—Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.” Also, see the following paragraphs regarding exchange and registration rights pertaining to limited partnership units.

 

Exchange Rights

 

Limited partners in the operating partnership will have the ability to exchange their limited partnership units into cash equal to the fair market value of one share of our common stock, or, at our option, shares of our common stock. See “Operating Partnership Agreement—Limited Partner Exchange Rights.”

 

See also “Operating Partnership Agreement—Extraordinary Transactions” for a discussion of exchange rights triggered by mergers and other major transactions.

 

Similar exchange rights may be given to holders of other classes of units in the operating partnership and to holders of interests in other companies we control, if any.

 

Any common stock issued to a limited partner upon exchange of limited partnership units may be sold only pursuant to an effective registration under the Securities Act or pursuant to any available exemption from such registration, such as Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act.

 

Limited partnership unit holders cannot exchange units for shares within one year of issuance.

 

Registration Rights

 

In the future we expect to grant “demand” and/or “piggyback” registration rights to (1) stockholders receiving our common stock directly for their equity interests in our assets, (2) limited partners receiving units of limited partnership interest in the operating partnership for their interests in properties, and (3) persons receiving interests in any real property partnership for their interests in real properties. These rights will be for registration under the Securities Act of any of our common stock acquired by them directly or upon exchange of their units or interests in the applicable partnership. The terms and conditions of any agreements for registration rights will be negotiated and determined at such future time as we determine advisable in connection with the acquisition of one or more properties.

 

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SUMMARY OF OUR ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS

 

Each stockholder is bound by and deemed to have agreed to the terms of our organizational documents by his, her or its election to become a stockholder. Our organizational documents consist of our articles of incorporation, or charter, and bylaws. The following is a summary of material provisions of our organizational documents and does not purport to be complete. Our organizational documents are filed as exhibits to our registration statement of which this prospectus is part. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”

 

Our charter in its present form was filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland and became effective on July 6, 2004. The bylaws in their present form became operative when our board of directors approved them as of June 29, 2004. Neither our charter nor bylaws have an expiration date. As a result, they will remain effective in their current form throughout our existence, unless they are amended. Upon effectiveness of this registration statement with the SEC, we will hold the first meeting of our board of directors, where a majority of our directors and of our independent directors will review and ratify our charter.

 

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CHARTER AND BYLAW PROVISIONS

 

The stockholders’ rights and related matters are governed by our charter and bylaws and Maryland law. At the first meeting of the board of directors, which we intend to hold upon effectiveness of this registration statement with the SEC, a majority of the directors and of the independent directors will review and ratify our charter. Some provisions of the charter and bylaws, summarized below, may make it more difficult to change the composition of our board of directors and could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock.

 

Stockholders’ Meetings

 

Our bylaws provide that an annual meeting of the stockholders will be held on the date in the month of July in each year that the board of directors may determine, but not less than 30 days after the delivery of our annual report to stockholders. The purpose of each annual meeting of the stockholders is to elect directors and to transact any other proper business. The chairman, the president, the chief executive officer, a majority of the directors or a majority of the independent directors may call a special meeting of the stockholders. The secretary must call a special meeting when stockholders holding 10% or more of the outstanding shares entitled to vote make a written request for a meeting. The written request may be delivered in person or by mail and must state the purpose(s) of the meeting and matters proposed to be acted upon at the meeting. The meeting will be held on a date not less than 15 nor more than 60 days after the distribution of the notice for such meeting, at the time and place specified in the stockholder request. Except as provided in the preceding sentence, we will give notice of any annual or special meeting of stockholders not less than 10 nor more than 90 days before the meeting. With respect to special meetings, the notice will state the purpose of the meeting and the matters to be acted upon. At any meeting of the stockholders, each stockholder is entitled to one vote for each share owned of record on the applicable record date. In general, the presence in person or by proxy of a majority of the outstanding shares will constitute a quorum.

 

Board of Directors

 

Our bylaws provide that we may not have less than three or more than nine directors. A majority of the directors must be independent directors. (See “Our Directors and Executive Officers—Committees of Our Board of Directors”). Any vacancy on the board of directors may be filled by a majority of the remaining directors, whether or not the remaining directors constitute a quorum, except that upon a vacancy created by the death, resignation or incapacity of an independent director, the remaining independent directors must nominate a replacement. Any director may resign at any time and may be removed with or without cause at a meeting called for that purpose by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote generally for the election of directors.

 

A director must have at least three years of relevant experience and demonstrate the knowledge required to successfully acquire and manage the type of assets we are acquiring. At least one of the independent directors must have three years of relevant real estate experience. At least one of the independent directors must be a financial expert, with at least three years of equivalent financial experience.

 

Stockholder Voting Rights

 

Each share of our common stock has one vote on each matter submitted to a vote of stockholders. Shares of common stock do not have cumulative voting rights or preemptive rights. Stockholders may vote in person or by proxy.

 

Directors are elected when they receive a majority of the votes cast in person or by proxy at a stockholders’ meeting, provided there was a quorum when the meeting commenced. A quorum is obtained when the stockholders holding a majority of the aggregate number of shares entitled to be voted are present in person or by

 

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proxy. Any or all directors may be removed, with or without cause, at a meeting called for that purpose, by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote generally for the election of directors. A majority of all the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present is sufficient to approve any other matter unless our charter or the MGCL require otherwise. Unless the charter of the corporation provides otherwise (which ours does not), Maryland law provides that any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of stockholders may be taken without a meeting by the unanimous written consent of all common stockholders (which may be impracticable for a publicly held corporation).

 

A majority of the then outstanding shares may, without the necessity for concurrence by our board of directors, vote to:

 

    amend our charter;

 

    remove directors; or

 

    dissolve or liquidate.

 

The approval of our board of directors and of holders of at least a majority of the outstanding voting shares of equity stock is necessary for us to do either of the following:

 

    transfer all or substantially all of our assets other than in the ordinary course of business or in connection with liquidation and dissolution; or

 

    with certain exceptions, engage in mergers, consolidations or share exchanges.

 

Neither the advisor, the directors, nor any of their affiliates may vote their shares of stock or consent on matters submitted to the stockholders regarding the removal of the advisor, such directors or any of their affiliates or any transaction between us and any of them. For purposes of determining the necessary percentage in interest of shares needed to approve a matter on which the advisor, the directors and any of their affiliates may not vote or consent, the shares of our common stock owned by them will not be included.

 

Stockholder Lists; Inspection of Books And Records

 

Any stockholder or his designated representative will be permitted access to all of our records at all reasonable times and may inspect and copy any of them for a reasonable charge for the purposes specified below. We maintain an alphabetical list of names, record addresses and business telephone numbers, if any, of all stockholders with the number of shares held by each at our principal office. The stockholder list is updated at least quarterly and is open for inspection by a stockholder or his designated agent at the stockholder’s request. A stockholder may request a copy of the stockholder list to find out about matters relating to the stockholder’s voting rights and their exercise under federal proxy laws. We will mail the stockholder list to any stockholder requesting it within 10 days of receiving the request. We may impose a reasonable charge for expenses incurred in reproducing the list.

 

If our advisor or board of directors neglect or refuse to exhibit, produce or mail a copy of the stockholder list as requested, then in accordance with applicable law and our charter, the advisor and the directors will be liable to the stockholder who requested the list. Their liability will include the costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, incurred by the stockholder in compelling the production of the list and actual damages suffered by the stockholder because of the refusal or neglect. However, the fact that the actual purpose of the request is to secure the list for the purpose of selling it, or using it for a commercial purpose unrelated to such stockholder’s interest in us is a defense against liability for refusal to supply the list. We may require the stockholder requesting the list to represent that the stockholder list is not requested for a commercial purpose unrelated to the stockholder’s interest in us.

 

Under Maryland law, one or more persons who together are and for at least six months have been, stockholders holding at least five percent of any class of our outstanding stock may, upon written request, inspect and copy our stock ledger.

 

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Amendment of the Organizational Documents

 

Our charter may be amended, after a declaration by the board of directors that the amendment is advisable and approval by the affirmative vote of holders of a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Our bylaws may be amended in a manner not inconsistent with the charter by a majority vote of the directors.

 

Dissolution or Termination

 

We may be dissolved after a declaration by the board of directors that dissolution is advisable and the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote on the matter. If our shares are listed on a national stock exchange, quoted by The Nasdaq Stock Market or traded in the over-the-counter market by the tenth anniversary of termination of our initial public offering, we shall continue perpetually unless dissolved pursuant to any applicable provision of the MGCL. If not, our board of directors must either (a) adopt a resolution that proposes an extension or elimination of this deadline by amendment to our charter, declares that such amendment is advisable and directs that the proposed amendment be submitted for consideration at a stockholder meeting, or (b) adopt a resolution that declares that a proposed liquidation and dissolution is advisable and mandates submission of the proposed plan of liquidation for consideration at a stockholder meeting. If our stockholders do not approve the amendment sought by our board of directors, then our board of directors shall seek the plan of liquidation described above. If our stockholders do not then approve the plan of liquidation, we shall continue our business. If our board of directors initially seeks the plan of liquidation and our stockholders do not approve the resolution, then our board of directors shall seek the charter amendment extending the ten-year deadline. If our stockholders do not then approve the amendment, we shall continue our business.

 

Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business

 

Our bylaws provide that, with respect to our annual meeting of stockholders, nominations for election to our board of directors and the proposal of business to be considered by stockholders may be made only:

 

    pursuant to our notice of the meeting;

 

    by or at the direction of our board of directors; or

 

    by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record both at the time of giving notice of such nomination or proposal of business and at the time of the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in the bylaws.

 

Our bylaws also provide that, with respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in our notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting of stockholders and nominations for election to the board of directors may be made only:

 

    pursuant to our notice of the meeting;

 

    by or at the direction of the board of directors; or

 

    provided that the board of directors has determined that directors will be elected at the meeting, by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record both at the time of giving notice of such nomination or proposal of business and at the time of the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in the bylaws.

 

A stockholder nomination or proposal of business in connection with an annual meeting must provide the information required in our bylaws and be delivered to our secretary at our principal executive offices:

 

    not less than 120 days nor more than 150 days before the first anniversary of the date on which we first mailed our notice of meeting for the prior year’s annual meeting; or

 

   

in the event that the maximum or minimum number of directors is increased or decreased and there is no public announcement of such action at least 130 days before the first anniversary of the date on which

 

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we first mailed our notice of the preceding year’s annual meeting, with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which such public announcement is first made.

 

A stockholder nomination or proposal of business for a special meeting must provide the information required in our bylaws and be delivered to our secretary at our principal executive offices:

 

    not earlier than the 120th day prior to the special meeting; and

 

    not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to the special meeting or the tenth day following the first public announcement of the special meeting and the nominees proposed by the board of directors to be elected at the meeting.

 

Restrictions on Conversion Transactions and Roll-Ups

 

A roll-up entity is a partnership, REIT, corporation, trust or similar entity that would be created or would survive after the successful completion of a proposed roll-up transaction. A roll-up does not include (1) a transaction involving securities that have been listed on a national securities exchange including The NASDAQ Stock Market—NASDAQ National Market for at least 12 months, or (2) a transaction involving our conversion to a trust or association form if, as a consequence of the transaction, there will be no significant adverse change in any of the following:

 

    stockholders’ voting rights;

 

    our term of existence;

 

    sponsor or advisor compensation; or

 

    our investment objectives.

 

In the event of a proposed roll-up, an appraisal of all our assets must be obtained from a person with no current or prior business or personal relationship with our advisor or directors and who is a qualified appraiser of real estate of the type held by the Company or of other assets determined by our board of directors. Further, that person must be substantially engaged in the business of rendering valuation opinions of assets of the kind we hold. We will include a summary of the appraisal, indicating all material assumptions underlying it, in a report to our stockholders in connection with a proposed roll-up. We may not participate in any proposed roll-up which would:

 

    result in the stockholders having rights which are more restrictive to stockholders than those provided in our charter, including any restriction on the frequency of meetings;

 

    result in the stockholders having less voting rights than are provided in our charter;

 

    result in the stockholders having greater liability than provided in our charter;

 

    result in the stockholders having fewer rights to receive reports than those provided in our charter;

 

    result in the stockholders having access to records that are more limited than those provided for in our charter;

 

    include provisions which would operate to materially impede or frustrate the accumulation of shares by any purchaser of the securities of the roll-up entity, except to the minimum extent necessary to preserve the tax status of the roll-up entity;

 

    limit the ability of an investor to exercise its voting rights in the roll-up entity on the basis of the number of the shares held by that investor; or

 

    place any of the costs of the transaction on us if the roll-up is not approved by the stockholders.

 

Stockholders who vote “no” on the proposed roll-up will have the choice of:

 

    accepting the securities of the roll-up entity offered; or

 

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    either remaining as our stockholders and preserving their interests on the same terms and conditions as previously existed or receiving cash in an amount equal to their pro rata share of the appraised value of our net assets.

 

These provisions in our charter could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock.

 

Limitation on Total Operating Expenses

 

Our charter provides that, subject to the conditions described herein, reimbursement to the advisor for total operating expenses in any four consecutive fiscal quarters shall not exceed the greater of 2% of our average invested assets or 25% of our net income. Our independent directors have the responsibility to limit our annual total operating expenses to amounts that do not exceed these limits. Our independent directors may, however, determine that a higher level of total operating expenses is justified for such period because of unusual and non-recurring expenses. Such a finding by our independent directors and the reasons supporting it shall be recorded in the minutes of meetings of our board of directors. If at the end of any fiscal quarter our total operating expenses for the 12 months then ended are more than 2% of average invested assets or more than 25% of net income, whichever is greater, as described above, we will disclose this in writing to the stockholders within 60 days of the end of the fiscal quarter. If our independent directors conclude that higher total operating expenses are justified, the disclosure will also contain an explanation of the conclusion. If total operating expenses exceed the limitations described above and if our directors are unable to conclude that the excess was justified, then the advisor will reimburse us the amount by which the aggregate annual total operating expenses we paid or incurred exceed the limitation. Our advisor must make the reimbursement within 60 days after the end of such fiscal quarter.

 

Transactions with Affiliates

 

Our charter imposes restrictions on transactions between us and our advisor, sponsor and any director or their affiliates as follows:

 

(1) Sales and Leases to Us. We will not purchase property from our sponsor, advisor, directors or any of their affiliates, unless a majority of the directors (including a majority of the independent directors) who otherwise are not interested in the transaction find that the transaction is fair and reasonable to us and that the property is purchased by us for a price no greater than the cost to the sponsor, advisor, directors or their affiliates (provided, however, that the price may be greater than the cost to the affiliate, but in no event more than the appraised value, if substantial justification exists for such excess and such excess is reasonable).

 

(2) Sales and Leases to Sponsor, Advisor, Director or any Affiliate. Our sponsor, advisor, director or any of their affiliates will not acquire assets from us unless a majority of disinterested directors, including a majority of disinterested independent directors, approves the transaction as being fair and reasonable to us. We may lease assets to our sponsor, advisor, director or any of their affiliates, but still only if a majority of the disinterested directors, including a majority of disinterested independent directors, approves it as fair and reasonable to us.

 

(3) Loans. We will not, directly or indirectly, including through any subsidiary, extend or maintain credit, arrange for the extension of credit, or renew an extension of credit, in the form of a personal loan to or for any of our directors or executive officers. We will not make loans to our sponsor, advisor, or any of their affiliates except as provided in clause (4) under “—Restrictions on Investments” below in this section, or to our wholly owned subsidiaries. Also, we may not borrow money from our sponsor, advisor, directors or any of their affiliates, unless a majority of disinterested directors, including a majority of disinterested independent directors, approves the transaction as fair, competitive and commercially reasonable and no less favorable to us than loans between unaffiliated parties under the same circumstances.

 

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(4) Investments. We will not invest in joint ventures with our sponsor, advisor, directors or any of their affiliates, unless a majority of disinterested directors, including a majority of disinterested independent directors, approves the transaction as fair and reasonable to us and on substantially the same terms and conditions as those received by the other joint ventures.

 

(5) Other Transactions. All other transactions between us and our sponsor, advisor, directors or any of their affiliates, require approval by a majority of disinterested directors, including a majority of disinterested independent directors, as being fair and reasonable and on terms and conditions not less favorable to us than those available from unaffiliated third parties.

 

Restrictions on Borrowing

 

Our aggregate borrowings, secured and unsecured, will be reasonable in relation to our net assets and will be reviewed by our board of directors at least quarterly. We anticipate that, in general, aggregate long-term permanent borrowings will not exceed 75% of the aggregate fair market value of all properties. This anticipated amount of leverage will be achieved over time and we may also incur short-term indebtedness, having a maturity of two years or less. In addition, our charter provides that the aggregate amount of borrowing (both long- and short-term) in relation to our net assets will, in the absence of a satisfactory showing that a higher level of borrowing is appropriate, not exceed 300% of net assets. Any excess in borrowing over such 75% of fair market value or 300% of net assets levels will be:

 

    approved by a majority of our independent directors and

 

    disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report, along with justification for such excess.

 

In addition, our charter prohibits us from making or investing in mortgage loans, including construction loans, on any one property if the aggregate amount of all mortgage loans outstanding on the property, including our loans, would exceed 85% of the property’s appraised value, unless substantial justification exists and the loans would not exceed the property’s appraised value. See “Investment Objectives and Policies—Borrowing.”

 

Restrictions on Investments

 

In addition to other investment restrictions imposed by our directors from time to time consistent with our objective to continue to qualify as a REIT, we will observe the following restrictions on our investments as set forth in our charter:

 

(1) Not more than 10% of our total assets will be invested in unimproved real property. For purposes of this paragraph, “unimproved real properties” does not include properties acquired for the purpose of producing rental or other operating income, properties under construction and properties for which development or construction is planned within one year.

 

(2) We will not invest in commodities or commodity future contracts. This limitation does not apply to interest rate futures when used solely for hedging purposes in connection with our ordinary business of investing in real estate assets and mortgages.

 

(3) We will not invest in contracts for the sale of real estate unless in recordable form and appropriately recorded.

 

(4) Mortgage indebtedness on any property shall not exceed the appraised value of the property.

 

(5) We will not invest in equity securities unless a majority of disinterested directors, including a majority of disinterested independent directors, approves the transaction as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable. Investments in entities affiliated with our advisor, the sponsor, any director or their affiliates are subject to the restrictions on joint venture investments.

 

(6) We will not engage in any short sale nor will we borrow on an unsecured basis if the borrowing will result in an asset coverage of less than 300%, unless the borrowing is approved by a majority of our

 

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independent directors and disclosed to our stockholders in our subsequent quarterly report, along with justification for such excess.

 

(7) To the extent we invest in properties, a majority of the directors will approve the consideration paid for such properties based on the fair market value of the properties. If a majority of independent directors so determines, or if an asset is acquired from our advisor, one or more of our directors, our sponsor or any of their affiliates, the fair market value will be determined by a qualified independent real estate appraiser selected by the independent directors. In addition, the advisor may purchase on our account, without the prior approval of the board of directors, properties whose purchase price is less than $15,000,000, if the following conditions are satisfied:

 

    The investment in the property would not, if consummated, violate our investment guidelines;

 

    The investment in the property would not, if consummated, violate any restrictions on indebtedness; and

 

    The consideration to be paid for such properties does not exceed the fair market value of such properties, as determined by a qualified independent real estate appraiser selected by the advisor and acceptable to the independent directors.

 

(8) We will not engage in trading, as compared with investment activities.

 

(9) We will not engage in underwriting activities, or distribute as agent, securities issued by others.

 

(10) We will not acquire securities in any entity holding investments or engaging in activities prohibited by the restrictions on investments set forth in the foregoing clauses (1) through (9).

 

(11) We will not invest in foreign currency or bullion.

 

Subject to the above restrictions and so long as we qualify as a REIT, a majority of our directors, including a majority of our independent directors, may alter the investment policies if they determine that a change is in our best interests. In addition, if we fail to so qualify, our stockholders must vote on any such changes.

 

We intend to invest in a manner so that we are not considered an “investment company” as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940. See “Investment Objectives and Policies—Regulatory Aspects of Our Investment Strategy.”

 

 

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Compensation Restrictions

 

As discussed, our compensation structure differs from that of other REITs. In order to comply with the compensation provisions contained in the Statement of Policy Regarding REITs adopted by the North American Securities Administrators Association, Inc., which we also refer to as the NASAA REIT Guidelines and for the benefit of our stockholders, our charter limits acquisition fees, acquisition expenses and asset management fee paid to the advisor, and subordinated payments by the operating partnership to our sponsor and Lightstone SLP, LLC, collectively. Specifically, our charter prohibits the total of those expenditures from exceeding (i) six percent of all properties’ aggregate gross contract purchase price, (ii) as determined annually, the greater, in the aggregate, of two percent of average invested assets or twenty-five percent of our net income after reducing such asset management amount by those total operating expenses as defined in the NASAA REIT Guidelines that exclude the asset management amount, (iii) disposition fees, if any, of up to three percent of the contract sales price of all properties that we sell and (iv) fifteen percent of net sales proceeds, if any, remaining after we pay our stockholders an aggregate amount sufficient to repay their shares’ initial issue price plus six percent of that issue price per annum, cumulative.

 

In order to ensure our continued compliance with these restrictions, our charter requires us annually to prepare a comparison between our compensation structure and the compensation structure prescribed by the NASAA REIT Guidelines. Certain state securities regulators require us to deliver this comparison for their review on a regular basis. If the comparison indicates that our proceeds exceed those allowed by the NASAA REIT Guidelines, our charter requires us to return any excess proceeds to our stockholders within 30 days of making the comparison.

 

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OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT

 

The following is a summary of the agreement of limited partnership of Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP. This summary and the descriptions of its provisions elsewhere in this prospectus, are qualified by the operating partnership agreement itself, which is filed as an exhibit to our registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”

 

Conducting our operations through the operating partnership allows the sellers of properties to contribute their property interests to the operating partnership in exchange for limited partnership units rather than for cash or common stock. By this, the seller is able to defer some or all of the potential taxable gain on the transfer. From the seller’s point of view, there are also differences between the ownership of common stock and units. Some of the differences may be material to investors because they impact the form of business organization, distribution rights, voting rights, transferability of equity interests received and federal income taxation.

 

Description of Partnership Units

 

Partnership interests in the operating partnership are divided into “units.” Initially, the operating partnership will have two classes of units: general partnership units and limited partnership units. General partnership units represent an interest as a general partner in the operating partnership and we will hold them as general partner. In return for our capital contribution of $200,000 the operating partnership issued to us 20,000 general partnership units.

 

Limited partnership units represent an interest as a limited partner in the operating partnership. The operating partnership may issue additional units and classes of units with rights different from and superior to those of general partnership units or limited partnership units without the consent of the limited partners. Holders of limited partnership units do not have any preemptive rights with respect to the issuance of additional units.

 

For each limited partnership common unit received, investors generally will be required to contribute money or a property with a net equity value determined by the general partner. Holders of limited partnership units will not be obligated to make additional capital contributions to the operating partnership. Furthermore, they will not have the right to make additional capital contributions to the operating partnership or the right to purchase additional units without our consent as general partner. For further information on capital contributions, see “—Capital Contributions” in this section. Limited partners who do not participate in the management of the operating partnership generally are not liable for the debts and liabilities of the operating partnership beyond the amount of their capital contributions by virtue of their status as limited partners. We, however, as the general partner of the operating partnership, are liable for any unpaid debts and liabilities.

 

Limited partners do not have the right to participate in the management of the operating partnership. The voting rights of the limited partners are generally limited to approval of specific types of amendments to the operating partnership agreement. With respect to such amendments, each limited partnership common unit has one vote. See “—Management of the Operating Partnership” in this section for a more detailed discussion of this subject.

 

In general, each limited partnership common unit will share equally in distributions from the operating partnership when as general partner we may declare distributions in our sole discretion. They will also share equally in the assets of the operating partnership legally available for distribution upon its liquidation after payment of all liabilities and establishment of reserves and after payment of the preferred return owed to holders of limited partnership preferred units, if any. In addition, a portion of the items of income, gain, loss and deduction of the operating partnership for federal income tax purposes will be allocated to each limited partnership common unit, regardless of whether any distributions are made by the operating partnership. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Income Taxation of the Partnerships and Their Partners” for a description of the manner in which income, gain, loss and deductions are allocated under the operating partnership

 

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agreement. As general partner, we may amend the allocation and distribution sections of the operating partnership agreement to reflect the issuance of additional units and classes of units without the consent of the limited partnership common unit holders. See “—Issuance of Additional Units” and “—Distributions” in this section; and also see “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Income Taxation of the Partnerships and Their Partners” for a more detailed explanation of these matters.

 

Under certain circumstances, holders of limited partnership units may not transfer their interests without the consent of the general partner. See “—Transferability of Interests” in this section for a discussion of certain restrictions imposed by the operating partnership agreement on such transfers. After owning a limited partnership common unit for one year, limited partnership common unit holders generally may, subject to restrictions, exchange limited partnership units into cash or, at our option, shares of common stock. See “— Limited Partner Exchange Rights” in this section for a description of these rights and the amount and types of consideration a limited partner is entitled to receive upon their exercise. These exchange rights are accelerated in the case of some extraordinary transactions. See “—Extraordinary Transactions” in this section for an explanation of the exchange rights under those circumstances. For a description of registration rights which may in the future be granted to holders of limited partnership units, see “Shares Eligible for Future Sale—Registration Rights.”

 

Special General Partner Interests

 

Our operating partnership will issue special general partner interests to Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor, in exchange for an amount equal to all expenses, dealer manager fees and selling commissions that we incur in connection with our organization and this offering. The proceeds of this offering that will be contributed by us to our operating partnership will be reduced by the amount that is paid by our sponsor to the operating partnership in exchange for the special partner interest. The special general partner will have the right to consent to management decisions of the general partner.

 

Regular Distributions

 

This section describes the apportionment of any regular distributions that the operating partnership may make. At each stage of distribution, a different apportionment method commences or terminates, as applicable, when a particular party or parties have received a specific amount of distributions. The return calculations described below apply to all regular distributions received and not the specific distribution being made. Achievement of a particular threshold, therefore, is determined with reference to all prior distributions made by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC and to us, which we will then distribute to our stockholders, and results in all subsequent regular distributions being made pursuant to the allocation method triggered by that or later thresholds.

 

Distributions Until 7% Stockholder Return Threshold is Achieved

 

Regular distributions will be made initially to us, which we will distribute to the holders of our common stock until these holders have received dividends equal to a cumulative non-compounded return of 7% per year on their net investment. “Net investment” refers to $10 per share, less a pro rata share of any proceeds received from the sale or refinancing of properties. Until this 7% threshold is reached, our operating partnership will not pay to Lightstone SLP, LLC any distributions with respect to the purchase price of the special general partner interests that it received in exchange for agreeing to pay the costs and expenses of this offering, including dealer manager fees and selling commissions.

 

Distributions Until 7% Lightstone SLP, LLC Return Threshold is Achieved

 

After this 7% threshold is reached, our operating partnership will make all of its distributions to Lightstone SLP, LLC until our sponsor receives an amount equal to a cumulative non-compounded return of 7% per year on the purchase price of the special general partner interests.

 

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Distributions Until 12% Stockholder Return Threshold is Achieved

 

After this second 7% threshold is reached and until the holders of our common stock have received dividends in an amount equal to a cumulative non-compounded return of 12% per year on their net investment (including, for the purpose of the calculation of such amount, the amounts equaling a 7% return on their net investment described in the first paragraph of this section), 70% of the aggregate amount of any additional distributions by our operating partnership will be payable to us (and the limited partners entitled to such distributions under the terms of the operating partnership’s operating agreement), which we will distribute to the holders of our common stock, and 30% of such amount will be payable by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC. “Net investment” refers to $10 per share, less a pro rata share of any proceeds received from the sale or refinancing of properties.

 

Distributions After 12% Stockholder Return Threshold is Achieved

 

After this 12% threshold is reached, 60% of the aggregate amount of any additional distributions by our operating partnership will be payable to us, which we will distribute to the holders of our common stock (and the limited partners entitled to such distributions under the terms of the operating partnership’s operating agreement), and 40% of such amount will be payable by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC.

 

We cannot assure investors of the cumulative non-compounded returns discussed above, which we disclose solely as a measure for the incentive compensation of our sponsor, advisor and affiliates.

 

Special Liquidation Distribution

 

This section describes the apportionment of any liquidation distributions that we make. At each stage of distributions, a different apportionment method commences or terminates, as applicable, when a particular party or parties have received a specific amount of distributions. The return calculations described below apply to all regular and liquidation distributions received and not just distributions made upon liquidation. Achievement of a particular threshold, therefore, is determined with reference to all prior distributions made by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC and to us, which we will then distribute to our stockholders.

 

We cannot assure investors of the cumulative non-compounded returns discussed below, which we disclose solely as a measure for compensation of our sponsor, advisor and affiliates.

 

Distributions Until 7% Stockholder Return Threshold is Achieved

 

Distributions in connection with our liquidation will be made initially to us, which we will distribute to the holders of our common stock, until these holders have received liquidation distributions equal to their initial investment plus a cumulative non-compounded return of 7% per year on their net investment. “Net investment” refers to $10 per share, less a pro rata share of any proceeds received from the sale or refinancing of properties. Until this 7% threshold is reached, our operating partnership will not pay to Lightstone SLP, LLC any special liquidation distribution in connection with our liquidation.

 

Distributions Until 7% Lightstone SLP, LLC Return Threshold is Achieved

 

After the first 7% threshold is reached, Lightstone SLP, LLC will receive special liquidation distributions with respect to the purchase price of the special general partner interests that it received in exchange for agreeing to pay the costs and expenses of this offering, including dealer manager fees and selling commissions, until it receives an amount equal to the purchase price of the special general partner interests plus a cumulative non-compounded return of 7% per year on the purchase price of those interests;

 

Distributions Until 12% Stockholder Return Threshold is Achieved

 

After this second 7% threshold is reaches and until the holders of our common stock have received an amount equal to their initial investment plus a cumulative non-compounded return of 12% per year on their net

 

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investment. “Net investment” refers to $10 per share, less a pro rata share of any proceeds received from the sale or refinancing of properties (including, for the purpose of the calculation of such amount, the amounts equaling a 7% return on their net investment described in the first paragraph of this section), 70% of the aggregate amount of any additional distributions by our operating partnership will be payable to us (and the limited partners entitled to such distributions under the terms of the operating partnership’s operating agreement), which we will distribute to the holders of our common stock, and 30% of such amount will be payable by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC; and

 

Distributions After 12% Stockholder Return Threshold is Achieved

 

After this 12% threshold is reached, 60% of the aggregate amount of any additional distributions by our operating partnership will be payable to us (and the limited partners entitled to such distributions under the terms of the operating partnership’s operating agreement), which we will distribute to the holders of our common stock, and 40% of such amount will be payable by our operating partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC.

 

Advisory Agreement Termination

 

If the advisory agreement is terminated, the special general partner interests will be converted into cash equal to the purchase price of the special general partner interests.

 

Management of the Operating Partnership

 

The operating partnership is organized as a Delaware limited partnership pursuant to the terms of the operating partnership agreement. We are the general partner of the operating partnership and we anticipate that we will conduct substantially all of our business through it. Generally, pursuant to the operating partnership agreement, we and Lightstone SLP, LLC, as general partners, will have full, exclusive and complete responsibility and discretion in the management and control of the partnership, including the ability to enter into major transactions, including acquisitions, dispositions and refinancings, and to cause changes in its line of business and distribution policies. We may, without the consent of the limited partners:

 

    file a voluntary petition seeking liquidation, reorganization, arrangement or readjustment, in any form, of the partnership’s debts under Title 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code, or any other federal or state insolvency law, or corresponding provisions of future laws, or file an answer consenting to or acquiescing in any such petition; or

 

    cause the operating partnership to make an assignment for the benefit of its creditors or admit in writing its inability to pay its debts as they mature.

 

The limited partners in their capacities as limited partners of the operating partnership will have no authority to transact business for, or participate in the management or decisions of, the operating partnership, except as provided in the operating partnership agreement and as required by applicable law.

 

As general partner of the operating partnership, we may amend the operating partnership agreement without the consent of the limited partners. However, any amendment that:

 

    alters or changes the distribution rights of limited partners, subject to the exceptions discussed below under “—Distributions” in this section,

 

    alters or changes their exchange rights,

 

    imposes on limited partners any obligation to make additional capital contributions, or

 

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    alters the terms of the operating partnership agreement regarding the rights of the limited partners with respect to extraordinary transactions,

 

    will require the unanimous written consent of the affected limited partners holding more than 50% of the voting power in the operating partnership. The limited partners have no right to remove us as the general partner.

 

Indemnification

 

To the extent permitted by law, the operating partnership agreement provides for our indemnification as general partner. It also provides for the indemnification of directors, officers and other persons as we may designate against damages and other liabilities under the same conditions and subject to the same restrictions applicable to the indemnification of officers, directors, employees and stockholders under our charter. See “Limitation of Liability and Indemnification of Directors, Officers and Our Advisor.”

 

Transferability of Interests

 

Under the operating partnership agreement, we may not withdraw from the partnership or transfer or assign all of our general partnership interest, except in connection with the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, without the consent of two-thirds of the limited partners. We may, however, assign less than all of our general partnership interest. Under certain circumstances, holders of limited partnership units may withdraw from the partnership and may transfer or encumber all or any part of their units only with the written consent of the general partner and upon satisfaction of the other conditions set forth in the partnership agreement.

 

In addition, limited partnership units are not registered under the federal or state securities laws. As a result, the ability of a holder to transfer units may be restricted under such laws.

 

Extraordinary Transactions

 

The operating partnership agreement generally provides that either we or the operating partnership may engage in any authorized business combination without the consent of the limited partners. A business combination is any merger, consolidation or other combination with or into another person, or the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of any entity, or any liquidation, or any reclassification, recapitalization or change in the terms of the equity stock into which a unit may be converted. We are required to send to each limited partnership common unit holder notice of a proposed business combination at least 15 days prior to the record date for the stockholder vote on the combination, if any. Generally, a limited partner may not exercise his or her exchange rights until he or she has held the units for at least one year. However, in the case of a proposed combination, each holder of a limited partnership common unit in the operating partnership shall have the right to exercise his or her exchange right prior to the stockholder vote on the transaction, even if he or she has held the units for less than one year. See—“Limited Partner Exchange Rights” in this section for a description of such rights. Upon the limited partner’s exercise of the exchange right in the case of a business combination, the partnership units will be exchanged into cash or, at our option, shares of common stock. However, we cannot pay the limited partnership common unit holder in shares if the issuance of shares to such holder would:

 

    violate the ownership limit;

 

    result in our being “closely held” within the meaning of section 856(h) of the Internal Revenue Code;

 

    cause us to no longer qualify or create a material risk that we may no longer qualify as a REIT in the opinion of our counsel; or

 

    cause the acquisition of shares by such limited partner to be integrated with any other distribution of shares for purposes of complying with the registration provisions of the Securities Act of 1933.

 

Holders of limited partnership units who timely exchange their units prior to the record date for the stockholder vote on a business combination, if any, shall be entitled to vote their shares in any stockholder vote

 

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on the business combination. Holders of limited partnership units who exchange their units after the record date may not vote their shares in any stockholder vote on the proposed business combination. The right of the limited partnership common unit holders to exercise their right to exchange without regard to whether they have held the units for more than a year shall terminate upon the first to occur of the disapproval of the business combination by our board of directors, its disapproval by the stockholders, its abandonment by any of the parties to it, or its effective date.

 

Issuance of Additional Units

 

As general partner of the operating partnership, we can, without the consent of the limited partners, cause the operating partnership to issue additional units representing general or limited partnership interests. A new issuance may include preferred units, which may have rights which are different and/or superior to those of general partnership units and limited partnership units.

 

Capital Contributions

 

The operating partnership agreement provides that if the operating partnership requires additional funds at any time or from time to time in excess of funds available to it from borrowings or prior capital contributions, we as general partner have the right to raise additional funds required by the operating partnership by causing it to borrow the necessary funds from third parties on such terms and conditions as we deem appropriate. As an alternative to borrowing funds required by the operating partnership, we may contribute the amount of such required funds as an additional capital contribution. The operating partnership agreement also provides that we will contribute cash or other property received in exchange for the issuance of equity stock to the operating partnership in exchange for units. Upon the contribution of the cash or other property received in exchange for the issuance of a share, we will receive one general partnership common unit for each share issued by us. Upon the contribution of the cash or other property received in exchange for the issuance of each share of equity stock other than a share, we shall receive one unit with rights and preferences respecting distributions corresponding to the rights and preferences of the equity stock. If we so contribute additional capital to the operating partnership, our partnership interest will be increased on a proportionate basis. Conversely, the partnership interests of the limited partners will be decreased on a proportionate basis in the event we contribute any additional capital.

 

Distributions

 

The operating partnership agreement sets forth the manner in which distributions from the partnership will be made to unit holders. Distributions from the partnership are made at the times and in the amounts determined by us as the general partner. Under the operating partnership agreement, preferred units, if any, may entitle their holders to distributions prior to the payment of distributions for the units. The agreement further provides that remaining amounts available for distribution after distributions for preferred units, if any, will be distributed at the times and in the amounts we determine as the general partner in our sole discretion, pro rata, to the holders of the general partnership units and the limited partnership units, in accordance with the number of units that they hold (provided that the special general partner will also be entitled to its share of distributions as described in “Special General Partner Interests”, above). We will also distribute the remaining amounts to the holders of preferred units, if any, which are entitled to share in the net profits of the operating partnership beyond, or in lieu of, the receipt of any preferred return. Liquidating distributions will generally be made in the same manner and amounts as operating distributions. The operating partnership agreement also provides that as general partner we have the right to amend the distribution provisions of the operating partnership agreement to reflect the issuance of additional classes of units.

 

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Operations

 

The operating partnership agreement requires that the operating partnership be operated in a manner that will:

 

    satisfy the requirements for our classification as a REIT;

 

    avoid any federal income or excise tax liability, unless we otherwise cease to qualify as a REIT; and

 

    ensure that the operating partnership will not be classified as a publicly traded partnership under the Internal Revenue Code.

 

Pursuant to the operating partnership agreement, the operating partnership will assume and pay when due or reimburse us for payment of all administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred by the operating partnership and the administrative costs and expenses that we incur on behalf of, or for the benefit of, the operating partnership.

 

Limited Partner Exchange Rights

 

Pursuant to the terms of the operating partnership agreement and subject to the conditions in the operating partnership agreement, each holder of a limited partnership common unit (but not the holder of the special general partner units) will have the right, commencing one year from the issuance of the limited partner common units (except in connection with a business combination), to have all or any portion of his or her units exchanged for cash equal to the has an aggregate market price as of the date of exchange equal to the net equity value of the property or properties as of the date of exchange of the property or properties he or she contributed. However, at our option, we may satisfy the exchange right by delivering a number of shares which has an aggregate market price as of the date of exchange equal to the net equity value of the property or properties he or she contributed. We will make the decision to exercise our right to deliver exchange cash in lieu of shares on a case by case basis at our sole and absolute discretion. The limited partnership units exchanged for cash or common stock will augment our ownership percentage in the operating partnership. See—“Extraordinary Transactions” in this section for a description of exchange rights in connection with mergers and other major transactions. However, no limited partner may exchange any limited partnership units for shares at any time if the limited partner’s actual or constructive ownership of our common stock would:

 

    violate the 9.8% ownership limit;

 

    result in our being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Internal Revenue Code;

 

    in the opinion of our counsel, cause us to no longer qualify, or create a material risk that we would no longer qualify, as a REIT; or

 

    cause the acquisition of common stock by the limited partner to be integrated with any other distribution of common stock for purposes of complying with the registration provisions of the Securities Act of 1933.

 

Any common stock issued to the limited partners upon exchange of their respective limited partnership units may be sold only pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933 or pursuant to an available exemption from registration. We expect to grant holders of partnership interests registration rights for such shares of common stock. See “Shares Eligible for Future Sale—Exchange Rights” and “—Registration Rights.” The interest represented by the limited partnership units exchanged for cash or common stock will augment our ownership percentage interest in the operating partnership. The cash necessary to exchange limited partnership units will come from any funds legally available to us or the operating partnership. However, specific funds will not be specially set aside for such purposes, nor will an accounting reserve be established for it. The necessary cash to satisfy the exchange right could come from cash flow not required to be distributed to stockholders to maintain our REIT status, fund operations or acquire new properties, or could come from borrowings. However, as explained above, we always have the option to satisfy the exchange right by the

 

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issuance of common stock, and we intend to reserve common stock for that purpose. We will make the decision to exercise our right to satisfy the exchange right by paying to the holder the exchange price or common stock having an aggregate market price on the date the holder exercises the exchange right equal to the exchange price for all units being exchanged on a case by case basis in our sole and absolute discretion.

 

In the event of termination of the advisory agreement by our board of directors or stockholders, Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor, will receive cash, in an amount equal to the purchase price of the special general partner interests that it received in exchange for a purchase price sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of this offering, including dealer manager fees and selling commissions.

 

As general partner, we will have the right to grant similar exchange rights to holders of other classes of units, if any, in the operating partnership, and to holders of equity interests in the entities that own our properties.

 

Exercise of exchange rights will be a taxable transaction in which gain or loss will be recognized by the limited partner exercising its right to exchange its units into common stock to the extent that the amount realized exceeds the limited partner’s adjusted basis in the units exchanged. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Income Taxation of the Partnerships and their Partners” and “—Tax Consequences of Exercise of Exchange Right.”

 

Tax Matters

 

Pursuant to the operating partnership agreement, we will be the tax matters partner of the operating partnership and, as such, will have authority to make tax decisions under the Internal Revenue Code on behalf of the operating partnership. Tax income and loss will generally be allocated in a manner that reflects the entitlement of the general partner, limited partners and special general partner to receive distributions from the operating partnership. For a description of other tax consequences stemming from our investment in the operating partnership, see “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Income Taxation of the Partnerships and their Partners.”

 

Duties And Conflicts

 

Except as otherwise set forth under “Conflicts of Interest” and “Management,” any limited partner may engage in other business activities outside the operating partnership, including business activities that directly compete with the operating partnership.

 

Term

 

The operating partnership will continue in full force and effect until December 31, 2099 or until sooner dissolved and terminated upon (1) our dissolution, bankruptcy, insolvency or termination, (2) the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the operating partnership unless we, as general partner, elect to continue the business of the operating partnership to collect the indebtedness or other consideration to be received in exchange for the assets of the operating partnership, or (3) by operation of law.

 

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FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

 

The following discusses the material federal income tax considerations associated with ownership of our shares, as well as the applicable requirements under federal income tax laws to maintain REIT status, and the material federal income tax consequences of maintaining REIT status. This discussion is based upon the laws, regulations, and reported judicial and administrative rulings and decisions in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change, retroactively or prospectively, and to possibly differing interpretations. This discussion does not purport to deal with the federal income and other tax consequences applicable to all investors in light of their particular investment or other circumstances, or to all categories of investors, some of whom may be subject to special rules (for example, insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, financial institutions, broker-dealers, foreign corporations and persons who are not citizens or residents of the United States). No ruling on the federal, state, or local tax considerations relevant to our operation or to the purchase, ownership or disposition of our shares, has been requested from the Internal Revenue Service, or other tax authority. Proskauer Rose LLP has acted and will act as our tax counsel (“Counsel”) in connection with our election to be taxed as a REIT, and has rendered the opinion set forth below. However, opinions of counsel are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service or on the courts, and no assurance can be given that the conclusions reached by Counsel would be sustained in court. Prospective investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors in order to determine the federal, state, local, foreign and other tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our shares, the tax treatment of a REIT and the effect of potential changes in the applicable tax laws.

 

Beginning with 2005, our first taxable year, we will elect to be taxable as a REIT under the applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder and receive the beneficial federal income tax treatment described below, and we intend to continue operating as a REIT so long as REIT status remains advantageous. However, we cannot assure you that we will meet the applicable requirements under federal income tax laws, which are highly technical and complex.

 

In brief, a corporation that invests primarily in real estate can, if it complies with the provisions in Sections 856-860 of the Internal Revenue Code, qualify as a REIT and claim federal income tax deductions for the dividends it pays to its stockholders. Such a corporation generally is not taxed on its REIT taxable income to the extent such income is currently distributed to stockholders, thereby completely or substantially eliminating the “double taxation” that a corporation and its stockholders generally bear together. However, as discussed in greater detail below, a corporation could be subject to federal income tax in some circumstances even if it qualifies as a REIT and would likely suffer adverse consequences, including reduced cash available for distribution to its stockholders, if it failed to qualify as a REIT.

 

Proskauer Rose LLP is of the opinion, (i) assuming that the actions described in this section are completed on a timely basis and we timely filed the requisite elections, that we have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT beginning with our first taxable year, and, (ii) that Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, our operating partnership will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes beginning with its first taxable year. This opinion has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and is based and conditioned, in part, on various assumptions and representations made to Proskauer Rose LLP by us and the advisor as to factual matters. Our qualification and federal income tax treatment as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet, through operation of the properties we acquire and our investment in other assets, the applicable requirements under federal income tax laws. Proskauer Rose LLP has not reviewed these operating results for compliance with the applicable requirements under federal income tax laws. Therefore, we cannot assure you that our actual operating results allow us to satisfy the applicable requirements under federal income tax laws in any taxable year.

 

Taxation

 

General.

 

We use the term REIT Taxable Income which means the taxable income as computed for a corporation which is not a REIT:

 

    without the deductions allowed by Internal Revenue Code Sections 241 and 247, and 249 and 250 (relating generally to the deduction for dividends received);

 

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    excluding amounts equal to:

 

    the net income from foreclosure property; and

 

    the net income derived from prohibited transactions;

 

    deducting amounts equal to:

 

    any net loss derived from prohibited transactions; and

 

    the tax imposed by Internal Revenue Code Section 857(b)(5) upon a failure to meet the 95% and/or the 75% gross income tests;

 

    disregarding the deduction for dividends paid, computed without regard to the amount of the net income from foreclosure property which is excluded from REIT Taxable Income; and

 

    without regard to any change of annual accounting period pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 443(b).

 

In any year in which we qualify as a REIT and have a valid election in place, we will claim deductions for the dividends we pay to the stockholders, and therefore will not be subject to federal income tax on that portion of our REIT Taxable Income or capital gain which is distributed to our stockholders. We will, however, be subject to federal income tax at normal corporate rates on any REIT Taxable Income or capital gain not distributed.

 

Although we can eliminate or substantially reduce our federal income tax liability by maintaining our REIT status and paying sufficient dividends, we could be subject to federal income tax on some items of income. If we fail to satisfy either the 95% Gross Income Test or the 75% Gross Income Test (each of which is described below), yet we maintain our REIT status, we will be subject to a penalty tax which would be imposed by reference to the amount by which we failed the 75% or 95% test (whichever amount is greater), as described below. We will also be subject to a penalty tax on the net income from any “prohibited transaction,” as described below. In addition, as a REIT we must make annual distributions to our stockholders of at least 90% of our annual REIT Taxable Income (as defined above). We will also be subject to an excise tax if we fail to currently distribute sufficient income. In order to make the “required distribution” with respect to a calendar year, we must distribute the sum of (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the calendar year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the calendar year, and (3) the excess, if any, of the grossed up required distribution for the preceding calendar year over the distributed amount for that preceding calendar year. Any excise tax liability would be equal to 4% of the difference between the amount required to be distributed under this formula and the amount actually distributed. We may also be subject to the corporate alternative minimum tax. Furthermore, if we have income from prohibited transactions (as described below) such income would be subject to a 100% tax. Additionally, we will be subject to federal income tax at the highest corporate rate on any nonqualifying income from foreclosure property, although we will not own any foreclosure property unless we make loans or accept purchase money notes secured by interests in real property and foreclose on the property following a default on the loan.

 

Finally, if we acquire in exchange for our stock any asset from a corporation that is subject to full corporate-level federal income tax in a transaction in which our basis in the asset is determined by reference to the selling corporation’s basis in the asset, and we recognize gain on the disposition of such an asset during the 10-year period beginning on the date we acquired such asset, then the excess of the fair market value as of the beginning of the applicable recognition period over our adjusted basis in such asset at the beginning of such recognition period will be subject to federal income tax at the highest regular corporate federal income tax rate.

 

REIT Qualification Tests . The Internal Revenue Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:

 

    that is managed by one or more trustees or directors;

 

    the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest;

 

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    that would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for its status as a REIT;

 

    that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company;

 

    the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons on at least 335 days in each full taxable year, proportionately adjusted for a partial taxable year;

 

    generally in which, at any time during the last half of each taxable year, no more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock is owned, directly, or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals or some entities; and

 

    that meets the gross income, asset and annual distribution requirements, described in greater detail below.

 

The first four and last conditions must be met during each taxable year for which REIT status is sought, while the other two conditions do not have to be met until after the first taxable year for which a REIT election is made.

 

Although the 25% Asset Test (as defined below) generally prevents a REIT from owning more than 10% of the stock, by vote or value, of an entity other than another REIT, the Internal Revenue Code provides an exception for ownership of voting stock in a qualified REIT subsidiary and in a taxable REIT subsidiary. A qualified REIT subsidiary is a corporation that is wholly owned by a REIT, and that it is not a taxable REIT subsidiary. For purposes of the asset and Gross Income Tests described below, all assets, liabilities and tax attributes of a qualified REIT subsidiary are treated as belonging to the REIT. A qualified REIT subsidiary is not subject to federal income tax, but may be subject to state or local tax. Although we expect to hold all of our investments through the operating partnership, we may hold investments through qualified REIT subsidiaries. A taxable REIT subsidiary is described under “Asset Tests—25% Asset Test” below. With respect to the operating partnership, a partnership is not subject to federal income tax, and instead allocates its tax attributes to its partners. The partners are subject to federal income tax on their allocable share of the income and gain, without regard to whether they receive distributions from the partnership. Each partner’s share of a partnership’s tax attributes is determined in accordance with the partnership agreement. For purposes of the asset and income tests, we will be deemed to own a proportionate share (based on our capital interest) of the assets of the operating partnership and we will be allocated a proportionate share of each item of gross income of the operating partnership.

 

We, in satisfying the general tests described above, must meet, among others, the following requirements:

 

Share Ownership Tests . The common stock and any other stock we issue must be held by a minimum of 100 persons (determined without attribution to the owners of any entity owning our stock) for at least 335 days in each full taxable year, proportionately adjusted for partial taxable years. In addition, at all times during the second half of each taxable year, no more than 50% in value of our stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (determined with attribution to the owners of any entity owning our stock). However, these two requirements do not apply until after the first taxable year an entity elects REIT status.

 

Our charter contains certain provisions intended to enable us to meet these requirements. First, it contains provisions restricting the transfer of our stock which would result in any person or entity actually, constructively or beneficially acquiring or owning more than 9.8% of our outstanding stock. See “Description of Securities—Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.” Additionally, the distribution reinvestment program contains provisions that prevent it from causing a violation of these tests as do the terms of the options granted to the independent directors. Our charter also contains provisions requiring each holder of our shares to disclose, upon demand, constructive or beneficial ownership of shares as deemed necessary to comply with the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code. Furthermore, stockholders failing or refusing to comply with our disclosure request will be required, under Regulations of the Internal Revenue Code, to submit a statement of such information to the Internal Revenue Service at the time of filing their annual income tax return for the year in which the request was made.

 

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Asset Tests . We must satisfy, at the close of each calendar quarter of the taxable year, two tests based on the composition of our assets. After initially meeting the Asset Tests at the close of any quarter, we will not lose our status as a REIT for failure to satisfy the Asset Tests at the end of a later quarter solely due to changes in value of our assets. In addition, if the failure to satisfy the Asset Tests results from an acquisition during a quarter, the failure can be cured by disposing of nonqualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter. We intend to maintain adequate records of the value of our assets to insure compliance with these tests and will act within 30 days after the close of any quarter as may be required to cure any noncompliance.

 

75% Asset Test . At least 75% of the value of our assets must be represented by “real estate assets,” cash, cash items (including receivables) and government securities. Real estate assets include (i) real property (including interests in real property and interests in mortgages on real property) (ii) shares in other qualifying REITs and (iii) any property (not otherwise a real estate asset) attributable to the temporary investment of “new capital” in stock or a debt instrument, but only for the one-year period beginning on the date we received the new capital. Property will qualify as being attributable to the temporary investment of new capital if the money used to purchase the stock or debt instrument is received by us in exchange for our stock (other than amounts received pursuant to our distribution reinvestment program) or in a public offering of debt obligations that have a maturity of at least five years.

 

Additionally, regular and residual interests in a real estate mortgage investment conduit, known as a REMIC, and regular interests in a financial asset securitization investment trust, known as a FASIT, are considered real estate assets. However, if less than 95% of the assets of a REMIC or FASIT are real estate assets, we will be treated as holding and earning a proportionate share of the assets and income of the REMIC or FASIT directly.

 

We do not currently own interests in real properties but we intend to own such interests in the future. We anticipate that substantially all of our gross income will be from sources that will allow us to satisfy the income tests described above. Furthermore, our purchase contracts for such real properties will apportion no more than 5% of the purchase price of any property to property other than “real property,” as defined in the Internal Revenue Code. However, there can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service may not contest such purchase price allocation. If the Internal Revenue Service were to prevail resulting in more than 5% of the purchase price of property being allocated to other than “real property,” we may be unable to continue to qualify under the 75% Asset Test, and may also be subject to additional taxes, as described below. In addition, we intend to invest funds not used to acquire properties in cash sources, “new capital” investments or other liquid investments which allow us to continue to qualify under the 75% Asset Test. Therefore, our investment in the real properties will constitute “real estate assets” and should allow us to meet the 75% Asset Test.

 

25% Asset Test . The remaining 25% of our assets may generally be invested without restriction. However, if we invest in any securities that do not qualify under the 75% Asset Test, such securities may not exceed either: (i) 5% of the value of our assets as to any one issuer; or (ii) 10% of the outstanding securities by vote or value of any one issuer. A partnership interest held by a REIT is not considered a “security” for purposes of these tests; instead, the REIT is treated as owning directly its proportionate share of the partnership’s assets.

 

Two modifications apply to the 25% Asset Test for “qualified REIT subsidiaries” or “taxable REIT subsidiaries.” As discussed above, the stock of a “qualified REIT subsidiary” is not counted for purposes of the 25% Asset Test. A qualified REIT subsidiary is a corporation that is wholly owned by a REIT throughout the subsidiary’s existence. All assets, liabilities and tax attributes of a qualified REIT subsidiary are treated as belonging to the REIT. A qualified REIT subsidiary is not subject to federal income tax, but may be subject to state or local tax. Although we expect to hold all of our investments through the operating partnership, we may also hold investments separately, through qualified REIT subsidiaries. As described above, a qualified REIT subsidiary must be wholly owned by a REIT. Thus, any such subsidiary utilized by us would have to be owned by us, or another qualified REIT subsidiary, and would not be owned by the operating partnership.

 

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Additionally, a REIT may own the stock of a “taxable REIT subsidiary.” A taxable REIT subsidiary is a corporation (other than another REIT) that is owned in whole or in part by a REIT, and joins in an election with the REIT to be classified as such. A corporation that is 35% owned by a taxable REIT subsidiary will also be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. A taxable REIT subsidiary may not be a qualified REIT subsidiary, and vice versa. As described below regarding the 75% Gross Income Test, a taxable REIT subsidiary is utilized in much the same way an independent contractor is used to provide types of services without causing the REIT to receive or accrue some types of non-qualifying income. For purposes of the 25% Asset Test, securities of a taxable REIT subsidiary are excepted from the 10% vote and value limitations on a REIT’s ownership of securities of a single issuer. However, no more than 20% of the value of a REIT may be represented by securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. In addition to using independent contractors to provide services in connection with the operation of our properties, we may also use taxable REIT subsidiaries to carry out these functions.

 

On October 22, 2004, the President signed into law the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004. Among other things, this legislation contains the following provisions regarding the ability to cure REIT asset test violations.

 

Prior to the new law, a violation of an asset test resulted in loss of REIT status for the year of the violation and a prohibition on reelecting REIT status for another four years, unless the IRS granted a waiver of all or a part of such four-year period. As noted above, a REIT cannot own securities of any one issuer representing more than 5% of the total value of REIT assets or more than 10% of the voting securities or 10% of the value of outstanding securities of any one issuer. Under the new law, a REIT would not lose its REIT status for failing to satisfy these 5% or 10% asset tests in a quarter if the failure is due to the ownership of assets the total value of which does not exceed the lesser of (1) 1% of the total value of the REIT’s assets at the end of the quarter for which the measurement is done; or (2) $10 million, provided in either case that the REIT either disposes of the assets within six months after the last day of the quarter in which the REIT identifies the failure (or such other time period prescribed by the Treasury), or otherwise meets the requirements of those rules by the end of that period.

 

If a REIT fails to meet any of the asset test requirements for a quarter and the failure exceeds the de minimis threshold described above, then the REIT still would be deemed to have satisfied the requirements if (1) following the REIT’s identification of the failure, the REIT files a schedule with a description of each asset that caused the failure, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Treasury; (2) the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect; (3) the REIT disposes of the assets within six months after the last day of the quarter in which the identification occurred or such other time period as is prescribed by the Treasury (or the requirements of the rules are otherwise met within that period); and (4) the REIT pays a tax on the failure equal to the greater of (1) $50,000; or (2) an amount determined (under regulations) by multiplying the highest rate of tax for corporations under section 11 of the Internal Revenue Code, by the net income generated by the assets for the period beginning on the first date of the failure and ending on the date the REIT has disposed of the assets (or otherwise satisfies the requirements).

 

Gross Income Tests . We must satisfy for each calendar year two separate tests based on the composition of our gross income, as defined under our method of accounting.

 

The 75% Gross Income Test . At least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions) must result from (i) rents from real property, (ii) interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property, (iii) gains from the sale or other disposition of real property (including interests in real property and interests in mortgages on real property) other than property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our trade or business, (iv) dividends from other qualifying REITs and gain (other than gain from prohibited transactions) from the sale of shares of other qualifying REITs, (v) other specified investments relating to real property or mortgages thereon, and (vi) for a limited time qualified temporary investment income, as defined under the 75% Asset Test. We intend to invest funds not otherwise invested in real properties in cash sources or other liquid investments which will allow us to qualify under the 75% Gross Income Test.

 

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Income attributable to a lease of real property will generally qualify as “rents from real property” under the 75% Gross Income Test (and the 95% Gross Income Test described below), subject to the rules discussed below:

 

Rent from a particular tenant will not qualify if we, or an owner of 10% or more of our stock, directly or indirectly, owns 10% or more of the voting stock or the total number of shares of all classes of stock in, or 10% or more assets or net profits of, the tenant (unless the tenant is a taxable REIT subsidiary leasing a property at least 90% leased to tenants other than taxable REIT subsidiaries).

 

The portion of rent attributable to personal property rented in connection with real property will not qualify, unless the portion attributable to personal property is 15% or less of the total rent received under, or in connection with, the lease.

 

Generally rent will not qualify if it is based in whole, or in part, on the income or profits of any person from the underlying property. However, rent will not fail to qualify if it is based on a fixed percentage (or designated varying percentages) of receipts or sales, including amounts above a base amount so long as the base amount is fixed at the time the lease is entered into, the provisions are in accordance with normal business practice and the arrangement is not an indirect method for basing rent on income or profits.

 

Rental income will not qualify if we furnish or render services to tenants or manage or operate the underlying property, other than through a permissible “independent contractor” from whom we derive no revenue, or through a taxable REIT subsidiary. This requirement, however, does not apply to the extent that the services, management or operations we provide are “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of space, and are not otherwise considered “rendered to the occupant.”

 

With respect to the last rule, tenants will receive some services in connection with their leases of the real properties. Our intention is that the services to be provided are those usually or customarily rendered in connection with the rental of space, and, therefore, providing these services will not cause the rents received with respect to the properties to fail to qualify as rents from real property for purposes of the 75% Gross Income Test (and the 95% Gross Income Test described below). The board of directors intends to hire qualifying independent contractors or to utilize taxable REIT subsidiaries to render services which it believes, after consultation with Proskauer Rose LLP, are not usually or customarily rendered in connection with the rental of space.

 

In addition, we have represented that with respect to our leasing activities, we will not (1) charge rent for any property that is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person (except by reason of being based on a percentage or percentages of receipts or sales, as described above) (2) charge rent that will be attributable to personal property in an amount greater than 15% of the total rent received under the applicable lease or (3) enter into any lease with a related party tenant.

 

It is possible that we will be paid interest on loans secured by real property. All interest income qualifies under the 95% gross income test, and interest on loans secured by real property qualifies under the 75% gross income test, provided, in both cases, that the interest does not depend, in whole or in part, on the income or profits of any person (other than amounts based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales). If a loan is secured by both real property and other property, all the interest on it will nevertheless qualify under the 75% gross income test if the amount of the loan does not exceed the fair market value of the real property at the time of the loan commitment. All of our loans secured by real property will be structured this way. Therefore, income generated through any investments in loans secured by real property will be treated as qualifying income under the 75% gross income test.

 

The 95% Gross Income Test . In addition to deriving 75% of our gross income from the sources listed above, at least 95% of our gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions) for the taxable year must be derived from (i) sources which satisfy the 75% Gross Income Test, (ii) dividends, (iii) interest, or (iv) gain from the sale or disposition of stock or other securities that are not assets held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our trade or business. It is important to note that dividends and interest on obligations not

 

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collateralized by an interest in real property qualify under the 95% Gross Income Test, but not under the 75% Gross Income Test. We intend to invest funds not otherwise invested in properties in cash sources or other liquid investments which will allow us to qualify under the 95% Gross Income Test.

 

Our share of income from the properties will primarily give rise to rental income and gains on sales of the properties, substantially all of which will generally qualify under the 75% Gross Income and 95% Gross Income Tests. Our anticipated operations indicate that it is likely that we will have little or no nonqualifying income to cause adverse federal income tax consequences.

 

As described above, we may establish one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries with whom we could enter into leases for any properties we may invest in. The gross income generated by these taxable REIT subsidiaries would not be included in our gross income. However, we would realize gross income from these subsidiaries in the form of rents. In addition, any dividends from taxable REIT subsidiaries to us would be included in our gross income and qualify for the 95% income test.

 

If we fail to satisfy either the 75% Gross Income or 95% Gross Income Tests for any taxable year, we may retain our status as a REIT for such year if we satisfy the Internal Revenue Service that: (i) the failure was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, (ii) we attach to our return a schedule describing the nature and amount of each item of our gross income, and (iii) any incorrect information on such schedule was not due to fraud with intent to evade federal income tax. If this relief provision is available, we would remain subject to tax equal to the greater of the amount by which we failed the 75% Gross Income Test or the 95% Gross Income Test multiplied by a fraction meant to reflect our profitability.

 

Annual Distribution Requirements . In addition to the other tests described above, we are required to distribute dividends (other than capital gain dividends) to the stockholders each year in an amount at least equal to the excess of: (1) the sum of: (a) 90% of our REIT Taxable Income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and by excluding any net capital gain); and (b) 90% of the net income (after tax) from foreclosure property; less (2) the sum of some types of items of non-cash income. Whether sufficient amounts have been distributed is based on amounts paid in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if we: (1) declared a dividend before the due date of our tax return (including extensions), (2) distribute the dividend within the 12-month period following the close of the taxable year (and not later than the date of the first regular dividend payment made after such declaration), and (3) file an election with our tax return. Additionally, dividends that we declare in October, November or December in a given year payable to stockholders of record in any such month will be treated as having been paid on December 31 of that year so long as the dividends are actually paid during January of the following year. If we fail to meet the annual distribution requirements as a result of an adjustment to our federal income tax return by the Internal Revenue Service, or under certain other circumstances, we may cure the failure by paying a “deficiency dividend” (plus penalties and interest to the Internal Revenue Service) within a specified period.

 

If we do not distribute at least 90% of our REIT Taxable Income, we will be subject to federal income tax on the undistributed portion. We will also be subject to an excise tax if we fail to currently distribute sufficient income. In order to make the “required distribution” with respect to a calendar year, we must distribute the sum of (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the calendar year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the calendar year, and (3) the excess, if any, of the grossed up required distribution for the preceding calendar year over the distributed amount for that preceding calendar year. Any excise tax liability would be equal to 4% of the difference between the amount required to be distributed under this formula and the amount actually distributed.

 

We intend to pay sufficient dividends each year to satisfy the annual distribution requirements and avoid federal income tax on net capital gains. It is possible that we may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet the annual distribution requirements due to tax accounting rules and other timing differences. We will closely monitor the relationship between our REIT Taxable Income and cash flow and, if necessary to comply with the annual distribution requirements, will borrow funds to fully provide the necessary cash flow.

 

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Failure to Qualify . If we fail to qualify for federal income tax purposes as a REIT in any taxable year, we may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. If the applicable relief provisions are not available or cannot be met, we will not be able to deduct our dividends and will be subject to federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, thereby reducing cash available for distributions. In such event, all distributions to stockholders (to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits) will be taxable as ordinary income. This “double taxation” results from our failure to qualify as a REIT. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we will not be eligible to elect REIT status for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost.

 

Prohibited transactions . As discussed above, we will be subject to a 100% federal income tax on any net income derived from “prohibited transactions.” Net income derived from prohibited transactions arises from the sale or exchange of property held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our business which is not foreclosure property. There is an exception to this rule for the sale of property that:

 

    is a real estate asset under the 75% Asset Test;

 

    has been held for at least four years;

 

    has aggregate expenditures which are includable in the basis of the property not in excess of 30% of the net selling price;

 

    in some cases, was held for production of rental income for at least four years;

 

    in some cases, substantially all of the marketing and development expenditures were made through an independent contractor; and

 

    when combined with other sales in the year, either does not cause the REIT to have made more than seven sales of property during the taxable year, or occurs in a year when the REIT disposes of less than 10% of its assets (measured by federal income tax basis and ignoring involuntary dispositions and sales of foreclosure property).

 

Although we will eventually sell each of the properties, our primary intention in acquiring and operating the properties is the production of rental income and we do not expect to hold any property for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our business. As a general matter, any condominium conversions we might undertake must satisfy these restrictions to avoid being “prohibited transactions,” which will limit the annual number of transactions.

 

Characterization of Property Leases . We may purchase either new or existing properties and lease them to tenants. Our ability to claim certain tax benefits associated with ownership of these properties, such as depreciation, would depend on a determination that the lease transactions are true leases, under which we would be the owner of the leased property for federal income tax purposes, rather than a conditional sale of the property or a financing transaction. A determination by the Internal Revenue Service that we are not the owner of any properties for federal income tax purposes may have adverse consequences to us, such as the denial of depreciation deductions (which could affect the determination of our REIT Taxable Income subject to the distribution requirements) or the aggregate value of our assets invested in real estate (which could affect REIT asset testing).

 

Tax Aspects Of Investments In Partnerships

 

General . We anticipate holding direct or indirect interests in one or more partnerships, including the operating partnership. We intend to operate as an Umbrella Partnership REIT, or UPREIT, which is a structure

 

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whereby we would own a direct interest in the operating partnership, and the operating partnership would, in turn, own the properties and may possibly own interests in other non-corporate entities that own properties. Such non-corporate entities would generally be organized as limited liability companies, partnerships or trusts and would either be disregarded for federal income tax purposes (if the operating partnership was the sole owner) or treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes. The following is a summary of the federal income tax consequences of our investment in the operating partnership. This discussion should also generally apply to any investment by us in a property partnership or other non-corporate entity.

 

A partnership (that is not a publicly traded partnership) is not subject to tax as an entity for federal income tax purposes. Rather, partners are allocated their proportionate share of the items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the partnership, and are potentially subject to tax thereon, without regard to whether the partners receive any distributions from the partnership. We will be required to take into account our allocable share of the foregoing items for purposes of the various REIT gross income and asset tests, and in the computation of our REIT Taxable Income and federal income tax liability. Further, there can be no assurance that distributions from the operating partnership will be sufficient to pay the tax liabilities resulting from an investment in the operating partnership.

 

Generally, for entities formed after January 1, 1997, an entity with two or more members formed as a partnership or limited liability company under state law will be taxed as a partnership for federal income tax purposes unless it specifically elects otherwise. Because the operating partnership was formed as a partnership under state law after January 1, 1997 and will have two or more partners, the operating partnership will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. Additionally, the operating partnership (and any partnership invested in by the operating partnership) will not be treated as a publicly traded partnership within the meaning of Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code, which is taxed as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. The interests in the operating partnership (and any partnership invested in by the operating partnership) will fall within one of the “safe harbors” for the partnership to avoid being classified as a publicly traded partnership. However, our ability to satisfy the requirements of some of these safe harbors depends on the results of our actual operations.

 

If for any reason the operating partnership (or any partnership invested in by the operating partnership) is taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, the character of our assets and items of gross income would change, and, as a result, we would most likely be unable to satisfy the applicable requirements under federal income tax laws discussed above. In addition, any change in the status of any partnership may be treated as a taxable event, in which case we could incur a tax liability without a related cash distribution. Further, if any partnership was treated as a corporation, items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of such partnership would be subject to corporate income tax. The partners of any such partnership would be treated as stockholders, with distributions to such partners being treated as dividends.

 

Final anti-abuse Treasury regulations have been issued under the partnership provisions of the Internal Revenue Code that authorize the Internal Revenue Service, in some abusive transactions involving partnerships, to disregard the form of a transaction and recast it as it deems appropriate. The anti-abuse regulations apply where a partnership is utilized in connection with a transaction (or series of related transactions) with a principal purpose of substantially reducing the present value of the partners’ aggregate federal tax liability in a manner inconsistent with the intent of the partnership provisions. The anti-abuse regulations contain an example in which a REIT contributes the proceeds of a public offering to a partnership in exchange for a general partnership interest. The limited partners contribute real property assets to the partnership, subject to liabilities that exceed their respective aggregate bases in such property. The example concludes that the use of the partnership is not inconsistent with the intent of the partnership provisions and, thus, cannot be recast by the Internal Revenue Service. However, the anti-abuse regulations are extraordinarily broad in scope and are applied based on an analysis of all the facts and circumstances. As a result, we cannot assure you that the Internal Revenue Service will not attempt to apply the anti-abuse regulations to us. Any such action could potentially jeopardize our status as a REIT and materially affect the tax consequences and economic return resulting from an investment in us.

 

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Income taxation of the partnerships and their partners . In general, no gain or loss will be recognized by either the operating partnership or by the contributing partner on the transfer of a property in exchange for units in the partnership. Gain (but not loss) may be recognized by the transferring partner if the partner receives consideration other than units, if liabilities of the partner are assumed by the partnership in connection with the transfer of the property, if the transfer is treated as a disguised sale, and in other circumstances.

 

A partner’s adjusted basis in operating partnership units (the calculation of which is discussed below) is important for a number of reasons. The amount of losses and deductions allocated to a partner cannot exceed the partner’s adjusted basis. Any excess loss deduction allocated to a partner is suspended indefinitely until the partner has sufficient additional basis. In addition, the amount of gain or loss recognized on distributions to the partner, the adjusted basis of property distributed to the partner from the partnership, and the gain or loss recognized by a partner on the sale or other disposition of units are all calculated based on the partner’s adjusted basis in the units.

 

The initial basis of units in the operating partnership is equal to: (1) the sum of the adjusted basis of any property contributed to the partnership and the amount of any money contributed (or deemed contributed); (2) less the amount of money distributed (or deemed distributed) to the partner by the operating partnership in connection with the contribution. For purposes of these rules, the assumption of a partnership liability by a partner is treated as a deemed cash contribution by the partner; the assumption of a partner’s liability by the partnership is treated as a deemed cash distribution to the partner. Basis in units acquired through other means is calculated under other rules. In addition, other rules such as the disguised sale rules, may affect the basis of the partner’s units.

 

A partner’s initial basis in partnership units will be adjusted as follows. Basis is increased to reflect: (1) the partner’s distributive share of the taxable income of the operating partnership, and (2) the amount of any additional capital contributions made by the partner. Basis is reduced to reflect: (1) the amount of cash distributed (or deemed distributed) to the partner, (2) the adjusted basis of any partnership property distributed to the partner, and (3) the partner’s distributive share of the losses, deductions and nondeductible expenditures of the partnership that are not properly chargeable to a capital account. Finally, the basis of a unit is adjusted to reflect the partner’s share of the partnership’s liabilities. This allocation is made solely for tax purposes under federal income tax regulations. Allocations of partnership liabilities for basis purposes do not affect the limited liability of limited partners in the operating partnership.

 

Although a partnership agreement will generally determine the allocation of a partnership’s income and losses among the partners, such allocations may be disregarded for federal income tax purposes under Section 704(b) of the Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury regulations. If any allocation is not recognized for tax purposes, the item subject to the allocation will be reallocated in accordance with the partners’ economic interests in the partnership. We believe that the allocations of taxable income and loss in the operating partnership agreement comply with the requirements of Section 704(b) of the Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury regulations.

 

For a description of allocations by the operating partnership to the partners, see the section “Operating Partnership Agreement.”

 

In some cases special allocations of net profits or net losses will be required to comply with the federal income tax principles governing partnership tax allocations.

 

Additionally, pursuant to Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code, income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to property contributed to the operating partnership in exchange for units must be allocated in a manner so that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, the unrealized gain or loss attributable to the property at the time of contribution. The amount of such unrealized gain or loss is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value and the adjusted basis of the property at the time of contribution. These

 

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allocations are designed to eliminate book-tax differences by allocating to contributing partners lower amounts of depreciation deductions and increased taxable income and gain attributable to the contributed property than would ordinarily be the case for economic or book purposes. With respect to any property purchased by the operating partnership subsequent to our formation, such property will generally have an initial tax basis equal to its fair market value and, accordingly, Section 704(c) will not apply. The application of the principles of Section 704(c) in tiered partnership arrangements is not entirely clear. Accordingly, the Internal Revenue Service may assert a different allocation method than the one selected by the operating partnership to cure any book-tax differences.

 

For federal income tax purposes, depreciation deductions will be computed using the straight-line method. Commercial buildings, structural components and improvements are generally depreciated over 40 years. Some improvements to land are depreciated over 15 years. With respect to such improvements, however, taxpayers may elect to depreciate these improvements over 20 years using the straight-line method. For properties transferred to the operating partnership, depreciation deductions are calculated based on the transferor’s basis and depreciation method. For property acquired by a transferor prior to May 13, 1993, different depreciation methods may apply. Because depreciation deductions are based on the transferor’s basis in the contributed property, the operating partnership generally would be entitled to less depreciation than if the properties were purchased in a taxable transaction. The burden of lower depreciation will generally fall first on the contributing partner, but may also reduce the depreciation allocated to other partners.

 

Gain on the sale or other disposition of depreciable property is characterized as ordinary income (rather than capital gain) to the extent of any depreciation recapture. Buildings and improvements depreciated under the straight-line method of depreciation are generally not subject to depreciation recapture unless the property was held for less than one year. However, individuals, trusts and estates that hold shares either directly or through a pass-through entity may be subject to tax on the disposition on such assets at a rate of 25% rather than at the normal capital gains rate, to the extent that such assets have been depreciated.

 

Some expenses incurred in the conduct of the operating partnership’s activities may not be deducted in the year they were paid. To the extent this occurs, the taxable income of the operating partnership may exceed its cash receipts for the year in which the expense is paid. As discussed above, the costs of acquiring properties must generally be recovered through depreciation deductions over a number of years. Prepaid interest and loan fees, and prepaid management fees are other examples of expenses that may not be deducted in the year they were paid.

 

Tax Consequences of Disposition of Units . If a unit in the operating partnership is sold or disposed of in a transaction treated as a sale for federal income tax purposes, the unit holder will generally recognize gain or loss based on the difference between the amount realized for tax purposes and the holder’s adjusted basis in the unit. The amount realized will be equal to the sum of the cash and the fair market value of other property received plus the amount of any liabilities of the operating partnership allocated to the unit holder. It is possible that the amount of gain recognized, or the tax imposed on the disposition, could exceed the amount of cash and/or value of any property received. In general, gain recognized on the sale of a unit will be treated as capital gain. To the extent that the unit holder’s amount realized on the transaction is attributable to the unit holder’s share of inventory or unrealized receivables of the operating partnership, such portion may be recharacterized as ordinary income.

 

Tax Consequences of Exercise of Exchange Rights . Subject to some restrictions, the operating partnership agreement gives holders of limited partnership units the right to exchange their units into cash, subject to our right to pay for the units with shares of common stock rather than with cash. The exchange of units into shares is treated as a taxable sale of the units to us on which the unit owners will generally recognize capital gain or loss. To the extent that the unit holder’s amount realized on the transaction is attributable to the unit holder’s share of inventory or unrealized receivables of the operating partnership, such portion may be recharacterized as ordinary income. No gain or loss will be recognized by us. Our basis in the units will be increased by the amount of cash and the market price of the shares used to acquire the units, and will be adjusted to reflect changes in the liabilities of the operating partnership allocated to us as a result of acquiring the units.

 

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Termination of the Operating Partnership . The operating partnership will be considered as having terminated for federal income tax purposes if either: (1) no part of any business of the partnership continues to be carried on, or (2) within a 12 month period there is a sale or exchange of units representing 50% or more of the total ownership in the operating partnership. The operating partnership would be considered as having terminated solely for tax purposes and the termination would not result in an actual liquidation or dissolution of the operating partnership for state law purposes. It is unlikely that the operating partnership would terminate as a result of a sale of 50% or more of the operating partnership’s total ownership. Provisions in the operating partnership agreement specifically prohibit transfers of units (and any exercise of exchange rights) that would cause such a termination.

 

The termination of the operating partnership for federal income tax purposes would cause its taxable year to close. This may cause a “bunching” of income if the operating partnership’s taxable year is different from that of its partners; however, both we and the operating partnership intend to use the calendar taxable year. Additional tax consequences may result from a deemed termination. A deemed termination may also cause the operating partnership to reset its periods for depreciation and amortization, and to remake other tax elections, all of which could result in further tax consequences. Termination of the operating partnership generally would also cause a deemed termination of every non-corporate entity in which the operating partnership had a majority interest, with similar consequences.

 

Federal Income Taxation of Stockholders

 

Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders . As long as we qualify as a REIT, distributions paid to our domestic stockholders out of current or accumulated earnings and profits (and not designated as capital gain dividends) will be ordinary dividend income. Generally, a domestic stockholder is any person other than a nonresident alien individual, a foreign trust or estate or a foreign partnership or corporation. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits are treated first as a tax-deferred return of capital to the stockholder, reducing the stockholder’s tax basis in his or her common stock by the amount of such distribution, and then as capital gain. Because our earnings and profits are reduced for depreciation and other noncash items, it is possible that a portion of each distribution will constitute a tax-deferred return of capital. Additionally, because distributions in excess of earnings and profits reduce the stockholder’s basis in our stock, this will increase the stockholder’s gain on any subsequent sale of the stock.

 

Dividend income is characterized as “portfolio” income under the passive loss rules and cannot be offset by a stockholder’s current or suspended passive losses. Corporate stockholders cannot claim the dividends received deduction for such dividends unless we lose our REIT status. Distributions that are designated as capital gain dividends will be taxed as long-term capital gains to the extent they do not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year. However, corporate stockholders may be required to treat up to 20% of some types of capital gain dividends as ordinary income. Although stockholders generally recognize taxable income in the year that a distribution is received, any distribution we declare in October, November or December of any year and is payable to a stockholder of record on a specific date in any such month will be treated as both paid by us and received by the stockholder on December 31 of the year it was declared even if paid by us during January of the following calendar year. Because we are not a pass-through entity for federal income tax purposes, stockholders may not use any of our operating or capital losses to reduce their tax liabilities. We may also decide to retain, rather than distribute, our net long-term capital gains and pay any tax thereon. In this case, stockholders would include their proportionate shares of such gains in income, receive a credit on their returns for their proportionate share of our tax payments, and increase the tax basis of their shares of stock by the after-tax amount of such gain.

 

In general, the sale of our common stock held for more than 12 months will produce long-term capital gain or loss. All other sales will produce short-term gain or loss. In each case, the gain or loss is equal to the difference between the amount of cash and fair market value of any property received from the sale and the stockholder’s basis in the common stock sold. However, any loss from a sale or exchange of common stock by a stockholder who has held such stock for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss, to the extent of our distributions that the stockholder treated as long-term capital gains.

 

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We will report to our domestic stockholders and to the Internal Revenue Service the amount of dividends paid during each calendar year, and the amount (if any) of federal income tax we withhold. A stockholder may be subject to backup withholding with respect to dividends paid unless such stockholder: (a) is a corporation or comes within other exempt categories; or (b) provides us with a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption, and otherwise complies with applicable requirements. A stockholder that does not provide us with its correct taxpayer identification number may also be subject to penalties imposed by the Internal Revenue Service. Any amount paid as backup withholding can be credited against the stockholder’s federal income tax liability. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of distributions made to any stockholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status to us. See “—Taxation of Foreign Stockholders” in this section.

 

Legislative Changes . On May 28, 2003, the President signed into law the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003. The Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 generally reduces the maximum tax rate applicable to you on capital gains recognized on the sale or other disposition of shares from 20% to 15%.

 

The Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 also generally reduces the maximum marginal rate of tax payable by individuals on dividends received from corporations that are subject to a corporate level of tax. Except in limited circumstances, this reduced tax rate will not apply to dividends paid to you by us, because generally we are not subject to federal income tax on the portion of our REIT taxable income or capital gains distributed to our stockholders. The reduced maximum federal income tax rate will apply to that portion, if any, of dividends received by you that are attributable to:

 

    dividends received by us from non-REIT corporations or taxable REIT subsidiaries;

 

    income from the prior year with respect to which we were required to pay federal corporate income tax during the prior year (if, for example, we did not distribute 100% of our REIT taxable income for the prior year); and

 

    distributions by us that we designate as long-term capital gains dividends (except for certain distributions taxable to you at a maximum rate of 25%).

 

The dividend and capital gains tax rate reductions provided in the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 generally are effective for taxable years ending on or after May 6, 2003 through December 31, 2008. Without future legislative changes, the maximum long-term capital gains and dividend rates discussed above will increase in 2009.

 

Although this legislation does not adversely affect the taxation of real estate investment trusts or dividends paid by real estate investment trusts, the more favorable treatment of regular corporate dividends could cause investors who are individuals to consider stocks of other corporations that pay dividends to be more attractive relative to stocks of real estate investment trusts. It is not possible to predict whether this change in perceived relative value will occur, or what the effect will be on the market price of our stock.

 

The rules dealing with federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. Changes to the federal tax laws and interpretations of federal tax laws could adversely affect an investment in us.

 

Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders . Our distributions to a stockholder that is a domestic tax-exempt entity should not constitute unrelated business taxable income, or UBTI, unless the stockholder borrows funds (or otherwise incurs acquisition indebtedness within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code) to acquire its common shares, or the common shares are otherwise used in an unrelated trade or business of the tax-exempt entity.

 

Special rules apply to the ownership of REIT shares by some tax-exempt pension trusts. If we would fail to satisfy the “five or fewer” share ownership test (discussed above with respect to the Share Ownership tests) because the stock held by tax-exempt pension trusts was viewed as being held by the trusts rather than by their

 

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respective beneficiaries, tax-exempt pension trusts owning more than 10% by value of our stock may be required to treat a percentage of our dividends as UBTI. This rule applies if: (1) at least one tax-exempt pension trust owns more than 25% by value of our shares, or (2) one or more tax-exempt pension trusts (each owning more than 10% by value of our shares) hold in the aggregate more than 50% by value of our shares. The percentage treated as UBTI is our gross income (less direct expenses) derived from an unrelated trade or business (determined as if we were a tax-exempt pension trust) divided by our gross income from all sources (less direct expenses). If this percentage is less than 5%, however, none of the dividends will be treated as UBTI. Because of the restrictions in our charter regarding the ownership concentration of our common stock, we believe that a tax-exempt pension trust should not become subject to these rules. However, because our common shares may be publicly traded, we can give no assurance of this.

 

Prospective tax-exempt purchasers should consult their own tax advisors as to the applicability of these rules and consequences to their particular circumstances.

 

Taxation of Foreign Stockholders . The rules governing the federal income taxation of nonresident alien individuals, foreign corporations, foreign partnerships and other foreign stockholders (collectively, “Non-U.S. Stockholder”) are complex and no attempt will be made herein to provide more than a summary of such rules. Non-U.S. investors should consult with their own tax advisors to determine the impact that federal, state and local income tax or similar laws will have on them as a result of an investment in our REIT.

 

Distributions—In General. Distributions paid by us that are not attributable to gain from our sales or exchanges of United States real property interests and not designated by us as capital gain dividends will be treated as dividends of ordinary income to the extent that they are made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Such dividends to Non-U.S. Stockholders ordinarily will be subject to a withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of the dividend unless an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates that tax. However, if income from the investment in the common shares is treated as effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Stockholder’s conduct of a United States trade or business, the Non-U.S. Stockholder generally will be subject to a tax at the graduated rates applicable to ordinary income, in the same manner as U.S. stockholders are taxed with respect to such dividends (and may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a stockholder that is a foreign corporation that is not entitled to any treaty exemption). Dividends in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a stockholder to the extent they do not exceed the adjusted basis of the stockholder’s shares. Instead, they will reduce the adjusted basis of such shares. To the extent that such dividends exceed the adjusted basis of a Non-U.S. Stockholder’s shares, they will give rise to tax liability if the Non-U.S. Stockholder would otherwise be subject to tax on any gain from the sale or disposition of his shares, as described in “—Sale of Shares” below.

 

Distributions Attributable to Sale or Exchange of Real Property. Distributions that are attributable to gain from our sales or exchanges of United States real property interests will be taxed to a Non-U.S. Stockholder as if such gain were effectively connected with a United States trade or business. Non-U.S. Stockholders would thus be taxed at the normal capital gain rates applicable to U.S. stockholders, and would be subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals. Also, such dividends may be subject to a 30% branch profits tax in the hands of a corporate Non-U.S. Stockholder not entitled to any treaty exemption.

 

Under the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, a capital gain distribution from a REIT is not treated as effectively connected income for a foreign investor if (1) the distribution is received with regard to a class of stock that is regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States; and (2) the foreign investor does not own more than 5% of the class of stock at any time during the tax year within which the distribution is received. However, it is not anticipated that our shares will be “regularly traded” on an established securities market, and therefore this exception is not expected to apply.

 

Tax Withholding on Distributions. For withholding tax purposes, we will generally withhold tax at the rate of 30% on the amount of any distribution (other than distributions designated as capital gain dividends) made to a

 

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Non-U.S. Stockholder, unless the Non-U.S. Stockholder provides us with a properly completed Internal Revenue Service (i) Form W-8BEN evidencing that such Non-U.S. Stockholder is eligible for an exemption or reduced rate under an applicable tax treaty (in which case we will withhold at the lower treaty rate) or (ii) Form W-8ECI claiming that the dividend is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Stockholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (in which case we will not withhold tax). We are also generally required to withhold tax at the rate of 35% on the portion of any dividend to a Non-U.S. Stockholder that is or could be designated by us as a capital gain dividend, to the extent attributable to gain on a sale or exchange of an interest in U.S. real property. Such withheld amounts of tax do not represent actual tax liabilities but, rather, represent payments in respect of those tax liabilities described in the preceding two paragraphs. Thus, such withheld amounts are creditable by the Non-U.S. Stockholder against its actual U.S. federal income tax liabilities, including those described in the preceding two paragraphs. The Non-U.S. Stockholder would be entitled to a refund of any amounts withheld in excess of such Non-U.S. Stockholder’s actual U.S. federal income tax liabilities, provided that the Non-U.S. Stockholder files applicable returns or refund claims with the IRS.

 

Sales of Shares. Gain recognized by a Non-U.S. Stockholder upon a sale of shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation, provided that: (i) such gain is not effectively connected with the conduct by such Non-U.S. Stockholder of a trade or business within the United States; (ii) the Non-U.S. Stockholder is not present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions apply; and (iii) our REIT is a “domestically controlled REIT,” which generally means that less than 50% in value of our shares continues to be held directly or indirectly by foreign persons during a continuous 5-year period ending on the date of disposition or, if shorter, during the entire period of our existence.

 

We cannot assure you that we will qualify as a “domestically controlled” REIT. If we were not a domestically controlled REIT, a Non-U.S. Stockholder’s sale of common shares would be subject to tax, unless the common shares were regularly traded on an established securities market and the selling Non-U.S. Stockholder has not directly, or indirectly, owned during a specified testing period more than 5% in value of our common shares. However, it is not anticipated that the common shares will be “regularly traded” on an established market. If the gain on the sale of shares were to be subject to taxation, the Non-U.S. Stockholder would be subject to the same treatment as U.S. stockholders with respect to such gain, and the purchaser of such common shares may be required to withhold 10% of the gross purchase price.

 

If the proceeds of a disposition of common stock are paid by or through a U.S. office of a broker-dealer, the payment is generally subject to information reporting and to backup withholding unless the disposing foreign stockholder certifies as to its name, address and non-U.S. status or otherwise establishes an exemption. Generally, U.S. information reporting and backup withholding will not apply to a payment of disposition proceeds if the payment is made outside the U.S. through a foreign office of a foreign broker-dealer. Under Treasury regulations, if the proceeds from a disposition of common stock paid to or through a foreign office of a U.S. broker-dealer or a non-U.S. office of a foreign broker-dealer that is (i) a “controlled foreign corporation” for federal income tax purposes, (ii) a person 50% or more of whose gross income from all sources for a three-year period was effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, (iii) a foreign partnership with one or more partners who are U.S. persons and who in the aggregate hold more than 50% of the income or capital interest in the partnership, or (iv) a foreign partnership engaged in the conduct of a trade or business in the United States, then (i) backup withholding will not apply unless the broker-dealer has actual knowledge that the owner is not a foreign stockholder, and (ii) information reporting will not apply if the foreign stockholder certifies its status as a foreign stockholder and further certifies that it has not been, and at the time the certificate is furnished reasonably expects not to be, present in the United States for a period aggregating 183 days or more during each calendar year to which the certification pertains. Prospective foreign purchasers should consult their tax advisors concerning these rules.

 

Other Tax Considerations

 

Distribution Reinvestment Program . Stockholders who participate in the distribution reinvestment program will recognize taxable dividend income in the amount they would have received had they elected not to

 

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participate, even though they receive no cash. These deemed dividends will be treated as actual dividends from us to the participating stockholders and will retain the character and federal income tax effects applicable to all dividends. See “Taxation of Stockholders” in this section. Stock received under the program will have a holding period beginning with the day after purchase, and a federal income tax basis equal to its cost, which is the gross amount of the deemed distribution.

 

State And Local Taxes . We and you may be subject to state or local taxation in various jurisdictions, including those in which we transact business or reside. Our and your state and local tax treatment may not conform to the federal income tax consequences discussed above. Consequently, you should consult your own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws on an investment in the common shares.

 

Foreign taxes . Various of our subsidiaries and entities in which we and our subsidiaries invest may be subject to taxation in various foreign jurisdictions. Each of the parties will pay any such foreign taxes prior to payment of any dividends. Each entity will attempt to minimize the amount of such taxes, but there can be no assurance whether or the extent to which measures taken to minimize taxes will be successful. To the extent that any of these entities is required to pay foreign taxes, the cash available for distribution to our stockholders will be reduced accordingly.

 

You should consult your own advisor regarding the specific foreign tax consequences of the purchase, ownership, and sales of our common shares, and of potential changes in applicable foreign tax laws.

 

Legislative Proposals . You should recognize that our and your present federal income tax treatment may be modified by legislative, judicial or administrative actions at any time, which may be retroactive in effect. The rules dealing with federal income taxation are constantly under review by Congress, the Internal Revenue Service and the Treasury Department, and statutory changes as well as promulgation of new regulations, revisions to existing statutes, and revised interpretations of established concepts occur frequently. We are not currently aware of any pending legislation that would materially affect our or your taxation as described in this prospectus. You should, however, consult your advisors concerning the status of legislative proposals that may pertain to a purchase of common shares.

 

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ERISA CONSIDERATIONS

 

The following is a summary of material considerations arising under ERISA and the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and of Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code that may be relevant to a prospective purchaser of the shares. This discussion does not address all aspects of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code or, to the extent not pre-empted by ERISA, state law that may be relevant to particular employee benefit plan stockholders (including plans subject to Title I of ERISA, other employee benefit plans and IRAs subject to the prohibited transaction provisions of Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, and governmental plans and church plans that are exempt from ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code but that may be subject to state law and other Internal Revenue Code requirements) in light of their particular circumstances.

 

General Investment Considerations

 

A plan fiduciary making the decision to invest in shares is advised to consult its own legal advisor regarding the specific considerations arising under ERISA, Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, and (to the extent not pre-empted by ERISA) state law with respect to the purchase, ownership, or sale of shares. Plan fiduciaries should also consider the entire discussion under the preceding section entitled “Federal Income Tax Considerations,” as material contained therein is relevant to any decision by a plan to purchase the shares.

 

In considering whether to invest a portion of the assets of a plan in shares, plan fiduciaries should consider, among other things, whether the investment:

 

    will be in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the plan;

 

    will allow the plan to satisfy the diversification requirements of ERISA, if applicable;

 

    will result in UBTI to the plan (see “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of Stockholders—Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders”);

 

    will be sufficiently liquid;

 

    is prudent under ERISA; and

 

    is for the exclusive purpose of providing benefits to participants and their beneficiaries.

 

The fiduciary of a plan not subject to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, such as a governmental or church plan, should consider that such a plan may be subject to prohibitions against some related-party transactions under Section 503 of the Internal Revenue Code, which operate similar to the prohibited transaction rules of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code. In addition, the fiduciary of any such plan must consider applicable state or local laws, if any, and the restrictions and duties of common law, if any, imposed upon such plan. We express no opinion on whether an investment in shares is appropriate or permissible for any plan under Section 503 of the Internal Revenue Code, or under any state, county, local, or other law respecting such plan.

 

Regulation Under ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code

 

In addition to imposing general fiduciary standards of investment prudence and diversification on persons who are plan fiduciaries, ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code prohibit certain transactions involving “plan assets” and persons who have specified relationships to the plan (“parties in interest” under ERISA and “disqualified persons” under the Internal Revenue Code).

 

A prohibited transaction may occur if our assets are deemed to be assets of a benefit plan (i.e., the “look-through rule”) which invests in shares and thereafter a “party in interest” or a “disqualified person” deals with the assets in a manner not permitted under ERISA or the Internal Revenue Code. Under such circumstances, any person that exercises authority or control with respect to the management or disposition of plan assets is a plan

 

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fiduciary and, therefore, is a “party in interest” and a “disqualified person” capable of participating in a prohibited transaction with the plan. Thus, the action of an employee of ours in dealing with our assets could cause a plan which invests in our shares to be a participant in a prohibited transaction.

 

Regulations Issued by the Department of Labor

 

While the term “plan assets” is not defined by ERISA or the Internal Revenue Code, the Department of Labor, or the DOL, issued regulations that provide guidance on the circumstances under which a plan’s investment in shares will be subject to the “look-through rule” and thus turn our assets into plan assets. The DOL regulations provide exceptions to the “look-through rule.” Under the DOL regulation, an exception exists for investments in a “publicly-offered security.” A “publicly-offered security” is a security that is:

 

    part of a class of securities that is “widely held,”

 

    “freely transferable,” and

 

    either part of a class of securities registered under Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or sold to the plan as part of an offering of securities to the public pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933 provided the securities are registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 within the requisite time.

 

The DOL regulations provide that a security is “widely-held” only if it is part of a class of securities that is owned by 100 or more investors independent of the issuer and of one another. A security will not fail to be “widely-held” because the number of independent investors falls below 100 subsequent to the initial offering as a result of events beyond the issuer’s control. We represent that the shares will be held by over 100 investors independent of us and of one another and, therefore, should be considered “widely-held.”

 

The DOL regulations further provide that whether a security is “freely-transferable” is a factual question to be determined on the basis of all relevant facts and circumstances. The DOL regulations state that generally, when a security is part of an offering in which the minimum investment is $10,000 or less, as is the case with this offering, some restrictions ordinarily will not, alone or in combination, affect the determination of the finding that such securities are “freely-transferable.” The DOL regulations indicate that a restriction or prohibition against a transfer or assignment which would result in a termination or reclassification of an entity for federal or state income tax purposes will not affect the determination of whether securities are “freely transferable.” The ownership limits imposed under our charter on the transfer of the shares are designed to prevent violations of the five or fewer requirement of federal income tax laws (which would cause a termination of REIT status for tax purposes) or are otherwise permitted under the DOL regulations and, therefore, we represent that there will be no restrictions imposed on the transfer of shares that will cause the shares to fail to be “freely-transferable.”

 

The DOL regulations are interpretive in nature and, therefore, no assurance can be given that the DOL will not conclude that the shares are not “freely-transferable,” or not “widely-held.” However, since the shares will be sold as part of an offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933 and they will be timely registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each as amended, we believe that the shares are “publicly offered securities” for purposes of the DOL regulations and that:

 

    our assets will not be deemed to be “plan assets” of any plan that invests in the shares; and

 

    any person who exercises authority or control with respect to our assets should not be treated as a plan fiduciary of any plan that invests in the shares, for purposes of the prohibited transaction rules of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

Other Prohibited Transactions

 

In addition, a prohibited transaction may also occur under ERISA or the Internal Revenue Code where there are circumstances indicating that:

 

    investment in the shares is made or retained for the purposes of avoiding application of the fiduciary standard of ERISA;

 

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    the investment in the REIT constitutes an arrangement under which it is expected that the REIT will engage in transactions which would otherwise be prohibited if entered into directly by the plan purchasing the shares;

 

    the investing plan, by itself, has the authority or influence to cause the REIT to engage in such transactions; or

 

    the person who is prohibited from transacting with the investing plan may, but only with the aid of its affiliates and the investing plan, cause the REIT to engage in such transactions with such person.

 

In any event, a fiduciary or other person investing “plan assets” of any plan should not purchase shares, unless an exemption is available, if we or any of our affiliates either:

 

    have investment discretion with respect to the investment of such assets; or

 

    have authority or responsibility to give or regularly gives investment advice with respect to such assets, for a fee, pursuant to an agreement or understanding that such advice will serve as a primary basis for investment decisions with respect to such assets and that such advice will be based on the particular investment needs of such plan.

 

Any such purchase might result in a non-exempt prohibited transaction under ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

Insurance Companies

 

An insurance company considering an investment in shares should consider whether its general account may be deemed to include assets of the plans investing in the general account, for example, through the purchase of an annuity contract. In John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Harris Trust and Savings Bank, 510 U.S. 86 (1993), the United States Supreme Court held that assets held in an insurance company’s general account may be deemed to be the plan assets under certain circumstances. In that event, the insurance company might be treated as a party in interest under such plans. However, Prohibited Transaction Exemption 95-60 may exempt some or all of the transactions that could occur as the result of the acquisition of the common stock by an insurance company general account. Therefore, insurance company investors should analyze whether John Hancock and PTE 95-60 or any other exemption may have an impact with respect to their purchase of the shares.

 

In addition, the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 added a new Section 401(c) of ERISA relating to the status of the assets of insurance company general accounts under ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code. Pursuant to Section 401(c), the Department of Labor issued final regulations effective January 5, 2000 with respect to insurance policies issued on or before December 31, 1998 that are supported by an insurer’s general account. As a result of these regulations, assets of an insurance company general account will not be treated as “plan assets” for purposes of the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code to the extent such assets relate to contracts issued to employee plans on or before December 31, 1998 and the insurer satisfies various conditions. The assets of a plan invested in an insurance company separate account continue to be treated as the plan assets of any such plan.

 

See “ Risk Factors—Employee Benefit Plan Risks—Annual Statement of Value is an Estimate” for an explanation of the annual statement of value we will provide stockholders.

 

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 

General

 

We are offering a maximum of 30,000,000 shares of our common stock to the public through Lightstone Securities, our dealer manager, a registered broker-dealer. The shares are being offered at a price of $10.00 per share. All of the shares are being sold through Lightstone Securities, a registered broker-dealer, underwriter and the dealer manager on a best-efforts basis. A “best-efforts” basis means that neither the dealer manager nor the soliciting dealers are under any obligation to purchase any of the shares being offered. Therefore, no specified number of shares is guaranteed to be sold and no specified amount of money is guaranteed to be raised from this offering. Our dealer manager is a subsidiary of our sponsor.

 

This offering will commence as of the date of this prospectus. If the minimum offering of 1,000,000 shares is not sold by April 22, 2006, we will cancel this offering and your investment will be returned to you with interest. If the minimum offering of 1,000,000 shares of common stock is sold and if this offering continues thereafter, the offering will terminate on or before April 22, 2006, unless we elect to extend it to a date no later than April 22, 2007, in states that permit an extension. We reserve the right to terminate this offering at any time.

 

At each closing following our acceptance of subscriptions to purchase at least 1,000,000 shares of our common stock, our sponsor will also pay, as additional purchase price for its share of the special general partner interests, an amount sufficient to cover (a) our expenses, fees and commissions in connection with that closing, and (b) at the first closing of this offering, our expenses in connection with our organization.

 

Dealer Manager

 

Our dealer manager, Lightstone Securities, LLC, has been organized within the last three years, is an affiliate of us and our sponsor and is registered as a broker-dealer. Through The Lightstone Group, Mr. Lichtenstein wholly owns our dealer manager, much as he controls and indirectly owns our advisor, our property manager, our operating partnership and affiliates. However, neither Mr. Lichtenstein nor any of the dealer manager’s affiliates employ the dealer manager’s only full-time employee, Edward Devereaux. Although the principal business function of the dealer manager will be to sell our common stock, the dealer manager may participate in other offerings for our sponsor and its affiliates. The dealer manager has no experience in this capacity.

 

Escrow Conditions

 

If you are qualified to participate in this offering, the proceeds from your subscription will be deposited in a segregated escrow account with the escrow agent, Trust Company of America, and will be held in trust for your benefit, pending release to us. Your investment will not be commingled with any other funds. None of the common stock offered by this prospectus will be sold, no commissions or fees will be paid, and your initial admission as a stockholder will not take place unless the escrow agent has received and accepted paid subscriptions for at least 1,000,000 shares of common stock for $10,000,000 (subject to any applicable volume discounts) within one year from the date of this prospectus. Through the purchase of the special general partner interests by our sponsor, we will pay expenses and commissions to the managing dealer, who may reallow them to the soliciting dealers. If subscriptions for at least the minimum offering have not been received, accepted, and paid for within one year from the date of this prospectus, the escrow agent will promptly refund your investment with interest. If a refund is made, our sponsor will pay any escrow fees and no amounts will be deducted from the escrow funds.

 

The escrow agreement between us, the dealer manager and the escrow agent provides that escrowed funds will be held by the escrow agent in an interest bearing account with the power of investment in investments permitted under Rule 15c2-4 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Additionally, as soon as we have received

 

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subscription proceeds for at least 1,000,000 shares of our common stock, we may direct that the escrow agent invest the proceeds in other short-term investments which can be readily sold, with appropriate safety of principal. The escrow agreement prohibits investment of the proceeds in (i) money market mutual funds, (ii) corporate equity or debt securities, (iii) repurchase agreements, (iv) bankers’ acceptances, (v) commercial paper and (vi) municipal securities. After the minimum offering amount is sold, closings will be held on an ongoing basis to release subscription proceeds to us. We will accept or reject subscriptions within 10 business days after we receive them.

 

Any interest that we earn on subscription proceeds relating to the minimum offering prior to their release to us from escrow will be distributed to you if we do not achieve the minimum offering or, if we do achieve the minimum offering, you will receive all interest earned on your subscription payments prior to the first closing of this offering. After your initial admission as a stockholder in connection with the sale of at least 1,000,000 shares, you will not be entitled to interest earned on our funds or to receive interest on your investment except for interest earned on your subscription proceeds from the date of their transfer to an escrow account until our initial issuance of shares to subscribers.

 

Subscription Process

 

We are offering up to 30,000,000 shares of our common stock to the public through the dealer manager and the soliciting dealers, as our agents. The agreement between our dealer manager and the soliciting dealers requires the soliciting dealers to make diligent inquiries of you in order to find out whether a purchase of our common stock is suitable and appropriate for you, and to transmit promptly to us the completed subscription documentation and any supporting documentation we may reasonably require. In addition, our sponsor, our dealer manager and the soliciting dealers, as our agents, must make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of our shares is a suitable and appropriate investment for an investor. In making this determination, the soliciting dealers will rely on relevant information provided by the investor, including information as to the investor’s age, investment objectives, investment experience, income, net worth, financial situation, other investments, and any other pertinent information.

 

The dealer manager or a soliciting dealer is also required to deliver to you a copy of this prospectus and its appendices. We plan to make this prospectus and the appendices available electronically to the dealer manager and the soliciting dealers, as well as to provide them paper copies. As a result, if the dealer manager or a soliciting dealer chooses to, with your prior consent, it may provide you with the option of receiving this prospectus and the appendices electronically. In any case, however, you may always receive a paper copy upon request.

 

Our common stock is being sold as subscriptions for the common stock are received and accepted by us, subject to the satisfaction by us of the escrow conditions described in the section immediately above. We have the unconditional right to accept or reject your subscription. Your subscription will be accepted or rejected within 10 business days after our receipt of a fully completed copy of the subscription agreement and payment for the number of shares of common stock subscribed for. If we accept your subscription, a confirmation will be mailed to you not more than three business days after our acceptance. No sale of our common stock may be completed until at least five business days after the date you receive this prospectus and, if required by state regulatory

 

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authorities, a copy of our organizational documents. If for any reason your subscription is rejected, your funds and your subscription agreement will be returned to you, without interest (unless we reject your subscription because we fail to achieve the minimum offering) or deduction, within 10 business days after receipt.

 

Representations and Warranties in the Subscription Agreement

 

The subscription agreement requires you to make the following factual representations:

 

    Your tax identification number set forth in the subscription agreement is accurate and you are not subject to backup withholding;

 

    You received a copy of this prospectus not less than five business days prior to signing the subscription agreement;

 

    You meet the minimum income, net worth and any other applicable suitability standards established for you;

 

    You are purchasing our common stock for your own account; and

 

    You acknowledge that our common stock is illiquid.

 

Each of the above representations is included in the subscription agreement in order to help satisfy our responsibility, which our broker dealers will undertake as our agents, to make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of our common stock is a suitable and appropriate investment for you and that appropriate income tax reporting information is obtained. We will not sell any common stock to you unless you are able to make the above factual representations by executing the subscription agreement. You must separately sign or initial each representation made in the subscription agreement and, except in the case of fiduciary accounts, you may not grant any person a power of attorney to make such representations on your behalf.

 

By executing the subscription agreement, you will not be waiving any rights under federal or state law.

 

Determination of Your Suitability as an Investor

 

We, our dealer manager, each soliciting dealer and our sponsor will make reasonable efforts to determine that you satisfy the suitability standards set forth herein and that an investment in our common stock is an appropriate investment for you. The soliciting dealers must determine whether you can reasonably benefit from this investment. In making this determination, the soliciting dealers will consider whether:

 

    you have the capability of understanding fundamental aspects of our business based on your employment experience, education, access to advice from qualified sources such as attorneys, accountants and tax advisors and prior experience with investments of a similar nature;

 

    you have an apparent understanding of:

 

    the fundamental risks and possible financial hazards of this type of investment;

 

    the fact that the shares are illiquid;

 

    the role of our advisor in directing or managing your investment in our company;

 

    the tax consequences of your investment; and

 

    you have the financial capability to invest in our common stock.

 

By executing the subscription agreement, each soliciting dealer acknowledges its determination that our common stock is a suitable and appropriate investment for you. Each soliciting dealer is required to represent and warrant that it has complied with all applicable laws in determining the suitability of our common stock as an investment for you, which each will do in its capacity as our agent. We and our affiliates will coordinate the processes and procedures used by the dealer manager and the soliciting dealers and, where necessary, implement additional reviews and procedures to determine that you meet the suitability standards set forth in this prospectus.

 

Compensation We Will Pay for the Sale of Our Shares

 

You will not be responsible for any commissions on any sales of shares under this offering. Our operating partnership will issue special general partner interests to Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor, in exchange for an amount equal to all expenses, dealer manager fees and selling commissions that we incur in connection with our organization and this offering. If we raise the maximum $300,000,000, we expect to pay a total of $30,000,000 in organization and offering expenses, including $21,000,000 in selling commissions

 

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and $3,000,000 in dealer manager fees. If we raise the minimum $10,000,000, we expect to pay a total of $1,000,000 in offering expenses, including $700,000 in selling commissions, $100,000 in dealer manager fees and up to $50,000 in due diligence expenses. Our advisor will be responsible for the payment of organization costs without reimbursement from us to the extent such costs exceed 10% of the actual offering proceeds. We cannot currently determine the value of these general partner interests, which depends upon results of operations, but the initial sale price of each such unit will be $100,000.

 

The special general partner interests will entitle Lightstone SLP, LLC to certain distributions from our operating partnership. The following table sets forth information with respect to the apportionment of any regular and liquidating distributions that we make among Lightstone SLP, LLC and our stockholders. For a more detailed discussion of distribution apportionment, see “Operating Partnership Agreement–Special General Partner Interests.”

 

We cannot assure investors of the cumulative non-compounded returns discussed below, which we disclose solely as a measure for the incentive compensation of our sponsor, advisor and affiliates.

 

Recipient(s) of Distribution

(listed chronologically)


 

Apportionment of Distributions


 

Cumulative Non-Compounded Return Threshold
(that initiates next level of distributions)


(i) Stockholders

  100%   7% per year on stockholders’ net investment

(ii) Lightstone SLP, LLC

  100%   7% per year on special general partner purchase price

(iii) Stockholders/Lightstone SLP, LLC

 

70% to stockholders;

30% to Lightstone SLP, LLC

  Until 12% per year on stockholders’ net investment

(iv) Stockholders/Lightstone SLP, LLC

 

60% to stockholders;

40% to Lightstone SLP, LLC

  Above 12% on stockholders’ net investment (remainder of regular distributions apportioned in this manner)

 

In the event of termination of the advisory agreement by our board of directors or stockholders, Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor, will receive cash in an amount equal to the purchase price of the special general partner interests that it received in exchange for a purchase price sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of this offering, including dealer manager fees and selling commissions.

 

We will use the proceeds from this sale of special general partner interests to Lightstone SLP, LLC to pay all costs and expenses of this offering (including organization costs, broker dealer fees and selling commissions). Accordingly, none of the payments described below will reduce the amount which we will invest to acquire property. Except for the special sales described later in this section, we will pay the dealer manager cash selling commissions of 7% on all of the shares of common stock sold. A portion of these selling commissions may, at the discretion of the dealer manager, be retained or given to soliciting dealers as compensation for their services in soliciting and obtaining subscriptions from you and other investors. Except for the special sales described later in this section, we will pay the dealer manager 1% of the gross offering proceeds in the form of a dealer manager fee as compensation for acting as the dealer manager and for expenses incurred in connection with marketing our shares and paying the employment costs of the dealer manager’s wholesalers. Out of its dealer manager fee, the dealer manager may pay salaries and commissions to its wholesalers of up to 1% of gross offering proceeds. We will not pay referral or similar fees to any accountants, attorneys or other persons in connection with the distribution of the shares. Generally, the dealer manager will not give any portion of the dealer manager fee to soliciting dealers unless they have a prescribed minimum annual sales volume of our common stock. Marketing and due diligence costs paid by the dealer manager on behalf of, or to, the soliciting dealers will be deducted from any potion of the dealer manager fee payable to the soliciting dealers.

 

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We will not pay any selling commissions in connection with the sale of shares to investors whose contracts for investment advisory and related brokerage services include a fixed or “wrap” fee feature. Investors may agree with their participating brokers to reduce the amount of selling commissions payable with respect to the sale of their units shares down to zero (i) if the investor has engaged the services of a registered investment advisor or other financial advisor who will be paid compensation for investment advisory services or other financial or investment advice or (ii) if the investor is investing through a bank trust account with respect to which the investor has delegated the decision-making authority for investments made through the account to a bank trust department. The net proceeds to us will not be affected by reducing the commissions payable in connection with such transaction. All such sales must be made through registered broker-dealers. Neither our dealer manager nor its affiliates will directly or indirectly compensate any person engaged as an investment advisor or a bank trust department by a potential investor as an inducement for such investment advisor or bank trust department to advise favorably for an investment in our shares.

 

The dealer manager does not intend to be a market maker and so will not execute trades for selling stockholders. Set forth below is a table indicating the estimated dealer manager compensation and expenses that will be paid in connection with the offering.

 

     Per Unit Sold

   Total Minimum

   Total Maximum

Selling commissions

   $.70    $ 700,000    $ 21,000,000

Dealer manager fees

   $.10    $ 100,000    $ 3,000,000

Soliciting dealer warrants (valued at .45% of offering proceeds)

   $.045    $ 45,000    $ 1,350,000

Marketing fees and due diligence expense reimbursement

   n/a    $ 660,000    $ 1,540,000

Total

   $.845 (before
marketing and
due diligence)
   $ 1,505,000    $ 26,890,000

 

No selling commissions or dealer manager fees are payable in connection with the dividend reinvestment plan or the share repurchase program.

 

We will also award to the dealer manager one soliciting dealer warrant for every 50 shares sold to the public or issued to stockholders pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan during the offering period. The dealer manager intends to reallow these warrants to participating dealers by awarding one soliciting dealer warrant for every 50 shares sold during the offering period, unless such issuance of soliciting dealer warrants is prohibited by either federal or state securities laws. The holder of a soliciting dealer warrant will be entitled to purchase one share from the Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. at a price of $12 per share during the period beginning on the first anniversary of the effective date of this offering and ending five years after the effective date of this offering. Pursuant to the Warrant Purchase Agreement, a soliciting dealer warrant may not be transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated for a period of 180 days following the effective date of this offering except to: (i) one or more persons, each of whom on the date of transfer is a bona fide officer or partner of the warrantholder or its successor, as provided in clause (iv); (ii) a partnership or partnerships, all of the partners of which are a warrantholder and one or more persons, each of whom on the date of transfer is a “principal” of a warrantholder or its successor; (iii) broker-dealer firms which have executed, and are not then in default of, a Soliciting Dealers Agreement and one or more persons, each of whom on the date of transfer is a principal of a member of the selling group or a principal of a successor to a member of the selling group; (iv) a successor to a warrantholder through merger or consolidation; (v) a purchaser of all or substantially all of a warrantholder’s assets; or by (vi) will, pursuant to the laws of descent and distribution. Despite these exceptions, from one year after the effective date of the offering, a transfer may be made to a third party solely for the purpose of immediate exercise of the soliciting dealer warrant and sale of the underlying shares by such third party. The shares issuable upon exercise of the soliciting dealer warrants are being registered as part of this offering. For the life of the soliciting dealer warrants, participating dealers are given the opportunity to profit from a rise in the market price for the common stock without assuming the risk of ownership, with a resulting

 

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dilution in the interest of other stockholders upon exercise of such warrants. In addition, holders of the soliciting dealer warrants would be expected to exercise such warrants at a time when we could obtain needed capital by offering new securities on terms more favorable than those provided by the soliciting dealer warrants. Exercise of the soliciting dealer warrants is governed by the terms and conditions detailed in this prospectus and in the Warrant Purchase Agreement, which is an exhibit to the registration statement.

 

We will not pay selling commissions in connection with the following special sales:

 

    the sale of common stock in connection with the performance of services to our employees, directors and associates and our affiliates, our advisor, affiliates of our advisor, the dealer manager or their respective officers and employees and some of their affiliates;

 

    the purchase of common stock under the distribution reinvestment program;

 

    the sale of our common stock to one or more soliciting dealers and to their respective officers and employees and some of their respective affiliates who request and are entitled to purchase common stock net of selling commissions; and

 

    the common stock credited to an investor as a result of a volume discount.

 

It is illegal for us to pay or award any commissions or other compensation to any person engaged by you for investment advice as an inducement to such advisor to advise you to purchase our common stock; however, nothing herein will prohibit a registered broker-dealer or other properly licensed person from earning a sales commission in connection with a sale of the common stock.

 

If, in connection with your purchase of our shares, you have engaged the services of a registered investment advisor to whom you have agreed to pay a fee for investment advisory services in lieu of normal commissions based on the volume of securities sold, you may agree with the participating broker-dealer selling such shares and Lightstone Securities to reduce the amount of selling commissions payable with respect to such sale to zero. The net proceeds to us will not be affected by eliminating the commissions payable in connection with sales to investors purchasing through such investment advisors. All such sales must be made through registered broker-dealers.

 

To the extent necessary to comply with NASD rules, we will provide, on an annual basis, a per-share estimated value of our common stock, the method by which we developed such value and the date of the data we used to estimate such value.

 

Volume Discounts

 

We will offer a reduced share purchase price to “single purchasers” on orders of more than $250,000 and selling commissions paid to Lightstone Securities and participating broker-dealers will be reduced by the amount of the share purchase price discount. The share purchase price will be reduced for each incremental share purchased in the total volume ranges set forth in the table below. The reduced purchase price will not affect the amount we receive for investment.

 

For a “single purchaser”

  Purchase price per
share for
incremental share
in volume discount
range


 

Selling commission
per share for
incremental share in

volume discount
range


$       1,000 —$   250,000   $ 10.00   $ 0.70
     250,001 —     500,000     9.85     0.55
     500,001 —     750,000     9.70     0.40
     750,001 —  1,000,000     9.60     0.30
  1,000,001 —  5,000,000     9.50     0.20

 

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Any reduction in the amount of the selling commissions in respect of volume discounts received will be credited to the investor in the form of additional whole shares. No fractional shares will be issued. Selling commissions will not be paid on any shares issued for a volume discount.

 

As an example, a single purchaser would receive 50,380 shares rather than 50,000 shares for an investment of $500,000 and the selling commission would be $31,250. The discount would be calculated as follows: On the first $250,000 of the investment there would be no discount and the purchaser would receive 25,000 shares at $10 per share. On the remaining $250,000, the per share price would be $9.85 and the purchaser would receive 25,380 shares.

 

Selling commissions for purchases of $5,000,000 or more will, in our sole discretion, be reduced to $0.20 per share or less, but in no event will the proceeds to us be less than $9.20 per share. Selling commissions paid will in all cases be the same for the same level of sales. In the event of a sale of $5,000,000 or more, we will supplement this prospectus to include: (i) the aggregate amount of the sale, (ii) the price per share paid by the purchaser and (iii) a statement that other investors wishing to purchase at least the amount described in (i) will pay no more per share than the initial purchaser.

 

Orders may be combined for the purpose of determining the total commissions payable with respect to applications made by a “single purchaser,” so long as all the combined purchases are made through the same soliciting dealer. The amount of total commissions thus computed will be apportioned pro rata among the individual orders on the basis of the respective amounts of the orders being combined. As used herein, the term “single purchaser” will include:

 

    any person or entity, or persons or entities, acquiring shares as joint purchasers;

 

    all profit-sharing, pension and other retirement trusts maintained by a given corporation, partnership or other entity;

 

    all funds and foundations maintained by a given corporation, partnership or other entity; and

 

    all profit-sharing, pension and other retirement trusts and all funds or foundations over which a designated bank or other trustee, person or entity (except an investment advisor registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940) exercises discretionary authority with respect to an investment in our company.

 

In the event a single purchaser described in the last four categories above wishes to have its orders so combined, that purchaser will be required to request the treatment in writing, which request must set forth the basis for the discount and identify the orders to be combined. Any request will be subject to our verification that all of the orders were made by a single purchaser.

 

Orders also may be combined for the purpose of determining the commissions payable in the case of orders by any purchaser described in any category above who, subsequent to its initial purchase of shares, orders additional shares. In this event, the commission payable with respect to the subsequent purchase of shares will equal the commission per share which would have been payable in accordance with the commission schedule set forth above if all purchases had been made simultaneously.

 

Unless investors indicate that orders are to be combined and provide all other requested information, we cannot be held responsible for failing to combine orders properly.

 

Purchases by entities not required to pay federal income tax may only be combined with purchases by other entities not required to pay federal income tax for purposes of computing amounts invested if investment decisions are made by the same person. If the investment decisions are made by an independent investment advisor, that investment advisor may not have any direct or indirect beneficial interest in any of the entities not required to pay federal income tax whose purchases are sought to be combined. You must mark the “Additional

 

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Investment” space on the subscription agreement signature page in order for purchases to be combined. We are not responsible for failing to combine purchases if you fail to mark the “Additional Investment” space.

 

If the subscription agreements for the purchases to be combined are submitted at the same time, then the additional common stock to be credited to you as a result of such combined purchases will be credited on a pro rata basis. If the subscription agreements for the purchases to be combined are not submitted at the same time, then any additional common stock to be credited as a result of the combined purchases will be credited to the last component purchase, unless we are otherwise directed in writing at the time of the submission. However, the additional common stock to be credited to any entities not required to pay federal income tax whose purchases are combined for purposes of the volume discount will be credited only on a pro rata basis on the amount of the investment of each entity not required to pay federal income tax on their combined purchases.

 

California residents should be aware that volume discounts will not be available in connection with the sale of shares made to California residents to the extent such discounts do not comply with the provisions of Rule 260.140.51 adopted pursuant to the California Corporate Securities Law of 1968. Pursuant to this rule, volume discounts can be made available to California residents only in accordance with the following conditions:

 

    there can be no variance in the net proceeds to us from the sale of the shares to different purchasers of the same offering;

 

    all purchasers of the shares must be informed of the availability of quantity discounts;

 

    the same volume discounts must be allowed to all purchasers of shares which are part of the offering;

 

    the minimum amount of shares as to which volume discounts are allowed cannot be less than $10,000;

 

    the variance in the price of the shares must result solely from a different range of commissions, and all discounts must be based on a uniform scale of commissions; and

 

    no discounts are allowed to any group of purchasers.

 

Accordingly, volume discounts for California residents will be available in accordance with the foregoing table of uniform discount levels based on dollar volume of shares purchased, but no discounts are allowed to any group of purchasers, and no subscriptions may be aggregated as part of a combined order for purposes of determining the number of shares purchased.

 

Electronic Prospectus

 

An electronic prospectus is available on our Internet Web site, www.lightstonereit.com. We will not make shares available for sale on this Internet Web site, however. An investor can only purchase our shares through his, her or its broker-dealer who has entered into a soliciting dealers agreement with Lightstone Securities. Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on our Web site is not part of this prospectus.

 

Indemnification

 

We have agreed to indemnify the dealer manager and the soliciting dealers against certain liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

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WHO MAY INVEST

 

In order to purchase shares, you must:

 

    Meet the financial suitability standards, and

 

    Purchase at least the minimum number of shares.

 

Suitability Standards

 

Because an investment in our common stock is risky and is a long-term investment, it is suitable for you only if you have adequate financial means to make this investment, you have no immediate need for liquidity in your investment and you can bear the loss of your investment. We have established financial suitability standards for investors who purchase shares of our common stock, which are set forth following the cover page hereof.

 

Minimum Purchase

 

Subject to the restrictions imposed by state law, we will sell shares of our common stock only to investors who initially purchase a minimum of 100 shares of common stock for a total purchase price of $1,000 or tax-exempt entities which purchase a minimum of 300 shares of common stock for a total purchase price of $3,000. Tax-exempt entities are generally any investor that is exempt from federal income taxation, including:

 

    a pension, profit-sharing, retirement or other employee benefit plan which satisfies the requirements for qualification under Section 401(a), 414(d) or 414(e) of the Internal Revenue Code;

 

    a pension, profit-sharing, retirement or other employee benefit plan which meets the requirements of Section 457 of the Internal Revenue Code;

 

    trusts that are otherwise exempt under Section 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code;

 

    a voluntary employees’ beneficiary association under Section 501(c)(9) of the Internal Revenue Code; or

 

    an IRA which meets the requirements of Section 408 of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

The term “plan” includes plans subject to Title I of ERISA, other employee benefit plans and IRAs subject to the prohibited transaction provisions of Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, governmental or church plans that are exempt from ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, but that may be subject to state law requirements, or other employee benefit plans.

 

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HOW TO SUBSCRIBE

 

Investors who meet the suitability standards described above may purchase shares of common stock. See “Who May Invest” and “Plan of Distribution—Determination of Investor Suitability,” above, for the suitability standards. Investors who want to purchase shares must proceed as follows:

 

    Read the entire prospectus and the current supplement(s), if any, accompanying the prospectus.

 

    Complete the execution copy of the subscription agreement. A specimen copy of the subscription agreement, including instructions for completing it, is included in the prospectus as Appendix C.

 

    Deliver a check for the full purchase price of the shares being subscribed for, payable to “Trust Company of America, Escrow Agent for Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.,” along with the completed subscription agreement to the soliciting dealer. The name of the soliciting dealer appears on the subscription agreement.

 

    By executing the subscription agreement and paying the full purchase price for the shares subscribed for, each investor attests that he or she meets the suitability standards as stated in the subscription agreement and agrees to be bound by all of its terms.

 

A sale of the shares may not be completed until at least five business days after the subscriber receives the prospectus. Within 10 business days of our receipt of each completed subscription agreement, we will accept or reject the subscription. If we accept the subscription, we will mail a confirmation within three days. If for any reason we reject the subscription, we will promptly return the check and the subscription agreement, without interest (unless we reject your subscription because we fail to achieve the minimum offering) or deduction, within 10 business days after we received it.

 

An approved trustee must process through us and forward to us subscriptions made through individual retirement accounts, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans. In the case of individual retirement accounts, Keogh plans and 401(k) plan stockholders, we will send the confirmation to the trustee.

 

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SALES LITERATURE

 

In addition to and apart from this prospectus, we may use supplemental sales material in connection with the offering. This material may consist of a brochure describing the advisor and its affiliates and our objectives. The material may also contain pictures and summary descriptions of properties similar to those we intend to acquire that our affiliates have previously acquired. This material may also include audiovisual materials and taped presentations highlighting and explaining various features of the offering, properties of prior real estate programs and real estate investments in general, and articles and publications concerning real estate. Business reply cards, introductory letters and seminar invitation forms may be sent to the dealer members of the National Association of Securities Dealers designated by Lightstone Securities and prospective investors. No person has been authorized to prepare for, or furnish to, a prospective investor any sales literature other than that described herein and “tombstone” newspaper advertisements or solicitations of interest that are limited to identifying the offering and the location of sources of further information.

 

The use of any sales materials is conditioned upon filing with and, if required, clearance by appropriate regulatory agencies. Such clearance (if provided), however, does not indicate that the regulatory agency allowing the use of the materials has passed on the merits of the offering or the adequacy or accuracy of the materials.

 

This offering is made only by means of this prospectus. Except as described herein, we have not authorized the use of other supplemental literature or sales material in connection with this offering.

 

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DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT AND SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAMS

 

Distribution Reinvestment Program

 

We are registering 4,000,000 shares of our common stock to be sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment program on this registration statement. Our distribution reinvestment program provides our stockholders with an opportunity to purchase additional shares of common stock by reinvesting distributions. Stockholders who elect to participate in the distribution reinvestment program will authorize us to use distributions payable to them to purchase additional shares of common stock. A participant will not be able to acquire common stock under the program if the purchase would cause it to exceed the 9.8% ownership limit or would violate any of the other share ownership restrictions imposed by our charter. Participation in the distribution reinvestment program is limited to stockholders who purchase shares pursuant to this offering. Stockholders who have received a copy of this Prospectus and participate in this offering may elect to participate in and purchase shares through the distribution reinvestment program at any time and would not need to receive a separate prospectus relating solely to such program.

 

As further explained below, purchases under the distribution reinvestment program are made at a price, $9.50 per share at first, equal to 95% of the market price of a share of common stock on the date of purchase until such time as our shares are listed on a national securities exchange or included for quotation on a national market system. This reduced price reflects a decrease in costs associated with these issuances.

 

Participants in the distribution reinvestment program may also purchase fractional shares of common stock, so that 100% of distributions will be used to acquire common stock. Common stock will be purchased under the distribution reinvestment program on the record date for the distribution used to purchase the common stock. Distributions on common stock acquired under the distribution reinvestment program will be paid at the same time as distributions are paid on common stock purchased outside the program and are calculated with a daily record and distribution declaration date. Each participant agrees that if, at any time prior to listing the common stock on a national securities exchange or inclusion of them for quotation on a national market system, he or she fails to meet the suitability requirements for making an investment in us or cannot make the other representations or warranties set forth in the subscription agreement, he or she will promptly notify us in writing.

 

Beginning with the first distribution paid after the effective date of the offering, participants will acquire our shares at a fixed price of $9.50 per share. This will continue until the earlier of (1) the increase of the public offering price per share of common stock in the offering from $10 per share, if there is an increase, and (2) the termination of the offering. Thereafter, participants may acquire our shares at a price equal to 95% of the market price of a share on the date of purchase until our shares are listed on a national stock exchange or included for quotation on a national market system. In the event of listing or inclusion, we will purchase shares for the distribution reinvestment program on the exchange or market at the prevailing market price. We will then sell the shares to stockholders at that price. The discount from the public offering price per share will not exceed 5% of the market price of a share on the date of purchase. It is possible that a secondary market will develop for the shares, and that the prices on the secondary market will be lower or higher than the price of shares purchased through the distribution reinvestment program.

 

Because we have no intention of establishing this secondary market for our shares, however, it is unlikely that one will develop unless we list the shares on a national stock exchange or include them for quotation on a national market system. If a secondary market does develop, we may purchase shares in this secondary market for sale under the distribution reinvestment program, and if we choose to do so, participants will pay the price we paid to purchase such shares, which may be higher or lower than otherwise set forth in this section. In the unlikely event that we do purchase shares in the secondary market and we use the services of a broker, we will allocate the costs of such broker among all the participants in the plan. We will not charge these investors for any fees other than the actual third party out-of-pocket expenses that we would incur in the secondary market. Neither we nor our affiliates will receive a fee for selling shares through the distribution reinvestment program. We do not warrant or guarantee that participants will acquire shares at the lowest possible price through the program.

 

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A participant may stop participating in the distribution reinvestment program at any time without penalty, by delivering written notice to us. Prior to listing the shares on a national stock exchange or including them for quotation on a national market system, any transfer of shares by a participant to a non-participant will terminate participation in the distribution reinvestment program with respect to the transferred shares. Within 90 days after the end of our fiscal year, we provide each participant with an individualized report on his or her investment, including the purchase date(s), purchase price and number of shares owned, as well as the dates of distribution and amount of distributions received during the prior fiscal year. Prior to listing the shares as described above, we will not issue share certificates except to stockholders who make a written request therefor, and ownership of these shares will be in book-entry form.

 

The individualized statement to participants will include receipts and purchases relating to each participant’s participation in the distribution reinvestment program including the tax consequences relative thereto. The directors, including a majority of independent directors, by majority vote may amend or terminate the distribution reinvestment program upon 30 days notice to participants.

 

Stockholders who participate in the distribution reinvestment program will recognize dividend income, taxable to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, in the amount and as though they had received the cash rather than purchased shares through the distribution reinvestment program. These deemed dividends will be treated as actual dividends and will retain the character and tax effects applicable to all dividends. In addition, the 5% discount applicable to shares purchased under the dividend reinvestment program will itself be treated as a deemed distribution to the purchaser. Shares received under the distribution reinvestment program will have a holding period, for tax purposes, beginning with the day after purchase, and a tax basis equal to their cost, which is the gross amount of the deemed distribution. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of Stockholders—Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders” for a full discussion of the tax effects of distributions.

 

We will not issue certificates representing shares purchased through the dividend reinvestment program and the ownership of these shares will be in book-entry form.

 

No selling commissions or dealer manager fees are payable in connection with the dividend reinvestment program.

 

Share Repurchase Program

 

The share repurchase program may provide eligible stockholders with limited, interim liquidity by enabling them to sell shares back to us after the end of the offering period, subject to restrictions and applicable law. Specifically, state securities regulators impose investor suitability standards that establish specific financial thresholds that must be met by any investor in certain illiquid, long-term investments, including REIT shares. The prices at which shares may be sold back to us are as follows:

 

    The 24 months following the end of the offering period, at $9.00 per share. This is a reduction of $1.00 from the $10 offering price per share;

 

    during the next 12 months at $9.50 per share; and

 

    thereafter, at $10 per share.

 

A stockholder must have beneficially held the shares for at least one year prior to offering them for sale to us through the share repurchase program. Our affiliates will not be eligible to participate in the share repurchase program.

 

Pursuant to the terms of the share repurchase program, we will make repurchases, if requested, at least once quarterly (after the end of the offering period). Subject to the limitations described in this prospectus, we will

 

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also redeem shares upon the request of the estate, heir or beneficiary of a deceased stockholder. Redemption of shares, when requested, will be made quarterly on a pro rata basis. Subject to funds being available, we will limit the number of shares repurchased during any calendar year to one half of one percent, 0.5%, of the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the prior calendar year. Funding for the share repurchase program will come exclusively from proceeds we receive from the sale of shares under our distribution reinvestment plan and other operating funds, if any, as the board of directors, at its sole discretion, may reserve for this purpose.

 

The board of directors, at its sole discretion, may choose to terminate the share repurchase program after the end of the offering period, or reduce the number of shares purchased under the program, if it determines that the funds allocated to the share repurchase program are needed for other purposes, such as the acquisition, maintenance or repair of properties, or for use in making a declared distribution. A determination by the board of directors to eliminate or reduce the share repurchase program will require the unanimous affirmative vote of the independent directors.

 

We cannot guarantee that the funds set aside for the share repurchase program will be sufficient to accommodate all requests made each year. However, the stockholder may withdraw the request at any time or ask that we honor the request when funds are available. Pending repurchase requests will be honored on a pro rata basis.

 

Stockholders are not required to sell their shares to us. The share repurchase program is only intended to provide interim liquidity for stockholders until a liquidity event occurs, such as the listing of the shares on a national stock exchange, inclusion of the shares for quotation on a national market system, or our merger with a listed company. We cannot guarantee that a liquidity event will occur.

 

Shares we purchase under the share repurchase program will be canceled, and will have the status of authorized but unissued shares. Shares we acquire through the share repurchase program will not be reissued unless they are first registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933 and under appropriate state securities laws or otherwise issued in compliance with such laws.

 

If we terminate, reduce or otherwise change the share repurchase program, we will send a letter to stockholders informing them of the change, and we will disclose the changes in quarterly reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 10-Q.

 

No selling commissions or dealer manager fees are payable in connection with the share repurchase plan.

 

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REPORTS TO STOCKHOLDERS

 

Our advisor will keep, or cause to be kept, full and true books of account on an accrual basis of accounting, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. All of these books of account, together with a copy of our charter, will at all times be maintained at our principal office, and will be open to inspection, examination and duplication at reasonable times by the stockholders or their agents.

 

The advisor will submit to each stockholder our audited annual reports within 120 days following the close of each fiscal year. The annual reports will contain the following:

 

    audited financial statements;

 

    the ratio of the costs of raising capital during the period to the capital raised;

 

    the aggregate amount of advisory fees and the aggregate amount of fees paid to the advisor and any affiliate of the advisor, including fees or charges paid to the advisor and to any affiliate of the advisor by third parties doing business with us;

 

    our total operating expenses, stated as a percentage of the average invested assets and as a percentage of net income;

 

    a report from the independent directors that the policies we follow are in the best interests of our stockholders and the basis for such determination; and

 

    separately stated, full disclosure of all material terms, factors and circumstances surrounding any and all transactions involving us, the directors, the advisor and any of their affiliates occurring in the year for which the annual report is made. Independent directors are specifically charged with the duty to examine and comment in the report on the fairness of such transactions.

 

In addition, unaudited quarterly reports containing the information required by Form 10-Q will be submitted to each stockholder within 45 days after the close of each quarterly fiscal period. Also, each stockholder will be provided our unaudited semi-annual reports within 270 days following the close of each fiscal year. The semi-annual reports will contain the same type of information as the annual reports described above.

 

At the same time as any distribution, we will provide stockholders with a statement disclosing the source of the funds distributed. If the information is not available when the distribution is made, we will provide a statement setting forth the reasons why the information is not available. In no event will the information be provided to stockholders more than 60 days after we make the distribution. We will include in our stockholders’ account statements an estimated value of our shares that will comply with the requirements of NASD Rule 2340.

 

Within 60 days following the end of any calendar quarter during the period of the offering in which we have closed an acquisition of a property, we will submit a report to each stockholder containing:

 

    the location and a description of the general character of the property acquired during the quarter;

 

    the present or proposed use of the property and its suitability and adequacy for that use;

 

    the terms of any material leases affecting the property;

 

    the proposed method of financing, if any, including estimated down payment, leverage ratio, prepaid interest, balloon payment(s), prepayment penalties, “due-on-sale” or encumbrance clauses and possible adverse effects thereof and similar details of the proposed financing plan; and

 

    a statement that title insurance has been or will be obtained on the property acquired.

 

In addition, during the period of the offering we will send a report to each stockholder and submit to prospective investors when the advisor believes a property will probably be acquired:

 

    on specified terms, i.e., upon completion of due diligence which includes review of the title insurance commitment, appraisal and environmental analysis; and

 

    involving the use of 10% or more, on a cumulative basis, of the net proceeds of the offering.

 

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After the completion of the last acquisition, the advisor will, upon request, send a schedule to the Commissioner of Corporations of the State of California. The schedule, verified under the penalty of perjury, reflects: each acquisition made; the purchase price paid; the aggregate of all acquisition expenses paid on each transaction; and a computation showing compliance with our charter. We will, upon request, submit to the Commissioner of Corporations of the State of California or to any of the various state securities administrators, any report or statement required to be distributed to stockholders pursuant to our charter or any applicable law or regulation.

 

In addition, we will annually prepare a comparison between our compensation structure and the compensation structure prescribed by the NASAA REIT Guidelines. Certain state securities regulators, including the Securities Division of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the Arizona Corporation Commission, require us to deliver this comparison for their review on a regular basis. If the comparison indicates that our proceeds exceed those allowed by the NASAA REIT Guidelines, our charter requires us to return any excess proceeds to our stockholders within 30 days of making the comparison.

 

The accountants we regularly retain will prepare our federal tax return and any applicable state income tax returns. We will submit appropriate tax information to the stockholders within 30 days following the end of each of our fiscal years. We will not provide a specific reconciliation between generally accepted accounting principles and income tax information to the stockholders. However, the reconciling information will be available in our office for inspection and review by any interested stockholder. Annually, at the same time as the dissemination of appropriate tax information (including a Form 1099) to stockholders, we will provide each stockholder with an individualized report on his or her investment, including the purchase date(s), purchase price and number of shares owned, as well as the dates of distribution and amounts of distributions received during the prior fiscal year. The individualized statement to stockholders will include any purchases of shares under the distribution reinvestment program. Stockholders requiring individualized reports on a more frequent basis may request these reports. We will make every reasonable effort to supply more frequent reports, as requested, but we may, at our sole discretion, require payment of an administrative charge either directly by the stockholder, or through pre-authorized deductions from distributions payable to the stockholder making the request.

 

We may deliver to our stockholders each of the reports discussed in this section, as well as any other communications that we may provide them with, by E-mail or by any other means.

 

See “ Risk Factors; Employee Benefit Plan Risks; Annual Statement of Value is an Estimate” for an explanation of the annual statement of value we provide to stockholders.

 

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LITIGATION

 

We are not subject to any material pending legal proceedings.

 

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RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

 

On July 6, 2004, Lightstone Value Plus REIT LLC purchased 20,000 shares for $10.00 per Share from us in connection with our organization. Our advisor also made a capital contribution of $2,000 to Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, our operating partnership, in exchange for 200 limited partnership units of the operating partnership. The 200 limited partnership units received by our advisor may be exchanged, at its option, for 200 shares identical to those being offered pursuant to the prospectus included in this registration statement, subject to our option to pay cash in lieu of such shares. No sales commission or other consideration was paid in connection with such sales, which were consummated without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in reliance upon the exemption from registration in Section 4(2) of the Securities Act because the transactions did not involve any public offering.

 

We have entered into agreements to pay our advisor, our property manager, our dealer manager and their affiliates fees or other compensation for providing services to us, as more fully described in “Compensation Table.”

 

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LEGAL MATTERS

 

Proskauer Rose LLP, New York, New York, will pass upon the legality of the common stock and legal matters in connection with our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. Proskauer Rose LLP does not purport to represent our stockholders or potential investors, who should consult their own counsel. Proskauer Rose LLP also provides legal services to our sponsor, advisor and their affiliates.

 

Proskauer Rose LLP has reviewed the statements in the section in the prospectus titled “Federal Income Tax Considerations” and elsewhere as they relate to federal income tax matters and the statements in the section in the prospectus titled “ERISA Considerations.”

 

Venable LLP will pass upon certain matters of Maryland law in connection with our organization. Venable LLP does not purport to represent our stockholders or potential investors, who should consult their own counsel.

 

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EXPERTS

 

The balance sheet included in this prospectus has been audited by Kamler Lewis & Noreman, LLP, independent auditors, as stated in their report appearing herein, and is included in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

 

We have filed a registration statement on Form S-11 with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with this offering. This prospectus is part of the registration statement and does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement and all of its exhibits, certificates and schedules. Whenever a reference is made in this prospectus to any contract or other document of ours, the reference may not be complete and you should refer to the exhibits that are a part of the registration statement for a copy of the contract or document.

 

You may read and copy our registration statement and all of its exhibits and schedules which we have filed with the SEC and which may be inspected and copied at the Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. This material, as well as copies of all other documents filed with the SEC, may be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the SEC, Washington D.C. 20549 upon payment of the fee prescribed by the SEC. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a web site that contains reports, proxies, information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC, including us. The address of this website is http://www.sec.gov.

 

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INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT

 

The Shareholder of Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.

 

We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2004. This balance sheet is the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on this balance sheet based on our audit.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the balance sheet is free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the balance sheet. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall balance sheet presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, such balance sheet presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. as of December 31, 2004 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

Kamler, Lewis & Noreman LLP

 

Great Neck, New York

February 14, 2005

 

 

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LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

(A Maryland Corporation in the Developmental Stage)

 

BALANCE SHEET

December 31, 2004

 

ASSETS       

Cash

   $ 205,489
    

Total assets

   $ 205,489
    

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY       

Current liabilities:

      

Due to limited partnership

   $ 2,000

Due to affiliate

     3,489
    

Total current liabilities

     5,489
    

Shareholder’s Equity:

      

Preferred shares, 10,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding

     —  

Common shares, $0.01 par value, 60,000,000 shares authorized, 20,000 shares issued and outstanding

     200

Additional paid in capital

     199,800
    

Total shareholder’s equity

     200,000
    

Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity

   $ 205,489
    

 

The accompanying notes are integral part of this balance sheet.

 

 

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LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

(A Maryland Corporation in the Developmental Stage)

 

NOTES TO BALANCE SHEET

December 31, 2004

 

1. Organization:

 

Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. (the “Company”), incorporated on June 8, 2004, in Maryland, intends to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”). The Company intends to offer for sale a maximum of 30,000,000 common shares at a price of $10 per share (exclusive of 4,000,000 shares available pursuant to the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan, 600,000 shares that could be obtained through the exercise of selling dealer warrants when and if issued and 75,000 shares that is reserved for issuance under the Company’s stock option plan). The Company sold 20,000 shares to Lightstone Value Plus REIT LLC (the “Advisor”) on July 6, 2004, for $10 per share.

 

The Company will seek to acquire and operate commercial and residential properties located in the United States. All such properties may be acquired and operated by the Company alone or jointly with another party. As of the date of this financial statement, the Company has neither purchased nor contracted to purchase any properties, nor has the Advisor identified any properties in which there is a reasonable probability that the Company will acquire.

 

The management of the Company will be through the Advisor and Lightstone Value Plus REIT Management LLC, (the “Property Manager”) which will serve as the Company’s property manager. Lightstone Securities LLC (the “Dealer Manager”) will serve as the dealer manager of the Company’s public offering. These related parties will receive compensation and fees for services related to the offering and for the investment and management of the Company’s assets. These entities will receive fees during the offering, acquisition, operational and liquidation stages. The compensation levels during the offering, acquisition and operational stages are based on percentages of the offering proceeds sold, the cost of acquired properties and the annual revenue earned from such properties and other such fees outlined in each of the respective agreements. (See Note 3, Related Party Transactions, for a summary of related party fees.)

 

The Company has not commenced operations and is therefore in its developmental stage.

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in banks and money market funds, and temporary investments in short-term instruments with original maturities equal to or less than three months.

 

Use of Estimates

 

The presentation of the balance sheet in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Principles of Consolidation

 

The financial statements will include the accounts of Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP (the “Operating Partnership”) upon its acquisition (see Note 4). As of December 31, 2004, the Company does not have a controlling financial interest in any entity. In determining whether a controlling financial interest exists, the Company considers ownership of voting interests, protective rights and participatory rights of the investors.

 

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LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

(A Maryland Corporation in the Developmental Stage)

 

NOTES TO BALANCE SHEET—(Continued)

December 31, 2004

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company expects to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax on that portion of its REIT taxable income (“Taxable Income”) which it distributes to its shareholders provided that at least 90% of Taxable Income is distributed and such income meets other conditions. Accordingly, no provision for federal income taxes is required. The Company may be subject to state taxes in certain jurisdictions. The Company intends to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements.

 

Concentration of Credit Risk

 

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk include cash. The Company maintains its cash in a bank with a high credit rating. The Company has deposits on hand which exceed the limits of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”).

 

3. Related Party Transactions

 

The Advisor, Property Manager and Dealer Manager are wholly owned by The Lightstone Group (the “Sponsor”). In addition, the Lightstone Group owns various companies which may perform services and receive fees from the Company.

 

The Company has agreements with the Advisor and the Property Manager to pay certain fees, as follows, in exchange for services performed by these entities and other affiliated entities.

 

Fees/Compensation Amount


  

Amount


Selling Commission    The Dealer Manager will be paid up to 7% of the gross offering proceeds before reallowance of commissions earned by participating broker-dealers.
     The estimated selling commissions are expected to be approximately $700,000 if the minimum offering of 1,000,000 shares is sold and approximately $21,000,000 if the maximum offering of 3,000,000 shares is sold.
Dealer Management Fee    The Dealer Manager will be paid up to 1% of gross offering proceeds before reallowance to participating broker-dealers.
     The estimated dealer management fee is expected to be approximately $100,000 if the minimum offering of shares is sold and approximately $3,000,000 if the maximum offering of 30,000,000 shares is sold.
Soliciting Dealer Warrants    The Dealer Manager may buy up to 600,000 warrants at a purchase price of $.0008 per warrant. Each warrant will be exercisable for one share of the company’s common stock at an exercise price of $12.00 per share.

 

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LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

(A Maryland Corporation in the Developmental Stage)

 

NOTES TO BALANCE SHEET—(Continued)

December 31, 2004

 

Fees/Compensation Amount


  

Amount


Reimbursement of Offering Expenses    The Company estimates offering costs of approximately $1,500,000 if the minimum offering of 1,000,000 shares is sold and approximately $30,000,000 if the maximum offering of 30,000,000 shares is sold. After having sold at least the minimum offering amount, the Company will sell a special general partnership interest in the Operating Partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC (an affiliate of the sponsor) and apply all the sales proceeds to reimburse offering costs paid to the Advisor or its affiliates on the Company’s behalf. If the minimum offering is not sold, the Company will not be responsible for the costs of its offering. Lightstone SLP, LLC will purchase special general partner units for $100,000 per unit for each $1,000,000 in offering subscriptions.

Acquisition Fee

   The Advisor will be paid 2.75% of the gross contract purchase price of any property purchased by an affiliate. The acquisition fee and expenses for any particular property will not exceed, in the aggregate, 5% of the gross contract purchase price of the property.
     The following amounts may be paid as an acquisition fee and for the reimbursement of acquisition expenses including but not limited to legal fees and expenses, travel and communication, cost of appraisals, nonrefundable option payments on property not acquired, accounting fees, title insurance and miscellaneous expenses related to selection and acquisition of properties:
     If the minimum number of shares is sold, the estimated maximum acquisition fee will be $275,000 ($1,100,000, assuming long-term permanent leverage of approximately 75%) or if 30,000,000 shares are sold the estimated maximum acquisition fee will be $8,250,000 ($33,000,000, assuming long-term permanent leverage of approximately 75%).
     However, the actual amounts cannot be determined at the present time.

Property Management Fee

   Residential and Retail Properties:
     The Property Manager will be paid a monthly management fee of 5% of the gross revenues from residential and retail properties.
     Office and Industrial Properties:
     For the management and leasing of office and industrial properties, the Company will pay to the Property Manager, property management and leasing fees of up to 4.5% of gross revenues from office and industrial properties. In addition, the Company may pay the Property Manager a separate fee for the one-time initial
     rent-up or leasing-up of newly constructed properties in an amount not to exceed the fee customarily charged in arm’s length transactions by others rendering similar services in the same geographic area for similar properties as determined by a survey of brokers and agents in such area.

Asset Management Fee

   The Advisor or its affiliates will be paid an asset management fee of 0.55% of the Company’s average invested assets, as defined, payable quarterly in an amount equal to 0.1375 of 1% of average invested assets as of the last day of the immediately proceeding quarter.

 

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LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

(A Maryland Corporation in the Developmental Stage)

 

NOTES TO BALANCE SHEET—(Continued)

December 31, 2004

 

Fees/Compensation Amount


  

Amount


Reimbursement Expenses

   The Advisor or its affiliates will be reimbursed for expenses that may include costs of goods and services, administrative services and non-supervisory services performed directly for the Company by independent parties.

 

For any year in which the Company qualifies as a REIT, the Advisor must reimburse the Company for the amounts, if any, by which the total operating expenses, the sum of the advisor asset management fee plus other operating expenses paid during the previous fiscal year exceed the greater of 2% of average invested assets, as defined, for that fiscal year, or, 25% of net income for that fiscal year;

 

Items such as interest payments, taxes, non-cash expenditures, the special liquidation distribution, the special termination distribution, organization and offering expenses and acquisition fees and expenses are excluded from the definition of total operating expenses, which otherwise includes the aggregate expense of any kind paid or incurred by the Company.

 

The Company’s ability to secure financing and subsequent real estate operations are dependent upon its Advisor, Property Manager, Dealer Manager and their affiliates to perform such services as provided in the agreements described in Notes 1 and 3.

 

4. Subsequent Events—Investment in Limited Partnership:

 

Investment in Partnership

 

Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP will issue to the Company 20,000 Operating Partnership units in exchange for $200,000. The Company will be the general partner and holder of 99.01% of the units of the Operating Partnership. The Advisor contributed $2,000 to the Operating Partnership on June 17, 2004 in exchange for a 0.99% limited partner interest in the Operating Partnership. The limited partner interests have the right to convert Operating Partnerships units into cash or, at the option of the Company, an equal number of common shares of the Company, as allowed by the limited partnership agreement. The remaining rights of the limited partner interests are limited, however, and do not include the ability to replace the general partner or to approve the sale, purchase or refinancing of the Operating Partnership’s assets. The transfer of the Operating Partnership units is expected to take place after December 31, 2004.

 

Affiliate

 

Lightstone, SLP, LLC was formed on February 11, 2005, for the purpose of purchasing the special general partner interest from the Operating Partnership in exchange for proceeds sufficient to pay all offering expenses and receiving special general partner distributions. Lightstone, SLP, LLC is a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of the Sponsor.

 

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To the Shareholder

Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.

 

We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2005, and the consolidated statement of shareholder’s equity in accordance with Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. All information included in these financial statements is the representation of the management of Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.

 

A review consists principally of inquiries of Company personnel and analytical procedures applied to financial data. It is substantially less in scope than an audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

 

Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying financial statements in order for them to be in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.

 

Kamler, Lewis & Noreman LLP

 

Great Neck, New York

May 20, 2005

 

 

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LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

(A Maryland Corporation in the Developmental Stage)

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

March 31, 2005

 

ASSETS       

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 69,058

Due from affiliate

     132,942
    

Total assets

   $ 202,000
    

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY       

Minority interest in consolidated partnership

   $ 2,000
    

Shareholder’s Equity:

      

Preferred shares, 10,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding

     —  

Common shares, $0.01 par value, 60,000,000 shares authorized, 20,000 shares issued and outstanding

     200

Additional paid in capital

     199,800
    

Total shareholder’s equity

     200,000
    

Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity

   $ 202,000
    

 

Unaudited—see accountants’ review report and accompanying notes to consolidated financial statement.

 

 

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LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

(A Maryland Corporation in the Developmental Stage)

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2005

 

     Common
Stock


   Additional Paid
In Capital


   Distributions in
Excess of Retained
Earnings


   Total

Balance at January 1, 2005

   $ 200    $ 199,800      $ —      $ 200,00

Net Income / (Loss)

     —        —        —        —  
    

  

  

  

Balance at March 31, 2005

   $ 200    $ 199,800    $ —      $ 200,000
    

  

  

  

 

 

 

Unaudited—see accountants’ review report and accompanying notes to consolidated financial statement.

 

 

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LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

(A Maryland Corporation in the Developmental Stage)

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2005

(Unaudited)

 

1. Organization:

 

Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. (the “Company”), incorporated on June 8, 2004, in Maryland, intends to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”). The Company intends to offer for sale a maximum of 30,000,000 common shares at a price of $10 per share (exclusive of 4,000,000 shares available pursuant to the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan, 600,000 shares that could be obtained through the exercise of selling dealer warrants when and if issued and 75,000 shares that is reserved for issuance under the Company’s stock option plan). The Company sold 20,000 shares to Lightstone Value Plus REIT LLC (the “Advisor”) on July 6, 2004, for $10 per share.

 

The Company will seek to acquire and operate commercial and residential properties located in the United States. All such properties may be acquired and operated by the Company alone or jointly with another party. As of the date of these financial statements, the Company has neither purchased nor contracted to purchase any properties, nor has the Advisor identified any properties in which there is a reasonable probability that the Company will acquire.

 

The management of the Company will be through the Advisor and Lightstone Value Plus REIT Management LLC, (the “Property Manager”) which will serve as the Company’s property manager. Lightstone Securities LLC (the “Dealer Manager”) will serve as the dealer manager of the Company’s public offering. These related parties will receive compensation and fees for services related to the offering and for the investment and management of the Company’s assets. These entities will receive fees during the offering, acquisition, operational and liquidation stages. The compensation levels during the offering, acquisition and operational stages are based on percentages of the offering proceeds sold, the cost of acquired properties and the annual revenue earned from such properties and other such fees outlined in each of the respective agreements. (See Note 3, Related Party Transactions, for a summary of related party fees.)

 

The Company has not commenced operations and is therefore in its developmental stage.

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in banks and money market funds, and temporary investments in short-term instruments with original maturities equal to or less than three months.

 

Use of Estimates

 

The presentation of the balance sheet in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Principles of Consolidation

 

The financial statements will include the accounts of Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP (the “Operating Partnership”). During the quarter ended March 31, 2005, the Company acquired 20,000 Operating Partnership units in exchange for $200,000. The Company is now the general partner and holder of 99.01% of the units of the Operating Partnership. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

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LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

(A Maryland Corporation in the Developmental Stage)

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2005

(Unaudited)

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company expects to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax on that portion of its REIT taxable income (“Taxable Income”) which it distributes to its shareholders provided that at least 90% of Taxable Income is distributed and such income meets other conditions. Accordingly, no provision for federal income taxes is required. The Company may be subject to state taxes in certain jurisdictions. The Company intends to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements.

 

Concentration of Credit Risk

 

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk include cash. The Company maintains its cash in a bank with a high credit rating. The Company has deposits on hand which exceed the limits of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”).

 

Minority Interest

 

Minority interest in the operating partnership represents the limited partners’ proportionate share of the equity in the operating partnership. The Advisor contributed $2,000 to the Operating Partnership on June 17, 2004 in exchange for a 0.99% limited partner interest in the Operating Partnership. The limited partner interests have the right to convert Operating Partnership units into cash or, at the option of the Company, an equal number of common shares of the Company, as allowed by the limited partnership agreement. The remaining rights of the limited partner interests are limited, however, and do not include the ability to replace the general partner or to approve the sale, purchase or refinancing of the Operating Partnership’s assets.

 

3. Related Party Transactions

 

The Advisor, Property Manager and Dealer Manager are wholly owned by The Lightstone Group (the “Sponsor”). In addition, the Lightstone Group owns various companies which may perform services and receive fees from the Company.

 

The Company has agreements with the Advisor and the Property Manager to pay certain fees, as follows, in exchange for services performed by these entities and other affiliated entities.

 

Fees/Compensation Amount


  

Amount


Selling Commission    The Dealer Manager will be paid up to 7% of the gross offering proceeds before reallowance of commissions earned by participating broker-dealers.
     The estimated selling commissions are expected to be approximately $700,000 if the minimum offering of 1,000,000 shares is sold and approximately $21,000,000 if the maximum offering of 3,000,000 shares is sold.
Dealer Management Fee    The Dealer Manager will be paid up to 1% of gross offering proceeds before reallowance to participating broker-dealers.
     The estimated dealer management fee is expected to be approximately $100,000 if the minimum offering of shares is sold and approximately $3,000,000 if the maximum offering of 30,000,000 shares is sold.
Soliciting Dealer Warrants    The Dealer Manager may buy up to 600,000 warrants at a purchase price of $.0008 per warrant. Each warrant will be exercisable for one share of the company’s common stock at an exercise price of $12.00 per share.

 

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LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

(A Maryland Corporation in the Developmental Stage)

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2005

 

Fees/Compensation Amount


  

Amount


Reimbursement of Offering Expenses    The Company estimates offering costs of approximately $1,500,000 if the minimum offering of 1,000,000 shares is sold and approximately $30,000,000 if the maximum offering of 30,000,000 shares is sold. After having sold at least the minimum offering amount, the Company will sell a special general partnership interest in the Operating Partnership to Lightstone SLP, LLC (an affiliate of the sponsor) and apply all the sales proceeds to reimburse offering costs paid to the Advisor or its affiliates on the Company’s behalf. If the minimum offering is not sold, the Company will not be responsible for the costs of its offering. Lightstone SLP, LLC will purchase special general partner units for $100,000 per unit for each $1,000,000 in offering subscriptions.

Acquisition Fee

   The Advisor will be paid 2.75% of the gross contract purchase price of any property purchased by an affiliate. The acquisition fee and expenses for any particular property will not exceed, in the aggregate, 5% of the gross contract purchase price of the property.
     The following amounts may be paid as an acquisition fee and for the reimbursement of acquisition expenses including but not limited to legal fees and expenses, travel and communication, cost of appraisals, nonrefundable option payments on property not acquired, accounting fees, title insurance and miscellaneous expenses related to selection and acquisition of properties:
     If the minimum number of shares is sold; the estimated maximum acquisition fee will be $275,000 ($1,100,000, assuming long-term permanent leverage of approximately 75%) or if 30,000,000 shares are sold the estimated maximum acquisition fee will be $8,250,000 ($33,000,000, assuming long-term permanent leverage of approximately 75%).
     However, the actual amounts cannot be determined at the present time.

Property Management Fee

   Residential and Retail Properties:
     The Property Manager will be paid a monthly management fee of 5% of the gross revenues from residential and retail properties.
     Office and Industrial Properties:
     For the management and leasing of office and industrial properties, the Company will pay to the Property Manager, property management and leasing fees of up to 4.5% of gross revenues from office and industrial properties. In addition, the Company may pay the Property Manager a separate fee for the one-time initial
     rent-up or leasing-up of newly constructed properties in an amount not to exceed the fee customarily charged in arm’s length transactions by others rendering similar services in the same geographic area for similar properties as determined by a survey of brokers and agents in such area.

Asset Management Fee

   The Advisor or its affiliates will be paid an asset management fee of 0.55% of the Company’s average invested assets, as defined, payable quarterly in an amount equal to 0.1375 of 1% of average invested assets as of the last day of the immediately proceeding quarter.

 

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LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

(A Maryland Corporation in the Developmental Stage)

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT

March 31, 2005

(Unaudited)

 

Fees/Compensation Amount


  

Amount


Reimbursement Expenses

   The Advisor or its affiliates will be reimbursed for expenses that may include costs of goods and services, administrative services and non-supervisory services performed directly for the Company by independent parties.

 

For any year in which the Company qualifies as a REIT, the Advisor must reimburse the Company for the amounts, if any, by which the total operating expenses, the sum of the advisor asset management fee plus other operating expenses paid during the previous fiscal year exceed the greater of 2% of average invested assets, as defined, for that fiscal year, or, 25% of net income for that fiscal year;

 

Items such as interest payments, taxes, non-cash expenditures, the special liquidation distribution, the special termination distribution, organization and offering expenses and acquisition fees and expenses are excluded from the definition of total operating expenses, which otherwise includes the aggregate expense of any kind paid or incurred by the Company.

 

The Lightstone Group LLC, an affiliated entity, has agreed to reimburse the Company $132,942 for offering costs it paid directly. This amount has been repaid in May 2005.

 

The Company’s ability to secure financing and subsequent real estate operations are dependent upon its Advisor, Property Manager, Dealer Manager and their affiliates to perform such services as provided in the agreements described in Notes 1 and 3.

 

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Appendix A

 

Prior Performance Tables

 

The following introduction provides information relating to real estate investment programs sponsored by the sponsor or its affiliates (“Prior Programs’). Neither our sponsor nor its affiliates have operated any public programs and these tables aggregate all 10 of their prior private programs to which third parties contributed capital. These programs are substantially similar to our program because they invested in the same property types (i.e. retail, residential, industrial and office) that we intend to acquire and had the same objectives as we do. These tables provide information for use in evaluating the programs, the results of the operations of the programs, and compensation paid by the programs. Information in the tables is current as of December 31, 2004. The tables are furnished solely to provide prospective investors with information concerning the past performance of entities formed by The Lightstone Group. During the five years ending December 31, 2004, The Lightstone Group sponsored programs that have investment objectives similar to ours.

 

Prospective investors should read these tables carefully together with the summary information concerning the prior programs as set forth in “Prior Performance Summary” elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

INVESTORS IN LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC. WILL NOT OWN ANY INTEREST IN THE PRIOR PROGRAMS AND SHOULD NOT ASSUME THAT THEY WILL EXPERIENCE RETURNS, IF ANY, COMPARABLE TO THOSE EXPERIENCED BY INVESTORS IN THE PRIOR PROGRAMS.

 

Additional information about these tables can be obtained by calling us at (732) 367-0129.

 

The following tables use certain financial terms. The following paragraphs briefly describe the meanings of these terms.

 

    “Acquisition Costs” means fees related to the purchase of property, cash down payments, acquisition fees, and legal and other costs related to property acquisitions.

 

    “Cash Generated From Operations” means the excess (or the deficiency in the case of a negative number) of operating cash receipts, including interest on investments, over operating cash expenditures, including debt service payments.

 

    “GAAP” refers to “Generally Accepted Accounting Principles” in the United States.

 

    “Recapture” means the portion of taxable income from property sales or other dispositions that is taxed as ordinary income.

 

    “Reserves” refers to offering proceeds designated for repairs and renovations to properties and offering proceeds not committed for expenditure and held for potential unforeseen cash requirements.

 

    “Return of Capital” refers to distributions to investors in excess of net income.

 

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Table I

 

EXPERIENCE IN RAISING AND INVESTING FUNDS (1)

(UNAUDITED)

 

Table I provides a summary of the experience of The Lightstone Group as a sponsor in raising and investing funds in programs for which the offerings closed between December 31, 2001 and December 31, 2004. Information is provided as to the manner in which the proceeds of the offerings have been applied, the timing and length of these offerings and the time period over which the proceeds have been invested.

 

     2002

    2003

    2004 (1)

Dollar Amount Offered (total equity)

   $ 8,177,000     $ 36,103,410     $ —  

Dollar Amount Raised from Investors

   $ 4,825,000     $ 8,800,000       —  

Dollar Amount Raised from Sponsor and Affiliates

   $ 3,352,000     $ 27,303,410       —  

Total Dollar Amount

     100 %     100 %     —  

Less offering expenses:

     —         —         —  

Selling commissions and discounts

     2 %     1 %     —  

Retained by affiliates

     —         —         —  

Organizational expenses

     0.4 %     0.1 %     —  

Other (explain)

     —         —         —  

Reserves:

                      

Percent available for investment

     97.6 %     98.9 %     —  

Acquisition costs:

                      

Prepaid items and fees related to purchase of property

     3 %     4 %     —  

Cash down payment—(deposit)

     13 %     1 %     —  

Acquisition fees

     —         —         —  

Other (explain)

     —         —         —  

Total acquisition cost (purchase price + closing costs)

   $ 49,527,000     $ 728,330,810       —  

Percent leverage (mortgage financing divided by total)

     84 %     95 %     —  

Number of Offerings in the Year

     2 (2)     4 (3)     —  

Length of offerings (in months)

     8 and 1 (4)     1 each (4)     —  

Month(s) to invest 90% of amount available for investment

       (4)       (4)     —  

(1) This table only includes information regarding programs with respect to which The Lightstone Group raised capital from third parties. No programs were offered or closed during 2004.
(2) Consisted of retail properties in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey and Barceloneta, Puerto Rico.
(3) Consisted of the retail properties of Prime Outlets throughout the United States and of residential properties in Indiana and Virginia.
(4) All properties in these programs were acquired by our sponsor before it identified investors to invest in the properties. As such, the concept of a time period during which our sponsor invested 90% of the amount available for investment is inapplicable here. However, the periods provided in the “Length of offerings (in months)” row indicate the time spent raising money after our sponsor entered into a definitive agreement to acquire a property but before closing on the acquisition (and during which it received investments from third parties).

 

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Table II

 

COMPENSATION TO SPONSOR (1)

(UNAUDITED)

 

Table II summarizes the amount and type of compensation paid to Lightstone and its affiliates from prior programs during the three years ended December 31, 2004.

 

    Compensation
for 2 programs
that closed in
2002


  Compensation
for 4 programs
that closed in
2003


 

No Programs

were offered

or closed in
2004


  Compensation
for all other
programs that
was received


  Compensation
for all other
programs that
was received


  Compensation
for all other
programs that
was received


Date offering commenced

    2002     2003   n/a   2002   2003   2004

Dollar amount raised

  $ 4,825,000     8,800,000   0   5,650,000   10,475,000   19,275,000

Amount paid to sponsor from proceeds of offering:

    —       —         —     —     —  

Underwriting fees

    —       —         —     —     —  

Acquisition fees

    —       —         —     —     —  

-Real estate commissions

    —       —         —     —     —  

-Advisory fees

    —       —         —     —     —  

-Other (identify and quantify)

    —       —         —     —     —  

Dollar amount of cash generated from operations before deducting payments to sponsor

  $ 197,879   $ 2,373,047   0   3,300,821   6,034,999   30,982,457

Actual amount paid to sponsor from operations:

                           

Property management fees

  $ 1,008   $ 925   0   380,994   1,050,093   1,149,063

Partnership management fees

    —       —         —     —     —  

Reimbursements

    —       —         —     —     —  

Leasing commissions

    —       —         —     —     —  

Other—Distributions from operations

  $ —     $ 702,098   0   1,278,800   3,263,000   7,902,500

Dollar amount of property sales and refinancing before deducting payment to sponsor

                           

-Cash

    —       —         —     —     —  

-Notes

    —       —         —     —     —  

Amount paid to sponsor from property sale and refinancing:

                           

Real estate commissions

    —       —         —     —     —  

Incentive fees

    —       —         —     —     —  

Other (identify and quantify)

    —       —         —     —     —  

(1) This table only includes information regarding programs with respect to which The Lightstone Group raised capital from third parties.

 

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Table III

 

OPERATING RESULTS OF PRIOR PROGRAMS (1)

(UNAUDITED)

 

Table III summarizes the operating results of The Lightstone Group’s prior programs, the offerings of which have closed since December 31, 1999. All figures are as of December 31 of the year indicated.

 

     2000

    2001

    2002

    2003

    2004

 

Number of Programs (2)

     2       4       6       10     10  

Gross Revenues

   $ 522,144     $ 13,774,195     $ 14,893,296     $ 35,572,763     188,178,811  

Profit on sales of properties

     n/a       n/a       n/a       n/a     n/a  

Less: Operating expenses

   $ 161,919     $ 4,131,766     $ 5,097,112     $ 14,766,031     92,422,059  

Interest expense

   $ 284,920     $ 6,302,123     $ 5,894,191     $ 12,149,255     53,449,179  

Depreciation

   $ 175,988     $ 1,801,568     $ 2,747,760       9,025,892     40,767,276  

Net Income—GAAP Basis

   $ (100,683 )   $ 1,538,738     $ 1,154,218       (609,140 ) (3)   (45,223,060 ) (3)

Taxable Income (Loss)

                                      

From operations

     (110,442 )     1,263,243       1,533,769       (4,836,381 ) (4)   —   (5)

From gain on sale

     —         —         —         —       36,920,725  

Cash generated from operations

   $ 360,225     $ 2,607,812     $ 3,116,698     $ 6,739,211        

Cash generated from sales

     —         —         —         —          

Cash generated from refinancing

     —         —         —         —          

Cash generated from operations, sales and refinancing

   $ 360,225     $ 2,607,812     $ 3,116,698     $ 6,739,211     36,920,725  

Less: Cash distribution to investors

                                      

From operating cash flow

   $ 300,000     $ 160,000     $ 700,500     $ 1,290,447     3,642,500  

From sales and refinancing

     —         —         —         —          

From other

     —         —         —         —          

Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions

   $ 60,225     $ 2,447,812     $ 2,416,198     $ 5,448,764     33,278,225  

Less: Special items

     n/a       n/a       n/a       n/a        

Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions and special items

   $ 60,225     $ 2,447,812     $ 2,416,198     $ 5,448,764     33,278,225  

Tax and distribution data per $1,000 invested

     —         —         —         —          

Federal income tax results:

                                      

Ordinary income (loss)

                                      

-from operations

   $ (110,442 )   $ 1,263,243     $ 1,533,769     $ (4,836,381 ) (4)   —   (5)

-from recapture

     —         —         —         —          

Capital gain (loss)

     —         —         —         —          

Cash distributions to investors Source (on GAAP basis)

                                      

-Investment Income

     —         —         —         —          

-Return of capital

     —         —         —         —          

Source (on cash basis)

                                      

-Sales

     —         —         —         —          

-Refinancing

     —         —         —         —          

-Operations

   $ 300,000     $ 160,000     $ 700,500     $ 1,290,747     3,642,500  

-Other

     —         —         —         —          

Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program properties at the end of the last year reported in the table (original total acquisition cost of properties retained divided by original total acquisition cost of all properties in program)

     100 %     100 %     100 %     100 %   100 %

(1) This table only includes information regarding programs with respect to which The Lightstone Group raised capital from third parties.
(2) Including prior years.
(3) Pursuant to the acquisition agreement, Lightstone was required to purchase the entire Prime portfolio. However, its acquisition strategy contemplated retaining only some of the assets and the release of other properties to the lenders. Impairment charges have been recognized on assets that have been surrendered to lenders through deed in lieu of foreclosure transactions or foreclosure transactions.
(4) Lightstone’s 2003 tax loss was due, for the most part, to cost segregation studies that were performed in connection with its acquisition of the Prime Portfolio for the purpose of increasing its depreciation deductions.
(5) 2004 taxable income has not been determined pending the filing of tax returns.

 

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Table IV

 

RESULTS OF COMPLETED PROGRAMS OF THE SPONSOR AND ITS AFFILIATES

 

AND

 

Table V

 

SALES OR DISPOSITIONS OF PROPERTIES

 

NOT APPLICABLE

 

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Appendix B

 

Distribution Reinvestment Plan

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PROGRAM

 

Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), pursuant to its Charter (the “Charter”), has adopted a Distribution Reinvestment Program (the “DRP”), the terms and conditions of which are set forth below. Capitalized terms are defined in Section X of this appendix, unless otherwise defined herein.

 

As agent for the Stockholders who purchase Shares from the Company pursuant to the Company’s public offering of its Shares (the “Offering”) and elect to participate in the DRP (the “Participants”), the Company will apply all distributions, paid with respect to the Shares held by each Participant (the “Distributions”), including Distributions paid with respect to any full or fractional Shares acquired under the DRP, to the purchase of the Shares for said Participants directly, if permitted under state securities laws and, if not, through the Dealer Manager or Soliciting Dealers registered in the Participant’s state of residence. Neither the Company nor its Affiliates will receive a fee for selling Shares under the DRP.

 

Procedure for Participation. Any Stockholder who purchases Shares pursuant to the Company’s Offering may elect to become a Participant by completing and executing the Subscription Agreement or other appropriate authorization form as may be available from the Company, the Dealer Manager or the Soliciting Dealer. Participation in the DRP will begin with the next Distribution payable after receipt of a Participant’s subscription or authorization. Shares will be purchased under the DRP on the record date for the Distribution used to purchase the Shares. Distributions for Shares acquired under the DRP will be paid at the same time as Distributions are paid on Shares purchased outside the DRP and are calculated with a daily record and Distribution declaration date. Each Participant agrees that if, at any time prior to listing of the Shares on a national stock exchange or inclusion of the Shares for quotation on a national market system, he or she fails to meet the suitability requirements for making an investment in the Company or cannot make the other representations or warranties set forth in the Subscription Agreement, he or she will promptly so notify the Company in writing.

 

Purchase of Shares. Participants will acquire Shares from the Company at a fixed price of $9.50 per Share until the first to occur of (i) the termination of the Offering, or (ii) the public offering price per Share in the Offering is increased above $10 per share. Thereafter, Participants will acquire Shares, at the Company’s option, (i) from the Company at a price equal to 95% of the Market Price of a Share on the date of purchase, until such time as the Company’s Shares are listed on a national stock exchange or included for quotation on a national market system or (ii) if a secondary market for the Shares develops, at the price paid by the Company for the Shares in such secondary market. If we do purchase shares in the secondary market and we use the services of a broker, we will allocate the costs of such broker among all the participants in the plan. We will not charge participants for any fees other than the actual third party out-of-pocket expenses that we would incur in the secondary market.

 

In the event of such listing or inclusion, Shares purchased by the Company for the DRP will be purchased on such exchange or market, at the prevailing market price, and will be sold to Stockholders at such price. Prior to such listing or inclusion, the discount per Share is never intended to exceed 5% of the current Market Price of a Share on the date of purchase. Participants in the DRP may also purchase fractional Shares so that 100% of the Distributions will be used to acquire Shares. However, a Participant will not be able to acquire Shares under the DRP to the extent such purchase would cause it to exceed the Ownership Limit or other Share ownership restrictions imposed by the Charter.

 

Prior to the first to occur of (i) the termination of the Offering or (ii) the public offering price per Share in the Offering increasing above $10 per share, it is possible that a secondary market will develop for the Shares,

 

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and that the Shares may be bought and sold on the secondary market at prices lower or higher than the $9.50 per Share price which will be paid under the DRP.

 

The Company shall endeavor to acquire Shares on behalf of Participants at the lowest price then available. However, the Company does not guarantee or warrant that the Participant will be acquiring Shares at the lowest possible price.

 

If the Company’s Shares are listed on a national stock exchange or included for quotation on a national market system, the reservation of any Shares from the Offering for issuance under the DRP, which have not been issued as of the date of such listing or inclusion, will be canceled, and such Shares will continue to have the status of authorized but unissued Shares. Those unissued Shares will not be issued unless they are first registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Act and under appropriate state securities laws or are otherwise issued in compliance with such laws.

 

It is understood that reinvestment of Distributions does not relieve a Participant of any income tax liability which may be payable on the Distributions.

 

Share Certificates. Unless and until the Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, the quotation of the Shares by The Nasdaq Stock Market or the trading of the Shares in the over-the-counter market, the Company will not issue share certificates except to stockholders who make a written request to the Company. The ownership of the Shares will be in book-entry form prior to the issuance of such certificates.

 

Reports. Within 90 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year, the Company will provide each Participant with an individualized report on his or her investment, including the purchase date(s), purchase price and number of Shares owned, as well as the dates of distribution and amounts of Distributions received during the prior fiscal year. The individualized statement to Stockholders will include receipts and purchases relating to each Participant’s participation in the DRP including the tax consequences relative thereto.

 

Termination by Participant. A Participant may terminate participation in the DRP at any time, without penalty, by delivering to the Company a written notice. Prior to listing of the Shares on a national stock exchange or inclusion of the Shares for quotation on a national market system, any transfer of Shares by a Participant to a non-Participant will terminate participation in the DRP with respect to the transferred Shares. If a Participant terminates DRP participation, the Company will provide the terminating Participant with a certificate evidencing the whole shares in his or her account and a check for the cash value of any fractional share in such account. Upon termination of DRP participation, Distributions will be distributed to the Stockholder in cash.

 

Amendment or Termination of DRP by the Company . The Directors of the Company may by majority vote (including a majority of the Independent Directors) amend or terminate the DRP for any reason upon 30 days’ written notice to the Participants.

 

Liability of the Company. The Company shall not be liable for any act done in good faith, or for any good faith omission to act, including, without limitation, any claims or liability: (a) arising out of failure to terminate a Participant’s account upon such Participant’s death prior to receipt of notice in writing of such death; and (b) with respect to the time and the prices at which Shares are purchased or sold for a Participant’s account. To the extent that indemnification may apply to liabilities arising under the Act or the securities laws of a state, the Company has been advised that, in the opinion of the Commission and certain state securities commissioners, such indemnification is contrary to public policy and, therefore, unenforceable.

 

Governing Law. This DRP shall be governed by the laws of the State of Maryland. However, causes of action for violations of federal or state securities laws shall not be governed by this Section IX.

 

Defined Terms.

 

Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Rules and Regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

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Affiliate ” means, with respect to any other Person: (i) any Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding, with the power to vote 10% or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other Person; (ii) any Person 10% or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled or held, with the power to vote, by such other Person; (iii) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such other Person; (iv) any executive officer, director, trustee or general partner of such other Person; and (v) any legal entity for which such Person acts as an executive officer, director, trustee or general partner.

 

Dealer Manager ” means Lightstone Securities, LLC.

 

Directors ” means the members of the Board of Directors of the Company, including the Independent Directors.

 

Independent Directors ” means the Directors who: (i) are not affiliated and have not been affiliated within the two years prior to their becoming an Independent Director, directly or indirectly, with the Company, the Sponsor, or the Advisor, whether by ownership of, ownership interest in, employment by, any material business or professional relationship with, or as an officer or director of the Company, the Sponsor, the Advisor or any of their Affiliates; (ii) do not serve as a director or trustee for more than two other REITs organized by the Company or the Advisor; and (iii) perform no other services for the Company, except as Directors. For this purpose, an indirect relationship shall include circumstances in which a member of the immediate family of a Director has one of the foregoing relationships with the Company, the Sponsor, the Advisor or any of their Affiliates. For purposes of determining whether or not the business or professional relationship is material, the aggregate gross revenue derived by the prospective Independent Director from the Company, the Sponsor, the Advisor and their Affiliates shall be deemed material PER SE if it exceeds 5% of the prospective Independent Directors: (i) annual gross revenue, derived from all sources, during either of the last two years; or (ii) net worth, on a fair market value basis.

 

Market Price ” means on any date the average of the Closing Price (as defined below) per Share for the five consecutive Trading Days (as defined below) ending on such date. The “Closing Price” on any date means the last sale price, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, in either case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed or admitted to trading on the principal national securities exchange on which the Shares are listed or admitted to trading or, if the Shares are not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted price, or if not so quoted, the average of the high “bid” and of the low “ask” prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. (“Nasdaq”), or, if Nasdaq is no longer in use, the principal automated quotation system that may then be in use or, if the Shares are not quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in the Shares selected by the Board, or if there is no professional market maker making a market in the Shares, the average of the last ten (10) sales pursuant to the Offering if the Offering has not concluded, or if the Offering has concluded, the average of the last ten (10) purchases by the Company pursuant to its Share Repurchase Program (the “SRP”), and if there are fewer than ten (10) of such purchases under the SRP, then the average of such lesser number of purchases, or, if the SRP is not then in existence, the price at which the Company is then offering Shares to the public if the Company is then engaged in a public offering of Shares, or if the Company is not then offering Shares to the public, the price at which a Stockholder may purchase Shares pursuant to the Company’s Distribution Reinvestment Program (the “DRP”) if such DRP is then in existence, or if the DRP is not then in existence, the fair market value of the Shares as determined by the Company, in its sole discretion. “Trading Day” shall mean a day on which the principal national securities exchange or national automated quotation system on which the Shares are listed or admitted to trading is open for the transaction of business or, if the Shares are not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange or national automated quotation system, shall mean any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close. The term “regular way” means a trade that is effected in a recognized securities market for clearance and

 

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settlement pursuant to the rules and procedures of the National Securities Clearing Corporation, as opposed to a trade effected “ex-clearing” for same-day or next-day settlement.

 

NASD ” means the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.

 

Ownership Limit ” means the prohibition on beneficial ownership of no more than 9.8%, in number of shares or value, of outstanding Equity Stock of the Company.

 

Shares ” means the shares of voting common stock, par value $.01 per share, of the Company, and “SHARE” means one of those Shares.

 

Soliciting Dealers ” means the dealer members of the NASD, designated by the Dealer Manager.

 

Stockholders ” means the holders of Shares.

 

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Appendix C

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

 

SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT

 

PLEASE MAIL THE ORIGINAL COPY AND YOUR CHECK MADE PAYABLE TO “Trust Company of America, Escrow Agent for Lightstone Value Plus REIT, Inc.” TO: Trust Company of America, 7103 South Revere Parkway, Centennial, CO 80112, Attn: Escrow Department. Please use ballpoint pen or type the information. If you have questions, please call your financial advisor or Lightstone Securities at (866) 792-8700.

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC., Instructions to Subscribers

INSTRUCTIONS

   Any person desiring to subscribe for our common shares should carefully read and review the prospectus, as supplemented to date, and if he/she desires to subscribe for shares, complete the Subscription Agreement/Signature Page which follows these instructions. Follow the appropriate instruction listed below for the items indicated. Please print in ink or type the information.

INVESTMENT

A

  

Item 1—Enter the number of shares to be purchased and the dollars and cents amount of the purchase. Minimum purchase 100 shares ($1,000). Qualified Plans 300 Shares ($3,000).

Check the box to indicate whether this is an initial or an additional investment. The “Additional Investment” box must be checked in order for this subscription to be combined with another subscription for purposes of a volume discount.

B

   Item 2—Check if you desire to participate in our distribution reinvestment program.

REGISTRATION

INFORMATION

C

  

Item 3—Enter the exact name in which the shares are to be held. For co-owners enter the names of all owners. For investments by qualified plans, include the exact name of the plan. For investments by qualified plans, enter the name of the custodian or trustee on the first line and FBO the name of the investor on the second line. If this is an additional purchase by a qualified plan, please use the same exact plan name as previously used.

 

Item 4—Enter mailing address, state of residence, telephone number and E-mail address of owner. For qualified investments, please enter mailing address of custodian or trustee. Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. may deliver correspondence and notices by E-mail or any other electronic means.

 

Item 5—Enter the residence address if different than the mailing address. For qualified investments, please enter the residence address of the investor.

 

Item 6—Enter birth date(s) or date of incorporation.

 

Item 7—Check the appropriate box. If the owner is a non-resident alien, he must apply to the United States Internal Revenue Service for an identification number via Form SS-4 for an individual or SS-5 for a corporation, and supply the number to us as soon as it is available.

 

Item 8—Check this box if the owner is an employee of Lightstone or an individual who has been continuously affiliated with Lightstone as an independent contractor.

 

Item 9—Enter the Social Security number or Taxpayer I.D. number. The owner is certifying that this number is correct. For qualified investments please enter both the investor’s social security number (for identification purposes) and the custodian or trustee’s Taxpayer I.D. number (for tax purposes).

D

   Item 10—Check the appropriate box to indicate the type of entity which is subscribing. If this is an additional purchase, this should be completed exactly the same as previous investment. If the subscriber is a pension or profit sharing plan, indicate whether it is taxable or exempt from taxation under Section 501A of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

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LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC., Instructions to Subscribers

 

SIGNATURE

E

   Item 11—The Subscription Agreement/Signature Page must be executed by the owner(s), and if applicable, the trustee or custodian.

ALTERNATE ADDRESS

FOR DISTRIBUTIONS

(OPTIONAL)

F

   Item 12—If owners desire direct deposit of his/her/their cash distributions to an account or address other than as set forth in the Subscription Agreement/Signature Page, please complete. Please make sure account has been opened and account number is provided, as well as informing recipient that distribution will be forthcoming and is an asset transfer.

BROKER/DEALER

REGISTERED

REPRESENTATIVE

G

  

Item 13—Enter the name of the broker/dealer and the name of the registered representative, along with the street address, city, state, zip code, telephone number, fax and e-mail of the registered representative. By executing the Subscription Agreement/Signature Page, the registered representative substantiates compliance with the conduct rules of the NASD, by certifying that the registered representative has reasonable grounds to believe, based on information obtained from the investor concerning his, her or its investment objectives, other investments, financial situation and needs and any other information known by such registered representative, that an investment in us is suitable for such investor in light of his, her or its financial position, net worth and other suitability characteristics and that the registered representative has informed the investor of all pertinent facts relating to the liability, liquidity and marketability of an investment in us during its term. The registered representative (authorized signature) should sign where provided.

 

Check the box to indicate whether this subscription was solicited or recommended by an investment advisor/broker-dealer whose agreement with the subscriber includes a fixed or “wrap” fee feature for advisory and related brokerage services, and, accordingly, may not charge the regular selling commission. That box must be checked in order for such subscribers to purchase shares net of the selling commissions.

SUBMISSION OF

SUBSCRIPTION

   The properly completed and executed Blue and White copies of the Subscription Agreement/Signature Page together with a CHECK MADE PAYABLE TO “Trust Company of America as Escrow Agent for Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.” should be returned to the owner’s registered representative or Lightstone Value Plus REIT, 7103 South Revere Parkway, Centennial, CO 80112.

NOTE: If a person other than the person in whose name the shares will be held is reporting the income received from us, you must notify us in writing of that person’s name, address and Social Security number.

 

ALL INVESTORS AND THEIR REGISTERED REPRESENTATIVES MUST SIGN THE SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT/SIGNATURE PAGE PRIOR TO TENDERING ANY FUNDS FOR INVESTMENT IN OUR SHARES.

 

CALIFORNIA INVESTORS

 

ALL CERTIFICATES REPRESENTING SHARES WHICH ARE SOLD IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA WILL BEAR THE FOLLOWING LEGEND CONDITIONS: IT IS UNLAWFUL TO CONSUMMATE A SALE OR TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY OR ANY INTEREST THEREIN, OR TO RECEIVE ANY CONSIDERATION THEREFOR, WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF CORPORATIONS OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, EXCEPT AS PERMITTED IN THE COMMISSIONER’S RULES.

 

Any subscriber seeking to purchase shares pursuant to a discount offered by us must submit such request in writing and set forth the basis for the request. Any such request will be subject to our verification.

 

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LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT/SIGNATURE PAGE

Please read this Subscription Agreement/Signature Page and the Terms and Conditions before signing. Subscriber must read the Subscription Instructions.

 

(1)     INVESTMENT

 

MAKE CHECK PAYABLE TO TRUST COMPANY OF AMERICA/ESCROW AGENT FOR LIGHTSTONE REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

 

A This subscription is in the amount of $             for the purchase of              common shares of Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. at $10 per share. Minimum Initial Investment: 100 shares; 300 shares for IRA, Keogh and qualified plan accounts).

 

B This is an:             ¨      INITIAL INVESTMENT        ¨     ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT

 

(2)     DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PROGRAM: ¨ YES Subscriber elects to participate in the distribution reinvestment program described in the prospectus. Distributions will be made by check to the registered owner unless box is marked.

 

C     

 

(3)     REGISTERED OWNER

 

                 ¨ Mr.     ¨ Mrs.     ¨ Ms.

                                                                                                                                       

                 Co-Owner

         

                 ¨ Mr.     ¨ Mrs.     ¨ Ms.

                                                                                                                                       

                 Trustee/Custodian

         

                 ¨ Mr.     ¨ Mrs.     ¨ Ms.

                                                                                                                                       

        (4)     Mailing Address      No P.O. Box

                                                                                                                                       

                State of Residence

                                                                                                                                       

                E-mail Address:

                                              @                                                            @             

 

(5)     RESIDENCE ADDRESS IF DIFFERENT FROM ABOVE OR FOR INVESTOR OF QUALIFIED PLAN

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                          
Street    City    State                            Zip Code

 

        (6)     Date of Birth (Co-Owner                    Date of Birth)                                                                                                                                                  

        (7)      Please Indicate Citizenship

                    Status

  

       ¨   U.S. Citizen

       ¨    Resident Alien

       ¨    Non-Resident Alien

    

        (8)     Employee or Affiliate

                                                                                                                                                 

        (9)     Social Security #

                                                                             

                 Co-Owner Social Security #

                                                                             

                 Corporate or Custodial Tax Identification Number                                                                  

 

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D

   (10)    CHECK ONE

A

     ¨    Individual Ownership

B

     ¨    Joint Tenants with Right of Survivorship (please include each joint tenant’s social security number above)

C

     ¨    Community Property

D

     ¨    Tenants in Common

E

     ¨    Tenants by the Entirety

F

     ¨    Corporate Ownership

G

     ¨    Partnership Ownership

H

     ¨    IRA

I

     ¨    Qualified Plan (Keogh)

J

     ¨    Simplified Employee Pension/Trust (S.E.P.)

K

     ¨    Uniform Gifts to Minors Act State of                      a Custodian for                              .

L

     ¨    Pension or Profit Sharing Plan ¨ Taxable ¨ Exempt under § 501A

M

     ¨   

Trust/Date Trust Established                     

¨ Taxable ¨ Grantor A or B

N

     ¨    Estate

O

     ¨   ¨   

Other (Specify)                     

Taxable ¨ Non-Taxable

 

E

 

(11)    THE UNDERSIGNED CERTIFIES, under penalties of perjury (i) that the taxpayer identification number shown on the Subscription Agreement/Signature Page is true, correct and complete, and (ii) that he is not subject to backup withholding either because he/she has not been notified that he/she is subject to backup withholding as a result of a failure to report all interest or distributions, or the Internal Revenue Service has notified him/her that he/she is no longer subject to backup withholding.

 

The undersigned further acknowledges and/or represents (or in the case of fiduciary accounts, the person authorized to sign on such subscriber’s behalf) the following: (you must separately initial each of the representations below and, if jointly owned, each must initial):

 

 


  

(a) acknowledges receipt, not less than five (5) business days prior to the signing of this Subscription Agreement, of the prospectus of the Company relating to the shares, wherein the terms and conditions of the offering of the shares are described, including among other things, the restrictions on ownership and transfer of shares, which require, under certain circumstances, that a holder of shares must give written notice and provide certain information to Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.;

 


  

(b) represents that I (we) either: (i) have a net worth (excluding home, home furnishings and automobiles) of at least $45,000 and estimate that (without regard to investment in Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.) I (we) have gross income due in the current year of at least $45,000; or (ii) have a net worth (excluding home, home furnishings and automobiles) of at least $150,000, or such higher suitability as may be required by certain states and set forth on the reverse side hereof; in the case of sales to fiduciary accounts, the suitability standards must be met by the beneficiary, the fiduciary account or by the donor or grantor who directly or indirectly supplies the funds for the purchase of the shares;

 


  

(c) represents that the subscribers are purchasing the shares for his or her own account and if I am (we are) purchasing shares on behalf of a trust or other entity of which I am (we are) trustee(s) or authorized agent(s) I (we) have due authority to execute the Subscription Agreement/Signature Page and do hereby legally bind the trust or other entity of which I am (we are) trustee(s) or authorized agent(s);

 


  

(d) acknowledges that the shares are not liquid;

 

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(e) if an affiliate of Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., represents that the shares are being purchased for investment purposes only and not for immediate resale.

 

Print Name(s) of Custodian(s) or Trustee(s) (if Applicable)

    

    
     Signature-Registered Owner

  

X


Authorized Signature (Custodian or Trustee)

  

Signature—Co-Owner

X


  

X


 

A SALE OF THE SHARES MAY NOT BE COMPLETED BY THE SOLICITING DEALERS UNTIL AT LEAST FIVE BUSINESS DAYS AFTER RECEIPT OF THE PROSPECTUS.

 

F

 

(12)     CREDIT AUTHORIZATION (To Single Account)—I (we) hereby authorize Lightstone Securities, LLC (the “Company”) to initiate credit entries for distribution payments to my (our) account indicated below and the financial institution named below (the “Financial Institution”), to credit the same to such account. I (we) acknowledge that the origination of ACH transactions to my (our) account must comply with the provisions of U.S. law.

 

    

(Financial Institution Name)

 


Securities Account #

  

(Branch)

    

(Address)                                                             (City/State)            (Zip  Code)

    

(Bank Routing Number)

  

(Account Number if a Bank)

     Type of Account:                          Checking                               Savings

 

This authority is to remain in full force and effect until the Company has received written notification from me (or either of us) of its termination in such time and manner as to afford the Company and the Financial Institution a reasonable opportunity to act on it.

 

PLEASE ATTACH COPY OF VOIDED CHECK TO THIS FORM IF FUNDS ARE TO BE SENT TO A BANK!

 


(Print Individual Name(s))

 

X


(Signature)

 

X


(Signature)

    /        /    

(Print Individual ID Number)

 

(Date)

   

 

 

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G

 

(13)     BROKER/DEALER DATA—completed by selling Registered Representative (Please use Rep’s address—not home office)

 

PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY

 

Name of Registered Representative                                                                                                                                 

 

Registered Representative’s Telephone Number                                                                                                       

 

Have you changed broker/dealer     ¨ Yes     ¨ No

 

Representative’s email:                                                                                                                                                         

 

RR / FA#                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

Investor Account A/C #                                                                                                                                                        

 

Representative’s fax #:                                                                                                                                                          

 

Representative’s Mailing Address                                                                                                                                    

City, State & Zip Code

 

Broker/Dealer Name                                                                                                                                                              

 

Home Office Mailing Address                                                                                                                                           

City, State & Zip Code

 

X

Signature—Registered Representative:                                                                                                                        

 

¨   REGISTERED INVESTMENT ADVISOR (RIA) (check here) This investment is made through the RIA in its capacity as an RIA and not in its capacity as a Registered Representative whose agreement with the subscriber includes a fixed “wrap” fee feature for advisory and related brokerage services. If an owner or principal or any member of the RIA firm is an NASD licensed Representative affiliated with a broker/dealer, the transaction should be conducted through that broker/dealer, not through RIA.

 

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LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

 

SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT/SIGNATURE PAGE—REVERSE SIDE

 

Certain states have imposed special financial suitability standards for subscribers who purchase shares.

 

Standards for subscribers from Arizona, California, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Mexico, North Carolina, Tennessee and Texas

 

    The subscriber has either (i) a net worth of at least $60,000 (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles) and an annual gross income of at least $60,000, or (ii) a net worth of at least $225,000 (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles).

 

Standards for subscribers from Maine

 

    The subscriber has either (i) a net worth of at least $50,000 (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles), and an annual gross income of at least $50,000, or (ii) a net worth of at least $200,000 (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles).

 

Standards for subscribers from Kansas and Missouri

 

    the subscriber (i) invests no more than 10% of the subscriber’s net worth in us and (ii) has either (a) a net worth of at least $60,000 (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles), and an annual gross income of at least $60,000, or (b) a net worth of at least $225,000 (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles).

 

Standards for subscribers from New Hampshire

 

    The subscriber has either (i) a net worth of at least $125,000 (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles), and an annual gross income of at least $50,000, or (ii) a net worth of at least $250,000 (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles).

 

Standards for the subscribers from Ohio and Pennsylvania

 

    The subscriber has (i) a net worth of at least ten times the subscriber’s investment in us; and (ii) either (a) a net worth of at least $45,000 (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles), and an annual gross income of at least $45,000, or (b) a net worth of at least $150,000 (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles).

 

WE INTEND TO ASSERT THE FOREGOING REPRESENTATIONS AS A DEFENSE IN ANY SUBSEQUENT LITIGATION WHERE SUCH ASSERTION WOULD BE RELEVANT. WE HAVE THE RIGHT TO ACCEPT OR REJECT THIS SUBSCRIPTION IN WHOLE OR IN PART, SO LONG AS SUCH PARTIAL ACCEPTANCE OR REJECTION DOES NOT RESULT IN AN INVESTMENT OF LESS THAN THE MINIMUM AMOUNT SPECIFIED IN THE PROSPECTUS. AS USED ABOVE, THE SINGULAR INCLUDES THE PLURAL IN ALL RESPECTS IF SHARES ARE BEING ACQUIRED BY MORE THAN ONE PERSON. AS USED IN THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT, “LIGHTSTONE” REFERS TO THE LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC. AND ITS AFFILIATES. THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT AND ALL RIGHTS HEREUNDER SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

 

By executing this Subscription Agreement, the subscriber is not waiving any rights under federal or state law.

 

OFFICE USE ONLY   

Investor Check Date                 

Investor Check                         

Check Amount                         

  

Owner Account

Number                                            

Broker/Dealer

Number                                                                                                              

  

Co-Owner

Account Number                           

 

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LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

 

Common Stock

 

1,000,000 SHARES—MINIMUM OFFERING

 

30,000,000 SHARES—MAXIMUM OFFERING

 


 

P R O S P E C T U S

 


 

April 22, 2005

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to make any representations other than those contained in the prospectus and supplemental literature authorized by Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. and referred to in this prospectus, and, if given or made, such information and representations must not be relied upon. This prospectus is not an offer to sell nor is it seeking an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of these securities. You should not assume that the delivery of this prospectus or that any sale made pursuant to this prospectus implies that the information contained in this prospectus will remain fully accurate and correct as of any time subsequent to the date of this prospectus.

 

Until July 21, 2005 (90 days after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as soliciting dealers with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.


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PART II     INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

 

OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION.

 

Securities and Exchange Commission Registration Fee

   $ 43,736.90

NASD Filing Fee

   $ 30,500.00

Printing and Mailing Expenses

   $ 540,000.00

Blue Sky Fees and Expenses

   $ 100,000.00

Legal Fees and Expenses

   $ 1,050,000.00

Accounting Fees and Expenses

   $ 150,000.00

Advertising and Sales Literature

   $ 500,000.00

Due Diligence

   $ 500,000.00

Miscellaneous

   $ 60,763.10
    

Total

   $ 2,975,000.00

 

SALES TO SPECIAL PARTIES.

 

Lightstone SLP, LLC, which is controlled by our sponsor, will receive special general partner interests of our operating partnership in exchange for approximately $30,000,000, assuming 30,000,000 shares are sold pursuant to this offering, which we will use to defray all costs and expenses of this offering, including organization costs and selling commissions. These special general partner interests will not require an initial cash investment by us. If the advisory agreement is terminated, the special general partner interests will be converted into cash in an amount equal to the purchase price of the special general partner interests. Our independent directors will be granted options to purchase shares under the company’s stock option plan at an initial exercise price of $10 per share. Stockholders will be allowed to purchase shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan for $9.50 per Share. Subscribers to shares which are entitled to volume discounts will pay reduced selling commissions. See “Compensation Table—Nonsubordinated Payments,” “Management—Stock Option Plan,” and “Plan of Distribution—Volume Discounts” and “—Other Discounts.”

 

RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES.

 

On July 6, 2004, Lightstone Value Plus REIT LLC purchased from us 20,000 Shares for $10 per Share, for an aggregate purchase price of $200,000, in connection with our organization. Our advisor also made a capital contribution to Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, our operating partnership, in the amount of $2,000 in exchange for 200 limited partnership units of the operating partnership. The 200 limited partnership units received by our advisor may be exchanged, at its option, for 200 shares identical to those being offered pursuant to the Prospectus included in this Registration Statement, subject to our option to pay cash in lieu of such shares. No sales commission or other consideration was paid in connection with such sales, which were consummated without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in reliance upon the exemption from registration in Section 4(2) of the Act as transactions not involving any public offering.

 

INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.

 

The MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from (a) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (b) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. The charter of the Company contains such a provision.

 

Subject to these restrictions, the charter of the Company authorizes it to obligate itself to indemnify and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (a) any individual who is a present or former director or officer of the Company, (b) any individual who, while a director or officer of the

 

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Company and at the request of the Company, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner, or trustee of another corporation, real investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise, and (c) the Advisor and its officers, directors and Affiliates, (such persons and the Advisor and its officers, directors and Affiliates being referred to herein as an Indemnitee) from and against any claim or liability to which an Indemnitee may become subject or which the Indemnitee may incur by reason of his, her or its service in such capacities.

 

However, the Company may not indemnify any Indemnitee unless (a) the Indemnitee has determined in good faith that the course of conduct which caused the loss, liability or expense was in the best interests of the Company, (b) the Indemnitee was acting on behalf of the Company or performing services for the Company and (c) the liability, loss or expense was not the result of negligence or misconduct on the part of the Indemnitee, except that if the Indemnitee is or was an independent director, the liability, loss or expense was not the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct. Further, the Company may not indemnify any Indemnitee for losses, liabilities or expenses arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws unless (y) each claim or count involving alleged violations of federal or state securities has been adjudicated in favor of the Indemnitee, or (z) each such claim or count has been dismissed with prejudice by a court of competent jurisdiction, or a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of each such claim or count and finds that indemnification of the settlement and related costs should be made, and the court considering the matter has been advised of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the published position of any applicable state securities regulatory authority as to indemnification for securities law violations.

 

The Bylaws of the Company obligate it, subject to the limits described above, to indemnify and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to an Indemnitee who is made a party to the proceeding by reason of his service in the capacities described above. The charter and Bylaws also permit the Company to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a predecessor of the Company in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of the Company or a predecessor of the Company.

 

The MGCL requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which the Company’s charter does to the extent described above) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he is made a party by reason of his service in that capacity. The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that (a) the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (i) was committed in bad faith or (ii) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (b) the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification and then only for expenses.

 

In addition, the MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation’s receipt of (a) a written affirmation by the director or officer of his good faith belief that he has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation and (b) a written undertaking by him or on his behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it shall ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct was not met. However, the Company may advance amounts to an Indemnitee only if (w) the proceeding relates to acts or omissions relating to the performance of duties or services for the Company or on its behalf, (x) the proceeding is initiated by a third party who is not a stockholder or is initiated by a stockholder acting in his or her capacity as such, and a court of competent jurisdiction specifically approves the advancement, (y) the Indemnitee provides the Company with written affirmation of his, her or its good faith belief that he, she or it has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification, and (z)

 

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the Indemnitee undertakes in writing to repay the advanced funds to the Company, together with interest at the applicable legal rate of interest if the Indemnitee is found not to be entitled to indemnification.

 

Any indemnification payment or reimbursement of expenses will be furnished in accordance with the procedures in Section 2 418(e) of the MGCL or any successor statute.

 

Our Bylaws provide that neither the amendment, nor the repeal, nor the adoption of any other provision of the Articles or the Bylaws will apply to or affect, in any respect, an indemnified person’s right to indemnification for actions or failures to act which occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.

 

The Lightstone Group intends to enter into separate indemnification agreements with each of the Company’s Directors and certain of its executive officers. The indemnification agreements will require, among other things, that The Lightstone Group indemnify the Company’s Directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by law, and advance to the Directors and officers all related expenses, subject to reimbursement if it is subsequently determined that indemnification is not permitted. The Lightstone Group must also indemnify and advance all expenses incurred by Directors and officers seeking to enforce their rights under the indemnification agreements and cover Directors and officers under The Lightstone Group’s Directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, if any. Although the form of indemnification agreement offers substantially the same scope of coverage afforded by provisions in the Articles and the Bylaws, as a contract, it cannot be unilaterally modified by the board of directors or by the Stockholders to eliminate the rights it provides.

 

To the extent that the indemnification may apply to liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, we have been advised that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is contrary to public policy and, therefore, unenforceable.

 

TREATMENT OF PROCEEDS FROM STOCK BEING REGISTERED.

 

Inapplicable.

 

EXHIBITS

 

The following documents are filed as part of this Registration Statement:

 

EXHIBIT NO.


  

DESCRIPTION


1.1

   Dealer Manager Agreement by and between Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. and Lightstone Securities, LLC.

1.2 (4)

   Form of Soliciting Dealers Agreement by and between Lightstone Securities, LLC and the Soliciting Dealers.

1.3

   Warrant Purchase Agreement by and between Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. and Lightstone Securities, LLC.

3.1

   Amended and Restated Charter of Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.

3.2 (3)

   Bylaws of Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.

4.1

   Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP.

4.2 (1)

   Specimen Certificate for the Shares.

5 .1 (4)

   Opinion of Proskauer Rose LLP as to the legality of the Shares being registered.

5.2 (4)

   Opinion of Venable LLP as to corporate matters.

8 (4)

   Opinion of Proskauer Rose LLP as to tax matters.

 

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EXHIBIT NO.


  

DESCRIPTION


10.1

   Escrow Agreement by and among Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., Trust Company of America and Lightstone Securities.

10.2

   Advisory Agreement by and among Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., Lightstone Value Plus REIT LLC.

10.3

   Management Agreement, by and among Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP and Lightstone Value Plus REIT Management LLC.

10.4 (3)

   Form of the Company’s Stock Option Plan.

10.5 (2)

   Form of Indemnification Agreement by and between The Lightstone Group and the directors and executive officers of Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.

10.6

   Agreement by and among Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, Lightstone SLP, LLC, and David Lichtenstein.

23.1

   Consent of Kamler Lewis & Noreman, LLP.

23.2 (4)

   Consent of Proskauer Rose LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).

23.3 (4)

   Consent of Proskauer Rose LLP (included in Exhibit 8).

23.4 (4)

   Consent of Venable LLP (included in Exhibit 5.2).

24

   Power of Attorney.

(1) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 14, 2004.
(2) Previously filed as an exhibit to Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 22, 2005.
(3) Previously filed as an exhibit to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 2005.
(4) Previously filed as an exhibit to Amendment No. 4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 4, 2005.

 

UNDERTAKINGS.

 

A. The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:

 

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

 

(i) To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

 

(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement; and

 

(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.

 

(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

(3) That all post-effective amendments will comply with the applicable forms, rules and regulations of the Commission at the time such post-effective amendments are filed.

 

(4) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

 

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B. The Registrant undertakes to send to each Stockholder at least on an annual basis a detailed statement of any transactions with the Advisor or its Affiliates, and of fees, commissions, compensation and other benefits paid or accrued to the Advisor or its Affiliates for the fiscal year completed, showing the amount paid or accrued to each recipient and the services performed.

 

C. The Registrant undertakes to provide to the Stockholders the financial statements required by Form 10-K for the first full fiscal year of operations of the Registrant.

 

D. The Registrant hereby undertakes to send to the Stockholders, within 45 days after the close of each quarterly fiscal period, the information specified by Form 10-Q, if such report is required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

E. The Registrant undertakes to file a sticker supplement pursuant to Rule 424(c) under the Act during the distribution period describing each Property not identified in the Prospectus at such time as there arises a reasonable probability that such Property will be acquired and to consolidate all such stickers into a post-effective amendment filed at least once every three months, with the information contained in such amendment provided simultaneously to the existing Stockholders. Each sticker supplement should also disclose all compensation and fees received by the Advisor and its Affiliates in connection with any such acquisition. The post-effective amendment shall include audited financial statements meeting the requirements Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X only for Properties acquired during the distribution period.

 

The Registrant also undertakes to file, after the end of the distribution period, a current report on Form 8-K containing the financial statements and additional information required by Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X, to reflect each commitment (i.e., the signing of a binding purchase agreement) made after the end of the distribution period involving the use of 10% or more (on a cumulative basis) of the net proceeds of the offering and to provide the information contained in such report to the Stockholders at least once each quarter after the distribution period of the offering has ended.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

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Table VI

 

ACQUISITION OF PROPERTIES BY PROGRAMS (1)

(UNAUDITED)

 

Table VI presents information concerning the acquisition of properties during the three years ended December 31, 2004 by prior programs sponsored by The Lightstone Group.

 

    2002

  2003

  2004

Name

    Larchmont    
 
Prime Outlets,
Puerto Rico
   
 
International
Village
   
 
Regency
Park South
   
 
F&W
Properties
    Prime Outlets   None

Location

    Mt. Laurel, NJ    
 
Barceloneta,
PR
   
 
Indianapolis,
IN
   
 
Indianapolis,
IN
   
 
 
Virginia
and North
Carolina
    Various    

Type of Property

    Retail     Retail     Residential     Residential     Residential     29 Retail outlets    

Public/Private

    Private     Private     Private     Private     Private     Private    

Gross leasable space (sq. feet) or number of units and total sq. feet of unit

    123,700 Sq. Ft.     180,583 Sq. Ft.     462 Units     304 Units     1,808 Units     8,416,530 Sq. Ft.    

Date of purchase

    12/2002     12/2002     10/2003     10/2003     10/2003     12/2003    

Mortgage financing at date of purchase

  $ 8,900,000   $ 32,500,000   $ 13,430,000   $ 8,840,000   $ 45,957,400   $ 624,000,000    

Cash down payment Contract purchase price plus acquisition fee

  $ 2,677,000   $ 5,500,000   $ 1,420,000   $ 1,010,000   $ 7,884,610   $ 25,788,800    

Other cash expenditures expensed

    —       —       —       —       —       —      

Other cash expenditures capitalized

    —       —       —       —       —       —      

Total acquisition cost

  $ 11,577,000   $ 38,000,000   $ 14,850,000   $ 9,850,000   $ 53,842,010   $ 649,788,800    

Amount raised from investors

  $ 1,325,000   $ 3,500,000   $ 665,000   $ 435,000   $ 4,500,000   $ 3,200,000    

(1) This table only includes information regarding programs with respect to which The Lightstone Group raised capital from third parties.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-11 and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in New York, State of New York, on the 19th day of May, 2005.

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

By:

 

/s/    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN        


   

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, PRESIDENT AND

CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

NAME


  

CAPACITY


 

DATE


/s/    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN        


David Lichtenstein

  

Chief Executive Officer, President, Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Acquisitions Officer

  May 19, 2005

/ S /    M ICHAEL M. S CHURER        


Michael M. Schurer

  

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

  May 23, 2005

/ S /    B RUNO DE V INCK        


Bruno de Vinck

  

Director

  May 19, 2005

*


John E. D’Elisa

  

Director

  May 19, 2005

*


Edwin J. Glickman

  

Director

  May 19, 2005

*


Joel M. Pashcow

  

Director

  May 19, 2005
*By:  

/s/    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN        


   

David Lichtenstein

Attorney-in-fact

 

II-7

Exhibit 1.1

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

 

30,000,000 SHARES

 

OF COMMON STOCK

 

$.01 PAR VALUE PER SHARE

 

DEALER MANAGER AGREEMENT

 

APRIL 22, 2005

 

Lightstone Securities, LLC

326 Third Street

Lakewood, New Jersey 08701

 

Ladies/Gentlemen:

 

Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. (the “Company”), a Maryland corporation, intends to qualify as a real estate investment trust (a “REIT”) under federal income tax laws. The Company was formed on June 8, 2004, and is governed by the By-Laws (the “By-Laws”) and the Articles of Incorporation, (the “Articles”) in the form included as Exhibits to the Registration Statement, as described in Section 1(a) hereof (such By-Laws and Articles being hereinafter referred to as the “Organizational Documents”). The advisor to the Company is Lightstone Value Plus REIT LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Advisor”). Unless otherwise defined, capitalized terms used herein shall have the same meaning as in the Articles.

 

The Company is offering (i) on a “best efforts” basis up to 30,000,000 shares of common stock, $.0l par value per share (the “Shares”) for a purchase price of $10.00 per Share with a minimum initial investment of $1,000, (ii) up to 4,000,000 Shares for a purchase price of $9.50 per Share for issuance through the Company’s Distribution Reinvestment Program and (iii) 600,000 warrants, which may be issued to you or to Soliciting Dealers (as defined below) (the “Warrants”) and the 600,000 Shares issuable on exercise of the Warrants, all upon the other terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus, as described in Section 1(a) hereof. The subscribers, each of whom will be required to enter into a subscription agreement substantially similar to the form of Subscription Agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) attached as Appendix C to the Prospectus, will, upon acceptance of their subscriptions by and in the discretion of the Company, become stockholders of the Company (the “Stockholders”).

 

1. REPRESENTATION AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY. The Company hereby represents, warrants and agrees with you that:

 

(a) REGISTRATION STATEMENT AND PROSPECTUS. A registration statement (File No.                     ) on Form S-11 with respect to an aggregate of 34,600,000 Shares and 600,000 Warrants. Such 34,600,000 Shares include 4,000,000 Shares issuable pursuant to the Company’s Distribution Reinvestment Program and 600,000 Shares issuable on exercise of the Warrants has been prepared by the Company pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), and the rules and regulations (the “Rules and Regulations”) of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) thereunder and has been filed with the Commission under the Act; one or more amendments to such registration statement have been or may be so prepared and filed. As used in this Agreement, the term “Registration Statement” means such registration statement in the form in which it becomes effective, the term “Effective Date” means the date upon which the Registration Statement is or was first declared effective by the Commission and the term “Prospectus” means the prospectus in the form constituting a part of the Registration Statement as well as in the form first filed with the Commission pursuant to its Rule 424 after the Registration Statement becomes effective. The Commission has not issued any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration


Statement and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending before or threatened by the Commission under the Act.

 

(b) COMPLIANCE WITH THE ACT. From the time the Registration Statement becomes effective and at all times subsequent thereto up to and including the Termination Date (as defined in Section 2(c) hereof):

 

(i) the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto will contain all statements which are required to be stated therein by the Act and the Rules and Regulations and will comply in all material respects with the Act and the Rules and Regulations; and

 

(ii) neither the Registration Statement nor the Prospectus nor any amendment or supplement thereto will at any such time include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

 

(c) NO SUBSEQUENT MATERIAL EVENTS. Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and Prospectus and prior to the Termination Date, except as contemplated in the Prospectus or as disclosed in a supplement or amendment thereto or in the periodic financial statements of the Company, the Company has not and will not have:

 

(i) incurred any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent; or

 

(ii) entered into any material transaction, not in the ordinary course of business and, except as so disclosed, there has not been and will not be any material adverse change in the financial position or results of operations of the Company.

 

(d) CORPORATION STATUS. The Company is a corporation duly formed and validly existing under the General Corporation Law of Maryland.

 

(e) AUTHORIZATION OF AGREEMENT. This Agreement has been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered by or on behalf of the Company and constitutes the valid and binding agreement of the Company enforceable in accordance with its terms (except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws of the United States, any state or any political subdivision thereof which affect creditors’ rights generally or by equitable principles relating to the availability of remedies). The performance of this Agreement, the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein and the fulfillment of the terms hereof, do not and will not result in a breach of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a default under, any statute, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, voting trust agreement, note, lease or other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which the Company or its property is bound, or under any rule or regulation or order of any court or other governmental agency or body with jurisdiction over the Company or any of its properties; and no consent, approval, authorization or order of any court or governmental agency or body has been or is required for the performance of this Agreement or for the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby (except as have been obtained under the Act, from the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (the “NASD”) or as may be required under state securities or blue sky laws in connection with the offer and sale of the Shares or under the laws of states in which the Company may own real properties in connection with its qualification to transact business in such states or as may be required by subsequent events which may occur).

 

(f) PENDING ACTIONS. There is no material action, suit or proceeding pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, to which the Company is a party, before or by any court or governmental agency or body which adversely affects the offering of the Shares.

 

(g) REQUIRED FILINGS. There are no contracts or other documents required to be filed by the Act or the Rules and Regulations of the Commission thereunder as exhibits to the Registration Statement which have not been so filed.

 

2


(h) FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS. The Corporation has obtained an opinion of Proskauer Rose LLP stating that, under existing federal income tax laws and regulations, assuming the Company acts as described in the “Federal Income Tax Considerations” section of the Prospectus and timely files the requisite elections, counsel is of the opinion that the Company has been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT beginning with its taxable year ending December 31, 2004, and that its prior, current and anticipated methods of operation (as described in the Prospectus and represented by management) has enabled and should enable it to satisfy the REIT Requirements (as defined in the Prospectus).

 

(i) INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS. To the best of the Company’s knowledge, the accountants who have certified certain financial statements appearing in the Prospectus are independent public accountants within the meaning of the Act and the Rules and Regulations.

 

(j) ESCROW AGREEMENT. The Company has entered into an escrow agreement (the “Escrow Agreement”) with Lightstone Securities, LLC (the “Dealer Manager”) and Trust Company of America (the “Escrow Agent”), in the form included as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, which provides for the establishment of an escrow account (the “Escrow Account”). During the period commencing with the Effective Date and ending on the Termination Date, the Company will deposit subscribers’ funds in the Escrow Account as described in Section 2 below.

 

(k) SALES LITERATURE. In addition to and apart from the Prospectus, the Company may use certain supplemental sales material in connection with the offering of the Shares. This material, prepared by the Advisor, would consist of a brochure describing the Advisor and its Affiliates and the objectives of the Company and may also contain pictures and summary descriptions of properties similar to those to be acquired by the Company that Affiliates of the Company have previously acquired. This material may also include pictures and summary descriptions of properties similar to those to be acquired by the Company, as well as a brochure, audio-visual materials and tape presentations highlighting and explaining various features of the Offering, properties of prior real estate programs and real estate investments in general; and articles and publications concerning real estate. Business reply cards, introductory letters and seminar invitation forms may be sent to Soliciting Dealers (as hereinafter defined) and prospective investors. These materials shall be hereinafter referred to collectively as the “sales literature.” No person has been authorized to prepare for, or furnish to, a prospective investor, any sales literature other than: (i) that described herein; and (ii) so-called “tombstone” newspaper advertisements/solicitations of interest, limited to identifying the Offering and the location of sources of further information. Use of any sales literature is conditioned upon filing with and, if required, clearance by appropriate regulatory agencies (including, without limitation, the NASD and any state securities regulator or commissioner). Such clearance (if provided), however, does not indicate that the regulatory agency allowing the use of the materials has passed on the merits of the Offering or the adequacy or accuracy of the sales materials. Except as described herein, the Company has not authorized the use of other supplemental literature or sales material in connection with this Offering.

 

Although it is believed that the information contained in the sales literature or sales material will not conflict with any of the information set forth in the Prospectus, the sales literature will not purport to be complete, and should not be considered as a part of the Prospectus, or as incorporated in the Prospectus by reference, or as forming the basis of the Offering.

 

(l) AUTHORIZATION OF THE SHARES. The Company has an authorized and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement and Prospectus. The sale of the Shares has been duly and validly authorized by the Company, and when subscriptions for the Shares have been accepted by the Company as contemplated in the Prospectus and the Shares have been issued to the respective subscribers, the Shares will represent ownership in the Company and will conform to the description thereof contained in the Prospectus. Stockholders have no preemptive rights to purchase or subscribe for securities of the Company, and the Shares are not convertible or subject to redemption at the option of the Company. The Shares are entitled to one vote per Share and do not have cumulative voting rights. Subject to the rights of the holders of any class of capital stock of the Company having any preference or priority over the Shares, the Stockholders are entitled to distributions in such amounts as may be declared by the Board of Directors

 

3


from time to time out of funds legally available for such payments and, in the event of liquidation, to share ratably in any assets of the Company remaining after payment in full of all creditors and provisions for any liquidation preferences on any outstanding preferred stock ranking prior to the Shares.

 

2. OFFERING AND SALE OF THE SHARES. On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company hereby appoints you as its exclusive Dealer Manager to solicit and to cause other dealers (as described in Section 2(a) hereof) to solicit subscriptions for the Shares at the subscription price to be paid and otherwise upon the other terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus and in the Subscription Agreement, and you agree to use your best efforts as such Dealer Manager to procure subscribers for the Shares, during the period commencing with the Effective Date and ending on the Termination Date (the “Offering Period”). The number of Shares, if any, to be reserved for sale by each Soliciting Dealer may be decided by the mutual agreement, from time to time, of you and the Company. In the absence of such mutual agreement, the Company shall, subject to the provisions of Section 2(b) hereof accept Subscription Agreements based upon a first-come, first accepted reservation or other similar method.

 

(a) SOLICITING DEALERS. The Shares offered and sold through you under this Agreement shall be offered and sold only by you and, at your sole option, any other securities dealers whom you may retain (collectively the “Soliciting Dealers”), each of whom are members of the NASD, executing agreements with you substantially in the form of the Soliciting Dealers Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A.

 

(b) SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENTS AND SUBSCRIBERS’ FUNDS. Each person desiring to purchase Shares through you or any other Soliciting Dealer will be required to complete and execute the Subscription Agreement and to deliver such document to you or such Soliciting Dealer, together with a check payable to the order of “Trust Company of America, Escrow Agent for Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.” in the amount of $10 per Share. Each Soliciting Dealer shall forward any such Subscription Agreement and check to you not later than noon of the next business day after receipt of such Subscription Agreement, if the Soliciting Dealer conducts its internal supervisory procedures at the location where the Subscription Agreement and check were initially received. When such internal supervisory procedures are to be performed at a different location (the “Final Review Office”), the Subscription Agreement and check must be transmitted to the Final Review Office by the end of the next business day following receipt of the Subscription Agreement and check by the Soliciting Dealer. The Final Review Office will, by the next business day following receipt of the Subscription Agreement and check, forward both the Subscription Agreement and check to you as processing broker-dealer in order that you may complete your review of the documentation and process the Subscription Agreement and check. The Company will have representatives available to review the Subscription Agreement at your location in order to determine whether it wishes to accept the proposed purchaser as a Stockholder, it being understood that the Company reserves the unconditional right to reject the tender of any Subscription Agreement and check (exclusive of the Company’s Distribution Reinvestment Program). Any check received by you directly or as processing broker-dealer from the Soliciting Dealers will, in all cases, be forwarded to the Escrow Agent as soon as practicable, but in any event by the end of the second business day following receipt by you of the Subscription Agreement and check. The Company will promptly notify you or the Soliciting Dealer, as appropriate, of any rejection, and you shall send the check and the Subscription Agreement to the Escrow Agent with directions to promptly return both the Subscription Agreement and check to the rejected subscriber. All subscription funds must be deposited in the Escrow Account.

 

Nothing contained in this Section 2 shall be construed to impose upon the Company the responsibility of assuring that prospective purchasers meet the suitability standards contained in the Prospectus or to relieve you or any of the Soliciting Dealers of the responsibility of complying with the Rules of the NASD.

 

(c) TERMINATION OF THE OFFERING. The Offering Period will terminate on a date on or before one year from the date of the Prospectus (subject to requalification in certain states, the Company may extend the Offering Period from time to time, but in no event for longer than two years from the date of the original Prospectus), subject in any event to the Company’s right to terminate the Offering at any time (the “Termination Date”) and the proceeds will be applied as set forth in the Prospectus.

 

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(d) DEALER-MANAGER COMPENSATION.

 

(i) The Company agrees to pay to you a sales commission of 7% of the sales price for each Share sold (except for Special Sales) from the 30,000,000 Shares offered on a “best efforts” basis, as set forth in the Prospectus under the caption “Plan of Distribution,” subject to the limitations described below, to award and issue to you one Soliciting Dealer Warrant for every 50 Shares sold from the 30,000,000 Shares offered on a “best efforts” basis, of which such compensation may be retained or reallowed by you, subject to federal and state securities laws, to the Soliciting Dealer who sold the Shares, as described more fully in the Soliciting Dealers Agreement. In lieu of reimbursement of specific expenses, and as compensation for acting as the managing dealer, you will also receive, subject to the limitations described herein and in the Prospectus, a managing dealer fee equal to 1% of the sale price from the 30,000,000 Shares offered on a “best efforts” basis, of which such fee may be retained or reallowed by you, subject to federal and state securities laws, to the Soliciting Dealer who sold the Shares, as described more fully in the Soliciting Dealers Agreement. No sales commissions or dealer manager fees will be paid in connection with common stock sold under the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan.

 

Single Purchasers (as defined below) purchasing more than $250,000 worth of Shares (25,000 Shares) will be entitled to a reduced Share purchase price and a reduction in selling commissions payable in connection with the purchase of such Shares in accordance with the following schedule:

 

Amount of Single

          Purchaser’s Investment          


   Purchase price per Share
for incremental Share in
discount range


   Maximum
Commission
Per Share


$        1,000 - $     250,000

   $ 10.00    $ 0.70

$    250,001 - $     500,000

   $ 9.85    $ 0.55

$    500,001 - $     750,000

   $ 9.70    $ 0.40

$    750,001 - $  1,000,000

   $ 9.60    $ 0.30

$ 1,000,001 - $  5,000,000

   $ 9.50    $ 0.20

 

Any reduction from the amount of selling commissions otherwise payable to you and reallowable to a Soliciting Dealer in respect of a purchaser’s subscription will be credited to the purchaser in the form of additional whole Shares purchased net of commissions. No fractional Shares will be issued. As to sales of Shares which are entitled to the above described volume discounts, the Company will pay the reduced selling commissions set forth above.

 

Selling commissions for purchases of $5,000,000 or more will, in the Company’s sole discretion, be reduced to $0.20 per Share or less, but in no event will the proceeds to the Company from the sale of such Shares be less than $9.30 per Share (except for Shares sold to affiliates of the Company at a price of $9.10 per share, which is the purchase price per Share net of any selling commissions and organization and offering expenses). Selling commissions paid will in all cases be the same for the same level of sales. In the event of a sale of $5,000,000 or more, the Company will supplement the Prospectus in the manner described in the Prospectus under the section “Volume Discounts”.

 

Certain subscriptions may be combined for the purpose of crediting a purchaser or purchasers with additional Shares for the above described volume discount and for determining commissions payable to you and reallowable to Soliciting Dealers so long as all such combined purchases are made through the same Soliciting Dealer and approved by the Company. As used herein, the term “Single Purchaser” will include (i) any person or entity, or persons or entities, acquiring Shares as joint purchasers; (ii) all profit-sharing, pension and other retirement trusts maintained by a given corporation, partnership or other entity; (iii) all funds and foundations maintained by a given corporation partnership or other entity; and (iv) all profit-sharing, pension and other retirement trusts and all funds or foundations over which a designated bank or other trustee, person or entity (except an investment advisor registered under the Investment Advisors Act of 1940) exercises discretionary authority with respect to an investment in the Company.

 

The investor must mark the “Additional Investment” space on the Subscription Agreement Signature Page, and set forth the basis for the discount and identity the orders to be combined in order for subscriptions to be combined. The Company is not responsible for failing to combine subscriptions, where the investor fails to mark the “Additional Investment” space.

 

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If the Subscription Agreements for the subscriptions to be combined are submitted at the same time, then the additional Shares to be credited to the purchasers as a result of such combined purchases will be credited on a pro-rata basis. If the Subscription Agreements for the subscriptions to be combined are not submitted at the same time, then any additional Shares to be credited as a result of such combined purchases will be credited to the last component purchase, unless the Company is otherwise directed in writing at the time of such submission; except however, the additional Shares to be credited to any Tax-Exempt Entities whose subscriptions are combined for purposes of the volume discount will be credited only on a pro-rata basis based on the amount of the investment of each Tax-Exempt Entity and their combined purchases.

 

In the event the dollar amount of commissions paid for such combined purchases exceeds the maximum commissions for such combined purchases (taking the volume discount into effect), you will be obligated to forthwith return to the Company any excess commissions received. The Company may adjust any future commissions due to you for any such excess commissions that have not been returned.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is understood and agreed that no commission shall be payable with respect to particular Shares if the Company rejects a proposed subscriber’s Subscription Agreement, which it may do for any reason or for no reason, as set forth in the form of Subscription Agreement. In addition, no selling commission shall be payable in connection with the sale of Shares to employees and associates of the Company and its Affiliates, the Advisor, affiliates of the Advisor, the Dealer Manager or the Soliciting Dealers.

 

Volume discounts will not be available to California residents to the extent that such discounts do not comply with the provisions of Rule 260.145.51 adopted pursuant to the California Corporate Securities Law of 1968, which provides that volume discounts can be made available to California residents only in accordance with the following conditions: (i) there can be no variance in the net proceeds to the Company from the sale of the Shares to difference purchasers of the same offering; (ii) all purchasers of the Shares must be informed of the availability of quantity discounts; (iii) the same volume discounts must be allowed to all purchasers of Shares which are part of the offering; (iv) the minimum amount of shares as to which volume discounts are allowed cannot be less than $10,000; (v) the variance in the price of the shares must result solely from a different range of commissions, and all discounts must be based on a uniform scale of commissions; and (vi) no discounts are allowed to any group of purchasers. Accordingly, volume discounts for California residents will be available in accordance with the foregoing table of uniform discount levels based on dollar volume of shares purchased, but no discounts are allowed to any group of purchasers, and no subscriptions may be aggregated as part of a combined order for purposes of determining the number of Shares issued.

 

(ii) All sales commissions payable to you will be paid on a monthly basis, substantially concurrently with the acceptance of a subscriber as a Stockholder by the Company, in an amount equal to the sales commissions payable with respect to such Shares; provided however, the Company reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to change the frequency of the payment of such commissions to a monthly basis.

 

3. COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY. The Company covenants and agrees with you as follows:

 

(a) REGISTRATION STATEMENT. The Company will use its best efforts to cause the Registration Statement and any subsequent amendments thereto to become effective as promptly as possible and will not, at any time after the Effective Date, file any amendment to the Registration Statement or supplement to the Prospectus of which you shall not previously have been advised and furnished a copy at a reasonable time prior to the proposed filing or to which you shall have reasonably objected or which is not, to the best of the Company’s knowledge in compliance with the Act and the Rules and Regulations. The Company will prepare and file with the Commission and will use its best efforts to cause to become effective as promptly as possible:

 

(i) any amendments to the Registration Statement or supplements to the Prospectus which may be required pursuant to the undertakings in the Registration Statement; and

 

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(ii) upon your reasonable request any amendments to the Registration Statement or supplements to the Prospectus which, in the opinion of you or your counsel, may be necessary or advisable in view of the requirements of the Act and the Rules and Regulations in connection with the offer and sale of the Shares during the Offering Period.

 

(b) SEC ORDERS. As soon as the Company is advised or obtains knowledge thereof, it will advise you of any request made by the Commission for amending the Registration Statement, supplementing the Prospectus or for additional information, or of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order or of any other order preventing or suspending the use of the Prospectus or the institution of any proceedings for that purpose, and will use its best efforts to prevent the issuance or any such order and, if any such order is issued, to obtain the removal thereof as promptly as possible.

 

(c) BLUE SKY QUALIFICATIONS. The Company will use its best efforts to qualify the Shares for offering and sale under the securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions as you may reasonably request and to make such applications, file such documents and furnish such information as may be reasonably required for that purpose. The Company will, at your request, furnish you copies of all material documents and correspondence sent to or received from such jurisdictions (including, but not limited to, summaries of telephone calls and copies of telegrams) and will promptly advise you as soon as the Company obtains knowledge thereof to the effect that the Shares are qualified for offering and sale in each such jurisdiction. The Company will promptly advise you of any request made by the securities administrators of each such jurisdiction for revising the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or for additional information or of the issuance by such securities administrators of any stop order preventing or suspending the use of the Prospectus or of the institution of any proceedings for that purpose, and will use its best efforts to prevent the issuance of any such order and if any such order is issued, to obtain the removal thereof as promptly as possible. The Company will furnish you with a Blue Sky Survey dated as of the Effective Date, which will be supplemented to reflect changes or additions to the information disclosed in such survey.

 

(d) AMENDMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTS. If at any time when a Prospectus relating to the Shares is required to be delivered under the Act, any event shall have occurred to the knowledge of the Company as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact, or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein not misleading in light of the circumstances existing at the time it is so required to be delivered to a subscriber, or if it is necessary at any time to amend the Registration Statement or supplement the Prospectus relating to the Shares to comply with the Act, the Company will promptly notify you thereof and will prepare and file with the Commission an amendment or supplement which will correct such statement or effect such compliance.

 

(e) COPIES OF REGISTRATION STATEMENT. The Company will furnish you copies of the Registration Statement (only one of which need be signed and need include all exhibits), the Prospectus and all amendments and supplements thereto, including any amendment or supplement prepared after the Effective Date, and such other information with respect to the Company as you may from time to time reasonably request, in each case as soon as available and in such quantities as you may reasonably request.

 

(f) QUALIFICATION TO TRANSACT BUSINESS. The Company will take all steps necessary to ensure that at all times the Company will be validly existing as a Maryland corporation and will be qualified to do business in all jurisdictions in which the conduct of its business requires such qualification and where such qualification is required under local law.

 

(g) AUTHORITY TO PERFORM AGREEMENTS. The Company undertakes to obtain all consents, approvals, authorizations or orders of any court or governmental agency or body which are required for the performance of this Agreement and under the Organizational Documents or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, respectively, or the conducting by the Company of the business described in the Prospectus.

 

7


(h) COPIES OF REPORTS. The Company will use its best efforts to furnish to you as promptly as shall be practicable the following:

 

(i) a copy of each report or general communication (whether financial or otherwise) sent to the Stockholders;

 

(ii) a copy of each report (whether financial or otherwise) filed with the Commission; and

 

(iii) such other information as you may from time to time reasonably request regarding the financial condition and operations of the Company including, but not limited to, copies of operating statements of properties acquired by the Company.

 

(i) USE OF PROCEEDS. The Company will apply the proceeds from the sale of the Shares as stated in the Prospectus or, if for any reason whatsoever all or a portion of the proceeds of the Offering are not applied or committed for use as stated within 24 months of the Termination Date, or if at least 2,500,000 Shares are not sold within one year from the effective date of the Prospectus, the Company shall promptly return those proceeds from the sale of the Shares not so applied or committed, or from the sale of the Shares below 2,500,000, as stated in the Prospectus, with interest, to the subscribers, each subscriber sharing in the return in the ratio that the number of the Shares owned by such subscriber bears to the total number of the Shares owned by all subscribers.

 

(j) ORGANIZATION AND OFFERING EXPENSES. In no event shall the total of the organizational expenses and expenses of the Offering to be paid directly by the Company exceed 10% of the gross proceeds of the Offering.

 

4. COVENANTS OF THE DEALER MANAGER. You covenant and agree with the Company on your behalf and on behalf of the Soliciting Dealers as follows:

 

(a) COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS. With respect to your participation and the participation by each Soliciting Dealer in the offer and sale of the Shares (including, without limitation any resales and transfers of Shares), you agree, and each Soliciting Dealer agrees, to comply and shall comply with any applicable requirements of the Act, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the published rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, and the applicable state securities or blue sky laws, and the Rules of the NASD, specifically including, but not in any way limited to, Rules 2440, 2730, 2740, and 2750 therein. In particular, you agree not to deliver the sales literature (as defined above) to any person prior to the Effective Date and, after the Effective Date, not to deliver the sales literature to any person unless the sales literature is accompanied or preceded by the Prospectus. In addition, you shall, in accordance with applicable law or as prescribed by any state securities administrator, provide or cause Soliciting Dealers to provide to any prospective investor copies of any prescribed document which is part of the Registration Statement.

 

With respect to your and each Soliciting Dealer’s participation in any resales or transfers of the Shares, you agree, and each Soliciting Dealer agrees, to comply and shall comply with any applicable requirements as set forth above. In addition, you and each Soliciting Dealer agree that should you or they assist with the resale or transfer of the Shares, you and each Soliciting Dealer will fulfill the obligations pursuant to Sections 3(b) and 4(d) of Rule 2810 of the Rules of the NASD.

 

(b) NO ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. In offering the Shares for sale, you and each Soliciting Dealer shall not give or provide any information or make any representation other than those contained in the Prospectus, the sales literature or any other document provided to you for such purpose by the Company.

 

(c) SALES OF SHARES. You and each Soliciting Dealer shall solicit purchases of the Shares only in the jurisdictions in which you and such Soliciting Dealer are legally qualified to so act and in which you and each Soliciting Dealer have been advised by the Company that such solicitations can be made.

 

(d) SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT. Subscriptions will be submitted by you and each Soliciting Dealer to the Company only on the form which is included as Appendix C to the Prospectus. You and each Soliciting Dealer understand and acknowledge that the Subscription Agreement must be executed and initialed by the subscriber.

 

8


(e) SUITABILITY. In offering the Shares to any person, you and each Soliciting Dealer shall have reasonable grounds to believe (based on such information as the investment objectives, other investments, financial situation and needs of the person or any other information known by you after due inquiry) that: (i) such person has the capability of understanding the fundamental aspects of the Company, which capacity may be evidenced by the following: (A) the nature of employment experience; (B) educational level achieved; (C) access to advice from qualified sources, such as attorneys, accountants and tax advisors; and (D) prior experience with investments of a similar nature; (ii) such person has apparent understanding of: (A) the fundamental risks and possible financial hazards of this type of investment; (B) the lack of liquidity of this investment; (C) the Advisor’s role in directing or managing the investment; and (D) the tax consequences of the investment; and (iii) such person has the financial capability to invest in the Company and you or each Soliciting Dealer (as the case may be) shall maintain records disclosing the basis upon which you and each Soliciting Dealer determined the suitability of any persons offered Shares. Notwithstanding the foregoing, you and each Soliciting Dealer shall have reasonable grounds to believe that such person has either: (a) a minimum annual gross income of $45,000 and a minimum net worth (exclusive of home, home furnishing and automobiles) of $45,000; or (b) a minimum net worth (determined with the foregoing exclusions) of $150,000. Suitability standards are higher in certain states as set forth in the Subscription Agreement and the Prospectus. You and/or the Soliciting Dealers shall maintain, for at least six years, a record of the information obtained to determine that an investor meets the suitability standards imposed on the offer and sale of the Shares (both at the time of the initial subscription and at the time of any additional subscriptions) and a representation of the investor that the investor is investing for the investor’s own account or, in lieu of such representation, information indicating that the investor for whose account the investment was made met the suitability standards.

 

(f) DUE DILIGENCE. Prior to offering the Shares for sale, you and each Soliciting Dealer shall have conducted an inquiry such that you have reasonable grounds to believe, based on information made available to you by the Company through the Prospectus or other materials, that all material facts are adequately and accurately disclosed and provide a basis for evaluating the purchase of the Shares. In determining the adequacy of disclosed facts pursuant to the foregoing, you and each Soliciting Dealer may obtain, upon request, information on material facts relating at a minimum to the following:

 

(1) items of compensation;

 

(2) Company properties, if any;

 

(3) tax aspects;

 

(4) conflicts and risk factors; and

 

(5) appraisals and other pertinent reports.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, you and each Soliciting Dealer may rely upon the results of an inquiry conducted by another Soliciting Dealer, provided that:

 

(i) such Soliciting Dealer has reasonable grounds to believe that such inquiry was conducted with due care;

 

(ii) the results of the inquiry were provided to you with the consent of the Soliciting Dealer conducting or directing the inquiry; and

 

(iii) no Soliciting Dealer that participated in the inquiry is an affiliate of the Company or the Advisor.

 

(g) OFFERING PRICE ADJUSTMENT. If, after the Effective Date, the Company shall adjust the initial purchase price of $10.00 per Share for the 30,000,000 Shares to be offered for sale on a “best efforts” basis in the Offering, you agree (and each Soliciting Dealer agrees) that the total of all compensation payable to the Dealer Manager as provided in Section 2(d) above, shall be adjusted proportionally. In no event shall the total of all such compensation paid to you and to all Soliciting Dealers (i.e., the aggregate of the sales commission exceed seven percent (7%) of the total of all subscription proceeds received by the Company.

 

 

9


(h) NOTIFICATION OF CONFERENCES AND SEMINARS. So that we may comply with NASD requirements, we will require all Soliciting Dealers to notify us of any educational seminars or conferences that they conduct not in connection with us.

 

Prior to the sale of the Shares, you and each Soliciting Dealer shall inform the prospective purchaser of all pertinent facts relating to the liquidity and marketability of the Shares during the term of the investment.

5. EXPENSES. The Company agrees with you that, whether or not the transactions contemplated in this Agreement are consummated, the Company will pay all fees and expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including, but not limited to:

 

(a) the Commission’s registration fee;

 

(b) expenses of printing the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto and the expense of furnishing to you copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto as herein provided;

 

(c) fees and expenses of its and your accountants and counsel in connection with the Offering contemplated by this Agreement;

 

(d) fees and expenses incurred in connection with any required filing with the NASD;

 

(e) all of your expenses in connection with the Offering, subject to the limitations contained in the Prospectus, including, but not limited to, the salaries, fringe benefits, travel expenses and similar expenses of your employees and personnel incurred in connection with the Offering; and

 

(f) expenses of qualifying the Shares for offering and sale under state blue sky and securities laws, and expenses in connection with the preparation and printing of the Blue Sky Survey.

 

In no event, however, will the total of the selling commissions paid to you (which you may reallow to the Soliciting Dealers) exceed 7% of the gross proceeds of the Offering.

 

6. CONDITIONS OF OBLIGATIONS. Your obligations hereunder shall be subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company contained in Section 1 hereof, the accuracy of the statements of the Company made pursuant to the provisions hereof, to the performance by the Company of its covenants, agreements and obligations contained in Sections 3 and 5 hereof, and to the following additional conditions:

 

(a) EFFECTIVENESS OF REGISTRATION STATEMENT. The Registration Statement shall have become effective not later than 5:00 p.m., New York, New York time, on the day following the date of this Agreement, or such later time and date as you and the Company shall have agreed; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall have been issued by the Commission and, to the best knowledge of the Company or you, no proceedings for that purpose shall have been instituted, threatened or contemplated by the Commission; and any request by the Commission for additional information (to be included in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or otherwise) shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of you or your counsel.

 

(b) ACCURACY OF REGISTRATION STATEMENT. You shall not have advised the Company that the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or any amendment or any supplement thereto, in the reasonable opinion of you or your counsel, contains any untrue statement of fact which is material, or omits to state a fact which is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.

 

7. INDEMNIFICATION.

 

(a) Subject to the limitations set forth below, the Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless you, each Soliciting Dealer and each person, if any, who controls you or any Soliciting Dealer within the meaning of the Act (collectively, the “Indemnified Parties”), against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever caused by any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, or the

 

10


omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Such indemnification shall be subject to the provisions of Sections 7(b) and (c) of this Agreement.

 

The Company shall not provide indemnification for any liability or loss suffered by you, nor shall it provide that you be held harmless for any liability suffered by the Company, unless all of the following conditions are met: (i) the party seeking indemnification has determined, in good faith, that its course of conduct, if such course of conduct caused the loss or liability, was in the best interests of the Company; (ii) the person seeking indemnification was acting on behalf of or performing services on behalf of the Company; (iii) such liability or loss was not the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the party seeking indemnification or the Indemnified Party; and (iv) such indemnification or agreement to be held harmless is recoverable only out of the assets of the Company and not from the Stockholders.

 

In no case shall the Company be liable under this indemnity agreement with respect to any claim made against any of the Indemnified Parties unless the Company shall have been notified in writing (in the manner provided in Section 10 hereof) of the nature of the claim within a reasonable time after the assertion thereof; but the failure to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company from any liability which the Company would have incurred otherwise than on account of this indemnity agreement. The Company shall be entitled to participate, at its own expense, in the defense of, or if it so elects within a reasonable time after receipt of such notice, to assume the defense of any claim or suit for which any of the Indemnified Parties seek indemnification hereunder. If the Company elects to assume said defense, such defense shall be conducted by counsel chosen by it and reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Parties.

 

In the event that the Company elects to assume the defense of any such suit and retains such counsel, the Company shall not be liable under this Section 7 to the Indemnified Parties in the suit for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by the Indemnified Parties, and the Indemnified Parties shall bear the fees and expenses of any additional counsel retained by the Indemnified Parties unless: (A) the employment of counsel by the Indemnified Party has been authorized by the Company; or (B) the Company shall not in fact have employed counsel to assume the defense of such action, in either of which events such fees and expenses shall be borne by the Company.

 

The Company may advance amounts to the Indemnified Parties for legal and other expenses and costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which indemnification is being sought only if all of the following conditions are satisfied: (i) the legal action relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services by one or more Indemnified Parties for or on behalf of the Company; (ii) the legal action is initiated by a third party who is not a Stockholder or is initiated by a Stockholder acting in his or her capacity as such and a court of competent jurisdiction specifically approves such advancement; and (iii) the Indemnified Parties receiving such advances undertake to repay the advanced funds to the Company, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, in cases in which such Indemnified Parties are thereafter found not to be entitled to indemnification.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 7, the Company will not be liable in any such case to the extent that any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by or on behalf of you or any Soliciting Dealer for use in the preparation of the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereof) or the Prospectus (or any supplement thereto). The foregoing indemnity agreement is subject to the further condition that, insofar as it relates to any untrue statement, alleged untrue statement, omission or alleged omission made in the Prospectus but eliminated or remedied in any amendment or supplement thereto, such indemnity agreement shall not inure to your benefit or to any Soliciting Dealer from whom the person asserting any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense purchased the Shares which are the subject thereof (or to the benefit of any person who controls you or any Soliciting Dealer), if a copy of the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented was not sent or given to such person at or prior to the time the subscription of such person was accepted by the Company; but only if a copy of the Prospectus (as so amended or supplemented) had been supplied by the Company to you or any Soliciting Dealer prior to such acceptance. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability which the Company may otherwise have.

 

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(b) The indemnification and agreement to hold harmless provided in subparagraph (a) of this Section 7 is further limited to the extent that no such indemnification by the Company of you or a Soliciting Dealer shall be permitted under this Agreement for or arising out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws unless one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations by you or any Soliciting Dealer and a court of competent jurisdiction has approved indemnification of the litigation costs; (ii) such claims against you or any Soliciting Dealer have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the particular indemnitee and the court has approved indemnification of the litigation costs; or (iii) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against you or any Soliciting Dealer and finds that indemnification of the settlement and related costs should be made and the court considering the request has been advised of the position of the Commission and of any state securities regulatory authority in which securities of the Company were offered and sold as to indemnification for securities law violations.

 

(c) You and each Soliciting Dealer agree to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Act and any controlling person of the Company: (i) to the same extent as in the foregoing indemnity from the Company to you and each Soliciting Dealer, but only with reference to statements or omissions based upon the information relating to you or any Soliciting Dealer furnished in writing by you or such Soliciting Dealer or on your or their behalf for use in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto; and (ii) for any violation by you or any Soliciting Dealer in the sale of the Shares of any applicable state or federal law or any rule, regulation or instruction thereunder, provided that such violation is not committed in reliance on any violation by the Company of such law, rule, regulation or instruction. You and each Soliciting Dealer further agree to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and any controlling person of the Company against any losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses to which the Company or any such controlling person may become subject under the securities or blue sky laws of any jurisdiction insofar as such losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses (or actions, proceedings or investigations in respect thereof) arise by reason of a sale of the Shares through the efforts of you (with respect to sales effected without the assistance of a Soliciting Dealer) or a Soliciting Dealer (with respect to sales effected by such Soliciting Dealer) which is effected other than in accordance with the Blue Sky Survey supplied to you by the Company (a “Non-Permitted Sale”), whether such Non-Permitted Sale is caused by a sale in a jurisdiction other than those specified in the Blue Sky Survey, by a sale in a jurisdiction in which you or the Soliciting Dealer is not registered to sell the Shares or which results in a sale in a jurisdiction in excess of the number of Shares permitted to be sold in such jurisdiction, and will reimburse the Company or any such controlling person for any legal fees, monetary penalties or other expenses reasonably incurred by any of them in connection with investigating, curing or defending against any such losses, liabilities, claims, damages, actions, proceedings or investigations. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability which you or any Soliciting Dealer may otherwise have.

 

(d) The notice provisions contained in Section 7(a) hereof, relating to notice to the Company, shall be equally applicable to you and each Soliciting Dealer if the Company or any controlling person of the Company seeks indemnification pursuant to Section 7(c) hereof. In addition, you and each Soliciting Dealer may participate in the defense, or assure the defense, of any such suit so sought under Section 7(c) hereof and have the same rights and privileges as the Company enjoys with respect to such suits under Section 7(a) hereof.

 

8. TERMINATION OF THIS AGREEMENT. This Agreement may be terminated by you in the event that the Company shall have materially failed to comply with any of the material provisions of this Agreement on its part to be performed at or prior to the Effective Date or if any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements of the Company herein contained shall not have been materially complied with or satisfied within the times specified.

 

In any case, this Agreement shall terminate at the close of business on the Termination Date. Termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section 8 shall be without liability of any party to any other party other than as provided in Sections 5 and 7 hereof, which shall survive such termination.

 

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9. REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND AGREEMENTS TO SURVIVE DELIVERY. All representations, warranties and agreements contained in this Agreement or contained in certificates of the Company submitted pursuant hereto shall remain operative and in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of you or any person who controls you, or by or on behalf of the Company, and shall survive the Termination Date.

 

10. NOTICES. All communications hereunder shall be in writing and, if sent to you, shall be mailed by registered mail or delivered, telefacsimilied or telegraphed and confirmed in writing to Lightstone Securities, LLC, 326 Third Street, Lakewood, New Jersey 08701 and, if sent to the Company, shall be mailed by registered mail or delivered, telefacsimilied or telegraphed and confirmed in writing to Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., 326 Third Street, Lakewood, New Jersey 08701.

 

11. REFERENCE TO LIGHTSTONE SECURITIES, LLC. All references herein to Lightstone Securities, LLC or the Dealer Manager hereunder shall be deemed to include all successors and assigns of Lightstone Securities, LLC.

 

12. PARTIES. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon you, the Company and the successors and assigns of you and the Company. This Agreement and the conditions and provisions hereof, are intended to be and shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and controlling persons, and for the benefit of no other person, firm or corporation, and the term “successors and assigns,” as used herein, shall not include any purchaser of Shares as such.

 

13. APPLICABLE LAW. This Agreement and any disputes relative to the interpretation or enforcement hereto shall be governed by and construed under the internal laws, as opposed to the conflicts of laws provisions, of the State of New York.

 

14. EFFECTIVENESS OF AGREEMENT. This Agreement shall become effective at 5:00 p.m., New York, New York time, on the Effective Date, or at such earlier time as you and the Company agree.

 

15. NOT A SEPARATE ENTITY. Nothing contained herein shall constitute you and/or the Soliciting Dealers or any of them an association, partnership, limited liability company, unincorporated business or other separate entity.

 

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If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, kindly sign and return it to us, whereupon this instrument will become a binding agreement between you and the Company in accordance with its terms.

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS

REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.,

a Maryland corporation

By:    

 

/ S /    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN


Name:

 

David Lichtenstein

Title:

 

Chief Executive Officer

 

Accepted as of the date first above written:

 

LIGHTSTONE SECURITIES, LLC

By:    

 

/ S /    E DWARD D EVEREAUX


Name:

 

Edward Devereaux

Title:

 

President and CEO

 

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Exhibit 1.3

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

 

600,000 SHARES OF COMMON STOCK

 

$.01 PAR VALUE

 

WARRANT PURCHASE AGREEMENT

 

April 22, 2005

 

This Warrant Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) is made by and between Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”) and Lightstone Securities, LLC, a New York limited liability company (the “Warrantholder”).

 

The Company hereby agrees to issue and sell, and the Warrantholder agrees to purchase, for the price of $.0008 per warrant, warrants as hereinafter described (the “Soliciting Dealer Warrants”) to purchase one share of the Company’s shares of common stock, $.01 par value per share (the “Shares”) for each 50 Shares sold by Lightstone Securities, LLC acting as the managing dealer (the “Dealer Manager”) and/or such broker-dealers registered with the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. as the Dealer Manager may designate (the “Soliciting Dealers”), up to a maximum of 600,000 Soliciting Dealer Warrants. The price per Share at which the Soliciting Dealer Warrants are exercisable and the number of Shares purchasable per Soliciting Dealer Warrant are subject to adjustment pursuant to Subsection (b) of Section 7 and Section 8 hereof. The Soliciting Dealer Warrants are being purchased in connection with a “best efforts” offering of 30,000,000 Shares (the “Offering”), pursuant to that certain Dealer Manager Agreement (the “Dealer Manager Agreement”), dated April 22, 2005 between the Company and the Warrantholder as the Dealer Manager and as a representative of the Soliciting Dealers who may receive Soliciting Dealer Warrants.

 

The issuance of the Soliciting Dealer Warrants shall occur quarterly commencing 60 days after the date on which Shares are first sold pursuant to the Offering and such issuances shall be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Dealer Manager Agreement.

 

In consideration of the foregoing and for the purpose of defining the terms and provisions of the Soliciting Dealer Warrants and the respective rights and obligations thereunder, the Company and the Warrantholder, for value received, hereby agree as follows:

 

I. FORM AND TRANSFERABILITY OF SOLICITING DEALER WARRANTS.

 

(a) REGISTRATION. The Soliciting Dealer Warrant(s) shall be numbered and shall be registered on the books of the Company when issued.

 

(b) FORM OF SOLICITING DEALER WARRANTS. The text and form of the Soliciting Dealer Warrants and of the Election to Purchase shall be substantially as set forth in Exhibit “A” and Exhibit “B,” respectively, attached hereto and incorporated herein. The price per Share (the “Warrant Price”) and the number of Shares issuable upon exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrants are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events, all as hereinafter provided. The Soliciting Dealer Warrants shall be dated as of the date of signature thereof by the Company either upon initial issuance or upon division, exchange, substitution or transfer.

 

(c) TRANSFER. The Soliciting Dealer Warrants shall be transferable only on the books of the Company maintained at its principal office or that of its designated transfer agent, if designated, upon delivery thereof duly endorsed by the Warrantholder or by its duly authorized attorney or representative, or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer. Upon any registration of transfer, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Soliciting Dealer Warrant to the person entitled thereto. Assignments or transfers shall be made pursuant to the form of Assignment attached as Exhibit “C” hereto.


(d) LIMITATIONS ON TRANSFER OF SOLICITING DEALER WARRANT. The Soliciting Dealer Warrants shall not be sold during the Offering or sold, transferred, assigned, pledged, exchanged or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in their effective economic disposition (collectively “Transfer”), for a period of 180 days following the date that the registration statement relating to the Offering is declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Effective Date of the Offering”), except to: (i) one or more persons, each of whom on the date of transfer is a bona fide officer or partner of the Warrantholder or a bona fide officer or partner of a successor to the Warrantholder as provided in clause (iv) of this Subsection (d); (ii) a partnership or partnerships, all of the partners of which are a Warrantholder and one or more persons, each of whom on the date of transfer is a “Principal” (as that term is defined in the next paragraph of this Subsection (d)) of a Warrantholder or a Principal of a successor to a Warrantholder; (iii) broker-dealer firms which have executed, and are not then in default of, a “Soliciting Dealers Agreement” entered into with the Dealer Manager (the “Selling Group”) and one or more persons, each of whom on the date of transfer is a Principal of a member of the Selling Group or a Principal of a successor to a member of the Selling Group; (iv) a successor to a Warrantholder through merger or consolidation; (v) a purchaser of all or substantially all of a Warrantholder’s assets; or by (vi) will, pursuant to the laws of descent and distribution, or the operation of law; provided, however, that commencing one year from the Effective Date of the Offering, a Transfer may be made to a third party solely for the purpose of immediate exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant and sale of the underlying Shares by such third party. Each Soliciting Dealer Warrant may be divided or combined, upon written request to the Company by the Warrantholder, into a certificate or certificates representing the right to purchase the same aggregate number of Shares.

 

As used above, the term “Principal” shall include an officer or partner of an entity which is a member of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.

 

Unless the context indicates otherwise, the term “Warrantholder” shall include any transferee of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant, and the term “Warrant” shall include any and all Soliciting Dealer Warrants outstanding pursuant to this Agreement, including those evidenced by a certificate or certificates issued upon division, exchange, substitution or transfer pursuant to this Agreement.

 

(e) EXCHANGE OR ASSIGNMENT OF SOLICITING DEALER WARRANT. Any Soliciting Dealer Warrant certificate may be assigned or exchanged without expense for another certificate or certificates entitling the Warrantholder to purchase a like aggregate number of Shares as the certificate or certificates surrendered then entitled such Warrantholder to purchase. Any Warrantholder desiring to exchange a Soliciting Dealer Warrant certificate shall make a request in writing, delivered to the Company, and shall surrender, properly endorsed, the certificate evidencing the Soliciting Dealer Warrant to be so assigned or exchanged. Thereupon, the Company shall execute and deliver to the person entitled thereto a new Soliciting Dealer Warrant certificate as so requested.

 

Any Warrantholder desiring to assign a Soliciting Dealer Warrant shall make such request in writing delivered to the Company, and shall surrender, properly endorsed, the certificate evidencing the Soliciting Dealer Warrant to be so assigned, with an instrument of assignment duly executed accompanied by proper evidence of assignment, succession or authority to transfer, and funds sufficient to pay any transfer tax, whereupon the Company shall, without charge, execute and deliver a new Soliciting Dealer Warrant certificate in the name of the assignee named in such instrument of assignment and the original Soliciting Dealer Warrant certificate shall promptly be canceled.

 

II. TERMS AND EXERCISE OF SOLICITING DEALER WARRANTS.

 

(a) EXERCISE PERIOD. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, the Warrantholder shall have the right to purchase one Share from the Company at a price of $12 (120% of the initial offering price per Share), subject to modification, as provided in Subsection (b) of Section 7 and in Section 8 below, during the time period beginning one year from the date the Soliciting Dealer Warrants are issued to the Warrantholder and ending on the date which shall be five years from the Effective Date of the Offering (the “Exercise Period”), or if any such date is a

 

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day on which banking institutions in New York, New York are authorized by law to close, then on the next succeeding day which shall not be such a day, to purchase from the Company up to the number of fully paid and nonassessable Shares which the Warrantholder may at the time be entitled to purchase pursuant to the Soliciting Dealer Warrant, a form of which is attached hereto as Exhibit “A.”

 

(b) METHOD OF EXERCISE. The Soliciting Dealer Warrant shall be exercised by surrender to the Company, at its principal office in New York, New York or at the office of the Company’s stock transfer agent, if any, or at such other address as the Company may designate by notice in writing to the Warrantholder at the address of the Warrantholder appearing on the books of the Company, of the certificate evidencing the Soliciting Dealer Warrant to be exercised, together with the form of Election to Purchase, included as Exhibit “B” hereto, duly completed and signed, and upon payment to the Company of the Warrant Price (as determined in accordance with the provisions of Sections 7 and 8 hereof), for the number of Shares with respect to which such Soliciting Dealer Warrant is then being exercised together with all taxes applicable upon such exercise. Payment of the aggregate Warrant Price for the number of Shares with respect to which the Soliciting Dealer Warrant is being exercised shall be made in cash or by certified check or cashier’s check, payable to the order of the Company. A Soliciting Dealer Warrant may not be exercised if the Shares to be issued upon the exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant have not been registered (or be exempt from registration) in the state of residence of the holder of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant or if a prospectus relating to the Offering (the “Prospectus”) required under the laws of such state cannot be delivered to the buyer on behalf of the Company. In addition, holders of Soliciting Dealer Warrants may not exercise the Soliciting Dealer Warrant to the extent such exercise will cause them to exceed the ownership limits set forth in the Company’s Charter, as amended (the “Articles”). If any Soliciting Dealer Warrant has not been exercised by the end of the Exercise Period, it will terminate and the Warrantholder will have no further rights thereunder.

 

(c) PARTIAL EXERCISE. The Soliciting Dealer Warrants shall be exercisable, at the election of the Warrantholder, either in full or from time to time in part and, in the event that the Soliciting Dealer Warrant is exercised with respect to less than all of the Shares specified therein at any time prior to the Termination Date, a new certificate evidencing the remaining Soliciting Dealer Warrants shall be issued by the Company.

 

(d) SHARE ISSUANCE UPON EXERCISE. Upon such surrender of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant certificate and payment of such Warrant Price, the Company shall issue and cause to be delivered with all reasonable dispatch to the Warrantholder in such name or names as the Warrantholder may designate in writing, a certificate or certificates for the number of full Shares so purchased upon the exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant, together with cash, as provided in Section 9 hereof, with respect to any fractional Shares otherwise issuable upon such surrender. Such Shares shall bear the legend described in Section 5 below and any other legends generally placed on certificates for the Shares, including a legend provided for in the Articles with regard to restrictions on transferability for the purpose of the Company’s maintenance of its status as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and to prohibit exceeding the ownership limits set forth in the Company’s Articles, and the transfer and/or sale of any Shares so issued shall be limited in the manner and to the extent provided by such legends and ownership limits and the Articles and By-laws of the Company. Such certificate or certificates shall be deemed to have been issued and any person so designated to be named therein shall be deemed to have become a holder of such Shares as of the close of business on the date of the surrender of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant and payment of the Warrant Price, as hereinafter defined, notwithstanding that the certificates representing such Shares shall not actually have been delivered or that the stock transfer books of the Company shall then be closed.

 

III. MUTILATED OR MISSING SOLICITING DEALER WARRANT.

 

In case the certificate or certificates evidencing the Soliciting Dealer Warrant shall be mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall, at the request of the Warrantholder, issue and deliver in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation of the mutilated certificate of certificates, or in lieu of and in substitution for the certificate or certificates lost, stolen or destroyed, a new Soliciting Dealer Warrant certificate or

 

3


certificates of like tenor and date and representing an equivalent right or interest, but only upon receipt of evidence satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction of such Soliciting Dealer Warrant, and of reasonable bond of indemnity, if requested, also satisfactory to the Company in form and amount and at the applicant’s cost.

 

IV. RESERVATION OF SHARES.

 

There has been reserved, and the Company shall at all times keep reserved so long as the Soliciting Dealer Warrants remains outstanding, out of its authorized Shares, such number of Shares as shall be subject to purchase under the outstanding Soliciting Dealer Warrants.

 

V. LEGEND ON SHARES ISSUED UPON EXERCISE OF SOLICITING DEALER WARRANT.

 

Each certificate for Shares initially issued upon exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant, unless at the time of exercise such Shares are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”), under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), shall bear the following legend:

 

NO SALE, TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER DISPOSITION OF THESE SHARES SHALL BE MADE EXCEPT PURSUANT TO REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR PURSUANT TO AN OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED.

 

Any certificate issued at any time in exchange or substitution for any certificate bearing such legend (except a new certificate issued upon completion of a public distribution pursuant to a registration statement under the Act of the securities represented thereby) shall also bear the above legend unless, in the opinion of such counsel as shall be reasonably approved by the Company, the securities represented thereby need no longer be subject to such restrictions. Certificates for Shares shall also bear the legend provided for in the Company’s Articles.

 

VI. PAYMENT OF TAXES.

 

The Company shall pay all documentary stamp taxes, if any, attributable to the initial issuance of the Shares; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to pay any tax or taxes which may be payable with respect to any secondary transfer of the Soliciting Dealer Warrants or the Shares.

 

VII. WARRANT PRICE.

 

(a) The price per Share at which Shares shall be purchasable on the exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant shall be $12 (the “Warrant Price”), subject, however, to adjustment as provided in Subsection (b) of this Section 7 and in Section 8.

 

(b) Notwithstanding Subsection (a) of this Section 7 if, at the time of any exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant, the Offering Price of Shares pursuant to the Prospectus has been increased, then the Warrant Price shall be adjusted (the “Adjusted Warrant Price”) to be equal to one hundred twenty percent (120%) of the then current Offering Price of Shares offered or sold pursuant to the Prospectus.

 

VIII. ADJUSTMENT OF WARRANT PRICE AND NUMBER OF SHARES.

 

The number and kind of securities purchasable upon the exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant and the Warrant Price shall be subject to adjustment from time to time (in addition to any adjustments in accordance with Subsection (b) of Section 7 above) upon the happening of certain events, as follows:

 

(a) In case the Company shall: (i) pay a dividend in Shares or make a distribution in Shares; (ii) subdivide its outstanding Shares; (iii) combine its outstanding Shares into a smaller number of Shares, or (iv) issue, by

 

4


reclassification of its Shares, other securities of the Company, then the number and kind of securities purchasable upon the exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant immediately prior thereto shall be adjusted so that the Warrantholder shall be entitled to receive the number and kind of securities of the Company which it would have owned or would have been entitled to receive after the happening of any of the events described above had the Soliciting Dealer Warrant been exercised immediately prior to the happening of such event or any record date with respect thereto. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Subsection (a) shall become effective on the effective date of such event retroactive to the record date, if any, for such event.

 

(b) No adjustment in the number of securities purchasable hereunder shall be required unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at least one percent (1%) in the number of securities (calculated to the nearest full Share thereof) then purchasable upon the exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant or, if the Soliciting Dealer Warrant is not then exercisable, the number of securities purchasable upon the exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant on the first date thereafter that the Soliciting Dealer Warrant becomes exercisable; provided, however, that any adjustment which by reason of this Subsection (b) is not required to be made immediately shall be carried forward and taken into account in any subsequent adjustment.

 

(c) Whenever the number of Shares purchasable upon the exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant is adjusted as herein provided, the Warrant Price shall be adjusted by multiplying such Warrant Price immediately prior to such adjustment by a fraction, of which the numerator shall be the number of Shares purchasable upon the exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant immediately prior to such adjustment, and of which the denominator shall be the number of Shares so purchasable immediately thereafter.

 

(d) For the purpose of this Section 8, the term “Shares” shall mean: (i) the class of stock designated as the Shares of the Company at the date of this Agreement; or (ii) any other class of stock resulting from successive changes or reclassification of such Shares consisting solely of changes in par value, or from par value to no par value, or from no par value to par value. In the event that at any time, as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to this Section 8, the Warrantholder shall become entitled to purchase any shares of stock of the Company other than Shares, thereafter the number of such other shares of stock of the Company so purchasable upon the exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrants and the Warrant Price shall be subject to adjustment from time to time in a manner and on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to the provisions with respect to the Shares contained in this Section 8.

 

(e) Whenever the number of Shares and/or securities purchasable upon the exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrants or the Warrant Price is adjusted as herein provided, the Company shall cause to be promptly mailed to the Warrantholder by first class mail, postage prepaid, notice of such adjustment setting forth the number of Shares and/or securities purchasable upon the exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrants and/or the Warrant Price after such adjustment, a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment and the computation by which such adjustment was made.

 

(f) In case of any reclassification, capital reclassification, capital reorganization or other change in the outstanding Shares of the Company (other than a change in par value, or from par value to no par value, or from no par value to par value, or as a result of an issuance of Shares by way of dividend or other distribution, or of a subdivision or combination of the Shares), or in case of any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into another corporation or entity (other than a merger with a subsidiary in which merger the Company is the continuing corporation and which does not result in any reclassification, capital reorganization or other change in the outstanding Shares of the Company) as a result of which the holders of the Company’s Shares become holders of other shares of securities of the Company or of another corporation or entity, or such holders receive cash or other assets, or in case of any sale or conveyance to another corporation of the property, assets or business of the Company as an entirety or substantially as an entirety, the Company or such successor or purchasing corporation, as the case may be, shall execute with the Warrantholder an agreement that the Warrantholder shall have the right thereafter upon payment of the Warrant Price in effect immediately prior to such action to purchase upon the exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant the kind and number of securities and

 

5


property which it would have owned or have been entitled to have received after the happening of such reclassification, capital reorganization, change in the outstanding Shares of the Company, consolidation, merger, sale or conveyance had the Soliciting Dealer Warrants been exercised immediately prior to such action.

 

The agreement referred to in this Subsection (f) shall provide for adjustments which shall be as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments provided for in this Section 8. The provisions of this Subsection (f) shall similarly apply to successive reclassification, capital reorganizations, changes in the outstanding Shares of the Company, consolidations, mergers, sales or conveyances.

 

(g) Except as provided in this Section 8, no adjustment with respect to any dividends shall be made during the term of the Soliciting Dealer Warrants or upon the exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrants.

 

(h) Irrespective of any adjustments in the Warrant Price (pursuant to Subsection (b) of Section 7 above or this Section 8) or the number or kind of securities purchasable upon the exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrant, the Soliciting Dealer Warrant certificate or certificates theretofore or thereafter issued may continue to express the same price or number or kind of securities stated in the Soliciting Dealer Warrant initially issuable pursuant to this Agreement.

 

IX. FRACTIONAL INTEREST.

 

The Company shall not be required to issue fractional Shares or securities upon the exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrants. If any such fractional Shares would, except for the provisions of this Section 9, be issuable upon the exercise of the Soliciting Dealer Warrants (or any specified portion thereof), the Company may, at its election, pay an amount in cash equal to the then current market price per Share multiplied by such fraction. For purposes of this Agreement, the term “current market price” shall mean: on any date the average of the Closing Price (as defined below) per Share for the five consecutive Trading Days (as defined below) ending on such date. The “Closing Price” on any date means the last sale price, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, in either case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed or admitted to trading on the principal national securities exchange on which the Shares are listed or admitted to trading or, if the Shares are not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted price, or if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. (“Nasdaq”), or, if Nasdaq is no longer in use, the principal automated quotation system that may then be in use or, if the Shares are not quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in the Shares selected by the Board, or if there is no professional market maker making a market in the Shares, the average of the last ten (10) sales pursuant to the Offering if the Offering has not concluded, or if the Offering has concluded, the average of the last ten (10) purchases by the Company pursuant to its Share Repurchase Program (the “SRP”), and if there are fewer than ten (10) of such purchases under the SRP, then the average of such lesser number of purchases, or, if the SRP is not then in existence, the price at which the Company is then offering Shares to the public if the Company is then engaged in a public offering of Shares, or if the Company is not then offering Shares to the public, the price at which a Stockholder may purchase Shares pursuant to the Company’s Distribution Reinvestment Program (the “DRP”) if such DRP is then in existence, or if the DRP is not then in existence, the fair market value of the Shares as determined by the Company, in its sole discretion. “Trading Day” shall mean a day on which the principal national securities exchange or national automated quotation system on which the Shares are listed or admitted to trading is open for the transaction of business or, if the Shares are not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange or national automated quotation system, shall mean any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the State of Illinois are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

 

X. NO RIGHTS AS STOCKHOLDER; NOTICES OF WARRANTHOLDER.

 

Nothing contained in this Agreement or in the Soliciting Dealer Warrant shall be construed as conferring upon the Warrantholder or its transferee any rights as a Stockholder of the Company, either at law or in equity,

 

6


including the right to vote, receive dividends, consents or notices as a Stockholder with respect to any meeting of Stockholders for the election of directors of the Company or for any other matter.

 

XI. REGISTRATION OF SOLICITING DEALER WARRANTS AND SHARES PURCHASABLE THEREUNDER.

 

The distribution of the Soliciting Dealer Warrants and the Shares purchasable thereunder to the Dealer Manager and/or to one or more Soliciting Dealers is being registered as part of the Offering. The Company undertakes to make additional filings with the Commission to the extent required to keep the issuance of Shares issuable pursuant to the Soliciting Dealer Warrants to Soliciting Dealers registered through the date which shall be five years from the Effective Date of the Offering. Any sales or transfers of Shares so issued shall be subject in all respects to the limitations and restrictions contained in Subsection (d) of Section 2 and to the provisions of Section 5 above.

 

XII. INDEMNIFICATION.

 

In the event of the filing of any registration statement with respect to the Soliciting Dealer Warrants or the Shares pursuant to Section 11 above, the Company and the Warrantholder (and/or selling Warrantholder or such holder of Shares, as the case may be), shall agree to indemnify and hold harmless the other to the same extent and in the same manner as provided in the Dealer Manager Agreement.

 

XIII. CONTRIBUTION.

 

In order to provide for just and equitable contribution under the Act in any case in which: (a) the Warrantholder or any holder of Shares makes a claim for indemnification pursuant to Section 12 hereof, but it is judicially determined (by the entry of a final judgment or decree by a court of competent jurisdiction and the expiration of time to appeal or the denial of the last right to appeal) that such indemnification may not be enforced in such case notwithstanding the fact that the express provisions of Section 12 hereof provide for indemnification in such case; or (b) contribution under the Act may be required on the part of the Warrantholder or any holder of Shares, the Company and the Warrantholder, or such holder of Shares, shall agree to contribute to the aggregate losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which they may be subject (which shall, for all purposes of this Agreement, including, but not limited to, all costs of defense and investigation and all attorneys’ fees), in either such case (after contribution from others) on the basis of relative fault as well as any other relevant equitable considerations in the same manner as provided by the parties in the Dealer Manager Agreement.

 

XIV. NOTICES.

 

Any notice given pursuant to this Agreement by the Company or by the Warrantholder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if delivered or mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested:

 

  (a) If to the Warrantholder, addressed to:

 

Lightstone Securities, LLC

326 Third Street

Lakewood, New Jersey 08701

Attn: [INSERT]

 

  (b) If to the Company, addressed to:

 

Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.

326 Third Street

Lakewood, New Jersey 08701

Attn: David Lichtenstein

 

Each party hereto may, from time to time, change the address to which notices to it are to be delivered or mailed hereunder by notice in accordance herewith to the other party.

 

7


XV. PARTIES IN INTEREST.

 

Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to give to any Person other than the Company, the Warrantholder and, to the extent expressed, any holder of Shares, any Person controlling the Company or the Warrantholder or any holder of Shares, directors of the Company, nominees for directors (if any) named in the Prospectus, or officers of the Company who have signed the Registration Statement, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Agreement, and this Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the aforementioned parties.

 

XVI. SUCCESSORS.

 

All the covenants and provisions of this Agreement by or for the benefit of the parties listed in Section 15 above shall bind and inure to the benefit of their respective executors, administrators, successors and assigns hereunder; provided, however, that the rights of the Warrantholder or holder of Shares shall be assignable only to those Persons specified in Subsection (d) of Section 1 hereof, in which event such assignee shall be bound by each of the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

 

XVII. MERGER OR CONSOLIDATION OF THE COMPANY.

 

The Company shall not merge or consolidate with or into any other Person or sell all or substantially all of its property to another Person unless it complies with the provisions of Subsection (f) of Section 8 hereof.

 

XVIII. SURVIVAL OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.

 

All statements contained in any schedule, exhibit, certificate or other instrument delivered by or on behalf of the parties hereto, or in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, shall be deemed to be representations and warranties hereunder. Notwithstanding any investigations made by or on behalf of the parties to this Agreement, all representations, warranties and agreements made by the parties to this Agreement or pursuant hereto shall survive.

 

XIX. CHOICE OF LAW.

 

This Agreement and the rights of the parties hereunder shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, including all matters of construction, validity, performance and enforcement, and without giving effect to the principles of conflict of laws.

 

XX. JURISDICTION.

 

The parties submit to the jurisdiction of the Courts of the State of New York or a Federal Court impaneled in the Southern District for the State of New York for the resolution of all legal disputes arising under the terms of this Agreement.

 

XXI. ENTIRE AGREEMENT.

 

Except as provided herein, this Agreement, including exhibits, contains the entire agreement of the parties, and supersedes all existing negotiations, representations or agreements and all other oral, written or other communications between them concerning the subject matter of this Agreement.

 

XXII. SEVERABILITY.

 

If any provision of this Agreement is unenforceable, invalid or violates applicable law, such provision shall be deemed stricken and shall not affect the enforceability of any other provisions of this Agreement.

 

8


XXIII. CAPTIONS.

 

The captions in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference and shall not be deemed to define, limit, enlarge or describe the scope of this Agreement or the relationship of the parties, and shall not affect this Agreement or the construction of any provisions herein.

 

XXIV. COUNTERPARTS.

 

This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which shall together constitute one and the same instrument.

 

[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.]

 

9


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first above written.

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS

REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

By:

 

/ S /    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN


Name:

  David Lichtenstein

Title:

  Chief Executive Officer

LIGHTSTONE SECURITIES, LLC

By:

 

/ S /    E DWARD D EVEREAUX


Name:

  Edward Devereaux

Title:

  President and CEO

 

10


EXHIBIT A

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

 

SOLICITING DEALER WARRANT NO.                 

 

NO SALE, TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER DISPOSITION OF THIS WARRANT OR THE SHARES PURCHASABLE HEREUNDER SHALL BE MADE EXCEPT PURSUANT TO REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR PURSUANT TO AN OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE ISSUER THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED. TRANSFER OF THIS WARRANT IS ALSO RESTRICTED BY THAT CERTAIN WARRANT PURCHASE AGREEMENT DATED AS OF                 , A COPY OF WHICH IS AVAILABLE FROM THE ISSUER.

 

WARRANT TO PURCHASE                  SHARES OF COMMON STOCK OF LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

 

Exercisable commencing on                         ,             

 

Void after 5:00 P.M. Central Standard Time on                 , 2008 (the “Exercise Closing Date”).

 

THIS CERTIFIES that, for value received,                                                   (the “Warrantholder”), or registered assigns, is entitled, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Warrant (the “Warrant”), to purchase from Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”),                 fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock, $.01 par value per share (the “Shares”) of the Company at any time during the period commencing on                     , and continuing up to 5:00 P.M. central standard time on                 , 2009 for $12 per Share, and is subject to all the terms thereof, including the limitations on transferability as set forth in that certain Warrant Purchase Agreement between Lightstone Securities, LLC and the Company dated                 , 2004. Pursuant to the Warrant Purchase Agreement, the exercise price of Shares purchased pursuant to this Warrant may be amended to a price equal to one hundred twenty percent (120%) of the then current offering price of Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the Prospectus dated                 , 2004.

 

THIS WARRANT may be exercised by the holder thereof, in whole or in part, by the presentation and surrender of this Warrant with the form of Election to Purchase duly executed, with signature(s) guaranteed, at the principal office of the Company (or at such other address as the Company may designate by notice to the holder hereof at the address of such holder appearing on the books of the Company), and upon payment to the Company of the purchase price in cash or by certified check or bank cashier’s check. The Shares so purchased shall be deemed to be issued to the holder hereof as the record owner of such Shares as of the close of business on the date on which this Warrant shall have been surrendered and payment made for such Shares. The Shares so purchased shall be registered to the holder (and, if requested, certificates issued) promptly after this Warrant shall have been so exercised and unless this Warrant has expired or has been exercised, in full, a new Warrant identical in form, but representing the number of Shares with respect to which this Warrant shall not have been exercised, shall also be issued to the holder hereof.

 

NOTHING CONTAINED herein shall be construed to confer upon the holder of this Warrant, as such, any of the rights of a Stockholder of the Company.

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS

REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

By:

 

 


Name:

   

Title:

   


EXHIBIT B

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

 

ELECTION TO PURCHASE

 

SOLICITING DEALER WARRANT

 

Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.

326 Third Street

Lakewood, New Jersey 08701

 

The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise the right of purchase represented by the attached warrant (the “Warrant”), to purchase thereunder              shares of the Common Stock, $.01 par value per share, of Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. (the “Shares”) provided for therein and hereby tenders $                 in payment of the actual exercise price thereof, and requests that the Shares be issued in the name of:

 

(Please Print Name, Address and SSN or FEIN of Stockholder below)

 


 


 


 

and, if said number of Shares shall not be the total possible number of Shares purchasable under the attached Warrant certificate, that a new Warrant certificate for the balance of the Shares purchasable under the attached Warrant certificate be registered in the name of the undersigned Warrantholder or his assignee as indicated below and delivered at the address state below:

 

 

Dated:                                     
Name of Warrantholder or Assignee:

 


(Please Print)

 


 


Signature:                                                      


EXHIBIT C

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

 

SOLICITING DEALER WARRANT ASSIGNMENT

 

(To be signed only upon assignment of the Warrant)

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto:

 

(Please Print Name, Address and SSN or FEIN of Assignee Below)

 


 


 


 

the attached Soliciting Dealer Warrant No.                     , to purchase                      shares of Common Stock, $.01 par value per share, of Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. (the “Company”), hereby irrevocably constituting and appointing the Company and/or its transfer agent as its attorney to transfer said Warrant on the books of the Company, with full power of substitution.

 

Dated:                             

 


Signature of Registered Holder

 

Signature Guaranteed:

 


 

Note: The above signature must correspond with the name as written upon the face of the attached Warrant certificate in every particular respect, without alteration, enlargement or any change whatever, unless this Warrant has been duly assigned.

Exhibit 3.1

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

 

ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT

 

FIRST : Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation, desires to amend and restate its charter as currently in effect and as hereinafter amended.

 

SECOND : The following provisions are all the provisions of the charter currently in effect and as hereinafter amended:

 

ARTICLE I

 

NAME

 

The name of the corporation is Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. (the “ Company ”). So far as may be practicable, the business of the Company shall be conducted and transacted under that name. Under circumstances in which the Company’s Board of Directors determines that the use of the name “Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.” is not practicable, it may use any other designation or name for the Company.

 

ARTICLE II

 

PURPOSES AND POWERS

 

The purposes for which the Company is formed are to engage in any lawful act or activity (including, without limitation or obligation, qualifying and engaging in business as a real estate investment trust under Sections 856 through 860, or any successor sections, of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”)), for which corporations may be organized under the MGCL and the general laws of the State of Maryland as now or hereafter in force.

 

ARTICLE III

 

RESIDENT AGENT AND PRINCIPAL OFFICE

 

The name and address of the resident agent for service of process of the Company in the State of Maryland is The Corporation Trust Incorporated, 300 East Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. The address of the Company’s principal office in the State of Maryland is 300 East Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. The Company may have such other offices and places of business within or outside the State of Maryland as the Board may from time to time determine.

 

ARTICLE IV

 

DEFINITIONS

 

As used in the Charter, the following terms shall have the following meanings unless the context otherwise requires:

 

ACQUISITION EXPENSES ” means expenses including but not limited to legal fees and expenses, travel and communications expenses, costs of appraisals, nonrefundable option payments on property not acquired, accounting fees and expenses, title insurance premiums and miscellaneous expenses related to selection and acquisition of properties, whether or not acquired.


ACQUISITION FEE ” means the total of all fees and commissions paid by any Person to any other Person in connection with making or investing in Mortgages or the purchase, development or construction of a Property, including real estate commissions, selection fees, nonrecurring management fees, loan fees, points or any other fees of a similar nature.

 

ADVISOR ” or “ ADVISORS ” means the Person or Persons, if any, appointed, employed or contracted with by the Company pursuant to Section 8.1 hereof and responsible for directing or performing the day-to-day business affairs of the Company, including any Person to whom the Advisor subcontracts all or substantially all of such functions.

 

ADVISORY AGREEMENT ” means the agreement between the Company and the Advisor pursuant to which the Advisor will direct or perform the day-to-day business affairs of the Company.

 

AFFILIATE ” or “ AFFILIATED ” means, with respect to any Person, (i) any Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding, with the power to vote, 10% or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other Person; (ii) any Person 10% or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled or held, with the power to vote, by such other Person; (iii) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such other Person; (iv) any executive officer, director, trustee or general partner of such other Person; and (v) any legal entity for which such Person acts as an executive officer, director, trustee or general partner.

 

ASSET ” means any Property, Mortgage or other investment (other than investments in bank accounts, money market funds or other current assets) owned by the Company, directly or indirectly through one or more of its Affiliates, by the Company and any other investment made, directly or indirectly through one or more of its Affiliates.

 

AVERAGE INVESTED ASSETS ” means, for a specified period, the average of the aggregate book value of the assets of the Company and the Operating Partnership invested, directly or indirectly in equity interests in and loans secured by real estate, before deducting depreciation, bad debts or other non-cash reserves, computed by taking the average of such values at the end of each month during such period.

 

BOARD ” means, collectively, the individuals named in Section 6.1 of the Charter and such other individuals who may be duly elected and qualified to serve as Directors thereafter to replace any such person or fill a vacancy caused by the death, removal or resignation of any such person or caused by an increase in the number of Directors.

 

BYLAWS ” means the Bylaws of the Company, as amended from time to time.

 

CHARTER ” means these Articles of Amendment and Restatement and any Articles of Amendment, Articles Supplementary or other modification or amendment thereto.

 

CODE ” shall have the meaning as provided in Article II herein.

 

COMMENCEMENT OF THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING ” shall mean the date that the Securities and Exchange Commission declares effective the registration statement filed under the Securities Act for the Initial Public Offering.

 

COMMON SHARES ” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.1 herein.

 

COMPANY ” shall have the meaning as provided in Article I herein.

 

2


COMPETITIVE REAL ESTATE COMMISSION ” means a real estate or brokerage commission paid for the purchase or sale of a Property that is reasonable, customary and competitive in light of the size, type and location of the Property.

 

CONTRACT PURCHASE PRICE ” means the amount actually paid or allocated in respect of the purchase, development, construction or improvement of a Property or the amount of funds advanced with respect to a Mortgage, or the amount actually paid or allocated in respect of the purchase of other Assets, in each case exclusive of Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses, but in each case including any indebtedness assumed or incurred in respect of such Property.

 

DEALER MANAGER ” means Lightstone Securities, LLC, an Affiliate of the Company, or such other Person selected by the Board to act as the dealer manager for an Offering.

 

DIRECTOR ” means a member of the Company’s Board.

 

DISTRIBUTIONS ” means any distributions of money or other property, pursuant to Section 5.2(iii) hereof, by the Company to owners of Shares, including distributions that may constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes.

 

GROSS PROCEEDS ” means the aggregate purchase price of all Shares sold for the account of the Company through an Offering, without deduction for Selling Commissions, volume discounts, any marketing support and due diligence expense reimbursement or Organization and Offering Expenses. For the purpose of computing Gross Proceeds, the purchase price of any Share purchased by the Company’s Advisor for a discount, or for which reduced Selling Commissions are paid to the Dealer Manager or a Soliciting Dealer (where net proceeds to the Company are not reduced) shall be deemed to be the full amount of the offering price per Share pursuant to the Prospectus for such Offering without reduction.

 

INDEPENDENT APPRAISER ” means a Person with no material current or prior business or personal relationship with the Advisor or the Directors and who is a qualified appraiser of Real Property of the type held by the Company or of other Assets as determined by the Board of Directors. Membership in a nationally recognized appraisal society such as the American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers or the Society of Real Estate Appraisers shall be conclusive evidence of such qualification as to Real Property.

 

INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR ” means a Director who is not on the date of determination, and within the last two years from the date of determination has not been, directly or indirectly associated with the Sponsor, the Company, the Advisor or any of their Affiliates by virtue of (i) ownership of an interest in the Sponsor, the Advisor or any of their Affiliates, other than the Company, (ii) employment by the Company, the Sponsor, the Advisor or any of their Affiliates, (iii) service as an officer or director of the Sponsor, the Advisor or any of their Affiliates, other than as a Director of the Company, (iv) performance of services, other than as a Director of the Company, (v) service as a director or Director of more than three real estate investment trusts organized by the Sponsor or advised by the Advisor, or (vi) maintenance of a material business or professional relationship with the Sponsor, the Advisor or any of their Affiliates. A business or professional relationship is considered “material” if the aggregate gross revenue derived by the Director from the Sponsor, the Advisor and their Affiliates exceeds five percent of either the Director’s annual gross income during either of the last two years or the Director’s net worth on a fair market value basis. An indirect association with the Sponsor or the Advisor shall include circumstances in which a Director’s spouse, parent, child, sibling, mother- or father-in-law, son- or daughter-in-law or brother- or sister-in-law is or has been associated with the Sponsor, the Advisor, any of their Affiliates or the Company.

 

INITIAL INVESTMENT ” means that portion of the initial capitalization of the Company contributed by the Sponsor or its Affiliates pursuant to Section II.A. of the NASAA REIT Guidelines.

 

3


INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING ” means the first Offering.

 

INVESTED CAPITAL ” means the amount calculated by multiplying the total number of Shares purchased by Stockholders by the issue price, reduced by the portion of any Distribution that is attributable to Net Sales Proceeds and Refinancing Proceeds and by any amounts paid by the Company to repurchase Shares pursuant to the Company’s plan for the repurchase of Shares.

 

JOINT VENTURES ” means those joint venture or partnership arrangements in which the Company or the Operating Partnership is a co-venturer, limited liability company member, limited partner or general partner established to acquire or hold Assets.

 

LEVERAGE ” means the aggregate amount of long-term permanent indebtedness of the Company for money borrowed (including purchase money mortgage loans) outstanding at any time, both secured and unsecured.

 

LISTING ” means the listing of the Shares on a national securities exchange, the quotation of the Shares by The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) or the trading of the Shares in the over-the-counter market. Upon such Listing, the Shares shall be deemed Listed.

 

MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT ” means the agreement between the Company and its property manager, which may be an Affiliate of the Company, pursuant to which such property manager will perform certain property management services for the Company and its Assets.

 

MGCL ” means the Maryland General Corporation Law.

 

MORTGAGES ” means, in connection with mortgage financing provided, invested in, participated in or purchased by the Company, all of the notes, deeds of trust, security interests or other evidences of indebtedness or obligations, which are secured or collateralized by Real Property owed by the borrowers under such notes, deeds of trust, security interests or other evidences of indebtedness or obligations.

 

NASAA REIT GUIDELINES ” means the Statement of Policy Regarding Real Estate Investment Trusts as adopted by the North American Securities Administrators Association on September 9, 1993.

 

NET ASSETS ” means the total assets of the Company and the Operating Partnership (other than intangibles) at cost, before deducting depreciation, reserves for bad debts or other non-cash reserves, less total liabilities, calculated quarterly by the Company on a basis consistently applied.

 

NET INCOME ” means for any period, the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s total revenues applicable to such period, less the total expenses applicable to such period other than additions to reserves for depreciation, bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves and excluding any gain from the sale of the Assets.

 

NET SALES PROCEEDS ” means in the case of a transaction described in clause (i) (A) of the definition of Sale, the proceeds of any such transaction less the amount of selling expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Company, including all real estate commissions, closing costs and legal fees and expenses. In the case of a transaction described in clause (i) (B) of such definition, Net Sales Proceeds means the proceeds of any such transaction less the amount of selling expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Company, including any legal fees and expenses and other selling expenses incurred in connection with such transaction. In the case of a transaction described in clause (i) (C) of such definition, Net Sales Proceeds means the proceeds of any such transaction actually distributed to the Company from the Joint Venture less the amount of any selling expenses, including legal fees and expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Company (other than those paid by the Joint Venture). In the case of a transaction or series of transactions described in clause (i) (D) of the definition of Sale, Net Sales Proceeds means the proceeds of any such transaction (including the aggregate of all payments under a Mortgage

 

4


on or in satisfaction thereof other than regularly scheduled interest payments) less the amount of selling expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Company, including all commissions, closing costs and legal fees and expenses. In the case of a transaction described in clause (i) (E) of such definition, Net Sales Proceeds means the proceeds of any such transaction less the amount of selling expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Company, including any legal fees and expenses and other selling expenses incurred in connection with such transaction. In the case of a transaction described in clause (ii) of the definition of Sale, Net Sales Proceeds means the proceeds of such transaction or series of transactions less all amounts generated thereby which are reinvested in one or more Assets within 180 days thereafter and less the amount of any real estate commissions, closing costs, and legal fees and expenses and other selling expenses incurred by or allocated to the Company in connection with such transaction or series of transactions. Net Sales Proceeds shall also include any amounts that the Company determines, in its discretion, to be economically equivalent to proceeds of a Sale. Net Sales Proceeds shall not include any reserves established by the Company in its sole discretion.

 

OFFERING ” means any public offering and sale of Shares pursuant to an effective registration statement filed under the Securities Act.

 

OPERATING PARTNERSHIP ” means Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, an Affiliate of the Company through which the Company may own Assets.

 

ORGANIZATION and OFFERING EXPENSES ” means any and all costs and expenses incurred by and to be paid from the assets of the Company in connection with the formation, qualification and registration of the Company, and the marketing and distribution of Shares, including, without limitation, total underwriting and brokerage discounts and commissions (including fees of the underwriters’ attorneys), expenses for printing, engraving, amending, supplementing, mailing and distributing costs, salaries of employees while engaged in sales activity, telephone and other telecommunications costs, all advertising and marketing expenses (including the costs related to investor and broker-dealer sales meetings), charges of transfer agents, registrars, trustees, escrow holders, depositories, experts, fees, expenses and taxes related to the filing, registration and qualification of the sale of the Shares under federal and state laws, including taxes and fees, accountants’ and attorneys’ fees.

 

PERSON ” means an individual, corporation, partnership, estate, trust (including a trust qualified under Sections 401(a) or 501(c)(17) of the Code), a portion of a trust permanently set aside for or to be used exclusively for the purposes described in Section 642(c) of the Code, association, private foundation within the meaning of Section 509(a) of the Code, joint stock company or other legal entity and also includes a group as that term is used for purposes of Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and a group to which an Excepted Holder Limit (as defined in Article V, Section 5.9(i) hereof) applies.

 

PREFERRED SHARES ” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.1 herein.

 

PROPERTY ” or “ PROPERTIES ” means, as the context requires, any, or all, respectively, of the Real Property acquired by the Company, directly or indirectly through joint venture arrangements or other partnership or investment interests.

 

PROSPECTUS ” means the same as that term is defined in Section 2(10) of the Securities Act, including a preliminary prospectus and an offering circular as described in Rule 256 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Securities Act.

 

REAL PROPERTY ” or “ REAL ESTATE ” means land, rights in land (including leasehold interests), and any buildings, structures, improvements, furnishings, fixtures and equipment located on or used in connection with land and rights or interests in land.

 

5


REFINANCING PROCEEDS ” means the proceeds of the refinancing of any indebtedness of the Company, less the amount of expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Company in connection with such refinancing.

 

REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST ” or “ REIT ” means a corporation, trust, association or other legal entity (other than a real estate syndication) that is engaged primarily in investing in equity interests in real estate (including fee ownership and leasehold interests) or in loans secured by real estate or both as defined pursuant to the REIT Provisions of the Code.

 

REIT PROVISIONS OF THE CODE ” means Sections 856 through 860 of the Code and any successor or other provisions of the Code relating to real estate investment trusts (including provisions as to the attribution of ownership of beneficial interests therein) and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

ROLL-UP ENTITY ” means a partnership, real estate investment trust, corporation, trust or similar entity that would be created or would survive after the successful completion of a proposed Roll-Up Transaction.

 

ROLL-UP TRANSACTION ” means a transaction involving the acquisition, merger, conversion or consolidation either directly or indirectly of the Company and the issuance of securities of a Roll-Up Entity to the Stockholders of the Company. Such term does not include:

 

(a) a transaction involving securities of the Company that have been for at least twelve (12) months listed on a national securities exchange or traded through Nasdaq’s National Market System; or

 

(b) a transaction involving the conversion to corporate, trust or association form of only the Company, if, as a consequence of the transaction, there will be no significant adverse change in any of the following:

 

(i) Stockholders’ voting rights;

 

(ii) the term of existence of the Company;

 

(iii) Sponsor or Advisor compensation; or

 

(iv) the Company’s investment objectives.

 

SALE ” or “ SALES ” means (i) any transaction or series of transactions whereby: (A) the Company or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, transfers, conveys, or relinquishes its ownership of any Property or portion thereof, including the lease of any Property consisting of a building only, and including any event with respect to any Property which gives rise to a significant amount of insurance proceeds or condemnation awards; (B) the Company or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, transfers, conveys, or relinquishes its ownership of all or substantially all of the interest of the Company or the Operating Partnership in any Joint Venture in which it is a co-venturer or partner; (C) any Joint Venture in which the Company or the Operating Partnership as a co-venturer or partner directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, transfers, conveys, or relinquishes its ownership of any Property or portion thereof, including any event with respect to any Property which gives rise to insurance claims or condemnation awards; or (D) the Company or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, conveys or relinquishes its interest in any Mortgage or portion thereof (including with respect to any Mortgage, all payments thereunder or in satisfaction thereof other than regularly scheduled interest payments) of amounts owed pursuant to such Mortgage and any event which gives rise to a significant amount of insurance proceeds or similar awards; or (E) the Company or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, transfers, conveys, or relinquishes its ownership of any other Asset not previously described in this definition or any portion thereof, but (ii) not including any transaction or series of transactions specified in clause (i) (A) through (E) above in which the proceeds of such transaction or series of transactions are reinvested in one or more Assets within 180 days thereafter.

 

6


SDAT ” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.4 herein.

 

SECURITIES ” means any of the following issued by the Company, as the text requires: Shares, any other stock, shares or other evidences of equity or beneficial or other interests, voting trust certificates, bonds, debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, secured or unsecured, convertible, subordinated or otherwise, or in general any instruments commonly known as “securities” or any certificates of interest, shares or participations in, temporary or interim certificates for, receipts for, guarantees of, or warrants, options or rights to subscribe to, purchase or acquire, any of the foregoing.

 

SECURITIES ACT ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto. Reference to any provision of the Securities Act shall mean such provision as in effect from time to time, as the same may be amended, and any successor provision thereto, as interpreted by any applicable regulations as in effect from time to time.

 

SELLING COMMISSIONS ” means any and all commissions payable to underwriters, dealer managers or other broker-dealers in connection with the sale of Shares, including, without limitation, commissions payable to the Dealer Manager and any Soliciting Dealer.

 

SHARES ” means shares of capital stock of the Company of any class or series, including Common Shares or Preferred Shares.

 

SOLICITING DEALERS ” means those broker-dealers that are members of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., or that are exempt from broker-dealer registration, and that, in either case, enter into participating broker or other agreements with the Dealer Manager to sell Shares.

 

SPONSOR ” means any Person which (i) is directly or indirectly instrumental in organizing, wholly or in part, the Company, (ii) will manage or participate in the management of the Company, and any Affiliate of any such Person, other than a Person whose only relationship with the Company is that of an independent property manager and whose only compensation is as such, (iii) takes the initiative, directly or indirectly, in founding or organizing the Company, either alone or in conjunction with one or more other Persons, (iv) receives a material participation in the Company in connection with the founding or organizing of the business of the Company, in consideration of services or property, or both services and property, (v) has a substantial number of relationships and contacts with the Company, (vi) possesses significant rights to control Properties, (vii) receives fees for providing services to the Company which are paid on a basis that is not customary in the industry, or (viii) provides goods or services to the Company on a basis which was not negotiated at arm’s-length with the Company. The term “Sponsor” shall not include third parties wholly independent of the Company, such as attorneys, accountants and underwriters whose only compensation is for professional services.

 

STOCKHOLDERS ” means the holders of record of the Company’s Shares as maintained in the books and records of the Company or its transfer agent.

 

TERMINATION DATE ” means the date of termination of the Advisory Agreement.

 

TERMINATION OF THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING ” shall mean the earlier of (i) the date on which the Initial Public Offering expires or is terminated by the Company or (ii) the date on which all shares offered in the Initial Public Offering are sold, excluding warrants offered thereunder and shares that may be acquired upon exercise of such warrants and shares offered thereunder that may be acquired pursuant to the Reinvestment Plan (as hereafter defined).

 

TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES ” means all costs and expenses paid or incurred by the Company, as determined under generally accepted accounting principles, that are in any way related to the operation of the Company or to Company business, including advisory fees, but excluding (i) the expenses of raising capital such

 

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as Organization and Offering Expenses, legal, audit, accounting, underwriting, brokerage, listing, registration, and other fees, printing and other such expenses and tax incurred in connection with the issuance, distribution, transfer, registration and Listing of the Shares, (ii) interest payments, (iii) taxes, (iv) non-cash expenditures such as depreciation, amortization and bad debt reserves, (v) incentive fees paid in compliance with the NASAA REIT Guidelines; (vi) Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses, (vii) real estate commissions on the Sale of Property, and (viii) other fees and expenses connected with the acquisition, disposition, management and ownership of real estate interests, mortgage loans or other property (including the costs of foreclosure, insurance premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair, and improvement of property).

 

UNIMPROVED REAL PROPERTY ” means Property in which the Company has an equity interest that was not acquired for the purpose of producing rental or other operating income, that has no development or construction in process and for which no development or construction is planned, in good faith, to commence within one year.

 

ARTICLE V

 

STOCK

 

SECTION 5.1 AUTHORIZED SHARES. The total number of Shares that the Company shall have authority to issue is 70,000,000 Shares, of which (i) 60,000,000 shall be designated as common stock, $0.01 par value per Share (the “ Common Shares ”); and (ii) 10,000,000 shall be designated as preferred stock, $0.01 par value per Share (the “ Preferred Shares ”). The aggregate par value of all authorized shares of stock having par value is $700,000. If shares of one class of stock are classified or reclassified into shares of another class of stock pursuant to Section 5.2(ii) or Section 5.3 of this Article V, the number of authorized shares of the former class shall be automatically decreased and the number of shares of the latter class shall be automatically increased, in each case by the number of shares so classified or reclassified, as the case may be, so that the aggregate number of Shares of all classes that the Company has authority to issue shall not be more than the total number of Shares set forth in the first sentence of this Article. The Board, with the approval of a majority of the entire Board and without any action by the Stockholders, may amend the Charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of Shares or the number of Shares of any class or series that the Company has authority to issue.

 

SECTION 5.2 COMMON SHARES.

 

(i) COMMON SHARES SUBJECT TO TERMS OF PREFERRED SHARES. The Common Shares shall be subject to the express terms of any series of Preferred Shares.

 

(ii) DESCRIPTION. Subject to Section 5.9 of this Article V and except as may otherwise be specified in the terms of any class or series of Common Shares, each Common Share shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote per share on all matters upon which Stockholders are entitled to vote pursuant to Section 11.2 hereof. Shares of a particular class of Common Shares shall have equal dividend, distribution, liquidation and other rights, and shall have no preference, cumulative, preemptive, conversion or exchange rights. The Board may classify or reclassify any unissued Common Shares from time to time in one or more classes or series of stock.

 

(iii) DISTRIBUTION RIGHTS. The Board from time to time may authorize and the Company may pay to Stockholders such dividends or other Distributions in cash or other property as the Board in its discretion shall determine. The Board shall endeavor to authorize, and the Company may pay, such dividends and Distributions as shall be necessary for the Company to qualify as a REIT under the REIT Provisions of the Code unless the Board has determined, in its sole discretion, that qualification as a REIT is not in the best interests of the Company; provided, however, Stockholders shall have no right to any dividend or Distribution unless and until authorized by the Board and declared by the Company. The exercise of the powers and rights of the Board pursuant to this section shall be subject to the provisions of any class or series of Shares at the time outstanding. The receipt by any Person in whose name any Shares are registered on the records of the Company or by his or her duly authorized agent shall be a sufficient discharge for all dividends or Distributions payable or deliverable in respect

 

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of such Shares and from all liability to see to the application thereof. Distributions in kind shall not be permitted, except for distributions of readily marketable securities, distributions of beneficial interests in a liquidating trust established for the dissolution of the Company and the liquidation of its assets in accordance with the terms of the Charter or distributions in which (i) the Board advises each Stockholder of the risks associated with direct ownership of the property, (ii) the Board offers each Stockholder the election of receiving such in-kind distributions, and (iii) in-kind distributions are made only to those Stockholders that accept such offer.

 

(iv) RIGHTS UPON LIQUIDATION. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or any distribution of the assets of the Company, the aggregate assets available for distribution to holders of the Common Shares shall be determined in accordance with applicable law. Each holder of Common Shares shall be entitled to receive, ratably with each other holder of Common Shares, that portion of such aggregate assets available for distribution as the number of outstanding Common Shares held by such holder bears to the total number of outstanding Common Shares then outstanding.

 

(v) VOTING RIGHTS. Except as may be provided otherwise in the Charter, and subject to the express terms of any series of Preferred Shares, the holders of the Common Shares shall have the exclusive right to vote on all matters (as to which a common stockholder shall be entitled to vote pursuant to applicable law) at all meetings of the Stockholders of the Company.

 

SECTION 5.3 PREFERRED SHARES. The Board may classify any unissued Preferred Shares and reclassify any previously classified but unissued Preferred Shares of any series from time to time, in one or more classes or series of Shares. The voting rights of the holders of shares of any series of Preferred Shares shall not exceed voting rights that bear the same relationship to the voting rights of the holders of Common Shares as the consideration paid to the Company for each Preferred Share bears to the book value of each outstanding Common Share.

 

SECTION 5.4 CLASSIFIED OR RECLASSIFIED SHARES. Prior to issuance of classified or reclassified shares of any class or series, the Board by resolution shall: (a) designate that class or series to distinguish it from all other classes and series of stock of the Company; (b) specify the number of shares to be included in the class or series; (c) set or change, subject to the provisions of Section 5.9 and subject to the express terms of any class or series of Stock outstanding at the time, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each class or series; and (d) cause the Company to file articles supplementary with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (“ SDAT ”). Any of the terms of any class or series of stock set or changed pursuant to clause (c) of this Section 5.4 may be made dependent upon facts or events ascertainable outside the Charter (including determinations by the Board or other facts or events within the control of the Company) and may vary among holders thereof, provided that the manner in which such facts, events or variations shall operate upon the terms of such class or series of Stock is clearly and expressly set forth in the articles supplementary filed with the SDAT.

 

SECTION 5.5 STOCKHOLDERS’ CONSENT IN LIEU OF MEETING. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Stockholders may be taken without a meeting by consent, in writing or by electronic transmission, in any manner permitted by the MGCL and set forth in the Bylaws.

 

SECTION 5.6 CHARTER AND BYLAWS. The rights of all Stockholders and the terms of all Shares are subject to the provisions of the Charter and the Bylaws.

 

SECTION 5.7 NO ISSUANCE OF SHARE CERTIFICATES. Until Listing, the Company shall not issue stock certificates. A Stockholder’s investment shall be recorded on the books of the Company. To transfer his or her Shares, a Stockholder shall submit an executed form to the Company, which form shall be provided by the Company upon request. Such transfer will also be recorded on the books of the Company. Upon issuance or

 

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transfer of Shares, the Company will provide the Stockholder with information concerning his or her rights with regard to such Shares, as required by the Bylaws and the MGCL or other applicable law.

 

SECTION 5.8 SUITABILITY OF STOCKHOLDERS.

 

Until Listing, the following provisions shall apply:

 

(i) INVESTOR SUITABILITY STANDARDS. Subject to suitability standards established by individual states, to become a Stockholder in the Company, if such prospective Stockholder is an individual (including an individual beneficiary of a purchasing Individual Retirement Account), or if the prospective Stockholder is a fiduciary (such as a trustee of a trust or corporate pension or profit sharing plan, or other tax-exempt organization, or a custodian under a Uniform Gifts to Minors Act), such individual or fiduciary, as the case may be, must represent to the Company, among other requirements as the Company may require from time to time:

 

(a) that such individual (or, in the case of a fiduciary, that the fiduciary account or the donor who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase the Shares) has a minimum annual gross income of $45,000 and a net worth (excluding home, furnishings and automobiles) of not less than $45,000; or

 

(b) that such individual (or, in the case of a fiduciary, that the fiduciary account or the donor who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase the Shares) has a net worth (excluding home, furnishings and automobiles) of not less than $150,000.

 

(ii) DETERMINATION OF SUITABILITY OF SALE. The Sponsor and each Person selling Shares on behalf of the Sponsor or the Company shall make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of Shares is a suitable and appropriate investment for each Stockholder. In making this determination, the Sponsor or each Person selling Shares on behalf of the Sponsor or the Company shall ascertain that the prospective Stockholder: (a) meets the minimum income and net worth standards established for the Company; (b) can reasonably benefit from the Company based on the prospective Stockholder’s overall investment objectives and portfolio structure; (c) is able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on the prospective Stockholder’s overall financial situation; and (d) has apparent understanding of (1) the fundamental risks of the investment; (2) the risk that the Stockholder may lose the entire investment; (3) the lack of liquidity of the Shares; (4) the restrictions on transferability of the Shares; (5) the background and qualifications of the Sponsor or the Advisor; and (6) the tax consequences of the investment.

 

The Sponsor or each Person selling shares on behalf of the Sponsor or the Company shall make this determination on the basis of information it has obtained from a prospective Stockholder. Relevant information for this purpose will include at least the age, investment objectives, investment experiences, income, net worth, financial situation, and other investments of the prospective Stockholder, as well as any other pertinent factors.

 

The Sponsor or each Person selling Shares on behalf of the Sponsor or the Company shall maintain records of the information used to determine that an investment in Shares is suitable and appropriate for a Stockholder. The Sponsor or each Person selling Shares on behalf of the Sponsor or the Company shall maintain these records for at least six years.

 

(iii) MINIMUM INVESTMENT. The Company will sell shares of its common stock only to investors who initially purchase a minimum of 100 shares for an aggregate price of $1,000 or tax-exempt entities which purchase 300 shares for an aggregate price of $3,000.

 

SECTION 5.9 RESTRICTIONS ON OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER.

 

(i) DEFINITIONS. For purposes of Section 5.9, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

 

AGGREGATE SHARE OWNERSHIP LIMIT ” means not more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of the outstanding Shares.

 

BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP ” means ownership of Shares by a Person, whether the interest in the Shares is held directly or indirectly (including by a nominee), and shall include interests that would be treated as owned

 

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through the application of Section 544 of the Code, as modified by Section 856(h)(1)(B) of the Code. The terms “Beneficial Owner,” “Beneficially Owns” and “Beneficially Owned” shall have the correlative meanings.

 

BUSINESS DAY ” means any day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.

 

CHARITABLE BENEFICIARY ” means one or more beneficiaries of the Trust as determined pursuant to Section 5.9(iii)(f), provided that each such organization must be described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Code and contributions to each such organization must be eligible for deduction under each of Sections 170(b)(1)(A), 2055 and 2522 of the Code.

 

CONSTRUCTIVE OWNERSHIP ” means ownership of Shares by a Person, whether the interest in the Shares is held directly or indirectly (including by a nominee), and shall include interests that would be treated as owned through the application of Section 318(a) of the Code, as modified by Section 856(d)(5) of the Code. The terms “Constructive Owner,” “Constructively Owns” and “Constructively Owned” shall have the correlative meanings.

 

EQUITY SHARES ” means shares of stock of all classes or series, including, without limitation, Common Shares and Preferred Shares.

 

EXCEPTED HOLDER ” means a Stockholder for whom an Excepted Holder Limit is created by this Charter or by the Board pursuant to Section 5.9(ii)(g).

 

EXCEPTED HOLDER LIMIT ” means, provided that the affected Excepted Holder agrees to comply with the requirements established by the Board pursuant to Section 5.9(ii)(g), and subject to adjustment pursuant to Section 5.9(ii)(h), the percentage limit established by the Board pursuant to Section 5.9(ii)(g).

 

MARKET PRICE ” on any date means, with respect to any class or series of outstanding Shares, the Closing Price for such Shares on such date. The “Closing Price” on any date shall mean the last sale price for such Shares, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, for such Shares, in either case as reported on the principal national securities exchange on which such Shares are Listed or admitted to trading or, if such Shares are not Listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted price, or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Automated Quotation System or, if such system is no longer in use, the principal other automated quotation system that may then be in use or, if such Shares are not quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in such Shares selected by the Board or, in the event that no trading price is available for such Shares, the fair market value of the Shares, as determined in good faith by the Board.

 

NYSE ” means the New York Stock Exchange.

 

PROHIBITED OWNER ” means, with respect to any purported Transfer, any Person who, but for the provisions of Section 5.9(ii)(a), would Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares, and if appropriate in the context, shall also mean any Person who would have been the record owner of the Shares that the Prohibited Owner would have so owned.

 

RESTRICTION TERMINATION DATE ” means the first day after the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering on which the Company determines pursuant to Section 7.3 of the Charter that it is no longer in the best interests of the Company to attempt to, or continue to, qualify as a REIT or that compliance with the restrictions and limitations on Beneficial Ownership, Constructive Ownership and Transfers of Shares set forth herein is no longer required in order for the Company to qualify as a REIT.

 

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TRANSFER ” means any issuance, sale, transfer, gift, assignment, devise or other disposition, as well as any other event that causes any Person to acquire Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership, or any agreement to take any such actions or cause any such events, of Shares or the right to vote or receive dividends on Shares, including (a) the granting or exercise of any option (or any disposition of any option), (b) any disposition of any securities or rights convertible into or exchangeable for Shares or any interest in Shares or any exercise of any such conversion or exchange right and (c) Transfers of interests in other entities that result in changes in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Shares; in each case, whether voluntary or involuntary, whether owned of record, Constructively Owned or Beneficially Owned and whether by operation of law or otherwise. The terms “Transferring” and “Transferred” shall have the correlative meanings.

 

TRUST ” means any trust provided for in Section 5.9(iii)(a).

 

TRUSTEE ” means the Person unaffiliated with the Company and a Prohibited Owner, that is appointed by the Company to serve as trustee of the Trust.

 

(ii) SHARES.

 

(a) OWNERSHIP LIMITATIONS. During the period commencing on the date of the Company’s qualification as a REIT and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, but subject to Section 5.10:

 

(I) BASIC RESTRICTIONS.

 

(A) (1) No Person, other than an Excepted Holder, shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess of the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit and (2) no Excepted Holder shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess of the Excepted Holder Limit for such Excepted Holder.

 

(B) No Person shall Beneficially or Constructively Own Shares to the extent that such Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Shares would result in the Company being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable year), or otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT (including, but not limited to, Beneficial or Constructive Ownership that would result in the Company owning (actually or Constructively) an interest in a tenant that is described in Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code if the income derived by the Company from such tenant would cause the Company to fail to satisfy any of the gross income requirements of Section 856(c) of the Code).

 

(C) Any Transfer of Shares that, if effective, would result in Shares being beneficially owned by less than 100 Persons (determined under the principles of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code) shall be void ab initio , and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Shares.

 

(II) TRANSFER IN TRUST. If any Transfer of Shares (whether or not such Transfer is the result of a transaction entered into through the facilities of the NYSE or any other national securities exchange or automated inter-dealer quotation system) occurs which, if effective, would result in any Person Beneficially Owning or Constructively Owning Shares in violation of Section 5.9(ii)(a)(I)(A) or (B),

 

(A) then that number of Shares the Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of which otherwise would cause such Person to violate Section 5.9(ii)(a)(I)(A) or (B) (rounded to the nearest whole share) shall be automatically transferred to a Trust for the benefit of a Charitable Beneficiary, as described in Section 5.9(iii), effective as of the close of business on the Business Day prior to the date of such Transfer, and such Person shall acquire no rights in such shares; or

 

(B) if the transfer to the Trust described in clause (A) of this sentence would not be effective for any reason to prevent the violation of Section 5.9(ii)(a)(I)(A) or (B) then the Transfer of that number of Shares that otherwise would cause any Person to violate Section 5.9(ii)(a)(I)(A) or (B) shall be void ab initio , and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Shares.

 

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(b) REMEDIES FOR BREACH. If the Board or any duly authorized committee thereof shall at any time determine in good faith that a Transfer or other event has taken place that results in a violation of Section 5.9(ii)(a) or that a Person intends to acquire or has attempted to acquire Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of any Shares in violation of Section 5.9(ii)(a) (whether or not such violation is intended), the Board or a committee thereof shall take such action as it deems advisable to refuse to give effect to or to prevent such Transfer or other event, including, without limitation, causing the Company to redeem Shares, refusing to give effect to such Transfer on the books of the Company or instituting proceedings to enjoin such Transfer or other event; provided, however, that any Transfer or attempted Transfer or other event in violation of Section 5.9(ii)(a) shall automatically result in the transfer to the Trust described above, and, where applicable, such Transfer (or other event) shall be void ab initio as provided above irrespective of any action (or non-action) by the Board or a committee thereof.

 

(c) NOTICE OF RESTRICTED TRANSFER. Any Person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of Shares that will or may violate Section 5.9(ii)(a)(I)(A) or (B) or any Person who would have owned Shares that resulted in a transfer to the Trust pursuant to the provisions of Section 5.9(ii)(a)(II) shall immediately give written notice to the Company of such event, or in the case of such a proposed or attempted transaction, give at least 15 days prior written notice, and shall provide to the Company such other information as the Company may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such Transfer on the Company’s status as a REIT.

 

(d) OWNERS REQUIRED TO PROVIDE INFORMATION. From the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering and prior to the Restriction Termination Date:

 

(I) every owner of more than five percent (or such lower percentage as required by the Code or the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder) of the outstanding Shares, within 30 days after the end of each taxable year, shall give written notice to the Company stating the name and address of such owner, the number of Shares Beneficially Owned and a description of the manner in which such Shares are held. Each such owner shall provide to the Company such additional information as the Company may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such Beneficial Ownership on the Company’s status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit; and

 

(II) each Person who is a Beneficial or Constructive Owner of Shares and each Person (including the stockholder of record) who is holding Shares for a Beneficial or Constructive Owner shall provide to the Company such information as the Company may request, in good faith, in order to determine the Company’s status as a REIT and to comply with requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine such compliance.

 

(e) REMEDIES NOT LIMITED. Subject to Section 7.3 of the Charter, nothing contained in this Section 5.9(ii)(e) shall limit the authority of the Board to take such other action as it deems necessary or advisable to protect the Company and the interests of its stockholders in preserving the Company’s status as a REIT.

 

(f) AMBIGUITY. In the case of an ambiguity in the application of any of the provisions of this Section 5.9(ii), Section 5.9(iii), or any definition contained in Section 5.9(i), the Board shall have the power to determine the application of the provisions of this Section 5.9(ii) or Section 5.9(iii) or any such definition with respect to any situation based on the facts known to it. In the event Section 5.9(ii) or (iii) requires an action by the Board and the Charter fails to provide specific guidance with respect to such action, the Board shall have the power to determine the action to be taken so long as such action is not contrary to the provisions of Section 5.9. Absent a decision to the contrary by the Board (which the Board may make in its sole and absolute discretion), if a Person would have (but for the remedies set forth in Section 5.9(ii)(b)) acquired Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Shares in violation of Section 5.9(ii)(a), such remedies (as applicable) shall apply first to the Shares which, but for such remedies, would have been Beneficially Owned or Constructively Owned (but not actually owned) by such Person, pro rata among the Persons who actually own such Shares based upon the relative number of the Shares held by each such Person.

 

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(g) EXCEPTIONS.

 

(I) Subject to Section 5.9(ii)(a)(I)(B), the Board, in its sole discretion, may (prospectively or retroactively) exempt a Person from the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit and may establish or increase an Excepted Holder Limit for such Person if:

 

(A) the Board obtains such representations and undertakings from such Person as are reasonably necessary to ascertain that no individual’s Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of such Shares will violate Section 5.9(ii)(a)(I)(B);

 

(B) such Person does not and represents that it will not own, actually or Constructively, an interest in a tenant of the Company (or a tenant of any entity owned or controlled by the Company) that would cause the Company to own, actually or Constructively, more than a 9.9% interest (as set forth in Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code) in such tenant and the Board obtains such representations and undertakings from such Person as are reasonably necessary to ascertain this fact (for this purpose, a tenant from whom the Company (or an entity owned or controlled by the Company) derives (and is expected to continue to derive) a sufficiently small amount of revenue such that, in the opinion of the Board, rent from such tenant would not adversely affect the Company’s ability to qualify as a REIT, shall not be treated as a tenant of the Company); and

 

(C) such Person agrees that any violation or attempted violation of such representations or undertakings (or other action which is contrary to the restrictions contained in Section 5.9(ii)(a) through Section 5.9(ii)(f)) will result in such Shares being automatically transferred to a Trust in accordance with Section 5.9(ii)(A)(II) and Section 5.9(iii).

 

(II) Prior to granting any exception pursuant to Section 5.9(ii)(g)(I), the Board may require a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, or an opinion of counsel, in either case in form and substance satisfactory to the Board in its sole discretion, as it may deem necessary or advisable in order to determine or ensure the Company’s status as a REIT. Notwithstanding the receipt of any ruling or opinion, the Board may impose such conditions or restrictions as it deems appropriate in connection with granting such exception.

 

(III) Subject to Section 5.9(ii)(a)(I)(B), an underwriter which participates in an Offering or a private placement of Shares (or Securities convertible into or exchangeable for Shares) may Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares (or Securities convertible into or exchangeable for Shares) in excess of the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit but only to the extent necessary to facilitate such Offering or private placement.

 

(IV) The Board may only reduce the Excepted Holder Limit for an Excepted Holder: (1) with the written consent of such Excepted Holder at any time, or (2) pursuant to the terms and conditions of the agreements and undertakings entered into with such Excepted Holder in connection with the establishment of the Excepted Holder Limit for that Excepted Holder. No Excepted Holder Limit shall be reduced to a percentage that is less than the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit.

 

(h) INCREASE IN AGGREGATE SHARE OWNERSHIP LIMIT. Subject to Section 5.9(ii)(a)(I)(B), the Board may from time to time increase the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit for one or more Persons and decrease the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit for all other Persons; provided, however, that the decreased Aggregate Share Ownership Limit will not be effective for any Person whose percentage ownership of Shares is in excess of such decreased Aggregate Share Ownership Limit until such time as such Person’s percentage of Shares equals or falls below the decreased Aggregate Share Ownership Limit, but any further acquisition of Shares in excess of such percentage ownership of Shares will be in violation of the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit and, provided further, that the new Aggregate Share Ownership Limit would not allow five or fewer Persons to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own more than 49.9% in value of the outstanding Shares.

 

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(i) NOTICE TO STOCKHOLDERS UPON ISSUANCE OR TRANSFER. Upon issuance or transfer of Shares prior to the Restriction Termination Date, the Company shall provide the recipient with a notice containing information about the Shares purchased or otherwise transferred, in lieu of issuance of a share certificate, in a form substantially similar to the following:

 

The securities of Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. (the “Company”) are subject to restrictions on Beneficial and Constructive Ownership and Transfer for the purpose, among others, of the Company’s maintenance of its status as a real estate investment trust under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Subject to certain further restrictions and except as expressly provided in the Charter, (i) no Person may Beneficially or Constructively Own Shares in excess of 9.8% of the value of the total outstanding Shares unless such Person is an Excepted Holder (in which case the Excepted Holder Limit shall be applicable); (ii) no Person may Beneficially or Constructively Own Shares that would result in the Company being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise cause the Company to fail to qualify as a REIT; and (iii) no Person may Transfer Shares if such Transfer would result in the Shares of the Company being owned by fewer than 100 Persons. Any Person who Beneficially or Constructively Owns or attempts to Beneficially or Constructively Own Shares which causes or will cause a Person to Beneficially or Constructively Own Shares in excess or in violation of the above limitations must immediately notify the Company. If any of the restrictions on transfer or ownership are violated, the Shares represented hereby will be automatically transferred to a Trustee of a Trust for the benefit of one or more Charitable Beneficiaries. In addition, the Company may redeem shares upon the terms and conditions specified by the Board in its sole discretion if the Board determines that ownership or a Transfer or other event may violate the restrictions described above. Furthermore, upon the occurrence of certain events, attempted Transfers in violation of the restrictions described above may be void ab initio . All capitalized terms in this notice have the meanings defined in the Charter, as the same may be amended from time to time, a copy of which, including the restrictions on transfer and ownership, will be furnished to each holder of Shares of the Company on request and without charge.

 

(iii) TRANSFER OF SHARES IN TRUST.

 

(a) OWNERSHIP IN TRUST. Upon any purported Transfer or other event described in Section 5.9(ii)(a)(III) that would result in a transfer of Shares to a Trust, such Shares shall be deemed to have been transferred to the Trustee as trustee of a Trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more Charitable Beneficiaries. Such transfer to the Trustee shall be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the Business Day prior to the purported Transfer or other event that results in the transfer to the Trust pursuant to Section 5.9(ii)(a)(III). The Trustee shall be appointed by the Company and shall be a Person unaffiliated with the Company and any Prohibited Owner. Each Charitable Beneficiary shall be designated by the Company as provided in Section 5.9(iii)(f).

 

(b) STATUS OF SHARES HELD BY THE TRUSTEE. Shares held by the Trustee shall be issued and outstanding Shares of the Company. The Prohibited Owner shall have no rights in the shares held by the Trustee. The Prohibited Owner shall not benefit economically from ownership of any Shares held in trust by the Trustee, shall have no rights to dividends or other distributions and shall not possess any rights to vote or other rights attributable to the Shares held in the Trust.

 

(c) DIVIDEND AND VOTING RIGHTS. The Trustee shall have all voting rights and rights to dividends or other distributions with respect to Shares held in the Trust, which rights shall be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary. Any dividend or other distribution paid prior to the discovery by the Company that the Shares have been transferred to the Trustee shall be paid by the recipient of such dividend or distribution to the Trustee upon demand and any dividend or other distribution authorized but unpaid shall be paid when due to the Trustee. Any dividend or distribution so paid to the Trustee shall be held in trust for the Charitable Beneficiary. The Prohibited Owner shall have no voting rights with respect to shares held in the Trust and, subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that the Shares have been transferred to the Trustee, the Trustee shall have the authority (at the Trustee’s sole

 

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discretion) (i) to rescind as void any vote cast by a Prohibited Owner prior to the discovery by the Company that the Shares have been transferred to the Trustee and (ii) to recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the Trustee acting for the benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary; provided, however, that if the Company has already taken irreversible corporate action, then the Trustee shall not have the authority to rescind and recast such vote. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 5.9, until the Company has received notification that Shares have been transferred into a Trust, the Company shall be entitled to rely on its share transfer and other stockholder records for purposes of preparing lists of stockholders entitled to vote at meetings, determining the validity and authority of proxies and otherwise conducting votes of stockholders.

 

(d) SALE OF SHARES BY TRUSTEE. Within 20 days of receiving notice from the Company that Shares have been transferred to the Trust, the Trustee shall sell the Shares held in the Trust to a person, designated by the Trustee, whose ownership of the Shares will not violate the ownership limitations set forth in Section 5.9(ii)(a)(I) or (II). Upon such sale, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the Shares sold shall terminate and the Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner and to the Charitable Beneficiary as provided in this Section 5.9(iii)(d). The Prohibited Owner shall receive the lesser of (1) the price paid by the Prohibited Owner for the Shares or, if the Prohibited Owner did not give value for the Shares in connection with the event causing the Shares to be held in the Trust (e.g., in the case of a gift, devise or other such transaction), the Market Price of the Shares on the day of the event causing the Shares to be held in the Trust and (2) the price per Share received by the Trustee from the sale or other disposition of the Shares held in the Trust. The Trustee may reduce the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner by the amount of dividends and distributions which have been paid to the Prohibited Owner and are owed by the Prohibited Owner to the Trustee pursuant to Section 5.9(c). Any net sales proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner shall be immediately paid to the Charitable Beneficiary. If, prior to the discovery by the Company that Shares have been transferred to the Trustee, such Shares are sold by a Prohibited Owner, then (i) such Shares shall be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the Trust and (ii) to the extent that the Prohibited Owner received an amount for such Shares that exceeds the amount that such Prohibited Owner was entitled to receive pursuant to this Section 5.9, such excess shall be paid to the Trustee upon demand.

 

(e) PURCHASE RIGHT IN STOCK TRANSFERRED TO THE TRUSTEE. Shares transferred to the Trustee shall be deemed to have been offered for sale to the Company, or its designee, at a price per Share equal to the lesser of (i) the price per Share in the transaction that resulted in such transfer to the Trust (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the Market Price at the time of such devise or gift) and (ii) the Market Price on the date the Company, or its designee, accepts such offer. The Company may reduce the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner by the amount of dividends and distributions which has been paid to the Prohibited Owner and is owed by the Prohibited Owner to the Trustee pursuant to Section 5.9(c). The Company may pay the amount of such reduction to the Trustee for the benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary. The Company shall have the right to accept such offer until the Trustee has sold the shares held in the Trust pursuant to Section 5.9(iii)(d). Upon such a sale to the Company, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the Shares sold shall terminate and the Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner.

 

(f) DESIGNATION OF CHARITABLE BENEFICIARIES. By written notice to the Trustee, the Company shall designate one or more nonprofit organizations to be the Charitable Beneficiary of the interest in the Trust such that (i) the Shares held in the Trust would not violate the restrictions set forth in Section 5.9(ii)(a)(I) or (II) in the hands of such Charitable Beneficiary and (ii) each such organization must be described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Code and contributions to each such organization must be eligible for deduction under each of Sections 170(b)(1)(A), 2055 and 2522 of the Code.

 

SECTION 5.10 SETTLEMENTS. Nothing in Section 5.9 shall preclude the settlement of any transaction entered into through the facilities of the NYSE or any other national securities exchange or automated inter-dealer quotation system. The fact that the settlement of any transaction occurs shall not negate the effect of any

 

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provision of Sections 5.9, and any transfer in such a transaction shall be subject to all of the provisions and limitations set forth in Section 5.9.

 

SECTION 5.11 SEVERABILITY. If any provision of Section 5.9 or any application of any such provision is determined to be void, invalid or unenforceable by any court having jurisdiction over the issue, the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of Section 5.9 shall not be affected and other applications of such provision shall be affected only to the extent necessary to comply with the determination of such court.

 

SECTION 5.12 ENFORCEMENT. The Company is authorized specifically to seek equitable relief, including injunctive relief, to enforce the provisions of Section 5.9.

 

SECTION 5.13 NON-WAIVER. No delay or failure on the part of the Company or the Board in exercising any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver of any right of the Company or the Board, as the case may be, except to the extent specifically waived in writing.

 

SECTION 5.14 REPURCHASE OF SHARES. The Board may establish, from time to time, a program or programs by which the Company voluntarily repurchases Shares from its Stockholders; provided, however, that such repurchase does not impair the capital or operations of the Company. The Sponsor, Advisor, members of the Board or any Affiliates thereof may not receive any fees arising out of the repurchase of Shares by the Company.

 

SECTION 5.15 DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLANS. The Board may establish, from time to time, a Distribution reinvestment plan or plans (each, a “ Reinvestment Plan ”). Under any such Reinvestment Plan, (i) all material information regarding Distributions to the Stockholders and the effect of reinvesting such Distributions, including the tax consequences thereof, shall be provided to the Stockholders not less often than annually, and (ii) each Stockholder participating in such Reinvestment Plan shall have a reasonable opportunity to withdraw from the Reinvestment Plan not less often than annually after receipt of the information required in clause (i) above.

 

SECTION 5.16 PREEMPTIVE AND APPRAISAL RIGHTS. Except as may be provided by the Board in setting the terms of classified or reclassified Shares pursuant to Section 5.4 or as may otherwise be provided by contract, no holder of Shares shall, as such holder, have any preemptive right to purchase or subscribe for any additional Shares or any other security of the Company which it may issue or sell. The Company shall not issue non-voting or assessable Common Shares or warrants, options or similar evidences of the right to buy Shares unless the same are issued (i) to all holders of Shares ratably as part of a financing arrangement or (ii) as part of a stock option plan for the benefit of some or all directors, officers or employees of the Company or its Affiliates. Holders of Shares shall not be entitled to exercise any rights of an objecting stockholder provided for under Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the MGCL or any successor statute unless the Board, upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board, shall determine that such rights apply, with respect to all or any classes or series of Shares, to one or more transactions occurring after the date of such determination in connection with which holders of such Shares would otherwise be entitled to exercise such rights.

 

ARTICLE VI

 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

 

SECTION 6.1 NUMBER OF DIRECTORS. The number of Directors of the Company shall be five, which number may be increased or decreased from time to time pursuant to the Bylaws; provided, however, that the total number of Directors shall be not fewer than three; provided, further, however, that until such date as the Company’s Prospectus as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission shall become effective, the number of Directors of the Company shall be two. After the date of the final prospectus, a majority of the Board will be Independent Directors except for a period of up to 60 days after the death, removal or resignation of an Independent Director. The Company elects, at such time as it becomes eligible to make the election provided for

 

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under Section 3-802(b) of the MGCL, that, except as may be provided by the Board in setting the terms of any class or series of Shares, any and all vacancies on the Board may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining Directors in office, even if the remaining Directors do not constitute a quorum, and any Director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, Independent Directors shall nominate replacements for vacancies among the Independent Directors’ positions. No reduction in the number of Directors shall cause the removal of any Director from office prior to the expiration of his term, except as may otherwise be provided in the terms of any Preferred Shares issued by the Company. For the purposes of voting for Directors, each Share of stock may be voted for as many individuals as there are Directors to be elected and for whose election the Share is entitled to be voted. Cumulative voting for Directors is prohibited.

 

The names of the Directors who shall serve on the Board until the first annual meeting of the Stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualify, subject to an increase in the number of Directors prior to the first annual meeting of the Stockholders, are:

 

David Lichtenstein

 

Jonathan Gould

 

SECTION 6.2 EXPERIENCE. Each Director shall have at least three years of relevant experience demonstrating the knowledge and experience required to successfully acquire and manage the type of assets being acquired by the Company. At least one of the Independent Directors shall have three years of relevant real estate experience, and at least one of the Independent Directors shall be a financial expert with at least three years of relevant finance experience.

 

SECTION 6.3 COMMITTEES. Subject to the MGCL, the Board may establish such committees as it deems appropriate, in its discretion, provided that the majority of the members of each committee are Independent Directors. Any Audit Committee established by the Board shall be composed solely of Independent Directors.

 

SECTION 6.4 TERM. Each Director shall hold office for one year, until the next annual meeting of Stockholders and until his successor is duly elected and qualifies. Directors may be elected to an unlimited number of successive terms.

 

SECTION 6.5 FIDUCIARY OBLIGATIONS. The Directors and the Advisor serve in a fiduciary capacity to the Company and have a fiduciary duty to the Stockholders of the Company, including, with respect to the Directors, a specific fiduciary duty to supervise the relationship of the Company with the Advisor.

 

SECTION 6.6 RESIGNATION, REMOVAL OR DEATH. Any Director may resign by written notice to the Board, effective upon execution and delivery to the Company of such written notice or upon any future date specified in the notice. A Director may be removed from office with or without cause only at a meeting of the Stockholders called for that purpose, by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than a majority of the Shares then outstanding and entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, subject to the rights of any Preferred Shares to vote for such Directors. The notice of such meeting shall indicate that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of such meeting is to determine if a Director should be removed.

 

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ARTICLE VII

 

POWERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

 

SECTION 7.1 GENERAL. The business and affairs of the Company shall be managed under the direction of the Board, and the Board shall have full, exclusive and absolute power, control and authority over the Company’s assets and over the business of the Company as if it, in its own right, was the sole owner thereof, except as otherwise limited by the Charter. In accordance with the policies on investments and borrowing set forth in this Article VII and Article IX hereof, the Board shall monitor the administrative procedures, investment operations and performance of the Company and the Advisor to assure that such policies are carried out. The Board may take any action that, in its sole judgment and discretion, is necessary or desirable to conduct the business of the Company.

 

At or before the first meeting of the Board, the Charter shall be reviewed and ratified by a majority of the Directors and of the Independent Directors. The Charter shall be construed with a presumption in favor of the grant of power and authority to the Board. Any construction of the Charter or determination made in good faith by the Board concerning its powers and authority hereunder shall be conclusive. The enumeration and definition of particular powers of the Board included in this Article VII shall in no way be limited or restricted by reference to or inference from the terms of this or any other provision of the Charter or construed or deemed by inference or otherwise in any manner to exclude or limit the powers conferred upon the Board under the general laws of the State of Maryland as now or hereafter in force.

 

SECTION 7.2 AUTHORIZATION BY BOARD OF STOCK ISSUANCE. The Board may authorize the issuance from time to time of Shares of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, or securities or rights convertible into Shares of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, for such consideration as the Board may deem advisable (or without consideration in the case of a stock split or stock dividend), subject to such restrictions or limitations, if any, as may be set forth in the Charter or the Bylaws.

 

SECTION 7.3 FINANCINGS. The Board shall have the power and authority to borrow or, in any other manner, raise money for the purposes and on the terms it determines, which terms may (i) include evidencing the same by issuance of Securities of the Company and (ii) have such provisions as the Board may determine (a) to reacquire such Securities; (b) to enter into other contracts or obligations on behalf of the Company; (c) to guarantee, indemnify or act as surety with respect to payment or performance of obligations of any Person and (d) to mortgage, pledge, assign, grant security interests in or otherwise encumber the Company’s assets to secure any such Securities of the Company, contracts or obligations (including guarantees, indemnifications and suretyships); and to renew, modify, release, compromise, extend, consolidate or cancel, in whole or in part, any obligation to or of the Company or participate in any reorganization of obligors to the Company.

 

SECTION 7.4 REIT QUALIFICATION. If the Company elects to qualify for federal income tax treatment as a REIT, the Board shall use its reasonable best efforts to take such actions as are necessary or appropriate to preserve the status of the Company as a REIT; however, if the Board determines that it is no longer in the best interests of the Company to continue to be qualified as a REIT, the Board may revoke or otherwise terminate the Company’s REIT election pursuant to Section 856(g) of the Code. The Board also may determine that compliance with any restriction or limitation on stock ownership and transfers set forth in Section 5.9 of Article V is no longer required for REIT qualification.

 

SECTION 7.5 DETERMINATIONS BY BOARD. The determination as to any of the following matters, made in good faith by or pursuant to the direction of the Board consistent with the Charter, shall be final and conclusive and shall be binding upon the Company and every holder of Shares: the amount of the net income of the Company for any period and the amount of assets at any time legally available for the payment of dividends, redemption of Shares or the payment of other distributions on Shares; the amount of paid in surplus, net assets, other surplus, annual or other cash flow, funds from operations, net profit, net assets in excess of capital, undivided profits or excess of profits over losses on sales of assets; the amount, purpose, time of creation, increase or decrease, alteration or cancellation of any reserves or charges and the propriety thereof (whether or not any obligation or liability for which such reserves or charges shall have been created shall have been paid or

 

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discharged); any interpretation of the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers or rights, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of any class or series of Shares; the fair value, or any sale, bid or asked price to be applied in determining the fair value, of any asset owned or held by the Company or of any Shares; the number of Shares of any class of the Company; any matter relating to the acquisition, holding and disposition of any assets by the Company; or any other matter relating to the business and affairs of the Company or required or permitted by applicable law, the Charter or Bylaws or otherwise to be determined by the Board.

 

SECTION 7.6 STOCKHOLDER CONCURRENCE REQUIRED. Notwithstanding the foregoing, without concurrence of a majority of the outstanding Shares, the Board may not (i) amend these Articles of Amendment and Restatement, except for amendments that do not adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of Stockholders (including amendments to provisions relating to Director qualifications, fiduciary duty, liability and indemnification, conflicts of interest, investment policies or investment restrictions), (ii) sell all or substantially all of the Company’s assets other than in the ordinary course of the Company’s business or in connection with liquidation and dissolution, (iii) cause the merger or other reorganization of the Company or (iv) dissolve or liquidate the Company, other than before the Company’s initial investment in property.

 

SECTION 7.7 VOTE OF MAJORITY OF INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS REQUIRED. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Directors and Independent Directors are bound by, and a majority of the Independent Directors must approve matters relating to, the following restrictions on and obligations of the Directors and the Independent Directors: (i) the requirement that a majority of Directors and of Independent Directors review and ratify the Charter at or before the first meeting of the Board; (ii) the duty of the Board to establish written policies on investments and borrowing and to monitor the administrative procedures, investment operations and performance of the Company and the Advisor to assure that such policies are carried out; (iii) the Company’s minimum capitalization; (iv) the Advisory Agreement; (v) liability and indemnification; (vi) reasonableness of the Company’s fees and expenses; (vii) limitations on Organization and Offering Expenses; (viii) limitations on Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses; (viii) limitations on Total Operating Expenses; (ix) limitations on Real Estate commissions on resale of property; (x) limitations on incentive fees; (xi) Advisor compensation; (xii) the Independent Directors’ periodic duty to review the Company’s investment policies; (xiii) the authority of a majority of the Independent Directors to select an Independent Appraiser to determine the fair market value that the Company pays for Real Estate that it acquires both (a) when a majority of the Independent Directors determine to appoint an Independent Appraiser to determine fair market value in connection with any acquisition by the Company and (b) whenever the Company acquires property from the Advisor, Directors, the Sponsor or their Affiliates; (xiv) the restrictions and procedures contained herein relating to meetings of Stockholders; (xv) the authority of a majority of Stockholders present in person or by proxy at an annual meeting at which a quorum is present, without the necessity for concurrence by the Board, to vote to elect the Directors; (xvi) those requirements of any Reinvestment Plan that the Board establishes, contained herein, relating to periodic distribution of certain material information to Stockholders and opportunity for participating Stockholders to withdraw; and (xvii) the requirement that a majority of Independent Directors must approve matters relating to the duties and restrictions enumerated in this Section 7.7.

 

ARTICLE VIII

 

ADVISOR

 

SECTION 8.1 APPOINTMENT AND INITIAL INVESTMENT OF ADVISOR. The Board is responsible for setting the general policies of the Company and for the general supervision of its business conducted by officers, agents, employees, advisors or independent contractors of the Company. However, the Board is not required personally to conduct the business of the Company, and it may (but need not) appoint, employ or contract with any Person (including a Person Affiliated with any Director) as an Advisor and may

 

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grant or delegate such authority to the Advisor as the Board may, in its sole discretion, deem necessary or desirable. The term of retention of any Advisor shall not exceed one (1) year, although there is no limit to the number of times that a particular Advisor may be retained. The Advisor or its Affiliates have made an initial investment of $200,000 in the Company. The Advisor or any such Affiliate may not sell this initial investment while the Advisor remains a Sponsor but may transfer the initial investment to other Affiliates.

 

SECTION 8.2 SUPERVISION OF ADVISOR. The Board shall evaluate the performance of the Advisor before entering into or renewing an Advisory Agreement, and the criteria used in such evaluation shall be reflected in the minutes of the meetings of the Board. The Board may exercise broad discretion in allowing the Advisor to administer and regulate the operations of the Company, to act as agent for the Company, to execute documents on behalf of the Company and to make executive decisions that conform to general policies and principles established by the Board. The Board shall monitor the Advisor to assure that the administrative procedures, operations and programs of the Company are in the best interests of the Stockholders and are fulfilled. The Independent Directors are responsible for reviewing the fees and expenses of the Company at least annually or with sufficient frequency to determine that the expenses incurred are reasonable in light of the investment performance of the Company, its Net Assets, its Net Income and the fees and expenses of other comparable unaffiliated REITs. Each such determination shall be reflected in the minutes of the meetings of the Board. In addition, from time to time, but not less often than annually, a majority of the Independent Directors and a majority of Directors not otherwise interested in the transaction must approve each transaction with the Advisor or its Affiliates. The Independent Directors also will be responsible for reviewing, from time to time and at least annually, the performance of the Advisor and determining that compensation to be paid to the Advisor is reasonable in relation to the nature and quality of services performed and the investment performance of the Company and that the provisions of the Advisory Agreement are being carried out. Specifically, the Independent Directors will consider factors such as (i) the amount of the fee paid to the Advisor in relation to the size, composition and performance of the Assets, (ii) the success of the Advisor in generating opportunities that meet the investment objectives of the Company, (iii) rates charged to other REITs and to investors other than REITs by advisors performing the same or similar services, (iv) additional revenues realized by the Advisor and its Affiliates through their relationship with the Company, including loan administration, underwriting or broker commissions, servicing, engineering, inspection and other fees, whether paid by the Company or by others with whom the Company does business, (v) the quality and extent of service and advice furnished by the Advisor, (vi) the performance of the Assets, including income, conservation or appreciation of capital, frequency of problem investments and competence in dealing with distress situations, and (vii) the quality of the Assets relative to the investments generated by the Advisor for its own account. The Independent Directors may also consider all other factors that it deems relevant, and the findings of the Independent Directors on each of the factors considered shall be recorded in the minutes of the Board. The Board shall determine whether any successor Advisor possesses sufficient qualifications to perform the advisory function for the Company and whether the compensation provided for in its contract with the Company is justified.

 

SECTION 8.3 FIDUCIARY OBLIGATIONS. The Advisor shall have a fiduciary responsibility and duty to the Company and to the Stockholders.

 

SECTION 8.4 AFFILIATION AND FUNCTIONS. The Board, by resolution or in the Bylaws, may provide guidelines, provisions or requirements concerning the affiliation and functions of the Advisor.

 

SECTION 8.5 TERMINATION. Either a majority of the Independent Directors or the Advisor may terminate the Advisory Agreement on sixty (60) days’ written notice without cause or penalty, and, in such event, the Advisor will cooperate with the Company and the Board in making an orderly transition of the advisory function.

 

SECTION 8.6 DISPOSITION FEE ON SALE OF PROPERTY. The Company may pay the Advisor a real estate disposition fee upon Sale of one or more Properties, in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) one-half (1/2) of the brokerage commission paid, or (ii) three percent (3%) of the sales price of such Property or

 

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Properties. Payment of such fee may be made only if the Advisor provides a substantial amount of services in connection with the Sale of a Property or Properties, as determined by a majority of the Independent Directors. In addition, the amount paid when added to all other real estate commissions paid to unaffiliated parties in connection with such Sale shall not exceed the lesser of the Competitive Real Estate Commission or an amount equal to 6% of the sales price of such Property or Properties.

 

SECTION 8.7 INCENTIVE FEES. The Company may pay the Advisor an interest in the gain from the Sale of Assets, for which full consideration is not paid in cash or property of equivalent value, provided the amount or percentage of such interest is reasonable. Such an interest in gain from the Sale of Assets shall be considered presumptively reasonable if it does not exceed 15% of the balance of such net proceeds remaining after payment to Stockholders, in the aggregate, of an amount equal to 100% of the Invested Capital, plus an amount equal to 6% of the original issue price of Shares per annum cumulative. The original issue price may be reduced by the portion of any Distribution that is attributable to Net Sales Proceeds. In the case of multiple Advisors, such Advisor and any of their Affiliates shall be allowed such fees provided such fees are distributed by a proportional method reasonably designed to reflect the value added to the Company assets by each respective Advisor or any Affiliate.

 

SECTION 8.8 ORGANIZATION AND OFFERING EXPENSES LIMITATION. The Company shall reimburse the Advisor and its Affiliates for Organization and Offering Expenses incurred by the Advisor or its Affiliates up to 10% of the Gross Proceeds of all offerings; provided, however, that the total amount of all Organization and Offering Expenses shall be reasonable and shall in no event exceed 15% of the Gross Proceeds of each Offering.

 

SECTION 8.9 ACQUISITION FEES. The Company may pay the Advisor and its Affiliates fees for the review and evaluation of potential investments in Assets; provided, however, that the total of all Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses be reasonable, and shall not exceed an amount equal to 6% of the Contract Purchase Price, or, in the case of a Mortgage, 6% of the funds advanced; provided, however, that a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction may approve fees and expenses in excess of this limit if they determine the transaction to be commercially competitive, fair and reasonable to the Company

 

SECTION 8.10 ASSET MANAGEMENT FEE. The Company may pay the Advisor and its Affiliates quarterly fees for the Advisor’s management of the Company’s Assets; provided, however, that the total of all such asset management fees shall not exceed 0.1375% of the average, at the end of each calendar month during the calendar quarter in respect of which such asset management fee is being calculated, of the aggregate book value of the Company’s Assets invested in equity interests and loans secured by real estate, before reserves for depreciation or bad debt or other similar non-cash reserves.

 

SECTION 8.11 TERMINATION OF ADVISOR. If the Advisory Agreement is terminated, the special general partnership interests will be converted into cash equal to the aggregate amount of cash contributed by Lightstone SLP, LLC for the special general partnership interests.

 

SECTION 8.12 REIMBURSEMENT FOR TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES. The Company may reimburse the Advisor, at the end of each fiscal quarter, for Total Operating Expenses incurred by the Advisor; provided, however, that the Company shall not reimburse the Advisor at the end of any fiscal quarter for Total Operating Expenses that, in the four consecutive fiscal quarters then ended, exceed the greater of 2% of Average Invested Assets or 25% of Net Income (the “ 2%/25% Guidelines ”) for such year. The Independent Directors shall have the responsibility of limiting Total Operating Expenses to amounts that do not exceed the 2%/25% Guidelines unless they have made a finding that, based on such unusual and non-recurring factors that they deem sufficient, a higher level of expenses (an “Excess Amount”) is justified. Within 60 days after the end of any fiscal quarter of the Company for which there is an Excess Amount there shall be sent to the Stockholders a written

 

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disclosure of such fact, together with, if the Independent Directors determine that the Excess Amount is justified, an explanation of the factors the Independent Directors considered in determining that such Excess Amount was justified. Any such finding and the reasons in support thereof shall be reflected in the minutes of the meetings of the Board. In the event that the Independent Directors do not determine that excess expenses are justified, the Advisor, within 60 days after the end of such fiscal quarter, shall reimburse the Company the amount by which the expenses exceeded the 2%/25% Guidelines.

 

SECTION 8.13 REIMBURSEMENT LIMITATION. The Company shall not reimburse the Advisor or its Affiliates for services for which the Advisor or its Affiliates are entitled to compensation in the form of a separate fee.

 

SECTION 8.14 LIMITATIONS ON COMPENSATION. In no event will the Acquisition Fees, Acquisition Expenses and Asset Management Fee paid to the Advisor, plus the subordinated payments payable by the Operating Partnership to the Sponsor (“Program Structure”) exceed the sum of (i) an amount equal to 6 percent of the gross Contract Purchase Price of all Properties acquired by the Company; (ii) an amount determined annually (“Asset Management Amount”) equal in the aggregate to the greater of 2 percent of the Average Invested Assets or 25 percent of the Net Income of the Company after reducing such Asset Management Amount by those Total Operating Expenses as defined in the Guidelines that exclude the asset management amount; (iii) an amount equal to the Disposition Fees, if any, but not to exceed 3 percent of the contract sales price of all Properties sold by the Company; and (iv) an amount equal to 15 percent of the Net Sales Proceeds, if any, remaining after the payment to the shareholders in the aggregate of an amount equal to 100 percent of the original issue price of their Shares plus an amount equal to 6 percent of the original issue price of the Company’s Shares per annum, cumulative (“Guideline Structure”).

 

For purposes of determining compliance with this undertaking, the comparison between the Program Structure and the Guideline Structure shall be determined on an annual basis at the end of each fiscal year of the Company (“Comparison Date”). To the extent that at the Comparison Date the Program Structure amount exceeds the Guideline Structure amount, the Sponsor shall return such excess to the shareholders within 30 days after the Comparison Date.

 

ARTICLE IX

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND LIMITATIONS

 

SECTION 9.1 REVIEW OF OBJECTIVES. The Independent Directors shall review the investment policies of the Company with sufficient frequency (not less often than annually) to determine that the policies being followed by the Company are in the best interests of its Stockholders. Each such determination and the basis therefor shall be set forth in the minutes of the meetings of the Board.

 

SECTION 9.2 CERTAIN PERMITTED INVESTMENTS.

 

(i) The Company may invest in Assets, as defined in Article IV hereof.

 

(ii) The Company may invest in Joint Ventures with the Sponsor, Advisor, one or more Directors or any of their Affiliates, only if a majority of Directors (including a majority of Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction, approve such investment as being fair and reasonable to the Company and on substantially the same terms and conditions as those received by the other joint venturers.

 

(iii) Subject to any limitations in Section 9.3, the Company may invest in equity securities only if a majority of Directors (including a majority of Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction approve such investment as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable.

 

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SECTION 9.3 INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS. In addition to other investment restrictions imposed by the Board from time to time, consistent with the Company’s objective of qualifying as a REIT, the following shall apply to the Company’s investments:

 

(i) Not more than 10% of the Company’s total assets shall be invested in Unimproved Real Property or mortgage loans on Unimproved Real Property.

 

(ii) The Company shall not invest in commodities or commodity future contracts. This limitation is not intended to apply to futures contracts, when used solely for hedging purposes in connection with the Company’s ordinary business of investing in real estate assets and mortgages.

 

(iii) Except for Mortgages insured or guaranteed by a government or government agency, the Company shall not invest in or make any Mortgage unless an appraisal is obtained concerning the underlying property. Mortgage indebtedness on any property shall not exceed the appraised value of the property. In cases in which a majority of Independent Directors so determine, and in all cases in which the transaction is with the Advisor, Sponsor, or any Affiliates thereof, such appraisal of the underlying property must be obtained from an Independent Appraiser. Such appraisal shall be maintained in the Company’s records for at least five (5) years and shall be available for inspection and duplication by any Stockholder. In addition to the appraisal, a mortgagee’s or owner’s title insurance policy or commitment as to the priority of the mortgage or condition of the title must be obtained.

 

(iv) The Company shall not make or invest in any Mortgage, including a construction loan, on any one property if the aggregate amount of all mortgage loans outstanding on the property, including the loans of the Company, would exceed an amount equal to 85% of the appraised value of the property as determined by appraisal unless substantial justification exists because of the presence of other underwriting criteria and the loans would not exceed the appraised value of the property. For purposes of this subsection, the “aggregate amount of all mortgage loans outstanding on the property, including the loans of the Company” shall include all interest (excluding contingent participation in income and/or appreciation in value of the mortgaged property), the current payment of which may be deferred pursuant to the terms of such loans, to the extent that deferred interest on each loan exceeds five percent per annum of the principal balance of the loan.

 

(v) The Company shall not invest in indebtedness secured by a mortgage on real property which is subordinate to any mortgage or equity interest of the Advisor, the Sponsor or their Affiliates.

 

(vi) The Company shall not issue (A) equity Securities redeemable solely at the option of the holder (except that Stockholders may offer their Common Shares to the Company pursuant to any redemption plan adopted by the Board on terms outlined in the Prospectus relating to any Offering, as such plan is thereafter amended in accordance with its terms); (B) debt Securities unless the historical debt service coverage (in the most recently completed fiscal year) as adjusted for known changes is sufficient to properly service that higher level of debt; (C) equity Securities on a deferred payment basis or under similar arrangements; or (D) options or warrants to purchase Shares to the Advisor, Directors, Sponsor or any Affiliate thereof except on at least the same terms as Shares are sold to the general public. Options or warrants may be issued to persons other than the Advisor, Directors, Sponsor or any Affiliate thereof, but not at exercise prices less than the fair market value of the underlying Securities on the date of grant and not for consideration (which may include services) that in the judgment of the Independent Directors has a market value less than the value of such option or warrant on the date of grant. Options or warrants issuable to the Advisor, Directors, Sponsor or any Affiliate thereof shall not exceed ten percent of the outstanding Shares on the date of grant. The voting rights per share of Shares of the Company (other than the publicly held Shares of the Company) sold in a private offering shall not exceed the voting rights which bear the same relationship to the voting rights of the publicly held Shares as the consideration paid to the Company for each privately offered Share of the Company bears to the book value of each outstanding publicly held Share.

 

(vii) A majority of the Directors shall authorize the consideration to be paid for each Asset, ordinarily based on the fair market value of the Asset. If a majority of the Independent Directors determines, or if the Asset is acquired from the Advisor, a Director, the Sponsor or their Affiliates, such fair market value shall be determined

 

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by a qualified Independent Appraiser selected by the Independent Directors. The Advisor may purchase an Asset on behalf of the Company without seeking the prior written consent of the Board if and to the extent that:

 

(a) The aggregate purchase price of such Asset is less than $15,000,000;

 

(b) The acquisition of such Asset would not, if consummated, violate or conflict with the investment guidelines of the Company as set forth in the Company’s Prospectus as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission;

 

(c) The acquisition of such Asset would not, if consummated, violate the limitations on Leverage contained in Section 9.3(viii) below; and

 

(d) The consideration to be paid for such Asset does not exceed the fair market value of such Asset, as determined by a qualified independent real estate appraiser selected in good faith by the Advisor and acceptable to the Independent Directors.

 

(viii) The aggregate Leverage of the Company shall be reasonable in relation to the Net Assets of the Company and shall be reviewed by the Board at least quarterly. Subject to the immediately following sentence, the maximum amount of such Leverage shall not exceed seventy-five percent (75%) of the aggregate fair market value of the Company’s assets as of the date of any borrowing, provided, that Leverage on any individual Asset may exceed such limit. Any excess in borrowing over such 75% level shall be approved by a majority of the Independent Directors and disclosed to Stockholders in the next quarterly report of the Company, along with justification for such excess.

 

(ix) The Company will continually review its investment activity to attempt to ensure that it is not classified as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

 

(x) The Company will not make any investment that the Company believes will be inconsistent with its objectives of qualifying and remaining qualified as a REIT unless and until the Board determines, in its sole discretion, that REIT qualification is not in the best interests of the Company.

 

(xi) The Company shall not invest in real estate contracts of sale unless such contracts are in recordable form and appropriately recorded in the chain of title.

 

(xii) The Company will not, directly or indirectly, including through any subsidiary, extend or maintain credit, arrange for the extension of credit, or renew an extension of credit, in the form of a personal loan to or for any of the Company’s directors or executive officers.

 

(xiii) The Company will not invest in any equity securities unless a majority of disinterested directors, including a majority of disinterested independent directors, approves the transaction as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable. Investments in entities affiliated with the Advisor, the Sponsor, any director, or any of their Affiliates shall be subject to the restrictions on joint venture investments set forth in Section 9.2(ii) of the charter.

 

(xiv) The Company shall not engage in any short sale.

 

(xv) The consideration for any investment by the Company in properties must be approved by a majority of the directors, including a majority of the independent directors, based on the fair market value of the properties. If determined by a majority of the independent directors, the fair market value will be determined by a qualified independent real estate appraiser selected by the independent directors. The acquisition of any property from the Sponsor, the Advisor, any director, or any of their Affiliates shall be subject to the provisions on transactions with Affiliates set forth in Section 12.6 of the Charter.

 

(xvi) The Company shall not invest in debt secured by a mortgage on real property that is subordinate to the lien of other debt, except where the total amount of all such debt, including the investment by the Company, does not exceed 90% of the appraised value of the property. The value of all such investments shall not exceed 25% of the Company’s tangible assets.

 

(xvii) The Company shall not engage in trading, as opposed to investment activities.

 

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(xviii) The Company shall not engage in underwriting activities or distribute, as agent, securities issued by others.

 

(xix) The Company shall not invest in foreign currency or bullion.

 

(xx) The aggregate amount of borrowing shall not exceed 300% of the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s net assets as of the date of the borrowing unless the excess is approved by a majority of the Independent Directors and disclosed to the stockholders in the Company’s next quarterly report to stockholders following such borrowing along with justification for such excess.

 

The Company shall not acquire securities in any entity holding investments or engaging in activities prohibited by the restrictions on investments set forth in the foregoing clauses (i) through (xix) of this Section 9.3.

 

ARTICLE X

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

SECTION 10.1 SALES AND LEASES TO COMPANY. The Company may purchase or lease an Asset or Assets from the Sponsor, the Advisor, a Director, or any Affiliate thereof only upon a finding by a majority of Directors (including a majority of Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction (i) that such transaction is fair and reasonable to the Company and (ii) that such transaction is at a price to the Company no greater than the cost of the Asset to such Sponsor, Advisor, Director or Affiliate, or, if the price to the Company is in excess of such cost, substantial justification exists for the excess and the price is no greater than appraised value, that the Affiliate has taken significant action or made an additional investment after purchase which has increased the value of the property.

 

SECTION 10.2 SALES AND LEASES TO THE SPONSOR, ADVISOR, DIRECTORS OR AFFILIATES. An Advisor, Sponsor, Director or Affiliate thereof may only purchase or lease Assets from the Company if a majority of Directors (including a majority of Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction determine that the transaction is fair and reasonable to the Company.

 

SECTION 10.3 OTHER TRANSACTIONS.

 

(i) Except pursuant to the Advisory Agreement or the Management Agreement, no goods or services will be provided by the Advisor or its Affiliates to the Company unless a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in such transaction approve such transaction as fair and reasonable to the Company and on terms and conditions not less favorable to the Company than those available from unaffiliated third parties.

 

(ii) The Company shall not make loans to the Sponsor, Advisor, or any Affiliates thereof except Mortgages pursuant to Section 9.3(iii) hereof or loans to wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company. The Sponsor, Advisor, Directors and any Affiliates thereof shall not make loans to the Company, or to joint ventures in which the Company is a co-venturer, unless approved by a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in such transaction as fair, competitive, and commercially reasonable, and no less favorable to the Company than comparable loans between unaffiliated parties.

 

SECTION 10.4 CONFLICT RESOLUTION PROCEDURES.

 

(i) Before the Advisor may take advantage of an investment opportunity for its own account or recommend it to others, the Advisor is obligated to present such opportunity to the Company if (i) such opportunity is compatible with the Company’s investment objectives and policies, (ii) such opportunity is of a character which could be taken by the Company, and (iii) the Company has the financial resources to take advantage of such opportunity. In addition, the Advisor and its Affiliates may not make any investment in industrial facilities, retail space, office buildings, or residential apartment communities where the investment objective is substantially

 

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similar to the Company’s investment objectives, nor recommend such investment opportunity to others, until such time as 75% of the Gross Proceeds have been invested or committed for investment.

 

(ii) In the event that an investment opportunity becomes available that is suitable for both the Company and a public or private entity with which the Advisor or its Affiliates are affiliated for which both entities have sufficient uninvested funds, and the requirements of Section 10.4(i) above have been satisfied, then the entity that has had the longest period of time elapse since it was offered an investment opportunity will first be offered the investment opportunity. An investment opportunity will not be considered suitable for an entity if the 2%/25% Guidelines could not be satisfied if the entity were to make the investment. In determining whether or not an investment opportunity is suitable for more than one entity, the Board and the Advisor will examine such factors, among others, as the cash requirements of each entity, the effect of the acquisition both on diversification of each entity’s investments by type of property and geographic area and on diversification of the tenants of its properties, the policy of each entity relating to leverage of properties, the anticipated cash flow of each entity, the income tax effects of the purchase to each entity, the size of the investment and the amount of funds available to each program and the length of time such funds have been available for investment. If a subsequent development, such as a delay in the closing of the acquisition of such investment or a delay in the construction of a property, causes any such investment, in the opinion of the Board and the Advisor, to be more appropriate for an entity other than the entity that committed to make the investment, the Advisor may determine that the other entity affiliated with the Advisors or its Affiliates will make the investment. It shall be the duty of the Board, including the Independent Directors, to ensure that the method used by the Advisor for the allocation of the acquisition of investments by two or more affiliated programs seeking to acquire similar types of Assets is applied fairly to the Company.

 

ARTICLE XI

 

STOCKHOLDERS

 

SECTION 11.1 MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS. There shall be an annual meeting of the Stockholders, to be held at such time and place as shall be determined by or in the manner prescribed in the Bylaws, at which the Directors shall be elected and any other proper business may be conducted. The Directors, including the Independent Directors, shall be required to take reasonable steps to insure that this requirement is met. The annual meeting will be held on a date that is a reasonable period of time following the distribution of the Company’s annual report to Stockholders but not less than thirty (30) days after delivery of such report. A majority of Stockholders present in person or by proxy at an annual meeting at which a quorum is present may, without the necessity for concurrence by the Board, vote to elect the Directors. A quorum shall be half of the then outstanding Shares. Special meetings of Stockholders may be called in the manner provided in the Bylaws, including by the president or by a majority of the Directors or a majority of the Independent Directors, and shall be called by an officer of the Company upon written request of Stockholders holding in the aggregate not less than ten percent of the outstanding Shares entitled to be voted on any issue proposed to be considered at any such special meeting. Notice of any special meeting of Stockholders shall be given as provided in the Bylaws, and the special meeting shall be held not less than 15 days nor more than 60 days after the delivery of such notice. If the meeting is called by written request of Stockholders as described in this Section 11.1, the special meeting shall be held at the time and place specified in the Stockholder request; provided, however, that if none is so specified, at such time and place convenient to the Stockholders. If there are no Directors, the officers of the Company shall promptly call a special meeting of the Stockholders entitled to vote for the election of successor Directors. Any meeting may be adjourned and reconvened as the Board may determine or as otherwise provided in the Bylaws.

 

SECTION 11.2 VOTING RIGHTS OF STOCKHOLDERS. A majority of the then outstanding Shares may, without any necessity of concurrence of the Board, vote to (i) amend the Charter, (ii) dissolve the Company and (iii) remove Directors. Pursuant to the provisions of any class or series of Shares then outstanding, the Stockholders shall be entitled to vote only on the following matters: (a) election or removal of Directors, without the necessity for concurrence by the Board, as provided in Sections 11.1, 6.4 and 6.6 hereof; (b) amendment of

 

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the Charter, as provided in Article XIII hereof; (c) dissolution or liquidation of the Company; (d) merger or consolidation of the Company or sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets; and (e) such other matters with respect to which the Board has adopted a resolution declaring that a proposed action is advisable and directing that the matter be submitted to the Stockholders for approval or ratification.

 

SECTION 11.3 EXTRAORDINARY ACTIONS. Notwithstanding any provision of law permitting or requiring any action to be taken or approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of Shares entitled to cast a greater number of votes, any such action shall be effective and valid if declared advisable by the Board and taken or approved by the affirmative vote of holders of Shares entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

 

SECTION 11.4 VOTING LIMITATIONS ON SHARES HELD BY THE ADVISOR, DIRECTORS AND AFFILIATES. With respect to Shares owned by the Advisor, any Director, or any of their Affiliates, neither the Advisor, nor such Director(s), nor any of their Affiliates may vote or consent on matters submitted to the Stockholders regarding the removal of the Advisor, such Director(s) or any of their Affiliates or any transaction between the Company and any of them. In determining the requisite percentage in interest of Shares necessary to approve a matter on which the Advisor, such Director(s) and any of their Affiliates may not vote or consent, any Shares owned by any of them shall not be included.

 

SECTION 11.5 RIGHT OF INSPECTION. Any Stockholder and any designated representative thereof shall be permitted access to all of the records of the Company at all reasonable times, and may inspect and copy any of them for a reasonable charge. Inspection of the Company books and records by the office or agency administering the securities laws of a jurisdiction shall be provided upon reasonable notice and during normal business hours.

 

SECTION 11.4 ACCESS TO STOCKHOLDER LIST. An alphabetical list of the names, addresses and telephone numbers of the Stockholders of the Company, along with the number of Shares held by each of them (the “Stockholder List”), shall be maintained as part of the books and records of the Company and shall be available for inspection by any Stockholder or the Stockholder’s designated agent at the home office of the Company upon the request of the Stockholder. The Stockholder List shall be updated at least quarterly to reflect changes in the information contained therein. A copy of such list shall be mailed to any Stockholder so requesting within ten days of receipt by the Company of the request. The copy of the Stockholder List shall be printed in alphabetical order, on white paper, and in a readily readable type size (in no event smaller than 10-point type). The Company may impose a reasonable charge for expenses incurred in reproduction pursuant to the Stockholder request. A Stockholder may request a copy of the Stockholder List in connection with matters relating to Stockholders’ voting rights, and the exercise of Stockholder rights under federal proxy laws.

 

If the Advisor or the Board neglects or refuses to exhibit, produce or mail a copy of the Stockholder List as requested, the Advisor and/or the Board, as the case may be, shall be liable to any Stockholder requesting the list for the costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, incurred by that Stockholder for compelling the production of the Stockholder List, and for actual damages suffered by any Stockholder by reason of such refusal or neglect. It shall be a defense that the actual purpose and reason for the requests for inspection or for a copy of the Stockholder List is to secure such list of Stockholders or other information for the purpose of selling such list or copies thereof, or of using the same for a commercial purpose other than in the interest of the applicant as a Stockholder relative to the affairs of the Company. The Company may require the Stockholder requesting the Stockholder List to represent that the list is not requested for a commercial purpose unrelated to the Stockholder’s interest in the Company. The remedies provided hereunder to Stockholders requesting copies of the Stockholder List are in addition, to and shall not in any way limit, other remedies available to Stockholders under federal law, or the laws of any state.

 

SECTION 11.5 REPORTS. The Directors, including the Independent Directors, shall take reasonable steps to insure that the Company shall cause to be prepared and mailed or delivered to each Stockholder as of a record

 

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date after the end of the fiscal year and each holder of other publicly held Securities within one hundred twenty (120) days after the end of the fiscal year to which it relates an annual report for each fiscal year ending after the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering that shall include: (i) financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles which are audited and reported on by independent certified public accountants; (ii) the ratio of the costs of raising capital during the period to the capital raised; (iii) the aggregate amount of advisory fees and the aggregate amount of other fees paid to the Advisor and any Affiliate of the Advisor by the Company and including fees or charges paid to the Advisor and any Affiliate of the Advisor by third parties doing business with the Company; (iv) the Total Operating Expenses of the Company, stated as a percentage of Average Invested Assets and as a percentage of its Net Income; (v) a report from the Independent Directors that the policies being followed by the Company are in the best interests of its Stockholders and the basis for such determination; and (vi) separately stated, full disclosure of all material terms, factors and circumstances surrounding any and all transactions involving the Company, Directors, Advisors, Sponsors and any Affiliate thereof occurring in the year for which the annual report is made, and the Independent Directors shall be specifically charged with a duty to examine and comment in the report on the fairness of such transactions.

 

ARTICLE XII

 

LIABILITY OF STOCKHOLDERS, DIRECTORS, ADVISORS AND AFFILIATES;

TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN AFFILIATES AND THE COMPANY

 

SECTION 12.1 LIMITATION OF STOCKHOLDER LIABILITY. No Stockholder shall be liable for any debt, claim, demand, judgment or obligation of any kind of, against or with respect to the Company by reason of his being a Stockholder, nor shall any Stockholder be subject to any personal liability whatsoever, in tort, contract or otherwise, to any Person in connection with the Company’s assets or the affairs of the Company by reason of being a Stockholder.

 

SECTION 12.2 LIMITATION OF DIRECTOR AND OFFICER LIABILITY. To the maximum extent that Maryland law in effect from time to time permits limitation of the liability of directors and officers of a corporation, no director or officer of the Company shall be liable to the Company or its Stockholders for money damages. Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Section 12.2, nor the adoption or amendment of any other provision of the Charter or Bylaws inconsistent with this Section 12.2, shall apply to or affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding sentence with respect to any act or failure to act which occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.

 

SECTION 12.3 INDEMNIFICATION.

 

Subject to the provisions of subparagraphs (a) (b) and (c) below), the Company shall indemnify, and pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (i) any individual who is a present or former director or officer of the Company, (ii) any individual who, while a director or officer of the Company and at the request of the Company, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner, or trustee of another corporation, real investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise, and (iii) the Advisor and its officers, directors and Affiliates, (such persons and the Advisor and its officers, directors and Affiliates being referred to herein as the “Indemnitee”) from and against any claim or liability to which the Indemnitee may become subject or which the Indemnitee may incur by reason of his, her or its service in such capacities. The Company may, with the approval of the Board, provide such indemnification and advance for expenses to a person who served a predecessor of the Company in any of the capacities described in (a) or (b) above and to any employee or agent of the Company or a predecessor of the Company or Lightstone Value Plus REIT LLC.

 

(a) The Company shall not indemnify Indemnitees for any liability loss suffered by the Indemnitees, nor shall it hold harmless for any loss or liability suffered by the Company, any Indemnitee, unless all of the following conditions are met: (i) the Indemnitees determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct which

 

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caused the loss or liability was in the best interests of the Company, (ii) the Indemnitee were acting on behalf of the Company or performing services for the Company, (iii) such liability or loss or expense was not the result of negligence or misconduct on the part of Indemnitees, excluding independent Advisors, Affiliates or Independent Directors, and the liability, loss or expense was not the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct by Independent Directors and (iv) such indemnification or agreement to hold harmless shall be recoverable only out of the net assets of the Company and not from Stockholders.

 

(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in subsection (a), the Company shall not indemnify Indemnitees or any persons acting as a broker-dealer for any losses, liabilities or expenses arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws by such party unless one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations as to the particular Indemnitee, (ii) such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the particular Indemnitee or (iii) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against a particular Indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and related costs should be made, and the court considering the matter has been advised of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the published position of any state securities regulatory authority as to indemnification for violations of securities law.

 

(c) The Company will advance amounts to Indemnitees for legal expenses and other costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which indemnification is being sought is permissible only if all of the following conditions are satisfied: (i) the legal action relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on behalf of the Company, (ii) the legal action is initiated by a third party who is not a Stockholder or is initiated by a Stockholder acting in his or her capacity as such and a court of competent jurisdiction specifically approves the advancement and (iii) the Indemnitees undertake in writing to repay the advanced funds to the Company, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, in cases in which such Indemnitees are found not to be entitled to indemnification.

 

(d) The Company may purchase and maintain insurance or provide similar protection on behalf of any director, officer, employee, agent or the Advisor, or any of his, her or its Affiliates, against any claim or liability asserted or incurred by reason of or arising out of such status; provided, however, that the Company shall not incur the cost of any liability insurance which insures any person against any claim or liability for which he, she or it could not be indemnified under the charter of the Company.

 

(e) The Board may take such action as is necessary to carry out this Section 12.3 and is expressly empowered to adopt, approve and amend from time to time Bylaws, resolutions or contracts implementing such provisions. No amendment of the Charter or repeal of any of its provisions shall limit or eliminate the right of indemnification provided hereunder with respect to acts or omissions occurring prior to such amendment or repeal.

 

SECTION 12.4 PAYMENT OF EXPENSES. Subject to the provisions of Section 12.3(c) of this Article XII, the Company shall pay or reimburse reasonable legal expenses and other costs incurred by an Indemnitee in advance of final disposition of a proceeding upon receipt by the Company of (i) a written affirmation by the Indemnitee of his, her or its good faith belief that the Indemnitee has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification as authorized by Section 2-418 of the MGCL and (ii) a written undertaking by or on behalf of the Indemnitee to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the Company if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct has not been met. Any indemnification payment or reimbursement of expenses will be furnished in accordance with the procedures in Section 2-418(e) of the MGCL or any successor statute.

 

SECTION 12.5 EXPRESS EXCULPATORY CLAUSES IN INSTRUMENTS. Neither the Stockholders nor the Directors, officers, employees or agents of the Company shall be liable under any written instrument creating an obligation of the Company by reason of their being Stockholders, Directors, officers, employees or agents of the Company, and all Persons shall look solely to the Company’s assets for the payment of any claim under or for the performance of that instrument. The omission of the foregoing exculpatory language from any instrument shall not affect the validity or enforceability of such instrument and shall not render any Stockholder,

 

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Director, officer, employee or agent liable thereunder to any third party, nor shall the Directors or any officer, employee or agent of the Company be liable to anyone as a result of such omission.

 

SECTION 12.6 TRANSACTIONS WITH AFFILIATES. Subject to the provisions of Article X of this Charter, the Company shall not engage in transactions with the Advisor, the Sponsor, a Director or any of their Affiliates, except to the extent that each such transaction has, after disclosure of such affiliation, been approved or ratified by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not Affiliated with the Person who is party to the transaction as being fair and reasonable to the Company.

 

ARTICLE XIII

 

AMENDMENTS

 

The Company reserves the right from time to time to make any amendment to its Charter, now or hereafter authorized by law, including any amendment altering the terms or contract rights, as expressly set forth in the Charter, of any outstanding Shares. All rights and powers conferred by the Charter on Stockholders, Directors and officers are granted subject to this reservation. Any amendment to the Charter shall be valid only if approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter, including, without limitation, (i) any amendment which would adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of the Stockholders and (ii) any amendment to Sections 6.2, 6.5 and 6.6 of Article VI, Article IX, Article X, Article XII, Article XIV, Article XV and this Article XIII (or any other amendment of the Charter that would have the effect of amending such provisions).

 

ARTICLE XIV

 

ROLL-UP TRANSACTIONS

 

(i) In connection with any proposed Roll-Up Transaction, an appraisal of all of the Company’s assets shall be obtained from a competent Independent Appraiser substantially engaged in the business of rendering valuation opinions of assets of the kind held by the Company. The Company’s assets shall be appraised on a consistent basis, and the appraisal shall be based on the evaluation of all relevant information and shall indicate the value of the assets as of a date immediately prior to the announcement of the proposed Roll-Up Transaction. The appraisal shall assume an orderly liquidation of the assets over a 12-month period. The terms of the engagement of the Independent Appraiser shall clearly state that the engagement is for the benefit of the Company and the Stockholders. A summary of the appraisal, indicating all material assumptions underlying the appraisal, shall be included in a report to Stockholders in connection with a proposed Roll-Up Transaction. If the appraisal is included in a prospectus used to offer the securities of a Roll-Up Entity, the appraisal shall be filed with the Securities Exchange Commission and applicable state securities regulatory authorities as an exhibit to the registration statement for the offering. In connection with a proposed Roll-Up Transaction, the person sponsoring the Roll-Up Transaction shall offer to Stockholders who vote against the proposed Roll-Up Transaction the choice of:

 

(a) accepting the securities of a Roll-Up Entity offered in the proposed Roll-Up Transaction; or

 

(b) one of the following:

 

(I) remaining as Stockholders of the Company and preserving their interests therein on the same terms and conditions as existed previously; or

 

(II) receiving cash in an amount equal to the Stockholder’s pro rata share of the appraised value of the net assets of the Company.

 

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(ii) The Company is prohibited from participating in any proposed Roll-Up Transaction:

 

(a) that would result in the Stockholders having voting rights in a Roll-Up Entity that are less than the rights provided for in Sections 11 and 12.1 hereof;

 

(b) that includes provisions that would operate as a material impediment to, or frustration of, the accumulation of Shares by any purchaser of the securities of the Roll-Up Entity (except to the minimum extent necessary to preserve the tax status of the Roll-Up Entity), or which would limit the ability of an investor to exercise the voting rights of its securities of the Roll-Up Entity on the basis of the number of Shares held by that investor;

 

(c) in which investor’s rights to access of records of the Roll-Up Entity will be less than those described in Sections 11.5 and 11.6 hereof;

 

(d) which would result in the stockholders having rights which are more restrictive than those provide in the charter, including any restriction on the frequency of meetings,

 

(e) which would result in the stockholders having greater liability than provided in the Charter,

 

(f) which would result in the stockholders having fewer rights to receive reports than provided in the charter, or

 

(g) in which any of the costs of the Roll-Up Transaction would be borne by the Company if the Roll-Up Transaction is not approved by the Stockholders.

 

ARTICLE XV

 

DURATION

 

In the event that Listing does not occur on or before the tenth anniversary of the Termination of the Initial Public Offering, then the Board must either (a) adopt a resolution that sets forth a proposed amendment to the Charter extending or eliminating this deadline (the “Extension Amendment”), declaring that the Extension Amendment is advisable and directing that the proposed Extension Amendment be submitted for consideration at either an annual or special meeting of the Stockholders, or (b) adopt a resolution that declares that a proposed liquidation and dissolution is advisable on substantially the terms and conditions set forth in, or referred to, in the resolution (the “Plan of Liquidation”), and directs that the proposed Plan of Liquidation be submitted for consideration at either an annual or special meeting of the Stockholders. If the Board seeks the Extension Amendment as described above and the Stockholders do not approve such amendment, then the Board shall seek the Plan of Liquidation as described above. If the Stockholders do not then approve the Plan of Liquidation, the Company shall continue its business. If the Board of Directors seeks the Plan of Liquidation as described above and the Stockholders do not approve such resolution, then the Board shall seek the Extension Amendment as described above. If the Stockholders do not then approve the Extension Amendment, the Company shall continue its business. In the event that Listing occurs on or before the tenth anniversary of the Termination of the Initial Public Offering, the Company shall continue perpetually unless dissolved pursuant to any applicable provision of the MGCL.

 

THIRD: In accordance with Section 2-603(c) of the MGCL, the amendment to and restatement of the Charter as hereinabove set forth have been duly approved by the Board of Directors of the Company as required by law.

 

FOURTH: The current address of the principal office of the Company is as set forth in Article III of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the Charter.

 

FIFTH: The name and address of the Company’s current resident agent are as set forth in Article III of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the Charter.

 

32


SIXTH: The number of directors of the Company and the names of the Directors currently in office are as set forth in Section 6.1 of Article VI of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the Charter.

 

SEVENTH: The total number of Shares of stock which the Company had authority to issue immediately prior to this amendment and restatement was 1,000 Shares all of one class, $0.01 par value per share. The aggregate par value of all Shares of stock having par value was $10. The total number of Shares of stock which the Company has authority to issue pursuant to the foregoing amendment and restatement of the Charter is 70,000,000, consisting of 60,000,000 Common Shares, $0.01 par value per share, and 10,000,000 Preferred Shares, $0.01 par value per share. The aggregate par value of all authorized Shares of stock having par value is $700,000.

 

EIGHTH: The undersigned Chief Executive Officer acknowledges these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be the corporate act of the Company and, as to all matters or facts required to be verified under oath, the undersigned Chief Executive Officer acknowledges that, to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, these matters and facts are true in all material respects and that this statement is made under the penalties for perjury.

 

[SIGNATURES ON FOLLOWING PAGE]

 

33


 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. has caused these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its Chief Executive Officer, and attested by its Secretary, on this 11th day of May , 2005.

 

ATTEST:        
By:   / S /    B RUNO DE V INCK       By:   / S /    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN
   

Secretary

Bruno de Vinck

         

Chief Executive Officer

David Lichtenstein

 

34

Exhibit 4.1

 

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED

 

AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

 

OF

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REIT LP


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page

ARTICLE 1 DEFINED TERMS

   1

ARTICLE 2 ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS

   11

            2.1  

   Formation    11

2.2  

   Name    11

2.3  

   Registered Office and Agent; Principal Office    12

2.4  

   Power of Attorney    12

2.5  

   Term    13

ARTICLE 3 PURPOSE

   13

3.1  

   Purpose and Business    13

3.2  

   Powers    14

ARTICLE 4 CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS

   14

4.1  

   Capital Contributions of the Partners    14

4.2  

   Additional Funds; Restrictions on the General Partner    15

4.3  

   Issuance of Additional Partnership Interests; Admission of Additional Limited Partners    16

4.4  

   Contribution of Proceeds of Issuance of REIT Stock    16

4.5  

   Repurchase of REIT Stock; Shares-In-Trust    17

4.6  

   No Third-Party Beneficiary    17

4.7  

   No Interest; No Return    17

4.8  

   No Preemptive Rights    18

ARTICLE 5 DISTRIBUTIONS

   18

5.1  

   Regular Distributions    18

5.2  

   Qualification as a REIT    19

5.3  

   Withholding    19

5.4  

   Additional Partnership Interests    19

5.5  

   Distributions Upon Liquidation    19

ARTICLE 6 ALLOCATIONS

   19

6.1  

   Allocations    19

6.2  

   Revisions to Allocations to Reflect Issuance of Partnership Interests    19

ARTICLE 7 MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS OF BUSINESS

   20

7.1  

   Management    20

7.2  

   Certificate of Limited Partnership    23

7.3  

   Reimbursement of the General Partner    23

7.4  

   Outside Activities of the General Partner    24

7.5  

   Contracts with Affiliates    24

7.6  

   Indemnification    25

7.7  

   Liability of the General Partner    27

7.8  

   Other Matters Concerning the General Partner    27

7.9  

   Title to Partnership Assets    28

7.10

   Reliance by Third Parties    28

7.11

   Loans By Third Parties.    29

ARTICLE 8 RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF LIMITED PARTNERS

   29

8.1  

   Limitation of Liability    29

8.2  

   Management of Business    29

8.3  

   Outside Activities of Limited Partners    29

8.4  

   Return of Capital    30

8.5  

   Rights of Limited Partners Relating to the Partnership    30

8.6  

   Exchange Rights Agreements    30

ARTICLE 9 BOOKS, RECORDS, ACCOUNTING AND REPORTS

   31

            9.1  

   Records and Accounting    31

9.2  

   Fiscal Year    31

9.3  

   Reports    31

 

i


          Page

ARTICLE 10 TAX MATTERS

   32

10.1  

   Preparation of Tax Returns    32

10.2  

   Tax Elections    32

10.3  

   Tax Matters Partner    32

10.4  

   Organizational Expenses    33

10.5  

   Withholding    33

ARTICLE 11 TRANSFERS AND WITHDRAWALS

   34

11.1  

   Transfer    34

11.2  

   Transfer of the General Partner’s General Partner Interest    35

11.3  

   Limited Partners’ Rights to Transfer    36

11.4  

   Substituted Limited Partners    37

11.5  

   Substituted Special General Partner     

11.6  

   Assignees    38

11.7  

   General Provisions    38

ARTICLE 12 ADMISSION OF PARTNERS

   40

12.1  

   Admission of Successor General Partner    40

12.2  

   Admission of Additional Limited Partners    40

12.3  

   Amendment of Agreement and Certificate of Limited Partnership    41

ARTICLE 13 DISSOLUTION, LIQUIDATION AND TERMINATION

   41

13.1  

   Dissolution    41

13.2  

   Winding Up    42

13.3  

   Return of Special General Partner Capital Contributions     

13.4  

   No Obligation to Contribute Deficit    44

13.5  

   Rights of Limited Partners    44

13.6  

   Notice of Dissolution    44

13.7  

   Termination of Partnership and Cancellation of Certificate of Limited Partnership    44

13.8  

   Reasonable Time for Winding-Up    45

13.9  

   Waiver of Partition    45

ARTICLE 14 AMENDMENT OF PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT; MEETINGS

   45

14.1  

   Amendments    45

14.2  

   Meetings of the Partners    46

ARTICLE 15 GENERAL PROVISIONS

   47

15.1  

   Addresses and Notice    47

15.2  

   Titles and Captions    47

15.3  

   Pronouns and Plurals    47

15.4  

   Further Action    47

15.5  

   Binding Effect    47

15.6  

   Creditors    47

15.7  

   Waiver    47

15.8  

   Counterparts    47

15.9  

   Applicable Law    48

15.10

   Invalidity of Provisions    48

15.11

   Entire Agreement    48

15.12

   Merger    48

15.13

   No Rights as Stockholders    48

EXHIBITS

         

Exhibit A -

   Partners’ Contributions and Partnership Interests     

Exhibit B -

  

Allocations

    

Exhibit C -

   Exchange Rights Agreement for Partnership Units     

Exhibit D -

   Certificate of Limited Partnership     

 

ii


FOR ALL INVESTORS:

 

THE PARTNERSHIP UNITS ISSUED UNDER THIS AGREEMENT HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), OR REGISTERED OR QUALIFIED UNDER THE APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS, IN RELIANCE UPON EXEMPTIONS FROM REGISTRATION AND QUALIFICATION PROVIDED IN THE SECURITIES ACT AND THE APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS, AND MAY NOT BE SOLD OR TRANSFERRED IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT AND QUALIFICATION OR REGISTRATION UNDER THE APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS, OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE ISSUER THAT SUCH REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION IS NOT REQUIRED.

 

IN ADDITION, THE PARTNERSHIP UNITS ISSUED UNDER THIS AGREEMENT MAY BE SOLD OR TRANSFERRED ONLY IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER SET FORTH HEREIN.

 

IN MAKING AN INVESTMENT DECISION INVESTORS MUST RELY ON THEIR OWN EXAMINATION OF THE COMPANY AND THE TERMS OF THIS OFFERING, INCLUDING THE MERITS AND RISKS INVOLVED. THE PARTNERSHIP UNITS OFFERED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN RECOMMENDED BY ANY FEDERAL OR STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION OR REGULATORY AUTHORITY. FURTHERMORE, THE FOREGOING AUTHORITIES HAVE NOT CONFIRMED THE ACCURACY OR DETERMINED THE ADEQUACY OF THIS MEMORANDUM. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.

 

THE PARTNERSHIP UNITS OFFERED HEREBY ARE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFERABILITY AND RESALE AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED OR RESOLD EXCEPT AS PERMITTED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND THE APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS, PURSUANT TO REGISTRATION OR EXEMPTION THEREFROM. INVESTORS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT THEY WILL BE REQUIRED TO BEAR THE FINANCIAL RISKS OF THIS INVESTMENT FOR AN INDEFINITE PERIOD OF TIME.

 

FOR NEW YORK INVESTORS:

 

THIS AGREEMENT HAS NOT BEEN REVIEWED BY THE ATTORNEY GENERAL PRIOR TO ITS ISSUANCE AND USE. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK HAS NOT PASSED ON OR ENDORSED THE MERITS OF THIS OFFERING. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS UNLAWFUL.

 

THIS AGREEMENT DOES NOT CONTAIN AN UNTRUE STATEMENT OF A MATERIAL FACT OR OMIT TO STATE A MATERIAL FACT NECESSARY TO MAKE THE STATEMENTS MADE, IN LIGHT OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH THEY ARE MADE, NOT MISLEADING. STATEMENTS CONTAINED HEREIN AS TO THE CONTENTS OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNING THIS INVESTMENT ARE SUMMARIES AND ARE NOT COMPLETE COPIES OF THE DOCUMENTS, AND, ACCORDINGLY, REFERENCE SHOULD BE MADE TO THE DOCUMENTS THEMSELVES FOR A MORE COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING OF THE INVESTMENT. HOWEVER, THIS PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT CONTAINS A FAIR SUMMARY OF THE MATERIAL TERMS OF DOCUMENTS PURPORTED TO BE SUMMARIZED HEREIN.

 

FOR FLORIDA INVESTORS:

 

THE PARTNERSHIP UNITS OFFERED HEREBY WILL BE SOLD TO, AND ACQUIRED BY, THE PURCHASER IN A TRANSACTION EXEMPT UNDER SECTION 517.061(11) OF THE FLORIDA SECURITIES AND INVESTOR PROTECTION ACT. THAT SECTION PROVIDES THAT WHEN SALES ARE MADE TO FIVE OR MORE PERSONS, ANY SALE MADE PURSUANT TO SUCH SECTION IS VOIDABLE AT THE OPTION OF THE PURCHASER WITHIN THREE (3) DAYS AFTER THE FIRST TENDER OF CONSIDERATION IS MADE BY SUCH PURCHASER TO THE ISSUER, AN AGENT OF THE ISSUER, OR AN ESCROW AGENT OR WITHIN THREE (3) DAYS AFTER THE AVAILABILITY OF THAT PRIVILEGE IS COMMUNICATED TO SUCH PURCHASER, WHICHEVER OCCURS LATER.

 

iii


FORM OF AMENDED AND RESTATED

AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

OF

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REIT LP

 

THIS AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP OF LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REIT LP (this “ Agreement ”), dated as of April 22, 2005, is entered into by and among LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC., a Maryland corporation, as general partner (the “ General Partner ”), LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REIT LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as limited Partner (the “ Initial Limited Partner ”) and, LIGHTSTONE SLP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as special general partner (the “ Special General Partner ”), and the Limited Partners party hereto from time to time.

 

WHEREAS, the General Partner, the Limited Partner and the Special General Partner have formed Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP (the “ Partnership ”) as a limited partnership pursuant to the Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act of the State of Delaware and have filed a certificate of limited partnership with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware;

 

WHEREAS, the General Partner, the Limited Partner and the Special General Partner desire to amend and restate the Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Partnership as set forth herein;

 

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants herein contained, and other valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties do hereby agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE 1

 

DEFINED TERMS

 

The following definitions shall be for all purposes, unless otherwise clearly indicated to the contrary, applied to the terms used in this Agreement.

 

“Act” means the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act, as amended from time to time, and any successor to such statute.

 

“Additional General Partner” means a Person that has executed and delivered an additional general partner signature page in the form attached hereto, has been admitted to the Partnership as a General Partner pursuant to Section 4.3 hereof and that is shown as such on the books and records of the Partnership.

 

“Adjusted Capital Account Deficit” means with respect to any Partner, the negative balance, if any, in such Partner’s Capital Account as of the end of any relevant fiscal year, determined after giving effect to the following adjustments:

 

(a) credit to such Capital Account any portion of such negative balance which such Partner (i) is treated as obligated to restore to the Partnership pursuant to the provisions of Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(c) of the Regulations, or (ii) is deemed to be obligated to restore to the Partnership pursuant to the penultimate sentences of Sections 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i)(5) of the Regulations; and

 

(b) debit to such Capital Account the items described in Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) and (6) of the Regulations.

 

“Adjusted Contribution” means the Capital Contributions of any Partner reduced by the total distributions to such Partner from Capital Events. With respect to the General Partner, the Adjusted Contribution shall include the difference, if any, between gross proceeds from the future issuance of REIT Stock, if any, and the proceeds actually received by the General Partner.

 

Advisory Agreement ” means the Advisory Agreement among the Partnership and the General Partner, as advisees, and the Initial General Partner, as advisor.


Affiliate ” means,

 

(a) with respect to any individual Person, any member of the Immediate Family of such Person or a trust established for the benefit of such member, or

 

(b) with respect to any Entity, any Person which, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, any such Entity. For purposes of this definition, “control,” when used with respect to a any Person, means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise, and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing.

 

“Agreement” means this Agreement of Limited Partnership, as originally executed and as amended, modified, supplemented or restated from time to time, as the context requires.

 

“Articles of Incorporation” means the General Partner’s Articles of Incorporation, filed with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation, or other organizational document governing the General Partner, as amended, modified, supplemented or restated from time to time.

 

“Assignee” means a Person to whom one or more Partnership Units have been transferred in a manner permitted under this Agreement, but who has not become a Substituted Limited Partner, and who has the rights set forth in Section 11.5.

 

“Available Cash” means, with respect to the applicable period of measurement (i.e., any period beginning on the first day of the fiscal year, quarter or other period commencing immediately after the last day of the fiscal year, quarter or other applicable period for purposes of the prior calculation of Available Cash for or with respect to which a distribution has been made, and ending on the last day of the fiscal year, quarter or other applicable period immediately preceding the date of the calculation), the excess, if any, as of such date, of

 

(a) the gross cash receipts of the Partnership for such period from all sources whatsoever, including, without limitation, the following:

 

(i) all rents, revenues, income and proceeds derived by the Partnership from its operations, including, without limitation, distributions received by the Partnership from any Entity in which the Partnership has an interest;

 

(ii) all proceeds and revenues received by the Partnership on account of any sales of any Partnership property or as a refinancing of or payment of principal, interest, costs, fees, penalties or otherwise on account of any borrowings or loans made by the Partnership or financings or refinancings of any property of the Partnership;

 

(iii) the amount of any insurance proceeds and condemnation awards received by the Partnership;

 

(iv) all capital contributions and loans received by the Partnership from its Partners;

 

(v) all cash amounts previously reserved by the Partnership, to the extent such amounts are no longer needed for the specific purposes for which such amounts were reserved; and

 

(vi) the proceeds of liquidation of the Partnership’s property in accordance with this Agreement;

 

over

 

(b) the sum of the following:

 

(i) all operating costs and expenses, including taxes and other expenses of the properties directly and indirectly held by the Partnership and capital expenditures made during such period (without deduction, however, for any capital expenditures, charges for Depreciation or other expenses not paid in cash or expenditures from reserves described in (viii) below);

 

2


(ii) all costs and expenses expended or paid during such period in connection with the sale or other disposition, or financing or refinancing, of the property directly or indirectly held by the Partnership or the recovery of insurance or condemnation proceeds;

 

(iii) all fees provided for under this Agreement;

 

(iv) all debt service, including principal and interest, paid during such period on all indebtedness (including under any line of credit) of the Partnership;

 

(v) all capital contributions, advances, reimbursements, loans or similar payments made to any Person in which the Partnership has an interest;

 

(vi) all loans made by the Partnership in accordance with the terms of this Agreement;

 

(vii) all reimbursements to the General Partner or its Affiliates during such period; and

 

(viii) the amount of any new reserve or increase in reserves established during such period which the General Partner determines is necessary or appropriate in its sole and absolute discretion.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, Available Cash shall not include any cash received or reductions in reserves, or take into account any disbursements made or reserves established, after commencement of the dissolution and liquidation of the Partnership.

 

Business Combination ” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.1(a)(iii)(C).

 

“Capital Account” means with respect to any Partner, the Capital Account maintained for such Partner in accordance with the following provisions:

 

(a) to each Partner’s Capital Account there shall be credited

 

(i) such Partner’s Capital Contributions;

 

(ii) such Partner’s distributive share of Net Income and any items in the nature of income or gain which are specially allocated to such Partner pursuant to Paragraphs 1 and 2 of Exhibit B and

 

(iii) the amount of any Partnership liabilities assumed by such Partner or which are secured by any asset distributed to such Partner;

 

(b) to each Partner’s Capital Account there shall be debited

 

(i) the amount of cash and the Gross Asset Value of any property distributed to such Partner pursuant to any provision of this Agreement,

 

(ii) such Partner’s distributive share of Net Losses and any items in the nature of expenses or losses which are specially allocated to such Partner pursuant to Paragraphs 1 and 2 of Exhibit B and

 

(iii) the amount of any liabilities of such Partner assumed by the Partnership or which are secured by any asset contributed by such Partner to the Partnership; and

 

(c) in the event all or a portion of a Partnership Interest is transferred in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the transferee shall succeed to the Capital Account of the transferor to the extent it relates to the transferred Partnership Interest.

 

The foregoing provisions and the other provisions of this Agreement relating to the maintenance of Capital Accounts are intended to comply with Sections 1.704-1(b) and 1.704-2 of the Regulations, and shall be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with such Regulations. In the event the General Partner shall reasonably determine that it is prudent to modify the manner in which the Capital Accounts, or any debits or credits thereto (including, without limitation, debits or credits relating to liabilities which are secured by contributed or distributed assets or which are assumed by the Partnership, the General Partner, the Special General Partner or any Limited Partner) are computed in order to comply with such Regulations, the General Partner may make such modification;

 

3


provided that it would not cause the amounts distributable to any Partner pursuant to Article 13 hereof upon the dissolution of the Partnership to vary from the amount contemplated as set forth in Section 2(g) of Exhibit B.

 

“Capital Contribution” means, with respect to any Partner, any cash, cash equivalents or the Gross Asset Value of property which such Partner contributes or is deemed to contribute to the Partnership pursuant to Article 4 hereof.

 

“Capital Event” means any Partnership transaction not in the ordinary course of its business including, without limitation, principal payments, prepayments, the incurrence of prepayment penalties, refinancing, sales, exchanges, foreclosures, or other dispositions of property directly or indirectly owned by the Partnership and recoveries of damage awards and insurance proceeds not used to rebuild (other than the receipt of contributions to the capital of the Partnership and business or rental interruption insurance proceeds not used to rebuild).

 

“Certificate” means the Certificate of Limited Partnership relating to the Partnership to be filed in the form of Exhibit D hereto as soon as practicable after the date hereof in the office of the Delaware Secretary of State, as amended from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof and the Act.

 

Charter ” means the Articles of Incorporation of the General Partner dated as of June 30, 2004, as amended from time to time.

 

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended and in effect from time to time, as interpreted by the applicable regulations thereunder. Any reference herein to a specific section or sections of the Code shall be deemed to include a reference to any corresponding provision of future law.

 

“Common Stock” means a share of the common stock of the General Partner, $.01 par value. Common Stock may be issued in one or more classes or series in accordance with the terms of the Articles of Incorporation. If there is more than one class or series of Common Stock, the term “Common Stock” shall, as the context requires, be deemed to refer to the class or series of Common Stock that correspond to the class or series of Partnership Interests for which the reference to Common Stock is made.

 

“Common Stock Amount” has the meaning set forth in the Exchange Rights Agreements.

 

“Consent” means the consent or approval of a proposed action by a Partner given in accordance with Section 14.2 hereof.

 

“Consent of the Outside Limited Partners” means the Consent of Limited Partners (excluding for this purpose any Partnership Interests held by the General Partner and the Special General Partner, any other Person of which they own or control more than fifty percent (50%) of the voting interests and any Person directly or indirectly owning or controlling more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding voting interests of the General Partner or Special General Partner) holding Percentage Interests that are greater than fifty percent (50%) of the aggregate Percentage Interest of all Limited Partners who are not excluded for the purposes hereof.

 

“Contributed Property” means each property, partnership interest, contract right or other asset, in such form as may be permitted by the Act, contributed or deemed contributed to the Partnership by any Partner, including any interest in any successor partnership occurring as a result of a termination of the Partnership pursuant to Section 708 of Code.

 

Cumulative Non-Compound Return ” means the percentage resulting from dividing: (i) the total amount of dividends and distributions paid by the General Partner to the Stockholders or the total amount of distributions made by the Partnership to the Limited Partners or Special General Partner, as applicable, in each case reduced by distributions from the sale or financing of properties, from the Effective Date until the Distribution Date, by

 

4


(ii) the product of (a) the average adjusted investor capital for such period (calculated on a daily basis), and (b) the number of years (including the fractions thereof) elapsed from the Effective Date until the Distribution Date (based on a year of 365 days).

 

“Debt” means, as to any Person, as of any date of determination, (a) all indebtedness of such Person for borrowed money or for the deferred purchase price of property or services; (b) all amounts owed by such Person to banks or other Persons in respect of reimbursement obligations under letters of credit, surety bonds and other similar instruments guaranteeing payment or other performance of obligations by such Person; (c) all indebtedness for borrowed money or for the deferred purchase price of property or services secured by any lien on any property owned by such Person, to the extent attributable to such Person’s interest in such property, even though such Person has not assumed or become liable for the payment thereof; and (d) obligations of such Person incurred in connection with entering into a lease which, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, should be capitalized.

 

“Depreciation” means, with respect to any asset of the Partnership for any fiscal year or other period, the depreciation, depletion, amortization or other cost recovery deduction, as the case may be, allowed or allowable for federal income tax purposes in respect of such asset for such fiscal year or other period; provided, however, that except as otherwise provided in Section 1.704-2 of the Regulations, if there is a difference between the Gross Asset Value (including the Gross Asset Value, as increased pursuant to paragraph (d) of the definition of Gross Asset Value) and the adjusted tax basis of such asset at the beginning of such fiscal year or other period, Depreciation for such asset shall be an amount that bears the same ratio to the beginning Gross Asset Value of such asset as the federal income tax depreciation, depletion, amortization or other cost recovery deduction for such fiscal year or other period bears to the beginning adjusted tax basis of such asset; provided, further, that if the federal income tax depreciation, depletion, amortization or other cost recovery deduction for such asset for such fiscal year or other period is zero, Depreciation of such asset shall be determined with reference to the beginning Gross Asset Value of such asset using any reasonable method selected by the General Partner.

 

Distribution Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(b).

 

“Effective Date” means the date of first closing of the offering pursuant to the Registration Statement on Form S-11.

 

“Entity” means any general partnership, limited partnership, corporation, joint venture, trust, business trust, real estate investment trust, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, cooperative or association.

 

“ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time (or any corresponding provisions of succeeding laws).

 

“Exchange Factor” has the meaning set forth in the Exchange Rights Agreements.

 

“Exchange Right” has the meaning set forth in the Exchange Rights Agreements.

 

“Exchange Rights Agreements” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.6.

 

First Level Return ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(b)(i).

 

“GAAP” means United States generally accepted accounting principles, as in effect from time to time.

 

“General Partner” means Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and any successor as general partner of the Partnership. General Partners mean the General Partner and the Special General Partner.

 

“General Partner Interest” means a Partnership Interest held by the General Partner, in its capacity as general partner. A General Partner Interest may be expressed as a number of Partnership Units.

 

5


“Gross Asset Value” means, with respect to any asset of the Partnership, such asset’s adjusted basis for federal income tax purposes, except as follows:

 

(a) the initial Gross Asset Value of any asset contributed by a Partner to the Partnership shall be the gross fair market value of such asset, without reduction for liabilities, as determined by the contributing Partner and the Partnership on the date of contribution thereof;

 

(b) if the General Partner determines that an adjustment is necessary or appropriate to reflect the relative economic interests of the Partners, the Gross Asset Values of all Partnership assets shall be adjusted in accordance with Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f) and (g) of the Regulations to equal their respective gross fair market values, without reduction for liabilities, as reasonably determined by the General Partner, as of the following times:

 

(i) a Capital Contribution (other than a de minimis Capital Contribution) to the Partnership by a new or existing Partner as consideration for a Partnership Interest; or

 

(ii) the distribution by the Partnership to a Partner of more than a de minimis amount of Partnership assets as consideration for the repurchase of a Partnership Interest; or

 

(iii) the liquidation of the Partnership within the meaning of Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g) of the Regulations;

 

(c) the Gross Asset Values of Partnership assets distributed to any Partner shall be the gross fair market values of such assets (taking Section 7701(g) of the Code into account) without reduction for liabilities, as determined by the General Partner as of the date of distribution; and

 

(d) the Gross Asset Values of Partnership assets shall be increased (or decreased) to reflect any adjustments to the adjusted basis of such assets pursuant to Sections 734(b) or 743(b) of the Code, but only to the extent that such adjustments are taken into account in determining Capital Accounts pursuant to Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m) of the Regulations (as set forth in Exhibit B); provided, however, that Gross Asset Values shall not be adjusted pursuant to this paragraph (d) to the extent that the General Partner determines that an adjustment pursuant to paragraph (b) above is necessary or appropriate in connection with a transaction that would otherwise result in an adjustment pursuant to this paragraph (d).

 

At all times, Gross Asset Values shall be adjusted by any Depreciation taken into account with respect to the Partnership’s assets for purposes of computing Net Income and Net Loss.

 

Incapacity ” or “ Incapacitated ” means,

 

(a) as to any individual Partner, death, total physical disability or entry by a court of competent jurisdiction adjudicating him incompetent to manage his person or his estate;

 

(b) as to any corporation which is a Partner, the filing of a certificate of dissolution, or its equivalent, for the corporation or the revocation of its charter;

 

(c) as to any partnership which is a Partner, the dissolution and commencement of winding up of the partnership;

 

(d) as to any estate which is a Partner, the distribution by the fiduciary of the estate’s entire interest in the Partnership;

 

(e) as to any trustee of a trust which is a Partner, the termination of the trust (but not the substitution of a new trustee); or

 

(f) as to any Partner, the bankruptcy of such Partner, which shall be deemed to have occurred when

 

(i) the Partner commences a voluntary proceeding seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect;

 

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(ii) the Partner is adjudged as bankrupt or insolvent, or a final and nonappealable order for relief under any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law now or hereafter in effect has been entered against the Partner;

 

(iii) the Partner executes and delivers a general assignment for the benefit of the Partner’s creditors;

 

(iv) the Partner files an answer or other pleading admitting or failing to contest the material allegations of a petition filed against the Partner in any proceeding of the nature described in clause (ii) above;

 

(v) the Partner seeks, consents to or acquiesces in the appointment of a trustee, receiver or liquidator for the Partner or for all or any substantial part of the Partner’s properties;

 

(vi) any proceeding seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief of or against such Partner under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect has not been dismissed within one hundred twenty (120) days after the commencement thereof;

 

(vii) the appointment without the Partner’s consent or acquiescence of a trustee, receiver or liquidator has not been vacated or stayed within ninety (90) days of such appointment; or

 

(viii) an appointment referred to in clause (vii) which has been stayed is not vacated within ninety (90) days after the expiration of any such stay.

 

“Indemnitee” means

 

(a) any Person made a party to a proceeding by reason of its status as

 

(i) the General Partner,

 

(ii) the Special General Partner,

 

(iii) a Limited Partner,

 

(iv) an investment advisor to the General Partner,

 

(v) a trustee, director or officer of the Partnership, the General Partner, the Special General Partner or the investment advisor to the General Partner, or

 

(vi) a director, trustee, member or officer of any other Entity, each Person serving in such capacity at the request of the Partnership or the General Partner, or

 

(b) his or its liabilities, pursuant to a loan guarantee or otherwise, for any indebtedness of the Partnership or any Subsidiary of the Partnership (including, without limitation, any indebtedness which the Partnership or any Subsidiary of the Partnership has assumed or taken assets subject to); and

 

(c) such other Persons (including Affiliates of the General Partner, the Special General Partner, a Limited Partner or the Partnership) as the General Partner may designate from time to time (whether before or after the event giving rise to potential liability), in its sole and absolute discretion.

 

“Initial Limited Partner” means the Lightstone Value Plus Reit LLC.

 

“IRS” shall mean the Internal Revenue Service of the United States.

 

“Lien” means any lien, security interest, mortgage, deed of trust, charge, claim, encumbrance, pledge, option, right of first offer or first refusal and any other right or interest of others of any kind or nature, actual or contingent, or other similar encumbrance of any nature whatsoever.

 

“Limited Partner” means, prior to the admission of the first Additional Limited Partner to the Partnership, the Initial Limited Partner, and thereafter any Person named as a Limited Partner in Exhibit A, as such Exhibit

 

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may be amended from time to time, upon the execution and delivery by such Person of an additional limited partner signature page, or any Substituted Limited Partner or Additional Limited Partner, in such Person’s capacity as a Limited Partner of the Partnership.

 

“Limited Partner Interest” means a Partnership Interest of a Limited Partner in the Partnership representing a fractional part of the Partnership Interests of all Partners and includes any and all benefits to which the holder of such a Partnership Interest may be entitled, as provided in this Agreement, together with all obligations of such Person to comply with the terms and provisions of this Agreement. A Limited Partner Interest may be expressed as a number of Partnership Units.

 

“Liquidating Event” has the meaning set forth in Section 13.1 hereof.

 

“Liquidator” has the meaning set forth in Section 13.2 hereof.

 

“Net Income” or “Net Loss” means, for each fiscal year or other applicable period, an amount equal to the Partnership’s taxable income or loss for such year or period as determined for federal income tax purposes by the General Partner, determined in accordance with Section 703(a) of the Code (for this purpose, all items of income, gain, loss or deduction required to be stated separately pursuant to Section 703(a) of the Code shall be included in taxable income or loss), adjusted as follows:

 

(a) by including as an item of gross income any tax-exempt income received by the Partnership and not otherwise taken into account in computing Net Income or Net Loss;

 

(b) by treating as a deductible expense any expenditure of the Partnership described in Section 705(a)(2)(B) of the Code (or which is treated as a Section 705(a)(2)(B) expenditure pursuant to Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(i) of the Regulations) and not otherwise taken into account in computing Net Income or Net Loss, including amounts paid or incurred to organize the Partnership (unless an election is made pursuant to Section 709(b) of the Code) or to promote the sale of interests in the Partnership and by treating deductions for any losses incurred in connection with the sale or exchange of Partnership property disallowed pursuant to Section 267(a)(1) or 707(b) of the Code as expenditures described in Section 705(a)(2)(B) of the Code;

 

(c) by taking into account Depreciation in lieu of depreciation, depletion, amortization and other cost recovery deductions taken into account in computing taxable income or loss;

 

(d) by computing gain or loss resulting from any disposition of Partnership property with respect to which gain or loss is recognized for federal income tax purposes by reference to the Gross Asset Value of such property rather than its adjusted tax basis;

 

(e) in the event of an adjustment of the Gross Asset Value of any Partnership asset which requires that the Capital Accounts of the Partnership be adjusted pursuant to Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(e), (f) and (g) of the Regulations, by taking into account the amount of such adjustment as if such adjustment represented additional Net Income or Net Loss pursuant to Exhibit B; and

 

(f) by not taking into account in computing Net Income or Net Loss items separately allocated to the Partners pursuant to Paragraphs 1 and 2 of Exhibit B.

 

“Net Investment” means (i) as it relates to the Stockholders, the original issue price paid by such stockholders for the purchase of Common Stock; (ii) as it relates to the Limited Partners the total amount of Capital Contributions; and (iii) as it relates to the Special General Partner the Special General Partner Capital Contributions; in each case reduced by distributions from the sale or financing of properties.

 

“Nonrecourse Deductions” has the meaning set forth in Sections 1.704-2(b)(1) and 1.704-2(c) of the Regulations.

 

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“Nonrecourse Liabilities” has the meaning set forth in Section 1.704-2(b)(3) of the Regulations.

 

Offering Expenses ” means all of the costs and expenses of the offering of the Common Stock (including organizational expenses, dealer manager fees and selling commissions relating thereto), paid by the Special General Partner on behalf of the General Partner.

 

“Outside Limited Partners” has the meaning set forth in “Consent of the Outside Limited Partners.”

 

“Partner” means the General Partner, the Special General Partner or a Limited Partner, and “Partners” means the General Partner, the Special General Partner and the Limited Partners collectively.

 

“Partner Minimum Gain” means an amount, with respect to each Partner Nonrecourse Debt, equal to the Partnership Minimum Gain that would result if such Partner Nonrecourse Debt were treated as a Nonrecourse Liability, determined in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(3).

 

“Partner Nonrecourse Debt” has the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(4).

 

“Partner Nonrecourse Deductions” has the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(2), and the amount of Partner Nonrecourse Deductions with respect to a Partner Nonrecourse Debt for a Partnership taxable year shall be determined in accordance with the rules of Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(2).

 

“Partnership” means the limited partnership formed under the Act and pursuant to this Agreement, and any successor thereto.

 

“Partnership Interest” means an ownership interest in the Partnership representing a Capital Contribution by either a Limited Partner, the Special General Partner or the General Partner and includes any and all benefits to which the holder of such a Partnership Interest may be entitled as provided in this Agreement, together with all obligations of such Person to comply with the terms and provisions of this Agreement. A Partnership Interest may be expressed as a number of Partnership Units.

 

“Partnership Minimum Gain” has the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(2), and the amount of Partnership Minimum Gain, as well as any net increase or decrease in a Partnership Minimum Gain, for a Partnership taxable year shall be determined in accordance with the rules of Regulations Section 1.704-2(d).

 

“Partnership Record Date” means the record date established by the General Partner for the distribution of Available Cash pursuant to Section 5.1 hereof, which record date shall be the same as the record date established by the General Partner for a distribution to its stockholders of some or all of its portion of such distribution.

 

“Partnership Unit” means a fractional, undivided share of the Partnership Interests of all Partners issued pursuant to Sections 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 and includes any classes or series of Partnership Units established after the date hereof. The number of Partnership Units outstanding and the Percentage Interests in the Partnership represented by such Partnership Units are set forth in Exhibit A, as such Exhibit may be amended from time to time. The ownership of Partnership Units shall be evidenced by such form of certificate for Partnership Units as the General Partner adopts from time to time unless the General Partner determines that the Partnership Units shall be uncertificated securities.

 

“Partnership Year” means the fiscal year of the Partnership, as set forth in Section 9.2 hereof.

 

“Percentage Interest” means, as to a Partner, the fractional part of the Partnership Interests owned by such Partner and expressed as a percentage as specified in Exhibit A, as such Exhibit may be amended from time to time. The Special General Partner Interest shall not be considered in the computation of the Partners’ Percentage Interest.

 

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“Permitted Partners” has the meaning set forth in subparagraph 1(b) of Exhibit B.

 

“Permitted Transferee” means any person to whom Partnership Units are Transferred in accordance with Section 11.3 of this Agreement.

 

“Person” means an individual or Entity.

 

“Precontribution Gain” has the meaning set forth in subparagraph 3(c) of Exhibit B.

 

“Quarter” means each of the three-month periods ending on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31.

 

“Registration Statement” means the Registration Statement on Form S-11 to be filed by the General Partner with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and any amendments at any time made thereto.

 

“Regulations” means the final, temporary or proposed Income Tax Regulations promulgated under the Code, as such regulations may be amended from time to time (including corresponding provisions of succeeding regulations).

 

“REIT” means a real estate investment trust as defined in Section 856 of the Code.

 

“REIT Requirements” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.2.

 

“REIT Stock” has the meaning set forth in the Exchange Rights Agreement.

 

“REIT Stock Amount” has the meaning set forth in the Exchange Rights Agreement.

 

“Restricted Partner” has the meaning set forth in Section 1(b) of Exhibit B.

 

Second Level Return ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(b)(iii).

 

SLP Distribution ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(b)(ii).

 

“Special General Partner” means, Lightstone SLP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

 

“Special General Partner Capital Contributions” means all Capital Contributions made by the Special General Partner through purchase of Special Partnership Units from time to time.

 

“Special General Partner Interest” means a Partnership Interest of the Special General Partner in the Partnership and includes any and all benefits to which the Special General Partner may be entitled, as provided in this Agreement, together with all obligations of the Special General Partner to comply with the terms and provisions of this Agreement. A Special General Partner Interest may be expressed as a number of Partnership Units.

 

Special Partnership Unit s” means the Partnership Units issued to the Special General Partner pursuant to Section 4.1(b).

 

Stockholder ” means a holder of Common Stock.

 

“Stock Option Plans” means, collectively, any and all plans adopted from time to time by the General Partner pursuant to which REIT Stock is issued, or options to acquire REIT Stock are granted, to employees or directors of the General Partner, employees of the Partnership or employees of their respective Affiliates in consideration for services or future services.

 

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“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity of which a majority of

 

(a) the voting power of the voting equity securities; and/or

 

(b) the outstanding equity interests (whether or not voting), is owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person.

 

“Substituted Limited Partner” means a Person who is admitted as a Limited Partner to the Partnership pursuant to Section 11.4 hereof.

 

“Substituted Special General Partner” means a Person who is admitted as a Special General Partner to the Partnership pursuant to Section 11.5 hereof.

 

“Tax Items” has the meaning set forth in Exhibit B.

 

“Terminating Capital Transaction” means any sale or other disposition (other than a deemed disposition pursuant to Section 708(b)(1)(B) and the regulations thereunder) of all or substantially all of the assets of the Partnership or a related series of transactions that, taken together, result in the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Partnership.

 

“Transfer” as a noun, means any sale, assignment, conveyance, pledge, hypothecation, gift, encumbrance or other transfer, and as a verb, means to sell, assign, convey, pledge, hypothecate, give, encumber or otherwise transfer.

 

Certain additional terms and phrases have the meanings set forth in Exhibit B.

 

ARTICLE 2

 

ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS

 

2.1 Formation

 

The General Partner, the Initial Limited Partner and the Special General Partner are hereby authorized to form the Partnership by filing the Certificate as soon as practicable after the date hereof in the office of the Delaware Secretary of State. The Partnership is a limited partnership organized pursuant to the provision of the Act and upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement. Except as expressly provided herein to the contrary, the rights and obligations of the Partners and the administration and termination of the Partnership shall be governed by the Act. The Partnership Interest of each Partner shall be personal property for all purposes.

 

2.2 Name

 

The name of the Partnership is Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP. The Partnership’s business may be conducted under any other name or names deemed advisable by the General Partner, including the name of the General Partner or any Affiliate thereof. The words “Limited Partnership,” “L.P.,” “Ltd.” or similar words or letters shall be included in the Partnership’s name where necessary for the purposes of complying with the laws of any jurisdiction that so requires. The General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion may change the name of the Partnership and shall notify the Limited Partners of such change in the next regular communication to the Limited Partners.

 

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2.3 Registered Office and Agent; Principal Office

 

The address of the registered office of the Partnership in the State of Delaware and the name and address of the registered agent for service of process on the Partnership in the State of Delaware is the Corporation Service Company, 2711 Centerville Road Suite 400, Wilmington, Delaware 19808. The principal office of the Partnership shall be 326 Third Street, Lakewood, New Jersey 08701, or such other place as the General Partner may from time to time designate by notice to the Limited Partners. The Partnership may maintain offices at such other place or places within or outside the State of Delaware as the General Partner deems advisable.

 

2.4 Power of Attorney

 

(a) Each Limited Partner, Special General Partner and each Assignee who accepts Partnership Units (or any rights, benefits or privileges associated therewith) is deemed to irrevocably constitute and appoint the General Partner, any Liquidator, and authorized officers and attorneys-in-fact of each, and each of those acting singly, in each case with full power of substitution, as its true and lawful agent and attorney-in-fact, with full power and authority in its name, place and stead to:

 

(i) execute, swear to, acknowledge, deliver, file and record in the appropriate public offices

 

(A) all certificates, documents and other instruments (including, without limitation, this Agreement and the Certificate and all amendments or restatements thereof) that the General Partner or the Liquidator deems appropriate or necessary to form, qualify or continue the existence or qualification of the Partnership as a limited partnership (or a partnership in which the Limited Partners have limited liability) in the State of Delaware and in all other jurisdictions in which the Partnership may or plans to conduct business or own property, including, without limitation, any documents necessary or advisable to convey any Contributed Property to the Partnership;

 

(B) all instruments that the General Partner or any Liquidator deems appropriate or necessary to reflect any amendment, change, modification or restatement of this Agreement in accordance with its terms;

 

(C) all conveyances and other instruments or documents that the General Partner or any Liquidator deems appropriate or necessary to reflect the dissolution and liquidation of the Partnership pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, including, without limitation, a certificate of cancellation;

 

(D) all instruments relating to the admission, withdrawal, removal or substitution of any Partner pursuant to, or other events described in, Article 11, 12 or 13 hereof or the Capital Contribution of any Partner;

 

(E) all certificates, documents and other instruments relating to the determination of the rights, preferences and privileges of Partnership Interest; and

 

(F) amendments to this Agreement as provided in Article 14 hereof; and

 

(ii) execute, swear to, seal, acknowledge and file all ballots, consents, approvals, waivers, certificates and other instruments appropriate or necessary, in the sole and absolute discretion of the General Partner or any Liquidator, to make, evidence, give, confirm or ratify any vote, consent, approval, agreement or other action which is made or given by the Partners hereunder or is consistent with the terms of this Agreement or appropriate or necessary, in the sole discretion of the General Partner or any Liquidator, to effectuate the terms or intent of this Agreement.

 

Nothing contained herein shall be construed as authorizing the General Partner or any Liquidator to amend this Agreement except in accordance with Article 14 hereof or as may be otherwise expressly provided for in this Agreement.

 

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(b) (i) The foregoing power of attorney is hereby declared to be irrevocable and a power coupled with an interest, in recognition of the fact that each of the Partners will be relying upon the power of the General Partner and any Liquidator to act as contemplated by this Agreement in any filing or other action by it on behalf of the Partnership, and it shall survive and not be affected by the subsequent Incapacity of any Limited Partner, Special General Partner or Assignee and the Transfer of all or any portion of such Limited Partner’s, Special General Partner’s or Assignee’s Partnership Units and shall extend to such Limited Partner’s, Special General Partner’s or Assignee’s heirs, successors, assigns and personal representatives.

 

(ii) Each such Limited Partner, Special General Partner or Assignee hereby agrees to be bound by any representation made by the General Partner or any Liquidator, acting in good faith pursuant to such power of attorney, and each such Limited Partner, Special General Partner or Assignee hereby waives any and all defenses which may be available to contest, negate or disaffirm the action of the General Partner or any Liquidator, taken in good faith under such power of attorney.

 

(iii) Each Limited Partner, Special General Partner or Assignee shall execute and deliver to the General Partner or the Liquidator, within fifteen (15) days after receipt of the General Partner’s or Liquidator’s request therefor, such further designation, powers of attorney and other instruments as the General Partner or the Liquidator, as the case may be, deems necessary to effectuate this Agreement and the purposes of the Partnership.

 

2.5 Term

 

The term of the Partnership shall commence on the date hereof and shall continue until December 31, 2099, unless the Partnership is dissolved sooner pursuant to the provisions of Article 13 or as otherwise provided by law.

 

ARTICLE 3

 

PURPOSE

 

3.1 Purpose and Business

 

(a) The purpose and nature of the business to be conducted by the Partnership is to conduct any business that may be lawfully conducted by a limited partnership organized pursuant to the Act including, without limitation, to engage in the following activities:

 

(i) to acquire, hold, own, develop, construct, improve, maintain, operate, sell, lease, transfer, encumber, convey, exchange, and otherwise dispose of or deal with the properties described in the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement;

 

(ii) to acquire, hold, own, develop, construct, improve, maintain, operate, sell, lease, transfer, encumber, convey, exchange, and otherwise dispose of or deal with real and personal property of all kinds;

 

(iii) to enter into any partnership, joint venture, corporation, limited liability company, trust or other similar arrangement to engage in any of the foregoing;

 

(iv) to undertake such other activities as may be necessary, advisable, desirable or convenient to the business of the Partnership; and

 

(v) to engage in such other ancillary activities as shall be necessary or desirable to effectuate the foregoing purposes;

 

provided, however, that such business shall be limited to and conducted in such a manner as to permit the General Partner at all times to be classified as a REIT, unless the General Partner determines not to qualify as a REIT or ceases to qualify as a REIT for any reason not related to the business conducted by the Partnership.

 

(b) The Partnership shall have all powers necessary or desirable to accomplish the purposes enumerated.

 

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3.2 Powers

 

(a) The Partnership is empowered to do any and all acts and things necessary, appropriate, proper, advisable, incidental to or convenient for the furtherance and accomplishment of the purposes and business described herein and for the protection and benefit of the Partnership including, without limitation, full power and authority to enter into, perform, and carry out contracts of any kind, to borrow money and to issue evidences of indebtedness, whether or not secured by mortgage, trust deed, pledge or other Lien, and, directly or indirectly, to acquire, own, improve, develop and construct real property, and lease, sell, transfer and dispose of real property; provided, that the Partnership shall not take, or refrain from taking, any action which, in the judgment of the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion,

 

(i) could adversely affect the ability of the General Partner to continue to qualify as a REIT, unless the General Partner otherwise ceases to qualify as a REIT;

 

(ii) could subject the General Partner to any additional taxes under Section 857 or Section 4981 of the Code; or

 

(iii) could violate any law or regulation of any governmental body or agency having jurisdiction over the General Partner or its securities, unless such action (or inaction) shall have been specifically consented to by the General Partner in writing.

 

(b) The General Partner also is empowered to do any and all acts and things necessary, appropriate or advisable to ensure that the Partnership will not be classified as a “publicly traded partnership” for the purposes of Section 7704 of the Code, including but not limited to imposing restrictions on exchanges of Partnership Units.

 

ARTICLE 4

 

CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS

 

4.1 Capital Contributions of the Partners

 

(a) The General Partner and Initial Limited Partner have made or shall make at the Effective Date, if applicable, the Capital Contributions as set forth in Exhibit A to this Agreement.

 

(b) The Special General Partner shall make, at each closing of the offering, the appropriate portion of Special General Partner Capital Contributions required to be made pursuant to the agreement among the Partnership, the Special General Partner and David Lichtenstein, dated April 1, 2005. In consideration thereof, the Partnership will issue, concurrently herewith, Special Partnership Units to the Special General Partner.

 

(c) To the extent the Partnership acquires any property by the merger of any other Person into the Partnership or the contribution of assets by any other Person, Persons who receive Partnership Interests in exchange for their interests in the Person merging into or contributing assets to the Partnership shall become Partners and shall be deemed to have made Capital Contributions as provided in the applicable merger agreement or contribution agreement and as set forth in Exhibit A, as amended to reflect such deemed Capital Contributions.

 

(d) Each Partner shall own Partnership Units in the amounts set forth for such Partner in Exhibit A and shall have a Percentage Interest in the Partnership as set forth in Exhibit A, which Percentage Interest shall be adjusted in Exhibit A from time to time by the General Partner to the extent necessary to reflect accurately exchanges, additional Capital Contributions, the issuance of additional Partnership Units or similar events having an effect on any Partner’s Percentage Interest.

 

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(e) The General Partner shall adjust the amount of the Special General Partner Contributions in Exhibit A to reflect all Offering Expenses paid by the Special General Partner from time to time. The Special General Partner shall provide the General Partner with evidence of payment of Offering Expenses as such expenses are incurred.

 

(f) The number of Partnership Units held by the General Partner, in its capacity as general partner, shall be deemed to be the General Partner Interest.

 

(g) Except as provided in Sections 4.2 and 10.5, the Partners shall have no obligation to make any additional Capital Contributions or provide any additional funding to the Partnership (whether in the form of loans, repayments of loans or otherwise) and no Partner shall have any obligation to restore any deficit that may exist in its Capital Account, either upon a liquidation of the Partnership or otherwise.

 

4.2 Additional Funds; Restrictions on the General Partner

 

(a)    (i) The sums of money required to finance the business and affairs of the Partnership shall be derived from the initial Capital Contributions made to the Partnership by the Partners as set forth in Section 4.1 and from funds generated from the operation and business of the Partnership, including, without limitation, rents and distributions directly or indirectly received by the Partnership from any Subsidiary.

 

(ii) In the event additional financing is needed from sources other than as set forth in Section 4.2(a)(i) for any reason, the General Partner may, in its sole and absolute discretion, in such amounts and at such times as it solely shall determine to be necessary or appropriate,

 

(A) cause the Partnership to issue additional Partnership Interests and admit additional Limited Partners to the Partnership in accordance with Section 4.3;

 

(B) make additional Capital Contributions to the Partnership (subject to the provisions of Section 4.2(b));

 

(C) cause the Partnership to borrow money, enter into loan arrangements, issue debt securities, obtain letters of credit or otherwise borrow money on a secured or unsecured basis;

 

(D) make a loan or loans to the Partnership (subject to Section 4.2(b)); or

 

(E) sell any assets or properties directly or indirectly owned by the Partnership.

 

(iii) In no event shall the Special General Partner or any Limited Partners be required to make any additional Capital Contributions or any loan to, or otherwise provide any financial accommodation for the benefit of, the Partnership.

 

(b) The General Partner shall not issue any debt securities, any preferred stock or any common stock (including additional REIT Stock (other than (i) as payment of the REIT Stock Amount or (ii) in connection with the conversion or exchange of securities of the General Partner solely in conversion or exchange for other securities of the General Partner)) or rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities containing the right to subscribe for or purchase any of the foregoing (collectively, “ Securities ”), other than to all holders of REIT Stock, unless the General Partner shall

 

(i) in the case of debt securities, lend to the Partnership the proceeds of or consideration received for such Securities on the same terms and conditions, including interest rate and repayment schedule, as shall be applicable with respect to or incurred in connection with the issuance of such Securities and the proceeds of, or consideration received from, any subsequent exercise, exchange or conversion thereof (if applicable);

 

(ii) in the case of equity Securities senior or junior to the REIT Stock as to dividends and distributions on liquidation, contribute to the Partnership the proceeds of or consideration (including any property or other non-cash assets) received for such Securities and the proceeds of, or consideration received from, any subsequent exercise, exchange or conversion thereof (if applicable),

 

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and receive from the Partnership, interests in the Partnership in consideration therefor with the same terms and conditions, including dividend, dividend priority and liquidation preference, as are applicable to such Securities; and

 

(iii) in the case of REIT Stock or other equity Securities on a parity with the REIT Stock as to dividends and distributions on liquidation, (including, without limitation, REIT Stock or other Securities issued as a stock award or upon exercise of options issued under the Stock Option Plans), contribute to the Partnership the proceeds of or consideration (including any property or other non-cash assets, including services) received for such Securities and the proceeds of, or consideration received from, any subsequent exercise, exchange or conversion thereof (if applicable), and receive from the Partnership a number of additional Partnership Units in consideration therefor equal to the product of

 

(A) the number of shares of REIT Stock or other equity Securities issued by the General Partner, multiplied by

 

(B) a fraction the numerator of which is one and the denominator of which is the Exchange Factor in effect on the date of such contribution.

 

4.3 Issuance of Additional Partnership Interests; Admission of Additional Limited Partners

 

(a) In addition to any Partnership Interests issuable by the Partnership pursuant to Section 4.2, the General Partner is authorized to cause the Partnership to issue additional Partnership Interests (or options therefor) in the form of Partnership Units or other Partnership Interests in one or more series or classes, or in one or more series of any such class senior or junior to the Partnership Units to any Persons at any time or from time to time, on such terms and conditions, as the General Partner shall establish in each case in its sole and absolute discretion subject to Delaware law, including, without limitation, (i) the allocations of items of Partnership income, gain, loss, deduction and credit to each class or series of Partnership Interests, (ii) the right of each class or series of Partnership Interests to share in Partnership distributions, and (iii) the rights of each class or series of Partnership Interest upon dissolution and liquidation of the Partnership; provided, that , no such Partnership Interests shall be issued to the General Partner unless either (a) the Partnership Interests are issued in connection with the grant, award, or issuance of REIT Stock or other equity interests in the General Partner having designations, preferences and other rights such that the economic interests attributable to such REIT Stock or other equity interests are substantially similar to the designations, preferences and other rights (except voting rights) of the Partnership Interests issued to the General Partner in accordance with this Section 4.3(a) or (b) the additional Partnership Interests are issued to all Partners holding Partnership Interests in the same class in proportion to their respective Percentage Interests in such class, without any approval being required from any Limited Partner or any other Person; and provided, however, that

 

(i) such issuance does not cause the Partnership to become, with respect to any employee benefit plan subject to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, a “party in interest” (as defined in Section 3(14) of ERISA) or a “disqualified person” (as defined in Section 4975(e) of the Code); and

 

(ii) such issuance would not cause any portion of the assets of the Partnership to constitute assets of any employee benefit plan pursuant to Section 2510.3-101 of the regulations of the United States Department of Labor.

 

(b) Subject to the limitations set forth in Section 4.3(a), the General Partner may take such steps as it, in its sole and absolute discretion, deems necessary or appropriate to admit any Person as a Limited Partner of the Partnership or to issue any Partnership Interests, including, without limitation, amending the Certificate, Exhibit A or any other provision of this Agreement.

 

4.4 Contribution of Proceeds of Issuance of REIT Stock

 

In connection with any offering, grant, award, or issuance of REIT Stock or securities, rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities pursuant to Section 4.2, the General Partner shall make

 

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aggregate Capital Contributions to the Partnership of the proceeds raised in connection with such offering, grant, award, or issuance, including any property issued to the General Partner pursuant to a merger or contribution agreement in exchange for Common Stock; provided, however, that if the proceeds actually received by the General Partner are less than the gross proceeds of such offering, grant, award, or issuance as a result of any underwriter’s discount, commission, or fee or other expenses paid or incurred in connection with such offering, grant, award, or issuance, then the General Partner shall be deemed to have made a Capital Contribution to the Partnership in the amount of the gross proceeds of such issuance and the Partnership shall be deemed simultaneously to have paid pursuant to Section 7.3(c) for the amount of such underwriter’s discount or other expenses.

 

4.5 Repurchase of REIT Stock; Shares-In-Trust

 

(a) In the event that the General Partner shall elect to purchase from its stockholders REIT Stock for the purpose of delivering such REIT Stock to satisfy an obligation under any distribution reinvestment program adopted by the General Partner, any employee stock purchase plan adopted by the General Partner, or any other obligation or arrangement undertaken by the General Partner in the future, the purchase price paid by the General Partner for such REIT Stock and any other expenses incurred by the General Partner in connection with such purchase shall be considered expenses of the Partnership and shall be reimbursed to the General Partner, subject to the condition that:

 

(i) if such REIT Stock subsequently is to be sold by the General Partner, the General Partner shall pay to the Partnership any proceeds received by the General Partner from the sale of such REIT Stock (provided that an exchange of REIT Stock for Partnership Units pursuant to the applicable Exchange Rights Agreement would not be considered a sale for such purposes); and

 

(ii) if such REIT Stock is not re-transferred by the General Partner within 30 days after the purchase thereof, the General Partner shall cause the Partnership to cancel a number of Partnership Units held by the General Partner (as applicable) equal to the product of

 

(x) the number of shares of such REIT Stock, multiplied by

 

(y) a fraction, the numerator of which is one and the denominator of which is the Exchange Factor in effect on the date of such cancellation.

 

(b) In the event the General Partner purchases Shares-in-Trust (as from time to time defined in the Articles of Incorporation, as may be amended from time to time), the Partnership will purchase from the General Partner a number of Partnership Units equal to the product of

 

(i) the number of Shares-in-Trust purchased by the General Partner, multiplied by

 

(ii) a fraction, the numerator of which is one and the denominator of which is the Exchange Factor in effect on the date of such purchase.

 

4.6 No Third-Party Beneficiary

 

No creditor or other third party having dealings with the Partnership shall have the right to enforce the right or obligations of any Partner to make Capital Contributions or loans or to pursue any other right or remedy hereunder or at law or in equity, it being understood and agreed that the provisions of this Agreement shall be solely for the benefit of, and may be enforced solely by, the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns.

 

4.7 No Interest; No Return

 

(a) No Partner shall be entitled to interest on its Capital Contribution or on such Partner’s Capital Account.

 

(b) Except as provided herein or by law, no Partner shall have any right to demand or receive the return of its Capital Contribution from the Partnership.

 

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4.8 No Preemptive Rights

 

Subject to any preemptive rights that may be granted pursuant to Section 4.3 hereof, no Person shall have any preemptive or other similar right with respect to

 

(a) additional Capital Contributions or loans to the Partnership; or

 

(b) issuance or sale of any Partnership Units or other Partnership Interests.

 

ARTICLE 5

 

DISTRIBUTIONS

 

5.1 Regular Distributions

 

(a) Except for distributions pursuant to Section 13.2 in connection with the dissolution and liquidation of the Partnership, and subject to the provisions of Sections 5.1(b), 5.3, 5.4, 5.5 and 12.2(c), the General Partner shall cause the Partnership to distribute, at such times as the General Partner shall determine, an amount of Available Cash, determined by the General Partner in its sole discretion to the Limited Partners and the General Partner, as of the applicable Partnership Record Date, in accordance with each such Partner’s respective Percentage Interest. This section 5.1(a) is not applicable to the Special General Partner. Distributions to the Special General Partner should be made exclusively pursuant to Section 5.1(b). In no event may any such Partner receive a distribution of Available Cash with respect to a Partnership Unit if such Partner is entitled to receive a distribution out of such Available Cash with respect to REIT Stock for which such a Partnership Unit has been exchanged.

 

(b) Except for distributions pursuant to Section 13.2 in connection with the dissolution and liquidation of the Partnership, and subject to the provisions of Sections 5.1(a), 5.3, 5.4, 5.5 and 12.2(c), the General Partner shall cause the Partnership to distribute, at such times as the General Partner shall determine (each a “ Distribution Date ”), an amount of Available Cash, determined by the General Partner in its sole discretion to the Special General Partner, the Limited Partners and General Partner, as of the applicable Partnership Record Date, in accordance with the following provisions:

 

(i) 100% of Available Cash will be distributed to the General Partner and Limited Partners in accordance with Section 5.1(a) above until the Limited Partners receive distributions from the Partnership and the Stockholders receive dividends from the General Partner in an amount equal to a Cumulative Non-Compounded Return of 7% per year on their Net Investment (“ First Level Return ”);

 

(ii) 100% of Available Cash will be distributed to the Special General Partner if at the Distribution Date, the Limited Partners and the Stockholders have received First Level Returns, until the Special General Partner receives distributions from the Partnership in an amount equal to a Cumulative Non-Compound Return of 7% per year on its Net Investment (“ SGP Distribution ”);

 

(iii) 70% of Available Cash will be distributed to the General Partner and Limited Partners in accordance with Section 5.1(a) above and 30% of Available Cash will be distributed to the Special General Partner, if at the Distribution Date (1) the Limited Partners and the Stockholders have received First Level Returns, and (2) the Special General Partner has received the SGP Distribution, until the Limited Partners receive distributions from the Partnership and Stockholders receive dividends from the General Partner in an amount equal to a Cumulative Non-Compounded return of 12% per year on their Net Investment (“ Second Level Return ”); and

 

(iv) 60% of Available Cash will be distributed to the General Partner and Limited Partners in accordance with Section 5.1(a) above and 40% of Available Cash will be distributed to the Special General Partner, if at the Distribution Date the Limited Partners and Stockholders have received Second Level Returns.

 

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5.2 Qualification as a REIT

 

The General Partner shall use its best efforts to cause the Partnership to distribute sufficient amounts under this Article 5 to enable the General Partner to pay dividends to the Stockholders that will enable the General Partner to

 

(a) satisfy the requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Code and Regulations (“REIT Requirements”), and

 

(b) avoid any federal income or excise tax liability;

 

provided, however , the General Partner shall not be bound to comply with this covenant to the extent such distributions would

 

(x) violate applicable Delaware law or

 

(y) contravene the terms of any notes, mortgages or other types of debt obligations to which the Partnership may be subject in conjunction with borrowed funds.

 

5.3 Withholding

 

With respect to any withholding tax or other similar tax liability or obligation to which the Partnership may be subject as a result of any act or status of any Partner or to which the Partnership becomes subject with respect to any Partnership Unit, the Partnership shall have the right to withhold amounts of Available Cash distributable to such Partner or with respect to such Partnership Units, to the extent of the amount of such withholding tax or other similar tax liability or obligation pursuant to the provisions contained in Section 10.5.

 

5.4 Additional Partnership Interests

 

If the Partnership issues Partnership Interests in accordance with Section 4.2 or 4.3, the distribution priorities set forth in Section 5.1 shall be amended, as necessary, to reflect the distribution priority of such Partnership Interests and corresponding amendments shall be made to the provisions of Exhibit B.

 

5.5 Distributions Upon Liquidation

 

Proceeds from a Terminating Capital Transaction and any other cash received or reductions in reserves made after commencement of the liquidation of the Partnership shall be distributed to the Partners in accordance with Section 13.2.

 

ARTICLE 6

 

ALLOCATIONS

 

6.1 Allocations

 

The Net Income, Net Loss and other Partnership items shall be allocated pursuant to the provisions of Exhibit B.

 

6.2 Revisions to Allocations to Reflect Issuance of Partnership Interests

 

If the Partnership issues Partnership Interests to the General Partner, Special General Partner or any additional Limited Partner pursuant to Article IV, the General Partner shall make such revisions to this Article 6 and Exhibit B as it deems necessary to reflect the terms of the issuance of such Partnership Interests, including making preferential allocations to classes of Partnership Interests that are entitled thereto. Such revisions shall not require the consent or approval of any other Partner.

 

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ARTICLE 7

 

MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS OF BUSINESS

 

7.1 Management

 

(a)    (i) Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, full, complete and exclusive discretion to manage and control the business and affairs of the Partnership are and shall be vested in the General Partner, and no Limited Partner shall have any right to participate in or exercise control or management power over the business and affairs of the Partnership. Except as provided, any action taken by the General Partner in connection with management of the Partnership requires the consent of the Special General Partner.

 

(ii) The General Partner may not be removed by the Special General Partner or the Limited Partners with or without cause.

 

(iii) In addition to the powers now or hereafter granted a general partner of a limited partnership under applicable law or which are granted to the General Partner under any other provision of this Agreement, the General Partner, subject to Section 7.11, shall have full power and authority to do all things deemed necessary or desirable by it to conduct the business of the Partnership, to exercise all powers set forth in Section 3.2 hereof and to effectuate the purposes set forth in Section 3.1 hereof, including, without limitation:

 

(A) (1) the making of any expenditures, the lending or borrowing of money, including, without limitation, making prepayments on loans and borrowing money to permit the Partnership to make distributions to its Partners in such amounts as will permit the General Partner (so long as the General Partner qualifies as a REIT) to avoid the payment of any federal income tax (including, for this purpose, any excise tax pursuant to Section 4981 of the Code) and to make distributions to its stockholders in amounts sufficient to permit the General Partner to maintain REIT status,

 

(2) the assumption or guarantee of, or other contracting for, indebtedness and other liabilities,

 

(3) the issuance of evidence of indebtedness (including the securing of the same by deed, mortgage, deed of trust or other lien or encumbrance on the Partnership’s assets) and

 

(4) the incurring of any obligations it deems necessary for the conduct of the activities of the Partnership, including the payment of all expenses associated with the General Partner;

 

(B) the making of tax, regulatory and other filings, or rendering of periodic or other reports to governmental or other agencies having jurisdiction over the business or assets of the Partnership or the General Partner;

 

(C) the acquisition, disposition, mortgage, pledge, encumbrance, hypothecation or exchange of all or substantially all of the assets of the Partnership (including the exercise or grant of any conversion, option, privilege, or subscription right or other right available in connection with any assets at any time held by the Partnership) or the merger, consolidation or other combination (a “ Business Combination ”) of the Partnership with or into another Entity on such terms as the General Partner deems proper, provided that the General Partner shall be required to send to the Special General Partner and each Limited Partner a notice of such proposed Business Combination no less than 15 days prior to the record date for the vote of the General Partner’s stockholders on such Business Combination, if any;

 

(D) the use of the assets of the Partnership (including, without limitation, cash on hand) for any purpose consistent with the terms of this Agreement and on any terms it sees fit, including, without limitation,

 

(1) the financing of the conduct of the operations of the General Partner, the Partnership or any of the Partnership’s Subsidiaries,

 

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(2) the lending of funds to other Persons (including, without limitation, the Subsidiaries of the Partnership and/or the General Partner) and the repayment of obligations of the Partnership and its Subsidiaries and any other Person in which it has an equity investment, and

 

(3) the making of capital contributions to its Subsidiaries;

 

(E) the expansion, development, construction, leasing, repair, alteration, demolition or improvement of any property in which the Partnership or any Subsidiary of the Partnership owns an interest;

 

(F) the negotiation, execution, and performance of any contracts, conveyances or other instruments that the General Partner considers useful or necessary to the conduct of the Partnership’s operations or the implementation of the General Partner’s powers under this Agreement, including contracting with contractors, developers, consultants, accountants, legal counsel, other professional advisors and other agents and the payment of their expenses and compensation out of the Partnership’s assets;

 

(G) the distribution of Partnership cash or other Partnership assets in accordance with this Agreement;

 

(H) holding, managing, investing and reinvesting cash and other assets of the Partnership;

 

(I) the collection and receipt of revenues and income of the Partnership;

 

(J) the establishment of one or more divisions of the Partnership, the selection and dismissal of employees of the Partnership (including, without limitation, employees having titles such as “president,” “vice president,” “secretary” and “treasurer” of the Partnership), and agents, outside attorneys, accountants, consultants and contractors of the Partnership, and the determination of their compensation and other terms of employment or engagement;

 

(K) the maintenance of such insurance for the benefit of the Partnership and the Partners and directors and officers thereof as it deems necessary or appropriate;

 

(L) the formation of, or acquisition of an interest (including non-voting interests in entities controlled by Affiliates of the Partnership or third parties) in, and the contribution of property to, any further Entities or other relationships that it deems desirable, including, without limitation, the acquisition of interests in, and the contributions of funds or property to, or making of loans to, its Subsidiaries and any other Person from time to time, or the incurrence of indebtedness on behalf of such Persons or the guarantee of the obligations of such Persons; provided that, as long as the General Partner has determined to elect to qualify as a REIT or to continue to qualify as a REIT, the Partnership may not engage in any such formation, acquisition or contribution that would cause the General Partner to fail to qualify as a REIT;

 

(M) the control of any matters affecting the rights and obligations of the Partnership, including

 

(1) the settlement, compromise, submission to arbitration or any other form of dispute resolution, or abandonment of, any claim, cause of action, liability, debt or damages, due or owing to or from the Partnership,

 

(2) the commencement or defense of suits, legal proceedings, administrative proceedings, arbitration or other forms of dispute resolution, and

 

(3) the representation of the Partnership in all suits or legal proceedings, administrative proceedings, arbitrations or other forms of dispute resolution, the incurring of legal expenses, and the indemnification of any Person against liabilities and contingencies to the extent permitted by law;

 

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(N) the undertaking of any action in connection with the Partnership’s direct or indirect investment in its Subsidiaries or any other Person (including, without limitation, the contribution or loan of funds by the Partnership to such Persons);

 

(O) the determination of the fair market value of any Partnership property distributed in kind using such reasonable method of valuation as the General Partner, in its sole discretion, may adopt;

 

(P) the exercise, directly or indirectly, through any attorney-in-fact acting under a general or limited power of attorney, of any right, including the right to vote, appurtenant to any asset or investment held by the Partnership;

 

(Q) the exercise of any of the powers of the General Partner enumerated in this Agreement on behalf of or in connection with any Subsidiary of the Partnership or any other Person in which the Partnership has a direct or indirect interest, or jointly with any such Subsidiary or other Person;

 

(R) the exercise of any of the powers of the General Partner enumerated in this Agreement on behalf of any Person in which the Partnership does not have an interest pursuant to contractual or other arrangements with such Person;

 

(S) the making, execution and delivery of any and all deeds, leases, notes, mortgages, deeds of trust, security agreements, conveyances, contracts, guarantees, warranties, indemnities, waivers, releases or legal instruments or agreements in writing necessary or appropriate, in the judgment of the General Partner, for the accomplishment of any of the foregoing;

 

(T) the issuance of additional Partnership Units in connection with Capital Contributions by Additional Limited Partners and additional Capital Contributions by Partners pursuant to Article 4 hereof;

 

(U) the opening of bank accounts on behalf of, and in the name of, the Partnership and its Subsidiaries; and

 

(V) the amendment and restatement of Exhibit A to reflect accurately at all times the Capital Contributions and Percentage Interests of the Partners as the same are adjusted from time to time to the extent necessary to reflect redemptions, Capital Contributions, the issuance of Partnership Units, the admission of any Additional Limited Partner or any Substituted Limited Partner or otherwise, which amendment and restatement, notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, shall not be deemed an amendment of this Agreement, as long as the matter or event being reflected in Exhibit A otherwise is authorized by this Agreement.

 

(b)    (i) The Special General Partner and each of the Limited Partners agree that the General Partner is authorized to execute, deliver and perform the above-mentioned agreements and transactions on behalf of the Partnership without any further act, approval or vote of the Partners, notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement to the fullest extent permitted under the Act or other applicable law, rule or regulation.

 

(ii) The execution, delivery or performance by the General Partner or the Partnership of any agreement authorized or permitted under this Agreement shall not constitute a breach by the General Partner of any duty that the General Partner may owe the Partnership or the Limited Partners or any other Persons under this Agreement or of any duty stated or implied by law or equity.

 

(c) At all times from and after the date hereof, the General Partner at the expense of the Partnership, may or may not, cause the Partnership to obtain and maintain

 

(i) casualty, liability and other insurance on the properties of the Partnership;

 

(ii) liability insurance for the Indemnitees hereunder; and

 

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(iii) such other insurance as the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, determines to be appropriate and reasonable.

 

(d) At all times from and after the date hereof, the General Partner may cause the Partnership to establish and maintain at any and all times working capital accounts and other cash or similar balances in such amount as the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, deems appropriate and reasonable from time to time.

 

(e)    (i) In exercising its authority under this Agreement, the General Partner may, but shall be under no obligation to, take into account the tax consequences to any Partner (including the General Partner) of any action taken (or not taken) by it. The General Partner and the Partnership shall not have liability to the Special General Partner or any Limited Partner for monetary damages or otherwise for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not delivered by the Special General Partner or such Limited Partner in connection with such decisions, provided that the General Partner has acted in good faith pursuant to its authority under this Agreement. The Limited Partners expressly acknowledge that the General Partner is acting on behalf of the Partnership, the General Partner, and the General Partner’s stockholders, collectively.

 

(ii) The General Partner and the Partnership shall not have liability to the Special General Partner or any Limited Partner under any circumstances as a result of an income tax liability incurred by the Special General Partner or such Limited Partner as a result of an action (or inaction) by the General Partner taken pursuant to its authority under and in accordance with this Agreement.

 

7.2 Certificate of General Partnership

 

(a) The General Partner has previously filed the Certificate with the Secretary of State of Delaware as required by the Act.

 

(b)    (i) The General Partner shall use all reasonable efforts to cause to be filed such other certificates or documents as may be reasonable and necessary or appropriate for the formation, continuation, qualification and operation of a limited partnership (or a partnership in which the limited partners have limited liability) in the State of Delaware and any other state, or the District of Columbia, in which the Partnership may elect to do business or own property.

 

(ii) To the extent that such action is determined by the General Partner to be reasonable and necessary or appropriate, the General Partner shall file amendments to and restatements of the Certificate and do all of the things to maintain the Partnership as a limited partnership (or a partnership in which the limited partners have limited liability) under the laws of the State of Delaware and each other state, or the District of Columbia, in which the Partnership may elect to do business or own property.

 

(iii) Subject to the terms of Section 8.5(a)(iv) hereof, the General Partner shall not be required, before or after filing, to deliver or mail a copy of the Certificate or any amendment thereto to the Special General Partner or any Limited Partner.

 

7.3 Reimbursement of the General Partner

 

(a) Except as provided in this Section 7.3 and elsewhere in this Agreement (including the provisions of Articles 5 and 6 regarding distributions, payments, and allocations to which it may be entitled), the General Partner shall not be compensated for its services as general partner of the Partnership.

 

(b)    (i) The Partnership shall be responsible for and shall pay all expenses relating to the Partnership’s organization, the ownership of its assets and its operations. The General Partner shall be reimbursed on a monthly basis, or such other basis as it may determine in its sole and absolute discretion, for all expenses that it incurs on behalf of the Partnership relating to the ownership and operation of the Partnership’s assets, or for the benefit of the Partnership, including all expenses

 

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associated with compliance by the General Partner and the Initial Limited Partner with laws, rules and regulations promulgated by any regulatory body, expenses related to the operations of the General Partner and to the management and administration of any Subsidiaries of the General Partner or the Partnership or Affiliates of the Partnership, such as auditing expenses and filing fees and any and all salaries, compensation and expenses of officers and employees of the General Partner, but excluding any portion of expenses reasonably attributable to assets not owned by or for the benefit of, or to operations not for the benefit of, the Partnership or Affiliates of the Partnership; provided, that the amount of any such reimbursement shall be reduced by any interest earned by the General Partner with respect to bank accounts or other instruments or accounts held by it in its name.

 

(ii) Such reimbursement shall be in addition to any reimbursement made as a result of indemnification pursuant to Section 7.6 hereof.

 

(iii) The General Partner shall determine in good faith the amount of expenses incurred by it related to the ownership and operation of, or for the benefit of, the Partnership. If certain expenses are incurred for the benefit of the Partnership and other entities (including the General Partner), such expenses will be allocated to the Partnership and such other entities in such a manner as the General Partner in its reasonable discretion deems fair and reasonable. All payments and reimbursements hereunder shall be characterized for federal income tax purposes as expenses of the Partnership incurred on its behalf, and not as expenses of the General Partner.

 

(c)    (i) Expenses incurred by the General Partner relating to the organization or reorganization of the Partnership and the General Partner the issuance of Common Stock in connection with the Consolidation and any issuance of additional Partnership Interests, REIT Stock or rights, options, warrants, or convertible or exchangeable securities pursuant to Section 4.2 hereof and all costs and expenses associated with the preparation and filing of any periodic reports by the General Partner under federal, state or local laws or regulations (including, without limitation, all costs, expenses, damages, and other payments resulting from or arising in connection with litigation related to any of the foregoing) are primarily obligations of the Partnership.

 

(ii) To the extent the General Partner pays or incurs such expenses, the General Partner shall be reimbursed for such expenses.

 

7.4 Outside Activities of the General Partner

 

The General Partner and any Affiliates of the General Partner may acquire Limited Partner Interests and shall be entitled to exercise all rights of a Limited Partner relating to such Limited Partner Interests.

 

7.5 Contracts with Affiliates

 

(a)    (i) The Partnership may lend or contribute funds or other assets to its Subsidiaries or other Persons in which it has an equity investment and such Subsidiaries and Persons may borrow funds from the Partnership, on terms and conditions established in the sole and absolute discretion of the General Partner.

 

(ii) The foregoing authority shall not create any right or benefit in favor of any Subsidiary or any other Person.

 

(b) Except as provided in Section 7.4, the Partnership may Transfer assets to Entities in which it is or thereby becomes a participant upon such terms and subject to such conditions consistent with this Agreement and applicable law as the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, may determine.

 

(c) Except as expressly permitted by this Agreement, neither the General Partner nor any of its Affiliates shall sell, Transfer or convey any property to, or purchase any property from, the Partnership, directly or indirectly, except pursuant to transactions that are determined by the General Partner in good faith to be fair and reasonable.

 

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(d) The General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion and without the approval of the Special General Partner or the Limited Partners, may propose and adopt, on behalf of the Partnership, employee benefit plans, stock option plans, and similar plans funded by the Partnership for the benefit of employees of the Partnership, the General Partner, any Subsidiaries of the Partnership or any Affiliate of any of them in respect of services performed, directly or indirectly, for the benefit of the Partnership and Special General Partner, the General Partner, any Subsidiaries of the Partnership or any Affiliate of any of them.

 

(e) The General Partner is expressly authorized to enter into, in the name and on behalf of the Partnership, a “right of first opportunity” or “right of first offer” arrangement, non-competition agreements and other conflict avoidance agreements with various Affiliates of the Partnership and the General Partner, on such terms as the General Partner and Special General Partner in their absolute discretion, believe are advisable.

 

7.6 Indemnification

 

(i) To the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law and subject to Sections 7.9(a) and (b), the Partnership shall indemnify each Indemnitee from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, joint or several, expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and other legal fees and expenses), judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts arising from any and all claims, demands, actions, suits or proceedings, civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (collectively, “Claims”), that relate to the operations of the Partnership or the General Partner as set forth in this Agreement, in which such Indemnitee may be involved, or is threatened to be involved, as a party or otherwise, so long as (x) the course of conduct which gave rise to the Claim was taken, in the reasonable determination of the Indemnitee made in good faith, in the best interests of the Partnership or the General Partner, (y) such Claim was not the result of negligence or misconduct by the Indemnitee and (z) such indemnification is not satisfied or recoverable from the assets of the stockholders of the General Partner. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Indemnitee shall be indemnified for any Claim arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws unless (x) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations as to such Indemnitee, (y) such allegations have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to such Indemnitee, or (z) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of such allegations against such Indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which the REIT Stock was offered or sold as to indemnification for violations of securities law.

 

(ii) Without limitation, the foregoing indemnity shall extend to any liability of any Indemnitee, pursuant to a loan guaranty (except a guaranty by a limited partner of nonrecourse indebtedness of the Partnership or as otherwise provided in any such loan guaranty), contractual obligation for any indebtedness or other obligation or otherwise for any indebtedness of the Partnership or any Subsidiary of the Partnership (including, without limitation, any indebtedness which the Partnership or any Subsidiary of the Partnership has assumed or taken subject to), and the General Partner is hereby authorized and empowered, on behalf of the Partnership, to enter into one or more indemnity agreements consistent with the provisions of this Section 7.6 in favor of any Indemnitee having or potentially having liability for any such indebtedness.

 

(iii) Any indemnification pursuant to this Section 7.6 shall be made only out of the assets of the Partnership, and neither the General Partner nor the Special General Partner or any Limited Partner shall have any obligation to contribute to the capital of the Partnership, or otherwise provide funds, to enable the Partnership to fund its obligations under this Section 7.6.

 

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(b) Subject to Section 7.9(c), reasonable expenses incurred by an Indemnitee who is a party to a proceeding shall be paid or reimbursed by the Partnership in advance of the final disposition of any and all claims, demands, actions, suits or proceedings, civil, criminal, administrative or investigative made or threatened against an Indemnitee upon receipt by the Partnership of (i) a written affirmation by the Indemnitee of the Indemnitee’s good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Partnership as authorized in this Section 7.6 has been met; and (ii) a written undertaking by or on behalf of the Indemnitee to repay the amount if it shall ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct has not been met.

 

(c) The indemnification provided by this Section 7.6 shall be in addition to any other rights to which an Indemnitee or any other Person may be entitled under any agreement, pursuant to any vote of the Partners, as a matter of law or otherwise, and shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to serve in such capacity unless otherwise provided in a written agreement pursuant to which such Indemnities are indemnified.

 

(d) The Partnership may, but shall not be obligated to, purchase and maintain insurance, on behalf of the Indemnities and such other Persons as the General Partner shall determine, against any liability that may be asserted against or expenses that may be incurred by such Person in connection with the Partnership’s activities, regardless of whether the Partnership would have the power to indemnify such Person against such liability under the provisions of this Agreement.

 

(e) For purposes of this Section 7.6, the Partnership shall be deemed to have requested an Indemnitee to serve as fiduciary of an employee benefit plan whenever the performance by such Indemnitee of its duties to the Partnership also imposes duties on, or otherwise involves services by, such Indemnitee to the plan or participants or beneficiaries of the plan; excise taxes assessed on an Indemnitee with respect to an employee benefit plan pursuant to applicable law shall constitute fines within the meaning of this Section 7.6; and actions taken or omitted by the Indemnitee with respect to an employee benefit plan in the performance of its duties for a purpose reasonably believed by it to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of the plan shall be deemed to be for a purpose which is not opposed to the best interests of the Partnership.

 

(f) In no event may an Indemnitee subject any of the Partners (other than the General Partner) to personal liability by reason of the indemnification provisions set forth in this Agreement.

 

(g) An Indemnitee shall not be denied indemnification in whole or in part under this Section 7.6 because the Indemnitee had an interest in the transaction with respect to which the indemnification applies if the transaction was otherwise permitted by the terms of this Agreement.

 

(h)    (i) The provisions of this Section 7.6 are for the benefit of the Indemnitees, their heirs, successors, assigns and administrators and shall not be deemed to create any rights for the benefit of any other Persons.

 

(ii) Any amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 7.6 or any provision hereof shall be prospective only and shall not in any way affect the Partnership’s liability to any Indemnitee under this Section 7.6, as in effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification, or repeal with respect to claims arising from or relating to matters occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when such claims may arise or be asserted.

 

(i) If and to the extent any payments to the General Partner pursuant to this Section 7.6 constitute gross income to the General Partner (as opposed to the repayment of advances made on behalf of the Partnership), such amounts shall constitute guaranteed payments within the meaning of Section 707(c) of the Code, shall be treated consistently therewith by the Partnership and all Partners, and shall not be treated as distributions for purposes of computing the Partners’ Capital Accounts.

 

(j) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the General Partner shall not be entitled to indemnification hereunder for any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense for which the General Partner is obligated to indemnify the Partnership under any other agreement between the General Partner and the Partnership.

 

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7.7 Liability of the General Partner

 

Subject to Section 7.9:

 

(a) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Agreement, neither the General Partner nor the investment advisor of the General Partner, nor any of their respective officers and directors, shall be liable for monetary damages to the Partnership, any Partners or any Assignees for losses sustained or liabilities incurred as a result of errors in judgment or mistakes of fact or law or of any act or omission unless the General Partner or its investment advisor, as the case may be, acted in bad faith and the act or omission was material to the matter giving rise to the loss, liability or benefit not derived.

 

(b)    (i) The Special General Partner and the Limited Partners expressly acknowledge that the General Partner (and its investment advisor) is acting on behalf of the Partnership and the shareholders of the General Partner collectively, that the General Partner (and its investment advisor), subject to the provisions of Section 7.1(e) hereof, is under no obligation to consider the separate interest of the Special General Partner or the Limited Partners (including, without limitation, the tax consequences to the Special General Partner, the Limited Partners or Assignees) in deciding whether to cause the Partnership to take (or decline to take) any actions, and that the General Partner (and its investment advisor) shall not be liable for monetary damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred, or benefits not derived by Limited Partners or the Special General Partner in connection with such decisions; provided that the General Partner (and its investment advisor) has acted in good faith.

 

(ii) With respect to any indebtedness of the Partnership which the Special General Partner or any Limited Partner may have guaranteed, the General Partner (and its investment advisor) shall have no duty to keep such indebtedness outstanding.

 

(c)    (i) Subject to its obligations and duties as General Partner set forth in Section 7.1(a) hereof, the General Partner may exercise any of the powers granted to it by this Agreement and perform any of the duties imposed upon it hereunder either directly or by or through its agent, including its investment advisor.

 

(ii) The General Partner shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any such agent appointed by the General Partner in good faith.

 

(d) The Limited Partners expressly acknowledge that in the event of any conflict in the fiduciary duties owed by the General Partner to its stockholders and by the General Partner, in its capacity as a general partner of the Partnership, to the Special General Partner or the Limited Partners, the General Partner may act in the best interests of the General Partner’s stockholders without violating its fiduciary duties to the Special General Partner and the Limited Partners, and that the General Partner shall not be liable for monetary damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred, or benefits not derived by the Special General Partner or the Limited Partners in connection with any such violation.

 

(e) Any amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 7.7 or any provision hereof shall be prospective only and shall not in any way affect the limitations on the General Partner’s and its officers’ and directors’ liability to the Partnership and the Limited Partners under this Section 7.7 as in effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification or repeal with respect to claims arising from or relating to matters occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when such claims may arise or be asserted.

 

7.8 Other Matters Concerning the General Partner

 

Subject to Section 7.9:

 

(a) The General Partner may rely and shall be protected in acting, or refraining from acting, upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, bond, debenture, or other paper or document believed by it in good faith to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties.

 

(b) The General Partner may consult with legal counsel, accountants, appraisers, management consultants, investment bankers, architects, engineers, environmental consultants and other consultants and

 

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advisers selected by it, and any act taken or omitted to be taken in reliance upon the opinion of such Persons as to matters which such General Partner reasonably believes to be within such Person’s professional or expert competence shall be conclusively presumed to have been done or omitted in good faith and in accordance with such opinion.

 

(c)    (i) The General Partner shall have the right, in respect of any of its powers or obligations hereunder, to act through any of its duly authorized officers and duly appointed attorneys-in-fact.

 

(ii) Each such attorney shall, to the extent provided by the General Partner in the power of attorney, have full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and duty which is permitted or required to be done by the General Partner hereunder.

 

(d) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement or the Act, any action of the General Partner on behalf of the Partnership or any decision of the General Partner to refrain from acting on behalf of the Partnership, undertaken in the good faith belief that such action or omission is necessary or advisable in order

 

(i) to protect the ability of the General Partner to continue to qualify as a REIT; or

 

(ii) to avoid the General Partner incurring any taxes under Section 857 or Section 4981 of the Code,

 

is expressly authorized under this Agreement and is deemed approved by the Special General Partner and all of the Limited Partners.

 

7.9 Restrictions on Indemnification and Limitation of Liability

 

(a) The Partnership shall not indemnify Indemnitees for any liability loss suffered by the Indemnitees, nor shall it hold harmless for any loss or liability suffered by the Partnership, any Indemnitee, unless all of the following conditions are met: (i) the Indemnitees determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct which caused the loss or liability was in the best interests of the Partnership, (ii) the Indemnitee were acting on behalf of the Partnership or performing services for the Partnership, (iii) such liability or loss or expense was not the result of negligence or misconduct on the part of Indemnitees and (iv) such indemnification or agreement to hold harmless shall be recoverable only out of the net assets of the Partnership and not from stockholders or the General Partner.

 

(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in subsection (a), the Partnership shall not indemnify Indemnitees or any persons acting as a broker-dealer for any losses, liabilities or expenses arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws by such party unless one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations as to the particular Indemnitee, (ii) such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the particular Indemnitee or (iii) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against a particular Indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and related costs should be made, and the court considering the matter has been advised of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the published position of any state securities regulatory authority as to indemnification for violations of securities law.

 

(c) The Partnership will advance amounts to Indemnitees for legal expenses and other costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which indemnification is being sought is permissible only if all of the following conditions are satisfied: (i) the legal action relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on behalf of the Partnership, (ii) the legal action is initiated by a third party who is not a Stockholder or is initiated by a Stockholder acting in his or her capacity as such and a court of competent jurisdiction specifically approves the advancement and (iii) the Indemnitees undertake in writing to repay the advanced funds to the Partnership, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, in cases in which such Indemnitees are found not to be entitled to indemnification.

 

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7.10 Title to Partnership Assets

 

(a) Title to Partnership assets, whether real, personal or mixed and whether tangible or intangible, shall be deemed to be owned by the Partnership as an entity, and no Partner, individually or collectively, shall have any ownership interest in such Partnership assets or any portion thereof.

 

(b)    (i) Title to any or all of the Partnership assets may be held in the name of the Partnership, the General Partner or one or more nominees, as the General Partner may determine, including Affiliates of the General Partner.

 

(ii) The General Partner hereby declares and warrants that any Partnership asset for which legal title is held in the name of the General Partner or any nominee or Affiliate of the General Partner shall be held by the General Partner for the use and benefit of the Partnership in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement; provided , that the General Partner shall use its best efforts to cause beneficial and record title to such assets to be vested in the Partnership as soon as reasonably practicable.

 

(iii) All Partnership assets shall be recorded as the property of the Partnership in its books and records, irrespective of the name in which legal title to such Partnership assets is held.

 

7.11 Reliance by Third Parties

 

(a) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, any Person dealing with the Partnership shall be entitled to assume that the General Partner has full power and authority, without consent or approval of any other Partner or Person, to encumber, sell or otherwise use in any manner any and all assets of the Partnership and to enter into any contracts on behalf of the Partnership, and take any and all actions on behalf of the Partnership, and such Person shall be entitled to deal with the General Partner as if the General Partner were the Partnership’s sole party in interest, both legally and beneficially.

 

(b) The Special General Partner and each Limited Partner hereby waives any and all defenses or other remedies which may be available against such Person to contest, negate or disaffirm any action of the General Partner in connection with any such dealing.

 

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(c) In no event shall any Person dealing with the General Partner or its representatives be obligated to ascertain that the terms of this Agreement have been complied with or to inquire into the necessity or expediency of any act or action of the General Partner or its representatives.

 

(d) Each and every certificate, document or other instrument executed on behalf of the Partnership by the General Partner or its representatives shall be conclusive evidence in favor of any and every Person relying thereon or claiming thereunder that

 

(i) at the time of the execution and delivery of such certificate, document or instrument, this Agreement was in full force and effect;

 

(ii) the Person executing and delivering such certificate, document or instrument was duly authorized and empowered to do so for and on behalf of the Partnership; and

 

(iii) such certificate, document or instrument was duly executed and delivered in accordance with the terms and provisions of this Agreement and is binding upon the Partnership.

 

7.12 Loans By Third Parties .

 

The Partnership may incur Debt, or enter into similar credit, guarantee, financing or refinancing arrangements for any purpose (including, without limitation, in connection with any acquisition of property) with any Person upon such terms as the General Partner determines appropriate.

 

ARTICLE 8

 

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF LIMITED PARTNERS AND THE SPECIAL GENERAL PARTNER

 

8.1 Limitation of Liability

 

No Limited Partners shall have any liability under this Agreement except as expressly provided in this Agreement, including Section 10.5 hereof, or under the Act.

 

8.2 Management of Business

 

(a) No Limited Partner or Assignee (other than the General Partner, any of their Affiliates or any officer, director, employee, agent or trustee of the General Partner, the Partnership or any of their Affiliates, in their capacity as such) shall take part in the operation, management or control (within the meaning of the Act) of the Partnership’s business, transact any business in the Partnership’s name or have the power to sign documents for or otherwise bind the Partnership.

 

(b) The transaction of any such business by the General Partner, the Special General Partner, any of its Affiliates or any officer, director, employee, partner, agent or trustee of the General Partner, the Special General Partner, the Partnership or any of their Affiliates, in their capacity as such, shall not affect, impair or eliminate the limitations, the Limited Partners or Assignees under this Agreement.

 

8.3 Outside Activities of Limited Partners and the Special General Partner

 

(a) Subject to any agreements entered into pursuant to Section 7.5 hereof and any other agreements entered into by the Special General Partner, a Limited Partner or its Affiliates with the Partnership or any of its Subsidiaries, the Special General Partner and any Limited Partner and any officer, director, employee, agent, trustee, Affiliate or shareholder of the Special General Partner or any Limited Partner shall be entitled to and may have business interests and engage in business activities in addition to those relating to the Partnership, including business interests and activities that are in direct competition with the Partnership or that are enhanced by the activities of the Partnership.

 

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(b) Neither the Partnership nor any Partners shall have any rights by virtue of this Agreement in any business ventures of the Special General Partner or any Limited Partner or Assignee.

 

(c) Neither the Special General Partner or the Limited Partners nor any other Person shall have any rights by virtue of this Agreement or the Partnership relationship established hereby in any business ventures of any other Person and such Person shall have no obligation pursuant to this Agreement to offer any interest in any such business ventures to the Partnership, the Special General Partner, any Limited Partner or any such other Person, even if such opportunity is of a character which, if presented to the Partnership, the Special General Partner, any Limited Partner or such other Person, could be taken by such Person.

 

8.4 Return of Capital

 

(a) Except pursuant to the Exchange Rights Agreements or pursuant to Section 13.3 hereof, neither the Special General Partner nor Limited Partner shall be entitled to the withdrawal or return of its Capital Contribution, except to the extent of distributions made pursuant to this Agreement or upon termination of the Partnership as provided herein.

 

(b) Except as provided in Articles 5 and 13 hereof, no Limited Partner or Assignee shall have priority over any other Limited Partner, the Special General Partner or Assignee, either as to the return of Capital Contributions or as to profits, losses or distributions.

 

(c) Except as provided in Articles 5 and 13 hereof, the Special General Partner shall not have priority over any General Partner or Assignee, either as to the return of Capital Contributions or as to profits, losses or distributions.

 

8.5 Rights of Limited Partners Relating to the Partnership

 

(a) In addition to the other rights provided by this Agreement or by the Act, and except as limited by Section 8.5(b) hereof, each Limited Partner shall have the right, for a purpose reasonably related to the Special General Partner or such Limited Partner’s interest as a limited partner in the Partnership, upon written demand with a statement of the purpose of such demand and at such General Partner’s own expense (including such reasonable copying and administrative charges as the General Partner may establish from time to time):

 

(i) to obtain a copy of the most recent annual and quarterly reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by the General Partner pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;

 

(ii) to obtain a copy of the Partnership’s federal, state and local income tax returns for each Partnership Year;

 

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 8.5, the General Partners may keep confidential from the Limited Partners, for such period of time as the General Partners determine in their sole and absolute discretion to be reasonable, any information that

 

(i) the General Partners reasonably believe to be in the nature of trade secrets or other information, the disclosure of which the General Partners in good faith believe are not in the best interests of the Partnership or could damage the Partnership or its business; or

 

(ii) the Partnership is required by law or by agreements with an unaffiliated third party to keep confidential.

 

8.6 Exchange Rights Agreements

 

(a) The Limited Partners have been granted the right, but not the obligation, to exchange all or a portion of their Partnership Units for cash or, at the option of the General Partner, for shares of REIT Stock on the terms and subject to the conditions and restrictions contained in certain Exchange Rights Agreements

 

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between the General Partners and the Limited Partners (as amended from time to time, the “ Exchange Rights Agreements ”). The form of Exchange Rights Agreement governing the exchange of Partnership Units shall be substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C, with such changes as may be agreed to by the General Partner.

 

(b) The Limited Partners and all successors, assignees and transferees (whether by operation of law, including by merger or consolidation, dissolution or liquidation of an entity that is a Limited Partner, or otherwise) shall be bound by the provisions of the Exchange Rights Agreement to which they are parties.

 

ARTICLE 9

 

BOOKS, RECORDS, ACCOUNTING AND REPORTS

 

9.1 Records and Accounting

 

(a) The General Partner shall keep or cause to be kept at the principal office of the Partnership those records and documents required to be maintained by the Act and other books and records deemed by the General Partner to be appropriate with respect to the Partnership’s business, including, without limitation, all books and records necessary for the General Partner to comply with applicable REIT Requirements and to provide to the Limited Partners any information, lists and copies of documents required to be provided pursuant to Sections 8.5(a) and 9.3 hereof.

 

(b) Any records maintained by or on behalf of the Partnership in the regular course of its business may be kept on, or be in the form of, punch cards, magnetic tape, photographs, micrographics or any other information storage device, provided that the records so maintained are convertible into clearly legible written form within a reasonable period of time.

 

(c) The books of the Partnership shall be maintained, for financial and tax reporting purposes, on an accrual basis in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, or such other basis as the General Partner determines to be necessary or appropriate.

 

9.2 Fiscal Year

 

The fiscal year of the Partnership shall be the calendar year.

 

9.3 Reports

 

(a) As soon as practicable, but in no event later than the date on which the General Partner mails its annual report to its stockholders, the General Partner shall cause to be mailed to the Special General Partner and each Limited Partner as of the close of the Partnership Year, an annual report containing financial statements of the Partnership, or of the General Partner, if such statements are prepared on a consolidated basis with the Partnership, for such Partnership Year, presented in accordance with GAAP, such statements to be audited by a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants selected by the General Partner in its sole discretion.

 

(b) If and to the extent that the General Partner mails quarterly reports to its stockholders, then as soon as practicable, but in no event later than the date such reports are mailed, the General Partner shall cause to be mailed to each Limited Partner a report containing unaudited financial statements as of the last day of the calendar quarter of the Partnership, or of the General Partner, if such statements are prepared on a consolidated basis with the Partnership, and such other information as may be required by applicable law or regulation, or as the General Partner determines to be appropriate.

 

(c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the General Partner may deliver to the Special General Partner and the Limited Partners each of the reports described above, as well as any other communications that it may provide hereunder, by E-mail or by any other electronic means.

 

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ARTICLE 10

 

TAX MATTERS

 

10.1 Preparation of Tax Returns

 

The General Partner shall arrange for the preparation and timely filing of all returns of Partnership income, gains, deductions, losses and other items required of the Partnership for federal and state income tax purposes and shall use all reasonable efforts to furnish, within ninety (90) days of the close of each taxable year, the tax information reasonably required by the Special General Partner and the Limited Partners for federal and state income tax reporting purposes.

 

10.2 Tax Elections

 

(a) Except as otherwise provided herein, the General Partner shall, in its sole and absolute discretion, determine whether to make any available election pursuant to the Code.

 

(b) The General Partner shall elect a permissible method (which need not be the same method for each item or property) of eliminating the disparity between the book value and the tax basis for each item of property contributed to the Partnership or to a Subsidiary of the Partnership pursuant to the regulations promulgated under the provisions of Section 704(c) of the Code.

 

(c) The General Partner shall have the right to seek to revoke any tax election it makes, including, without limitation, the election under Section 754 of the Code, upon the General Partner’s determination, in its sole and absolute discretion, that such revocation is in the best interests of the Partners.

 

10.3 Tax Matters Partner

 

(a)    (i) The General Partner shall be the “tax matters partner” of the Partnership for federal income tax purposes.

 

(ii) Pursuant to Section 6230(e) of the Code, upon receipt of notice from the Internal Revenue Service of the beginning of an administrative proceeding with respect to the Partnership, the tax matters partner shall furnish the Internal Revenue Service with the name, address, taxpayer identification number, and profit interest of each of the Special General Partner and the Limited Partners and the Assignees; provided, that such information is provided to the Partnership by the Special General Partner, the Limited Partners and the Assignees.

 

(iii) The tax matters partner is authorized, but not required:

 

(A) to enter into any settlement with the Internal Revenue Service with respect to any administrative or judicial proceedings for the adjustment of Partnership items required to be taken into account by a Partner for income tax purposes (such administrative proceedings being referred to as a “tax audit” and such judicial proceedings being referred to as “judicial review”), and in the settlement agreement the tax matters partner may expressly state that such agreement shall bind all Partners, except that such settlement agreement shall not bind any Partner

 

(1) who (within the time prescribed pursuant to the Code and Regulations) files a statement with the Internal Revenue Service providing that the tax matters partner shall not have the authority to enter into a settlement agreement on behalf of such Partner; or

 

(2) who is a “notice partner” (as defined in Section 6231(a)(8) of the Code) or a member of a “notice group” (as defined in Section 6223(b)(2) of the Code);

 

(B) in the event that a notice of a final administrative adjustment at the Partnership level of any item required to be taken into account by a Partner for tax purposes (a “final adjustment”) is mailed to the tax matters partner, to seek judicial review of such final adjustment, including the

 

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filing of a petition for readjustment with the Tax Court or the filing of a complaint for refund with the United States Claims Court or the District Court of the United States for the district in which the Partnership’s principal place of business is located;

 

(C) to intervene in any action brought by any other Partner for judicial review of a final adjustment;

 

(D) to file a request for an administrative adjustment with the Internal Revenue Service and, if any part of such request is not allowed by the Internal Revenue Service, to file an appropriate pleading (petition or complaint) for judicial review with respect to such request;

 

(E) to enter into an agreement with the Internal Revenue Service to extend the period for assessing any tax which is attributable to any item required to be taken account of by a Partner for tax purposes, or an item affected by such item; and

 

(F) to take any other action on behalf of the Partners or the Partnership in connection with any tax audit or judicial review proceeding to the extent permitted by applicable law or regulations.

 

The taking of any action and the incurring of any expense by the tax matters partner in connection with any such proceeding, except to the extent required by law, is a matter in the sole and absolute discretion of the tax matters partner and the provisions relating to indemnification of the General Partner set forth in Section 7.6 of this Agreement shall be fully applicable to the tax matters partner in its capacity as such.

 

(b)    (i) The tax matters partner shall receive no compensation for its services.

 

(ii) All third party costs and expenses incurred by the tax matters partner in performing its duties as such (including legal and accounting fees and expenses) shall be borne by the Partnership.

 

(iii) Nothing herein shall be construed to restrict the Partnership from engaging an accounting firm to assist the tax matters partner in discharging its duties hereunder, so long as the compensation paid by the Partnership for such services is reasonable.

 

10.4 Organizational Expenses

 

The Partnership shall elect to deduct expenses, if any, incurred by it in organizing the Partnership ratably over a fifteen year period as provided in Section 709 of the Code.

 

10.5 Withholding

 

(a) The Special General Partner and each Limited Partner hereby authorizes the Partnership to withhold from, or pay on behalf of or with respect to, the Special General Partner and such Limited Partner any amount of federal, state, local, or foreign taxes that the General Partner determines that the Partnership is required to withhold or pay with respect to any amount distributable or allocable to the Special General Partner and such Limited Partner pursuant to this Agreement, including, without limitation, any taxes required to be withheld or paid by the Partnership pursuant to Sections 1441, 1442, 1445, or 1446 of the Code.

 

(b)    (i) Any amount paid on behalf of or with respect to the Special General Partner or a Limited Partner shall constitute a loan by the Partnership to the Special General Partner or such Limited Partner, which loan shall be repaid by the Special General Partner or such Limited Partner as the case may be within fifteen (15) days after notice from the General Partner that such payment must be made unless

 

(A) the Partnership withholds such payment from a distribution which would otherwise be made to the Special General Partner or the Limited Partner, as applicable; or

 

(B) the General Partner determines, in its sole and absolute discretion, that such payment may be satisfied out of the available funds of the Partnership which would, but for such payment, be distributed to the Special General Partner or the Limited Partner, as applicable.

 

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(ii) Any amounts withheld pursuant to the foregoing clauses (i)(A) or (B) shall be treated as having been distributed to the Special General Partner or the Limited Partner, as applicable.

 

(c)    (i) The Special General Partner and each Limited Partner hereby unconditionally and irrevocably grants to the Partnership a security interest in the Special General Partner’s and such Limited Partner’s Partnership Interest, as the case may be, to secure the Special General Partner’s and such Limited Partner’s obligation to pay to the Partnership any amounts required to be paid pursuant to this Section 10.5.

 

(ii) (A) In the event that the Special General Partner or a Limited Partner fails to pay when due any amounts owed to the Partnership pursuant to this Section 10.5, the General Partner may, in its sole and absolute discretion, elect to make the payment to the Partnership on behalf of such defaulting Special General Partner or Limited Partner, and in such event shall be deemed to have loaned such amount to such defaulting Special General Partner or Limited Partner and shall succeed to all rights and remedies of the Partnership as against such defaulting Special General Partner or Limited Partner, as applicable.

 

(B) Without limitation, in such event, the General Partner shall have the right to receive distributions that would otherwise be distributable to such defaulting Special General Partner or Limited Partner until such time as such loan, together with all interest thereon, has been paid in full, and any such distributions so received by the General Partner shall be treated as having been distributed to the defaulting Special General Partner or Limited Partner and immediately paid by the defaulting Special General Partner or Limited Partner to the General Partner in repayment of such loan.

 

(iii) Any amount payable by the Special General Partner or a Limited Partner hereunder shall bear interest at the highest base or prime rate of interest published from time to time by any of Citibank, N.A. and J.P. Morgan Chase & Co., plus four (4) percentage points, but in no event higher than the maximum lawful rate of interest on such obligation, such interest to accrue from the date such amount is due (i.e., fifteen (15) days after demand) until such amount is paid in full.

 

(iv) The Special General Partner and each Limited Partner shall take such actions as the Partnership or the General Partner shall request in order to perfect or enforce the security interest created hereunder.

 

ARTICLE 11

 

TRANSFERS AND WITHDRAWALS

 

11.1 Transfer

 

(a)    (i) The term “Transfer,” when used in this Article 11 with respect to a Partnership Interest or a Partnership Unit, shall be deemed to refer to a transaction by which the General Partner purports to assign all or any part of its General Partner Interest to another Person, the Special General Partner purports to assign all or any part of its Special General Partner Interest to another Person or a Limited Partner purports to assign all or any part of its Limited Partner Interest to another Person, and includes a sale, assignment, gift, pledge, encumbrance, hypothecation, mortgage, exchange or any other disposition by law or otherwise.

 

(ii) The term “Transfer” when used in this Article 11 does not include any exchange of Partnership Units for cash or REIT Stock pursuant to the Exchange Rights Agreement.

 

(b)    (i) No Partnership Interest shall be Transferred, in whole or in part, except in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in this Article 11.

 

(ii) Any Transfer or purported Transfer of a Partnership Interest not made in accordance with this Article 11 shall be null and void.

 

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11.2 Transfer of the General Partner’s General Partner Interest

 

(a) The General Partner may not Transfer any of its General Partner Interest or withdraw as General Partner, or Transfer any of its Limited Partner Interest, except

 

(i) if holders of at least two-thirds of the Limited Partner Interests consent to such Transfer or withdrawal,

 

(ii) if such Transfer is to an entity which is wholly owned by the General Partner and is a Qualified REIT Subsidiary as defined in Section 856(i) of the Code, or

 

(iii) in connection with a transaction described in Section 11.2(c) or 11.2(d) (as applicable)

 

(b) In the event the General Partner withdraws as general partner of the Partnership in accordance with Section 11.2(a), the General Partner’s General Partner Interest shall immediately be converted into a Limited Partner Interest.

 

(c) Except as otherwise provided in Section 11.2(d), the General Partner shall not engage in any merger, consolidation or other combination of the General Partner with or into another Person (other than a merger in which the General Partner is the surviving entity) or sale of all or substantially all of its assets, or any reclassification, or any recapitalization of outstanding REIT Stock (other than a change in par value, or from par value to no par value, or as a result of a subdivision or combination of REIT Stock) (a “ Transaction ”), unless

 

(i) in connection with the Transaction all Limited Partners will either receive, or will have the right to elect to receive, for each Partnership Unit an amount of cash, securities, or other property equal to the product of the Exchange Factor and the amount of cash, securities or other property or value paid in the Transaction to or received by a holder of one share of REIT Stock corresponding to such Partnership Unit in consideration of one share of REIT Stock at any time during the period from and after the date on which the Transaction is consummated; provided that if, in connection with the Transaction, a purchase, tender or exchange offer (“Offer”) shall have been made to and accepted by the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding REIT Stock, each holder of Partnership Units shall be given the option to exchange its Partnership Units for the amount of cash, securities, or other property which a Limited Partner would have received had it

 

(A) exercised its Exchange Right and

 

(B) sold, tendered or exchanged pursuant to the Offer the REIT Stock received upon exercise of the Exchange Right immediately prior to the expiration of the Offer.

 

The foregoing is not intended to, and does not, affect the ability of (i) a stockholder of the General Partner to sell its stock in the General Partner or (ii) the General Partner to perform its obligations (under agreement or otherwise) to such stockholders (including the fulfillment of any obligations with respect to registering the sale of stock under applicable securities laws).

 

(d) (i) Notwithstanding Section 11.2(c), the General Partner may merge into or consolidate with another entity if immediately after such merger or consolidation

 

(A) substantially all of the assets of the successor or surviving entity (the “Surviving General Partner”), other than Partnership Units held by the General Partner, are contributed to the Partnership as a Capital Contribution in exchange for Partnership Units with a fair market value equal to the value of the assets so contributed as determined by the Surviving General Partner in good faith and

 

(B) the Surviving General Partner expressly agrees to assume all obligations of the General Partner hereunder.

 

(ii) (A) Upon such contribution and assumption, the Surviving General Partner shall have the right and duty to amend this Agreement and the Exchange Rights Agreement as set forth in this Section 11.2(d).

 

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(B)    (1) The Surviving General Partner shall in good faith arrive at a new method for the calculation of the Exchange Factor for a Partnership Unit after any such merger or consolidation so as to approximate the existing method for such calculation as closely as reasonably possible.

 

(2) Such calculation shall take into account, among other things, the kind and amount of securities, cash and other property that was receivable upon such merger or consolidation by a holder of REIT Stock or options, warrants or other rights relating thereto, and which a holder of Partnership Units could have acquired had such Partnership Units been redeemed for REIT Stock immediately prior to such merger or consolidation.

 

(C) Such amendment to this Agreement shall provide for adjustment to such method of calculation, which shall be as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments provided for with respect to the Exchange Factor.

 

(iii) The above provisions of this Section 11.2(d) shall similarly apply to successive mergers or consolidations permitted hereunder.

 

11.3 Limited Partners’ and Special General Partner’s Rights to Transfer

 

(a) Subject to the provisions of Sections 11.3(c), 11.3(d), 11.3(e), 11.4 and 11.6, a Limited Partner and the Special General Partner may, without the consent of the General Partner, Transfer all or any portion of its Limited Partner Interest or Special General Partner Interest, as the case may be, or any of such Limited Partner’s or Special General Partner’s economic right as a Limited Partner or Special General Partner, as applicable. In order to effect such transfer, the Limited Partner or Special General Partner, as applicable, must deliver to the General Partner a duly executed copy of the instrument making such transfer and such instrument must evidence the written acceptance by the assignee of all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement and represent that such assignment was made in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations.

 

(b)    (i) If a Limited Partner or Special General Partner is Incapacitated, the executor, administrator, trustee, committee, guardian, conservator or receiver of such Limited Partner’s or Special General Partner’s estate shall have all of the rights of a Limited Partner or Special General Partner, as the case may be, but not more rights than those enjoyed by other Limited Partners or Special General Partner respectively, for the purpose of settling or managing the estate and such power as the Incapacitated Limited Partner or Special General Partner possessed to Transfer all or any part of his or its interest in the Partnership.

 

(ii) The Incapacity of a Limited Partner or Special General Partner, in and of itself, shall not dissolve or terminate the Partnership.

 

(c) The General Partner may prohibit any Transfer by a Limited Partner or Special General Partner of its Partnership Units if, in the opinion of legal counsel to the Partnership, such Transfer would require filing of a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or would otherwise violate any federal or state securities laws or regulations applicable to the Partnership or the Partnership Units.

 

(d) No Transfer by a Limited Partner or Special General Partner of its Partnership Units may be made to any Person if

 

(i) in the opinion of legal counsel of the Partnership, it would adversely affect the ability of the General Partner to continue to qualify as a REIT or would subject the General Partner to any additional taxes under Section 857 or Section 4981 of the Code;

 

(ii) in the opinion of legal counsel for the Partnership, it would result in the Partnership being treated as an association taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes;

 

(iii) such Transfer would cause the Partnership to become, with respect to any employee benefit plan subject to Title I of ERISA, a “party-in-interest” (as defined in Section 3(14) of ERISA) or a “disqualified person” (as defined in Section 4975(c) of the Code);

 

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(iv) such Transfer would, in the opinion of legal counsel for the Partnership, cause any portion of the assets of the Partnership to constitute assets of any employee benefit plan pursuant to Department of Labor Regulations Section 2510.2-101;

 

(v) such Transfer would subject the Partnership to regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment Advisors Act of 1940 or the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, each as amended;

 

(vi) without the consent of the General Partner, which consent may be withheld in its sole and absolute discretion, such Transfer is a sale or exchange, and such sale or exchange would, when aggregated with all other sales and exchanges during the 12-month period ending on the date of the proposed Transfer, result in 50% or more of the interests in Partnership capital and profits being sold or exchanged during such 12-month period; or

 

(vii) such Transfer is effectuated through an “established securities market” or a “secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof)” within the meaning of Section 7704 of the Code.

 

(e) No transfer of any Partnership Units may be made to a lender to the Partnership or any Person who is related (within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.752-4(b)) to any lender to the Partnership whose loan constitutes a nonrecourse liability (within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.752-1(a)(2)), without the consent of the General Partner, which may be withheld in its sole and absolute discretion, provided that as a condition to such consent the lender will be required to enter into an arrangement with the Partnership and the General Partner to exchange for the Cash Amount (as such term is defined in the Exchange Rights Agreement) any Partnership Units in which a security interest is held simultaneously with the time at which such lender would be deemed to be a partner in the Partnership for purposes of allocating liabilities to such lender under Section 752 of the Code.

 

(f) Any Transfer in contravention of any of the provisions of this Section 11.3 shall be void and ineffectual and shall not be binding upon, or recognized by, the Partnership.

 

11.4 Substituted Limited Partners

 

(a)    (i) No Limited Partner shall have the right to substitute a Permitted Transferee for a Limited Partner in its place.

 

(ii) The General Partner shall, however, have the right to consent to the admission of a Permitted Transferee of the Partnership Interest of a Limited Partner pursuant to this Section 11.4 as a Substituted Limited Partner, which consent may be given or withheld by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion.

 

(iii) The General Partner’s failure or refusal to permit such transferee to become a Substituted Limited Partner shall not give rise to any cause of action against the Partnership or any Partner.

 

(b) A transferee who has been admitted as a Substituted Limited Partner in accordance with this Article 11 shall have all the rights and powers and be subject to all the restrictions and liabilities of a Limited Partner under this Agreement.

 

(c)    (i) No Permitted Transferee will be admitted as a Substituted Limited Partner unless such transferee has furnished to the General Partner

 

(A) evidence of acceptance in form satisfactory to the General Partner of all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Exchange Rights Agreement, including, without limitation, the power of attorney granted in Section 2.4 hereof, and

 

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(B) such other documents or instruments as may be required in the reasonable discretion of the General Partner in order to effect such Person’s admission as a Substituted Limited Partner.

 

(ii) Upon the admission of a Substituted Limited Partner, the General Partner shall amend Exhibit A to reflect the name, address, number of Partnership Units, and Percentage Interest of such Substituted Limited Partner and to eliminate or adjust, if necessary, the name, address and interest of the predecessor of such Substituted Limited Partner.

 

11.5 Substituted Special General Partners

 

(a)    (i) No Special General Partner shall have the right to substitute a Permitted Transferee for a Special General Partner in its place.

 

(ii) The General Partner shall, however, have the right to consent to the admission of a Permitted Transferee of the Partnership Interest of a Special General Partner pursuant to this Section 11.5 as a Substituted Special General Partner, which consent may be given or withheld by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion.

 

(iii) The General Partner’s failure or refusal to permit such transferee to become a Substituted Special General Partner shall not give rise to any cause of action against the Partnership or any Partner.

 

(b) A transferee who has been admitted as a Substituted Special General Partner in accordance with this Article 11 shall have all the rights and powers and be subject to all the restrictions and liabilities of a Special General Partner under this Agreement.

 

(c)    (i) No Permitted Transferee will be admitted as a Substituted Special General Partner unless such transferee has furnished to the General Partner

 

(A) evidence of acceptance in form satisfactory to the General Partner of all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Exchange Rights Agreement, including, without limitation, the power of attorney granted in Section 2.4 hereof, and

 

(B) such other documents or instruments as may be required in the reasonable discretion of the General Partner in order to effect such Person’s admission as a Substituted Special General Partner.

 

(ii) Upon the admission of a Substituted Special General Partner, the General Partner shall amend Exhibit A to reflect the name, address, number of Partnership Units, and Percentage Interest of such Substituted Special General Partner and to eliminate or adjust, if necessary, the name, address and interest of the predecessor of such Substituted Special General Partner.

 

11.6 Assignees

 

(a) If the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, does not consent to the admission of any transferee as a Substituted Limited Partner or Substituted Special General Partner, as applicable, as described in Section 11.4(a), such transferee shall be considered an Assignee for purposes of this Agreement.

 

(b) An Assignee shall be deemed to have had assigned to it, and shall be entitled to receive distributions from the Partnership and the share of Net Income, Net Losses and any other items of gain, loss, deduction or credit of the Partnership attributable to the Partnership Units assigned to such transferee, but shall not be deemed to be a holder of Partnership Units for any other purpose under this Agreement, and shall not be entitled to vote such Partnership Units in any matter presented to the Limited Partners and Special General Partner, for a vote (such Partnership Units being deemed to have been voted on such matter in the same proportion as all other Partnership Units held by Limited Partners and the Special General Partner are voted).

 

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(c) In the event any such transferee desires to make a further assignment of any such Partnership Units, such transferee shall be subject to all of the provisions of this Article 11 to the same extent and in the same manner as any Limited Partner or Special General Partner desiring to make an assignment of Partnership Units.

 

11.7 General Provisions

 

(a) No Limited Partner or Special General Partner may withdraw from the Partnership other than as a result of a permitted Transfer of all of such Limited Partner’s or Special General Partner’s Partnership Units in accordance with this Article 11 or, as it relates to the Limited Partners, pursuant to exchange of all of its Partnership Units pursuant to the applicable Exchange Rights Agreement.

 

(b)    (i) Any Limited Partner or Special General Partner, which shall Transfer all of its Partnership Units in a Transfer permitted pursuant to this Article 11 shall cease to be a Limited Partner or Special General Partner, as applicable, upon the admission of all Assignees of such Partnership Units as Substituted Limited Partners or Substituted Special General Partner, as applicable.

 

(ii) Similarly, any Limited Partner which shall Transfer all of its partnership Units pursuant to an exchange of all of its Partnership Units pursuant to an Exchange Rights Agreement shall cease to be a Limited Partner.

 

(c) Other than pursuant to the Exchange Rights Agreement or with the consent of the General Partner, transfers pursuant to this Article 11 may only be made as of the first day of a fiscal quarter of the Partnership.

 

(d)    (i) If any Partnership Interest is transferred or assigned during the Partnership’s fiscal year in compliance with the provisions of this Article 11 or exchanged pursuant to the applicable Exchange Rights Agreement on any day other than the first day of a Partnership Year, then Net Income, Net Losses, each item thereof and all other items attributable to such interest for such Partnership Year shall be divided and allocated between the transferor Partner and the transferee Partner by taking into account their varying interests during the Partnership Year in accordance with Section 706(d) of the Code, using the interim closing of the books method.

 

(ii) Solely for purposes of making such allocations, each of such items for the calendar month in which the Transfer or assignment occurs shall be allocated to the transferee Partner, and none of such items for the calendar month in which an exchange occurs shall be allocated to the exchanging Partner, provided, however, that the General Partner may adopt such other conventions relating to allocations in connection with transfers, assignments, or exchanges as it determines are necessary or appropriate.

 

(iii) All distributions of Available Cash attributable to Partnership Units, with respect to which the Partnership Record Date is before the date of such Transfer, assignment, or exchange of such Partnership Units, shall be made to the transferor Partner or the exchanging Partner, as the case may be, and in the case of a Transfer or assignment other than an exchange, all distributions of Available Cash thereafter attributable to such Partnership Units shall be made to the transferee Partner.

 

(e) In addition to any other restrictions on transfer herein contained, including without limitation the provisions of this Article 11, in no event may any Transfer or assignment of a Partnership Interest by any Partner (including pursuant to Section 8.6) be made without the express consent of the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, (i) to any person or entity who lacks the legal right, power or capacity to own a Partnership Interest; (ii) in violation of applicable law; (iii) of any component portion of a Partnership Interest, such as the Capital Account, or rights to distributions, separate and apart from all other components of a Partnership Interest; (iv) if in the opinion of legal counsel to the Partnership such transfer would cause a termination of the Partnership for federal or state income tax purposes (except as a result of the exchange for REIT Stock of all Partnership Units held by all Limited Partners or pursuant to a transaction expressly permitted under Section 7.11 or Section 11.2); (v) if in the opinion of counsel to the Partnership, such transfer would cause the Partnership to cease to be classified as a partnership for federal income tax

 

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purposes (except as a result of the exchange for REIT Stock of all Partnership Units held by all Limited Partners or pursuant to a transaction expressly permitted under Section 7.11 or Section 11.2); (vi) if such transfer requires the registration of such Partnership Interest pursuant to any applicable federal or state securities laws; (vii) if such transfer is effectuated through an “established securities market” or a “secondary market” (or the substantial equivalent thereof) within the meaning of Section 7704 of the Code or such transfer causes the Partnership to become a “publicly traded partnership,” as such term is defined in Section 469(k)(2) or Section 7704(b) of the Code (provided that this clause (vii) shall not be the basis for limiting or restricting in any manner the exercise of the Exchange Right under Section 8.6 unless, and only to the extent that, outside tax counsel provides to the General Partner an opinion to the effect that, in the absence of such limitation or restriction, there is a significant risk that the Partnership will be treated as a “publicly traded partnership” and, by reason thereof, taxable as a corporation); (viii) such transfer could adversely affect the ability of the General Partner to remain qualified as a REIT; or (ix) if in the opinion of legal counsel of the transferring Partner (which opinion and counsel are reasonably satisfactory to the Partnership), or legal counsel of the Partnership, such transfer would adversely affect the ability of the General Partner to continue to qualify as a REIT or subject the General Partner to any additional taxes under Section 857 or Section 4981 of the Code, in the event that the General Partner has elected to be qualified as a REIT.

 

(f) The General Partner shall monitor the transfers of interests in the Partnership to determine (i) if such interests are being traded on an “established securities market” or a “secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof)” within the meaning of Section 7704 of the Code; and (ii) whether additional transfers of interests would result in the Partnership being unable to qualify for at least one of the “safe harbors” set forth in Regulations Section 1.7704-1 (or such other guidance subsequently published by the IRS setting forth safe harbors under which interests will not be treated as “readily tradable on a secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof)” within the meaning of Section 7704 of the Code) (the “Safe Harbors”). The General Partner shall take all steps reasonably necessary or appropriate to prevent any trading of interests or any recognition by the Partnership of transfers made on such markets and, except as otherwise provided herein, to insure that at least one of the Safe Harbors is met; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not authorize the General Partner to limit or restrict in any manner the right of any holder of a Partnership Unit to exercise the Exchange Right in accordance with the terms of the applicable Exchange Rights Agreement unless, and only to the extent that, outside tax counsel provides to the General Partner an opinion to the effect that, in the absence of such limitation or restriction, there is a significant risk that the Partnership will be treated as a “publicly traded partnership” and, by reason thereof, taxable as a corporation.

 

ARTICLE 12

 

ADMISSION OF PARTNERS

 

12.1 Admission of Successor General Partner

 

(a)    (i) A successor to all of the General Partner Interest pursuant to Section 11 hereof who is proposed to be admitted as a successor General Partner shall be admitted to the Partnership as the General Partner, effective immediately following such transfer and the admission of such successor General Partner as a general partner of the Partnership upon the satisfaction of the terms and conditions set forth in Section 12.1(b).

 

(ii) Any such transferee shall carry on the business of the Partnership without dissolution.

 

(b) A Person shall be admitted as a substitute or successor General Partner of the Partnership only if the following terms and conditions are satisfied:

 

(i) the Person to be admitted as a substitute or additional General Partner shall have accepted and agreed to be bound by all the terms and provisions of this Agreement by executing a counterpart

 

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thereof and such other documents or instruments as may be required or appropriate in order to effect the admission of such Person as a General Partner;

 

(ii) if the Person to be admitted as a substitute or additional General Partner is a corporation or a partnership it shall have provided the Partnership with evidence satisfactory to counsel for the Partnership of such Person’s authority to become a General Partner and to be bound by the terms and provisions of this Agreement; and

 

(iii) counsel for the Partnership shall have rendered an opinion (relying on such opinions from other counsel as may be necessary) that the admission of the person to be admitted as a substitute or additional General Partner is in conformity with the Act, that none of the actions taken in connection with the admission of such Person as a substitute or additional General Partner will cause

 

(A) the Partnership to be classified other than as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, or

 

(B) the loss of any Limited Partner’s limited liability.

 

(c) In the case of such admission on any day other than the first day of a Partnership Year, all items attributable to the General Partner Interest for such Partnership Year shall be allocated between the transferring General Partner and such successor as provided in Section 11.6(d) hereof.

 

12.2 Admission of Additional Limited Partners

 

(a) A Person who makes a Capital Contribution to the Partnership in accordance with this Agreement shall be admitted to the Partnership as an Additional Limited Partner only upon furnishing to the General Partner

 

(i) evidence of acceptance in form satisfactory to the General Partner of all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the applicable Exchange Rights Agreement, including, without limitation, the power of attorney granted in Section 2.4 hereof, and

 

(ii) such other documents or instruments as may be required in the discretion of the General Partner in order to effect such Person’s admission as an Additional Limited Partner.

 

(b)    (i) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 12.2, no Person shall be admitted as an Additional Limited Partner without the consent of the General Partner, which consent may be given or withheld in the General Partner’s sole and absolute discretion.

 

(ii) The admission of any Person as an Additional Limited Partner shall become effective on the date upon which the name of such Person is recorded on the books and records of the Partnership, following the consent of the General Partner to such admission.

 

(c)    (i) If any Additional Limited Partner is admitted to the Partnership on any day other than the first day of a Partnership Year, then Net Income, Net Losses, each item thereof and all other items allocable among Partners and Assignees for such Partnership Year shall be allocated among such Additional Limited Partner and all other Partners and Assignees by taking into account their varying interests during the Partnership Year in accordance with Section 706(d) of the Code, using the interim closing of the books method.

 

(ii)  (A) Solely for purposes of making such allocations, each of such items for the calendar month in which an admission of any Additional Limited Partner occurs shall be allocated among all of the Partners and Assignees, including such Additional Limited Partner.

 

(B) distributions of Available Cash with respect to which the Partnership Record Date is before the date of such admission shall be made solely to Partners and Assignees, other than the Additional Limited Partner, and all distributions of Available Cash thereafter shall be made to all of the Partners and Assignees, including such Additional Limited Partner.

 

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(d) Upon the admission of the first Additional Limited Partner to the Partnership, the Initial Limited Partner’s original interest in the Partnership shall automatically, and without further action on the part of the Initial Limited Partner or the Partnership, be withdrawn.

 

12.3 Amendment of Agreement and Certificate of Limited Partnership

 

For the admission to the Partnership of any Partner, the General Partner shall take all steps necessary and appropriate under the Act to amend the records of the Partnership and, if necessary, to prepare as soon as practical an amendment of this Agreement (including an amendment of Exhibit A) and, if required by law, shall prepare and file an amendment to the Certificate and may for this purpose exercise the power of attorney granted pursuant to Section 2.4 hereof.

 

ARTICLE 13

 

DISSOLUTION, LIQUIDATION AND TERMINATION

 

13.1 Dissolution

 

(a) The Partnership shall not be dissolved by the admission of Substituted Limited Partners, Additional Limited Partners or Substituted Special General Partner or by the admission of a successor General Partner in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Upon the withdrawal of the General Partner, any successor General Partner shall continue the business of the Partnership.

 

(b) The Partnership shall dissolve, and its affairs shall be wound up, only upon the first to occur of any of the following (“ Liquidating Events ”):

 

(i) the expiration of its term as provided in Section 2.5 hereof;

 

(ii) an event of withdrawal of the General Partner, as defined in the Act (other than an event of bankruptcy), unless, within ninety (90) days after such event of withdrawal, the Special General Partner and a “majority in interest” (as defined below) of the remaining Partners Consent in writing to continue the business of the Partnership and to the appointment, effective as of the date of withdrawal, of a successor General Partner;

 

(iii) an election to dissolve the Partnership made by the General Partner, with the consent of the Special General Partner and the Consent of the Limited Partners holding at least a majority of the Percentage Interest of the Limited Partners (including Limited Partner Interests held by the General Partner);

 

(iv) entry of a decree of judicial dissolution of the Partnership pursuant to the provisions of the Act;

 

(v) the sale of all or substantially all of the assets and properties of the Partnership;

 

(vi) a final and non-appealable judgment is entered by a court of competent jurisdiction ruling that the General Partner is bankrupt or insolvent, or a final and non-appealable order for relief is entered by a court with appropriate jurisdiction against the General Partner, in each case under any federal or state bankruptcy or insolvency laws as now or hereafter in effect, unless prior to the entry of such order or judgment and the Special General Partner and a “majority in interest” (as defined below) of the remaining Partners Consent in writing to continue the business of the Partnership and to the appointment, effective as of a date prior to the date of such order or judgment, of a substitute General Partner.

 

As used herein, a “majority in interest” shall refer to Partners (excluding the General Partner and the Special General Partner) who hold more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding Percentage Interests not held by the General Partner and the Special General Partner.

 

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13.2 Winding Up

 

(a)    (i) Upon the occurrence of a Liquidating Event, the Partnership shall continue solely for the purposes of winding up its affairs in an orderly manner, liquidating its assets, and satisfying the claims of its creditors and Partners.

 

(ii) No Partner shall take any action that is inconsistent with, or not necessary to or appropriate for, the winding up of the Partnership’s business and affairs.

 

(iii) The General Partner, or, in the event there is no remaining General Partner, any Person elected unanimously by the Special General Partner and Limited Partners holding at least a “majority in interest” (the General Partner or such other Person being referred to herein as the “ Liquidator ”), shall be responsible for overseeing the winding up and dissolution of the Partnership and shall take full account of the Partnership’s liabilities and property and the Partnership property shall be liquidated as promptly as is consistent with obtaining the fair value thereof, and the proceeds therefrom (which may, to the extent determined by the General Partner, include shares of common stock or other securities of the General Partner) shall be applied and distributed in the following order:

 

(A) First, to the payment and discharge of all of the Partnership’s debts and liabilities to creditors other than the Partners;

 

(B) Second, to the payment and discharge of all of the Partnership’s debts and liabilities to the General Partner;

 

(C) Third, to the payment and discharge of all of the Partnership’s debts and liabilities to the other Partners; and

 

(D) the balance, if any, as follows:

 

(1) 100% of all sums distributable by the Partnership shall be paid to the General Partner and Limited Partners in accordance with each Partner’s respective Percentage Interest until the Limited Partners receive distributions from the Partnership in an amount equal to the sum of the First Level Return and Net Investment and the Stockholders receive dividends from the General Partner equal to the sum of the First Level Return and the Net Investment;

 

(2) 100% of all sums distributable by the Partnership shall be paid to the Special General Partner until the Special Limiter Partner receives distributions from the Partnership in an amount equal to the sum of the SLP Distribution and the Net Investment;

 

(3) 30% of all sums distributable by the Partnership shall be paid to the Special General Partner, and 70% of all sums distributable by the Partnership shall be paid to the General Partner and Limited Partners in accordance with each Partner’s respective Percentage Interest until the Limited Partners receive distributions from the Partnership in an amount equal to the sum of the Second Level Return and Net Investment and the Stockholders receive dividends from the General Partner equal to the sum of the Second Level Return and the Net Investment; and

 

(4) 40% of all sums distributable by the Partnership shall be paid to the Special General Partner, and 60% of all sums distributable by the Partnership shall be paid to the General Partner and Limited Partners in accordance with each Partner’s respective Percentage Interest after the General Partner and the Limited Partners receive the distributions described in 13.2(a)(iii)(D)(3).

 

(5) All amounts distributed by the Partnership pursuant to Article 5 should be taken into account for purposes of this Section 13.2(a)(iii)D.

 

(iv) The General Partner shall not receive any additional compensation for any services performed pursuant to this Article 13.

 

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(v) Any distributions pursuant to this Section 13.2(a) shall be made by the end of the Partnership’s taxable year in which the liquidation occurs (or, if later, within 90 days after the date of the liquidation).

 

(b)    (i) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 13.2(a) hereof which require liquidation of the assets of the Partnership, but subject to the order of priorities set forth therein, if prior to or upon dissolution of the Partnership the Liquidator determines that an immediate sale of part or all of the Partnership’s assets would be impractical or would cause undue loss to the Partners, the Liquidator may, in its sole and absolute discretion, defer for a reasonable time the liquidation of any asset except those necessary to satisfy liabilities of the Partnership (including to those Partners as creditors) or distribute to the Partners, in lieu of cash, as tenants in common and in accordance with the provisions of Section 13.2(a) hereof, undivided interests in such Partnership assets as the Liquidator deems not suitable for liquidation.

 

(ii) Any such distributions in kind shall be made only if, in the good faith judgment of the Liquidator, such distributions in kind are in the best interests of the Partners, and shall be subject to such conditions relating to the disposition and management of such properties as the Liquidator deems reasonable and equitable and to any agreements governing the operation of such properties at such time.

 

(iii) The Liquidator shall determine the fair market value of any property distributed in kind using such reasonable method of valuation as it may adopt.

 

(c) In the discretion of the Liquidator, a pro rata portion of the distributions that would otherwise be made to the General Partner, the Special General Partner and Limited Partners pursuant to this Article 13 may be:

 

(A) distributed to a trust established for the benefit of the General Partner, the Special General Partner and Limited Partners for the purposes of liquidating Partnership assets, collecting amounts owed to the Partnership, and paying any contingent or unforeseen liabilities or obligations of the Partnership or the General Partner arising out of or in connection with the Partnership; the assets of any such trust shall be distributed to the General Partner, the Special General Partner and Limited Partners from time to time, in the reasonable discretion of the Liquidator, in the same proportions as the amount distributed to such trust by the Partnership would otherwise have been distributed to the General Partner, the Special General Partner and Limited Partners pursuant to this Agreement; or

 

(B) withheld or escrowed to provide a reasonable reserve for Partnership liabilities (contingent or otherwise) and to reflect the unrealized portion of any installment obligations owed to the Partnership, provided that such withheld or escrowed amounts shall be distributed to the General Partner, the Special General Partner and Limited Partners in the manner and order of priority set forth in Section 13.2(a), as soon as practicable.

 

13.3 Return of Special General Partner Capital Contributions.

 

(a) In the event the Advisory Agreement is terminated pursuant to the provisions of Section 17 thereof, the Special General Partner shall receive a distribution equivalent to the Special General Partner Contributions.

 

(b) The amount due under Section 13.3(a) shall be payable by the Partnership immediately upon termination of the Advisory Agreement. The Partnership shall pay interest on unpaid amounts at a rate equal to six per cent (6.0%) per annum.

 

13.4 No Obligation to Contribute Deficit

 

If any Partner has a deficit balance in his Capital Account (after giving effect to all contributions, distributions and allocations for all taxable years, including the year during which such liquidation occurs), such

 

45


Partner shall have no obligation to make any contribution to the capital of the Partnership with respect to such deficit, and such deficit shall not be considered a debt owed to the Partnership or to any other Person for any purpose whatsoever.

 

13.5 Rights of Limited Partners

 

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, each Limited Partner and the Special General Partner shall look solely to the assets of the Partnership for the return of its Capital Contributions and shall have no right or power to demand or receive property other than cash from the Partnership.

 

(b) Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, no Limited Partner shall have priority over any other Partner as to the return of its Capital Contributions, distributions, or allocations.

 

13.6 Notice of Dissolution

 

In the event a Liquidating Event occurs or an event occurs that would, but for the provisions of an election or objection by one or more Partners pursuant to Section 13.1, result in a dissolution of the Partnership, the General Partner shall, within thirty (30) days thereafter, provide written notice thereof to each of the Partners.

 

13.7 Termination of Partnership and Cancellation of Certificate of Limited Partnership

 

Upon the completion of the liquidation of the Partnership’s assets, as provided in Section 13.2 hereof, the Partnership shall be terminated, a certificate of cancellation shall be filed, and all qualifications of the Partnership as a foreign general partnership in jurisdictions other than the state of Delaware shall be canceled and such other actions as may be necessary to terminate the Partnership shall be taken.

 

13.8 Reasonable Time for Winding-Up

 

A reasonable time shall be allowed for the orderly winding-up of the business and affairs of the Partnership and the liquidation of its assets pursuant to Section 13.2 hereof in order to minimize any losses otherwise attendant upon such winding-up, and the provisions of this Agreement shall remain in effect among the Partners during the period of liquidation.

 

13.9 Waiver of Partition

 

Each Partner hereby waives any right to partition of the Partnership property.

 

ARTICLE 14

 

AMENDMENT OF PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT; MEETINGS

 

14.1 Amendments

 

(a)    (i) The General Partner shall have the power, without the consent of the Limited Partners or the Special General Partner, to amend this Agreement except as set forth in Section 14.1(b) hereof.

 

(ii) The General Partner shall provide notice to the Limited Partners and the Special General Partner when any action under this Section 14.1(a) is taken in the next regular communication to the Limited Partners and the Special General Partner.

 

(b) Notwithstanding Section 14.1(a) hereof, this Agreement shall not be amended with respect to

 

(i) any Partner adversely affected without the Consent of such Partner adversely affected if such amendment would:

 

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(A) convert a Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership into a Special General Partner Interest or a General Partner Interest;

 

(B) modify the limited liability of a Limited Partner in a manner adverse to such Limited Partner; or

 

(C) amend this Section 14.1(b)(i).

 

(ii) any General Partner adversely affected without the Consent of General Partners holding more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding Percentage Interests of the General Partners adversely affected if such amendment would:

 

(A) alter or change Exchange Rights;

 

(B) create an obligation to make Capital Contributions not contemplated in this Agreement;

 

(C) alter or change the terms of this Agreement or the Exchange Rights Agreement regarding the rights of the limited partners with respect to Business Combinations;

 

(D) alter or change the distribution and liquidation rights provided in Section 5 and 13 hereto, except as otherwise permitted under this Agreement; or

 

(E) amend this Section 14.1(b)(ii).

 

(iii) the Special General Partner without its Consent if such amendment would alter or change any of its rights under this Agreement.

 

Section 14.1(b)(i) does not require unanimous consent of all Partners adversely affected unless the amendment is to be effective against all Partners adversely affected.

 

14.2 Meetings of the Partners

 

(a)    (i) Meetings of the Partners may be called by the General Partner and shall be called upon the receipt by the General Partner of a written request by Limited Partners holding 25 percent or more of the Partnership Interests.

 

(ii) The request shall state the nature of the business to be transacted.

 

(iii) Notice of any such meeting shall be given to all Partners not less than seven (7) days nor more than thirty (30) days prior to the date of such meeting.

 

(iv) Partners may vote in person or by proxy at such meeting.

 

(v) Whenever the vote or Consent of the Special General Partner or the Limited Partners is permitted or required under this Agreement, such vote or Consent may be given at a meeting of the Partners or may be given in accordance with the procedure prescribed in Section 14.1(a) hereof.

 

(vi) Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, the Consent of holders of a majority of the Percentage Interests held by Partners (including the General Partner) shall control. The Special General Partner shall have the right to veto any decision taken pursuant to this Section 14.2(a)(vi), if such decision could reasonably be expected to adversely affect the Special General Partner Interest or any of its rights under this Agreement.

 

(b)    (i) Subject to Section 14.2(a)(vi), any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the Partners may be taken without a meeting if a written consent setting forth the action so taken is signed by a majority of the Percentage Interests of the Partners (or such other percentage as is expressly required by this Agreement).

 

(ii) Such consent may be in one instrument or in several instruments, and shall have the same force and effect as a vote of a majority of the Percentage Interests of the Partners (or such other percentage as is expressly required by this Agreement).

 

47


(iii) Such consent shall be filed with the General Partner.

 

(iv) An action so taken shall be deemed to have been taken at a meeting held on the effective date of the consent as certified by the General Partner.

 

(c)    (i) Each Limited Partner and the Special General Partner may authorize any Person or Persons to act for him by proxy on all matters in which a Limited Partner is entitled to participate, including waiving notice of any meeting, or voting or participating at a meeting.

 

(ii) Every proxy must be signed by the Partner or an attorney-in-fact and a copy thereof delivered to the Partnership.

 

(iii) No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of eleven (11) months from the date thereof unless otherwise provided in the proxy.

 

(iv) Every proxy shall be revocable at the pleasure of the Partner executing it, such revocation to be effective upon the General Partner’s receipt of written notice of such revocation from the Partner executing such proxy.

 

(d)    (i) Each meeting of the Partners shall be conducted by the General Partner or such other Person as the General Partner may appoint pursuant to such rules for the conduct of the meeting as the General Partner or such other Person deems appropriate.

 

(ii) Meetings of Partners may be conducted in the same manner as meetings of the stockholders of the General Partner and may be held at the same time, and as part of, meetings of the stockholders of the General Partner.

 

ARTICLE 15

GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

15.1 Addresses and Notice

 

Any notice, demand, request or report required or permitted to be given or made to a Partner or Assignee under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed given or made when delivered in person or five days after being sent by first class United States mail or by overnight delivery or via facsimile to the Partner or Assignee at the address set forth in Exhibit A or such other address of which the Partner shall notify the General Partner in writing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the General Partner may elect to deliver any such notice, demand, request or report by E-mail or by any other electronic means, in which case such communication shall be deemed given or made one day after being sent.

 

15.2 Titles and Captions

 

All article or section titles or captions in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only, shall not be deemed part of this Agreement and shall in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope or intent of any provisions hereof. Except as specifically provided otherwise, references to “Articles” and “Sections” are to Articles and Sections of this Agreement.

 

15.3 Pronouns and Plurals

 

Whenever the context may require, any pronoun used in this Agreement shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine or neuter forms, and the singular form of nouns, pronouns and verbs shall include the plural and vice versa.

 

15.4 Further Action

 

The parties shall execute and deliver all documents, provide all information and take or refrain from taking action as may be necessary or appropriate to achieve the purposes of this Agreement.

 

48


15.5 Binding Effect

 

This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their heirs, executors, administrators, successors, legal representatives and permitted assigns.

 

15.6 Creditors

 

Other than as expressly set forth herein with respect to the Indemnities, none of the provisions of this Agreement shall be for the benefit of, or shall be enforceable by, any creditor of the Partnership.

 

15.7 Waiver

 

No failure by any party to insist upon the strict performance of any covenant, duty, agreement or condition of this Agreement or to exercise any right or remedy consequent upon a breach thereof shall constitute waiver of any such breach or any other covenant, duty, agreement or condition.

 

15.8 Counterparts

 

This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, all of which together shall constitute one agreement binding on all of the parties hereto, notwithstanding that all such parties are not signatories to the original or the same counterpart. Each party shall become bound by this Agreement immediately upon affixing its signature hereto.

 

15.9 Applicable Law

 

This Agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the principles of conflicts of laws thereof, provided, however, that causes of action for violations of federal or state securities laws shall not be governed by this Section 15.9.

 

15.10 Invalidity of Provisions

 

If any provision of this Agreement is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not be affected thereby.

 

15.11 Entire Agreement

 

This Agreement contains the entire understanding and agreement among the Partners with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes any other prior written or oral understandings or agreements among them with respect thereto.

 

15.12 Merger

 

Subject to Section 4.2 herein, the Partnership may merge with, or consolidate into, any Person or Entity in accordance with Section 17-211 of the Act.

 

15.13 No Rights as Stockholders

 

Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed as conferring upon the holders of the Partnership Units any rights whatsoever as stockholders of the General Partner, including, without limitation, any right to receive dividends or other distributions made to shareholders or to vote or to consent or receive notice as shareholders in respect to any meeting or shareholders for the election of directors of the General Partner or any other matter.

 

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

49


Signature Page to Agreement of Limited Partnership of Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP,

by and among the undersigned and the other parties thereto.

 

    GENERAL PARTNER:
    LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.
   

By:

 

/ S /    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN


        Name:   David Lichtenstein
        Title:   Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board of Directors
    LIMITED PARTNER:
   

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REIT LLC

   

By:

 

/ S /    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN


        Name:   David Lichtenstein
        Title:   Authorized Person
    SPECIAL GENERAL PARTNER:
   

LIGHTSTONE SLP, LLC

   

By:

 

/ S /    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN


        Name:   David Lichtenstein
        Title:   Authorized Person

 

50


Corporate/Limited Liability Company Additional Limited Partner Signature Page to Agreement of Limited Partnership of Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, by and among the undersigned and the other parties thereto.

 

Dated:                      , 200    

 

[Name of Corporation/LLC]

       

By:

 
            Name:    
            Title:    

 

51


Individual Additional Limited Partner Signature Page to Agreement of Limited Partnership of Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, by and among the undersigned and the other parties thereto.

 

         
            By:    
                Name:

 

Dated:                          , 200    

 

52


Partnership Limited Partner Signature Page to Agreement of Limited Partnership of Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, by and among the undersigned and the other parties thereto.

 

Dated:                      , 200    

 

[Name of LP]

       

By:

 
            Name:    
            Title:    

 

53


Exhibit A

 

Partners’ Contributions and Partnership Interests

 

Name and Address of Partner


   Type of
Interest


   Capital Contribution

  Number of
Partnership Units
(“OPUs”)


   Percentage
Interest


   Security
Interests


Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.

   General
Partnership
Interest
   $200,000   20,000    99.01%     

Lightstone Value Plus REIT LLC

   Limited
Partnership
Interest
   $2,000   200    0.99%     

Lightstone SLP, LLC

   Special
General
Partnership
Interest
   [Amount will equal
the offering expenses
of Lightstone Value
Plus Real Estate
Investment
Trust, Inc.]
  1 Special
Partnership Unit

For each
$100,000
Contributed
   Not applicable     

 

54


Exhibit B

 

Allocations

 

1. Allocation of Net Income and Net Loss . Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, Net Income, Net Loss and, to the extent necessary, individual items of income, gain, loss or deduction, of the Partnership shall be allocated among the Partners in a manner such that the Capital Account of each Partner, immediately after making such allocation, is, as nearly as possible, equal proportionately to (i) the distributions that would be made to such Partner pursuant to Section 5.1, Regular Distributions, and Article 13, Dissolution, Liquidation and Termination, if the Partnership were dissolved, its affairs wound up and its assets sold for cash equal to their Gross Asset Value, all Partnership liabilities were satisfied (limited with respect to each nonrecourse liability to the Gross Asset Value of the assets securing such liability), and the net assets of the Partnership were distributed in accordance with Section 5.1 and Article 13 to the Partners immediately after making such allocation, minus (ii) such Partner’s share of Partnership minimum gain (within the meaning of Regulation Section 1.704-2(d)) and Partner nonrecourse debt minimum gain (within the meaning of Regulation Section 1.704-2(i)(5)), computed immediately prior to the hypothetical sale of assets.

 

2. Special Allocations . Notwithstanding any provisions of paragraph 1 of this Exhibit B, the following special allocations shall be made.

 

(a) Minimum Gain Chargeback (Nonrecourse Liabilities) . Except as otherwise provided in Section 1.704-2(f) of the Regulations, if there is a net decrease in Partnership Minimum Gain for any Partnership fiscal year, each Partner shall be specially allocated items of Partnership income and gain for such year (and, if necessary, subsequent years) in an amount equal to such Partner’s share of the net decrease in Partnership Minimum Gain to the extent required by Regulations Section 1.704-2(f). The items to be so allocated shall be determined in accordance with Sections 1.704-2(f) and (i) of the Regulations. This subparagraph 2(a) is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirement in said section of the Regulations and shall be interpreted consistently therewith. Allocations pursuant to this subparagraph 2(a) shall be made in proportion to the respective amounts required to be allocated to each Partner pursuant hereto.

 

(b) Partner Minimum Gain Chargeback . Except as otherwise provided in Section 1.704-2(i)(4) of the Regulations, if there is a net decrease in Partner Minimum Gain attributable to a Partner Nonrecourse Debt during any fiscal year, each Partner who has a share of the Partner Minimum Gain attributable to such Partner Nonrecourse Debt, determined in accordance with Section 1.704-2(i)(5) of the Regulations, shall be specially allocated items of Partnership income and gain for such year (and, if necessary, subsequent years) in an amount equal to that Partner’s share of the net decrease in the Partner Minimum Gain attributable to such Partner Nonrecourse Debt to the extent and in the manner required by Section 1.704-2(i) of the Regulations. The items to be so allocated shall be determined in accordance with Sections 1.704-2(i)(4) and (j)(2) of the Regulations. This subparagraph 2(b) is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirement with respect to Partner Nonrecourse Debt contained in said section of the Regulations and shall be interpreted consistently therewith. Allocations pursuant to this subparagraph 2(b) shall be made in proportion to the respective amounts required to be allocated to each Partner pursuant hereto.

 

(c) Qualified Income Offset . In the event a Partner unexpectedly receives any adjustments, allocations or distributions described in Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) or (6) of the Regulations, and such Partner has an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit, items of Partnership income (including gross income) and gain shall be specially allocated to such Partner in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate the Adjusted Capital Account Deficit as quickly as possible as required by the Regulations. This subparagraph 2(c) is intended to constitute a “qualified income offset” under Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) of the Regulations and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.

 

(d) Other Chargeback of Impermissible Negative Capital Account . To the extent any Partner has an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit at the end of any Partnership fiscal year, each such Partner shall be specially allocated items of Partnership income (including gross income) and gain in the amount of such

 

55


excess as quickly as possible, provided that an allocation pursuant to this paragraph 2(d) shall be made if and only to the extent that such Partner would have an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit after all other allocations provided for in this Exhibit B have been tentatively made as if this paragraph 2(d) were not in the Agreement.

 

(e) Nonrecourse Deductions . Nonrecourse Deductions for any fiscal year or other applicable period shall be allocated to the Partners in accordance with their respective Percentage Interests.

 

(f) Partner Nonrecourse Deductions . Partner Nonrecourse Deductions for any fiscal year or other applicable period with respect to a Partner Nonrecourse Debt shall be specially allocated to the Partner that bears the economic risk of loss for such Partner Nonrecourse Debt (as determined under Sections 1.704-2(b)(4) and 1.704-2(i)(1) of the Regulations).

 

(g) Section 754 Adjustment . To the extent an adjustment to the adjusted tax basis of any asset of the Partnership pursuant to Section 734(b) of the Code or Section 743(b) of the Code is required, pursuant to Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m) of the Regulations, to be taken into account in determining Capital Accounts, the amount of such adjustment to the Capital Accounts shall be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the basis of the asset) or loss (if the adjustment decreases such basis) and such gain or loss shall be specially allocated among the Partners in a manner consistent with the manner in which each of their respective Capital Accounts are required to be adjusted pursuant to such section of the Regulations.

 

(h) Gross Income Allocation . There shall be specially allocated to the General Partner an amount of Partnership income and gain during each Partnership Year or portion thereof, before any other allocations are made hereunder, which is equal to the excess, if any, of the cumulative distributions of cash made to the General Partner under Section 7.3(b) hereof over the cumulative allocations of Partnership income and gain to the General Partner pursuant to this Section 2(i) of this Exhibit B.

 

3. Tax Allocations.

 

(a) Items of Income or Loss . Except as is otherwise provided in this Exhibit B, an allocation of Partnership Net Income or Net Loss to a Partner shall be treated as an allocation to such Partner of the same share of each item of income, gain, loss, deduction and item of tax-exempt income or Section 705(a)(2)(B) expenditure (or item treated as such expenditure pursuant to Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(i)) (“Tax Items”) that is taken into account in computing Net Income or Net Loss.

 

(b) Section 1245/1250 Recapture . If any portion of gain from the sale of Partnership assets is treated as gain which is ordinary income by virtue of the application of Code Sections 1245 or 1250 (“Affected Gain”), then such Affected Gain shall be allocated among the Partners in the same proportion that the depreciation and amortization deductions giving rise to the Affected Gain were allocated. This subparagraph 3(b) shall not alter the amount of Net Income (or items thereof) allocated among the Partners, but merely the character of such Net Income (or items thereof). For purposes hereof, in order to determine the proportionate allocations of depreciation and amortization deductions for each fiscal year or other applicable period, such deductions shall be deemed allocated on the same basis as Net Income and Net Loss for such respective period.

 

(c) Precontribution Gain, Revaluations . With respect to any Contributed Property, the Partnership shall use any permissible method contained in the Regulations promulgated under Section 704(c) of the Code selected by the General Partner, in its sole discretion, to take into account any variation between the adjusted basis of such asset and the fair market value of such asset as of the time of the contribution (“Precontribution Gain”). Each Partner hereby agrees to report income, gain, loss and deduction on such Partner’s federal income tax return in a manner consistent with the method used by the Partnership. If any asset has a Gross Asset Value which is different from the Partnership’s adjusted basis for such asset for federal income tax purposes because the Partnership has revalued such asset pursuant to Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f), the allocations of Tax Items shall be made in accordance with the principles of Section 704(c) of the Code and the Regulations and the methods of allocation promulgated thereunder. The intent of

 

56


this subparagraph 3(c) is that each Partner who contributed to the capital of the Partnership a Contributed Property will bear, through reduced allocations of depreciation, increased allocations of gain or other items, the tax detriments associated with any Precontribution Gain. This subparagraph 3(c) is to be interpreted consistently with such intent.

 

(d) Excess Nonrecourse Liability Safe Harbor . Pursuant to Regulations Section 1.752-3(a)(3), solely for purposes of determining each Partner’s proportionate share of the “excess nonrecourse liabilities” of the Partnership (as defined in Regulations Section 1.752-3(a)(3)), the Partners’ respective interests in Partnership profits shall be determined under any permissible method reasonably determined by the General Partner; provided, however, that each Partner who has contributed an asset to the Partnership shall be allocated, to the extent possible, a share of “excess nonrecourse liabilities” of the Partnership which results in such Partner being allocated nonrecourse liabilities in an amount which is at least equal to the amount of income pursuant to Section 704(c) of the Code and the Regulations promulgated thereunder (the “Liability Shortfall”). In the event there is an insufficient amount of nonrecourse liabilities to allocate to each Partner an amount of nonrecourse liabilities equal to the Liability Shortfall, then an amount of nonrecourse liabilities in proportion to, and to the extent of, the Liability Shortfall shall be allocated to each Partner.

 

(e) References to Regulations . Any reference in this Exhibit B or the Agreement to a provision of proposed and/or temporary Regulations shall, in the event such provision is modified or renumbered, be deemed to refer to the successor provision as so modified or renumbered, but only to the extent such successor provision applies to the Partnership under the effective date rules applicable to such successor provision.)

 

(f) Successor Partners . For purposes of this Exhibit B, a transferee of a Partnership Interest shall be deemed to have been allocated the Net Income, Net Loss and other items of Partnership income, gain, loss, deduction and credit allocable to the transferred Partnership Interest that previously have been allocated to the transferor Partner pursuant to this Agreement.

 

57


Exhibit C

 

EXCHANGE RIGHTS AGREEMENT

 

THIS EXCHANGE RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”), dated as of                     , 200    , is entered into by and among Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “ Company ”), Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “ Operating Partnership ”), and the Persons whose names are set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto (as it may be amended from time to time).

 

R E C I T A L S:

 

(c) The Company, together with certain other limited partners, has formed the Operating Partnership pursuant to the Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership dated                     , 2004 (as such agreement may be amended or amended and restated from time to time, the “ Partnership Agreement ”).

 

(d) Pursuant to the Partnership Agreement, the Limited Partners (as defined below) directly or indirectly hold units of limited partnership interest (“ Partnership Units ”) in the Operating Partnership.

 

(e) The Operating Partnership has agreed to provide the Limited Partners with certain direct or indirect rights to exchange their Partnership Units for cash or, at the election of the Company, for shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “ REIT Stock ”).

 

Accordingly, the parties hereto do hereby agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I

 

DEFINED TERMS

 

The following definitions shall be for all purposes, unless otherwise clearly indicated to the contrary, applied to the terms used in this Agreement.

 

Assignee ” means a Person to whom one or more Partnership Units have been transferred in a manner permitted under the Partnership Agreement, but who has not become a substituted Limited Partner in accordance therewith.

 

Business Day ” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in New York, New York are authorized or required by law to close.

 

Cash Amount ” means an amount of cash per Partnership Unit equal to the Value on the Valuation Date of the REIT Stock Amount.

 

Exchange Factor ” means 1.0, provided, that in the event that the Company (i) declares or pays a dividend on its outstanding REIT Stock in REIT Stock or makes a distribution to all holders of its outstanding REIT Stock in REIT Stock; (ii) subdivides its outstanding REIT Stock; or (iii) combines its outstanding REIT Stock into a smaller number of shares of REIT Stock, the Exchange Factor shall be adjusted by multiplying the Exchange Factor by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of shares of REIT Stock issued and outstanding on the record date for such dividend, contribution, subdivision or combination (assuming for such purpose that such dividend, distribution, subdivision or combination has occurred as of such time), and the denominator of which shall be the actual number of shares of REIT Stock (determined without the above assumption) issued and outstanding on the record date for such dividend, distribution, subdivision or combination. Any adjustment to the Exchange Factor shall become effective immediately after the effective date of such event retroactive to the record date, if any, for such event.

 

58


Exchanging Partner ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1 hereof.

 

Exchange Right ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1 hereof.

 

Lien ” means any lien, security interest, mortgage, deed of trust, charge, claim, encumbrance, pledge, option, right of first offer or first refusal and any other right or interest of others of any kind or nature, actual or contingent, or other similar encumbrance of any nature whatsoever.

 

Limited Partner ” means any Person, other than the Company, named as a Limited Partner on Exhibit A, as such Exhibit may be amended from time to time.

 

Notice of Exchange ” means the Notice of Exchange substantially in the form of Exhibit B to this Agreement.

 

Offering ” means the offering of the Company’s common stock, par value $.01 per share, pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-11 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Person ” shall mean an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, trust, estate, or unincorporated organization, or other entity, or a government or agency or political subdivision thereof.

 

REIT Stock Amount ” means that number of shares of REIT Stock equal to the product of the number of Partnership Units offered for exchange by an Exchanging Partner, multiplied by the Exchange Factor as of the Valuation Date, provided, that in the event the Company or the Operating Partnership issues to all holders of REIT Stock rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities entitling the stockholders to subscribe for or purchase REIT Stock, or any other securities or property (collectively, the “rights”), then the REIT Stock Amount shall also include such rights that a holder of that number of shares of REIT Stock would be entitled to receive.

 

SEC ” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Specified Exchange Date ” means the tenth (10th) Business Day after receipt by the Operating Partnership and the Company of a Notice of Exchange; provided, however, that if the Operating Partnership has more than 99 partners, as determined in accordance with the provisions of Treasury Regulation Section 1.7704-1(h), then the Specified Exchange Date shall mean the thirty-first (31st) calendar day after receipt by the Operating Partnership and the Company of a Notice of Exchange.

 

Valuation Date ” means the date of receipt by the Operating Partnership and the Company of a Notice of Exchange or, if such date is not a Business Day, the first Business Day thereafter.

 

Value ” means, with respect to shares of REIT Stock, the average of the daily market price for the five (5) consecutive trading days immediately preceding the Valuation Date. The market price for each such trading day shall be:

 

(i) if the REIT Stock are listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”), any other national securities exchange or the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”), the closing price on such day, or if no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices on such day; or

 

(ii) if the REIT Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE, any national securities exchange or Nasdaq, the last reported sale price on such day; or

 

(iii) if no sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices on such day, as reported by a reliable quotation source designated by the Company or if the REIT Stock is not then traded on any market, as determined in good faith by the Company’s Independent Directors (as defined by the Company’s charter).

 

59


In the event the REIT Stock Amount includes rights that a holder of REIT Stock would be entitled to receive, then the Value of such rights shall be determined by the independent directors of the Company acting in good faith on the basis of such quotations and other information as they consider, in their reasonable judgment, appropriate.

 

ARTICLE II

 

EXCHANGE RIGHT

 

2.1 Exchange Right. (a) Subject to Sections 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5 hereof, and subject to any limitations under applicable law, the Operating Partnership hereby grants to each Limited Partner and each Limited Partner hereby accepts the right (the “ Exchange Right ”), exercisable (i) on or after the date that is one (1) year after the closing of the Offering or (ii) upon the liquidation of the Operating Partnership or the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Operating Partnership, to exchange on a Specified Exchange Date all or a portion of the Partnership Units held by such Limited Partner at an exchange price equal to and in the form of the Cash Amount.

 

(b) The Exchange Right shall be exercised pursuant to a Notice of Exchange delivered to the Operating Partnership, with a copy delivered to the Company, by the Limited Partner who is exercising the Exchange Right (the “ Exchanging Partner ”); provided, however, that the Company, on behalf of the Operating Partnership, may elect, after a Notice of Exchange is delivered, to satisfy the Exchange Right which is the subject of such notice in accordance with Section 2.2.

 

(c) A Limited Partner may exercise the Exchange Right from time to time with respect to part or all of the Partnership Units that it owns, as selected by the Limited Partner, provided that, except as provided in the Agreement, a Limited Partner may not exercise the Exchange Right for less than one thousand (1,000) Partnership Units unless such Limited Partner then holds less than one thousand (1,000) Partnership Units, in which event the Limited Partner must exercise the Exchange Right for all of the Partnership Units held by such Limited Partner.

 

(d) An Exchanging Partner shall have no right with respect to any Partnership Units so exchanged to receive any distributions paid after the Specified Exchange Date with respect to such Partnership Units.

 

(e) Any Assignee of a Limited Partner may exercise the rights of such Limited Partner pursuant to this Article 2, and such Limited Partner shall be deemed to have assigned such rights to such Assignee and shall be bound by the exercise of such rights by such Assignee.

 

(f) In connection with any exercise of such rights by an Assignee on behalf of a Limited Partner, the Cash Amount or the REIT Stock Amount, as the case may be, shall be satisfied by the Operating Partnership or the Company, as the case may be, directly to such Assignee and not to such Limited Partner.

 

2.2 Option of Company to Exchange for REIT Stock . (a) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.1, the Company may, on behalf of the Operating Partnership, in its sole and absolute discretion (subject to the limitations on ownership and transfer of REIT Stock set forth in the Company’s charter), elect to assume directly and satisfy an Exchanging Partner’s Exchange Right by exchanging REIT Stock and rights equal to the REIT Stock Amount on the Specified Exchange Date for the Partnership Units offered for exchange by the Exchanging Partner, whereupon the Company shall acquire the Partnership Units offered for exchange by the Exchanging Partner and shall be treated for all purposes of the Partnership Agreement as the owner of such Partnership Units. Unless the Company, in its sole and absolute discretion, shall exercise its right to assume directly and satisfy the Exchange Right, the Company shall not have any obligation to the Exchanging Partner or to the Operating Partnership with respect to the Exchanging Partner’s exercise of the Exchange Right. If the Company shall exercise its right to satisfy the Exchange Right in the manner described in the first sentence of this Section 2.2 and shall fully perform its obligations in connection therewith, the Operating Partnership shall have no right or obligation to pay any amount to the Exchanging Partner with respect to such Exchanging Partner’s exercise of

 

60


the Exchange Right, and each of the Exchanging Partner, the Operating Partnership and the Company shall, for federal income tax purposes, treat the transaction between the Company and the Exchanging Partner as a sale of the Exchanging Partner’s Partnership Units to the Company. Nothing contained in this Section 2.2 shall imply any right of the Company to require any Limited Partner to exercise the Exchange Right afforded to such Limited Partner pursuant to Section 2.1.

 

(b) In the event the Company shall elect to satisfy, on behalf of the Operating Partnership, an Exchanging Partner’s Exchange Right by exchanging REIT Stock for the Partnership Units offered for exchange,

 

(i) the Company hereby agrees so to notify the Exchanging Partner within five (5) Business Days after the receipt by the Company of such Notice of Exchange,

 

(ii) each Exchanging Partner hereby agrees to execute such documents and instruments as the Company may reasonably require in connection with the issuance of REIT Stock upon exercise of the Exchange Right, and

 

(iii) the Company hereby agrees to deliver stock certificates representing fully paid and nonassessable shares of REIT Stock.

 

2.3 Prohibition of Exchange for REIT Stock . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company shall not be entitled to satisfy an Exchanging Partner’s Exchange Right pursuant to Section 2.2 if the delivery of REIT Stock to such Limited Partner by the Company pursuant to Section 2.2 (regardless of the Operating Partnership’s obligations to the Limited Partner under Section 2.1)

 

(a) would be prohibited under the Articles of Incorporation of the Company,

 

(b) if the Company has elected REIT status, would otherwise jeopardize the REIT status of the Company, or

 

(c) would cause the acquisition of the REIT Stock by the Limited Partner to be “integrated” with any other distribution of REIT Stock by the Company for purposes of complying with the registration provisions of the Securities Act.

 

2.4 Payment Date . Any Cash Amount to be paid to an Exchanging Partner shall be paid on the Specified Exchange Date; provided, however , that the Operating Partnership may elect to cause the Specified Exchange Date to be delayed for up to an additional 180 days to the extent required for the Company to cause additional REIT Shares to be issued to provide financing to be used to make such payment of the Cash Amount by the Operating Partnership.

 

2.5 Expiration of Exchange Right . The Exchange Right shall expire with respect to any Partnership Units for which an Exchange Notice has not been delivered to the Operating Partnership and the Company on or before December 31, 2040.

 

2.6 Effect of Exchange . (a) Any exchange of Partnership Units pursuant to this Article 2 shall be deemed to have occurred as of the Specified Exchange Date for all purposes, including without limitation the payment of distributions or dividends in respect of Partnership Units or REIT Stock, as applicable.

 

(b) Any Partnership Units acquired by the Company pursuant to an exercise by any Limited Partner of an Exchange Right shall be deemed to be acquired by and reallocated or reissued to the Company.

 

(c) The Company, as general partner of the Operating Partnership, shall amend the Partnership Agreement to reflect each such exchange and reallocation or reissuance of Partnership Units and each corresponding recalculation of the Partnership Units of the Limited Partners.

 

61


ARTICLE III

 

OTHER PROVISIONS

 

3.1 Covenants of the Company . (a) At all times during the pendency of the Exchange Right, the Company shall reserve for issuance such number of shares of REIT Stock as may be necessary to enable the Company to issue such shares in full payment of the REIT Stock Amount in regard to all Partnership Units held by Limited Partners which are from time to time outstanding.

 

(b) During the pendency of the Exchange Right, the Company shall deliver to Limited Partners in a timely manner all reports filed by the Company with the SEC to the extent the Company also transmits such reports to its stockholders and all other communications transmitted from time to time by the Company to its stockholders generally.

 

(c) The Company shall notify each Limited Partner, upon request, of the then current Exchange Factor and such notice will include a reasonable explanation of the Exchange Factor calculation to be applied at such time.

 

3.2 Fractional Shares . (a) No fractional shares of REIT Stock shall be issued upon exchange of Partnership Units.

 

(b) The number of full shares of REIT Stock which shall be issuable upon exchange of Partnership Units (or the cash equivalent amount thereof if the Cash Amount is paid) shall be computed on the basis of the aggregate amount of Partnership Units so surrendered.

 

(c) Instead of any fractional shares of REIT Stock which would otherwise be issuable upon exchange of any Partnership Units, the Operating Partnership shall pay a cash adjustment in respect of such fraction in an amount equal to the Cash Amount of a Partnership Unit multiplied by such fraction.

 

3.3 Investment Representations and Warranties . By delivering to the Company a Notice of Exchange, each Exchanging Partner will be deemed to represent and warrant to the Company and the Operating Partnership that such Exchanging Partner is aware of the Company’s option to exchange such Exchanging Partner’s Partnership Units for REIT Stock pursuant to Section 2.2 hereof and that:

 

(a) (i) Such Exchanging Partner has received and reviewed

 

(A) a copy of the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement on Form S-11 filed by the Company in connection with the Offering, any prospectus contained in any Registration Statement subsequently filed by the Company, and any supplement or amendment thereto (each, a “ Prospectus ”), and

 

(B) if the Company is filing reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, copies of all reports and other filings (the “ SEC Reports ”), including Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, made by the Company with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder,

 

and understands the risks of, and other considerations relating to, an investment in REIT Stock.

 

(ii) Such Exchanging Partner, by reason of its business and financial experience, together with the business and financial experience of those persons, if any, retained by it to represent or advise it with respect to its investment in REIT Stock,

 

(A) has such knowledge, sophistication and experience in financial and business matters and in making investment decisions of this type that it is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of and of making an informed investment decision with respect to an investment in REIT Stock,

 

62


(B) is capable of protecting its own interest or has engaged representatives or advisors to assist it in protecting its interests and

 

(C) is capable of bearing the economic risk of such investment.

 

(iii) (A) Such Exchanging Partner is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501 of the regulations promulgated under the Securities Act.

 

(B) If such Exchanging Partner has retained or retains a person to represent or advise it with respect to its investment in REIT Stock, such Exchanging Partner will advise the Company of such retention and, at the Company’s request, such Exchanging Partner shall, prior to or at delivery of the REIT Stock hereunder,

 

(I) acknowledge in writing such representation and

 

(II) cause such representative or advisor to deliver a certificate to the Company containing such representations as may be reasonably requested by the Company.

 

(b)    (i) Such Exchanging Partner understands that an investment in the Company involves substantial risks.

 

(ii) Such Exchanging Partner has been given the opportunity to make a thorough investigation of the activities of the Company and has been furnished with materials relating to the Company and its activities, including, without limitation, each Prospectus and the SEC Reports.

 

(iii) Such Exchanging Partner has relied and is making its investment decision based upon the Prospectus/Consent Solicitation Statement relating to the Consolidation and any subsequent Prospectus, the SEC Reports and other written information provided to the Exchanging Partner by or on behalf of the Company and, as applicable, such Exchanging Partner’s position as a director or executive officer of the Company.

 

(c)    (i) The REIT Stock to be issued to such Exchanging Partner hereunder will be acquired by such Exchanging Partner for its own account, for investment only and not with a view to, or with any intention of, a distribution or resale thereof, in whole or in part, or the grant of any participation therein.

 

(ii) Such Exchanging Partner was not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring an interest in the Company.

 

(d)    (i) Such Exchanging Partner acknowledges that

 

(A) the shares of REIT Stock to be issued to such Exchanging Partner hereunder have not been registered under the Securities Act or state securities laws by reason of a specific exemption or exemptions from registration under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws and, the certificates representing such shares of REIT Stock will bear a legend to such effect,

 

(B) the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s reliance on such exemptions is predicated in part on the accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties of such Exchanging Partner contained herein,

 

(C) the REIT Stock to be issued to such Exchanging Partner hereunder may not be resold or otherwise distributed unless registered under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws, or unless an exemption from registration is available,

 

(D) there may be no market for unregistered shares of REIT Stock, and

 

(E) the Company has no obligation or intention to register such REIT Stock under the Securities Act or any state securities laws or to take any action that would make available any exemption from the registration requirements of such laws, except as provided in the Registration Rights Agreement entered into by the Company and the Exchanging Partner (the “ Registration Rights Agreement ”).

 

63


(ii) Such Exchanging Partner acknowledges that because of the restrictions on transfer or assignment of such REIT Stock to be issued hereunder, such Exchanging Partner may have to bear the economic risk of its investment in REIT Stock issued hereunder for an indefinite period of time, although the holder of any such REIT Stock will be afforded certain rights to have such REIT Stock registered under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement.

 

(e) The address set forth under such Exchanging Partner’s name in the Notice of Exchange is the address of the Exchanging Partner’s principal place of business or, if a natural person, the address of the Exchanging Partner’s residence, and such Exchanging Partner has no present intention of becoming a resident of any country, state or jurisdiction other than the country and state in which such principal place of business or residence is situated.

 

ARTICLE IV

 

GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

4.1 Addresses and Notice . Any notice, demand, request or report required or permitted to be given or made to the Operating Partnership, the Company, a Limited Partner or Assignee, as the case may be, under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed given or made when delivered in person or when sent by first class United States mail or by other similarly reliable means of written communication to the Operating Partnership, the Company, a Limited Partner or Assignee, as the case may be, (i) at the address listed on the records of the Operating Partnership, with respect to a Limited Partner or Assignee, and (ii) at 3333 New Hyde Park Road, Suite 100, New Hyde Park, New York 11042, Attn: President, with respect to the Operating Partnership or the Company.

 

4.2 Titles and Captions . All article or section titles or captions in this Agreement are for convenience only. They shall not be deemed part of this Agreement and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope or intent of any provisions hereof. Except as specifically provided otherwise, references to “Articles” and “Sections” are to Articles and Sections of this Agreement.

 

4.3 Pronouns and Plurals . Whenever the context may require, any pronoun used in this Agreement shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine or neuter forms, and the singular form of nouns, pronouns and verbs shall include the plural and vice versa.

 

4.4 Further Action and Additional Restrictions . The parties shall execute and deliver all documents, provide all information and take or refrain from taking action as may be necessary or appropriate to achieve the purposes of this Agreement.

 

4.5 Binding Effect . This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors, legal representatives and permitted assigns.

 

4.6 Waiver . No failure by any party to insist upon the strict performance of any covenant, duty, agreement or condition of this Agreement or to exercise any right or remedy consequent upon a breach thereof shall constitute waiver of any such breach or any other covenant, duty, agreement or condition.

 

4.7 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, all of which together shall constitute one agreement binding on all of the parties hereto, notwithstanding that all such parties are not signatories to the original or the same counterpart. Each party shall become bound by this Agreement immediately upon affixing its signature hereto.

 

4.8 Applicable Law . This Agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof.

 

64


4.9 Invalidity of Provisions . If any provision of this Agreement is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not be affected thereby.

 

4.10 Entire Agreement . This Agreement contains the entire understanding and agreement among the Limited Partners, the Operating Partnership and the Company with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes any other prior written or oral understandings or agreements among them with respect thereto.

 

4.11 Amendment . This Agreement may be amended from time to time with the consent of the Company by a vote of the Limited Partners in the same manner as the Partnership Agreement (in accordance with Section 14.1(a) thereof) may be amended as provided therein, provided, however , that the Company shall vote its limited partnership interests in proportion to the votes of the other Limited Partners.

 

65


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.

 

    THE COMPANY:
    LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.
       

By:

 
            Name:    
            Title:    
    OPERATING PARTNERSHIP:
   

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REIT LP

       

BY:

  LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC., its general partner
               

By:

 
                    Name:    
                    Title:    

 

66


Exhibit A - Exchange Rights Agreement

 

Name and Address of Limited Partner

 

67


Exhibit B – Exchange Rights Agreement

 

Notice of Exchange

 

The undersigned Limited Partner hereby irrevocably (i) exchanges              Partnership Units in Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, in accordance with the terms of the Exchange Rights Agreement, dated as of             , 200     (the “ Exchange Rights Agreement ”), and the Exchange Right referred to therein; (ii) surrenders such Partnership Units and all right, title and interest therein; and (iii) directs that the Cash Amount or REIT Stock Amount (as determined by the Company) deliverable upon exercise of the Exchange Right be delivered to the address specified below, and if REIT Stock is to be delivered, such REIT Stock will be registered or placed in the name(s) and at the address(es) specified below.

 

The undersigned hereby represents, warrants, and certifies that the undersigned (a) has marketable and unencumbered title to such Partnership Units, free and clear, other than any encumbrance arising pursuant to the Partnership Agreement, of the rights or interests of any other person or entity; (b) has the full right, power, and authority to exchange and surrender such Partnership Units as provided herein; and (c) has obtained the consent or approval of all persons or entities, if any, (other than consent or approval that may be required of the Company or the Operating Partnership) having the right to consent or approve such exchange and surrender on the part of the undersigned.

 

The undersigned hereby makes the representations and warranties contained in Section 3.3 of the Exchange Rights Agreement as if such representations and warranties had been set forth in full in this Notice of Exchange.

 

Dated:              
       

Name of Limited Partner (Please Print)

Signature guaranteed by:

       
       

(Signature of Limited Partner)


       
       

(Street Address)

       

(City) (State)                         (Zip Code)

       

If REIT Stock is to be issued, issue to:

       

Name:

 

 

68


Exhibit D

 

Certificate of Limited Partnership

 

69

Exhibit 10.1

 

ESCROW AGREEMENT

 

Trust Company of America

7103 South Revere Parkway

Centennial, CO 80112

 

  Re: LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), will issue in a public offering (the “Offering”) its common stock (the “Stock”) pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-11 (the “Registration Statement”) filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Lightstone Securities, LLC, a Delaware limited liability Company (the “Dealer Manager”), will act as dealer manager for the Offering. The Company is entering into this agreement with Trust Company of America (the “Escrow Agent”) to set forth the terms on which you, as Escrow Agent, will hold and disburse the proceeds from subscriptions from the purchase of Stock in the Offering until such time as subscriptions from non-affiliates of the Company have been received for at least 1,000,000 shares of Stock, resulting in total minimum capital raised of $10,000,000 (subject to any applicable volume discounts) within one year from the date of the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement (the “Required Capital”). Based upon your representation and warranty that you are, and at all times during the term of this agreement will be, deemed a “bank” as that term is defined in Section 3(a)(6) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Company hereby appoints you as Escrow Agent for purposes of holding the proceeds from the subscriptions for the Stock, on the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth:

 

1. Persons subscribing to purchase the Stock will be instructed by the Dealer Manager or any soliciting dealers to remit the purchase price in the form of checks, drafts or money orders (hereinafter called “instruments of payment”) payable to the order of, or funds wired in favor of, “TRUST COMPANY OF AMERICA, ESCROW AGENT FOR LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVEST, INC.” Any checks received made payable to a party other than the Escrow Agent shall be returned to the soliciting dealer who submitted the check. By 12:00 p.m. (noon) the next business day after receipt of instruments of payment from the Offering, the Dealer Manager will send to you: (a) each subscriber’s name, address, number of shares purchased and purchase price remitted, and (b) the instruments of payment from such subscribers, for deposit by you into an interest-bearing deposit account entitled “ESCROW ACCOUNT FOR THE BENEFIT OF SUBSCRIBERS FOR COMMON STOCK OF LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.” (the “Escrow Account”), which deposit shall occur within one (1) business day after you receive such materials. The Escrow Account will be established and maintained in such a way as to permit the interest income calculations described in paragraph 8.

 

2. You agree to promptly process for collection the instruments of payment upon deposit into the Escrow Account. You will hold the deposited funds in the Escrow Account until such funds are disbursed in accordance with paragraph 3 hereof. If any of the instruments of payment are returned to you for nonpayment prior to receipt by you of the Required Capital, you shall promptly notify the Dealer Manager and the Company in writing of such nonpayment, and you are authorized to debit the Escrow Account in the amount of such return payment as well as any interest earned on the amount of such payment.

 

3. (a) Subject to the provisions of subparagraphs 3(b) and 3(c) below, once you have received and collected subscription proceeds in the Escrow Account in collected funds an amount equal to or greater than the Required Capital, you shall promptly notify the Company and, upon receiving written instructions from the Company, (i) disburse to the Company, by check or wire transfer, the funds in the Escrow Account representing the gross purchase price for the Stock, and (ii) disburse to the subscribers any interest thereon calculated pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 8. For purposes of this Agreement, the term “collected funds” shall mean all funds received by the Escrow Agent that have cleared normal banking channels and are in the form of cash. Following such disbursements, the Escrow Account shall close and thereafter you shall forward directly to the Company


upon receipt by you of any subscription documents and instruments of payment received by you from subscribers.

 

(b) If, at the close of business on April 22, 2006 (the “Expiration Date”), you are not in receipt of evidence of subscriptions accepted on or before such date and instruments of payment dated not later than that date (or actual wired funds) for the purchase of Stock providing for total purchase proceeds that equal or exceed the Required Capital (from all sources but exclusive of any funds received from subscriptions for Stock from entities which the Company has notified you are affiliated with the Company or its affiliates), you shall promptly so notify the Company. Thereafter, you agree to request an executed IRS Form W-9 from each subscriber promptly after you provide such notice. Following the date of your receipt of the notice, you shall return directly to each subscriber by your check the collected funds deposited in the Escrow Account on behalf of such subscriber promptly (unless earlier disbursed in accordance with paragraph 3(c) below), or shall return the instruments of payment delivered to you if such instruments have not been processed for collection prior to such time, together with interest in the amounts calculated pursuant to paragraph 8 for each subscriber at the address given to you by the Dealer Manager of the Company. In the event an executed Form W-9 is not received by you from each subscriber within such period, you shall thereupon remit an amount to such subscribers in accordance with the provisions hereof, withholding thirty-one percent (31%) of any interest income on subscription proceeds (determined in accordance with paragraph 8) attributable to those subscribers not furnishing executed forms in accordance with IRS Regulations. However, you shall not be required to remit any payments until funds represented by such payments have been collected by you.

 

(c) If the Company rejects any subscription for which you have already collected funds, you shall, upon the written request of the Company, promptly issue a refund check to the rejected subscriber. If the Company rejects any subscription for which you have not yet collected funds but have submitted the subscriber’s check for collection, you shall promptly issue a check in the amount of the subscriber’s check to the rejected subscriber after you have cleared such funds. If you have not yet submitted a rejected subscriber’s check for collection, you shall promptly remit the subscriber’s check directly to the subscriber.

 

4. You shall notify the Company on a weekly basis (and more frequently if requested by the Company) of the amount of collected funds in the Escrow Account, as well as the activity in the Escrow Account since the last report. For purposes of this Agreement, the term “collected funds” shall mean all funds received by the Escrow Agent that have cleared normal banking channels and are in the form of cash.

 

5. All funds in the Escrow Account, until disbursed to the Company in accordance with paragraph 3 hereof, are to be held for the benefit of the shareholders of the Company and are not to (i) be commingled with the monies or become an asset of the Company, or (ii) be subject to attachment, levy or other encumbrance in any action by a third party against the Company.

 

6. Prior to the disbursement of funds deposited in the Escrow Account in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 3 hereof, you shall invest all of the funds deposited in the Escrow Account in “Short-Term Investments” (as defined below) in compliance with SEC Rule 15c2-4 and you are further authorized and you agree to reinvest all earnings and interest derived there from in Short-Term Investments specified below. In the event that instruments of payment are returned to you for nonpayment, you are authorized to debit the Escrow Account in accordance with paragraph 2 hereof.

 

“Short-Term Investments” include obligations of, or obligations guaranteed by, the United States government or bank money-market accounts or certificates of deposit of national or state banks that have deposits insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (including certificates of deposit of any bank acting as a depository or custodian for any such funds, including, without limitation, such certificates or instruments of American International Bank) which mature on or before the termination of the Offering, unless such instrument cannot be readily sold or otherwise disposed of for cash by the termination of the Offering without any dissipation of the offering proceeds invested.

 

2


The following securities are not permissible investments:

 

  (a) money market mutual funds;

 

  (b) corporate equity or debt securities;

 

  (c) repurchase agreements;

 

  (d) bankers’ acceptances;

 

  (e) commercial paper; and

 

  (f) municipal securities.

 

7. You are entitled to rely upon written instructions you receive from the Company, unless you have actual knowledge that such instructions are not valid or genuine; provided that, if in your opinion, any instructions from the Company are unclear, you may request clarification from the Company prior to taking any action and if such instructions continue to be unclear, you may rely upon written instructions from the Company’s legal counsel in distributing or continuing to hold any funds. However, you shall not be required to disburse any funds attributable to instruments of payment which have not been collected by you, provided you shall use your best efforts to promptly collect such funds after your receipt of disbursement instructions from the Company and shall disburse such funds in compliance with the disbursement instructions from the Company.

 

8. If the Offering terminates prior to receipt of the Required Capital, interest income earned on subscription proceeds deposited in the Escrow Account (the “Escrow Income”) shall be remitted to subscribers in accordance with paragraph 3 and without any deductions for escrow expenses. Each subscriber’s pro rata portion of Escrow Income shall be determined as follows: the total amount of Escrow Income shall be multiplied by a fraction, (i) the numerator of which is determined by multiplying the number of shares of Stock purchased by said subscriber times the number of days said subscriber’s proceeds are held in the Escrow Account prior to the date of disbursement, and (ii) the denominator of which is the total of the numerators for all such subscribers in such account. The Company shall reimburse the Escrow Agent for all escrow expenses. You shall remit all such Escrow Income in accordance with paragraph 3.

 

9. As compensation for serving as Escrow Agent hereunder, you shall receive a fee, as set forth in the Fee Agreement attached hereto.

 

10. In performing any of your duties hereunder, you shall not incur any liability to anyone for any damages, losses, or expenses, except for your willful misconduct, breach of trust, or gross negligence. Accordingly, you shall not incur any such liability with respect to any action taken or omitted (a) in good faith upon advice of your counsel given with respect to any questions relating to your duties and responsibilities under this Agreement, or (b) in reliance upon any instrument, including any written instrument or instruction provided for in this Agreement, not only as to its due execution and validity and effectiveness of its provisions but also as to the truth and accuracy of information contained therein, which you shall in good faith believe to be genuine, to have been signed or presented by a proper person or persons and to conform to the provisions of this Agreement.

 

11. The Company hereby agrees to indemnify and hold you harmless against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements, that may be imposed on you or incurred by you in connection with your acceptance of appointment as the Escrow Agent hereunder, or the performance of your duties hereunder, including any litigation arising from this Agreement or involving the subject matter hereof, except where such losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses result from your willful misconduct, breach of trust or gross negligence.

 

12. In the event of a dispute between the parties hereto sufficient in your discretion to justify doing so, you shall be entitled to tender into the registry or custody of any court of competent jurisdiction all money or property in your hands under this Agreement, together with such legal pleadings as you deem appropriate, and thereupon be discharged from all further duties and liabilities under this Agreement. In the event of any uncertainty as to

 

3


your duties hereunder, you may refuse to act under the provisions of this Agreement pending order of a court of competent jurisdiction and you shall have no liability to the Company or to any other person as a result of such action. Any such legal action may be brought in such court as you shall determine to have jurisdiction thereof. The filing of any such legal proceedings shall not deprive you of your compensation earned prior to such filing.

 

13. All communications and notices required or permitted by this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given when delivered personally or by messenger or by overnight delivery service or when received via telecopy or other electronic transmission, in all cases addressed to the person for whom it is intended at such person’s address set forth below or to such other address as a party shall have designated by notice in writing to the other party in the manner provided by this paragraph:

 

if to the Company:

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

C/O The Lightstone Group

326 Third Street

Lakewood, NJ 08701

Fax: (732) 363-7183

Attn.: David Lichtenstein

 

if to the Dealer Manager:

 

LIGHTSTONE SECURITIES, LLC

460 Park Avenue

13 th Floor

New York, NY 10022

Fax:

Attn.: Edward J. Devereaux

cc: Proskauer Rose LLP

      1585 Broadway

      New York, NY 10036

Attn: Peter M. Fass

Fax: (212) 969-2900

 

if to you:

 

Trust Company of America

7103 South Revere Parkway

Centennial, Colorado 80112

Attn.: Escrow Department

 

Each party hereto may, from time to time, change the address to which notices to it are to be delivered or mailed hereunder by notice in accordance herewith to the other parties.

 

14. This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California as to both interpretation and performance without regard to the conflict of laws rules thereof.

 

15. The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon the legal representatives, successors and assigns of the parties hereto.

 

16. The Company and the Dealer Manager hereby acknowledge that you are serving as Escrow Agent only for the limited purposes herein set forth, and hereby agree that they will not represent or imply that you, by serving as Escrow Agent hereunder or otherwise, have investigated the desirability or advisability of investment in the Company or have approved, endorsed or passed upon the merits of the Stock or the Company, nor shall they use your name in any manner whatsoever in connection with the offer or sale of the Stock other than by acknowledgment that you have agreed to serve as Escrow Agent for the limited purposes herein set forth.

 

4


17. This Agreement and any amendment hereto may be executed by the parties hereto in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original.

 

18. In the event that you receive instruments of payment (or wired funds) after the Required Capital has been received and the proceeds of the Escrow Account have been distributed to the Company, you are hereby authorized to deposit such instruments of payment within one (1) business day to any deposit account as directed by the Company. The application of such funds into a deposit account or to forward such funds directly to the Company, in either case as directed by the Company, shall be a full acquittance to you and you shall not be responsible for the application of such funds thereafter.

 

19. The Escrow Agent shall be bound only by the terms of this Escrow Agreement and shall not be bound by or incur any liability with respect to any other agreements or understanding between any other parties, whether or not the Escrow Agent has knowledge of any such agreements or understandings.

 

20. Indemnification provisions set forth herein shall survive the termination of this Agreement.

 

21. Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, final termination of this Escrow Agreement shall occur on the date that all funds held in the Escrow Account are distributed either (a) to the Company or to subscribers pursuant to paragraph 3 hereof or (b) to a successor escrow agent upon written instructions from the Company.

 

22. The Escrow Agent has no responsibility for accepting, rejecting or approving subscriptions.

 

23. This Agreement shall not be modified, revoked, released or terminated unless reduced to writing and signed by all parties hereto, subject to the following paragraph.

 

If, at any time, any attempt is made to modify this Agreement in a manner that would increase the duties and responsibilities of the Escrow Agent or to modify this Agreement in any manner which the Escrow Agent shall deem undesirable, or at any other time, the Escrow Agent may resign by providing written notice to the Company and until (a) the acceptance by a successor escrow agent as shall be appointed by the Company; or (b) thirty (30) days after such written notice has been given, whichever occurs sooner, the Escrow Agent’s only remaining obligation shall be to perform its duties hereunder in accordance with the terms of the Agreement.

 

24. The Escrow Agent may resign at any time from its obligations under this Escrow Agreement by providing written notice to the Company. Such resignation shall be effective on the date specified in such notice which shall be not less than thirty (30) days after such written notice has been given. The Escrow Agent shall have no responsibility for the appointment of a successor escrow agent.

 

25. The Escrow Agent may be removed for cause by the Company by written notice to the Escrow Agent effective on the date specified in such written notice. The removal of the Escrow Agent shall not deprive the Escrow Agent of its compensation earned prior to such removal.

 

5


Agreed to as of the 22nd day of April, 2005.

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.
By:   / S /    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN

Name:

  David Lichtenstein

Title:

  Chief Executive Officer
LIGHTSTONE SECURITIES, LLC
By:   / S /    E DWARD D EVEREAUX

Name:

  Edward Devereaux

Title:

  President and CEO

 

The terms and conditions contained above are hereby accepted and agreed to by:

 

TRUST COMPANY OF AMERICA
By:   / S /     D OUGLAS D. T HAXTON

Name:

  Douglas D. Thaxton

Title:

  Chief Financial Officer

 

6

Exhibit 10.2

 

ADVISORY AGREEMENT AMONG

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.,

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REIT LP

and

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REIT LLC

 

This Advisory Agreement (this “Agreement”) dated as of April 22, 2005 is among Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “OP”), and Lightstone Value Plus REIT LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Advisor”). The Company and the OP are sometimes referred to herein collectively as the “Advisees” and each individually as an “Advisee.”

 

W I T N E S S E T H:

 

WHEREAS, the Company is a Maryland corporation created in accordance with applicable provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended from time to time (the “Maryland GCL”); and

 

WHEREAS, the purposes of the Company are, as determined from time to time by the board of directors of the Company (the “Board of Directors”), to engage in any lawful business or activity for which a corporation may be created under the Maryland GCL; and

 

WHEREAS, the Company is the general partner of the OP; and

 

WHEREAS, the Company desires, on its own behalf and as general partner of the OP, to avail itself of the experience, sources of information, advice and assistance of the Advisor and to have the Advisor undertake the duties and responsibilities hereinafter set forth, on behalf of and subject to the supervision of the Board of Directors, all as provided herein; and

 

WHEREAS, the Advisor is willing to render such services, subject to the supervision of the Board of Directors, on the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth;

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants herein contained, IT IS AGREED as follows:

 

1. Definitions . Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to them in the Company’s Charter (as herein defined), and the following terms, as used herein, shall have the meanings set forth below:

 

(a) “ Acquisition Expenses ” shall mean expenses related to the Advisee’s selection of, and investment in, real properties and mortgage investments and other investments, whether or not acquired or made, including but not limited to advertising costs, brokerage fees, environmental, engineering and other due diligence expenses, legal fees and expenses, travel and communications expenses, cost of appraisals, accounting fees and expenses, title insurance and miscellaneous other expenses.

 

(b) “ Acquisition Fee ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(i).

 

(c) “ Affiliate ” means a Person who is (i) in the case of an individual, any relative of such Person, (ii) any officer, director, trustee, partner, manager, employee or holder of ten percent (10%) or more of any class of the voting securities of or equity interest in such Person; (iii) any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Person; or (iv) any officer, director, trustee, partner, manager, employee or holder of ten percent (10%) or more of the outstanding voting securities of any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Person. For purposes of this definition,


the term “controls,” “is controlled by,” or “is under common control with” shall mean the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of an entity, whether through the ownership of voting rights, by contract or otherwise.

 

(d) “ Asset Management Fee ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(ii).

 

(e) “ Average Invested Assets ” shall mean the average, at the end of each calendar month during the calendar quarter in respect of which an Asset Management Fee is being calculated, of the aggregate book value of the Advisees’ assets invested in equity interests in and loans secured by real estate, before reserves for depreciation or bad debt or other similar non-cash reserves.

 

(f) “ Board of Directors ” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals hereto.

 

(g) “ Cause ” shall mean (x) fraud, criminal conduct, willful misconduct or illegal or negligent breach of fiduciary duty by the Advisor or a breach of this Agreement by the Advisor; or (y) if any of the following events occur: (i) the Advisor shall violate any material provision of this Agreement, and after written notice of such violation, shall not cure such default within 30 days or have begun action within 30 days to cure the default which shall be completed with reasonable diligence, (ii) the Advisor shall be adjudged bankrupt or insolvent by a court of competent jurisdiction, or an order shall be made by a court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a receiver, liquidator, or trustee of the Advisor, for all or substantially all of its property by reason of the foregoing, or if a court of competent jurisdiction approves any petition filed against the Advisor for reorganization, and such adjudication or order shall remain in force or unstayed for a period of 30 days, (iii) the Advisor shall institute proceedings for voluntary bankruptcy or shall file a petition seeking reorganization under the federal bankruptcy laws, or for relief under any law for relief of debtors, or shall consent to the appointment of a receiver for itself or for all or substantially all of its property, or shall make a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or shall admit in writing its inability to pay its debts, generally, as they become due.

 

(h) “ Change of Control ” shall mean a change of control of the Company of a nature that would be required to be reported in response to the disclosure requirements of Schedule 14A of Regulation 14A promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as enacted and in force on the date hereof, whether or not the Company is then subject to such reporting requirements; provided, however, that, without limitation, a Change of Control shall be deemed to have occurred if: (i) any “person” (within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, as enacted and in force on the date hereof) is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as that term is defined in Rule 13d-3, as enacted and in force on the date hereof, under the Exchange Act) of securities of the Company representing 9.8% or more of the combined voting power of the Company’s securities then outstanding; (ii) there occurs a merger, consolidation or other reorganization of the Company which is not approved by the Board of Directors; (iii) there occurs a sale, exchange, transfer or other disposition of substantially all of the assets of the Company to another entity, which disposition is not approved by the Board of Directors; or (iv) there occurs a contested proxy solicitation of the Shareholders of the Company that results in the contesting party electing candidates to a majority of the Board of Directors’ positions next up for election.

 

(i) “ Charter ” shall mean the Articles of Incorporation of the Company dated as of 30, 2004, as amended from time to time.

 

(j) “ Cumulative Non-Compound Return ” shall mean, for any period for which a calculation thereof is being paid, the percentage resulting from dividing (i) the total distributions paid on each distribution payment date during such period by (ii) the product of (x) the daily average adjusted investor capital for such period and (b) the number of years (including fractional years) elapsed during such period (based on a year of 365 days).

 

(k) “ Election Notice ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(b).

 

(l) “ Funds From Operations ” shall mean net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains or losses from debt restructuring and sales of properties, plus depreciation of real property and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.

 

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(m) “ Funds From Operations Per Weighted Average Share ” shall mean the amount equal to four (4) times the Funds From Operations per weighted average Share for the Company for the quarter in which an Election Notice is delivered, based on and as described in the quarterly report of the Company delivered to its stockholders for such quarter.

 

(n) “ GAAP ” shall mean United States generally accepted accounting principals, consistently applied.

 

(o) “ Good Reason ” shall mean, with respect to the termination of this Agreement, (x) any failure to obtain a satisfactory agreement from any successor to an Advisee to assume and agree to perform such Advisee’s obligations under this Agreement; or (y) any material breach of this Agreement of any nature whatsoever by an Advisee.

 

(p) “ Independent Director ” shall have the meaning set forth in the By-laws of the Company, as amended from time to time.

 

(q) “ Initial Term ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 17(a).

 

(r) “ Partnership Agreement ” shall mean the Agreement of Limited Partnership of the OP dated as of 30, 2004, as amended and restated from time to time.

 

(s) “ Person ” shall mean an individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, company (whether of limited liability or otherwise), trust, bank or other entity, or government or any agency or political subdivision of a government.

 

(t) “ Preferred Return ” shall mean the receipt by the stockholders of the Company of (i) a Cumulative Non-Compound Return of 7% per year on such stockholders’ net investment, and (ii) the amount of such net investment.

 

(u) “ Prospectus ” shall mean the final prospectus of the Company in connection with the initial registration of the Shares filed with the SEC on Form S-11, as amended and supplemented from time to time.

 

(v) “ SEC ” shall mean the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

(w) “ Share ” shall mean a share of the Common Stock, par value $0.01, of the Company.

 

(x) “ Special General Partner ” shall have the meaning set forth in the Partnership Agreement.

 

(y) “ Special Liquidation Distribution ” shall mean the liquidation distributions received by the Special General Partner pursuant to Section 13.2 of the Partnership Agreement.

 

(aa) “ Total Operating Expenses ” of a Person means the aggregate of all expenses paid or incurred by such Person, but excluding organization and offering expenses, interest payments, taxes, non-cash expenditures, any Acquisition Fee or other acquisition expenses.

 

2. Duties of Advisor . The Company, on its own behalf, and as general partner of the OP, hereby retains and appoints the Advisor as the advisor of the Company and the OP to perform the services hereinafter set forth, and the Advisor hereby accepts such appointment, all subject to the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth. In the performance of this undertaking, subject to the supervision of the Board of Directors and consistent with the provisions of the Company’s Charter and the Agreement of Limited Partnership of the OP (the “Partnership Agreement”), the Advisor shall devote sufficient resources to the administration of the Company to discharge is obligations hereunder and shall:

 

a. obtain for the Advisees, furnish and/or supervise the services necessary to perform any ministerial functions in connection with the management of the day-to-day operations of the Advisees;

 

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b. use its best efforts to seek out, present and recommend to the Advisees, whether through its own efforts or those of third parties retained by it, suitable investment opportunities that are consistent with the Advisees’ respective investment objectives and policies and acquisition strategy and objectives, as adopted by the Board of Directors from time to time, and negotiate on behalf of the Advisees with respect to potential investments or the disposition thereof;

 

c. exercise absolute discretion, subject to the Board of Directors’ review, in decisions to originate, acquire, retain or sell real properties, provided , that , the Advisor may acquire on behalf of the Advisees any real property with purchase price that is less than $15,000,000, or finance such an acquisition on the Advisees’ behalf, without the prior approval of the Board of Directors if and to the extent that:

 

i. the proposed acquisition or financing would not, if consummated, violate or conflict with the investment guidelines of the Advisees as set forth in the Prospectus;

 

ii. the proposed acquisition or financing would not, if consummated, violate the restriction set forth in section 2(f) below; and

 

iii. the consideration proposed to be paid for such real property does not exceed the fair market value of such property, as determined by a qualified independent real estate appraiser selected in good faith by the Advisor and acceptable to the Independent Directors;

 

d. recommend investment opportunities consistent with the Advisees’ respective investment objectives and policies and negotiate on behalf of the Advisees with respect to potential investments or the disposition thereof;

 

e. structure the terms and conditions pursuant to which acquisitions of properties will be made, subject to the Board of Directors’ review;

 

f. arrange for financing and refinancing of properties, subject to the Board of Directors’ prior approval if such financing or refinancing, when consummated causes the total leverage on each such property or on all such properties in the aggregate to exceed 75% of such property’s or properties’, as the case may be, fair market value;

 

g. obtain for the Advisees such other services as may be required in acquiring or disposing of investments, disbursing and collecting the funds of the Advisees, paying the debts and fulfilling the obligations of the Advisees, and handling, prosecuting and settling any claims of the Advisees;

 

h. obtain for the Advisees such services as may be required for property management, leasing, mortgage brokerage and servicing, and other activities relating to the investment portfolio of the Advisees;

 

i. supervise the servicing of the Advisees’ loan portfolios;

 

j. administer the Advisee’s respective bookkeeping and accounting functions, and prepare, or cause to be prepared, statements and other relevant information for distribution to stockholders or partners, as the case may be, including annual and quarterly reports and any filings required by regulatory authorities;

 

k. monitor operations and expenses of the Advisees;

 

l. from time to time, or as requested by the Board of Directors, make reports to the Advisees as to its performance of the foregoing services;

 

m. perform any other powers of the Board of Directors or the Company (as general partner of the OP) which (with respect to the Company) are set forth in the Charter and the Partnership Agreement, as applicable, which may be delegated to it by the Board of Directors from time to time;

 

n. render such other services as the Board of Directors deems appropriate; and

 

o. do all things necessary to assure its ability to render the services contemplated herein.

 

3. Fiduciary Relationship . The Advisor, as a result of its relationship with the Advisees pursuant to this Agreement, stands in a fiduciary relationship with the stockholders of the Company and the partners of the OP.

 

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4. No Partnership or Joint Venture . The Advisees and the Advisor are not partners or joint venturers with each other and nothing herein shall be construed to make them partners or joint venturers or impose any liability as such on either of them.

 

5. Records . At all times, the Advisor shall keep books of account and records relating to services performed hereunder, which books of account and records shall be accessible for inspection by the Advisees and the Advisee’s appointees at any time during the ordinary business hours of the Advisor.

 

6. REIT Qualification; Other Limitations on Advisor Actions . Anything else in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, the Advisor shall refrain from any action which, in its sole judgment made in good faith, or, in the judgment of the Board of Directors provided that the Board of Directors give the Advisor written notice to such effect, would (a) adversely affect the status of the Company as a real estate investment trust pursuant to Section 856 of the Code; (b) cause the Advisees to be classified as an “investment company” for purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (c) cause the OP to be classified other than as a partnership for purposes of the Code; (d) violate any law, rule, regulation or statement of policy of any governmental body or agency having jurisdiction over the Advisees or over their securities, or (e) be prohibited by the Company’s Charter or the Partnership Agreement of the OP.

 

7. Bank Accounts . The Advisor may establish and maintain one or more bank accounts in the name of the Advisees or in its own name as agent for the Advisees and may collect and deposit in and disburse from any such account, any money on behalf of the Advisees, under such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors may approve, provided that no funds in such account shall be commingled with funds of the Advisor. From time to time and upon appropriate request, the Advisor shall render appropriate accounting of such collections and payments to the Board of Directors and the auditors of the Advisees.

 

8. Bond . If required by the Board of Directors, the Advisor will maintain a fidelity bond with a responsible surety company in such amounts as may be required by the Board of Directors, covering all members or partners thereof together with employees and agents of the advisor handling funds of the Advisees and investment documents or records pertaining to investments of the Advisees. Such bonds shall inure to the benefit of the Advisees in respect of losses from acts of such partners, employees and agents through theft, embezzlement, fraud, negligence, error or omission or otherwise. The premiums on such bonds shall be paid by the Advisees.

 

9. Information Furnished to Advisor . The Board of Directors shall, at all times, keep the Advisor fully informed with regard to the investment policies of the Advisees, including any specific types of real properties, mortgage investments and mortgage securities desired, and any criteria or conditions established by the Board of Directors as to whether the Advisees will make a particular investment, the capitalization policy of the Advisees (including the policy with regard to the incurrence of indebtedness by the Advisees) and their intentions as to the future operations of the Advisees. In particular, the Board of Directors shall notify the Advisor promptly of their intention to either sell or otherwise dispose of any of the Advisees’ investments, to make any new investment, to incur any indebtedness or to issue any additional shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock of the Company or any partnership interests in the OP.

 

10. Consultation and Advice . In addition to the services described above, the Advisor shall consult with the Board of Directors and shall, at the request of the Board of Directors of the Company, furnish advice and recommendations with respect to other aspects of the business and affairs of the Advisees.

 

11. Fees and Other Compensation of the Advisor .

 

a. The Advisor or its designees shall be entitled to receive from the respective Advisees (except those payable by others as noted below) the following fees and other compensation, which shall be paid to the Advisor by the OP on its own behalf or on behalf of the Company:

 

(i) Acquisition Fee . The Advisor or its Affiliates shall receive an acquisition fee (the “ Acquisition Fee ”) of two percent and three quarters (2.75%) of the gross contract purchase price of each property

 

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acquired by an Advisee, including the amount of any mortgage securing such property, payable by the OP on behalf of the applicable Advisee upon consummation of the investment; provided , that , the Acquisition Fee, together with any and all Acquisition Expenses and other acquisition fees paid to the Advisor or to any third parties, whether or not affiliated with the Advisor or the Advisees, shall not exceed, in the aggregate, six percent (6.0%) of the gross contract purchase price of a particular property, including the amount of any mortgage securing such property. In the event that such acquisition fees and expenses, including the Acquisition Fee, exceed such limitation, the Acquisition Fee shall be reduced by such excess amount.

 

(ii) Asset Management Fee . The Advisor or its Affiliates shall receive an asset management fee (the “ Asset Management Fee ”) in an amount equal to fifty five basis points (0.55%) per annum of Average Invested Assets. The Asset Management Fee is payable quarterly, in arrears at the end of each calendar quarter, in an amount of 0.1375% of Average Invested Assets in the immediately preceding quarter.

 

(iii) Fees for Additional Services . Subject to Section 15 below, the Advisor shall be entitled to receive compensation for any additional services requested from time to time by the Advisees on separate agreed-upon terms, subject to approval by a majority of the Independent Directors as being fair and reasonable to the Company.

 

b. No Property Disposition Fee. The Advisor shall not be entitled to receive any fee in connection with property sold or otherwise disposed of by any Advisee, although independent third parties may be compensated in such circumstances.

 

c. Stockholder/Partner Interests Distributions. The Advisor shall be entitled to receive distributions from the Advisees in respect of any shares of Common Stock of the Company or partner interests of the OP which it holds, along with the other holders of such shares or interests.

 

12. Statements . Prior to the payment of any fees hereunder, the Advisor shall furnish to the Advisees a statement showing the computation of the fees, if any, payable under Section 11 hereof.

 

13. Business Combination of the Company and the Advisor .

 

a. The Company shall have the option at any time, after the initial date of effectiveness of the Prospectus upon prior written notice, during the term of this Agreement without any consent of the Advisor, the Board of Directors or the Company’s stockholders to cause the business conducted by the Advisor (including, in such event, all of its assets) to be acquired by or consolidated into the Company. The Advisor and/or its members or stockholders will receive in connection with such acquisition and in exchange for terminating this Agreement and the release or waiver of all fees (including any fees that have accrued during the term of this Agreement) payable under the provisions of this Agreement until its stated termination, but not paid, that number of Shares determined in accordance with subsection (b) below. The Company will be obligated to pay any fees accrued under this Agreement for services rendered through the closing of such acquisition.

 

b. The number of Shares to be issued by the Company to the Advisor in the event of a transaction of the type described in subsection (a) above shall be determined as follows. The Company shall first send notice (the “ Election Notice ”) to the Advisor of its election to proceed with such a transaction. Next, the net income of the Advisor, for the six month period immediately preceding the month in which the Election Notice is delivered, as determined by an independent audit conducted in accordance with GAAP, shall be annualized. The Advisor shall bear the cost of any such audit. Such amount shall than be multiplied by nine-tenths (0.90) and then divided by the Funds From Operations Per Weighted Average Share. The resulting quotient shall constitute the number of Shares to be issued by the Company to the Advisor or its members or stockholders, with delivery thereof and the closing of the transaction to occur within ninety (90) days of delivery of the Election Notice. Any such transaction will occur, if at all, only if the Board of Directors obtains a fairness opinion from a recognized financial advisor or institution providing valuation services to the effect that the consideration to be paid therefor is fair, from a financial point of view, to the stockholders of the Company.

 

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c. The Company shall not terminate this Agreement solely for the purpose of avoiding such a business combination, such as in anticipation of the listing of the Shares on a national stock exchange or their inclusion in a national market system, including, without limitation, Nasdaq.

 

14. Expenses of the Company .

 

a. The OP, on its own behalf and on behalf of the Company, shall pay all of the Advisees’ expenses. Without limiting the foregoing, it is specifically agreed that the following expenses of an Advisee shall be paid by the OP on its own behalf or on behalf of the Company and shall not be borne by the Advisor unless such expense is a fee or other service for which the Advisor is otherwise receiving a fee from the Advisees:

 

(i) the cost of money borrowed by the Advisee;

 

(ii) all taxes applicable to the Advisee including, without limitation, taxes on income and on assessments of real property;

 

(iii) fees and expenses paid to independent contractors, unaffiliated mortgage servicers, consultants, managers and other agents employed by or no behalf of the Advisee;

 

(iv) Acquisition Expenses and expenses directly connected with the ownership and disposition of real property or other investments, and with the purchase or origination of real property and mortgage investments (including the costs of foreclosure, insurance premiums, legal services, brokerage and sales commission, maintenance, repair and improvement of property);

 

(v) expenses of maintaining and managing real estate equity interests, processing and servicing mortgage and other loans and managing the Advisee’s other investments;

 

(vi) insurance coverage in connection with the business of the Advisee (including officers’, directors’ and partners’ liability insurance);

 

(vii) the expenses of dissolving and liquidating the Advisee or revising, amending or modifying its organizational documents;

 

(viii) expenses connected with payments of dividends or interest or distribution in cash or any other form made or caused to be made by the Board of Directors to the stockholders or partners, as the case may be, of such Advisee.

 

(ix) all expenses connected with communications to stockholders or partners, as the case may be, and other bookkeeping and clerical work necessary in maintaining relations with the stockholders or partners, as the case may be, including the cost of printing and mailing certificates for securities, proxy solicitation materials and reports to holders of the Advisee’s securities;

 

(x) the cost of any accounting, statistical or bookkeeping equipment necessary for the maintenance of the books and records of the Advisee;

 

(xi) transfer agent’s and registrar’s fees and charges; and

 

(xii) other legal, accounting and auditing fees and expenses as well as any costs incurred in connection with any litigation in which the Advisee is involved and the examination, investigation or other proceedings conducted by any regulatory agency with respect to the Advisee.

 

b. The Advisor shall bear the expenses it incurs in connection with performing its duties under the advisory agreement. These include salaries and fringe benefits of its directors and officers and travel and other administrative expenses of its directors or officers.

 

c. The OP shall reimburse the Advisor and its Affiliates on its own behalf or on behalf of the Company for (i) advertising expenses, expense reimbursements, and legal and accounting fees; (ii) the actual cost of goods and materials used by the Advisees and obtained from entities not affiliated with the Advisor; (iii) administrative services (including personnel costs; provided, however, that no reimbursement shall be made

 

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for costs of personnel to the extent that such personnel perform services in transactions for which the Advisor receives a separate fee); (iv) acquisition expenses, which include travel and expenses related to the selection and acquisition of properties, for goods and services provided by the Advisor; (v) rent, leasehold improvement costs, utilities or other administrative items generally constituting Advisor’s overhead; and (vi) expenses related to negotiating and servicing mortgage loans. In no event shall the OP reimburse the Advisor for any services for which the Advisor shall receive a separate fee. The amounts charged to an Advisee for services performed shall not exceed the lesser of (a) the actual cost of such services, or (b) the amount which such Advisee would be required to pay to independent parties for comparable services.

 

d. Notwithstanding the foregoing, reimbursements of expenses and payment of fees under this Agreement will be subject to approval by the Board of Directors (including the approval of the majority of Independent Directors).

 

15. Reimbursement by Advisor . For any year which the Company qualifies as a real estate investment trust under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the Advisor shall be obligated to reimburse the Advisees for the amounts, if any, by which the sum of Advisees’ Total Operating Expenses and Asset Management Fees paid during the immediately prior fiscal year exceed the greater of (i) 2.0% of the Company’s and the OP’s Average Invested Assets during the four quarters of such fiscal year, or (ii) 25.0% of the Company’s and the OP’s net income for such fiscal year; provided , however , that the Board of Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) may require a lower amount which the Advisor shall be obligated to reimburse the Company, upon a determination that such lower reimbursement amount is justified in light of such unanticipated, unusual or non-recurring factors which may have occurred within sixty (60) days after the end of the quarter for which the excess occurred, and there shall be sent to the stockholders of the Company a written disclosure of such determination, together with an explanation of the factors the Board of Directors considered in arriving at the conclusion that the higher Total Operating Expenses were justified.

 

16. Other Activities of Advisor .

 

(a) Except as set forth in this Section 16, nothing in this Agreement shall prevent the Advisor or any of its Affiliates from engaging in other business activities related to real estate, mortgage investments or other investments whether similar or dissimilar to those made by any of the Advisees or from acting as advisor to any other person or entity having investment policies whether similar or dissimilar to those of the Company or the OP (including other REITs or partnerships); provided , that , before the Advisor and all Persons controlled by the Advisor may take advantage of an opportunity for their own account or present or recommend it to others, they are obligated to present an investment opportunity to an Advisee if (i) such opportunity is compatible with such Advisee’s investment objectives and policies (including such Advisee’s requirements relating to all pertinent factors, including diversification, property type and location), (ii) such opportunity is of a character which could be taken by such Advisee, and (iii) the Advisee has the financial resources to take advantage of such opportunity. In furtherance, and not in limitation, of the immediately preceding sentence, neither the Advisor nor any Affiliate of the Advisor may make any investment in residential, retail, industrial and office properties where the investment objective is substantially similar to the investment objectives of the Advisees until such time as seventy five percent (75.0%) of the total gross proceeds from the offering of the Company’s shares offered for sale pursuant to a registration statement on form S-11 filed with the SEC, following final closing of such offering, have been invested or committed for investment in such properties.

 

(b) The Advisor will use its best efforts to present suitable investments to the Advisees consistent with their investment procedures, objectives and policies. If the Advisor or any of its Affiliates is presented with a potential investment in a property which might be made by more than one investment entity which it advises or manages, the decision as to the suitability of the property for investment by a particular entity will be based upon a review of the investment portfolio of each entity and upon factors such as: (i) cash flow from the property; (ii) the effect of the acquisition of the property on the diversification of each entity’s portfolio; (iii) rental payments during any renewal period; (iv) the amount of equity required to make the

 

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investment; (v) the policies of each entity relating to leverage; (vi) the funds of each entity available for investment; and (vii) the length of time the funds have been available for investment and the manner in which the potential investment can be structured by each entity. To the extent that a particular property might be determined to be suitable for more than one investment entity, priority generally will be given to the investment entity having uninvested funds for the longest period of time.

 

17. Term; Termination of Agreement. This Agreement shall continue in force for a period of one year from the date hereof (the “Initial Term”) and thereafter it may be renewed from year to year by written consent of the parties hereto. Notwithstanding any other provision to the contrary, this Agreement may be terminable by the Advisor or by the Advisees (upon determination of the majority of the Independent Directors) at any time upon 60 days’ prior written notice to the non-terminating party. In the event of the termination of this Agreement, the Advisor will cooperate with the Advisees and take all reasonable steps requested to assist the Advisees in making an orderly transition of the advisory function.

 

18. [RESERVED]

 

19. Amendments . This Agreement shall not be changed, modified, terminated or discharged in whole or in part except by an instrument in writing signed by all parties hereto, or their respective successors or permitted assigns, or otherwise as provided herein.

 

20. Assignment . This Agreement may not be assigned by the Advisor, except to an Affiliate of the Advisor, and then only upon the consent of the Advisees and the approval of a majority of the Independent Directors. Any assignee of the Advisor shall be bound hereunder to the same extent as the Advisor. This Agreement shall not be assigned by any Advisee without the written consent of the Advisor, except to a corporation, association, trust or other organization which is a successor to such Advisee. Such successor shall be bound hereunder to the same extent as such Advisee. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the economic rights of the Advisor hereunder, including the right to receive all compensation hereunder, may be sold, transferred or assigned by the Advisor without the consent of the Advisees.

 

21. Action Upon Termination. From and after the effective date of termination of this Agreement, pursuant to Section 17 hereof, the Advisor shall not be entitled to compensation for further service rendered hereunder but shall be paid all compensation and reimbursed for all expenses accrued through the date of termination within thirty (30) days of such termination. The Advisor shall forthwith upon such termination:

 

(a) Pay over to the Advisees all moneys collected and held for the account of such Advisees pursuant to this Agreement, after deducting any accrued compensation and reimbursement for its expenses to which it is then entitled;

 

(b) Deliver to the Advisees a full accounting, including a statement showing all payments collected by it and a statement of all moneys held by it, covering the period following the date of the last accounting furnished to the Advisees; and

 

(c) Deliver to the Advisees all property and documents of the Advisees then in the custody of the Advisor.

 

22. Incorporation of the Charter and the Partnership Agreement. To the extent the Charter or the Partnership Agreement impose obligations or restrictions on the Advisor or grant the Advisor certain rights which are not set forth in this Agreement, the Advisor shall abide by such obligations or restrictions and such rights shall inure to the benefit of the Advisor with the same force and effect as if they were set forth herein.

 

23 . Standard of Care .

 

a. The Advisor assumes no responsibility under this Agreement other than to render the services called for hereunder in good faith, and shall not be responsible for any action of the Advisees in following or

 

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declining to follow any advice or recommendations of the Advisor. Neither the advisor nor its directors, officers, partners, members, and employees shall be liable to the Advisees, or to the stockholders, partners or directors of the Advisees, as the case may be, or to any successor or assignee of the Advisees, except by reason of acts constituting bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct. This shall in no way affect the standard for indemnification but shall only constitute a standard of liability. The duties to be performed by the Advisor pursuant to this Agreement may be performed by it or by officers, members or directors or by Affiliates of the foregoing under the direction of the Advisor or delegated to unaffiliated third parties under its direction.

 

b. The Advisor shall look solely to the assets of the Advisees for satisfaction of all claims against the Advisees, and in no event shall any stockholder, partner or director of the Advisees, as the case may be, have any personal liability for the obligations of the Advisees under this Agreement.

 

24 . Indemnification of Advisor .

 

a. Subject to sections (b)-(d) below, the Advisees shall indemnify the Advisor and its Affiliates for any loss arising out of any of their acts or omissions in connection with this Agreement and the Advisor and its Affiliates will be held harmless for any loss of liability suffered by the Advisees.

 

b. The Advisees shall not indemnify the Advisor or its Affiliates for any liability loss suffered by the Advisor or its Affiliates, nor shall it hold the Advisor or its Affiliates harmless for any loss or liability suffered by the Advisees unless all of the following conditions are met: (i) the Advisor or its Affiliates determined in good faith that the course of conduct which caused the loss or liability was in the best interests of the Advisees, (ii) the Advisor or its Affiliates were acting on behalf of the Advisees or performing services for the Advisees, (iii) such liability or loss or expense was not the result of negligence or misconduct on the part of the Advisor or its Affiliates and (iv) such indemnification or agreement to hold harmless shall be recoverable only out of the net assets of the Advisees and not from the stockholders, partners or members of the Advisees.

 

c. Not withstanding anything to the contrary in subsection b, the Advisees shall not indemnify the Advisor or its Affiliates or any persons acting as a broker-dealer for any losses, liabilities or expenses arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws by such party unless one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations as to the particular Indemnitee, (ii) such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the particular Indemnitee or (iii) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against a particular Indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and related costs should be made, and the court considering the matter has been advised of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the published position of any state securities regulatory authority as to indemnification for violations of securities law.

 

d. The Advisees will advance amounts to the Advisor or its Affiliates for legal expenses and other costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which indemnification is being sought is permissible only if all of the following conditions are satisfied: (i) the legal action relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on behalf of the Advisees, (ii) the legal action is initiated by a third party who is not a Stockholder or is initiated by a Stockholder acting in his or her capacity as such and a court of competent jurisdiction specifically approves the advancement and (iii) the Advisor or its Affiliates undertake in writing to repay the advanced funds to the Advisees, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, in cases in which such the Advisor or its Affiliates are found not to be entitled to indemnification.

 

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25. Notices . Any notice, report or other communication required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be in writing, and shall be given by delivering such notice by hand or by certified mail, return receipt requested, postage pre-paid, at the following addresses of the parties hereto:

 

Advisees :

 

The Company :

 

Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.

326 Third Street

Lakewood, New Jersey 08701

Attn:   David Lichtenstein

           Chief Executive Officer

 

With a copy to:

 

Proskauer Rose LLP

1585 Broadway

New York, New York 10036

Attention: Peter M. Fass, Esq.

 

The OP

 

Lightstone Value Plus Reit LP

[ 326 Third Street

Lakewood, New Jersey 08701]

 

With a copy to:

 

Proskauer Rose LLP

1585 Broadway

New York, New York 10036

Attention: Peter M. Fass, Esq.

 

The Advisor :

 

Lightstone Value Plus Reit LLC

326 Third Street

Lakewood, New Jersey 08701

Attn:   David Lichtenstein

           Chief Executive Officer

 

With a copy to:

 

Proskauer Rose LLP

1585 Broadway

New York, New York 10036

Attention: Peter M. Fass, Esq.

 

Any party may at any time change its address for the purpose of this Section 25 by like notice.

 

26. Headings . The section headings herein have been inserted for convenience of reference only and shall not be construed to affect the meaning, construction or effect of this Agreement.

 

27. No Waivers . Neither the failure nor any delay on the party of a party to exercise any right, remedy, power or privilege under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise

 

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of any right, remedy, power or privilege preclude any other or further exercise of the same or of any other right, remedy, power or privilege, nor shall any waiver of any right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any occurrence be construed as a waiver of such right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any other occurrences. No waiver shall be effective unless it is in writing and is signed by the party asserted to have granted such waiver.

 

28. Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, and all of which shall together constitute one and the same instrument.

 

29. Entire Agreement . This Agreement contains the entire agreement and understanding among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements, understandings, inducements and conditions, express or implied, oral or written, of any nature whatsoever with respect to the subject matter hereof.

 

30 . Governing Law . The provisions of this Agreement shall be construed and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of New York as at the time in effect.

 

[END OF TEXT]

 

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Exhibit 10.2

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Agreement to be signed as of the day and year first above written.

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

By:

 

/ S /    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN


    Name: David Lichtenstein
    Title: Chief Executive Officer

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REIT LP

By:

 

Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate

Investment Trust, Inc.,

    its General Partner

By:

 

/ S /    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN


    Name: David Lichtenstein
    Title: Chief Executive Officer

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REIT LLC

By:

 

/ S /    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN


    Name: David Lichtenstein
    Title: Authorized Person

Exhibit 10.3

 

FORM OF

 

MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT

 

This management agreement (this “Management Agreement”) is made and entered into as of the 22nd day of April, 2005, by and among LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REIT LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “OP”, and together with the Company, the “Owner”), and LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REIT MANAGEMENT LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Manager”).

 

WHEREAS, the OP was organized to acquire, own, operate, lease and manage real estate properties on behalf of the Company; and

 

WHEREAS, the Company intends to continue to raise money from the sale of its common stock to be used, net of payment of certain offering costs and expenses, for investment in the acquisition or rehabilitation of income-producing real estate to be acquired and held by the Company or by the OP on behalf of the Company; and

 

WHEREAS, Owner wishes to retain Manager to manage and coordinate the leasing of the real estate properties acquired by Owner, and the Manager wishes to be so retained, all under the terms and conditions set forth in this Management Agreement.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound hereby, do hereby agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I.

 

DEFINITIONS

 

Except as otherwise specified or as the context may otherwise require, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below for all purposes of this Management Agreement, and the definitions of such terms are equally applicable both to the singular and plural forms thereof

 

1.1 “ Account ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.3(i) hereof.

 

1.2 “ Affiliate ” means a person who is (i) in the case of an individual, any relative of such person, (ii) any officer, director, trustee, partner, manager, employee or holder of ten percent (10%) or more of any class of the voting securities of or equity interest in such person; (iii) any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with such person; or (iv) any officer, director, trustee, partner, manager, employee or holder of ten percent (10%) or more of the outstanding voting securities of any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with such person. For purposes of this definition, the term “controls,” “is controlled by,” or “is under common control with” shall mean the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of an entity, whether through the ownership of voting rights, by contract or otherwise.

 

1.3 “ Director ” means a member of the board of directors of the Company.

 

1.4 “ Election Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.2 hereof.

 

1.5 “ Funds From Operations ” shall mean net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains or losses from debt restructuring and sales of Properties, plus depreciation of real property and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.


1.6 “ Funds From Operations Per Weighted Average Share ” shall mean the amount equal to four (4) times the Funds From Operations per weighted average Share for the Company for the quarter in which an Election Notice is delivered, based on and as described in the quarterly report of the Company delivered to its stockholders for such quarter.

 

1.7 “ GAAP ” shall mean United States generally accepted accounting principals, consistently applied.

 

1.8 “ Gross Revenues ” means all amounts actually collected as rents or other charges for the use and occupancy of the Properties, but shall exclude interest and other investment income of Owner and proceeds received by Owner for a sale, exchange, condemnation, eminent domain taking, casualty or other disposition of assets of Owner.

 

1.9 “ Improvements ” means buildings, structures, equipment from time to time located on the Properties and all parking and common areas located on the Properties.

 

1.10 “ Independent Director ” shall have the meaning set forth in the by-laws of the Company as in effect from time to time.

 

1.11 “ Management Fees ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1 hereof.

 

1.12 “ Properties ” means all real estate properties owned by Owner and all tracts as yet unspecified but to be acquired by Owner containing income-producing Improvements or on which Owner will rehabilitate income-producing Improvements. Properties shall be classified under four categories, residential, retail, industrial and office properties.

 

1.13 “ Share ” shall mean a share of the Common Stock, par value $0.01, of the Company.

 

ARTICLE II.

 

APPOINTMENT OF MANAGER; SERVICES TO BE PERFORMED

 

2.1 Appointment of Manager . Owner hereby engages and retains Manager as the sole and exclusive manager and agent of the Properties, and Manager hereby accepts such appointment, all on the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth, it being understood that this Management Agreement shall cause Manager to be, at law, Owner’s agent upon the terms contained herein.

 

2.2 General Duties . Manager shall devote its best efforts to performing its duties hereunder to manage, operate, maintain and lease the Properties in a diligent, careful and vigilant manner. The services of Manager are to be of scope and quality not less than those generally performed by professional property managers of other similar properties in the area. Manager shall make available to Owner the full benefit of the judgment, experience and advice of the members of Manager’s organization and staff with respect to the policies to be pursued by Owner relating to the operation and leasing of the Properties.

 

2.3 Specific Duties . Manager’s duties include the following:

 

(a) Lease Obligations . Manager shall perform all duties of the landlord under all leases insofar as such duties relate to operation, maintenance, and day-to-day management. Manager shall also provide or cause to be provided, at Owner’s expense, all services normally provided to tenants of like premises, including, where applicable and without limitation, gas, electricity or other utilities required to be furnished to tenants under leases, normal repairs and maintenance, and cleaning, and janitorial service. Manager shall arrange for and supervise the performance of all installations and improvements in space leased to any tenant which are either expressly required under the terms of the lease of such space or which are customarily provided to tenants.

 

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(b) Maintenance . Manager shall cause the Properties to be maintained in the same manner as similar properties in the area. Manager’s duties and supervision in this respect shall include, without limitation, cleaning of the interior and the exterior of the Improvements and the public common areas on the Properties and the making and supervision of repair, alterations, and decoration of the Improvements, subject to and in strict compliance with this Management Agreement and any applicable leases. Construction and rehabilitation activities undertaken by the Manager, if any, will be limited to activities related to the management, operation, maintenance, and leasing of the Property (e.g., repairs, renovations, and leasehold improvements).

 

(c) Leasing Functions . Manager shall coordinate the leasing of the Properties and shall negotiate and use its best efforts to secure executed leases from qualified tenants, and to execute same on behalf of Owner, if requested, for available space in the Properties, such leases to be in form and on terms approved by Owner and Manager, and to bring about complete leasing of the Properties. Manager shall be responsible for the hiring of all leasing agents, as necessary for the leasing of the Properties, and to otherwise oversee and manage the leasing process on behalf of the Owner.

 

(d) Notice of Violations . Manager shall forward to Owner promptly upon receipt all notices of violation or other notices from any governmental authority, and board of fire underwriters or any insurance company, and shall make such recommendations regarding compliance with such notice as shall be appropriate.

 

(e) Personnel . Any personnel hired by Manager to maintain, operate and lease the Property shall be the employees or independent contractors of Manager and not of the Owner. Manager shall use due care in the selection and supervision of such employees or independent contractors. Manager shall be responsible for the preparation of and shall timely file all payroll tax reports and timely make payments of all withholding and other payroll taxes with respect to each employee.

 

(f) Utilities and Supplies . Manager shall enter into or renew contracts for electricity, gas, steam, landscaping, fuel, oil, maintenance and other services as are customarily furnished or rendered in connection with the operation of similar rental property in the area.

 

(g) Expenses . Manager shall analyze all bills received for services, work and supplies in connection with the maintaining and operating the Properties, pay all such bills, and, if requested by Owner, pay, when due, utility and water charges, sewer rent and assessments, any applicable taxes, including, without limitation, any real estate taxes, and any other amount payable in respect to the Properties. All bills shall be paid by Manager within the time required to obtain discounts, if any. Owner may from time to time request that Manager forward certain bills to Owner promptly after receipt, and Manager shall comply with any such request. It is understood that the payment of real property taxes and assessment and insurance premiums will be paid out of the Account (as hereinafter defined) by Manager. All expenses shall be billed at net cost (i.e., less all rebates, commissions, discounts and allowances, however designed).

 

(h) Monies Collected . Manager shall collect all rent and other monies from tenants and any sums otherwise due Owner with respect to the Properties in the ordinary course of business. In collecting such monies, Manager shall inform tenants of the Properties that all remittances are to be in the form of a check or money order. Owner authorizes Manager to request, demand, collect and receipt for all such rent and other monies and to institute legal proceedings in the name of Owner for the collection thereof and for the dispossession of any tenant in default under its lease.

 

(i) Banking Accommodations . Manager shall establish and maintain a separate checking account (the “ Account ”) for funds relating to the Properties. All monies deposited from time to time in the Account shall be deemed to be trust funds and shall be and remain the property of Owner and shall be withdrawn and disbursed by Manager for the account of Owner only as expressly permitted by this Management Agreement for the purposes of performing the obligations of Manager hereunder. No monies collected by Manager on Owner’s behalf shall be commingled with funds of Manager. The Account shall be maintained, and monies shall be deposited therein and withdrawn therefrom, in accordance with the following:

 

(i) All sums received from rents and other income from the Properties shall be promptly deposited by Manager in the Account. Manager shall have the right to designate two or more persons who shall be authorized to draw against the Account, but only for purposes authorized by this Management Agreement.

 

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(ii) All sums due to Manager hereunder, whether for compensation, reimbursement for expenditures, or otherwise, as herein provided, shall be a charge against the operating revenues of the Properties and shall be paid and/or withdrawn by Manager from the Account prior to the making of any other disbursements therefrom.

 

(iii) By the 30th day of the first month following each calendar quarter, Manager shall forward to Owner net operating proceeds from the preceding quarter, retaining at all times, however a reserve of $5,000, in addition to any amounts otherwise provided in the budget.

 

(j) Tenant Complaints . Manager shall maintain business-like relations with the tenants of the Properties.

 

(k) Ownership Agreements . Manager has received copies of the Agreement of Limited Partnership of the OP and the constitutive documents of the Company (collectively, the “Ownership Agreements”) and is familiar with the terms thereof. Manager shall use reasonable care to avoid any act or omission which, in the performance of its duties hereunder, shall in any way conflict with the terms of the Ownership Agreements.

 

(l) Signs . Manager shall place and remove, or cause to be placed and removed, such signs upon the Properties as Manager deems appropriate, subject, however, to the terms and conditions of the leases and to any applicable ordinances and regulations.

 

2.4 Approval of Leases, Contracts, Etc . In fulfilling its duties to the Owner, Manager may and hereby is authorized to enter into any leases, contracts or agreements on behalf of the Owner in the ordinary course of the management, operation, maintenance and leasing of the Property.

 

2.5 Accounting, Records and Reports.

 

(a) Records . Managers shall maintain all office records and books of account and shall record therein, and keep copies of, each invoice received from services, work and supplies ordered in connection with the maintenance and operation of the Properties. Such records shall be maintained on a double entry basis. Owner and persons designated by Owner shall at all reasonable time have access to and the right to audit and make independent examinations of such records, books and accounts and all vouchers, files and all other material pertaining to the Properties and this Management Agreement, all of which Manager agrees to keep safe, available and separate from any records not pertaining to the Properties, at a place recommended by Manager and approved by Owner.

 

(b) Quarterly Reports . On or before the 30th day of the first month following each calendar quarter for which such report or statement is prepared and during the term of this Management Agreement, Manager shall prepare and submit to Owner the following reports and statements:

 

(i) Rental collection record;

 

(ii) Quarterly operating statement;

 

(iii) Copy of cash disbursements ledger entries for such period, if requested;

 

(iv) Copy of cash receipts ledger entries for such period, if requested;

 

(v) The original copies of all contracts entered into by Manager on behalf of Owner during such period, if requested; and

 

(vi) Copy of ledger entries for such period relating to security deposits maintained by Manager, if requested.

 

(c) Budgets and Leasing Plans . Not later than November 15 of each calendar year, Manager shall prepare and submit to Owner for its approval an operating budget and a marketing and leasing plan on the Properties for the calendar year immediately following such submission. The budget and leasing plan shall be in the form of the budget and plan approved by Owner prior to the date thereof. As often as reasonably necessary during the period covered by any such budget, Manager may submit to Owner for its approval an

 

4


updated budget or plan incorporating such changes as shall be necessary to reflect cost over-runs and the like during such period. If Owner does not disapprove any such budget within 30 days after receipt thereof by Owner, such budget shall be deemed approved. If Owner shall disapprove any such budget or plan, it shall so notify Manager within said 30-day period and explain the reasons therefor. Manager will not incur any costs other than those estimated in any budget except for:

 

(i) maintenance or repair costs under $5,000;

 

(ii) costs incurred in emergency situations in which action is immediately necessary for the preservation or safety of the Property, or for the safety of occupant or other person (or to avoid the suspension of any necessary service of the Property);

 

(iii) expenditures for real estate taxes and assessment; and

 

(iv) maintenance supplies calling for an aggregate purchase price less than $25,000.

 

(d) Returns Required by Law . Manager shall execute and file when due all forms, reports, and returns required by law relating to the employment of its personnel.

 

(e) Notices . Promptly after receipt, Manager shall deliver to Owner all notices, from any tenant, or any governmental authority, that are not a routine nature. Managers shall also report expeditiously to Owner notice of any extensive damage to any part of the Properties.

 

2.6 Subcontracting . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Manager may subcontract any of its duties hereunder, without the consent of the Owner being required, for a fee that may be less than the Management Fees paid hereunder. In the event that the Manager does so contract any its duties hereunder, such fees payable to such third parties may, at the instruction of the Manager, be deducted from the monthly Management Fee payable to the Manager hereunder and paid by the Owner to such parties, or paid directly by the Manager to such parties, in its discretion.

 

ARTICLE III.

 

EXPENSES

 

3.1 Owner’s Expenses . Except as otherwise specifically provided, all costs and expenses incurred hereunder by Manager in fulfilling its duties to Owner shall be for the account of and on behalf of Owner. Such costs and expenses may include reasonable wages and salaries and other employee-related expenses of all on-site and off-site employees of Manager who are engaged in the operation, management, maintenance and leasing or access control of the Properties, including taxes, insurance and benefits relating to such employees, and legal, travel and other out-of-pocket expenses which are directly related to the management of specific Properties. All costs and expenses for which Owner is responsible under this Management Agreement shall be paid by Manager out of the Account. In the event said account does not contain sufficient funds to pay all said expenses, Owner shall fund all sums necessary to meet such additional costs and expenses.

 

3.2 Manager’s Expenses . Manager shall, out of its own funds, pay all of its general overhead and administrative expenses.

 

ARTICLE IV.

 

MANAGER’S COMPENSATION

 

4.1 Management Fees . Manager shall provide the services described in Article II in return for fees (the “ Management Fees ”), which shall be payable by the OP on a monthly basis, and shall equal

 

(a) 5% of Gross Revenues from residential and retail Properties, including all rent-up, leasing, and re-leasing fees and bonuses paid to any person; and

 

5


(b) 4.5% of Gross Revenues for office and industrial Properties. The Manager may charge a separate fee for the one-time initial rent-up or leasing-up of newly constructed office and industrial Properties in an amount not to exceed the fee customarily charged in arm’s length transactions by others rendering similar services in the same geographic area for similar properties as determined by a survey of brokers and agents in such area (customarily equal to up to two months rent).

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, Manager may be entitled to receive higher fees in the event Manager can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the board of directors of the Company (including a majority of the Independent Directors) through empirical data that a higher competitive fee is justified for the services rendered and the type of Property managed. As described in section 2.6 above, in the event that Manager properly engages one or more third parties to perform the services described herein, the fees payable to such parties for such services will be deducted from the monthly Management Fees payable by the OP to Manager, or paid directly by Manager, at Manager’s option. Manager’s compensation under this Section 4.1 shall apply to all renewals, extensions or expansions of leases which Manager has originally negotiated.

 

4.2 Additional Fees . In the event that the Manager provides services other than those specified herein, the OP shall pay to Manager a monthly fee equal to no more than that which the OP would pay to a third party that is not an Affiliate of the Owner or the Manager to provide such services.

 

4.3 Audit Adjustment . If any audit of the records, books or accounts relating to the Properties discloses an overpayment or underpayment of Management Fees, Owner or Manager shall promptly pay to the other party the amount of such overpayment or underpayment, as the case may be. If such audit discloses an overpayment of Management Fees for any fiscal year of more than the correct Management Fees for such fiscal year, Manager shall bear the cost of such audit.

 

ARTICLE V.

 

INSURANCE AND INDEMNIFICATION

 

5.1 Insurance to be Carried.

 

(c) Manager shall obtain and keep in full force and effect insurance on the Properties against such hazards as Owner and Manager shall deem appropriate, but in any event insurance sufficient to comply with the leases and the Ownership Agreements shall be maintained. All liability policies shall provide sufficient insurance satisfactory to both Owner and Manager and shall contain waivers of subrogation for the benefit of Manager.

 

(d) Manager shall obtain and keep in full force and effect, in accordance with the laws of the state in which each Property is located, employer’s liability insurance applicable to and covering all employees of Manager at the Properties and all persons engaged in the performance of any work required hereunder, and Manager shall furnish Owner certificates of insurers naming Owner as a co-insured and evidencing that such insurance is in effect. If any work under this Management Agreement is subcontracted as permitted herein, Manager shall include in each subcontract a provision that the subcontractor shall also furnish Owner with such a certificate.

 

5.2 Cooperation with Insurers . Manager shall cooperate with and provide reasonable access to the Properties to representatives of insurance companies and insurance brokers or agents with respect to insurance which is in effect or for which application has been made. Manager shall use its best efforts to comply with all requirements of insurers.

 

5.3 Accidents and Claims . Manager shall promptly investigate and shall report in detail to Owner all accidents, claims for damage relating to the ownership, operation or maintenance of the Properties, and any damage or destruction to the Properties and the estimated costs of repair thereof, and shall prepare for approval

 

6


by Owner all reports required by an insurance company in connection with any such accident, claim, damage, or destruction. Such reports shall be given to Owner promptly and any report not so given within 10 days after the occurrence of any such accident, claim, damage or destruction shall be noted in the monthly report delivered to Owner pursuant to section 2.5(b). Manager is authorized to settle any claim against an insurance company arising out of any policy and, in connection with such claim, to execute proofs of loss and adjustments of loss and to collect and receipt for loss proceeds.

 

5.4 Indemnification . Manager shall hold Owner harmless from and indemnify and defend Owner against any and all claims or liability for any injury or damage to any person or property whatsoever for which Manager is responsible occurring in, on, or about the Properties, including, without limitation, the Improvements when such injury or damage shall be caused by the negligence of Manager, its agents, servants, or employees, except to the extent that Owner recovers insurance proceeds with respect to such matter. Owner will indemnify and hold Manager harmless against all liability for injury to persons and damage to property caused by Owner’s negligence and which did not result from the negligence of misconduct of Manager, except to the extent Manager recovers insurance proceeds with respect to such matter.

 

ARTICLE VI.

 

TERM, TERMINATION

 

6.1 Term . This Management Agreement shall commence on the date first above written and shall continue until terminated in accordance with the earliest to occur of the following:

 

(a) One year from the date of the commencement of the term hereof. However, this Management Agreement will be automatically extended for an additional one year period at the end of each year unless any party gives sixty (60) days written notice to the others of its intention to terminate this Management Agreement; or

 

(b) Immediately upon the occurrence of any of the following:

 

(i) A decree or order is rendered by a court having jurisdiction (A) adjudging Manager as bankrupt or insolvent, or (B) approving as properly filed a petition seeking reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or similar relief for Manager under the federal bankruptcy laws or any similar applicable law or practice, or (C) appointing a receiver or liquidator or trustee or assignee in bankruptcy or insolvency of Manager or a substantial part of the property of Manager, or for the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, or

 

(ii) Manager (A) institutes proceedings to be adjudicated a voluntary bankrupt or an insolvent, (B) consents to the filing of a bankruptcy proceeding against it, (C) files a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or relief under any similar applicable law or practice, (D) consents to the filing of any such petition, or to the appointment of a receiver or liquidator or trustee or assignee in bankruptcy or insolvency for it or for a substantial part of its property, (E) makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors, (F), is unable to or admits in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due unless such inability shall be the fault of Owner, or (G) takes corporate or other action in furtherance of any of the aforesaid purposes.

 

(c) Upon written notice from the Owner in the event that the Manager commits an act of gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties hereunder.

 

Upon termination, the obligations of the parties hereto shall cease, provided that Manager shall comply with the provisions hereof applicable in the event of termination and shall be entitled to receive all compensation which may be due Manager hereunder up to the date of such termination, and provided, further, that if this Management Agreement terminates pursuant to clauses (b) or (c) above, Owner shall have other remedies as may be available at law or in equity.

 

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6.2 Manager’s Obligations after Termination . Upon the termination of this Management Agreement, Manager shall have the following duties:

 

(a) Manager shall deliver to Owner, or its designee, all books and records with respect to the Properties.

 

(b) Manager shall transfer and assign to Owner, or its designee, all service contracts and personal property relating to or used in the operation and maintenance of the Properties, except personal property paid for and owned by Manager. Manager shall also, for a period of sixty (60) days immediately following the date of such termination, make itself available to consult with and advise Owner, or its designee, regarding the operation, maintenance and leasing of the Properties.

 

(c) Manager shall render to Owner an accounting of all funds of Owner in its possession and shall deliver to Owner a statement of Management Fees claimed to be due Manager and shall cause funds of Owner held by Manager relating to the Properties to be paid to Owner or its designee.

 

ARTICLE VII.

 

BUSINESS COMBINATION OF THE COMPANY AND THE MANAGER

 

7.1 The Company shall have the option at any time, after the initial date of effectiveness of the Prospectus upon prior written notice, during the term of this Agreement without any consent of the Manager, the board of directors of the Company or the Company’s stockholders to cause the business conducted by the Manager (including, in such event, all of its assets) to be acquired by or consolidated into the Company. The Manager and/or its members or stockholders will receive in connection with such acquisition and in exchange for terminating this Agreement and the release or waiver of all fees (including any fees that have accrued during the term of this Agreement) payable under the provisions of this Agreement until its stated termination, but not paid, that number of Shares determined in accordance with Section 7.2 below below. The Company will be obligated to pay any fees accrued under this Agreement for services rendered through the closing of such acquisition.

 

7.2 The number of Shares to be issued by the Company to the Manager in the event of a transaction of the type described in Section 7.1 above shall be determined as follows. The Company shall first send notice (the “ Election Notice ”) to the Manager of its election to proceed with such a transaction. Next, the net income of the Manager, for the six month period immediately preceding the month in which the Election Notice is delivered, as determined by an independent audit conducted in accordance with GAAP, shall be annualized. The Manager shall bear the cost of any such audit. Such amount shall than be multiplied by nine-tenths (0.90) and then divided by the Funds From Operations Per Weighted Average Share. The resulting quotient shall constitute the number of Shares to be issued by the Company to the Manager or its members or stockholders, with delivery thereof and the closing of the transaction to occur within ninety (90) days of delivery of the Election Notice. Any such transaction will occur, if at all, only if the board of directors of the Company obtains a fairness opinion from a recognized financial advisor or institution providing valuation services to the effect that the consideration to be paid therefor is fair, from a financial point of view, to the stockholders of the Company.

 

7.3 The Company shall not terminate this Agreement solely for the purpose of avoiding such a business combination, such as in anticipation of the listing of the Shares on a national stock exchange or their inclusion in a national market system, including, without limitation, NASDAQ.

 

ARTICLE VIII.

 

MISCELLANEOUS

 

8.1 Notices . All notices, approvals, consents and other communications hereunder shall be in writing, and, except when receipt is required to start the running of a period of time, shall be deemed given when delivered in

 

8


person or on the fifth day after its mailing by either party by registered or certified United States mail, postage prepaid and return receipt requested, to the other party, at the addresses set forth after their respect name below or at such different addresses as either party shall have theretofore advised the other party in writing in accordance with this Section 8.1.

 

Owner :

 

Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc.

326 Third Street

Lakewood, New Jersey 08701

Attn: David Lichtenstein

 Chief Executive Officer

 

Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP

326 Third Street

Lakewood, New Jersey 08701

Attn: David Lichtenstein

 

With a copy to:

 

Proskauer Rose LLP

1585 Broadway

New York, New York 10036

Attention: Peter M. Fass, Esq.

 

Manager:

 

Lightstone Value Plus REIT Management LLC

326 Third Street

Lakewood, New Jersey 08701

Attn: David Lichtenstein

 

With a copy to:

 

Proskauer Rose LLP

1585 Broadway

New York, New York 10036

Attention: Peter M. Fass, Esq.

 

8.2 Governing Law . This Management Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

 

8.3 Assignment . Without derogating from Section 2.6 hereof, this Management Agreement may not be assigned by the Manager, except to an Affiliate of the Manager, and then only upon the consent of the Owner and the approval of a majority of the Independent Directors. Any assignee of the Manager shall be bound hereunder to the same extent as the Manager. This Agreement shall not be assigned by either Owner without the written consent of the Manager, except to a corporation, association, trust or other organization which is a successor to such Owner. Such successor shall be bound hereunder to the same extent as such Owner. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the economic rights of the Manager hereunder, including the right to receive all compensation hereunder, may be sold, transferred or assigned by the Manager without the consent of the Owners.

 

8.4 No Waiver . Neither the failure nor any delay on the party of a party to exercise any right, remedy, power or privilege under this Management Agreement shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege preclude any other or further exercise of the same or of any

 

9


other right, remedy, power or privilege, nor shall any waiver of any right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any occurrence be construed as a waiver of such right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any other occurrences. No waiver shall be effective unless it is in writing and is signed by the party asserted to have granted such waiver.

 

8.5 Amendments . This Management Agreement may be amended only by an instrument in writing signed by the party against whom enforcement of the amendment is sought.

 

8.6 Headings . The headings of the various subdivisions of this Management Agreement are for reference only and shall not define or limit any of the terms or provisions hereof.

 

8.7 Counterparts . This Management Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, and it shall not be necessary in making proof of this Management Agreement to produce or account for more than one such counterpart.

 

8.8 Entire Agreement . This Management Agreement contains the entire agreement and understanding among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements, understandings, inducements and conditions, express or implied, oral or written, of any nature whatsoever with respect to the subject matter hereof.

 

8.9 Disputes . If there shall be a dispute between Owner and Manager relating to this Management Agreement resulting in litigation, the prevailing party in such litigation shall be entitled to recover from the other party to such litigation such amount as the court shall fix as reasonable attorneys’ fees.

 

8.10 Activities of Manager . The obligations of Manager pursuant to the terms and provisions of this Management Agreement shall not be construed to preclude Manager from engaging in other activities or business ventures, whether or not such other activities or ventures are in competition with the Owner or the business of Owner.

 

8.11 Independent Contractor . Manager and Owner shall not be construed as joint venturers or partners of each other pursuant to this Management Agreement, and neither shall have the power to bind or obligate the other except as set forth herein. In all respects, the status of Manager to Owner under this Management Agreement is that of an independent contractor.

 

[Signatures appear on next page]

 

10


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Management Agreement as of the date first above written.

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.

By:

 

/ S /    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN


Name:

  David Lichtenstein

Title:

  Chief Executive Officer

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REIT LP

By:

 

Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate

Investment Trust, Inc.,

   

its General Partner

By:

 

/ S /    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN


Name:

  David Lichtenstein

Title:

  Chief Executive Officer

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REIT MANAGEMENT LLC

By:

 

/ S /    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN


Name:

  David Lichtenstein

Title:

  Authorized Person

 

11

Exhibit 10.6

 

This Agreement (this “ Agreement ”) is made as of the 22nd day of April, 2005, by and among Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “OP”), Lightstone SLP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), and David Lichtenstein, in his individual capacity.

 

WHEREAS, the Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. (the “REIT”) intends to hold an initial public offering (the “Offering”) of up to 30,000,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $10 per share, subject to applicable volume discounts;

 

WHEREAS, David Lichtenstein has committed to advance the REIT its offering and organization expenses (the “O&O Expenses”) in an amount of up to ten percent of proceeds from the Offering (the “Offering Proceeds”), in exchange for certain subordinated distributions (the “Subordinated Distributions”) from Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, a Delaware limited partnership and the operating partnership of the REIT (the “OP”), as detailed in the Registration Statement on Form S-11 of the REIT filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 14, 2004, as amended;

 

WHEREAS, the Company is wholly owned by David Lichtenstein and has been formed for the purpose of advancing such O&O Expenses and receiving the Subordinated Distributions;

 

WHEREAS, the OP admitted the Company as a special general partner pursuant to an Agreement of Limited Partnership of Lightstone Value Plus REIT LP, dated as of June 29, 2004 (as amended from time to time, the “Partnership Agreement”); and

 

WHEREAS, the partners of the OP have determined to amend and restate the Partnership Agreement in order to admit the Company as a special general partner rather than as a special general partner, among other things.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual premises, covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound hereby, agree as follows:

 

1. Commitment . The Company agrees to pay, and David Lichtenstein agrees to fund, the O&O Expenses in an amount of up to ten percent (10%) of Offering Proceeds, and in partial consideration of such funding, the Company shall receive the Subordinated Distributions.

 

2. Satisfaction of Commitment . At each closing during the Offering Period, the OP agrees to issue to the Company, and the Company agrees to purchase from the OP, one special general partner interest of the OP for each $1,000,000 in Offering Proceeds received by the REIT at such closing, at a price per unit of $100,000.

 

3. Miscellaneous .

 

3.1 This agreement may be amended only by written instrument duly executed by the parties hereto.

 

3.2 This Agreement will be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York, without regard to its choice of law rules.

 

3.3 This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all of which, taken together, shall constitute one and the same instrument.

 

3.4 If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or a federal or state regulatory agency to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated.


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above.

 

   

/ S /    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN


   

David Lichtenstein

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REIT LP

By:

 

LIGHTSTONE VALUE PLUS REAL ESTATE

INVESTMENT TRUST, INC.,

   

its General Partner

By:

 

/ S /    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN


   

Name: David Lichtenstein

   

Title: Chief Executive Officer

LIGHTSTONE SLP, LLC

By:

 

/ S /    D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN


   

Name: David Lichtenstein

   

Title: Authorized Person

Exhibit 23.1

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS

 

We hereby consent to the use in this Post-effective Amendment No. 1 to Form S-11 of our reports dated February 14, 2005 and May 20, 2005 relating to the financial statements and financial statement schedules of Lightstone Value Plus Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc., which appear in such Registration Statement. We also consent to the references to us under the headings “Experts” and “Selected Financial Data” in such Amendment.

 

Kamler, Lewis & Noreman LLP

 

Great Neck, NY

May 20, 2005

 

Exhibit 24

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

 

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints David Lichtenstein, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all pre- and post-effective amendments to this Registration Statement, and to file the same with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

NAME


  

CAPACITY


 

DATE


/s/ D AVID L ICHTENSTEIN


David Lichtenstein

  

Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board of Directors

  July 14, 2004

/ S / B RUNO DE V INCK


Bruno de Vinck

  

Director

  May 19, 2005

/s/ J OHN E. D’E LISA


John E. D’Elisa

  

Director

  November 18, 2004

/s/ E DWIN J. G LICKMAN


Edwin J. Glickman

  

Director

  February 17, 2005

/s/ J OEL M. P ASHCOW


Joel M. Pashcow

  

Director

  November 23, 2004