As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 27, 2006
Securities Act File No. 2-56978
Investment Company Act File No. 811-2661
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | x | |
Pre-Effective Amendment No. | ¨ | |
Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 | x | |
and/or | ||
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 |
x | |
Amendment No. 41 | x | |
(Check appropriate box or boxes) |
MERRILL LYNCH PACIFIC FUND, INC.*
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
800 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, New Jersey 08536
United States of America
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Registrants Telephone Number, including Area Code: (800) 637-3863
Robert C. Doll, Jr.
Merrill Lynch Pacific Fund, Inc.*
800 Scudders Mill Road
Plainsboro, NJ 08536
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 9011, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-9011
United States of America
(Name and
Copies to:
Counsel for the Fund: Thomas R. Smith, Jr., Esq. Sidley Austin LLP 787 Seventh Avenue New York, New York 10019-6018 |
Denis R. Molleur, Esq. Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, L.P. P.O. Box 9011 Princeton, New Jersey 08543-9011 United States of America |
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)
¨ | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) |
x | on October 2, 2006 pursuant to paragraph (b) |
¨ | on (Date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) |
¨ | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) |
¨ | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) |
¨ | on (Date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485 |
If appropriate, check the following box:
¨ | This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. |
Title of Securities Being Registered: Common Stock, par value $.10 per share.
* | To be renamed BlackRock Pacific Fund, Inc. |
ALTERNATIVES | BLACKROCK SOLUTIONS | EQUITIES | FIXED INCOME | LIQUIDITY | REAL ESTATE |
BlackRock
Pacific Fund, Inc.
Prospectus
October 2, 2006
This Prospectus contains information you should know before investing, including information about risks. Please read it before you invest and keep it for future reference.
NOT FDIC INSURED MAY LOSE VALUE NO BANK GUARANTEE
The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. |
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Table of Contents
Key Facts | 3 | |||||
5 | ||||||
7 | ||||||
Details About the Fund | 9 | |||||
10 | ||||||
17 | ||||||
Your Account | 18 | |||||
27 | ||||||
33 | ||||||
35 | ||||||
35 | ||||||
36 | ||||||
37 | ||||||
Management
of the Fund |
38 | |||||
41 |
For More Information | Back Cover | |||||
Back Cover |
Key Facts
at a Glance
IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS
In an effort to help you better understand the many concepts involved in making an investment decision, we have defined highlighted terms in this Prospectus in the sidebar.
Equity Securities common stock, preferred stock, securities convertible into common stock or securities or other instruments whose price is linked to the value of common stock.
Common Stock securities representing shares of ownership of a corporation.
Convertible Debt Securities a bond that is convertible or exchangeable for shares of common stock of the issuer or of another company.
What is the Funds investment objective?
The Funds investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation primarily through investment in equity securities of corporations domiciled in Far Eastern or Western Pacific countries, including Japan, Australia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea and India.
What are the Funds main investment strategies?
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest 80% of its assets in a portfolio of equity securities of companies located in Far Eastern or Western Pacific countries. For the most part, these securities will be common stock . Many of the companies in which the Fund invests are located in markets generally considered to be emerging markets. The Fund may also invest in convertible debt securities . The Fund invests in companies it believes are undervalued relative to the market. Current income from dividends and interest will not be an important factor in selecting the securities in which the Fund will invest.
What are the main risks of investing in the Fund?
The Fund cannot guarantee that it will achieve its investment objective.
As with any fund, the value of the Funds investments and, therefore, the value of the Funds shares may fluctuate. These changes may occur because a particular market in which the Fund invests is rising or falling. In addition, there are specific factors that may affect the value of a particular security. Also, Fund management may select securities that underperform the markets, the relevant indices or securities selected by other funds with similar investment objectives and investment strategies. If the value of the Funds investments goes down, you may lose money.
The Fund follows an investing style that favors value investments. Historically, value investments have performed best during periods of economic recovery. Therefore, the value investing style may over time go in and out of favor. At times when the value investing style is out of favor, the Fund may underperform other equity funds that use different investing styles.
The value of convertible debt securities performs like that of regular debt securities: if market interest rates rise, the value of a convertible usually falls. Because it is convertible into common stock, the convertible also has the same types of market and issuer risk as the underlying common stock.
The Fund invests most of its assets in foreign securities. Foreign investing involves special risks including foreign currency risk and the possibility of substantial volatility due to adverse political, economic or other developments. Foreign securities may be less liquid and harder to value
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than U.S. securities. Many of the markets in which the Fund may invest are emerging markets. The risks of foreign investing are greater for investments in emerging markets.
The Fund is a non-diversified fund, which means that it may invest more of its assets in securities of a single issuer than may a diversified fund. Because the Fund may invest in a smaller number of issuers, the Fund is more exposed to developments affecting and the risks associated with individual issuers than a fund that invests more widely, which may have a greater impact on the Funds performance.
Who should invest?
Investors should consider their own investment goals, time horizon and risk tolerance before investing in the Fund. An investment in the Fund may not be appropriate for all investors and is not intended to be a complete investment program. The Fund may be an appropriate investment for you if you:
n | Are investing with long term goals |
n | Want a professionally managed portfolio of equity securities of companies located in Far Eastern or Western Pacific countries |
n | Are looking for exposure to Far Eastern and Western Pacific markets as part of your total investment portfolio |
n | Are willing to accept the risk that the value of your investment may decline in order to seek long term capital appreciation |
n | Are willing to accept the risks of foreign investing in order to seek long term capital appreciation |
n | Are not looking for a significant amount of current income |
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The bar chart and table shown below provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Funds performance for Investor B shares for each of the past ten calendar years. Sales charges are not reflected in the bar chart. If these amounts were reflected, returns would be less than those shown. The table compares the average annual total returns for each class of the Funds shares with those of the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) Pacific Region Index, a broad measure of market performance. How the Fund performed in the past (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.
During the ten year period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a quarter was 36.19% (quarter ended December 31, 1999) and the lowest return for a quarter was -18.99% (quarter ended December 31, 1997). The year-to-date return as of June 30, 2006 was 8.74%.
After-tax returns are shown only for Investor B shares and will vary for other classes. The after-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest applicable marginal Federal individual income tax rates in effect during the periods measured and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investors tax situation and may differ from those shown. The after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts or through tax-advantaged education savings accounts.
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Average Annual Total Returns
(for the periods ended December 31, 2005) |
One Year | Five Years | Ten Years | ||||
BlackRock Pacific Fund, Inc. Investor A:(a) |
|||||||
Return Before Taxes(b) |
15.09% | 6.19% | 6.82% | ||||
BlackRock Pacific Fund, Inc. Investor B:(a) |
|||||||
Return Before Taxes(b) |
16.48% | 6.18% | 6.73% | (c) | |||
Return After Taxes on Distributions(b) |
15.90% | 5.25% | 4.70% | (c) | |||
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares(b) |
10.75% | 4.72% | 4.52% | (c) | |||
BlackRock Pacific Fund, Inc. Investor C:(a) |
|||||||
Return Before Taxes(b) |
19.54% | 6.50% | 6.56% | ||||
BlackRock Pacific Fund, Inc. Institutional:(a)(d) |
|||||||
Return Before Taxes(b) |
21.75% | 7.62% | 7.67% | ||||
BlackRock Pacific Fund, Inc. Class R:(e) |
|||||||
Return Before Taxes(b) |
21.25% | 7.38% | 7.28% | ||||
Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) Pacific Region Index(f) |
22.64% | 6.46% | 1.05% |
(a) | Prior to the date of this Prospectus, Investor A shares were designated Class A shares, Investor B shares were designated Class B shares, Investor C shares were designated Class C shares and Institutional shares were designated Class I shares. |
(b) | Includes all applicable fees and sales charges. |
(c) | Investor B shares automatically convert to Investor A shares after approximately eight years. All returns for periods greater than eight years reflect this conversion. |
(d) | The returns for Institutional shares do not reflect the Institutional front-end sales charge in effect prior to December 28, 2005. If the sales charge were included, the returns for Institutional shares would be lower. |
(e) | The returns for Class R shares prior to January 3, 2003, the commencement of operations of Class R shares, are based upon performance of the Funds Institutional shares. The returns for Class R shares, however, are adjusted to reflect the distribution and account maintenance (12b-1) fees and other fees applicable to Class R shares. |
(f) | The MSCI Pacific Region Index, an unmanaged broad-based capitalization weighted index, is comprised of a representative sampling of stocks of large, medium and small capitalization companies in Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand and Singapore. Performance of the index does not reflect the deduction of fees, expenses or taxes. Past performance is not predictive of future performance. |
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UNDERSTANDING
EXPENSES
Fund investors pay various fees and expenses, either directly or indirectly. Listed below are some of the main types of expenses that the Fund may charge:
Expenses paid directly by the shareholder:
Shareholder Fees these fees include sales charges that you may pay when you buy or sell shares of the Fund.
Expenses paid indirectly by the shareholder:
Annual Fund Operating Expenses expenses that cover the costs of operating the Fund.
Management Fee a fee paid to the Manager for managing the Fund.
Distribution Fees fees used to support the Funds marketing and distribution efforts, such as compensating financial advisers and other financial intermediaries, advertising and promotion.
Service (Account Maintenance) Fees fees used to compensate securities dealers and other financial intermediaries for account maintenance activities.
The Fund offers five different classes of shares. Although your money will be invested the same way no matter which class of shares you buy, there are differences among the fees and expenses associated with each class. Not everyone is eligible to buy every class. After determining which classes you are eligible to buy, decide which class best suits your needs. Your financial adviser or other financial intermediary can help you with this decision.
This table shows the different fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold the different classes of shares of the Fund. Future expenses may be greater or less than those indicated below.
Shareholder Fees (fees paid
directly from your investment):(a) |
Investor A | Investor B(b) | Investor C | Institutional | Class R | |||||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
5.25% | (c) | None | None | None | None | ||||||||
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a percentage of original purchase price or redemption proceeds, whichever is lower) |
None | (d) | 4.50% | (c) | 1.00% | (c) | None | None | ||||||
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on dividend reinvestments |
None | None | None | None | None | |||||||||
Redemption Fee(e) |
2.00% | 2.00% | 2.00% | 2.00% | 2.00% | |||||||||
Exchange Fee |
None | None | None | None | None | |||||||||
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that are deducted from Fund assets): |
|
|||||||||||||
Management Fee |
0.60% | 0.60% | 0.60% | 0.60% | 0.60% | |||||||||
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees(f) |
0.25% | 1.00% | 1.00% | None | 0.50% | (g) | ||||||||
Other expenses (including
|
0.28% | 0.30% | 0.30% | 0.28% | 0.27% | |||||||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
1.13% | 1.90% | 1.90% | 0.88% | 1.37% | (g) |
(a) | In addition, certain selected securities dealers or other financial intermediaries may charge clients a processing fee when a client buys or redeems shares. For example, Merrill Lynch generally charges a fee of $5.35 when a client buys or redeems shares. Also, PFPC, Inc., the transfer agent, charges a fee of $7.50 for redemption payments made by wire transfer and $15 for redemption by check sent via overnight mail. See Your Account How to Buy, Sell, Transfer and Exchange Shares. |
(b) | Investor B shares automatically convert to Investor A shares approximately eight years after you buy them and will no longer be subject to distribution fees and will be subject to lower account maintenance fees. |
(c) | Some investors may qualify for reductions in or waivers of the sales charge (load). See Your Account Pricing of Shares. |
(d) | You may pay a deferred sales charge if you purchase $1 million or more and you redeem within 18 months. |
(e) | A redemption fee may be charged on redemptions (by sale or exchange) of Fund shares made within 30 days of purchase or exchange. See Your Account Pricing of Shares Redemption Fee. |
(f) | The Fund calls the Service Fee an Account Maintenance Fee. Account Maintenance Fee is the term used elsewhere in this Prospectus and in all other Fund materials. If you hold Investor B, Investor C or Class R shares over time, it may cost you more in distribution and account maintenance (12b-1) fees than the maximum sales charge that you would have paid if you had bought Investor A shares. |
(g) | The Fund did not pay a portion of its distribution fee during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 for Class R shares due to regulatory fee limits. The Total Annual Operating Expenses have been restated to reflect the entire distribution fee. |
(h) | PFPC, Inc., an affiliate of the Manager, provides transfer agency services to the Fund. The Fund pays a fee for these services. The Manager or its affiliates also provide certain accounting services to the Fund and the Fund reimburses the Manager or its affiliates for these services. |
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Examples:
These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
These examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated, that your investment has a 5% return each year, that you pay the sales charges, if any, that apply to the particular class and that the Funds operating expenses remain the same. These assumptions are not meant to indicate you will receive a 5% annual rate of return. Your annual return may be more or less than the 5% used in these examples. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
EXPENSES IF YOU DID REDEEM YOUR SHARES:
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||
Investor A |
$634 | $865 | $1,115 | $1,827 | |||||
Investor B |
$643 | $947 | $1,226 | $2,022 | (a) | ||||
Investor C |
$293 | $597 | $1,026 | $2,222 | |||||
Institutional |
$90 | $281 | $488 | $1,084 | |||||
Class R |
$139 | $434 | $750 | $1,646 |
EXPENSES IF YOU DID NOT REDEEM YOUR SHARES:
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||
Investor A |
$634 | $865 | $1,115 | $1,827 | |||||
Investor B |
$193 | $597 | $1,026 | $2,022 | (a) | ||||
Investor C |
$193 | $597 | $1,026 | $2,222 | |||||
Institutional |
$90 | $281 | $488 | $1,084 | |||||
Class R |
$139 | $434 | $750 | $1,646 |
(a) | Assumes conversion to Investor A shares approximately eight years after purchase. See note (b) to the Fees and Expenses table shown on the previous page. |
8
Details About the Fund
ABOUT THE PORTFOLIO
MANAGER
Benjamin Moyer is the portfolio manager of the Fund.
ABOUT THE MANAGER
AND THE SUB-ADVISER
The Fund is managed by BlackRock Advisors, LLC and sub-advised by BlackRock Investment Management, LLC. As used in this Prospectus, the term Manager includes the sub-adviser.
T he Funds investment objective is to seek long term capital appreciation primarily through investment in equity securities of corporations domiciled in Far Eastern or Western Pacific countries, including Japan, Australia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea and India.
Outlined below are the main strategies the Fund uses in seeking to achieve its investment objective.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its assets in equity securities of companies located in Far Eastern or Western Pacific countries. This policy is a non-fundamental policy of the Fund and may not be changed without 60 days prior notice to shareholders. The Fund will focus its investments in common stock and convertible debt securities.
The Fund considers a company to be located in a Far Eastern or Western Pacific country if:
n | it is legally organized in a Far Eastern or Western Pacific country; or |
n | the primary trading market for its securities is located in a Far Eastern or Western Pacific country; or |
n | at least 50% of the companys (including any of its subsidiaries) non-current assets, capitalization, gross revenues or profits have been located in Far Eastern or Western Pacific countries during one of the last two fiscal years. |
The Fund invests in companies that it believes are undervalued relative to the market. The Funds methodology for analyzing a companys relative value differs by country and sector. The Fund currently emphasizes companies with mid to large market capitalizations relative to their country and sector. The Funds investments are not, however, limited by a companys market capitalization and the Fund may invest in companies with any market capitalization.
In addition to the main strategies discussed above, the Fund may use certain other investment strategies.
As a temporary defensive measure, the Fund can also invest in other types of securities, including debt securities that are not convertible into common stock, government and money market securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers, or cash (foreign currencies or U.S. dollars). The Fund can invest in these other types of securities in whatever amounts Fund management believes are appropriate in light of the general market, economic or political conditions.
9
Part of the portfolio normally will be held in dollars or short term interest bearing dollar-denominated securities in order to help pay for redemptions. This type of security ordinarily can be sold easily and has limited risk of loss, but earns only limited returns. Short term investments and temporary defensive positions may limit the potential for the Fund to achieve its objective of long term capital appreciation.
The Fund can invest in American Depositary Receipts, European Depositary Receipts, Global Depositary Receipts or other securities convertible into securities of companies located in Far Eastern or Western Pacific countries. These securities are not necessarily denominated in the same currency as the securities into which they can be converted.
The Fund can also invest up to 10% of its net assets in warrants. A warrant gives the Fund the right to buy a quantity of stock. The warrant specifies the amount of underlying stock, the purchase (or exercise) price, and the date the warrant expires. The Fund has no obligation to exercise the warrant and buy the stock.
The Fund may invest in high yield or junk bonds, although it does not presently intend to do so to any significant degree. Junk bonds are debt securities that are rated below investment grade by the major rating agencies or are unrated securities that Fund management considers to be of comparable quality. These securities offer the possibility of relatively higher returns but are significantly riskier than higher rated debt securities. Fund management will invest in these securities only when it believes that they may provide an attractive total return, relative to their risk, as compared to higher quality debt securities.
The Fund may use derivatives to hedge its portfolio against investment, interest rate and currency risks or to seek to enhance returns. Derivatives are financial instruments whose value is derived from another security, a commodity (such as oil or gold), a currency or an index such as the MSCI Pacific Region Index. The derivatives that the Fund may use include but are not limited to options on portfolio securities, stock or other financial index options, stock index futures, financial futures, currency options, currency futures, options on futures, indexed and inverse securities, swaps and forward foreign exchange transactions.
The Fund may also lend its portfolio securities and invest uninvested cash balances in
T his section contains a summary discussion of the general risks of investing in the Fund. As with any fund, there can be no guarantee that the Fund will meet its objective or that the Funds performance will be positive for any period of time.
Set forth below are the main risks of investing in the Fund:
Market Risk and Selection Risk Market risk is the risk that one or more markets in which the Fund invests will go down in value, including the possibility that a market will go down sharply and unpredictably.
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Selection risk is the risk that the securities that Fund management selects will underperform the markets, the relevant indices or the securities selected by other funds with similar investment objectives and investment strategies.
Value Investing Style Risk The Fund follows an investing style that favors value investments. Historically, value investments have performed best during periods of economic recovery. Therefore, the value investing style may over time go in and out of favor. At times when the value investing style is out of favor, the Fund may underperform other equity funds that use different investing styles.
Foreign Securities Risk Securities traded in foreign markets have often (though not always) performed differently from securities traded in the United States. However, such investments often involve special risks not present in U.S. investments that can increase the chances that the Fund will lose money. In particular, the Fund is subject to the risk that because there may be fewer investors on foreign exchanges and a smaller number of securities traded each day, it may be more difficult for the Fund to buy and sell securities on those exchanges. In addition, prices of foreign securities may go up and down more than prices of securities traded in the United States.
Foreign Economy Risk The economies of certain foreign markets may not compare favorably with the economy of the United States with respect to such issues as growth of gross national product, reinvestment of capital, resources and balance of payments position. Certain foreign economies may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments, the imposition of economic sanctions against a particular country or countries, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Investments in foreign markets may also be adversely affected by governmental actions such as the imposition of capital controls, nationalization of companies or industries, expropriation of assets or the imposition of punitive taxes. In addition, the governments of certain countries may prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on foreign investments in their capital markets or in certain industries. Any of these actions could severely affect securities prices or impair the Funds ability to purchase or sell foreign securities or transfer the Funds assets or income back into the United States, or otherwise adversely affect the Funds operations.
Other potential foreign market risks include foreign exchange controls, difficulties in pricing securities, defaults on foreign government securities, difficulties in enforcing legal judgments in foreign courts and political and social instability. Legal remedies available to investors in certain foreign countries may be less extensive than those available to investors in the United States.
Currency Risk Securities and other instruments in which the Fund invests may be denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.
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For this reason, changes in foreign currency exchange rates can affect the value of the Funds portfolio. Generally, when the U.S. dollar rises in value against a foreign currency, a security denominated in that currency loses value because the currency is worth fewer U.S. dollars. Conversely, when the U.S. dollar decreases in value against a foreign currency, a security denominated in that currency gains value because the currency is worth more U.S. dollars. This risk, generally known as currency risk, means that a strong U.S. dollar will reduce returns for U.S. investors while a weak U.S. dollar will increase those returns.
Governmental Supervision and Regulation/Accounting Standards Many foreign governments do not supervise and regulate stock exchanges, brokers and the sale of securities to the same extent as in the United States. Some countries may not have laws to protect investors comparable to the U.S. securities laws. For example, some foreign countries may have no laws or rules against insider trading. Insider trading occurs when a person buys or sells a companys securities based on material non-public information about that company. Accounting standards in other countries are not necessarily the same as in the United States. If the accounting standards in another country do not require as much detail as U.S. accounting standards, it may be harder for Fund management to completely and accurately determine a companys financial condition.
Certain Risks of Holding Fund Assets Outside the United States The Fund generally holds its foreign securities and cash in foreign banks and securities depositories. Some foreign banks and securities depositories may be recently organized or new to the foreign custody business. In addition, there may be limited or no regulatory oversight of their operations. Also, the laws of certain countries limit the Funds ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank, depository or issuer of a security, or any of their agents, goes bankrupt. In addition, it is often more expensive for the Fund to buy, sell and hold securities in certain foreign markets than in the United States. The increased expense of investing in foreign markets reduces the amount the Fund can earn on its investments and typically results in a higher operating expense ratio for the Fund than for investment companies invested only in the United States.
Settlement Risk Settlement and clearance procedures in certain foreign markets differ significantly from those in the United States. Foreign settlement and clearance procedures and trade regulations also may involve certain risks (such as delays in payment for or delivery of securities) not typically associated with the settlement of U.S. investments.
At times, settlements in certain foreign countries have not kept pace with the number of securities transactions. These problems may make it difficult for the Fund to carry out transactions. If the Fund cannot settle or is delayed in settling a purchase of securities, it may miss attractive investment opportunities and certain of its assets may be uninvested with no return earned thereon for some period. If the Fund cannot settle or is delayed in settling a sale of securities, it may lose money if the value of the security then declines or, if it has contracted to sell the security to another party, the Fund could be liable for any losses incurred.
12
Emerging Markets Risk The risks of foreign investments are usually much greater for emerging markets. Investments in emerging markets may be considered speculative. Emerging markets include those in countries defined as emerging or developing by the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation or the United Nations. Emerging markets are riskier than more developed markets because they tend to develop unevenly and may never fully develop. They are more likely to experience hyperinflation and currency devaluations, which adversely affect returns to U.S. investors. In addition, many emerging securities markets have far lower trading volumes and less liquidity than developed markets. Since these markets are often small, they may be more likely to suffer sharp and frequent price changes or long-term price depression because of adverse publicity, investor perceptions or the actions of a few large investors. In addition, traditional measures of investment value used in the United States, such as price to earnings ratios, may not apply to certain small markets. Communications between the United States and emerging market countries may be unreliable, increasing the risk of delayed settlements or losses of security certificates.
Many emerging markets have histories of political instability and abrupt changes in policies. As a result, their governments are more likely to take actions that are hostile or detrimental to private enterprise or foreign investment than those of more developed countries. Certain emerging markets may also face other significant internal or external risks, including the risk of war, and ethnic, religious and racial conflicts. In addition, governments in many emerging market countries participate to a significant degree in their economies and securities markets, which may impair investment and economic growth.
Non-Diversification Risk The Fund is a non-diversified fund. Because the Fund may invest in securities of a smaller number of issuers, the Fund may be more exposed to the risks associated with and developments affecting an individual issuer than a fund that invests more widely, which may, therefore, have a greater impact on the Funds performance.
Convertible Debt Securities Convertible debt securities are debt securities that may be converted into common stock. The issuer of the convertible may be the same as or different from the issuer of the underlying common stock. Convertible debt securities typically pay current income as interest. A convertibles value usually reflects both the stream of current income payments and the value of the underlying common stock. The value of a convertible performs like that of regular debt securities: if market interest rates rise, the value of a convertible usually falls. Because it is convertible into common stock, the convertible also has the same types of market and issuer risk as the underlying common stock.
Mid Cap Securities The securities of mid cap companies generally trade in lower volumes and are generally subject to greater and less predictable price changes than the securities of larger capitalization companies.
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Geographic Concentration Risk The Fund may invest from time to time a substantial amount of its assets in issuers located in a single country or a limited number of countries. If the Fund concentrates its investments in this manner, it assumes the risk that economic, political and social conditions in those countries will have a significant impact on its investment performance. The Funds investment performance may also be more volatile if it concentrates its investments in certain countries, especially emerging market countries.
The Fund may also be subject to certain other risks associated with its investments and investment strategies, including:
Borrowing and Leverage Risk The Fund may borrow for temporary or emergency purposes, including to meet redemptions, for the payment of dividends, for share repurchases or for the clearance of transactions. Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the return on the Funds portfolio. Borrowing will cost the Fund interest expense and other fees. The costs of borrowing may reduce the Funds return. Certain derivative securities that the Fund may buy or other techniques that the Fund may use may create leverage, including, but not limited to, when-issued securities, forward commitments and futures contracts and options.
Depositary Receipts The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers in the form of depositary receipts or other securities that are convertible into securities of foreign issuers. American Depositary Receipts are receipts typically issued by an American bank or trust company that evidence underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. European Depositary Receipts (issued in Europe) and Global Depositary Receipts (issued throughout the world) each evidence a similar ownership arrangement. The Fund may invest in unsponsored Depositary Receipts. The issuers of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated to disclose information that is, in the United States, considered material. Therefore, there may be less information available regarding these issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts. Depositary Receipts are generally subject to the same risks as the foreign securities that they evidence or into which they may be converted.
Debt Securities Debt securities, such as bonds, involve credit risk. Credit risk is the risk that the borrower will not make timely payments of principal and interest. Changes in an issuers credit rating or the markets perception of an issuers creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Funds investment in that issuer. The degree of credit risk depends on the issuers financial condition and on the terms of the securities. Debt securities are also subject to interest rate risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of a debt security may fall when interest rates rise. In general, the market price of debt securities with longer maturities will go up or down more in response to changes in interest rates than the market price of shorter term securities.
14
Warrants A warrant gives the Fund the right to buy stock. The warrant specifies the amount of underlying stock, the purchase (or exercise) price, and the date the warrant expires. The Fund has no obligation to exercise the warrant and buy the stock. A warrant has value only if the Fund is able to exercise it or sell it before it expires. If the price of the underlying stock does not rise above the exercise price before the warrant expires, the warrant generally expires without any value and the Fund loses any amount it paid for the warrant. Thus, investments in warrants may involve substantially more risk than investments in common stock. Warrants may trade in the same markets as their underlying stock; however, the price of the warrant does not necessarily move with the price of the underlying stock.
Securities Lending The Fund may lend securities with a value up to 33 1 / 3 % of its total assets to financial institutions that provide cash or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government as collateral. Securities lending involves the risk that the borrower may fail to return the securities in a timely manner or at all. As a result, the Fund may lose money and there may be a delay in recovering the loaned securities. The Fund could also lose money if it does not recover the securities and/or the value of the collateral falls, including the value of investments made with cash collateral. These events could trigger adverse tax consequences for the Fund.
Repurchase Agreements, Purchase and Sale Contracts The Fund may enter into certain types of repurchase agreements or purchase and sale contracts. Under a repurchase agreement, the seller agrees to repurchase a security at a mutually agreed-upon time and price. A purchase and sale contract is similar to a repurchase agreement, but purchase and sale contracts also provide that the purchaser receives any interest on the security paid during the period. If a repurchase agreement or purchase and sale contract is not denominated in U.S. dollars, the Funds return may be affected by currency fluctuations. If the other party to a repurchase agreement or purchase and sale contract defaults on its obligation under the agreement, the Fund may suffer delays and incur costs or lose money in exercising its rights under the agreement. If the seller fails to repurchase the security in either situation and the market value of the security declines, the Fund may lose money.
Junk Bonds Junk bonds are debt securities that are rated below investment grade by the major rating agencies or are unrated securities that Fund management believes are of comparable quality. Although junk bonds generally pay higher rates of interest than investment grade bonds, they are high risk investments that may cause income and principal losses for the Fund. Junk bonds generally are less liquid and experience more price volatility than higher rated debt securities. Issuers of junk bonds may have a larger amount of outstanding debt relative to their assets than issuers of investment grade debt securities. In the event of an issuers bankruptcy, claims of other creditors may have priority over the claims of junk bond holders, leaving few or no assets available to repay junk bond holders. Junk bonds may be subject to greater call and redemption risk than higher rated debt securities.
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Derivatives The Fund may use derivative instruments to hedge its investments or to seek to enhance returns. Derivatives allow the Fund to increase or decrease its risk exposure more quickly and efficiently than other types of instruments. Derivatives are volatile and involve significant risks, including:
Credit risk the risk that the counterparty (the party on the other side of the transaction) on a derivative transaction will be unable to honor its financial obligation to the Fund.
Currency risk the risk that changes in the exchange rate between currencies will adversely affect the value (in U.S. dollar terms) of an investment.
Leverage risk the risk associated with certain types of investments or trading strategies that relatively small market movements may result in large changes in the value of an investment. Certain investments or trading strategies that involve leverage can result in losses that greatly exceed the amount originally invested.
Liquidity risk the risk that certain securities may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time that the seller would like or at the price that the seller believes the security is currently worth.
The Fund may use derivatives for hedging purposes, including anticipatory hedges. Hedging is a strategy in which the Fund uses a derivative to offset the risks associated with other Fund holdings. While hedging can reduce losses, it can also reduce or eliminate gains or cause losses if the market moves in a manner different from that anticipated by the Fund or if the cost of the derivative outweighs the benefit of the hedge. Hedging also involves the risk that changes in the value of the derivative will not match those of the holdings being hedged as expected by the Fund, in which case any losses on the holdings being hedged may not be reduced and may be increased. There can be no assurance that the Funds hedging strategy will reduce risk or that hedging transactions will be either available or cost effective. The Fund is not required to use hedging and may choose not to do so.
Because the Fund may use derivatives to seek to enhance returns, its investments will expose the Fund to the risks outlined above to a greater extent than if the Fund used derivatives solely for hedging purposes. Use of derivatives to seek to enhance returns may be considered speculative.
Indexed and Inverse Securities The Fund may invest in securities the potential return of which is directly related to changes in an underlying index, known as indexed securities. The return on indexed securities will rise when the underlying index rises and fall when the index falls. The Fund may also invest in securities whose return is inversely related to changes in an interest rate or index (inverse securities). In general, the return on inverse securities will decrease when the underlying index or interest rate goes up and increase when that index or interest rate goes down. Certain indexed and inverse securities have greater sensitivity to changes in interest rates or index levels than other securities, and the Funds investment in such instruments may decline significantly in value if interest rates or index levels move in a way Fund management does not anticipate.
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Swap Agreements Swap agreements involve the risk that the party with whom the Fund has entered into the swap will default on its obligation to pay the Fund and the risk that the Fund will not be able to meet its obligations to pay the other party to the agreement.
Illiquid Securities The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities that it cannot sell within seven days at approximately current value. If the Fund buys illiquid securities it may be unable to quickly sell them or may be able to sell them only at a price below current value.
Restricted Securities Restricted securities are securities that cannot be offered for public resale unless registered under the applicable securities laws or that have a contractual restriction that prohibits or limits their resale. They may include private placement securities that have not been registered under the applicable securities laws. Restricted securities may not be listed on an exchange and may have no active trading market.
Restricted securities may be illiquid. The Fund may be unable to sell them on short notice or may be able to sell them only at a price below current value. Also, the Fund may get only limited information about the issuer of a restricted security, so it may be less able to predict a loss. In addition, if Fund management receives material nonpublic information about the issuer, the Fund may as a result be unable to sell the securities.
Rule 144A Securities Rule 144A securities are restricted securities that can be resold to qualified institutional buyers but not to the general public. Rule 144A securities may have an active trading market, but carry the risk that the active trading market may not continue.
When Issued and Delayed Delivery Securities and Forward Commitments The Fund may purchase or sell securities that it is entitled to receive on a when issued basis. The Fund may also purchase or sell securities on a delayed delivery basis or through a forward commitment. When issued and delayed delivery securities and forward commitments involve the risk that the security the Fund buys will lose value prior to its delivery. There also is the risk that the security will not be issued or that the other party to the transaction will not meet its obligation. If this occurs, the Fund loses both the investment opportunity for the assets it set aside to pay for the security and any gain in the securitys price.
Statement of Additional Information
I f you would like further information about the Fund, including how it invests, please see the Statement of Additional Information.
For a discussion of the Funds policies and procedures regarding the selective disclosure of its portfolio holdings, please see the Statement of Additional Information. The Fund makes its top ten holdings available on a monthly basis at www.blackrock.com generally within 12 business days after the end of the month to which the information applies.
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Your Account
T he Fund offers five share classes, each with its own sales charge and expense structure, allowing you to invest in the way that best suits your needs. Each share class represents an ownership interest in the same investment portfolio. When you choose your class of shares you should consider the size of your investment and how long you plan to hold your shares. Your financial adviser or other financial intermediary can help you determine which share class is best suited to your personal financial goals.
For example, if you select Institutional shares, you will not pay any sales charge. However, only certain investors may buy Institutional shares. If you select Investor A shares, you generally pay a sales charge at the time of purchase and an ongoing account maintenance fee of 0.25% per year. You may be eligible for a sales charge reduction or waiver.
Certain financial intermediaries that make Fund shares available to their customers may charge fees in addition to those described in this Prospectus for providing certain services, including: marketing, distribution or other services intended to assist in the offer and sale of Fund shares; shareholder servicing activities; and/or sub-transfer agency services provided to individual shareholders or beneficial owners where a financial intermediary maintains omnibus accounts with the Funds transfer agent. The Manager, the Distributors or their affiliates may pay all or a portion of those fees out of their own resources. The amount of fees paid to a financial intermediary in any given year will vary and may be based on one or more factors, including a fixed amount, a fixed percentage rate, a financial intermediarys sales of Fund shares, assets in Fund shares held by the intermediarys customers, or other factors. In addition, consistent with applicable regulations, the Distributors or their affiliates may from time to time pay for or make contributions to financial intermediaries or their employees in connection with various activities including: training and education seminars for financial intermediary employees, clients and potential clients; due diligence meetings regarding the Fund; recreational activities; gifts; and/or other non-cash items. See the Statement of Additional Information for more information.
If you select Investor B, Investor C or Class R shares, you will invest the full amount of your purchase price, but you will be subject to a distribution fee of 0.75% per year for Investor B shares, 0.75% per year for Investor C shares, and 0.25% per year for Class R shares and an account maintenance fee of 0.25% per year for all three classes of shares. Because these fees are paid out of the Funds assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. In addition, you may be subject to a deferred sales charge when you sell Investor B or Investor C shares.
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If you redeem (either by sale or exchange) shares of any class within 30 days of purchase or exchange, you will generally be charged a redemption fee unless certain conditions are met.
On September 29, 2006, BlackRock, Inc. and Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. created a new BlackRock, Inc., a new independent asset management company. See Management of the Fund. In connection with this transaction, Merrill Lynch Pacific Fund, Inc. was renamed BlackRock Pacific Fund, Inc. These transactions are together referred to as the Transactions. In connection with the Transactions, existing shareholders of the Fund as of the date of this Prospectus hold shares as described in the following chart:
If you held shares of the following
share class of the Fund: |
Your share class became the following
share class of the Fund: |
|
Class A | Investor A | |
Class B | Investor B | |
Class C | Investor C | |
Class I | Institutional | |
Class R | Class R |
The Funds shares are distributed by FAM Distributors, Inc. and BlackRock Distributors, Inc., each an affiliate of the Manager.
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The table below summarizes key features of each of the Funds share classes.
Investor A | Investor B | Investor C |
Institutional |
Class R | ||||||
Availability | Generally available through selected securities dealers and other financial intermediaries. | Generally available through selected securities dealers and other financial intermediaries. | Generally available through selected securities dealers and other financial intermediaries. |
Limited to certain eligible investors including: Current Institutional shareholders that meet certain requirements Certain Retirement Plans Participants in certain programs sponsored by the Manager or its affiliates, or selected securities dealers or other financial intermediaries Certain employees and affiliates of the Manager or its affiliates |
Available only to certain retirement plans. | |||||
Initial Sales Charge? | Yes. Payable at time of purchase. Lower sales charges available for larger investments. | No. Entire purchase price is invested in shares of the Fund. | No. Entire purchase price is invested in shares of the Fund. | No. Entire purchase price is invested in shares of the Fund. | No. Entire purchase price is invested in shares of the Fund. | |||||
Deferred Sales Charge? | No. (May be charged for purchases over $1 million that are redeemed within 18 months.) | Yes. Payable if you redeem within six years of purchase. | Yes. Payable if you redeem within one year of purchase. | No. | No. | |||||
Account Maintenance and Distribution Fees? | 0.25% Annual Account Maintenance Fee. No Distribution Fee. | 0.25% Annual Account Maintenance Fee. 0.75% Annual Distribution Fee. | 0.25% Annual Account Maintenance Fee. 0.75% Annual Distribution Fee. | No. | 0.25% Annual Account Maintenance Fee. 0.25% Annual Distribution Fee. | |||||
Redemption Fee? | Yes. Payable if you redeem within 30 days of purchase or exchange. | Yes. Payable if you redeem within 30 days of purchase or exchange. | Yes. Payable if you redeem within 30 days of purchase or exchange. | Yes. Payable if you redeem within 30 days of purchase or exchange. | Yes. Payable if you redeem within 30 days of purchase or exchange. | |||||
Conversion to Investor A shares? | N/A | Yes, automatically after approximately eight years. | No. | No. | No. |
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Institutional Shares
Institutional shares are not subject to any sales charge. Only certain investors are eligible to buy Institutional shares. Your financial adviser or other financial intermediary can help you determine whether you are eligible to buy Institutional shares.
Eligible Institutional investors include the following:
n | Investors who currently own Institutional shares of the Fund may make additional purchases of Institutional shares of the Fund except for investors holding shares through certain omnibus accounts at financial intermediaries that are omnibus with the Fund and do not meet the applicable investment minimums. |
n | Institutional and individual retail investors with a minimum investment of $2 million who purchase through certain broker-dealers or directly from the Transfer Agent |
n | Certain qualified retirement plans |
n | Investors in selected fee based programs |
n | Registered investment advisers with a minimum investment of $250,000 |
n | Trust department clients of PNC Bank and Merrill Lynch Trust Company and their affiliates for whom they (i) act in a fiduciary capacity (excluding participant directed employee benefit plans); (ii) otherwise have investment discretion; or (iii) act as custodian for at least $2 million in assets |
n | Unaffiliated banks, thrifts or trust companies that have agreements with a Distributor |
n | Holders of certain Merrill Lynch sponsored unit investment trusts (UITs) who reinvest dividends received from such UITs in shares of the Fund |
n | Employees and directors/trustees of BlackRock, Merrill Lynch or their affiliates |
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IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS
Right of Accumulation permits you to pay the sales charge that would apply to the current value of all qualifying Investor class and Institutional shares taken together that you own in BlackRock Funds.
Letter of Intent permits you to pay the sales charge that would apply if you add up all qualifying Investor class and Institutional shares of BlackRock Funds that you agree to buy within a 13 month period. Certain restrictions apply.
Investor A Shares Initial Sales Charge Option
If you select Investor A shares, you will pay a sales charge at the time of purchase as shown in the following table.
Your Investment |
As a % of
Offering Price |
As a % of Your
Investment(a) |
Dealer
Compensation as a % of Offering Price |
|||
Less than $25,000 |
5.25% | 5.54% | 5.00% | |||
$25,000 but less
|
4.75% | 4.99% | 4.50% | |||
$50,000 but less
|
4.00% | 4.17% | 3.75% | |||
$100,000 but less
|
3.00% | 3.09% | 2.75% | |||
$250,000 but less
|
2.50% | 2.56% | 2.25% | |||
$500,000 but less
|
2.00% | 2.04% | 1.75% | |||
$750,000 but less
|
1.50% | 1.52% | 1.25% | |||
$1,000,000 and over(b) |
0.00% | 0.00% | (b) |
(a) | Rounded to the nearest one-hundredth percent. |
(b) | If you invest $1,000,000 or more in Investor A shares, you may not pay an initial sales charge. In that case, the Manager compensates the selling dealer or other financial intermediary from its own funds. However, if you redeem your shares within 18 months after purchase, you may be charged a deferred sales charge of 1.00% of the lesser of the original cost of the shares being redeemed or your redemption proceeds. |
The table above shows the reduced sales charges for which you may qualify when you purchase Investor A shares of the Fund. You may qualify for these reductions through a single purchase or under a right of accumulation or letter of intent . These reductions will apply to the value of all qualifying holdings in shares of the Fund or other mutual funds advised by the Manager or its affiliates (BlackRock Funds) owned by you, your spouse and/or your children under the age of twenty-one and purchases by a single trustee of a single trust estate or a single fiduciary for your benefit. For this purpose, the value of your holdings means the offering price of the newly purchased shares (including any applicable sales charge) plus the current value (including any sales charges paid) of all other shares you already hold taken together. For purposes of the right of accumulation, you may not combine with your other holdings shares held in pension, profit sharing or other employee benefit plans if those shares are held in the name of a nominee or custodian.
In order to receive a reduced sales charge, at the time you purchase shares of the Fund or any other BlackRock Fund, you should inform your financial adviser or other financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent of any other shares of the Fund or any other BlackRock Fund owned by you, your spouse and/or your children under the age of twenty one. These may include shares held in accounts held at a selected securities dealer, or another broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, including personal accounts, certain retirement accounts, employee benefit plan accounts,
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UGMA/UTMA accounts, Joint Tenancy accounts, trust accounts and Transfer on Death accounts, as well as shares purchased by a trust of which you are a beneficiary. Your financial adviser or other financial intermediary may request documentation including account statements and records of the original cost of the shares owned by you, your spouse and/or your children under the age of twenty one from you to show that you qualify for a reduced sales charge. You should retain these records because depending on where an account is held or the type of account the Fund, its Transfer Agent, and/or your financial adviser or other financial intermediary may not be able to maintain this information. If you do not notify your financial adviser or other financial intermediary, or the BlackRock Funds, you may not receive the sales charge reduction to which you are otherwise entitled.
No initial sales charge applies to Investor A shares that you buy through reinvestment of dividends or capital gains distributions.
A sales charge waiver on a purchase of Investor A shares may also apply for:
n | Authorized qualified employee benefit plans or savings plans and rollovers of current investments in the Fund through such plans |
n | Persons investing through an authorized payroll deduction plan |
n | Persons investing through an authorized investment plan for organizations that operate under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code |
n | Registered investment advisers, trust companies and bank trust departments exercising discretionary investment authority with respect to amounts to be invested in the Fund |
n | Persons associated with the Fund, the Funds Distributors, the Funds Manager, sub-adviser or Transfer Agent, and their affiliates |
n | Persons participating in a fee-based program under which they pay advisory fees to a broker-dealer or other financial institution for providing transaction processing and other administrative services, but not investment advisory services |
n | Employees of MetLife |
More information about existing sales charge reductions and waivers is available free of charge in a clear and prominent format via hyperlink at www.blackrock.com and in the Statement of Additional Information, which is available on request.
If you are eligible to buy both Investor A and Institutional shares, you should buy Institutional shares since Investor A shares are subject to a front end sales charge and an annual 0.25% account maintenance fee, while Institutional shares are not. The Distributors normally pay the annual Investor A account maintenance fee to dealers as a service fee on a monthly basis.
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If you redeem any class of shares (other than Class R) and within 60 days buy new Investor A shares, you will not pay a sales charge on the new purchase amount. The amount eligible for this Reinstatement Privilege may not exceed the amount of your redemption proceeds and you may only exercise this privilege once in any twelve month period. To exercise the privilege, contact your financial adviser, selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary or notify the Funds Transfer Agent in writing at the address listed on the inside back cover of this Prospectus.
Investor B and Investor C Shares Deferred Sales Charge Options
If you select Investor B or Investor C shares, you do not pay an initial sales charge at the time of purchase. However, if you redeem your Investor B shares within six years after purchase or your Investor C shares within one year after purchase, you may be required to pay a deferred sales charge. You will also pay distribution fees of 0.75% and account maintenance fees of 0.25% for both classes of shares each year under distribution plans that the Fund has adopted under Rule 12b-1. Because these fees are paid out of the Funds assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. Each Distributor uses the money that it receives from the deferred sales charges and the distribution fees to cover the costs of marketing, advertising and compensating the financial adviser, selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary who assists you in purchasing Fund shares. No deferred sales charge applies to shares that you buy through reinvestment of dividends or capital gains.
Each Distributor currently pays a sales concession of 4.00% of the purchase price of Investor B shares to dealers from its own resources at the time of sale. Each Distributor also normally pays the annual Investor B shares account maintenance fee to dealers as a service fee on a monthly basis. Each Distributor normally retains the Investor B shares distribution fee.
Each Distributor currently pays dealers a sales concession of 1.00% of the purchase price of Investor C shares from its own resources at the time of sale. Each Distributor pays the annual Investor C shares distribution fee and the annual Investor C shares account maintenance fee as an ongoing concession and as a service fee, respectively, to dealers for Investor C shares held for over a year and normally retains the Investor C distribution fee and account maintenance fee during the first year after purchase. Under certain circumstances, a Distributor will pay the full Investor C shares distribution fee and account maintenance fee to dealers beginning in the first year after purchase in lieu of paying the sales concession.
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Investor B Shares
If you redeem Investor B shares within six years after purchase, you may be charged a deferred sales charge. The amount of the charge gradually decreases as you hold your shares over time, according to the following schedule:
Years Since Purchase | Sales Charge(a) | |
0 1 |
4.50% | |
1 2 |
4.00% | |
2 3 |
3.50% | |
3 4 |
3.00% | |
4 5 |
2.00% | |
5 6 |
1.00% | |
6 and thereafter |
0.00% |
(a) | The percentage charge will apply to the lesser of the original cost of the shares being redeemed or the proceeds of your redemption. Shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends are not subject to a deferred sales charge. Shares purchased prior to June 1, 2001 were subject to the four-year contingent deferred sales charge schedule then in effect which has now expired. Shares purchased prior to October 2, 2006 are subject to the 4.00% six-year CDSC schedule in effect at that time. Not all BlackRock Funds have identical deferred sales charge schedules. If you exchange your shares for shares of another fund, the original charge will apply. |
Your Investor B shares convert automatically into Investor A shares approximately eight years after purchase. Any Investor B shares received through reinvestment of dividends paid on converting shares will also convert at that time. Investor A shares are subject to lower annual expenses than Investor B shares. The conversion of Investor B shares to Investor A shares is not a taxable event for Federal income tax purposes.
Different conversion schedules apply to Investor B shares of different BlackRock Funds. For example, Investor B shares of fixed-income funds typically convert approximately ten years after purchase compared to approximately eight years for equity funds. If you acquire your Investor B shares in an exchange from another fund with a different conversion schedule, the conversion schedule that applies to the shares you acquire in the exchange will apply. The length of time that you hold both the original and exchanged Investor B shares in both funds will count toward the conversion schedule. The conversion schedule may be modified in certain other cases as well.
Investor C Shares
If you redeem Investor C shares within one year after purchase, you may be charged a deferred sales charge of 1.00%. The charge will apply to the lesser of the original cost of the shares being redeemed or the proceeds of your redemption. You will not be charged a deferred sales charge when you redeem shares that you acquire through reinvestment of Fund dividends.
Investor C shares do not offer a conversion privilege.
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Contingent Deferred Sales Charge Waivers
The deferred sales charge relating to Investor B or Investor C shares may be reduced or waived in certain circumstances, such as:
n | Redemptions of shares purchased through authorized qualified employee benefit plans or savings plans and rollovers of current investments in the Fund through such plans |
n | Exchanges pursuant to the exchange privilege |
n | Redemptions made in connection with minimum required distributions from IRA or 403(b)(7) accounts due to the shareholder reaching the age of 70 1/2 |
n | Certain post-retirement withdrawals from an IRA or other retirement plan if you are over 59 1/2 years old and you purchased your shares prior to October 2, 2006 |
n | Redemptions made with respect to certain retirement plans sponsored by the Fund, BlackRock or an affiliate |
n | Redemptions resulting from shareholder death as long as the waiver request is made within one year of death or, if later, reasonably promptly following completion of probate (including in connection with the distribution of account assets to a beneficiary of the decedent) |
n | Withdrawals resulting from shareholder disability (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code) as long as the disability arose subsequent to the purchase of the shares |
n | Involuntary redemptions of shares in accounts with low balances |
n | Certain redemptions made through the systematic withdrawal plan offered by the Fund, the Manager or an affiliate |
n | Redemptions when a shareholder can demonstrate hardship, in the absolute discretion of the Fund |
Class R Shares
Class R shares are available only to certain retirement plans. If you buy Class R shares, you will pay neither an initial sales charge nor a contingent deferred sales charge. However, Class R shares are subject to a distribution fee of 0.25% per year and an account maintenance fee of 0.25% per year. Because these fees are paid out of the Funds assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. Class R shares do not offer a conversion privilege.
Each Distributor currently pays the annual Class R shares distribution fee and annual Class R shares account maintenance fee to dealers as an ongoing concession and as a service fee, respectively, on a monthly basis.
Redemption Fee
The Fund charges a 2.00% redemption fee on the proceeds (calculated at market value) of a redemption (either by sale or exchange) of Fund shares made within 30 days of purchase. The redemption fee is paid to the Fund
26
and is intended to offset the trading costs, market impact and other costs associated with short-term trading into and out of the Fund. The redemption fee is imposed to the extent that the number of Fund shares redeemed within 30 days exceeds the number of Fund shares that have been held for more than 30 days. For redemptions of Fund shares acquired by exchange, your holding period for the shares exchanged will not be tacked on to the holding period for the Fund shares acquired in determining whether to apply the redemption fee. The redemption fee will not apply in the following circumstances:
n | Redemptions resulting from death or disability |
n | Redemptions through a Systematic Withdrawal Plan or Systematic Exchange Plan |
n | Redemptions of shares purchased through an Automatic Investment Plan prior to October 2, 2006 |
n | Redemptions of shares acquired through dividend reinvestment |
n | Redemptions of shares held in certain omnibus accounts, including retirement plans qualified under Sections 401(a) or 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or plans administered as college savings plans under Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code, and |
n | Redemptions of shares held through advisory asset allocation or fee-based programs that a Distributor determines are not designed to facilitate short-term trading |
n | Redemptions by shareholders executing rollovers of current investments in the Fund through qualified employee benefit plans |
n | Redemptions by certain other accounts in the absolute discretion of the Fund when a shareholder can demonstrate hardship |
How to Buy, Sell, Transfer and Exchange Shares
T he chart on the following pages summarizes how to buy, sell, transfer and exchange shares through your financial adviser, a selected securities dealer, broker, investment adviser, service provider or other financial intermediary. You may also buy, sell, transfer and exchange shares through the Transfer Agent. To learn more about buying, selling, transferring or exchanging shares through the Transfer Agent, call 1-800-441-7762. Because the selection of a mutual fund involves many considerations, your financial adviser or other financial intermediary may help you with this decision.
Because of the high costs of maintaining smaller shareholder accounts, the Fund may redeem the shares in your account (without charging any deferred sales charge) if the net asset value of your account falls below $500 due to redemptions you have made. You will be notified that the value of your account is less than $500 before the Fund makes an involuntary redemption. You will then have 60 days to make an additional investment to bring the value of your account to at least $500 before the Fund takes any action. This involuntary redemption does not apply to retirement plans or Uniform Gifts or Transfers to Minors Act accounts.
27
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If You Want to | Your Choices | Information Important for You to Know | ||||
Sell Your Shares | Have your financial adviser, selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary submit your sales order |
The price of your shares is based on the next calculation of net asset value after your order is placed. For your redemption request to be priced at the net asset value on the day of your request, you must submit your request to your securities dealer or other financial intermediary prior to that days close of business on the New York Stock Exchange (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). Certain financial intermediaries, however, may require submission of orders prior to that time. Any redemption request placed after that time will be priced at the net asset value at the close of business on the next business day.
Securities dealers or other financial intermediaries may charge a fee to process a redemption of shares. Merrill Lynch generally charges a fee of $5.35.
The Fund may reject an order to sell shares under certain circumstances. |
||||
Sell through the Transfer Agent |
You may sell shares held at the Transfer Agent by writing to the Transfer Agent. All shareholders on the account must sign the letter. A signature guarantee will generally be required but may be waived in certain limited circumstances. You can obtain a signature guarantee from a bank, securities dealer, securities broker, credit union, savings association, national securities exchange or registered securities association. A notary public seal will not be acceptable. If you hold stock certificates, return the certificates with the letter. The Transfer Agent will normally mail redemption proceeds within seven days following receipt of a properly completed request. If you make a redemption request before the Fund has collected payment for the purchase of shares, the Fund or the Transfer Agent may delay mailing your proceeds. This delay will usually not exceed ten days.
You may also sell shares held at the Transfer Agent by telephone request if certain conditions are met and if the amount being sold is less than (i) $100,000 for payments by check, (ii) $250,000 for payments through the Automated Clearing House Network (ACH) or wire transfer or (iii) $10,000,000 for sales of Institutional shares. Call (800) 441-7762 for details. Redemption requests in excess of these amounts must be in writing with a medallion signature guarantee. |
|||||
Redemption proceeds may be paid by check or, if the Fund has verified banking information on file, through ACH or by wire transfer. Investor Shares may also be redeemed by use of the Funds automated voice response unit service (VRU). Payment for Investor Shares redeemed by VRU or Internet may be made for non-retirement accounts in amounts up to $25,000, either through check, ACH or wire. You will be charged a fee of $7.50 for each redemption payment made by wire transfer and $15 for redemptions by check sent via overnight mail. You are responsible for any additional charges imposed by your bank for this service. |
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If You Want to | Your Choices | Information Important for You to Know | ||||
Sell Shares Systematically | Participate in the Funds Systematic Withdrawal Plan |
To start a Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP), you must have a current investment of $10,000 or more in a BlackRock Fund. Shareholders can elect to receive cash payments of $50 or more at any interval they choose. Shareholders may sign up by completing the SWP Application Form, which may be obtained from the Transfer Agent. To participate, you must have your Fund dividends automatically reinvested. You may change or cancel the SWP at any time, upon written notice to the Transfer Agent. If you purchase additional Investor A shares of a BlackRock Fund at the same time you redeem shares through the SWP, you may lose money because of the sales charge involved. No CDSC will be assessed on redemptions of Investor B or Investor C shares made through the SWP that do not exceed 12% of the accounts net asset value on an annualized basis. For example, monthly, quarterly and semi-annual SWP redemptions of Investor B or Investor C shares will not be subject to the CDSC if they do not exceed 1%, 3% and 6%, respectively, of an accounts net asset value on the redemption date. SWP redemptions of Investor B or Investor C shares in excess of this limit will still pay any applicable CDSC.
Ask your financial adviser or other financial intermediary for details. |
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Exchange Your Shares | Select the fund into which you want to exchange. Be sure to read the funds prospectus |
Investor A, Investor B, Investor C and Institutional shares of the Fund are generally exchangeable for shares of the same class of another BlackRock Fund. You must have held the shares used in the exchange for at least 15 calendar days before you can exchange to another fund.
Some of the BlackRock Funds impose a different initial or deferred sales charge schedule. If you exchange Investor A shares for shares of a fund with a higher initial sales charge than you originally paid, you may be charged the difference at the time of exchange. If you exchange Investor B or Investor C shares for shares of a fund with a different deferred sales charge schedule, the schedule that applies to your original shares will apply to the shares you receive in the exchange. The time you hold Investor B or Investor C shares in a fund will count when determining your holding period for calculating a deferred sales charge at redemption. If you exchange Investor A or Institutional shares for shares of BlackRock Summit Cash Reserves Fund, you will receive Investor A shares of BlackRock Summit Cash Reserves Fund. Investor B or Investor C shares of the Fund will be exchanged for Investor B shares of BlackRock Summit Cash Reserves Fund.
You may systematically exchange monies from one fund to up to four other funds. You must have a minimum of $10,000 invested in the initial fund, and investments in any additional funds must meet minimum initial investment requirements.
To exercise the exchange privilege contact your financial adviser, selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary or call the Transfer Agent at (800) 441-7762.
Although there is currently no limit on the number of exchanges that you can make, the exchange privilege may be modified or terminated at any time in the future. |
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EZ Trader Account | Allows an investor to purchase or sell Fund shares by telephone or over the Internet through ACH. | Prior to establishing an EZ Trader account, please contact your bank to confirm that it is a member of the ACH system. Once confirmed, complete an application, making sure to include the appropriate bank information, and return the application to BlackRock Funds, c/o PFPC, Inc., P.O. Box 9819, Providence, Rhode Island 02940-8019. Prior to placing a telephone or internet purchase or sale order, please contact the Fund at (800) 441-7762 to confirm that your bank information has been updated on your account. Once this is established, you may place your request to sell shares with the Fund by telephone or Internet. Proceeds will be sent to your pre-designated bank account. |
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If You Want to | Your Choices | Information Important for You to Know | ||||
Dividend Allocation Plan | Automatically invests your distributions into another fund of your choice pursuant to your instructions, without any fees or sales charges. | Please call the Fund at (800) 441-7762 for details. | ||||
Internet Transactions | Make on-line transactions and view account balances and activity |
You may redeem or exchange your shares, and view activity in your account, by logging onto the BlackRock website at www.blackrock.com/funds. To use this service, you will need a browser that supports Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.5 or higher, Netscape 7.1 or higher, Firefox 1.0 or higher, and AOL 8.0 (for Windows operating systems from Windows 2000 and above). In addition, MacIntosh operating system 9 with Netscape 6.2 and MacIntosh operating system 10x with Safari 1.2.3, Netscape 6.2, and Firefox 1.0 are also supported. Purchases made on the Internet using ACH will have a trade date that is the day after the purchase is made. Proceeds from Internet redemptions may be sent via check, ACH or wire to the bank account of record. The Fund limits Internet purchases and redemptions in shares of each Fund to $25,000 per trade.
Please read the On-Line Services Disclosure Statement and User Agreement, the Terms and Conditions page and the Consent to Electronic Delivery Agreement (if you consent to electronic delivery), before attempting to transact online.
The Fund employs reasonable procedures to confirm that transactions entered over the Internet are genuine. The procedures include the use of a protected password, Secure Socket Layering (SSL), 128-bit encryption and other precautions designed to protect the integrity, confidentiality and security of shareholder information. By entering into the User Agreement with the Fund in order to open an account through the website, the shareholder waives any right to reclaim any losses from the Fund or any of its affiliates, incurred through fraudulent activity. |
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Short-Term Trading
The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order, including exchanges. Short-term or excessive trading (sometimes known as market timing) into and out of the Fund, particularly in larger amounts, may harm performance by disrupting portfolio management strategies and by increasing expenses, including brokerage and administrative costs, and may also dilute the value of the holdings of other shareholders of the Fund. Short-term or excessive trading may cause the Fund to retain more cash than the portfolio manager would normally retain in order to meet unanticipated redemptions or may force the Fund to sell portfolio securities at disadvantageous times to raise the cash needed to meet those redemption or exchange requests. Accordingly, the Fund has adopted certain policies and procedures, which have been reviewed and approved by the Funds Board of Directors, designed to deter such short-term or excessive trading. Shareholders may not exchange their shares of the Fund for shares of another mutual fund advised by the Manager or its affiliates unless they have held the shares to be used in the exchange for at least fifteen days. The Fund also generally charges a 2.00% redemption fee on redemptions (by sale or exchange) made within 30 days of the purchase or exchange of shares. The Fund will reject purchase orders from investors who have previously purchased and sold shares of the Fund within a fifteen day period. In addition, the Fund will reject purchase orders, including exchanges that fall both within and outside the fifteen day holding period, from market timers or other investors if Fund management, in its discretion, has determined that such orders are short-term or excessive, and will be disruptive to the Fund. For these purposes, Fund management considers an investors trading history in the Fund or other funds advised by the Manager or its affiliates, and accounts under common ownership or control. Each Distributor has entered into agreements with respect to financial advisers and other financial intermediaries that maintain omnibus accounts with the Transfer Agent pursuant to which such financial advisers and other financial intermediaries undertake to cooperate with the Distributors in monitoring purchase, exchange and redemption orders by their customers in order to detect and prevent short-term or excessive trading in the Funds shares through such accounts.
Because the Fund may invest a substantial portion of its assets in foreign securities that may trade in markets that close some time before the time at which the Fund calculates its net asset value, the Fund may be subject to the risks of time zone arbitrage a market timing strategy that seeks to take advantage of changes in the value of the Funds portfolio holdings during the period between the close of the markets in which the Funds portfolio securities primarily trade and the close of the New York Stock Exchange. For this reason, the Fund may, at times, fair value its portfolio securities in order to deter such market timing. See Your Account How Shares are Priced.
The Fund applies these policies to all shareholders (except that there are certain conditions under which the redemption fee will not be assessed
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IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS
Net Asset Value the market value of the Funds total assets after deducting liabilities, divided by the number of shares outstanding.
See Your Account Pricing of Shares Redemption Fee). However, Fund management may not be able to determine that a specific order, particularly with respect to orders made through omnibus accounts or 401(k) plans, is short-term or excessive, and will be disruptive to the Fund and so makes no representation that all such orders can or will be rejected.
Anti-Money Laundering Requirements
The Fund is subject to the USA Patriot Act (the Patriot Act). The Patriot Act is intended to prevent the use of the U.S. financial system in furtherance of money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities. Pursuant to requirements under the Patriot Act, the Fund may request information from shareholders to enable it to form a reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of its shareholders. This information will be used to verify the identity of investors or, in some cases, the status of financial advisers; it will be used only for compliance with the requirements of the Patriot Act. The Fund reserves the right to reject purchase orders from persons who have not submitted information sufficient to allow the Fund to verify their identity. The Fund also reserves the right to redeem any amounts in the Fund from persons whose identity it is unable to verify on a timely basis. It is the Funds policy to cooperate fully with appropriate regulators in any investigations conducted with respect to potential money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities.
W hen you buy shares, you pay the net asset value , plus any applicable sales charge. This is the offering price. Shares are also redeemed at their net asset value, minus any applicable deferred sales charge. The Fund calculates the net asset value of each class of its shares (generally by using market quotations) each day the New York Stock Exchange (the Exchange) is open as of the close of business on the Exchange, based on prices at the time of closing. The Exchange generally closes at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. The net asset value used in determining your share price is the next one calculated after your purchase or redemption order is placed. Foreign securities owned by the Fund may trade on weekends or other days when the Fund does not price its shares. As a result, the Funds net asset value may change on days when you will not be able to purchase or redeem the Funds shares.
Generally, Institutional shares will have the highest net asset value because that class has the lowest expenses, and Investor A shares will have a higher net asset value than Investor B, Investor C or Class R shares, and Class R shares will have a higher net asset value than Investor B or Investor C shares. Also, dividends paid on Investor A, Institutional and Class R shares will generally be higher than dividends paid on Investor B and Investor C shares because Investor A, Institutional and Class R shares have lower expenses.
The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in foreign securities. Generally, trading in foreign securities, as well as U.S. government securities, money market instruments, and certain fixed income securities
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is substantially completed each day at various times prior to the close of business on the Exchange. The values of such securities used in computing the net asset value of the Funds shares are determined as of such times. Foreign currency exchange rates also are generally determined prior to the close of business on the Exchange. Occasionally, events affecting the values of such securities and such exchange rates may occur between the times at which they are determined and the close of business on the Exchange that may not be reflected in the computation of the Funds net asset value. If market quotations are not readily available or, in the Managers judgment, do not accurately reflect fair value for a security or if a securitys value has been materially affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which the security is principally traded, that security will be valued by another method that the Board of Directors believes more accurately reflects the fair value.
The Fund generally values fixed income portfolio securities using market prices provided by an independent pricing service approved by the Funds Board of Directors. If market quotations are not readily available or, in the Managers judgment, they do not accurately reflect fair value for a security, that security will be valued by another method that the Board of Directors believes more accurately reflects the fair value. Fair value determinations may be made by the Funds independent pricing service using a matrix pricing system or other methodologies approved by the Directors or by the Managers Valuation Committee after consideration of the material factors that may affect the value of a particular security.
The Board has adopted valuation procedures for the Fund and has delegated the day-to-day responsibility for fair value determinations to the Managers Valuation Committee. Fair value determinations by the Manager that affect the Funds net asset value are subject to review, approval or ratification, as appropriate, by the Board. In determining whether current market prices are readily available or accurately reflect a securitys fair value, the Manager monitors the information it receives in the ordinary course of its investment management responsibilities for significant events that it believes in good faith will affect the market prices of the securities of issuers held by the Fund. Those may include events affecting specific issuers (for example, a halt in trading of an issuers securities on an exchange during the trading day, a corporate action or a company announcement) or events affecting securities markets generally (for example, market volatility or a natural disaster).
If, after the close of the principal market on which a security held by the Fund is traded and before the time as of which the Funds net asset value is calculated that day, a significant event has occurred that the Manager determines in the exercise of its judgment will cause a change in the value of that security from the closing price of the security on the principal market on which it is traded, the Manager will use its best judgment to determine a fair value for that security. The Manager believes that foreign securities values may be affected by volatility that occurs in U.S. markets on a trading day after the close of foreign securities markets. The fair valuation procedures, therefore, include a procedure whereby foreign securities prices may be fair valued by an independent pricing service approved by the Board of Directors to take those factors into account.
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The Funds use of fair value pricing is designed to ensure that the Funds net asset value reflects the value of its underlying portfolio securities as accurately as possible. There can be no assurance, however, that a fair value used by the Fund on any given day will more accurately reflect the market value of a security or securities than the market price of such security or securities on that day.
The Fund may accept orders from certain authorized financial intermediaries or their designees. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the intermediary or designee and the order will receive the net asset value next computed by the Fund after such acceptance. If the payment for a purchase order is not made by a designated later time, the order will be canceled and the financial intermediary could be held liable for any losses.
Participation in Fee-based Programs
I f you participate in certain fee-based programs offered by the Manager or an affiliate of the Manager, or selected securities dealers or other financial intermediaries that have agreements with the Distributors, you may be able to buy Institutional shares, including by exchange from other share classes. Sales charges on the shares being exchanged may be reduced or waived under certain circumstances.
You generally cannot transfer shares held through a fee-based program into another account. Instead, you will have to redeem your shares held through the program and purchase shares of another class, which may be subject to distribution and account maintenance fees. This may be a taxable event and you will pay any applicable sales charges or redemption fee.
Shareholders that participate in a fee-based program generally have two options at termination. The program can be terminated and the shares liquidated or the program can be terminated and the shares held in an account. In general, when a shareholder chooses to continue to hold the shares, whatever share class was held in the program can be held after termination. Shares that have been held for less than specified periods within the program may be subject to a fee upon redemption. Shareholders that held Investor A or Institutional shares in the program are eligible to purchase additional shares of the respective share class of the Fund, but may be subject to upfront sales charges. Additional purchases of Institutional shares are available only if you have an existing position at the time of purchase or are otherwise eligible to purchase Institutional shares.
Details about these features and the relevant charges are included in the client agreement for each fee-based program and are available from your financial adviser, selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary.
T he Fund will distribute net investment income, if any, and net realized capital gains, if any, at least annually. The Fund may also pay a special distribution at the end of the calendar year to comply with
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IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS
Dividends ordinary income and capital gains paid to shareholders. Dividends may be reinvested in additional Fund shares as they are paid.
BUYING A DIVIDEND
Unless your investment is in a tax deferred account, you may want to avoid buying shares shortly before the Fund pays a dividend. The reason? If you buy shares when a fund has realized but not yet distributed ordinary income or capital gains, you will pay the full price for the shares and then receive a portion of the price back in the form of a taxable dividend. Before investing you may want to consult your tax adviser.
Federal tax requirements. Dividends may be reinvested automatically in shares of the Fund at net asset value without a sales charge or may be taken in cash. If you would like to receive dividends in cash, contact your financial adviser, selected securities dealer, other financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent. Although this cannot be predicted with any certainty, the Fund anticipates that the majority of its dividends, if any, will consist of capital gains. Capital gains may be taxable to you at different rates depending on how long the Fund held the assets sold.
You will pay tax on dividends from the Fund whether you receive them in cash or additional shares. If you redeem Fund shares or exchange them for shares of another fund, you generally will be treated as having sold your shares and any gain on the transaction may be subject to tax. Certain dividend income, including dividends received from qualifying foreign corporations, and long-term capital gains are eligible for taxation at a reduced rate that applies to non-corporate shareholders. To the extent the Fund makes any distributions derived from long-term capital gain and qualifying dividend income, such distributions will be eligible for taxation at the reduced rate.
If you are neither a lawful permanent resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a foreign entity, the Funds ordinary income dividends (which include distributions of net short-term capital gains) will generally be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax, unless a lower treaty rate applies. However, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2004 and before January 1, 2008, certain distributions designated by the Fund as either interest related dividends or short term gain dividends and paid to a foreign shareholder would be eligible for an exemption from U.S. withholding tax.
Dividends and interest received by the Fund may give rise to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. You may be able to claim a credit or take a deduction for foreign taxes paid by the Fund if certain requirements are met.
By law, your dividends and redemption proceeds will be subject to a withholding tax if you have not provided a taxpayer identification number or social security number or the number you have provided is incorrect.
This section summarizes some of the consequences under current Federal tax law of an investment in the Fund. It is not a substitute for personal tax advice. Consult your personal tax adviser about the potential tax consequences of an investment in the Fund under all applicable tax laws.
E lectronic copies of most financial reports and prospectuses are available on the Funds website. Shareholders can sign up for e-mail notifications of quarterly statements, annual and semiannual reports and prospectuses by enrolling in the Funds electronic delivery program. To enroll:
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Shareholders Who Hold Accounts with Investment Advisers, Banks or Brokerages: Please contact your financial adviser. Please note that not all investment advisers, banks or brokerages may offer this service.
Shareholders Who Hold Accounts Directly With BlackRock:
1) | Access the BlackRock website at http://www.blackrock.com/edelivery |
2) | Log into your account |
Delivery of Shareholder Documents
T he Fund delivers only one copy of shareholder documents, including prospectuses, shareholder reports and proxy statements, to shareholders with multiple accounts at the same address. This practice is known as householding and is intended to eliminate duplicate mailings and reduce expenses. Mailings of your shareholder documents may be householded indefinitely unless you instruct us otherwise. If you do not want the mailing of these documents to be combined with those for other members of your household, please contact the Fund at (800) 441-7762.
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Management of the Fund
BlackRock Advisors, LLC
B lackRock Advisors, LLC, the Funds Manager, manages the Funds investments and its business operations subject to the oversight of the Funds Board of Directors. The Manager is a wholly owned subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc. On September 29, 2006, BlackRock, Inc. consummated a transaction with Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. whereby Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc.s investment management business combined with that of BlackRock to create a new independent company that is one of the worlds largest asset management firms with over $1 trillion in assets under management. The combined company offers a full range of equity, fixed income, cash management and alternative investment products with strong representation in both retail and institutional channels, in the United States and in non-U.S. markets. The new company has over 4,500 employees in 18 countries and a major presence in most key markets, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Asia, Australia, the Middle East and Europe.
The Manager has the responsibility for making all investment decisions for the Fund. The Manager has a sub-advisory agreement with BlackRock Investment Management, LLC (the Sub-Adviser), an affiliate, under which the Manager pays the Sub-Adviser a fee for services it provides equal to 74% of the management fee paid to the Manager under the management agreement between the Manager and the Fund. The Sub-Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds portfolio.
The Fund pays the Manager a fee at the annual rate of 0.60% of the average daily net assets of the Fund.
Prior to September 29, 2006, Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, L.P. (MLIM), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc., acted as the Funds manager and was compensated according to the same management fee rate. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, MLIM received a fee at the annual rate of 0.60% of the Funds average daily net assets.
A discussion of the basis for the Board of Directors approval of the management agreement with the Manager is included in the Funds semi-annual shareholder report for the most recent fiscal period ended June 30 and a discussion of the basis for the Board of Directors approval of the sub-advisory agreement between the Manager and the Sub-Adviser will be included in the Funds annual shareholder report for the fiscal period ended December 31, 2006.
Benjamin J. Moyer, CFA, is the Funds portfolio manager and is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds portfolio and the selection of its investments. Mr. Moyer has been the portfolio manager of the Fund since July 2006. He was the Funds associate portfolio manager from 2005 to 2006. Mr. Moyer has been a Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2006. He was a Director of MLIM from 2001 to 2006. Mr Moyer joined MLIM as a Vice President and Senior Fund Analyst for the Fund in 1994.
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For more information about the portfolio managers compensation, other accounts he manages and his ownership of Fund shares, please see the Statement of Additional Information.
The Manager was organized in 1994 to perform advisory services for investment companies. The Sub-Adviser is a registered investment adviser organized in 1999. The Manager and its affiliates had approximately $1.04 trillion in investment company and other portfolio assets under management as of June 30, 2006.
From time to time, a manager, analyst, or other employee of the Manager or its affiliates may express views regarding a particular asset class, company, security, industry, or market sector. The views expressed by any such person are the views of only that individual as of the time expressed and do not necessarily represent the views of the Manager or any other person within the BlackRock organization. Any such views are subject to change at any time based upon market or other conditions and the Manager disclaims any responsibility to update such views. These views may not be relied on as investment advice and, because investment decisions for the Fund are based on numerous factors, may not be relied on as an indication of trading intent on behalf of the Fund.
Conflicts of Interest
The investment activities of the Manager and its affiliates in the management of, or their interest in, their own accounts and other accounts they manage, may present conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the Fund and its shareholders. The Manager provides investment management services to other funds and discretionary managed accounts that follow an investment program similar to that of the Fund. The Manager and its affiliates (including, for these purposes, Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc., BlackRock Inc., PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. and their affiliates, directors, partners, trustees, managing members, officers and employees (collectively, the Affiliates)), are involved with a broad spectrum of financial services and asset management activities, and may engage in the ordinary course of business in activities in which their interests or the interests of their clients may conflict with those of the Fund. The trading activities of these Affiliates are carried out without reference to positions held directly or indirectly by the Fund and may result in the Manager or an Affiliate having positions that are adverse to those of the Fund. Neither the Manager nor any Affiliate is under any obligation to share any investment opportunity, idea or strategy with the Fund. As a result, the Manager or an Affiliate may compete with the Fund for appropriate investment opportunities. In addition, the Fund may invest in securities of companies with which an Affiliate has or is trying to develop investment banking relationships or in which an Affiliate has significant debt or equity investments. The Fund also may invest in securities of companies for which an Affiliate provides or may some day provide research coverage. The Fund may also make brokerage and other payments to an Affiliate in connection with the Funds portfolio investment transactions.
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Under a securities lending program approved by the Funds Board of Directors, the Fund has retained an Affiliate of the Manager to serve as the securities lending agent for the Fund to the extent that the Fund participates in the securities lending program. For these services, the lending agent may receive a fee from the Fund, including a fee based on the returns earned on the Funds investment of the cash received as collateral for the loaned securities. In addition, one or more Affiliates may be among the entities to which the Fund may lend its portfolio securities under the securities lending program.
The activities of the Manager or its Affiliates may give rise to other conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the Fund and its shareholders. The Manager has adopted policies and procedures designed to address these potential conflicts of interest. See the Statement of Additional Information for further information.
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The Financial Highlights table is intended to help you understand the Funds financial performance for the past five years. Certain information reflects the financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends). The information for each period, with the exception of the six months ended June 30, 2006, has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP , whose report, along with the Funds financial statements, is included in the Funds Annual Report, which is available upon request.
Investor A |
Investor B |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the
Six
(unaudited) |
For the Year Ended
December 31, |
For the Six
June 30,
(unaudited) |
For the Year Ended
December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Per Share Operating
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning
|
$ | 24.52 | $ | 20.64 | $ | 18.75 | $ | 13.64 | $ | 16.65 | $ | 20.08 | $ | 22.65 | $ | 19.10 | $ | 17.24 | $ | 12.64 | $ | 15.60 | $ | 18.79 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment income
|
.09 | .10 | .08 | .08 | .03 | .01 | (.02 | ) | (.05 | ) | (.07 | ) | (.03 | ) | (.08 | ) | (.12 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Realized and unrealized
|
2.15 | (b) | 4.29 | (b) | 2.87 | (b) | 5.03 | (2.38 | ) | (2.81 | ) | 2.00 | (b) | 3.92 | (b) | 2.65 | (b) | 4.63 | (2.22 | ) | (2.63 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total from investment
|
2.24 | 4.39 | 2.95 | 5.11 | (2.35 | ) | (2.80 | ) | 1.98 | 3.87 | 2.58 | 4.60 | (2.30 | ) | (2.75 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less dividends from investment income net |
| (.51 | ) | (1.06 | ) | | (.66 | ) | (.63 | ) | | (.32 | ) | (.72 | ) | | (.66 | ) | (.44 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of
|
$ | 26.76 | $ | 24.52 | $ | 20.64 | $ | 18.75 | $ | 13.64 | $ | 16.65 | $ | 24.63 | $ | 22.65 | $ | 19.10 | $ | 17.24 | $ | 12.64 | $ | 15.60 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Investment
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Based on net asset value
|
9.14 | %(e) | 21.46 | % | 16.22 | % | 37.46 | % | (14.72 | )% | (13.87 | )% | 8.74 | %(e) | 20.48 | % | 15.34 | % | 36.39 | % | (15.41 | )% | (14.57 | )% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses |
1.07 | %(d) | 1.13 | % | 1.14 | % | 1.21 | % | 1.21 | % | 1.14 | % | 1.84 | %(d) | 1.90 | % | 1.92 | % | 2.00 | % | 2.00 | % | 1.92 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment income
|
.67 | %(d) | .48 | % | .43 | % | .55 | % | .20 | % | .07 | % | (.13 | )%(d) | (.25 | )% | (.37 | )% | (.22 | )% | (.57 | )% | (.69 | )% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) |
$ | 298,894 | $ | 249,078 | $ | 188,572 | $ | 153,191 | $ | 109,718 | $ | 133,027 | $ | 74,043 | $ | 79,128 | $ | 94,667 | $ | 118,551 | $ | 115,930 | $ | 225,709 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover |
5.95 | % | 21.78 | % | 20.09 | % | 34.08 | % | 11.68 | % | 8.88 | % | 5.95 | % | 21.78 | % | 20.09 | % | 34.08 | % | 11.68 | % | 8.88 | % |
(a) | Based on average shares outstanding. |
(b) | Includes redemption fee, which is less than $.01 per share. |
(c) | Total investment returns exclude the effects of sales charges. |
(d) | Annualized. |
(e) | Aggregate total investment return. |
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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (continued)
Investor C |
Institutional |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the
Six
2006
|
For the Year Ended December 31, |
For the
Six
2006
|
For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Per Share Operating Performance: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$ | 21.75 | $ | 18.41 | $ | 16.78 | $ | 12.30 | $ | 15.20 | $ | 18.36 | $ | 24.65 | $ | 20.74 | $ | 18.87 | $ | 13.68 | $ | 16.67 | $ | 20.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment income (loss) net(a) |
(.01 | ) | (.06 | ) | (.06 | ) | (.03 | ) | (.08 | ) | (.12 | ) | .12 | .16 | .13 | .12 | .07 | .06 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Realized and unrealized gain (loss) net |
1.90 | (b) | 3.80 | (b) | 2.56 | (b) | 4.51 | (2.16 | ) | (2.57 | ) | 2.16 | (b) | 4.31 | (b) | 2.88 | (b) | 5.07 | (2.40 | ) | (2.81 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations |
1.89 | 3.74 | 2.50 | 4.48 | (2.24 | ) | (2.69 | ) | 2.28 | 4.47 | 3.01 | 5.19 | (2.33 | ) | (2.75 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less dividends from investment income net |
| (.40 | ) | (.87 | ) | | (.66 | ) | (.47 | ) | | (.56 | ) | (1.14 | ) | | (.66 | ) | (.68 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$ | 23.64 | $ | 21.75 | $ | 18.41 | $ | 16.78 | $ | 12.30 | $ | 15.20 | $ | 26.93 | $ | 24.65 | $ | 20.74 | $ | 18.87 | $ | 13.68 | $ | 16.67 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Investment Return:(c) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Based on net asset value per share |
8.69 | %(e) | 20.54 | % | 15.34 | % | 36.42 | % | (15.42 | )% | (14.59 | )% | 9.25 | %(e) | 21.75 | % | 16.48 | % | 37.94 | % | (14.58 | )% | (13.63 | )% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses |
1.83 | %(d) | 1.90 | % | 1.92 | % | 2.00 | % | 2.00 | % | 1.92 | % | .82 | %(d) | .88 | % | .89 | % | .96 | % | .96 | % | .89 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment income (loss) net |
(.07 | )%(d) | (.33 | )% | (.36 | )% | (.26 | )% | (.59 | )% | (.70 | )% | .91 | %(d) | .74 | % | .66 | % | .81 | % | .48 | % | .33 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) |
$ | 140,005 | $ | 107,893 | $ | 63,988 | $ | 45,458 | $ | 31,748 | $ | 51,343 | $ | 524,522 | $ | 397,782 | $ | 343,639 | $ | 312,607 | $ | 228,069 | $ | 352,632 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio turnover |
5.95 | % | 21.78 | % | 20.09 | % | 34.08 | % | 11.68 | % | 8.88 | % | 5.95 | % | 21.78 | % | 20.09 | % | 34.08 | % | 11.68 | % | 8.88 | % |
(a) | Based on average shares outstanding. |
(b) | Includes redemption fee, which is less than $.01 per share. |
(c) | Total investment returns exclude the effects of sales charges. Effective December 28, 2005, Institutional shares are no longer subject to any front-end sales charge. |
(d) | Annualized. |
(e) | Aggregate total investment return. |
42
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (concluded)
Class R
|
||||||||||||||||
For the
June 30, 2006
|
For the Year
Ended December 31, |
For the Period
2003 |
||||||||||||||
2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||||||
Per Share Operating Performance: |
||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period |
$ | 22.67 | $ | 19.14 | $ | 17.53 | $ | 12.61 | ||||||||
Investment income net(b) |
.06 | .03 | .06 | .20 | ||||||||||||
Realized and unrealized gain net |
1.98 | (c) | 3.99 | (c) | 2.67 | (c) | 4.72 | |||||||||
Total from investment operations |
2.04 | 4.02 | 2.73 | 4.92 | ||||||||||||
Less dividends from investment income net |
| (.49 | ) | (1.12 | ) | | ||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period |
$ | 24.71 | $ | 22.67 | $ | 19.14 | $ | 17.53 | ||||||||
Total Investment Return: |
||||||||||||||||
Based on net asset value per share |
9.00 | %(d) | 21.25 | % | 16.14 | % | 39.02 | %(d) | ||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets: |
||||||||||||||||
Expenses |
1.31 | %(e) | 1.35 | % | 1.18 | % | 1.46 | %(e) | ||||||||
Investment income net |
.46 | %(e) | .14 | % | .40 | % | .31 | %(e) | ||||||||
Supplemental Data: |
||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) |
$ | 2,976 | $ | 1,468 | $ | 443 | | (f) | ||||||||
Portfolio turnover |
5.95 | % | 21.78 | % | 20.09 | % | 34.08 | % |
(a) | Commencement of operations. |
(b) | Based on average shares outstanding. |
(c) | Includes redemption fee, which is less than $.01 per share. |
(d) | Aggregate total investment return. |
(e) | Annualized. |
(f) | Amount is less than $1,000. |
43
FUND
BlackRock Pacific Fund, Inc.
P.O. Box 9011
Princeton, New Jersey 08543-9011
(800) 441-7762
MANAGER
BlackRock Advisors, LLC
100 Bellevue Parkway
Wilmington, Delaware 19809
SUB-ADVISER
BlackRock Investment Management, LLC
P.O. Box 9011
Princeton, New Jersey 08543-9011
TRANSFER AGENT
PFPC, Inc.
P.O. Box 9819
Providence, Rhode Island 02940-8019
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Deloitte & Touche LLP
750 College Road East
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
ACCOUNTING SERVICES PROVIDER
State Street Bank and Trust Company
500 College Road East
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
DISTRIBUTORS
BlackRock Distributors, Inc.
760 Moore Road
King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406
FAM Distributors, Inc.
P.O. Box 9081
Princeton, New Jersey 08543-9081
CUSTODIAN
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
4 Chase Metro Tech Center
Brooklyn, New York 11245
COUNSEL
Sidley Austin LLP
787 Seventh Avenue
New York, New York 10019-6018
Shareholder Reports
Additional information about the Funds investments is available in the Funds Annual and Semi-Annual Reports. In the Funds Annual Report you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds performance during its last fiscal year. You may obtain these reports at no cost at www.blackrock.com or by calling 800-441-7762.
The Fund will send you one copy of each shareholder report and certain other mailings, regardless of the number of Fund accounts you have. To receive separate shareholder reports for each account, call your financial adviser or other financial intermediary or write to the Transfer Agent at its mailing address. Include your name, address, tax identification number and brokerage or mutual fund account number. If you have any questions, please call your financial adviser or other financial intermediary or call the Transfer Agent at 800-441-7762.
Statement of Additional Information
The Statement of Additional Information contains further information about the Fund. The portions of the Statement of Additional Information relating to the Fund are incorporated by reference into (legally considered part of) this Prospectus. The portions of the Statement of Additional Information that do not relate to the Fund are not incorporated by reference, are not part of this Prospectus, and should not be relied on by investors in the Fund. You may obtain a free copy at www.mutualfunds.ml.com or by writing to the Fund at PFPC, Inc., P.O. Box 9819, Providence, Rhode Island 02940-8019 or by calling 800-441-7762.
Prospectus
October 2, 2006
BlackRock Pacific Fund, Inc.
World Wide Web
Access general fund information and specific fund performance. Request mutual fund prospectuses and literature. Forward mutual fund inquiries. www.blackrock.com
Information about the Fund (including the Statement of Additional Information) can be reviewed and copied at the Securities and Exchange Commissions (the Commission) Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Call 1-202-551-8090 for information on the operation of the public reference room. This information is also available on the Commissions Internet site at http://www.sec.gov and copies may be obtained upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section of the Commission, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102.
You should rely only on the information contained in this Prospectus. No one is authorized to provide you with information that is different from information contained in this Prospectus.
INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT FILE #811-2661
© BlackRock
Code #10073-1006BR
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
B LACK R OCK P ACIFIC F UND, I NC.
P.O. Box 9011, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-9011 Phone No. (800) 637-3863
This Statement of Additional Information of BlackRock Pacific Fund, Inc. (the Fund) is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus of the Fund, dated October 2, 2006, which has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) and can be obtained, without charge, by calling 800-441-7762 or by writing to the Fund at the above address. The Funds Prospectus is incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional Information, and Part I of this Statement of Additional Information and the portions of Part II of this Statement of Additional Information that relate to the Fund have been incorporated by reference into the Funds Prospectus. The portions of Part II of this Statement of Additional Information that do not relate to the Fund do not form a part of the Funds Statement of Additional Information, have not been incorporated by reference into the Funds Prospectus and should not be relied upon by investors in the Fund. The Funds audited financial statements are incorporated into this Statement of Additional Information by reference to the Funds 2005 Annual Report and the unaudited financial statements for the six month period ended June 30, 2006 are incorporated into this Statement of Additional Information by reference to the Funds Semi-Annual Report for the six months ended June 30, 2006. You may request a copy of the Annual Report or the Semi-Annual Report at no charge by calling 800-441-7762 between 8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. Eastern time, Monday to Friday.
M ANAGER
B LACK R OCK A DVISORS , LLC
D ISTRIBUTORS
FAM D ISTRIBUTORS, I NC.
B LACK R OCK D ISTRIBUTORS, I NC.
The date of this Statement of Additional Information is October 2, 2006
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I |
||
I-2 | ||
I-3 | ||
I-4 | ||
I-8 | ||
Information on Sales Charges and Distribution Related Expenses |
I-11 | |
I-14 | ||
I-14 | ||
I-14 | ||
I-15 | ||
I-16 | ||
PART II |
||
II-1 | ||
II-32 | ||
II-39 | ||
II-49 | ||
II-50 | ||
II-55 | ||
II-56 | ||
II-59 | ||
II-63 | ||
II-65 | ||
II-68 | ||
A-1 |
P ART I: I NFORMATION A BOUT B LACK R OCK P ACIFIC F UND, I NC.
Part I of this Statement of Additional Information sets forth information about BlackRock Pacific Fund, Inc. It includes information about the Funds Board of Directors, the advisory services provided to and the management fees paid by the Fund, performance data for the Fund, and information about other fees paid by and services provided to the Fund. This Part I should be read in conjunction with the Funds Prospectus and those portions of Part II of this Statement of Additional Information that pertain to the Fund.
I. | Investment Objectives and Policies |
The Funds investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation primarily through investment in equity securities of corporations domiciled in Far Eastern or Western Pacific countries, including Japan, Australia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea and India. This objective is a fundamental policy of the Fund and may not be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Funds outstanding voting securities as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Investment Company Act). The Fund is classified as a non-diversified open-end investment company under the Investment Company Act.
The Fund anticipates that under normal circumstances at least 80% of its net assets will consist of equity securities (as defined in the Prospectus) of companies located in Far Eastern or Western Pacific countries. For this purpose, net assets include any borrowings for investment purposes.
In addition to purchasing equity securities of Far Eastern or Western Pacific issuers traded in those markets, the Fund may invest in American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) or other securities convertible into securities of corporations domiciled in Far Eastern or Western Pacific countries. These securities may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the securities into which they may be converted. ADRs are receipts typically issued by an American bank or trust company which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. EDRs are receipts issued in Europe which evidence a similar ownership arrangement. GDRs are receipts issued throughout the world which evidence a similar ownership arrangement. Generally, ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the U.S. and Europe and are designed for use throughout the world.
It is anticipated that the Japanese common stocks in which the Fund will invest will primarily be those listed on the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and that common stocks of corporations in other Far Eastern and Western Pacific countries generally will be listed on the principal stock exchanges in such countries.
In selecting securities denominated in foreign currencies, BlackRock Advisors, LLC (BlackRock Advisors or the Manager) will consider, among other factors, the effect of movement in currency exchange rates on the U.S. dollar value of such securities. An increase in the value of a currency will increase the total return to the Fund of securities denominated in such currency. Conversely, a decline in the value of the currency will reduce the total return. The Manager may seek to hedge all or a portion of the Funds foreign securities through the use of forward foreign currency contracts, currency options, futures contracts and options thereon.
The Fund reserves the right as a defensive measure to hold other types of securities, including non-convertible debt securities, government and money market securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers, or cash (foreign currencies or U.S. dollars) in such proportions as, in the opinion of management, prevailing market, economic or political conditions warrant. A portion of the portfolio normally will be held in dollars or short term interest-bearing dollar-denominated securities to provide for possible redemptions.
The Fund may invest up to 10% of its net assets in warrants, which are securities permitting, but not obligating, the warrant holder to subscribe for other securities.
I-2
The Fund has the ability to invest in debt securities, although it does not presently intend to do so to any significant degree. Consequently, it has established no rating criteria for the debt securities in which it may invest, and such securities may not be rated at all for creditworthiness. The Fund does not intend to purchase debt securities that are in default or that the Manager believes will be in default.
II. | Investment Restrictions |
The Fund has adopted restrictions and policies relating to the investment of the Funds assets and its activities. Certain of the restrictions are fundamental policies of the Fund and may not be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Funds outstanding voting securities (which for this purpose and under the Investment Company Act, means the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares represented at a meeting at which more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares). The Fund has also adopted certain non-fundamental investment restrictions, which may be changed by the Board of Directors without shareholder approval.
Set forth below are the Funds fundamental and non-fundamental investment restrictions. Unless otherwise provided, all references below to the assets of the Fund are in terms of current market value.
Under its fundamental investment restrictions, the Fund may not:
(1) Invest more than 25% of its total assets, taken at market value at the time of each investment, in the securities of issuers in any particular industry (excluding the U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities).
(2) Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or management.
(3) Purchase or sell real estate, except that, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Fund may invest in securities directly or indirectly secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies that invest in real estate or interests therein.
(4) Make loans to other persons, except that the acquisition of bonds, debentures or other corporate debt securities and investment in government obligations, commercial paper, pass-through instruments, certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances, repurchase agreements or any similar instruments shall not be deemed to be the making of a loan, and except further that the Fund may lend its portfolio securities, provided that the lending of portfolio securities may be made only in accordance with applicable law and the guidelines set forth in its Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, as they may be amended from time to time.
(5) Issue senior securities to the extent such issuance would violate applicable law.
(6) Borrow money, except that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks (as defined in the Investment Company Act) in amounts up to 33 1 / 3 % of its total assets (including the amount borrowed), (ii) the Fund may, to the extent permitted by applicable law, borrow up to an additional 5% of its total assets for temporary purposes, (iii) the Fund may obtain such short term credit as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities and (iv) the Fund may purchase securities on margin to the extent permitted by applicable law. The Fund may not pledge its assets other than to secure such borrowings or, to the extent permitted by the Funds investment policies as set forth in its Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, as they may be amended from time to time, in connection with hedging transactions, short sales, when issued and forward commitment transactions and similar investment strategies.
(7) Underwrite securities of other issuers except insofar as the Fund technically may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act) in selling portfolio securities.
(8) Purchase or sell commodities or contracts on commodities, except to the extent that the Fund may do so in accordance with applicable law and the Funds Prospectus and Statement of Additional
I-3
Information, as they may be amended from time to time, and without registering as a commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act.
Under its non-fundamental investment restrictions, the Fund may not:
(a) Purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the extent such purchases are permitted by applicable law. As a matter of policy, however, the Fund will not purchase shares of any registered open-end investment company or registered unit investment trust, in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(F) or (G) (the fund of funds provisions) of the Investment Company Act, at any time the Funds shares are owned by another investment company that is part of the same group of investment companies as the Fund.
(b) Make short sales of securities or maintain a short position, except to the extent permitted by applicable law. The Fund currently does not intend to engage in short sales, except short sales against the box.
(c) Invest in securities that cannot be readily resold or that cannot otherwise be marketed, redeemed or put to the issuer or a third party, if at the time of acquisition more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in such securities. This restriction shall not apply to securities that mature within seven days or securities that the Board of Directors of the Fund has otherwise determined to be liquid pursuant to applicable law. Securities purchased in accordance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act and determined to be liquid by the Funds Board of Directors are not subject to the limitations set forth in this investment restriction.
(d) Notwithstanding fundamental investment restriction (6) above, borrow amounts in excess of 5% of its total assets, taken at acquisition cost or market value, whichever is lower, and then only from banks as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes.
(e) Change its policy of investing at least 80% of its assets, under normal circumstances, primarily in equity securities (as defined in the Prospectus), of companies located in Far Eastern or Western Pacific countries without 60 days prior written notice to shareholders.
Except with respect to restriction (6), if a percentage restriction on the investment or use of assets set forth above is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, later changes in percentages resulting from changing values will not be considered a violation.
For purposes of investment restriction (1) above, the Fund uses the classifications and sub-classifications of the Morgan Stanley Capital International Index, as a guide to identify industries.
III. | Information on Directors and Officers |
The Board of Directors of the Fund consists of seven individuals, six of whom are not interested persons of the Fund as defined in the Investment Company Act (the non-interested Directors). The Directors are responsible for the oversight of the operations of the Fund and perform the various duties imposed on the directors of investment companies by the Investment Company Act.
Each non-interested Director is a member of the Funds Audit Committee (the Audit Committee). The principal responsibilities of the Audit Committee are the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the Funds independent registered public accounting firm, including the resolution of disagreements regarding financial reporting between Fund management and such independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committees responsibilities include, without limitation, to (i) review with the independent registered public accounting firm the arrangements for and scope of annual and special audits and any other services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm to the Fund; (ii) review with the independent registered public accounting firm any audit problems or difficulties encountered during or related to the conduct of the audit; (iii) ensure that the independent registered public accounting firm submits on a periodic basis a formal written statement with respect to their independence, discuss with the independent registered public accounting firm any relationships or
I-4
services that may impact the objectivity and independence of the Funds independent registered public accounting firm; and (iv) consider information and comments of the independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the Funds accounting and financial reporting policies, procedures and internal control over financial reporting and Fund managements responses thereto. The Board of the Fund has adopted a written charter for the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee has retained independent legal counsel to assist it in connection with these duties. The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005.
Cynthia A. Montgomery and Edward D. Zinbarg are the members of the Funds Nominating Committee. The principal responsibilities of the Nominating Committee are to identify individuals qualified to serve as non-interested Directors of the Fund and to recommend its nominees for consideration by the full Board. While the Nominating Committee is solely responsible for the nomination of the Funds non-interested Directors, the Nominating Committee may consider nominations for the office of Director made by Fund shareholders as it deems appropriate. Fund shareholders who wish to recommend a nominee should send nominations to the Secretary of the Fund that include biographical information and set forth the qualifications of the proposed nominee. The Nominating Committee did not meet during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005.
Biographical Information
Certain biographical and other information relating to the non-interested Directors is set forth below, including their ages, their principal occupations for at least the last five years, the length of time served, the total number of investment companies overseen in the complex of funds advised by the Manager or its affiliates (BlackRock-advised funds) and any public directorships.
Name, Address(a)
|
Position(s)
|
Term of
|
Principal Occupation(s)
|
Number of
|
Public
|
|||||
Ronald W. Forbes (65)(c) | Director | Director since 2000 | Professor Emeritus of Finance, School of Business, State University of New York at Albany since 2000 and Professor thereof from 1989 to 2000; International Consultant, Urban Institute, Washington, D.C. from 1995 to 1999. | 49 registered investment companies consisting of 51 portfolios | None | |||||
Cynthia A. Montgomery (54)(d) | Director | Director since 2000 | Professor, Harvard Business School since 1989; Associate Professor, J.L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Northwestern University from 1985 to 1989; Associate Professor, Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Michigan from 1979 to 1985; Director, Harvard Business School Publishing since 2005; Director, McLean Hospital since 2005. | 49 registered investment companies consisting of 51 portfolios | Newell Rubbermaid, Inc. (manufacturing) | |||||
Jean Margo Reid (60) | Director | Director since 2004 | Self-employed consultant since 2001; Counsel of Alliance Capital Management (investment adviser) in 2000; General Counsel, Director and Secretary of Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., Inc. (investment adviser/broker-dealer) from 1997 to 2000; Secretary, Sanford C. Bernstein Fund, Inc. from 1994 to 2000; Director and Secretary of SCB, Inc. since 1998; Director and Secretary of SCB Partners, Inc. since 2000; and Director of Covenant House from 2001 to 2004. | 49 registered investment companies consisting of 51 portfolios | None | |||||
Roscoe S. Suddarth (71) | Director | Director since 2000 | President, Middle East Institute, from 1995 to 2001; Foreign Service Officer, United States Foreign Service, from 1961 to 1995 and Career Minister from 1989 to 1995; Deputy Inspector General, U.S. Department of State, from 1991 to 1994; U.S. Ambassador to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan from 1987 to 1990. | 49 registered investment companies consisting of 51 portfolios | None |
I-5
Name, Address(a)
|
Position(s)
|
Term of
|
Principal Occupation(s)
|
Number of
|
Public
|
|||||
Richard R. West (68) | Director | Director since 1983 | Professor of Finance from 1984 to 1995, Dean from 1984 to 1993 and since 1995 Dean Emeritus of New York Universitys Leonard N. Stern School of Business Administration. | 49 registered investment companies consisting of 51 portfolios | Bowne & Co., Inc. (financial printers); Vornado Realty Trust (real estate company); Alexanders, Inc. (real estate company) | |||||
Edward D. Zinbarg (71) | Director | Director since 1994 | Self-employed financial consultant since 1994; Executive Vice President of the Prudential Insurance Company of America from 1988 to 1994; Former Director of Prudential Reinsurance Company and former Trustee of the Prudential Foundation. | 49 registered investment companies consisting of 51 portfolios | None |
(a) | The address of each non-interested Director is P.O. Box 9095, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-9095. |
(b) | Each Director serves until his or her successor is elected and qualified, or until his or her death, resignation, or removal as provided in the Funds by-laws or charter or by statute, or until December 31 of the year in which he or she turns 72. |
(c) | Chairman of the Board of Directors and the Audit Committee. |
(d) | Chairman of the Nominating Committee. |
Certain biographical and other information relating to the Director who is an officer and interested person of the Fund as defined in the Investment Company Act and to the other officers of the Fund is set forth below, including their ages, their principal occupations for at least the last five years, the length of time served, the total number of BlackRock-advised funds overseen and any public directorships:
Name, Address(a)
|
Position(s)
|
Term of
and
|
Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years |
Number of
|
Public
|
|||||
Robert C. Doll, Jr. (52)(c) | President and Director | Director(d) and President since 2005 |
Vice Chairman and Director of BlackRock, Inc., and Global Chief Investment Officer for Equities, Chairman of the BlackRock Private Client Operating Committee, and member of the BlackRock Executive Committee since 2006; President of the funds advised by Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, L.P. (MLIM) and its affiliates from 2005 to 2006; President and Chief Investment Officer of MLIM and its affiliate, Fund Asset Management, L.P. (FAM), from 2001 to 2006; Co-Head (Americas Region) thereof from 2000 to 2001 and Senior Vice President from 1999 to 2001; President and Director of Princeton Services, Inc. (Princeton Services) and President of Princeton Administrators, L.P. (Princeton Administrators) from 2001 to 2006; Chief Investment Officer of OppenheimerFunds, Inc. in 1999 and Executive Vice President thereof from 1991 to 1999. |
131 registered investment companies consisting of 178 portfolios | None | |||||
Donald C. Burke (46) | Vice President and Treasurer | Vice President since 1993 and Treasurer since 1999 |
Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2006; First Vice President of MLIM and FAM from 1997 to 2006 and Treasurer thereof from 1999 to 2006; Senior Vice President and Treasurer of Princeton Services from 1999 to 2006 and Director from 2004 to 2006; Vice President of FAM Distributors, Inc. (FAMD) from 1999 to 2006 and Director from 2004 to 2006; Vice President of MLIM and FAM from 1990 to 1997; Director of Taxation of MLIM from 1990 to 2001; Vice President, Treasurer and Secretary of the IQ Funds from 2004 to 2006. |
139 registered investment companies consisting of 186 portfolios | None |
I-6
Name, Address(a)
|
Position(s)
|
Term of
and
|
Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years |
Number of
|
Public
|
|||||
Jeffrey Hiller (55) | Chief Compliance Officer | Chief Compliance Officer since 2004 |
Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. and Fund Chief Compliance Officer since 2006; Chief Compliance Officer of the MLIM/FAM-advised funds and First Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of MLIM (Americas Region) from 2004 to 2006; Chief Compliance Officer of the IQ Funds since 2004; Global Director of Compliance at Morgan Stanley Investment Management from 2002 to 2004; Managing Director and Global Director of Compliance at Citigroup Asset Management from 2000 to 2002; Chief Compliance Officer at Soros Fund Management in 2000; Chief Compliance Officer at Prudential Financial from 1995 to 2000; Senior Counsel in the Securities and Exchange Commissions Division of Enforcement in Washington, D.C. from 1990 to 1995. |
140 registered investment companies consisting of 187 portfolios | None | |||||
Alice A. Pellegrino (46) | Secretary | Secretary since 2004 |
Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2006; Director (Legal Advisory) of MLIM from 2002 to 2006; Vice President of MLIM from 1999 to 2002; Attorney associated with MLIM from 1997 to 2006; Secretary of MLIM, FAM, FAMD and Princeton Services from 2004 to 2006. |
132 registered investment companies consisting of 179 portfolios | None |
(a) | The address of the Interested Director and each officer listed above is P.O. Box 9095, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-9011. |
(b) | Each officer is elected by and serves at the pleasure of the Board of Directors of the Fund. |
(c) | Mr. Doll is an interested person, as defined in the Investment Company Act, of the Fund based on his current and former positions with BlackRock, Inc. and its affiliates. |
(d) | As a Director, Mr. Doll serves until his successor is elected and qualified, until December 31 of the year in which he turns 72, or until his death, resignation, or removal as provided in the Funds by-laws or charter or by statute. |
Share Ownership
Information relating to each Directors share ownership in the Fund and in all registered funds in the BlackRock-advised funds that are overseen by the respective Director (Supervised Funds) as of December 31, 2005 is set forth in the chart below.
Name |
Aggregate Dollar Range
|
Aggregate Dollar Range of
|
||
Interested Director: | ||||
Robert C. Doll, Jr. |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
Non-Interested Directors: | ||||
Ronald W. Forbes |
$10,001-$50,000 | Over $100,000 | ||
Cynthia A. Montgomery |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
Jean Margo Reid |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
Roscoe S. Suddarth |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
Richard R. West |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
Edward D. Zinbarg |
None | Over $100,000 |
Directors of the Fund may purchase Institutional shares of the Fund.
As of August 31, 2006, the Directors and officers of the Fund as a group owned an aggregate of less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. As of June 30, 2006, none of the non-interested Directors of the Fund or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities in affiliates of the Manager.
I-7
Compensation of Directors
The Fund pays each non-interested Director a combined fee of $3,000 per year for service on the Board and the Audit Committee plus $500 per in-person Board meeting attended and $500 per in-person Audit Committee meeting attended. The Chairman of the Audit Committee receives an additional fee of $1,389 per year. The Fund reimburses each non-interested Director for his or her out-of-pocket expenses related to attendance at Board, Audit Committee and Nominating Committee meetings.
The following table sets forth the compensation earned by the non-interested Directors for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 and the aggregate compensation paid to them by all BlackRock-advised funds for the calendar year ended December 31, 2005.
Name |
Compensation
from the Fund |
Pension or Retirement
Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses |
Aggregate Compensation
and Other BlackRock- Advised Funds(a) |
|||
Ronald W. Forbes(b) | $8,419 | None | $304,567 | |||
Cynthia A. Montgomery | $7,000 | None | $254,567 | |||
Jean Margo Reid | $7,000 | None | $254,567 | |||
Roscoe S. Suddarth | $7,000 | None | $254,567 | |||
Richard R. West | $7,000 | None | $254,567 | |||
Edward D. Zinbarg | $7,000 | None | $254,567 |
(a) | For the number of BlackRock-advised funds from which each non-interested Director receives compensation, see chart beginning on p. I-5. |
(b) | Chairman of the Board and the Audit Committee. |
IV. | Management and Advisory Arrangements |
Effective September 29, 2006, the Fund has entered into a management agreement with the Manager (the Management Agreement), pursuant to which the Manager receives for its services to the Fund monthly compensation at the annual rate of 0.60% of the average daily net assets of the Fund.
Prior to September 29, 2006, Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, L.P. (MLIM), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc., acted as the Funds manager and was compensated according to the same management fee rate as the Manager discussed above.
The table below sets forth information about the total management fees paid by the Fund to MLIM, the Funds previous manager, for the periods shown.
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, |
Management Fee | |
2005 |
$4,184,760 | |
2004 |
$3,925,685 | |
2003 |
$3,083,670 |
Effective September 29, 2006, the Manager has entered into a sub-advisory agreement (the Sub-Advisory Agreement) with BlackRock Investment Management, LLC (the Sub-Adviser), pursuant to which the Sub-Adviser receives a fee for the services it provides equal to 74% of the management fee paid to the Manager under the Management Agreement. The Sub-Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
Information Regarding the Portfolio Manager
Benjamin J. Moyer is the Funds portfolio manager and is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds portfolio.
I-8
Other Funds and Accounts Managed
The following table sets forth information about funds and accounts other than the Fund for which the Funds portfolio manager is primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management as of June 30, 2006.
Number of Other Accounts Managed and Assets by Account Type |
Number of Accounts and Assets for Which
Advisory Fee is Performance-Based |
|||||||||||
Name of
Portfolio
|
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles |
Other
Accounts |
Registered
Investment Companies |
Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles |
Other
Accounts |
||||||
Benjamin J. Moyer | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
$264,390,599 | $1,042,834,755 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Portfolio Manager Compensation Overview
The portfolio manager compensation program of BlackRock Advisors and its affiliates (collectively, herein BlackRock Advisors) is critical to BlackRock Advisors ability to attract and retain the most talented asset management professionals. This program ensures that compensation is aligned with maximizing investment returns and it provides a competitive pay opportunity for competitive performance.
Compensation Program
The elements of total compensation for BlackRock Advisors portfolio managers are: fixed base salary, annual performance-based cash and stock compensation (cash and stock bonus) and other benefits. BlackRock Advisors has balanced these components of pay to provide portfolio managers with a powerful incentive to achieve consistently superior investment performance. By design, portfolio manager compensation levels fluctuate both up and down with the relative investment performance of the portfolios that they manage.
Base Salary
Under the BlackRock Advisors approach, like that of many asset management firms, base salaries represent a relatively small portion of a portfolio managers total compensation. This approach serves to enhance the motivational value of the performance-based (and therefore variable) compensation elements of the compensation program.
Performance-Based Compensation
BlackRock Advisors believes that the best interests of investors are served by recruiting and retaining exceptional asset management talent and managing their compensation within a consistent and disciplined framework that emphasizes pay for performance in the context of an intensely competitive market for talent. To that end, the portfolio manager incentive compensation is based on a formulaic compensation program.
BlackRock Advisors formulaic portfolio manager compensation program includes: pre-tax investment performance relative to appropriate competitors or benchmarks over 1-, 3- and 5-year performance periods and a measure of operational efficiency. If a portfolio managers tenure is less than 5-years, performance periods will reflect time in position. For these purposes, the investment performance of the Fund is compared to the Lipper Pacific Region Funds classification. Portfolio managers are compensated based on products they manage. A smaller discretionary element of portfolio manager compensation may include consideration of: financial results, expense control, profit margins, strategic planning and implementation, quality of client service, market share, corporate reputation, capital allocation, compliance and risk control, leadership, workforce diversity, supervision, technology and innovation. All factors are considered collectively by BlackRock Advisors management.
I-9
Cash Bonus
Performance-based compensation is distributed to portfolio managers in a combination of cash and stock. Typically, the cash bonus, when combined with base salary, represents more than 60% of total compensation for the portfolio managers.
Stock Bonus
A portion of the dollar value of the total annual performance-based bonus is paid in restricted shares of stock of BlackRock, Inc. (the Company). Paying a portion of annual bonuses in stock puts compensation earned by a portfolio manager for a given year at risk based on the Companys ability to sustain and improve its performance over future periods. The ultimate value of stock bonuses is dependent on future Company stock price performance. As such, the stock bonus aligns each portfolio managers financial interests with those of the Companys shareholders and encourages a balance between short-term goals and long-term strategic objectives. Management strongly believes that providing a significant portion of competitive performance-based compensation in stock is in the best interests of investors and shareholders. This approach ensures that portfolio managers participate as shareholders in both the downside risk and upside opportunity of the Companys performance. Portfolio managers, therefore, have a direct incentive to protect the Companys reputation for integrity.
Other Compensation Programs
Portfolio managers who meet relative investment performance and financial management objectives during a performance year are eligible to participate in a deferred cash program. Awards under this program are in the form of deferred cash that may be benchmarked to a menu of BlackRock Advisors mutual funds (including their own fund) during a five-year vesting period. The deferred cash program aligns the interests of participating portfolio managers with the investment results of BlackRock Advisors products and promotes continuity of successful portfolio management teams.
Other Benefits
Portfolio managers are also eligible to participate in broad-based plans offered generally to BlackRock employees, including broad-based retirement, 401(k), health, and other employee benefit plans.
Fund Ownership
The following table sets forth the dollar range of equity securities of the Fund beneficially owned by the portfolio manager as of September 22, 2006.
Portfolio Manager |
Dollar
Range |
|
Benjamin J. Moyer |
None |
Potential Material Conflicts of Interest
Real, potential or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day portfolio management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or account, including the following:
Certain investments may be appropriate for the Fund and also for other clients advised by the Manager and its affiliates, including other client accounts managed by the Funds portfolio management team. Investment decisions for the Fund and other clients are made with a view to achieving their respective investment objectives and after consideration of such factors as their current holdings, availability of cash for investment and the size of their investments generally. Frequently, a particular security may be bought or sold for only one client or in different amounts and at different times for more than one but less than all clients. Likewise, because clients of the Manager and its affiliates may have differing investment strategies, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more
I-10
other clients are selling the security. The investment results for the Fund may differ from the results achieved by other clients of the Manager and its affiliates and results among clients may differ. In addition, purchases or sales of the same security may be made for two or more clients on the same day. In such event, such transactions will be allocated among the clients in a manner believed by the Manager to be equitable to each. The Manager will not determine allocations based on whether it receives a performance based fee from the client. In some cases, the allocation procedure could have an adverse effect on the price or amount of the securities purchased or sold by the Fund. Purchase and sale orders for the Fund may be combined with those of other clients of the Manager and its affiliates in the interest of achieving the most favorable net results to the Fund.
To the extent that the Funds portfolio manager has responsibilities for managing accounts in addition to the Fund, the portfolio manager will need to divide his time and attention among relevant accounts.
In some cases, a real, potential or apparent conflict may also arise where (i) the Manager or a portfolio manager may have an incentive, such as a performance based fee, in managing one account and not with respect to other accounts he or she manages or (ii) a portfolio manager owns an interest in one fund or account he or she manages and not another.
Accounting Services
The table below shows the amount paid by the Fund to State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street) and to MLIM, the Funds previous manager, for accounting services for the periods indicated:
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, |
Paid to State Street |
Paid to MLIM | ||
2005 |
$265,915 | $16,359 | ||
2004 |
$256,844 | $12,449 | ||
2003 |
$212,763 | $10,787 |
Transfer Agency Services
The following table sets forth the fees paid to Financial Data Services, Inc., the Funds previous transfer agent, by the Fund for the periods indicated:
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, |
Transfer Agent Fees | |
2005 | $1,085,520 | |
2004 | $1,132,381 | |
2003 | $1,190,614 |
Effective on or about September 29, 2006, PFPC, Inc. will serve as the Funds transfer agent.
V. | Information on Sales Charges and Distribution Related Expenses |
Set forth below is information on sales charges (including any contingent deferred sales charges (CDSCs)) received by the Fund, including the amounts paid to Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (Merrill Lynch) for the periods indicated. Prior to September 29, 2006, FAM Distributors, Inc. (FAMD) was the Funds sole distributor.
I-11
Investor A and Institutional Sales Charge Information
Investor A Shares | ||||||||
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, |
Gross Sales
Charges Collected |
Sales Charges
Retained By Distributor |
Sales Charges
Paid To Merrill Lynch |
CDSCs Received on
Redemption of Load-Waived Shares |
||||
2005 | $288,605 | $21,431 | $267,174 | $0 | ||||
2004 | $159,731 | $13,104 | $146,627 | $266 | ||||
2003 | $91,186 | $6,514 | $84,672 | $0 | ||||
Institutional Shares(a) | ||||||||
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, |
Gross Sales
Charges Collected |
Sales Charges
Retained By Distributor |
Sales Charges
Paid To Merrill Lynch |
CDSCs Received on
Redemption of Load-Waived Shares |
||||
2005 | $8,959 | $1,089 | $7,870 | $0 | ||||
2004 | $12,432 | $1,445 | $10,987 | $0 | ||||
2003 | $6,357 | $664 | $5,693 | $0 |
(a) | Effective December 28, 2005, Institutional shares are no longer subject to a front end sales charge. |
Investor B and Investor C Sales Charges Information
Investor B Shares(a) | ||||
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, |
CDSCs Received
by Distributor |
CDSCs Paid to
Merrill Lynch |
||
2005 | $40,318 | $40,318 | ||
2004 | $45,633 | $45,633 | ||
2003 | $80,056 | $80,056 | ||
Investor C Shares | ||||
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, |
CDSCs Received
by Distributor |
CDSCs Paid to
Merrill Lynch |
||
2005 | $7,776 | $7,776 | ||
2004 | $16,233 | $16,233 | ||
2003 | $2,604 | $2,604 |
(a) | Additional Investor B CDSCs payable to the Distributor may have been waived or converted to a contingent obligation in connection with a shareholders participation in certain fee-based programs. |
As of December 31, 2005, direct cash distribution revenues for the period since the commencement of operations of Investor B shares exceeded direct cash distribution expenses by $61,870,585 (78.15% of Investor B average daily net assets at that date). As of December 31, 2005, direct cash distribution revenues for the period since the commencement of operations of Investor C shares exceeded direct cash distribution expenses by $5,083,744 (6.88% of Investor C average daily net assets at that date). As of December 31, 2005, direct cash distribution revenues for the period since the commencement of operations of Class R shares exceeded direct cash distribution expenses by $3,156 (0.37% of Class R average daily net assets at that date).
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, the Fund paid the Distributor $506,141 pursuant to the Investor A Distribution Plan (based on the average net assets subject to such Investor A Distribution Plan of approximately $203.0 million), all of which was paid to Merrill Lynch for providing account maintenance activities in connection with Investor A shares. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, the Fund paid the Distributor $801,459 pursuant to the Investor B Distribution Plan (based on the average net assets subject to such Investor B Distribution Plan of approximately $80.4 million), all of which was paid to Merrill Lynch for providing account maintenance and distribution-related activities and services in connection with Investor B shares. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, the Fund
I-12
paid the Distributor $745,205 pursuant to the Investor C Distribution Plan (based on the average net assets subject to such Investor C Distribution Plan of approximately $74.7 million), all of which was paid to Merrill Lynch for providing account maintenance and distribution-related activities and services in connection with Investor C shares. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, the Fund paid FAMD $4,122 pursuant to the Class R Distribution Plan (based on average daily net assets subject to such Class R Distribution Plan of approximately $864,627), all of which was paid to Merrill Lynch for providing account maintenance and distribution-related activities and services in connection with Class R shares.
Limitations on the Payment of Deferred Sales Charges
The following table sets forth comparative information as of December 31, 2005 with respect to the Investor B, Investor C and Class R shares of the Fund indicating the maximum allowable payments that can be made under the NASD maximum sales charge rule.
Data Calculated as of December 31, 2005
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Eligible
Gross Sales(a) |
Allowable
Aggregate Sales Charges(b) |
Allowable
Interest on Unpaid Balance(c) |
Maximum
Amount Payable |
Amounts
Previously Paid to Distributor(d) |
Aggregate
Unpaid Balance |
Annual
Distribution Fee at Current Net Asset Level(e) |
|||||||||||||||
Investor B Shares, for the period October 21, 1988
(commencement of operations) to December 31, 2005 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Under NASD Rule as Adopted | $ | 1,811,703 | $ | 112,008 | $ | 79,637 | $ | 191,645 | $ | 75,110 | $ | 116,535 | $ | 588 | |||||||
Investor C Shares, for the period October 21, 1994
(commencement of operations) to December 31, 2005 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Under NASD Rule as Adopted | $ | 307,186 | $ | 21,067 | $ | 10,947 | $ | 32,014 | $ | 6,056 | $ | 25,958 | $ | 778 | |||||||
Class R Shares, for the period January 3, 2003
(commencement of operations) to December 31, 2005 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Under NASD Rule as Adopted | $ | 139 | $ | 9 | $ | 0 | $ | 9 | $ | 2 | $ | 7 | $ | 4 |
(a) | Purchase price of all eligible Investor B, Investor C or Class R shares sold during the periods indicated other than shares acquired through dividend reinvestment and the exchange privilege. |
(b) | Includes amounts attributable to exchanges from BlackRock Summit Cash Reserves Fund (Summit) that are not reflected in Eligible Gross Sales. Shares of Summit can only be purchased by exchange from another fund (the redeemed fund). Upon such an exchange, the maximum allowable sales charge payment to the redeemed fund is reduced in accordance with the amount of the redemption. This amount is then added to the maximum allowable sales charge payment with respect to Summit. Upon an exchange out of Summit, the remaining balance of this amount is deducted from the maximum allowable sales charge payment to Summit and added to the maximum allowable sales charge payment to the fund into which the exchange is made. |
(c) | Interest is computed on a monthly basis based upon the prime rate, as reported in The Wall Street Journal plus 1.00% as permitted under the NASD Rule. |
(d) | Consists of CDSC payments, distribution fee payments and accruals. See Key Facts Fees and Expenses in the Prospectus. This figure may include CDSCs that were deferred when a shareholder redeemed shares prior to the expiration of the applicable CDSC period and invested the proceeds, without the imposition of a sales charge, in Institutional shares in conjunction with the shareholders participation in fee-based programs sponsored by the Manager or its affiliates . The CDSC is booked as a contingent obligation that may be payable if the shareholder terminates participation in such programs. |
(e) | Provided to illustrate the extent to which the current level of distribution fee payments (not including any CDSC payments) is amortizing the unpaid balance. No assurance can be given that payments of the distribution fee will reach the NASD maximum. |
I-13
VI. | Computation of Offering Price Per Share |
An illustration of the computation of the offering price for Investor A, Investor B, Investor C, Institutional and Class R shares of the Fund based on the value of the Funds net assets and number of shares outstanding on December 31, 2005 is set forth below.
Investor A | Investor B | Investor C | Institutional | Class R | ||||||
Net Assets | $249,077,585 | $79,128,009 | $107,892,960 | $397,781,564 | $1,468,382 | |||||
Number of Shares Outstanding | 10,158,501 | 3,492,851 | 4,961,414 | 16,137,285 | 64,784 | |||||
Net Asset Value Per Share (net assets divided by number of shares outstanding) | $24.52 | $22.65 | $21.75 | $24.65 | $22.67 | |||||
Sales Charge (for Investor A Shares: 5.25% of offering price; 5.54% of net asset value per share)(a) | 1.36 | (b) | (b) | (c) | (c) | |||||
Offering Price | $25.88 | $22.65 | $21.75 | $24.65 | $22.67 |
(a) | Rounded to the nearest one-hundredth percent; assumes maximum sales charge is applicable. |
(b) | Investor B and Investor C shares are not subject to an initial sales charge but may be subject to a CDSC on redemption of shares. See Part II of this Statement of Additional Information Purchase of Shares Deferred Sales Charge Alternatives Investor B and Investor C Shares. |
(c) | Institutional and Class R Shares are not subject to any sales charge. |
VII. | Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage |
See Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage in Part II of this Statement of Additional Information for more information.
Information about the brokerage commissions paid by the Fund, including commissions paid to Merrill Lynch, is set forth in the following table:
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, |
Aggregate Brokerage
Commissions Paid |
Commissions Paid
to Merrill Lynch |
||
2005 | $499,218 | $64,138 | ||
2004 | $515,964 | $120,213 | ||
2003 | $730,346 | $100,605 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, the brokerage commissions paid to Merrill Lynch represented 12.85% of the aggregate brokerage commissions paid and involved 12.25% of the Funds dollar amount of transactions involving payment of brokerage commissions during the year.
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, the Funds lending agent received $5,776, $20,343 and $53,421, respectively, in security lending agent fees from the Fund.
VIII. | Fund Performance |
Set forth in the tables below is information on the average annual total return (before and after taxes) for Investor A, Investor B, Investor C, Institutional and Class R shares of the Fund for the periods indicated, expressed as a percentage based on a hypothetical $1,000 investment.
Average Annual Total Return
(including maximum applicable sales charge) |
||||||||||
Period |
Investor A
Shares(a) |
Investor B
Shares(a)(b) |
Investor C
Shares(a) |
Institutional
Shares(a)(c) |
Class R
Shares |
|||||
One Year Ended December 31, 2005 | 15.09% | 16.48% | 19.54% | 21.75% | 21.25% | |||||
Five Years Ended December 31, 2005 | 6.19% | 6.18% | 6.50% | 7.62% | 7.38%(d) | |||||
Ten Years Ended December 31, 2005 | 6.82% | 6.73% | 6.56% | 7.67% | 7.28%(d) |
I-14
Period |
Investor A
Shares(a) |
Investor B
Shares(a)(b) |
Investor C
Shares(a) |
Institutional
Shares(a)(c) |
Class R
Shares |
|||||
One Year Ended December 31, 2005 | 9.83% | 10.75% | 12.73% | 14.17% | 13.85% | |||||
Five Years Ended December 31, 2005 | 4.60% | 4.72% | 4.92% | 5.79% | 5.58%(d) | |||||
Ten Years Ended December 31, 2005 | 4.51% | 4.52% | 4.36% | 5.20% | 4.86%(d) |
(a) | Prior to the date of this Statement of Additional Information, Investor A shares were designated Class A shares, Investor B shares were designated Class B shares, Investor C shares were designated Class C shares and Institutional shares were designated Class I shares. |
(b) | Investor B shares automatically convert to Investor A shares after approximately eight years. All returns for periods greater than eight years reflect this conversion. |
(c) | The returns for Institutional shares do not reflect the Institutional front-end sales charge in effect prior to December 28, 2005. If the sales charge were included, the returns for Institutional shares would be lower. |
(d) | The returns for Class R shares prior to January 3, 2003, the commencement of operations of Class R shares, are based upon performance of the Funds Institutional shares. The returns for Class R shares, however, are adjusted to reflect the distribution and account maintenance (12b-1) fees and other fees applicable to Class R shares. |
IX. | Additional Information |
Principal Shareholders
To the knowledge of the Fund, the following entities owned beneficially or of record 5% or more of the Funds shares as of September 8, 2006:
Name |
Address |
Percentage and Class |
||
MERRILL LYNCH TRUST CO., FSB TRUSTEE FBO DAIMLER CHRYSLER SALARIED SAVINGS PLAN(a) |
800 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536 | 14.20% of Institutional | ||
MERRILL LYNCH TRUST CO., FSB TTEE FBO MERRILL LYNCH(a) |
800 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536 | 5.93% of Institutional | ||
MERRILL LYNCH TRUST CO., FSB TTEE FBO DAIMLER CHRYSLER CORP HRLY(a) |
800 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536 | 11.13% of Institutional | ||
FRONTIER TRUST CO., FSB TTEE TEST QUEST INC.(a) |
800 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536 | 8.37% of Class R |
(a) | Record holder on behalf of certain employee retirement, personal trust or savings plan accounts for which it acts as a trustee. |
Description of Shares
The Fund was incorporated under Maryland law on August 5, 1976. Effective September 29, 2006, the Fund changed its name from Merrill Lynch Pacific Fund, Inc. to BlackRock Pacific Fund, Inc. The Fund has an authorized capital of 700,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.10 per share, divided into five classes, designated Investor A, Investor B, Investor C, Institutional and Class R Common Stock. Investor A, Investor C and Institutional each consists of 100,000,000 shares, and Investor B and Class R each consists of 200,000,000 shares. Shares of Investor A, Investor B, Investor C, Institutional and Class R Common Stock represent an interest in the same assets of the Fund and are identical in all respects except that Investor A, Investor B, Investor C and Class R shares bear certain expenses related to the account maintenance and/or distribution of such shares and have exclusive voting rights with respect to matters relating to such account maintenance and/or distribution expenditures (except that Investor B
I-15
shareholders may vote upon any material changes to expenses under the Investor A Distribution Plan). Each share is entitled to participate equally in dividends and distributions declared by the Fund and in the net assets of the Fund on liquidation or dissolution after satisfaction of outstanding liabilities.
X. | Financial Statements |
The Funds audited financial statements, including the report of the independent registered public accounting firm, are incorporated in the Funds Statement of Additional Information by reference to its 2005 Annual Report. The unaudited financial statements of the Fund for the six month period ended June 30, 2006 are incorporated by reference to the Semi-Annual Report of the Fund for the six month period ended June 30, 2006. You may request a copy of the Annual Report or the Semi-Annual Report at no charge by calling 800-441-7762 between 8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. Eastern time, Monday to Friday.
I-16
PART II
Part II of this Statement of Additional Information contains information about the following funds: BlackRock Balanced Capital Fund, Inc. (Balanced Capital); BlackRock Basic Value Fund, Inc. (Basic Value); BlackRock Basic Value Fund II, Inc. (Basic Value II); BlackRock Developing Capital Markets Fund, Inc. (Developing Capital Markets); BlackRock Equity Dividend Fund (Equity Dividend); BlackRock EuroFund (EuroFund); BlackRock Focus Twenty Fund, Inc. (Focus Twenty); BlackRock Focus Value, Inc. (Focus Value); BlackRock Fundamental Growth Fund, Inc. (Fundamental Growth); BlackRock Global Allocation Fund, Inc. (Global Allocation); BlackRock Global Dynamic Equity Fund (Global Dynamic Equity); BlackRock Global Financial Services Fund, Inc. (Global Financial Services); BlackRock Global Growth Fund, Inc. (Global Growth); BlackRock Global SmallCap Fund, Inc. (Global SmallCap); BlackRock Global Technology Fund, Inc. (Global Technology); BlackRock Global Value Fund, Inc. (Global Value); BlackRock Healthcare Fund, Inc. (Healthcare); BlackRock International Fund (BlackRock International) and BlackRock Small Cap Growth Fund II (Small Cap Growth II), each a series of BlackRock Series, Inc.; BlackRock International Value Fund (International Value) of BlackRock Funds II; BlackRock Large Cap Growth Fund, BlackRock Large Cap Value Fund and BlackRock Large Cap Core Fund, each a series of BlackRock Large Cap Series Funds, Inc. (collectively, Large Cap Series Funds); BlackRock Latin America Fund, Inc. (Latin America); BlackRock Mid Cap Value Opportunities Fund (Mid Cap Value Opportunities) of BlackRock Mid Cap Value Opportunities Series, Inc.; BlackRock Natural Resources Trust (Natural Resources); BlackRock Pacific Fund, Inc. (Pacific); BlackRock Value Opportunities Fund, Inc. (Value Opportunities); and BlackRock Utilities and Telecommunications Fund, Inc. (Utilities & Telecommunications).
Throughout this Statement of Additional Information, each of the above listed funds may be referred to as a Fund or collectively as the Funds.
Each Fund is organized either as a Maryland corporation, a Massachusetts business trust or a Delaware statutory trust. In each jurisdiction, nomenclature varies. For ease and clarity of presentation, shares of common stock and shares of beneficial interest are referred to herein as shares or Common Stock, holders of shares of Common Stock are referred to as shareholders, the trustees or directors of each Fund are referred to as Directors, BlackRock Advisors, LLC is the investment adviser or manager of each Fund and is referred to herein as the Manager, and the investment advisory agreement or management agreement applicable to each Fund is referred to as the Management Agreement. Each Funds Articles of Incorporation or Declaration of Trust, together with all amendments thereto, is referred to as its charter. The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, is referred to herein as the Investment Company Act. The Securities and Exchange Commission is referred to herein as the Commission.
Certain Funds are feeder funds (each, a Feeder Fund) that invest all or a portion of their assets in a corresponding master portfolio (each, a Master Portfolio) of a master trust (each, a Master Trust), a mutual fund that has the same objective and strategies as the Feeder Fund. All investments are generally made at the level of the Master Portfolio. This structure is sometimes called a master/feeder structure. A Feeder Funds investment results will correspond directly to the investment results of the underlying Master Portfolio in which it invests. For simplicity, this Statement of Additional Information uses the term Fund to include both a Feeder Fund and its Master Portfolio.
I NVESTMENT R ISKS AND C ONSIDERATIONS
Set forth below are descriptions of some of the types of investments and investment strategies that one or more of the Funds may use, and the risks and considerations associated with those investments and investment strategies. Please see each Funds Prospectus and the Investment Objectives and Policies section of this Statement of Additional Information for further information on each Funds investment policies and risks. Information contained in this section about the risks and considerations associated with a Funds investments and/or investment strategies applies only to those Funds specifically identified as making each type of investment or using each investment strategy (each, a Covered Fund). Information that does not apply to a Covered Fund does not form a part of that Covered Funds Statement of Additional Information and should not be relied on by investors in that Covered Fund. Only information that is clearly identified as applicable to a Covered Fund is considered to form a part of that Covered Funds Statement of Additional Information.
II-1
Balanced
Capital |
Basic
Value |
Basic
Value II |
Developing
Capital Markets |
Equity
Dividend |
Euro Fund |
Focus
Twenty |
Focus
Value |
Fundamental
Growth |
Global
Allocation |
Global
Dynamic Equity |
Global
Financial Services |
Global
Growth |
||||||||||||||
144A Securities |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Asset-Backed Securities |
X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset-Based Securities |
X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Precious Metal Related Securities |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
Borrowing and Leverage |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Convertible Securities |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Corporate Loans |
X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt Securities |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
Depositary Receipts |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Derivatives |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Hedging |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Indexed and Inverse Securities |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Swap Agreements |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Credit Default Swap Agreements |
X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit Linked Securities |
X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Return Swap Agreements |
X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Types of Options |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Options on Securities and Securities Indices |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Call Options |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Put Options |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Futures |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Foreign Exchange Transactions |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Forward Foreign Exchange Transactions |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Currency Futures |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Currency Options |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Limitations on Currency Hedging |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Risk Factors in Hedging Foreign Currency Risks |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Risk Factors in Derivatives |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Credit Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Currency Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Leverage Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Liquidity Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Additional Risk Factors of OTC Transactions; Limitations on the use of OTC Derivatives |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Distressed Securities |
X | X |
Global
SmallCap |
Global
Technology |
Global
Value |
Health care |
ML
International |
International
Value |
Large
Cap Series Funds |
Latin
America |
Mid Cap
Value Opportunities |
Natural
Resources |
Pacific |
Small
Cap Growth |
Utilities & Tele communications |
Value
Opportunities |
|||||||||||||||
144A Securities |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Asset-Backed Securities |
X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset-Based Securities |
X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Precious Metal Related Securities |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
Borrowing and Leverage |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Convertible Securities |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Corporate Loans |
X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt Securities |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
Depositary Receipts |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Derivatives |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Hedging |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Indexed and Inverse Securities |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Swap Agreements |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Credit Default Swap Agreements |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit Linked Securities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Return Swap Agreements |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Types of Options |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Options on Securities and Securities Indices |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Call Options |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Put Options |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Futures |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Foreign Exchange Transactions |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Forward Foreign Exchange Transactions |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Currency Futures |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Currency Options |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Limitations on Currency Hedging |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Risk Factors in Hedging Foreign Currency Risks |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Risk Factors in Derivatives |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Credit Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Currency Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Leverage Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Liquidity Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Additional Risk Factors of OTC Transactions; Limitations on the use of OTC Derivatives |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Distressed Securities |
II-2
Balanced
Capital |
Basic
Value |
Basic
Value II |
Developing
Capital Markets |
Equity
Dividend |
EuroFund |
Focus
Twenty |
Focus
Value |
Fundamental
Growth |
Global
Allocation |
Global
Dynamic Equity |
Global
Financial Services |
Global
Growth |
Global
SmallCap |
|||||||||||||||
Foreign Investment Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Foreign Market Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Foreign Economy Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Currency Risk and Exchange Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Governmental Supervision and Regulation / Accounting Standards |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Certain Risks of Holding Fund Assets Outside the United States |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Settlement Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Illiquid or Restricted Securities |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Initial Public Offering |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Investment in Other Investment Companies |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Investment in Emerging Markets |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Restrictions on Certain Investments |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Risk of Investing in Asia-Pacific Countries |
X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restrictions on Foreign Investments in Asia-Pacific Countries |
X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risks of Investments in Russia |
X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Junk Bonds |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities |
X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real Estate Related Securities |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase Agreements and Purchase and Sale Contracts |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Securities Lending |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Securities of Smaller or Emerging Growth Companies |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Short Sales |
X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Sovereign Debt |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||
Standby Commitment Agreements |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Stripped Securities |
X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supranational Entities |
X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Utility Industries |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Electric |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Telecommunications |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gas |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Water |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Warrants |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
When Issued Securities, Delayed Delivery Securities and Forward Commitments |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Zero Coupon Bonds |
X |
Global
Technology |
Global
Value |
Healthcare |
ML
International |
International
Value |
Large
Cap Series Funds |
Latin
America |
Mid Cap
Value Opportunities |
Natural
Resources |
Pacific |
Small
Cap Growth |
Utilities &
Telecommunications |
Value
Opportunities |
||||||||||||||
Foreign Investment Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Foreign Market Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Foreign Economy Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Currency Risk and Exchange Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Governmental Supervision and Regulation / Accounting Standards |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Certain Risks of Holding Fund Assets Outside the United States |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Settlement Risk |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Illiquid or Restricted Securities |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Initial Public Offering |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Investment in Other Investment Companies |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Investment in Emerging Markets |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
Restrictions on Certain Investments |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
Risk of Investing in Asia-Pacific Countries |
X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restrictions on Foreign Investments in Asia-Pacific Countries |
X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risks of Investments in Russia |
X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Junk Bonds |
X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real Estate Related Securities |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) |
X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase Agreements and Purchase and Sale Contracts |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Securities Lending |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Securities of Smaller or Emerging Growth Companies |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Short Sales |
X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Sovereign Debt |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Standby Commitment Agreements |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Stripped Securities |
X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supranational Entities |
X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Utility Industries |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Electric |
X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Telecommunications |
X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gas |
X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Water |
X | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Warrants |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
When Issued Securities, Delayed Delivery Securities and Forward Commitments |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Zero Coupon Bonds |
II-3
144A Securities. A Fund may purchase securities that can be offered and sold only to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The Directors have determined to treat as liquid Rule 144A securities that are either freely tradable in their primary markets offshore or have been determined to be liquid in accordance with the policies and procedures adopted by the Funds Directors. The Directors have adopted guidelines and delegated to the Manager the daily function of determining and monitoring liquidity of 144A securities. The Directors, however, will retain sufficient oversight and be ultimately responsible for the determinations. Since it is not possible to predict with assurance exactly how the market for securities sold and offered under Rule 144A will continue to develop, the Directors will carefully monitor a Funds investments in these securities. This investment practice could have the effect of increasing the level of illiquidity in a Fund to the extent that qualified institutional buyers become for a time uninterested in purchasing these securities.
Asset-Backed Securities. Asset-backed securities are pass-through securities, meaning that principal and interest payments net of expenses made by the borrower on the underlying assets (such as credit card receivables) are passed through to a Fund. The value of asset-backed securities, like that of traditional fixed income securities, typically increases when interest rates fall and decreases when interest rates rise. However, asset-backed securities differ from traditional fixed income securities because of their potential for prepayment. The price paid by a Fund for its asset-backed securities, the yield the Fund expects to receive from such securities and the average life of the securities are based on a number of factors, including the anticipated rate of prepayment of the underlying assets. In a period of declining interest rates, borrowers may prepay the underlying assets more quickly than anticipated, thereby reducing the yield to maturity and the average life of the asset-backed securities. Moreover, when a Fund reinvests the proceeds of a prepayment in these circumstances, it will likely receive a rate of interest that is lower than the rate on the security that was prepaid. To the extent that a Fund purchases asset-backed securities at a premium, prepayments may result in a loss to the extent of the premium paid. If a Fund buys such securities at a discount, both scheduled payments and unscheduled prepayments will increase current and total returns and unscheduled prepayments will also accelerate the recognition of income which, when distributed to shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. In a period of rising interest rates, prepayments of the underlying assets may occur at a slower than expected rate, creating maturity extension risk. This particular risk may effectively change a security that was considered short- or intermediate-term at the time of purchase into a longer term security. Since the value of longer-term securities generally fluctuates more widely in response to changes in interest rates than does the value of shorter term securities, maturity extension risk could increase the volatility of the Fund.
Asset-Based Securities. Certain Funds may invest in debt, preferred or convertible securities, the principal amount, redemption terms or conversion terms of which are related to the market price of some natural resource asset such as gold bullion. These securities are referred to as asset-based securities. A Fund will purchase only asset-based securities that are rated, or are issued by issuers that have outstanding debt obligations rated, investment grade (for example, AAA, AA, A or BBB by Standard & Poors (S&P) or Fitch Ratings (Fitch), or Baa by Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) or commercial paper rated A-1 by S&P or Prime-1 by Moodys) or by issuers that the Manager has determined to be of similar creditworthiness. Obligations ranked in the fourth highest rating category, while considered investment grade, may have certain speculative characteristics and may be more likely to be downgraded than securities rated in the three highest rating categories. If an asset-based security is backed by a bank letter of credit or other similar facility, the Manager may take such backing into account in determining the creditworthiness of the issuer. While the market prices for an asset-based security and the related natural resource asset generally are expected to move in the same direction, there may not be perfect correlation in the two price movements. Asset-based securities may not be secured by a security interest in or claim on the underlying natural resource asset. The asset-based securities in which a Fund may invest may bear interest or pay preferred dividends at below market (or even relatively nominal) rates. Certain asset-based securities may be payable at maturity in cash at the stated principal amount or, at the option of the holder, directly in a stated amount of the asset to which it is related. In such instance, because no Fund presently intends to invest directly in natural resource assets, a Fund would sell the asset-based security in the secondary market, to the extent one exists, prior to maturity if the value of the stated amount of the asset exceeds the stated principal amount and thereby realize the appreciation in the underlying asset.
Precious Metal-Related Securities . A Fund may invest in the equity securities of companies that explore for, extract, process or deal in precious metals ( e.g. , gold, silver and platinum), and in asset-based securities indexed to the value of such metals. Such securities may be purchased when they are believed to be attractively priced in relation to the value of a companys precious metal-related assets or when the values of precious metals are expected to benefit from inflationary pressure or other economic, political or financial uncertainty or instability. Based on historical
II-4
experience, during periods of economic or financial instability the securities of companies involved in precious metals may be subject to extreme price fluctuations, reflecting the high volatility of precious metal prices during such periods. In addition, the instability of precious metal prices may result in volatile earnings of precious metal-related companies, which may, in turn, adversely affect the financial condition of such companies.
The major producers of gold include the Republic of South Africa, Russia, Canada, the United States, Brazil and Australia. Sales of gold by Russia are largely unpredictable and often relate to political and economic considerations rather than to market forces. Economic, financial, social and political factors within South Africa may significantly affect South African gold production.
Borrowing and Leverage. Each Fund may borrow as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including to meet redemptions or to settle securities transactions. Most Funds will not purchase securities at any time when borrowings exceed 5% of their total assets, except (a) to honor prior commitments or (b) to exercise subscription rights when outstanding borrowings have been obtained exclusively for settlements of other securities transactions. Certain Funds may also borrow in order to make investments. The purchase of securities while borrowings are outstanding will have the effect of leveraging the Fund. Such leveraging increases the Funds exposure to capital risk, and borrowed funds are subject to interest costs that will reduce net income. The use of leverage by a Fund creates an opportunity for greater total return, but, at the same time, creates special risks. For example, leveraging may exaggerate changes in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the yield on the Funds portfolio. Although the principal of such borrowings will be fixed, the Funds assets may change in value during the time the borrowings are outstanding. Borrowings will create interest expenses for the Fund that can exceed the income from the assets purchased with the borrowings. To the extent the income or capital appreciation derived from securities purchased with borrowed funds exceeds the interest the Fund will have to pay on the borrowings, the Funds return will be greater than if leverage had not been used. Conversely, if the income or capital appreciation from the securities purchased with such borrowed funds is not sufficient to cover the cost of borrowing, the return to the Fund will be less than if leverage had not been used and, therefore, the amount available for distribution to shareholders as dividends will be reduced. In the latter case, the Manager in its best judgment nevertheless may determine to maintain the Funds leveraged position if it expects that the benefits to the Funds shareholders of maintaining the leveraged position will outweigh the current reduced return.
Certain types of borrowings by a Fund may result in the Fund being subject to covenants in credit agreements relating to asset coverage, portfolio composition requirements and other matters. It is not anticipated that observance of such covenants would impede the Manager from managing a Funds portfolio in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and policies. However, a breach of any such covenants not cured within the specified cure period may result in acceleration of outstanding indebtedness and require the Fund to dispose of portfolio investments at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
Each Fund may at times borrow from affiliates of the Manager, provided that the terms of such borrowings are no less favorable than those available from comparable sources of funds in the marketplace.
Convertible Securities. Convertible securities entitle the holder to receive interest payments paid on corporate debt securities or the dividend preference on a preferred stock until such time as the convertible security matures or is redeemed or until the holder elects to exercise the conversion privilege.
The characteristics of convertible securities make them potentially attractive investments for an investment company seeking a high total return from capital appreciation and investment income. These characteristics include the potential for capital appreciation as the value of the underlying common stock increases, the relatively high yield received from dividend or interest payments as compared to common stock dividends and decreased risks of decline in value relative to the underlying common stock due to their fixed income nature. As a result of the conversion feature, however, the interest rate or dividend preference on a convertible security is generally less than would be the case if the securities were issued in nonconvertible form.
In analyzing convertible securities, the Manager will consider both the yield on the convertible security relative to its credit quality and the potential capital appreciation that is offered by the underlying common stock, among other things.
II-5
Convertible securities are issued and traded in a number of securities markets. Even in cases where a substantial portion of the convertible securities held by a Fund are denominated in U.S. dollars, the underlying equity securities may be quoted in the currency of the country where the issuer is domiciled. As a result, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the currency in which the debt security is denominated and the currency in which the share price is quoted will affect the value of the convertible security. With respect to convertible securities denominated in a currency different from that of the underlying equity securities, the conversion price may be based on a fixed exchange rate established at the time the security is issued, which may increase the effects of currency risk. As described below, a Fund is authorized to enter into foreign currency hedging transactions in which it may seek to reduce the effect of exchange rate fluctuations.
Apart from currency considerations, the value of convertible securities is influenced by both the yield on nonconvertible securities of comparable issuers and by the value of the underlying common stock. The value of a convertible security viewed without regard to its conversion feature ( i.e., strictly on the basis of its yield) is sometimes referred to as its investment value. To the extent interest rates change, the investment value of the convertible security typically will fluctuate. At the same time, however, the value of the convertible security will be influenced by its conversion value, which is the market value of the underlying common stock that would be obtained if the convertible security were converted. Conversion value fluctuates directly with the price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value of a convertible security is substantially below its investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. To the extent the conversion value of a convertible security increases to a point that approximates or exceeds its investment value, the price of the convertible security will be influenced principally by its conversion value. A convertible security will sell at a premium over the conversion value to the extent investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed income security. The yield and conversion premium of convertible securities issued in Japan and the Euromarket are frequently determined at levels that cause the conversion value to affect their market value more than the securities investment value.
Holders of convertible securities generally have a claim on the assets of the issuer prior to the common stockholders but may be subordinated to other debt securities of the same issuer. A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in a charter provision, indenture or other governing instrument pursuant to which the convertible security was issued. If a convertible security held by a Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock or sell it to a third party. Certain convertible debt securities may provide a put option to the holder, which entitles the holder to cause the security to be redeemed by the issuer at a premium over the stated principal amount of the debt security under certain circumstances.
A Fund may also invest in synthetic convertible securities. Synthetic convertible securities may include either Cash-Settled Convertibles or Manufactured Convertibles. Cash-Settled Convertibles are instruments that are created by the issuer and have the economic characteristics of traditional convertible securities but may not actually permit conversion into the underlying equity securities in all circumstances. As an example, a private company may issue a Cash-Settled Convertible that is convertible into common stock only if the company successfully completes a public offering of its common stock prior to maturity and otherwise pays a cash amount to reflect any equity appreciation. Manufactured Convertibles are created by the Manager or another party by combining separate securities that possess one of the two principal characteristics of a convertible security, i.e., fixed income (fixed income component) or a right to acquire equity securities (convertibility component). The fixed income component is achieved by investing in nonconvertible fixed income securities, such as nonconvertible bonds, preferred stocks and money market instruments. The convertibility component is achieved by investing in call options, warrants, or other securities with equity conversion features (equity features) granting the holder the right to purchase a specified quantity of the underlying stocks within a specified period of time at a specified price or, in the case of a stock index option, the right to receive a cash payment based on the value of the underlying stock index.
A Manufactured Convertible differs from traditional convertible securities in several respects. Unlike a traditional convertible security, which is a single security that has a unitary market value, a Manufactured Convertible is comprised of two or more separate securities, each with its own market value. Therefore, the total market value of such a Manufactured Convertible is the sum of the values of its fixed income component and its convertibility component.
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More flexibility is possible in the creation of a Manufactured Convertible than in the purchase of a traditional convertible security. Because many corporations have not issued convertible securities, the Manager may combine a fixed income instrument and an equity feature with respect to the stock of the issuer of the fixed income instrument to create a synthetic convertible security otherwise unavailable in the market. The Manager may also combine a fixed income instrument of an issuer with an equity feature with respect to the stock of a different issuer when the Manager believes such a Manufactured Convertible would better promote a Funds objective than alternate investments. For example, the Manager may combine an equity feature with respect to an issuers stock with a fixed income security of a different issuer in the same industry to diversify the Funds credit exposure, or with a U.S. Treasury instrument to create a Manufactured Convertible with a higher credit profile than a traditional convertible security issued by that issuer. A Manufactured Convertible also is a more flexible investment in that its two components may be purchased separately and, upon purchasing the separate securities, combined to create a Manufactured Convertible. For example, the Fund may purchase a warrant for eventual inclusion in a Manufactured Convertible while postponing the purchase of a suitable bond to pair with the warrant pending development of more favorable market conditions.
The value of a Manufactured Convertible may respond to certain market fluctuations differently from a traditional convertible security with similar characteristics. For example, in the event a Fund created a Manufactured Convertible by combining a short-term U.S. Treasury instrument and a call option on a stock, the Manufactured Convertible would be expected to outperform a traditional convertible of similar maturity that is convertible into that stock during periods when Treasury instruments outperform corporate fixed income securities and underperform during periods when corporate fixed income securities outperform Treasury instruments.
Corporate Loans. Commercial banks and other financial institutions or institutional investors make corporate loans to companies that need capital to grow or restructure. Corporate Loans generally bear interest at rates set at a margin above a generally recognized base lending rate that may fluctuate on a day-to-day basis, in the case of the Prime Rate of a U.S. bank, or that may be adjusted on set dates, typically 30 days but generally not more than one year, in the case of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). Consequently, the value of Corporate Loans held by a Fund may be expected to fluctuate significantly less than the value of fixed rate bond instruments as a result of changes in the interest rate environment. On the other hand, because the secondary trading market for certain Corporate Loans may be less developed than the secondary trading market for bonds and notes, a Fund may have difficulty from time to time in valuing and/or selling its Corporate Loans. Borrowers frequently provide collateral to secure repayment of these obligations. Leading financial institutions often act as agent for a broader group of lenders, generally referred to as a syndicate. The syndicate agent arranges the Corporate Loans, holds collateral and accepts payments of principal and interest. If the agent develops financial problems, a Fund may not recover its investment, or there might be a delay in the Funds recovery. By investing in a Corporate Loan, a Fund becomes a member of the syndicate.
The Corporate Loans in which a Fund may invest are subject to the risk of loss of principal and income. Although borrowers frequently provide collateral to secure repayment of these obligations they do not always do so. If they do provide collateral, the value of the collateral may not completely cover the borrowers obligations at the time of investment or at the time of a default. If a borrower files for protection from its creditors under the U.S. bankruptcy laws, these laws may limit a Funds rights to its collateral. In addition, the value of collateral may erode during a bankruptcy case. In the event of a bankruptcy, the holder of a Corporate Loan may not recover its principal, may experience a long delay in recovering its investment and may not receive interest during the delay. Corporate Loans are frequently secured by pledges of, liens on and security interests in the assets of the borrower, and the holders of Corporate Loans are frequently the beneficiaries of debt service subordination provisions imposed on the borrowers bondholders. These arrangements are designed to give Corporate Loan investors preferential treatment over junk bond investors in the event of a deterioration in the credit quality of the issuer. Even when these arrangements exist, however, there can be no assurance that the principal and interest owed on the Corporate Loans will be repaid in full.
A Fund may acquire interests in Corporate Loans by means of an assignment or participation. A Fund may purchase an assignment, in which case the Fund may be required to rely on the assigning institution to demand payment and enforce its rights against the borrower but would otherwise typically be entitled to all of such assigning institutions rights under the credit agreement. Participation interests in a portion of a debt obligation typically result in a contractual relationship only with the institution selling the participation interest and not with the borrower. In purchasing a loan participation, a Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the
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terms of the loan agreement, nor any rights of set-off against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, a Fund will assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution selling the participation to the Fund.
Debt Securities. Debt securities, such as bonds, involve credit risk. This is the risk that the issuer will not make timely payments of principal and interest. The degree of credit risk depends on the issuers financial condition and on the terms of the debt securities. Changes in an issuers credit rating or the markets perception of an issuers creditworthiness may also affect the value of a Funds investment in that issuer. Credit risk is reduced to the extent a Fund limits its debt investments to U.S. Government securities. All debt securities, however, are subject to interest rate risk. This is the risk that the value of the security may fall when interest rates rise. If interest rates move sharply in a manner not anticipated by Fund management, a Funds investments in debt securities could be adversely affected and the Fund could lose money. In general, the market price of debt securities with longer maturities will go up or down more in response to changes in interest rates than will the market price of shorter-term debt securities.
Depositary Receipts. A Fund may invest in the securities of foreign issuers in the form of Depositary Receipts or other securities convertible into securities of foreign issuers. Depositary Receipts may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted. American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) are receipts typically issued by an American bank or trust company that evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) are receipts issued in Europe that evidence a similar ownership arrangement. Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) are receipts issued throughout the world that evidence a similar arrangement. Generally, ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world. A Fund may invest in unsponsored Depositary Receipts. The issuers of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States, and, therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts. Depositary Receipts are generally subject to the same risks as the foreign securities that they evidence or into which they may be converted.
Derivatives
Each Fund may use instruments referred to as derivative securities (Derivatives). Derivatives are financial instruments the value of which is derived from another security, a commodity (such as gold or oil), a currency or an index (a measure of value or rates, such as the S&P 500 Index or the prime lending rate). Derivatives allow a Fund to increase or decrease the level of risk to which the Fund is exposed more quickly and efficiently than transactions in other types of instruments. Each Fund may use Derivatives for hedging purposes. Certain Funds may also use derivatives for speculative purposes to seek to enhance returns. The use of a Derivative is speculative if the Fund is primarily seeking to achieve gains, rather than offset the risk of other positions. When a Fund invests in a Derivative for speculative purposes, the Fund will be fully exposed to the risks of loss of that Derivative, which may sometimes be greater than the Derivatives cost. No Fund may use any Derivative to gain exposure to an asset or class of assets that it would be prohibited by its investment restrictions from purchasing directly.
Hedging . Hedging is a strategy in which a Derivative is used to offset the risks associated with other Fund holdings. Losses on the other investment may be substantially reduced by gains on a Derivative that reacts in an opposite manner to market movements. While hedging can reduce losses, it can also reduce or eliminate gains or cause losses if the market moves in a manner different from that anticipated by the Fund or if the cost of the Derivative outweighs the benefit of the hedge. Hedging also involves correlation risk, i.e. the risk that changes in the value of the Derivative will not match those of the holdings being hedged as expected by a Fund, in which case any losses on the holdings being hedged may not be reduced or may be increased. The inability to close options and futures positions also could have an adverse impact on a Funds ability to hedge effectively its portfolio. There is also a risk of loss by the Fund of margin deposits or collateral in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom the Fund has an open position in an option, a futures contract or a related option. There can be no assurance that a Funds hedging strategies will be effective. No Fund is required to engage in hedging transactions and each Fund may choose not to do so.
A Fund may use Derivative instruments and trading strategies, including the following:
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Indexed and Inverse Securities. A Fund may invest in securities the potential return of which is based on an index or interest rate. As an illustration, a Fund may invest in a debt security that pays interest based on the current value of an interest rate index, such as the prime rate. A Fund may also invest in a debt security that returns principal at maturity based on the level of a securities index or a basket of securities, or based on the relative changes of two indices. In addition, certain Funds may invest in securities the potential return of which is based inversely on the change in an index or interest rate (that is, a security the value of which will move in the opposite direction of changes to an index or interest rate). For example, a Fund may invest in securities that pay a higher rate of interest when a particular index decreases and pay a lower rate of interest (or do not fully return principal) when the value of the index increases. If a Fund invests in such securities, it may be subject to reduced or eliminated interest payments or loss of principal in the event of an adverse movement in the relevant interest rate, index or indices. Indexed and inverse securities involve credit risk, and certain indexed and inverse securities may involve leverage risk, liquidity risk and currency risk. When used for hedging purposes, indexed and inverse securities involve correlation risk. (Furthermore, where such a security includes a contingent liability, in the event of an adverse movement in the underlying index or interest rate, a Fund may be required to pay substantial additional margin to maintain the position.)
Swap Agreements. Certain Funds are authorized to enter into equity swap agreements, which are over-the-counter (OTC) contracts in which one party agrees to make periodic payments based on the change in market value of a specified equity security, basket of equity securities or equity index in return for periodic payments from the other party based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the change in market value of a different equity security, basket of equity securities or equity index. Swap agreements may be used to obtain exposure to an equity or market without owning or taking physical custody of securities, including, but not limited to, in circumstances in which direct investment is restricted by local law or is otherwise prohibited or impractical.
A Fund will enter into an equity swap transaction only if, immediately following the time the Fund enters into the transaction, the aggregate notional principal amount of equity swap transactions to which the Fund is a party would not exceed 5% of the Funds net assets.
Swap agreements are subject to the risk that a party will default on its payment obligations to a Fund thereunder. A Fund will seek to lessen this risk to some extent by entering into a transaction only if the counterparty meets the current credit requirement for OTC option counterparties. Swap agreements are also subject to the risk that a Fund will not be able to meet its obligations to the counterparty. The Fund, however, will deposit in a segregated account, liquid assets permitted to be so segregated by the Commission in an amount equal to or greater than the market value of the liabilities under the swap agreement or the amount it would cost the Fund initially to make an equivalent direct investment, plus or minus any amount the Fund is obligated to pay or is to receive under the swap agreement.
Credit Default Swap Agreements and Similar Instruments. Certain Funds may enter into credit default swap agreements and similar agreements, and may also buy credit-linked securities. The credit default swap agreement or similar instrument may have as reference obligations one or more securities that are not currently held by a Fund. The protection buyer in a credit default contract may be obligated to pay the protection seller an up-front payment or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract, provided generally that no credit event on a reference obligation has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the par value (full notional value) of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount, if the swap is cash settled. A Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If a Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Fund recovers nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the Fund may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity that may have little or no value. As a seller, a Fund generally receives an up-front payment or a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the swap, which typically is between six months and three years, provided that there is no credit event. If a credit event occurs, generally the seller must pay the buyer the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity that may have little or no value.
Credit default swaps and similar instruments involve greater risks than if a Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly, since, in addition to general market risks, they are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risks. A Fund will enter into credit default swap agreements and similar instruments only with
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counterparties who are rated investment grade quality by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization at the time of entering into such transaction or whose creditworthiness is believed by the Manager to be equivalent to such rating. A buyer also will lose its investment and recover nothing should no credit event occur and the swap is held to its termination date. If a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the seller, coupled with the up front or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the Fund. When a Fund acts as a seller of a credit default swap or a similar instrument, it is exposed to many of the same risks of leverage since, if a credit event occurs, the seller may be required to pay the buyer the full notional value of the contract net of any amounts owed by the buyer related to its delivery of deliverable obligations.
Credit Linked Securities . Among the income producing securities in which a Fund may invest are credit linked securities, which are issued by a limited purpose trust or other vehicle that, in turn, invests in a derivative instrument or basket of derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps, interest rate swaps and other securities, in order to provide exposure to certain fixed income markets. For instance, a Fund may invest in credit linked securities as a cash management tool in order to gain exposure to a certain market and/or to remain fully invested when more traditional income producing securities are not available.
Like an investment in a bond, investments in these credit linked securities represent the right to receive periodic income payments (in the form of distributions) and payment of principal at the end of the term of the security. However, these payments are conditioned on the issuers receipt of payments from, and the issuers potential obligations to, the counterparties to the derivative instruments and other securities in which the issuer invests. For instance, the issuer may sell one or more credit default swaps, under which the issuer would receive a stream of payments over the term of the swap agreements provided that no event of default has occurred with respect to the referenced debt obligation upon which the swap is based. If a default occurs, the stream of payments may stop and the issuer would be obligated to pay the counterparty the par (or other agreed upon value) of the referenced debt obligation. This, in turn, would reduce the amount of income and principal that a Fund would receive. A Funds investments in these instruments are indirectly subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments, including, among others, credit risk, default or similar event risk, counterparty risk, interest rate risk, leverage risk and management risk. It is also expected that the securities will be exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933. Accordingly, there may be no established trading market for the securities and they may constitute illiquid investments.
Total Return Swap Agreements. Total return swap agreements are contracts in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in market value of the assets underlying the contract, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or securities indices during the specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from other underlying assets. Total return swap agreements may be used to obtain exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or investing directly in such market. Total return swap agreements may effectively add leverage to the Funds portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.
Total return swap agreements are subject to the risk that a counterparty will default on its payment obligations to the Fund thereunder. Swap agreements also bear the risk that the Fund will not be able to meet its obligation to the counterparty. Generally, the Fund will enter into total return swaps on a net basis ( i.e. , the two payment streams are netted against one another with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). The net amount of the excess, if any, of the Funds obligations over its entitlements with respect to each total return swap will be accrued on a daily basis, and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate net asset value at least equal to the accrued excess will be segregated by the Fund. If the total return swap transaction is entered into on other than a net basis, the full amount of the Funds obligations will be accrued on a daily basis, and the full amount of the Funds obligations will be segregated by the Fund in an amount equal to or greater than the market value of the liabilities under the total return swap agreement or the amount it would have cost the Fund initially to make an equivalent direct investment, plus or minus any amount the Fund is obligated to pay or is to receive under the total return swap agreement.
Options on Securities and Securities Indices . A Fund may invest in options on individual securities, baskets of securities or particular measurements of value or rate (an index), such as an index of the price of treasury securities or an index representative of short-term interest rates.
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Options on Securities and Securities Indices
Types of Options. A Fund may engage in transactions in options on individual securities, baskets of securities or securities indices, or particular measurements of value or rates (an index), such as an index of the price of treasury securities or an index representative of short-term interest rates. Such investments may be made on exchanges and in the over-the-counter markets. In general, exchange-traded options have standardized exercise prices and expiration dates and require the parties to post margin against their obligations, and the performance of the parties obligations in connection with such options is guaranteed by the exchange or a related clearing corporation. OTC options have more flexible terms negotiated between the buyer and the seller, but generally do not require the parties to post margin and are subject to greater credit risk. OTC options also involve greater liquidity risk. See Additional Risk Factors of OTC Transactions; Limitations on the Use of OTC Derivatives below.
Call Options . Each Fund may purchase call options on any of the types of securities or instruments in which it may invest. A purchased call option gives a Fund the right to buy, and obligates the seller to sell, the underlying security at the exercise price at any time during the option period. A Fund also may purchase and sell call options on indices. Index options are similar to options on securities except that, rather than taking or making delivery of securities underlying the option at a specified price upon exercise, an index option gives the holder the right to receive cash upon exercise of the option if the level of the index upon which the option is based is greater than the exercise price of the option.
Each Fund also is authorized to write ( i.e. , sell) covered call options on the securities or instruments in which it may invest and to enter into closing purchase transactions with respect to certain of such options. A covered call option is an option in which a Fund, in return for a premium, gives another party a right to buy specified securities owned by the Fund at a specified future date and price set at the time of the contract. The principal reason for writing call options is the attempt to realize, through the receipt of premiums, a greater return than would be realized on the securities alone. By writing covered call options, a Fund gives up the opportunity, while the option is in effect, to profit from any price increase in the underlying security above the option exercise price. In addition, a Funds ability to sell the underlying security will be limited while the option is in effect unless the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction. A closing purchase transaction cancels out a Funds position as the writer of an option by means of an offsetting purchase of an identical option prior to the expiration of the option it has written. Covered call options also serve as a partial hedge to the extent of the premium received against the price of the underlying security declining.
Each Fund also is authorized to write ( i.e. , sell) uncovered call options on securities or instruments in which it may invest but that are not currently held by the Fund. The principal reason for writing uncovered call options is to realize income without committing capital to the ownership of the underlying securities or instruments. When writing uncovered call options, a Fund must deposit and maintain sufficient margin with the broker-dealer through which it made the uncovered call option as collateral to ensure that the securities can be purchased for delivery if and when the option is exercised. In addition, in connection with each such transaction a Fund will segregate unencumbered liquid securities or cash with a value at least equal to the Funds exposure (the difference between the unpaid amounts owed by the Fund on such transaction minus any collateral deposited with the broker-dealer), on a marked-to-market basis (as calculated pursuant to requirements of the Commission). Such segregation will ensure that the Fund has assets available to satisfy its obligations with respect to the transaction and will avoid any potential leveraging of the Funds portfolio. Such segregation will not limit the Funds exposure to loss. During periods of declining securities prices or when prices are stable, writing uncovered calls can be a profitable strategy to increase a Funds income with minimal capital risk. Uncovered calls are riskier than covered calls because there is no underlying security held by a Fund that can act as a partial hedge. Uncovered calls have speculative characteristics and the potential for loss is unlimited. When an uncovered call is exercised, a Fund must purchase the underlying security to meet its call obligation. There is also a risk, especially with less liquid preferred and debt securities, that the securities may not be available for purchase. If the purchase price exceeds the exercise price, a Fund will lose the difference.
Put Options . Each Fund is authorized to purchase put options to seek to hedge against a decline in the value of its securities or to enhance its return. By buying a put option, a Fund acquires a right to sell the underlying securities or instruments at the exercise price, thus limiting the Funds risk of loss through a decline in the market value of the securities or instruments until the put option expires. The amount of any appreciation in the value of the underlying securities or instruments will be partially offset by the amount of the premium paid for the put option and any
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related transaction costs. Prior to its expiration, a put option may be sold in a closing sale transaction and profit or loss from the sale will depend on whether the amount received is more or less than the premium paid for the put option plus the related transaction costs. A closing sale transaction cancels out a Funds position as the purchaser of an option by means of an offsetting sale of an identical option prior to the expiration of the option it has purchased. A Fund also may purchase uncovered put options.
Each Fund also has authority to write ( i.e. , sell) put options on the types of securities or instruments that may be held by the Fund, provided that such put options are covered, meaning that such options are secured by segregated, liquid assets. A Fund will receive a premium for writing a put option, which increases the Funds return. A Fund will not sell puts if, as a result, more than 50% of the Funds assets would be required to cover its potential obligations under its hedging and other investment transactions.
Each Fund is also authorized to write ( i.e. , sell) uncovered put options on securities or instruments in which it may invest but with respect to which the Fund does not currently have a corresponding short position or has not deposited as collateral cash equal to the exercise value of the put option with the broker-dealer through which it made the uncovered put option. The principal reason for writing uncovered put options is to receive premium income and to acquire such securities or instruments at a net cost below the current market value. A Fund has the obligation to buy the securities or instruments at an agreed upon price if the price of the securities or instruments decreases below the exercise price. If the price of the securities or instruments increases during the option period, the option will expire worthless and a Fund will retain the premium and will not have to purchase the securities or instruments at the exercise price. In connection with such a transaction, a Fund will segregate unencumbered liquid assets with a value at least equal to the Funds exposure, on a marked-to-market basis (as calculated pursuant to requirements of the Commission). Such segregation will ensure that a Fund has assets available to satisfy its obligations with respect to the transaction and will avoid any potential leveraging of the Funds portfolio. Such segregation will not limit the Funds exposure to loss.
Futures
A Fund may engage in transactions in futures and options on futures. Futures are standardized, exchange-traded contracts that obligate a purchaser to take delivery, and a seller to make delivery, of a specific amount of an asset at a specified future date at a specified price. No price is paid upon entering into a futures contract. Rather, upon purchasing or selling a futures contract a Fund is required to deposit collateral (margin) equal to a percentage (generally less than 10%) of the contract value. Each day thereafter until the futures position is closed, the Fund will pay additional margin representing any loss experienced as a result of the futures position the prior day or be entitled to a payment representing any profit experienced as a result of the futures position the prior day. Futures involve substantial leverage risk.
The sale of a futures contract limits a Funds risk of loss from a decline in the market value of portfolio holdings correlated with the futures contract prior to the futures contracts expiration date. In the event the market value of the portfolio holdings correlated with the futures contract increases rather than decreases, however, a Fund will realize a loss on the futures position and a lower return on the portfolio holdings than would have been realized without the purchase of the futures contract.
The purchase of a futures contract may protect a Fund from having to pay more for securities as a consequence of increases in the market value for such securities during a period when the Fund was attempting to identify specific securities in which to invest in a market the Fund believes to be attractive. In the event that such securities decline in value or a Fund determines not to complete an anticipatory hedge transaction relating to a futures contract, however, the Fund may realize a loss relating to the futures position.
A Fund is also authorized to purchase or sell call and put options on futures contracts including financial futures and stock indices. Generally, these strategies would be used under the same market and market sector conditions ( i.e. , conditions relating to specific types of investments) in which the Fund entered into futures transactions. A Fund may purchase put options or write call options on futures contracts and stock indices in lieu of selling the underlying futures contract in anticipation of a decrease in the market value of its securities. Similarly, a Fund can purchase call options, or write put options on futures contracts and stock indices, as a substitute for the purchase of such futures to hedge against the increased cost resulting from an increase in the market value of securities which the Fund intends to purchase.
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Each Funds Manager has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA. The Manager is not, therefore, subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA and each Fund is operated so as not to be deemed a commodity pool under the regulations of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
Foreign Exchange Transactions. A Fund may engage in spot and forward foreign exchange transactions and currency swaps, purchase and sell options on currencies and purchase and sell currency futures and related options thereon (collectively, Currency Instruments) for purposes of hedging against the decline in the value of currencies in which its portfolio holdings are denominated against the U.S. dollar or, with respect to certain Funds, to seek to enhance returns. Such transactions could be effected with respect to hedges on non-U.S. dollar denominated securities owned by a Fund, sold by a Fund but not yet delivered, or committed or anticipated to be purchased by a Fund. As an illustration, a Fund may use such techniques to hedge the stated value in U.S. dollars of an investment in a yen-denominated security. In such circumstances, for example, the Fund may purchase a foreign currency put option enabling it to sell a specified amount of yen for dollars at a specified price by a future date. To the extent the hedge is successful, a loss in the value of the yen relative to the dollar will tend to be offset by an increase in the value of the put option. To offset, in whole or in part, the cost of acquiring such a put option, the Fund may also sell a call option which, if exercised, requires it to sell a specified amount of yen for dollars at a specified price by a future date (a technique called a straddle). By selling such a call option in this illustration, the Fund gives up the opportunity to profit without limit from increases in the relative value of the yen to the dollar. Straddles of the type that may be used by a Fund are considered to constitute hedging transactions. No Fund will attempt to hedge all of its foreign portfolio positions.
Forward Foreign Exchange Transactions. Forward foreign exchange transactions are OTC contracts to purchase or sell a specified amount of a specified currency or multinational currency unit at a price and future date set at the time of the contract. Spot foreign exchange transactions are similar but require current, rather than future, settlement. A Fund will enter into foreign exchange transactions for purposes of hedging either a specific transaction or a portfolio position, or, with respect to certain Funds, to seek to enhance returns. A Fund may enter into a foreign exchange transaction for purposes of hedging a specific transaction by, for example, purchasing a currency needed to settle a security transaction or selling a currency in which the Fund has received or anticipates receiving a dividend or distribution. A Fund may enter into a foreign exchange transaction for purposes of hedging a portfolio position by selling forward a currency in which a portfolio position of the Fund is denominated or by purchasing a currency in which the Fund anticipates acquiring a portfolio position in the near future. A Fund may also hedge portfolio positions through currency swaps, which are transactions in which one currency is simultaneously bought for a second currency on a spot basis and sold for the second currency on a forward basis. Forward foreign exchange transactions involve substantial currency risk, and also involve credit and liquidity risk.
Currency Futures. A Fund may also seek to enhance returns or hedge against the decline in the value of a currency against the U.S. dollar through use of currency futures or options thereon. Currency futures are similar to forward foreign exchange transactions except that futures are standardized, exchange-traded contracts while forward foreign exchange transactions are traded in the OTC market. Currency futures involve substantial currency risk, and also involve leverage risk.
Currency Options. A Fund may also seek to enhance returns or hedge against the decline in the value of a currency against the U.S. dollar through the use of currency options. Currency options are similar to options on securities, but in consideration for an option premium the writer of a currency option is obligated to sell (in the case of a call option) or purchase (in the case of a put option) a specified amount of a specified currency on or before the expiration date for a specified amount of another currency. A Fund may engage in transactions in options on currencies either on exchanges or OTC markets. See Types of Options above and Additional Risk Factors of OTC Transactions; Limitations on the Use of OTC Derivatives below. Currency options involve substantial currency risk, and may also involve credit, leverage or liquidity risk.
Limitations on Currency Hedging. Most Funds will not speculate in Currency Instruments although certain Funds may use such instruments to seek to enhance returns. Accordingly, a Fund will not hedge a currency in excess of the aggregate market value of the securities that it owns (including receivables for unsettled securities sales), or has committed to purchase or anticipates purchasing, which are denominated in such currency. A Fund may, however, hedge a currency by entering into a transaction in a Currency Instrument denominated in a currency other than the currency being hedged (a cross-hedge). A Fund will only enter into a cross-hedge if the Manager believes that (i)
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there is a demonstrable high correlation between the currency in which the cross-hedge is denominated and the currency being hedged, and (ii) executing a cross-hedge through the currency in which the cross-hedge is denominated will be significantly more cost-effective or provide substantially greater liquidity than executing a similar hedging transaction by means of the currency being hedged.
Risk Factors in Hedging Foreign Currency Risks. Hedging transactions involving Currency Instruments involve substantial risks, including correlation risk. While a Funds use of Currency Instruments to effect hedging strategies is intended to reduce the volatility of the net asset value of the Funds shares, the net asset value of the Funds shares will fluctuate. Moreover, although Currency Instruments will be used with the intention of hedging against adverse currency movements, transactions in Currency Instruments involve the risk that anticipated currency movements will not be accurately predicted and that the Funds hedging strategies will be ineffective. To the extent that a Fund hedges against anticipated currency movements that do not occur, the Fund may realize losses and decrease its total return as the result of its hedging transactions. Furthermore, a Fund will only engage in hedging activities from time to time and may not be engaging in hedging activities when movements in currency exchange rates occur.
In connection with its trading in forward foreign currency contracts, a Fund will contract with a foreign or domestic bank, or foreign or domestic securities dealer, to make or take future delivery of a specified amount of a particular currency. There are no limitations on daily price moves in such forward contracts, and banks and dealers are not required to continue to make markets in such contracts. There have been periods during which certain banks or dealers have refused to quote prices for such forward contracts or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which the bank or dealer is prepared to buy and that at which it is prepared to sell. Governmental imposition of credit controls might limit any such forward contract trading. With respect to its trading of forward contracts, if any, a Fund will be subject to the risk of bank or dealer failure and the inability of, or refusal by, a bank or dealer to perform with respect to such contracts. Any such default would deprive the Fund of any profit potential or force the Fund to cover its commitments for resale, if any, at the then market price and could result in a loss to the Fund.
It may not be possible for a Fund to hedge against currency exchange rate movements, even if correctly anticipated, in the event that (i) the currency exchange rate movement is so generally anticipated that the Fund is not able to enter into a hedging transaction at an effective price, or (ii) the currency exchange rate movement relates to a market with respect to which Currency Instruments are not available and it is not possible to engage in effective foreign currency hedging. The cost to a Fund of engaging in foreign currency transactions varies with such factors as the currencies involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing. Since transactions in foreign currency exchange usually are conducted on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are involved.
Risk Factors in Derivatives
Derivatives are volatile and involve significant risks, including:
Credit Risk the risk that the counterparty in a Derivative transaction will be unable to honor its financial obligation to a Fund, or the risk that the reference entity in a credit default swap or similar Derivative will not be able to honor its financial obligations.
Currency Risk the risk that changes in the exchange rate between two currencies will adversely affect the value (in U.S. dollar terms) of an investment.
Leverage Risk the risk associated with certain types of investments or trading strategies (such as, for example, borrowing money to increase the amount of investments) that relatively small market movements may result in large changes in the value of an investment. Certain investments or trading strategies that involve leverage can result in losses that greatly exceed the amount originally invested.
Liquidity Risk the risk that certain securities may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time that the seller would like or at the price that the seller believes the security is currently worth.
Correlation Risk the risk that changes in the value of a Derivative will not match the changes in the value of the portfolio holdings that are being hedged or of the particular market or security to which the Fund seeks exposure.
A Fund intends to enter into transactions involving Derivatives only if there appears to be a liquid secondary market for such instruments or, in the case of illiquid instruments traded in OTC transactions, such instruments satisfy the
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criteria set forth below under Additional Risk Factors of OTC Transactions; Limitations on the Use of OTC Derivatives. However, there can be no assurance that, at any specific time, either a liquid secondary market will exist for a Derivative or the Fund will otherwise be able to sell such instrument at an acceptable price. It may, therefore, not be possible to close a position in a Derivative without incurring substantial losses, if at all.
Certain transactions in Derivatives (such as futures transactions or sales of put options) involve substantial leverage risk and may expose a Fund to potential losses that exceed the amount originally invested by the Fund. When a Fund engages in such a transaction, the Fund will deposit in a segregated account liquid assets with a value at least equal to the Funds exposure, on a mark-to-market basis, to the transaction (as calculated pursuant to requirements of the Commission). Such segregation will ensure that a Fund has assets
Additional Risk Factors of OTC Transactions; Limitations on the Use of OTC Derivatives
Certain Derivatives traded in OTC markets, including indexed securities, swaps and OTC options, involve substantial liquidity risk. The absence of liquidity may make it difficult or impossible for a Fund to sell such instruments promptly at an acceptable price. The absence of liquidity may also make it more difficult for a Fund to ascertain a market value for such instruments. A Fund will, therefore, acquire illiquid OTC instruments (i) if the agreement pursuant to which the instrument is purchased contains a formula price at which the instrument may be terminated or sold, or (ii) for which the Manager anticipates the Fund can receive on each business day at least two independent bids or offers, unless a quotation from only one dealer is available, in which case that dealers quotation may be used.
Because Derivatives traded in OTC markets are not guaranteed by an exchange or clearing corporation and generally do not require payment of margin, to the extent that a Fund has unrealized gains in such instruments or has deposited collateral with its counterparty the Fund is at risk that its counterparty will become bankrupt or otherwise fail to honor its obligations. A Fund will attempt to minimize these risks by engaging in transactions in Derivatives traded in OTC markets only with financial institutions that have substantial capital or that have provided the Fund with a third-party guaranty or other credit enhancement.
Distressed Securities. A Fund may invest in securities, including loans purchased in the secondary market, that are the subject of bankruptcy proceedings or otherwise in default or in risk of being in default as to the repayment of principal and/or interest at the time of acquisition by the Fund or that are rated in the lower rating categories by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (for example, Ca or lower by Moodys and CC or lower by S&P or Fitch) or, if unrated, are in the judgment of the Manager of equivalent quality (Distressed Securities). Investment in Distressed Securities is speculative and involves significant risks.
A Fund will generally make such investments only when the Manager believes it is reasonably likely that the issuer of the Distressed Securities will make an exchange offer or will be the subject of a plan of reorganization pursuant to which the Fund will receive new securities in return for the Distressed Securities. However, there can be no assurance that such an exchange offer will be made or that such a plan of reorganization will be adopted. In addition, a significant period of time may pass between the time at which a Fund makes its investment in Distressed Securities and the time that any such exchange offer or plan of reorganization is completed. During this period, it is unlikely that a Fund will receive any interest payments on the Distressed Securities, the Fund will be subject to significant uncertainty as to whether or not the exchange offer or plan of reorganization will be completed and the Fund may be required to bear certain extraordinary expenses to protect and recover its investment. Even if an exchange offer is made or plan of reorganization is adopted with respect to Distressed Securities held by a Fund, there can be no assurance that the securities or other assets received by a Fund in connection with such exchange offer or plan of reorganization will not have a lower value or income potential than may have been anticipated when the investment was made. Moreover, any securities received by a Fund upon completion of an exchange offer or plan of reorganization may be restricted as to resale. Similarly, if a Fund participates in negotiations with respect to any exchange offer or plan of reorganization with respect to an issuer of Distressed Securities, the Fund may be restricted from disposing of such securities.
Foreign Investment Risks
Foreign Market Risk. Funds that may invest in foreign securities offer the potential for more diversification than a Fund that invests only in the United States because securities traded on foreign markets have often (though not
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always) performed differently from securities traded in the United States. However, such investments often involve risks not present in U.S. investments that can increase the chances that a Fund will lose money. In particular, a Fund is subject to the risk that, because there are generally fewer investors on foreign exchanges and a smaller number of shares traded each day, it may be difficult for the Fund to buy and sell securities on those exchanges. In addition, prices of foreign securities may fluctuate more than prices of securities traded in the United States. Investments in foreign markets may also be adversely affected by governmental actions such as the imposition of punitive taxes. In addition, the governments of certain countries may prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on foreign investing in their capital markets or in certain industries. Any of these actions could severely affect security prices, impair a Funds ability to purchase or sell foreign securities or transfer the Funds assets or income back into the United States, or otherwise adversely affect a Funds operations. Other potential foreign market risks include exchange controls, difficulties in pricing securities, defaults on foreign government securities, difficulties in enforcing favorable legal judgments in foreign courts, and political and social instability. Legal remedies available to investors in certain foreign countries may be less extensive than those available to investors in the United States or other foreign countries.
Foreign Economy Risk. The economies of certain foreign markets often do not compare favorably with that of the United States with respect to such issues as growth of gross national product, reinvestment of capital, resources, and balance of payments position. Certain such economies may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments, the imposition of economic sanctions against a particular country or countries, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers, and other protectionist or retaliatory measures.
Currency Risk and Exchange Risk. Securities in which a Fund invests may be denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. In this case, changes in foreign currency exchange rates will affect the value of a Funds portfolio. Generally, when the U.S. dollar rises in value against a foreign currency, a security denominated in that currency loses value because the currency is worth fewer U.S. dollars. Conversely, when the U.S. dollar decreases in value against a foreign currency, a security denominated in that currency gains value because the currency is worth more U.S. dollars. This risk, generally known as currency risk, means that a stronger U.S. dollar will reduce returns for U.S. investors while a weak U.S. dollar will increase those returns.
Governmental Supervision and Regulation/Accounting Standards. Many foreign governments supervise and regulate stock exchanges, brokers and the sale of securities less than does the United States. Some countries may not have laws to protect investors comparable to the U.S. securities laws. For example, some foreign countries may have no laws or rules against insider trading. Insider trading occurs when a person buys or sells a companys securities based on nonpublic information about that company. Accounting standards in other countries are not necessarily the same as in the United States. If the accounting standards in another country do not require as much detail as U.S. accounting standards, it may be harder for Fund management to completely and accurately determine a companys financial condition. In addition, the U.S. Government has from time to time in the past imposed restrictions, through penalties and otherwise, on foreign investments by U.S. investors such as the Fund. If such restrictions should be reinstituted, it might become necessary for the Fund to invest all or substantially all of its assets in U.S. securities.
Certain Risks of Holding Fund Assets Outside the United States. A Fund generally holds its foreign securities and cash in foreign banks and securities depositories. Some foreign banks and securities depositories may be recently organized or new to the foreign custody business. In addition, there may be limited or no regulatory oversight over their operations. Also, the laws of certain countries may put limits on a Funds ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank or depository or issuer of a security or any of their agents goes bankrupt. In addition, it is often more expensive for a Fund to buy, sell and hold securities in certain foreign markets than in the United States. The increased expense of investing in foreign markets reduces the amount a Fund can earn on its investments and typically results in a higher operating expense ratio for the Fund as compared to investment companies that invest only in the United States.
Settlement Risk. Settlement and clearance procedures in certain foreign markets differ significantly from those in the United States. Foreign settlement procedures and trade regulations also may involve certain risks (such as delays in payment for or delivery of securities) not typically generated by the settlement of U.S. investments. Communications between the United States and emerging market countries may be unreliable, increasing the risk of delayed settlements or losses of security certificates in markets that still rely on physical settlement. Settlements in certain foreign countries at times have not kept pace with the number of securities transactions; these problems may
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make it difficult for a Fund to carry out transactions. If a Fund cannot settle or is delayed in settling a purchase of securities, it may miss attractive investment opportunities and certain of its assets may be uninvested with no return earned thereon for some period. If a Fund cannot settle or is delayed in settling a sale of securities, it may lose money if the value of the security then declines or, if it has contracted to sell the security to another party, the Fund could be liable to that party for any losses incurred.
Dividends or interest on, or proceeds from the sale of, foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes.
Illiquid or Restricted Securities. Each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in securities that lack an established secondary trading market or otherwise are considered illiquid. Liquidity of a security relates to the ability to dispose easily of the security and the price to be obtained upon disposition of the security, which may be less than would be obtained for a comparable more liquid security. Illiquid securities may trade at a discount from comparable, more liquid investments. Investment of a Funds assets in illiquid securities may restrict the ability of the Fund to dispose of its investments in a timely fashion and for a fair price as well as its ability to take advantage of market opportunities. The risks associated with illiquidity will be particularly acute where a Funds operations require cash, such as when the Fund redeems shares or pays dividends, and could result in the Fund borrowing to meet short-term cash requirements or incurring capital losses on the sale of illiquid investments.
A Fund may invest in securities that are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (restricted securities). Restricted securities may be sold in private placement transactions between issuers and their purchasers and may be neither listed on an exchange nor traded in other established markets. In many cases, privately placed securities may not be freely transferable under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction or due to contractual restrictions on resale. As a result of the absence of a public trading market, privately placed securities may be less liquid and more difficult to value than publicly traded securities. To the extent that privately placed securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices realized from the sales, due to illiquidity, could be less than those originally paid by the Fund or less than their fair market value. In addition, issuers whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements that may be applicable if their securities were publicly traded. If any privately placed securities held by a Fund are required to be registered under the securities laws of one or more jurisdictions before being resold, the Fund may be required to bear the expenses of registration. Certain of the Funds investments in private placements may consist of direct investments and may include investments in smaller, less seasoned issuers, which may involve greater risks. These issuers may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent on a limited management group. In making investments in such securities, a Fund may obtain access to material nonpublic information, which may restrict the Funds ability to conduct portfolio transactions in such securities.
Initial Public Offering Risk. The volume of initial public offerings and the levels at which the newly issued stocks trade in the secondary market are affected by the performance of the stock market overall. If initial public offerings are brought to the market, availability may be limited and a Fund may not be able to buy any shares at the offering price, or if it is able to buy shares, it may not be able to buy as many shares at the offering price as it would like. In addition, the prices of securities involved in initial public offerings are often subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than more established stocks.
Investment in Emerging Markets. Certain Funds may invest in the securities of issuers domiciled in various countries with emerging capital markets. Specifically, a country with an emerging capital market is any country that the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation, the United Nations or its authorities has determined to have a low or middle income economy. Countries with emerging markets can be found in regions such as Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe and Africa.
Investments in the securities of issuers domiciled in countries with emerging capital markets involve certain additional risks that do not generally apply to investments in securities of issuers in more developed capital markets, such as (i) low or non-existent trading volume, resulting in a lack of liquidity and increased volatility in prices for such securities, as compared to securities of comparable issuers in more developed capital markets; (ii) uncertain national policies and social, political and economic instability, increasing the potential for expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation, high rates of inflation or unfavorable diplomatic developments; (iii) possible fluctuations in exchange rates, differing legal systems and the existence or possible imposition of exchange controls, custodial restrictions or other foreign or U.S. governmental laws or restrictions applicable to such investments; (iv) national policies that may limit a Funds investment opportunities such as restrictions on investment in issuers or industries
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deemed sensitive to national interests; and (v) the lack or relatively early development of legal structures governing private and foreign investments and private property. In addition to withholding taxes on investment income, some countries with emerging markets may impose differential capital gains taxes on foreign investors.
Emerging capital markets are developing in a dynamic political and economic environment brought about by events over recent years that have reshaped political boundaries and traditional ideologies. In such a dynamic environment, there can be no assurance that any or all of these capital markets will continue to present viable investment opportunities for a Fund. In the past, governments of such nations have expropriated substantial amounts of private property, and most claims of the property owners have never been fully settled. There is no assurance that such expropriations will not reoccur. In such an event, it is possible that a Fund could lose the entire value of its investments in the affected market.
Also, there may be less publicly available information about issuers in emerging markets than would be available about issuers in more developed capital markets, and such issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those to which U.S. companies are subject. In certain countries with emerging capital markets, reporting standards vary widely. As a result, traditional investment measurements used in the United States, such as price/earnings ratios, may not be applicable. Emerging market securities may be substantially less liquid and more volatile than those of mature markets, and company shares may be held by a limited number of persons. This may adversely affect the timing and pricing of the Funds acquisition or disposal of securities.
Practices in relation to settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because a Fund will need to use brokers and counterparties that are less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable. The possibility of fraud, negligence, undue influence being exerted by the issuer or refusal to recognize ownership exists in some emerging markets, and, along with other factors, could result in ownership registration being completely lost. A Fund would absorb any loss resulting from such registration problems and may have no successful claim for compensation.
Restrictions on Certain Investments. A number of publicly traded closed-end investment companies have been organized to facilitate indirect foreign investment in developing countries, and certain of such countries, such as Thailand, South Korea, Chile and Brazil, have specifically authorized such funds. There also are investment opportunities in certain of such countries in pooled vehicles that resemble open-end investment companies. In accordance with the Investment Company Act, a Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in securities of other investment companies, not more than 5% of which may be invested in any one such company. In addition, under the Investment Company Act, a Fund may not own more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any investment company. These restrictions on investments in securities of investment companies may limit opportunities for a Fund to invest indirectly in certain developing countries. Shares of certain investment companies may at times be acquired only at market prices representing premiums to their net asset values. If a Fund acquires shares of other investment companies, shareholders would bear both their proportionate share of expenses of the Fund (including management and advisory fees) and, indirectly, the expenses of such other investment companies.
Risks of Investing in Asia-Pacific Countries. In addition to the risks of foreign investing and the risks of investing in developing markets, the developing market Asia-Pacific countries in which a Fund may invest are subject to certain additional or specific risks. Certain Funds may make substantial investments in Asia-Pacific countries. In many of these markets, there is a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of investors and financial intermediaries. Many of these markets also may be affected by developments with respect to more established markets in the region such as in Japan and Hong Kong. Brokers in developing market Asia-Pacific countries typically are fewer in number and less well capitalized than brokers in the United States. These factors, combined with the U.S. regulatory requirements for open-end investment companies and the restrictions on foreign investment discussed below, result in potentially fewer investment opportunities for a Fund and may have an adverse impact on the investment performance of the Fund.
Many of the developing market Asia-Pacific countries may be subject to a greater degree of economic, political and social instability than is the case in the United States and Western European countries. Such instability may result from, among other things: (i) authoritarian governments or military involvement in political and economic decision-making, including changes in government through extra-constitutional means; (ii) popular unrest associated with
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demands for improved political, economic and social conditions; (iii) internal insurgencies; (iv) hostile relations with neighboring countries; and (v) ethnic, religious and racial disaffection. In addition, the governments of many of such countries, such as Indonesia, have a substantial role in regulating and supervising the economy. Another risk common to most such countries is that the economy is heavily export oriented and, accordingly, is dependent upon international trade. The existence of overburdened infrastructure and obsolete financial systems also presents risks in certain countries, as do environmental problems. Certain economies also depend to a significant degree upon exports of primary commodities and, therefore, are vulnerable to changes in commodity prices that, in turn, may be affected by a variety of factors.
The legal systems in certain developing market Asia-Pacific countries also may have an adverse impact on the Fund. For example, while the potential liability of a shareholder in a U.S. corporation with respect to acts of the corporation is generally limited to the amount of the shareholders investment, the notion of limited liability is less clear in certain emerging market Asia-Pacific countries. Similarly, the rights of investors in developing market Asia-Pacific companies may be more limited than those of shareholders of U.S. corporations. It may be difficult or impossible to obtain and/or enforce a judgment in a developing market Asia-Pacific country.
Governments of many developing market Asia-Pacific countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. In certain cases, the government owns or controls many companies, including the largest in the country. Accordingly, government actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in developing market Asia-Pacific countries, which could affect private sector companies and a Fund itself, as well as the value of securities in the Funds portfolio. In addition, economic statistics of developing market Asia-Pacific countries may be less reliable than economic statistics of more developed nations.
In addition to the relative lack of publicly available information about developing market Asia-Pacific issuers and the possibility that such issuers may not be subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards as U.S. companies, inflation accounting rules in some developing market Asia-Pacific countries require companies that keep accounting records in the local currency, for both tax and accounting purposes, to restate certain assets and liabilities on the companys balance sheet in order to express items in terms of currency of constant purchasing power. Inflation accounting may indirectly generate losses or profits for certain developing market Asia-Pacific companies.
Satisfactory custodial services for investment securities may not be available in some developing Asia-Pacific countries, which may result in the Fund incurring additional costs and delays in providing transportation and custody services for such securities outside such countries.
Certain developing Asia-Pacific countries, such as the Philippines, India and Turkey, are especially large debtors to commercial banks and foreign governments.
Fund management may determine that, notwithstanding otherwise favorable investment criteria, it may not be practicable or appropriate to invest in a particular developing Asia-Pacific country. A Fund may invest in countries in which foreign investors, including management of the Fund, have had no or limited prior experience.
Restrictions on Foreign Investments in Asia-Pacific Countries. Some developing Asia-Pacific countries prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on investments in their capital markets, particularly their equity markets, by foreign entities such as a Fund. As illustrations, certain countries may require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular company or limit the investment by foreign persons to only a specific class of securities of a company which may have less advantageous terms (including price and shareholder rights) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals. There can be no assurance that a Fund will be able to obtain required governmental approvals in a timely manner. In addition, changes to restrictions on foreign ownership of securities subsequent to a Funds purchase of such securities may have an adverse effect on the value of such shares. Certain countries may restrict investment opportunities in issuers or industries deemed important to national interests.
The manner in which foreign investors may invest in companies in certain developing Asia-Pacific countries, as well as limitations on such investments, also may have an adverse impact on the operations of a Fund. For example, a Fund may be required in certain of such countries to invest initially through a local broker or other entity and then
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have the shares purchased re-registered in the name of the Fund. Re-registration may in some instances not be able to occur on a timely basis, resulting in a delay during which a Fund may be denied certain of its rights as an investor, including rights as to dividends or to be made aware of certain corporate actions. There also may be instances where a Fund places a purchase order but is subsequently informed, at the time of re-registration, that the permissible allocation of the investment to foreign investors has been filled, depriving the Fund of the ability to make its desired investment at that time.
Substantial limitations may exist in certain countries with respect to a Funds ability to repatriate investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors. A Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments. It is possible that certain countries may impose currency controls or other restrictions relating to their currencies or to securities of issuers in those countries. To the extent that such restrictions have the effect of making certain investments illiquid, securities may not be available for sale to meet redemptions. Depending on a variety of financial factors, the percentage of a Funds portfolio subject to currency controls may increase. In the event other countries impose similar controls, the portion of the Funds assets that may be used to meet redemptions may be further decreased. Even where there is no outright restriction on repatriation of capital, the mechanics of repatriation may affect certain aspects of the operations of a Fund (for example, if funds may be withdrawn only in certain currencies and/or only at an exchange rate established by the government).
In certain countries, banks or other financial institutions may be among the leading companies or have actively traded securities available for investment. The Investment Company Act restricts a Funds investments in any equity securities of an issuer that, in its most recent fiscal year, derived more than 15% of its revenues from securities related activities, as defined by the rules thereunder. These provisions may restrict a Funds investments in certain foreign banks and other financial institutions.
Risks of Investments in Russia . A Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities issued by companies located in Russia. Because of the recent formation of the Russian securities markets as well as the underdeveloped state of Russias banking system, settlement, clearing and registration of securities transactions are subject to significant risks. Ownership of shares is defined according to entries in the companys share register and normally evidenced by extracts from the register. These extracts are not negotiable instruments and are not effective evidence of securities ownership. The registrars are not necessarily subject to effective state supervision nor are they licensed with any governmental entity. Also, there is no central registration system for shareholders and it is possible for a Fund to lose its registration through fraud, negligence or mere oversight. While a Fund will endeavor to ensure that its interest continues to be appropriately recorded either itself or through a custodian or other agent inspecting the share register and by obtaining extracts of share registers through regular confirmations, these extracts have no legal enforceability and it is possible that subsequent illegal amendment or other fraudulent act may deprive the Fund of its ownership rights or improperly dilute its interest. In addition, while applicable Russian regulations impose liability on registrars for losses resulting from their errors, it may be difficult for a Fund to enforce any rights it may have against the registrar or issuer of the securities in the event of loss of share registration. While a Fund intends to invest directly in Russian companies that use an independent registrar, there can be no assurance that such investments will not result in a loss to the Fund.
Investment in Other Investment Companies. Each Fund may invest in other investment companies, including exchange traded funds. In accordance with the Investment Company Act, a Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in securities of other investment companies. In addition, under the Investment Company Act a Fund may not own more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any investment company and not more than 5% of the value of the Funds total assets may be invested in securities of any investment company. (These limits do not restrict a Feeder Fund from investing all of its assets in shares of its Master Portfolio.) Each Fund has received an exemptive order from the Commission permitting it to invest in affiliated registered money market funds and in an affiliated private investment company without regard to such limitations, provided however, that in all cases the Funds aggregate investment of cash in shares of such investment companies shall not exceed 25% of the Funds total assets at any time. As with other investments, investments in other investment companies are subject to market and selection risk. In addition, if a Fund acquires shares in investment companies, shareholders would bear both their proportionate share of expenses in the Fund (including management and advisory fees) and, indirectly, the expenses of such investment companies (including management and advisory fees). Investments by a Fund in wholly owned investment entities created under the laws of certain countries will not be deemed an investment in other investment companies.
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Junk Bonds . Junk bonds are debt securities that are rated below investment grade by the major rating agencies or are unrated securities that Fund management believes are of comparable quality. Although junk bonds generally pay higher rates of interest than investment grade bonds, they are high risk investments that may cause income and principal losses for a Fund. The major risks in junk bond investments include the following:
| Junk bonds may be issued by less creditworthy companies. These securities are vulnerable to adverse changes in the issuers industry and to general economic conditions. Issuers of junk bonds may be unable to meet their interest or principal payment obligations because of an economic downturn, specific issuer developments or the unavailability of additional financing. |
| The issuers of junk bonds may have a larger amount of outstanding debt relative to their assets than issuers of investment grade bonds. If the issuer experiences financial stress, it may be unable to meet its debt obligations. The issuers ability to pay its debt obligations also may be lessened by specific issuer developments, or the unavailability of additional financing. |
| Junk bonds are frequently ranked junior to claims by other creditors. If the issuer cannot meet its obligations, the senior obligations are generally paid off before the junior obligations. |
| Junk bonds frequently have redemption features that permit an issuer to repurchase the security from a Fund before it matures. If an issuer redeems the junk bonds, a Fund may have to invest the proceeds in bonds with lower yields and may lose income. |
| Prices of junk bonds are subject to extreme price fluctuations. Negative economic developments may have a greater impact on the prices of junk bonds than on those of other, higher rated fixed income securities. |
| Junk bonds may be less liquid than higher rated fixed income securities even under normal economic conditions. There are fewer dealers in the junk bond market, and there may be significant differences in the prices quoted for junk bonds by the dealers. Because junk bonds are less liquid, judgment may play a greater role in valuing certain of a Funds portfolio securities than in the case of securities trading in a more liquid market. |
| A Fund may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting issuer. |
Mortgage-Backed Securities . Mortgage-backed securities represent interests in pools of mortgages in which payments of both principal and interest on the securities are generally made monthly, in effect passing through monthly payments made by borrowers on the residential or commercial mortgage loans that underlie the securities (net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the securities). Mortgage-backed securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates.
Mortgage-backed securities are subject to the general risks associated with investing in real estate securities; that is, they may lose value if the value of the underlying real estate to which a pool of mortgages relates declines. In addition, investments in mortgage-backed securities involve certain specific risks. These risks include the failure of a party to meet its commitments under the related operative documents, adverse interest rate changes and the effects of prepayments on mortgage cash flows. Mortgage-backed securities are pass-through securities, meaning that principal and interest payments made by the borrower on the underlying mortgages are passed through to a Fund. The value of mortgage-backed securities, like that of traditional fixed income securities, typically increases when interest rates fall and decreases when interest rates rise. However, mortgage-backed securities differ from traditional fixed income securities because of their potential for prepayment without penalty. The price paid by a Fund for its mortgage-backed securities, the yield the Fund expects to receive from such securities and the weighted average life of the securities are based on a number of factors, including the anticipated rate of prepayment of the underlying mortgages. In a period of declining interest rates, borrowers may prepay the underlying mortgages more quickly than anticipated, thereby reducing the yield to maturity and the average life of the mortgage-backed securities. Moreover, when a Fund reinvests the proceeds of a prepayment in these circumstances, it will likely receive a rate of interest that is lower than the rate on the security that was prepaid.
To the extent that a Fund purchases mortgage-backed securities at a premium, mortgage foreclosures and principal prepayments may result in a loss to the extent of the premium paid. If a Fund buys such securities at a discount, both scheduled payments of principal and unscheduled prepayments will increase current and total returns and will accelerate the recognition of income, which, when distributed to shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. In a period of rising interest rates, prepayments of the underlying mortgages may occur at a slower than expected rate,
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creating maturity extension risk. This particular risk may effectively change a security that was considered short- or intermediate-term at the time of purchase into a long-term security. Since the value of long-term securities generally fluctuates more widely in response to changes in interest rates than that of shorter-term securities, maturity extension risk could increase the inherent volatility of the Fund. Under certain interest rate and prepayment scenarios, a Fund may fail to recoup fully its investment in mortgage-backed securities notwithstanding any direct or indirect governmental or agency guarantee.
There are currently three types of mortgage pass-through securities: (1) those issued by the U.S. government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac); (2) those issued by private issuers that represent an interest in or are collateralized by pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities; and (3) those issued by private issuers that represent an interest in or are collateralized by whole mortgage loans or pass-through securities without a government guarantee but that usually have some form of private credit enhancement.
Ginnie Mae is a wholly owned U.S. government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Ginnie Mae is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by the institutions approved by Ginnie Mae (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage banks), and backed by pools of Federal Housing Administration (FHA)-insured or Veterans Administration (VA)-guaranteed mortgages.
Obligations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U. S. government. In the case of obligations not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, the Fund must look principally to the agency issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac each may borrow from the U.S. Treasury to meet its obligations, but the U.S. Treasury is under no obligation to lend to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.
Private mortgage pass-through securities are structured similarly to Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac mortgage pass-through securities and are issued by originators of and investors in mortgage loans, including depository institutions, mortgage banks, investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing.
Pools created by private mortgage pass-through issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the private pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers. The insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets a Funds investment quality standards. There can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. Private mortgage pass-through securities may be bought without insurance or guarantees if, through an examination of the loan experience and practices of the originator/servicers and poolers, the Manager determines that the securities meet a Funds quality standards.
A Fund from time to time may purchase in the secondary market (i) certain mortgage pass-through securities packaged and master serviced by PNC Mortgage Securities Corp. (PNC Mortgage) (or Sears Mortgage if PNC Mortgage succeeded to the rights and duties of Sears Mortgage) or Midland Loan Services, Inc. (Midland), or (ii) mortgage-related securities containing loans or mortgages originated by PNC Bank, National Association (PNC Bank) or its affiliates. It is possible that under some circumstances, PNC Mortgage, Midland or other affiliates could have interests that are in conflict with the holders of these mortgage-backed securities, and such holders could have rights against PNC Mortgage, Midland or their affiliates. For example, if PNC Mortgage, Midland or their affiliates engaged in negligence or willful misconduct in carrying out its duties as a master servicer, then any holder of the mortgage-backed security could seek recourse against PNC Mortgage, Midland or their affiliates, as applicable. Also, as a master servicer, PNC Mortgage, Midland or their affiliates may make certain representations and warranties regarding the quality of the mortgages and properties underlying a mortgage-backed security. If one or more of those representations or warranties is false, then the holders of the mortgage-backed securities could trigger an obligation of PNC Mortgage, Midland or their affiliates, as applicable, to repurchase the mortgages from
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the issuing trust. Finally, PNC Mortgage, Midland or their affiliates may own securities that are subordinate to the senior mortgage-backed securities owned by a Fund.
Real Estate Related Securities . Although no Fund may invest directly in real estate, certain Funds may invest in equity securities of issuers that are principally engaged in the real estate industry. Such investments are subject to certain risks associated with the ownership of real estate and with the real estate industry in general. These risks include, among others: possible declines in the value of real estate; risks related to general and local economic conditions; possible lack of availability of mortgage funds or other limitations on access to capital; overbuilding; risks associated with leverage; market illiquidity; extended vacancies of properties; increase in competition, property taxes, capital expenditures and operating expenses; changes in zoning laws or other governmental regulation; costs resulting from the clean-up of, and liability to third parties for damages resulting from, environmental problems; tenant bankruptcies or other credit problems; casualty or condemnation losses; uninsured damages from floods, earthquakes or other natural disasters; limitations on and variations in rents, including decreases in market rates for rents; investment in developments that are not completed or that are subject to delays in completion; and changes in interest rates. To the extent that assets underlying a Funds investments are concentrated geographically, by property type or in certain other respects, the Fund may be subject to certain of the foregoing risks to a greater extent. Investments by a Fund in securities of companies providing mortgage servicing will be subject to the risks associated with refinancings and their impact on servicing rights.
In addition, if a Fund receives rental income or income from the disposition of real property acquired as a result of a default on securities the Fund owns, the receipt of such income may adversely affect the Funds ability to retain its tax status as a regulated investment company because of certain income source requirements applicable to regulated investment companies under the Internal Revenue Code (the Code).
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. REITs are dependent upon management skills, may not be diversified geographically or by property type, and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers and self-liquidation. REITs must also meet certain requirements under the Code to avoid entity level tax and be eligible to pass-through certain tax attributes of their income to shareholders. REITs are consequently subject to the risk of failing to meet these requirements for favorable tax treatment, which could result in reduced distributions to shareholders, and failing to maintain their exemptions from registration under the Investment Company Act. REITs are also subject to the risks of changes in the Code, including changes involving their tax status.
REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risk. Rising interest rates may cause REIT investors to demand a higher annual yield, which may, in turn, cause a decline in the market price of the equity securities issued by a REIT. Rising interest rates also generally increase the costs of obtaining financing, which could cause the value of a Funds REIT investments to decline. During periods when interest rates are declining, mortgages are often refinanced. Refinancing may reduce the yield on investments in mortgage REITs. In addition, since REITs depend on payment under their mortgage loans and leases to generate cash to make distributions to their shareholders, investments in REITs may be adversely affected by defaults on such mortgage loans or leases.
Investing in certain REITs, which often have small market capitalizations, may also involve the same risks as investing in other small capitalization companies. REITs may have limited financial resources and their securities may trade less frequently and in limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities. Historically, small capitalization stocks, such as REITs, have been more volatile in price than the larger capitalization stocks included in the S&P 500 Index. The management of a REIT may be subject to conflicts of interest with respect to the operation of the business of the REIT and may be involved in real estate activities competitive with the REIT. REITs may own properties through joint ventures or in other circumstances in which the REIT may not have control over its investments. REITs may incur significant amounts of leverage.
Repurchase Agreements and Purchase and Sale Contracts. Under repurchase agreements and purchase and sale contracts, the other party agrees, upon entering into the contract with a Fund, to repurchase a security sold to the Fund at a mutually agreed-upon time and price in a specified currency, thereby determining the yield during the term of the agreement. This results in a fixed rate of return insulated from market fluctuations during the term of the agreement, although such return may be affected by currency fluctuations. In the case of repurchase agreements, the
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prices at which the trades are conducted do not reflect accrued interest on the underlying obligation; whereas, in the case of purchase and sale contracts, the prices take into account accrued interest. Both types of agreement usually cover short periods, such as under one week, although they may have longer terms, and may be construed to be collateralized loans by the purchaser to the seller secured by the securities transferred to the purchaser. In the case of a repurchase agreement, as a purchaser, a Fund will require the seller to provide additional collateral if the market value of the securities falls below the repurchase price at any time during the term of the repurchase agreement. The Fund does not have this right to seek additional collateral as a purchaser in the case of purchase and sale contracts. In the event of default by the seller under a repurchase agreement construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities are not owned by the Fund but only constitute collateral for the sellers obligation to pay the repurchase price. Therefore, the Fund may suffer time delays and incur costs or possible losses in connection with disposition of the collateral. A purchase and sale contract differs from a repurchase agreement in that the contract arrangements stipulate that securities are owned by the Fund and the purchaser receives any interest on the security paid during the period. In the event of a default under a repurchase agreement or under a purchase and sale contract, instead of the contractual fixed rate, the rate of return to the Fund would be dependent upon intervening fluctuations of the market values of the securities underlying the contract and the accrued interest on those securities. In such event, the Fund would have rights against the seller for breach of contract with respect to any losses arising from market fluctuations following the default. A Fund may not invest in repurchase agreements or purchase and sale contracts maturing in more than seven days if such investments, together with the Funds other illiquid investments, would exceed 15% of the Funds net assets. Repurchase agreements and purchase and sale contracts may be entered into only with financial institutions that have capital of at least $50 million or whose obligations are guaranteed by an entity that has capital of at least $50 million.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. A Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with the same parties with whom it may enter into repurchase agreements. Under a reverse repurchase agreement, a Fund sells securities to another party and agrees to repurchase them at a mutually agreed-upon date and price. At the time a Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will segregate liquid assets with a value not less than the repurchase price (including accrued interest). Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that (i) the market value of the securities retained in lieu of sale by a Fund may decline below the price of the securities the Fund has sold but is obligated to repurchase and (ii) the price of the securities sold will decline below the price at which the Fund is required to repurchase them. In addition, if the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, such buyer or its trustee or receiver may receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce a Funds obligations to repurchase the securities and the Funds use of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement may effectively be restricted pending such decision.
Securities Lending. Each Fund may lend portfolio securities with a value not exceeding 33 1 /3% of its total assets or the limit prescribed by applicable law to banks, brokers and other financial institutions. In return, the Fund receives collateral in cash or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, which will be maintained at all times in an amount equal to at least 100% of the current market value of the loaned securities. Each Fund maintains the ability to obtain the right to vote or consent on proxy proposals involving material events affecting securities loaned. A Fund receives the income on the loaned securities. Where a Fund receives securities as collateral, the Fund receives a fee for its loans from the borrower and does not receive the income on the collateral. Where a Fund receives cash collateral, it may invest such collateral and retain the amount earned, net of any amount rebated to the borrower. As a result, the Funds yield may increase. Loans of securities are terminable at any time and the borrower, after notice, is required to return borrowed securities within the standard time period for settlement of securities transactions. The Fund is obligated to return the collateral to the borrower at the termination of the loan. A Fund could suffer a loss in the event the Fund must return the cash collateral and there are losses on investments made with the cash collateral. In the event the borrower defaults on any of its obligations with respect to a securities loan, a Fund could suffer a loss where there are losses on investments made with the cash collateral or where the value of the securities collateral falls below the market value of the borrowed securities. A Fund could also experience delays and costs in gaining access to the collateral. Each Fund may pay reasonable finders, lending agent, administrative and custodial fees in connection with its loans. Each Fund has received an exemptive order from the Commission permitting it to lend portfolio securities to affiliates of the Fund and to retain an affiliate of the Fund as lending agent.
Securities of Smaller or Emerging Growth Companies. Investment in smaller or emerging growth companies involves greater risk than is customarily associated with investments in more established companies. The securities of smaller or emerging growth companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than larger,
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more established companies or the market average in general. These companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent on a limited management group.
While smaller or emerging growth company issuers may offer greater opportunities for capital appreciation than large cap issuers, investments in smaller or emerging growth companies may involve greater risks and thus may be considered speculative. Fund management believes that properly selected companies of this type have the potential to increase their earnings or market valuation at a rate substantially in excess of the general growth of the economy. Full development of these companies and trends frequently takes time.
Small cap and emerging growth securities will often be traded only in the over-the-counter market or on a regional securities exchange and may not be traded every day or in the volume typical of trading on a national securities exchange. As a result, the disposition by a Fund of portfolio securities to meet redemptions or otherwise may require the Fund to make many small sales over a lengthy period of time, or to sell these securities at a discount from market prices or during periods when, in Fund managements judgment, such disposition is not desirable.
The process of selection and continuous supervision by Fund management does not, of course, guarantee successful investment results; however, it does provide access to an asset class not available to the average individual due to the time and cost involved. Careful initial selection is particularly important in this area as many new enterprises have promise but lack certain of the fundamental factors necessary to prosper. Investing in small cap and emerging growth companies requires specialized research and analysis. In addition, many investors cannot invest sufficient assets in such companies to provide wide diversification.
Small companies are generally little known to most individual investors although some may be dominant in their respective industries. Fund management believes that relatively small companies will continue to have the opportunity to develop into significant business enterprises. A Fund may invest in securities of small issuers in the relatively early stages of business development that have a new technology, a unique or proprietary product or service, or a favorable market position. Such companies may not be counted upon to develop into major industrial companies, but Fund management believes that eventual recognition of their special value characteristics by the investment community can provide above-average long-term growth to the portfolio.
Equity securities of specific small cap issuers may present different opportunities for long-term capital appreciation during varying portions of economic or securities markets cycles, as well as during varying stages of their business development. The market valuation of small cap issuers tends to fluctuate during economic or market cycles, presenting attractive investment opportunities at various points during these cycles.
Smaller companies, due to the size and kinds of markets that they serve, may be less susceptible than large companies to intervention from the Federal government by means of price controls, regulations or litigation.
Short Sales. Certain Funds may make short sales of securities, either as a hedge against potential declines in value of a portfolio security or to realize appreciation when a security that the Fund does not own declines in value. When a Fund makes a short sale, it borrows the security sold short and delivers it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale. A Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and is often obligated to turn over any payments received on such borrowed securities to the lender of the securities.
A Fund secures its obligation to replace the borrowed security by depositing collateral with the broker-dealer, usually in cash, U.S. Government securities or other liquid securities similar to those borrowed. With respect to uncovered short positions, a Fund is required to deposit similar collateral with its custodian, if necessary, to the extent that the value of both collateral deposits in the aggregate is at all times equal to at least 100% of the current market value of the security sold short. Depending on arrangements made with the broker-dealer from which the Fund borrowed the security, regarding payment received by the Fund on such security, a Fund may not receive any payments (including interest) on its collateral deposited with such broker-dealer.
Because making short sales in securities that it does not own exposes a Fund to the risks associated with those securities, such short sales involve speculative exposure risk. A Fund will incur a loss as a result of a short sale if the price of the security increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the borrowed security. As a result, if a Fund makes short sales in securities that increase in value, it will likely underperform similar mutual funds that do not make short sales in securities. A Fund will realize a gain on a short sale if the security declines in price between those dates. There can be no assurance that a Fund will be able to close
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out a short sale position at any particular time or at an acceptable price. Although a Funds gain is limited to the price at which it sold the security short, its potential loss is limited only by the maximum attainable price of the security, less the price at which the security was sold and may, theoretically, be unlimited.
A Fund may also make short sales against the box without being subject to such limitations. In this type of short sale, at the time of the sale, the Fund owns or has the immediate and unconditional right to acquire the identical security at no additional cost.
Sovereign Debt. Investment in sovereign debt can involve a high degree of risk. The governmental entity that controls the repayment of sovereign debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of such debt. A governmental entitys willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entitys policy towards the International Monetary Fund and the political constraints to which a governmental entity may be subject. Governmental entities may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others abroad to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitment on the part of these governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on the implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of such debtors obligations. Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties commitments to lend funds to the governmental entity, which may further impair such debtors ability or willingness to timely service its debts. Consequently, governmental entities may default on their sovereign debt.
Holders of sovereign debt may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to governmental entities. In the event of a default by a governmental entity, there may be few or no effective legal remedies for collecting on such debt.
Standby Commitment Agreements. Standby commitment agreements commit a Fund, for a stated period of time, to purchase a stated amount of securities that may be issued and sold to that Fund at the option of the issuer. The price of the security is fixed at the time of the commitment. At the time of entering into the agreement, the Fund is paid a commitment fee, regardless of whether or not the security is ultimately issued. A Fund will enter into such agreements for the purpose of investing in the security underlying the commitment at a price that is considered advantageous to the Fund. A Fund will limit its investment in such commitments so that the aggregate purchase price of securities subject to such commitments, together with the value of the Funds other illiquid investments, will not exceed 15% of its net assets taken at the time of the commitment. A Fund segregates liquid assets in an aggregate amount equal to the purchase price of the securities underlying the commitment.
There can be no assurance that the securities subject to a standby commitment will be issued, and the value of the security, if issued, on the delivery date may be more or less than its purchase price. Since the issuance of the security underlying the commitment is at the option of the issuer, the Fund may bear the risk of a decline in the value of such security and may not benefit from an appreciation in the value of the security during the commitment period.
The purchase of a security subject to a standby commitment agreement and the related commitment fee will be recorded on the date on which the security can reasonably be expected to be issued, and the value of the security thereafter will be reflected in the calculation of a Funds net asset value. The cost basis of the security will be adjusted by the amount of the commitment fee. In the event the security is not issued, the commitment fee will be recorded as income on the expiration date of the standby commitment.
Stripped Securities. Stripped securities are created when the issuer separates the interest and principal components of an instrument and sells them as separate securities. In general, one security is entitled to receive the interest payments on the underlying assets (the interest only or IO security) and the other to receive the principal payments (the principal only or PO security). Some stripped securities may receive a combination of interest and principal payments. The yields to maturity on IOs and POs are sensitive to the expected or anticipated rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying assets, and principal payments may have a material effect on yield to maturity. If the underlying assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a Fund may not fully recoup its initial investment in IOs. Conversely, if the underlying assets experience less than
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anticipated prepayments of principal, the yield on POs could be adversely affected. Stripped securities may be highly sensitive to changes in interest rates and rates of prepayment.
Supranational Entities . A Fund may invest in debt securities of supranational entities. Examples of such entities include the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank), the European Steel and Coal Community, the Asian Development Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank. The government members, or stockholders, usually make initial capital contributions to the supranational entity and in many cases are committed to make additional capital contributions if the supranational entity is unable to repay its borrowings. There is no guarantee that one or more stockholders of a supranational entity will continue to make any necessary additional capital contributions. If such contributions are not made, the entity may be unable to pay interest or repay principal on its debt securities, and a Fund may lose money on such investments.
Utility Industries
Risks that are intrinsic to the utility industries include difficulty in obtaining an adequate return on invested capital, difficulty in financing large construction programs during an in inflationary period, restrictions on operations and increased cost and delays attributable to environmental considerations and regulation, difficulty in raising capital in adequate amounts on reasonable terms in periods of high inflation and unsettled capital markets, technological innovations that may render existing plants, equipment or products obsolete, the potential impact of natural or man-made disasters, increased costs and reduced availability of certain types of fuel, occasionally reduced availability and high costs of natural gas for resale, the effects of energy conservation, the effects of a national energy policy and lengthy delays and greatly increased costs and other problems associated with the design, construction, licensing, regulation and operation of nuclear facilities for electric generation, including, among other considerations, the problems associated with the use of radioactive materials and the disposal of radioactive wastes. There are substantial differences among the regulatory practices and policies of various jurisdictions, and any given regulatory agency may make major shifts in policy from time to time. There is no assurance that regulatory authorities will, in the future, grant rate increases or that such increases will be adequate to permit the payment of dividends on common stocks issued by a utility company. Additionally, existing and possible future regulatory legislation may make it even more difficult for utilities to obtain adequate relief. Certain of the issuers of securities held in the Funds portfolio may own or operate nuclear generating facilities. Governmental authorities may from time to time review existing policies and impose additional requirements governing the licensing, construction and operation of nuclear power plants. Prolonged changes in climatic conditions can also have a significant impact on both the revenues of an electric and gas utility as well as the expenses of a utility, particularly a hydro-based electric utility.
Utility companies in the United States and in foreign countries are generally subject to regulation. In the United States, most utility companies are regulated by state and/or federal authorities. Such regulation is intended to ensure appropriate standards of service and adequate capacity to meet public demand. Generally, prices are also regulated in the United States and in foreign countries with the intention of protecting the public while ensuring that the rate of return earned by utility companies is sufficient to allow them to attract capital in order to grow and continue to provide appropriate services. There can be no assurance that such pricing policies or rates of return will continue in the future.
The nature of regulation of the utility industries continues to evolve both in the United States and in foreign countries. In recent years, changes in regulation in the United States increasingly have allowed utility companies to provide services and products outside their traditional geographic areas and lines of business, creating new areas of competition within the industries. In some instances, utility companies are operating on an unregulated basis. Because of trends toward deregulation and the evolution of independent power producers as well as new entrants to the field of telecommunications, non-regulated providers of utility services have become a significant part of their respective industries. The Manager believes that the emergence of competition and deregulation will result in certain utility companies being able to earn more than their traditional regulated rates of return, while others may be forced to defend their core business from increased competition and may be less profitable. Reduced profitability, as well as new uses of funds (such as for expansion, operations or stock buybacks) could result in cuts in dividend payout rates. The Manager seeks to take advantage of favorable investment opportunities that may arise from these structural changes. Of course, there can be no assurance that favorable developments will occur in the future.
Foreign utility companies are also subject to regulation, although such regulations may or may not be comparable to those in the United States. Foreign utility companies may be more heavily regulated by their respective governments
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than utilities in the United States and, as in the United States, generally are required to seek government approval for rate increases. In addition, many foreign utilities use fuels that may cause more pollution than those used in the United States, which may require such utilities to invest in pollution control equipment to meet any proposed pollution restrictions. Foreign regulatory systems vary from country to country and may evolve in ways different from regulation in the United States.
A Funds investment policies are designed to enable it to capitalize on evolving investment opportunities throughout the world. For example, the rapid growth of certain foreign economies will necessitate expansion of capacity in the utility industries in those countries. Although many foreign utility companies currently are government-owned, thereby limiting current investment opportunities for a Fund, the Manager believes that, in order to attract significant capital for growth, foreign governments are likely to seek global investors through the privatization of their utility industries. Privatization, which refers to the trend toward investor ownership of assets rather than government ownership, is expected to occur in newer, faster-growing economies and in mature economies. Of course, there is no assurance that such favorable developments will occur or that investment opportunities in foreign markets will increase.
The revenues of domestic and foreign utility companies generally reflect the economic growth and development in the geographic areas in which they do business. The Manager will take into account anticipated economic growth rates and other economic developments when selecting securities of utility companies.
Electric. The electric utility industry consists of companies that are engaged principally in the generation, transmission and sale of electric energy, although many also provide other energy-related services. In the past, electric utility companies, in general, have been favorably affected by lower fuel and financing costs and the full or near completion of major construction programs. In addition, many of these companies have generated cash flows in excess of current operating expenses and construction expenditures, permitting some degree of diversification into unregulated businesses. Some electric utilities have also taken advantage of the right to sell power outside of their traditional geographic areas. Electric utility companies have historically been subject to the risks associated with increases in fuel and other operating costs, high interest costs on borrowings needed for capital construction programs, costs associated with compliance with environmental and safety regulations and changes in the regulatory climate. As interest rates declined, many utilities refinanced high cost debt and in doing so improved their fixed charges coverage. Regulators, however, lowered allowed rates of return as interest rates declined and thereby caused the benefits of the rate declines to be shared wholly or in part with customers. In a period of rising interest rates, the allowed rates of return may not keep pace with the utilities increased costs. The construction and operation of nuclear power facilities are subject to strict scrutiny by, and evolving regulations of, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and state agencies having comparable jurisdiction. Strict scrutiny might result in higher operating costs and higher capital expenditures, with the risk that the regulators may disallow inclusion of these costs in rate authorizations or the risk that a company may not be permitted to operate or complete construction of a facility. In addition, operators of nuclear power plants may be subject to significant costs for disposal of nuclear fuel and for decommissioning such plants.
The rating agencies look closely at the business profile of utilities. Ratings for companies are expected to be impacted to a greater extent in the future by the division of their asset base. Electric utility companies that focus more on the generation of electricity may be assigned less favorable ratings as this business is expected to be competitive and the least regulated. On the other hand, companies that focus on transmission and distribution, which is expected to be the least competitive and the more regulated part of the business, may see higher ratings given the greater predictability of cash flow.
A number of states are considering or have enacted deregulation proposals. The introduction of competition into the industry as a result of such deregulation has at times resulted in lower revenue, lower credit ratings, increased default risk, and lower electric utility security prices. Such increased competition may also cause long-term contracts, which electric utilities previously entered into to buy power, to become stranded assets which have no economic value. Any loss associated with such contracts must be absorbed by ratepayers and investors. In addition, some electric utilities have acquired electric utilities overseas to diversify, enhance earnings and gain experience in operating in a deregulated environment. In some instances, such acquisitions have involved significant borrowings, which have burdened the acquirers balance sheet. There is no assurance that current deregulation proposals will be adopted. However, deregulation in any form could significantly impact the electric utilities industry.
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Telecommunications. The telecommunications industry today includes both traditional telephone companies, with a history of broad market coverage and highly regulated businesses, and cable companies, which began as small, lightly regulated businesses focused on limited markets. Today these two historically different businesses are converging in an industry that is trending toward larger, competitive national and international markets with an emphasis on deregulation. Companies that distribute telephone services and provide access to the telephone networks still comprise the greatest portion of this segment, but non-regulated activities such as wireless telephone services, paging, data transmission and processing, equipment retailing, computer software and hardware and internet services are becoming increasingly significant components as well. In particular, wireless and internet telephone services continue to gain market share at the expense of traditional telephone companies. The presence of unregulated companies in this industry and the entry of traditional telephone companies into unregulated or less regulated businesses provide significant investment opportunities with companies that may increase their earnings at faster rates than had been allowed in traditional regulated businesses. Still, increasing competition, technological innovations and other structural changes could adversely affect the profitability of such utilities and the growth rate of their dividends. Given mergers and proposed legislation and enforcement changes, it is likely that both traditional telephone companies and cable companies will continue to provide an expanding range of utility services to both residential, corporate and governmental customers.
Gas . Gas transmission companies and gas distribution companies are undergoing significant changes. In the United States, interstate transmission companies are regulated by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, which is reducing its regulation of the industry. Many companies have diversified into oil and gas exploration and development, making returns more sensitive to energy prices. In the recent decade, gas utility companies have been adversely affected by disruptions in the oil industry and have also been affected by increased concentration and competition. In the opinion of the Manager, however, environmental considerations could improve the gas industry outlook in the future. For example, natural gas is the cleanest of the hydrocarbon fuels, and this may result in incremental shifts in fuel consumption toward natural gas and away from oil and coal, even for electricity generation. However, technological or regulatory changes within the industry may delay or prevent this result.
Water. Water supply utilities are companies that collect, purify, distribute and sell water. In the United States and around the world the industry is highly fragmented because most of the supplies are owned by local authorities. Companies in this industry are generally mature and are experiencing little or no per capita volume growth. In the opinion of the Manager, there may be opportunities for certain companies to acquire other water utility companies and for foreign acquisition of domestic companies. The Manager believes that favorable investment opportunities may result from consolidation of this segment. As with other utilities, however, increased regulation, increased costs and potential disruptions in supply may adversely affect investments in water supply utilities.
Utility Industries Generally. There can be no assurance that the positive developments noted above, including those relating to privatization and changing regulation, will occur or that risk factors other than those noted above will not develop in the future.
Warrants. Warrants are securities that permit, but do not obligate, the warrant holder to subscribe for other securities. Buying a warrant does not make the Fund a shareholder of the underlying stock. The warrant holder has no voting or dividend rights with respect to the underlying stock. A warrant does not carry any right to assets of the issuer, and for this reason investment in warrants may be more speculative than other equity-based investments.
When Issued Securities, Delayed Delivery Securities and Forward Commitments. A Fund may purchase or sell securities that it is entitled to receive on a when issued basis. A Fund may also purchase or sell securities on a delayed delivery basis or through a forward commitment. These transactions involve the purchase or sale of securities by a Fund at an established price with payment and delivery taking place in the future. The Fund enters into these transactions to obtain what is considered an advantageous price to the Fund at the time of entering into the transaction. When a Fund purchases securities in these transactions, the Fund segregates liquid securities in an amount equal to the amount of its purchase commitments.
There can be no assurance that a security purchased on a when issued basis will be issued or that a security purchased or sold on a delayed delivery basis or through a forward commitment will be delivered. Also, the value of securities in these transactions on the delivery date may be more or less than the price paid by the Fund to purchase the securities. The Fund will lose money if the value of the security in such a transaction declines below the
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purchase price and will not benefit if the value of the security appreciates above the sale price during the commitment period.
Zero Coupon Securities. Zero coupon securities are securities that are sold at a discount to par value and do not pay interest during the life of the security. The discount approximates the total amount of interest the security will accrue and compound over the period until maturity at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. Upon maturity, the holder of a zero coupon security is entitled to receive the par value of the security. While interest payments are not made on such securities, holders of such securities are deemed to have received income (phantom income) annually, notwithstanding that cash may not be received currently. The effect of owning instruments that do not make current interest payments is that a fixed yield is earned not only on the original investment but also, in effect, on all discount accretion during the life of the obligations. This implicit reinvestment of earnings at a fixed rate eliminates the risk of being unable to invest distributions at a rate as high as the implicit yield on the zero coupon bond, but at the same time eliminates the holders ability to reinvest at higher rates in the future. For this reason, some of these securities may be subject to substantially greater price fluctuations during periods of changing market interest rates than are comparable securities that pay interest currently. Longer term zero coupon bonds are more exposed to interest rate risk than shorter term zero coupon bonds. These investments benefit the issuer by mitigating its need for cash to meet debt service, but also require a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of cash. A Fund accrues income with respect to these securities for Federal income tax and accounting purposes prior to the receipt of cash payments. Zero coupon securities may be subject to greater fluctuation in value and less liquidity in the event of adverse market conditions than comparably rated securities that pay cash interest at regular intervals.
In addition to the above-described risks, there are certain other risks related to investing in zero coupon securities. During a period of severe market conditions, the market for such securities may become even less liquid. In addition, as these securities do not pay cash interest, a Funds investment exposure to these securities and their risks, including credit risk, will increase during the time these securities are held in the Funds portfolio. Further, to maintain its qualification for pass-through treatment under the Federal tax laws, a Fund is required to distribute income to its shareholders and, consequently, may have to dispose of other, more liquid portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances or may have to leverage itself by borrowing to generate the cash to satisfy these distributions. The required distributions may result in an increase in a Funds exposure to zero coupon securities.
Suitability (All Funds)
The economic benefit of an investment in any Fund depends upon many factors beyond the control of the Fund, the Manager and its affiliates. Each Fund should be considered a vehicle for diversification and not as a balanced investment program. The suitability for any particular investor of a purchase of shares in a Fund will depend upon, among other things, such investors investment objectives and such investors ability to accept the risks associated with investing in securities, including the risk of loss of principal.
Investment Restrictions (All Funds)
See Part I, Section II Investment Restrictions of each Funds Statement of Additional Information for the specific fundamental and non-fundamental investment restrictions adopted by each Fund. In addition to those investment restrictions, each Fund is also subject to the restrictions discussed below.
The staff of the Commission has taken the position that purchased OTC options and the assets used as cover for written OTC options are illiquid securities. Therefore, each Fund has adopted an investment policy pursuant to which it will not purchase or sell OTC options (including OTC options on futures contracts) if, as a result of any such transaction, the sum of the market value of OTC options currently outstanding that are held by the Fund, the market value of the underlying securities covered by OTC call options currently outstanding that were sold by the Fund and margin deposits on the Funds existing OTC options on financial futures contracts would exceed 15% of the net assets of the Fund, taken at market value, together with all other assets of the Fund that are determined to be illiquid. However, if an OTC option is sold by a Fund to a primary U.S. Government securities dealer recognized by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and if the Fund has the unconditional contractual right to repurchase such OTC option from the dealer at a predetermined price, then the Fund will treat as illiquid only such amount of the underlying securities as is equal to the repurchase price less the amount by which the option is in-the-money ( i.e. , current market value of the underlying securities minus the options strike price). The repurchase price with the
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primary dealers is typically a formula price that is generally based on a multiple of the premium received for the option, plus the amount by which the option is in-the-money. This policy as to OTC options is not a fundamental policy of any Fund and may be amended by the Board of Directors of the Fund without the approval of the Funds shareholders.
Each Funds investments will be limited in order to allow the Fund to qualify as a regulated investment company for purposes of the Code. See Dividends and Taxes Taxes. To qualify, among other requirements, each Fund will limit its investments so that, at the close of each quarter of the taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the market value of each Funds assets is represented by cash, securities of other regulated investment companies, U.S. government securities and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the Funds assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer, any two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses or in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships ( i . e ., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains, and other traditional permitted mutual fund income). Foreign government securities (unlike U.S. government securities) are not exempt from the diversification requirements of the Code and the securities of each foreign government issuer are considered to be obligations of a single issuer. These tax-related limitations may be changed by the Directors of a Fund to the extent necessary to comply with changes to the Federal tax requirements. A Fund that is diversified under the Investment Company Act must satisfy the foregoing 5% and 10% requirements with respect to 75% of its total assets.
M ANAGEMENT AND O THER S ERVICE A RRANGEMENTS
Directors and Officers
See Part I, Section III Information on Directors and Officers,Biographical Information,Share Ownership and Compensation of Directors of each Funds Statement of Additional Information for biographical and certain other information relating to the Directors and officers of your Fund, including Directors compensation.
Management Arrangements
Management Services. The Manager provides each Fund with investment advisory and management services. Subject to the oversight of the Board of Directors, the Manager is responsible for the actual management of a Funds portfolio and reviews the Funds holdings in light of its own research analysis and that from other relevant sources. The responsibility for making decisions to buy, sell or hold a particular security rests with the Manager. The Manager performs certain of the other administrative services and provides all the office space, facilities, equipment and necessary personnel for management of each Fund.
Each Feeder Fund invests all or a portion of its assets in shares of a Master Portfolio. To the extent a Feeder Fund invests all of its assets in a Master Portfolio, it does not invest directly in portfolio securities and does not require management services. For such Feeder Funds, portfolio management occurs at the Master Portfolio level.
Management Fee. Each Fund has entered into a Management Agreement with the Manager pursuant to which the Manager receives for its services to the Fund monthly compensation at an annual rate based on the average daily net assets of the Fund. For information regarding specific fee rates for your Fund and the fees paid by your Fund to the Manager for the Funds last three fiscal years or other applicable periods, see Part I, Section IV Management and Advisory Arrangements of each Funds Statement of Additional Information.
For Funds that do not have an Administrator, each Management Agreement obligates the Manager to provide management services and to pay all compensation of and furnish office space for officers and employees of a Fund connected with investment and economic research, trading and investment management of the Fund, as well as the fees of all Directors of the Fund who are interested persons of the Fund. Each Fund pays all other expenses incurred in the operation of that Fund, including among other things: taxes; expenses for legal and auditing services; costs of preparing, printing and mailing proxies, shareholder reports, prospectuses and statements of additional information, except to the extent paid by FAM Distributors, Inc. or BlackRock Distributors, Inc. (collectively, the
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Distributors); charges of the custodian and sub-custodian, and the transfer agent; expenses of redemption of shares; Commission fees; expenses of registering the shares under Federal, state or foreign laws; fees and expenses of Directors who are not interested persons of a Fund as defined in the Investment Company Act; accounting and pricing costs (including the daily calculations of net asset value); insurance; interest; brokerage costs; litigation and other extraordinary or non-recurring expenses; and other expenses properly payable by the Fund. Certain accounting services are provided to each Fund by State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street) pursuant to an agreement between State Street and each Fund. Each Fund pays a fee for these services. In addition, the Manager provides certain accounting services to each Fund and the Fund pays the Manager a fee for such services. The Distributors pay certain promotional expenses of the Funds incurred in connection with the offering of shares of the Funds. Certain expenses are financed by each Fund pursuant to distribution plans in compliance with Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act. See Purchase of Shares Distribution Plans.
Sub-Advisory Fee. The Manager of each Fund has entered into one or more sub-advisory agreements (the Sub-Advisory Agreements) with the sub-adviser or sub-advisers identified in each such Funds prospectus (the Sub-Adviser) pursuant to which the Sub-Adviser provides sub-advisory services to the Manager with respect to the Fund. For information relating to the fees, if any, paid by the Manager to the Sub-Adviser pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement for the Funds last three fiscal years or other applicable periods, see Part I, Section IV Management and Advisory Arrangements of each Funds Statement of Additional Information.
Organization of the Manager. The Manager, BlackRock Advisors, LLC, is a Delaware limited liability company and an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc. (BlackRock). On September 29, 2006, BlackRock and Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. (ML & Co.) combined Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, L.P. (MLIM) and certain affiliates with BlackRock to create a new asset management company that is one of the worlds largest asset management firms with nearly $1 trillion in assets under management. As a result of that transaction, Merrill Lynch, a financial services holding company and the parent of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, owns approximately 49% of BlackRock, The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. (PNC) owns approximately 34%, and approximately 17% is held by employees and public shareholders. ML & Co. and PNC may be deemed controlling persons of the Manager (as defined under the Investment Company Act) because of their ownership of BlackRocks voting securities or their power to exercise a controlling influence over BlackRocks management or policies. Each Sub-Adviser is an affiliate of the Manager and is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of BlackRock.
Duration and Termination. Unless earlier terminated as described below, each Management Agreement and each Sub-Advisory Agreement will remain in effect from year to year if approved annually (a) by the Board of Directors or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund and (b) by a majority of the Directors of the Fund who are not parties to such agreement or interested persons (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of any such party. Each Agreement automatically terminates on assignment and may be terminated without penalty on 60 days written notice at the option of either party thereto or by the vote of the shareholders of the applicable Fund.
Other Service Arrangements
Administrative Services and Administrative Fee. Certain Funds have entered into an administration agreement (the Administration Agreement) with an administrator identified in the Funds Prospectus and Part I of the Funds Statement of Additional Information (each an Administrator). For its services to a Fund, the Administrator receives monthly compensation at the annual rate set forth in each applicable Funds prospectus. For information regarding any administrative fees paid by your Fund to the Administrator for the periods indicated, see Part I, Section IV Management and Advisory Arrangements of that Funds Statement of Additional Information.
For Funds that have an Administrator, the Administration Agreement obligates the Administrator to provide certain administrative services to the Fund and to pay, or cause its affiliates to pay, for maintaining its staff and personnel and to provide office space, facilities and necessary personnel for the Fund. Each Administrator is also obligated to pay, or cause its affiliates to pay, the fees of those officers and Directors of the Fund who are affiliated persons of the Administrator or any of its affiliates.
Duration and Termination of Administration Agreement. Unless earlier terminated as described below, each Administration Agreement will continue from year to year if approved annually (a) by the Board of Directors of each applicable Fund or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such Fund and (b) by a majority of the Directors of the Fund who are not parties to such contract or interested persons (as defined in the
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Investment Company Act) of any such party. Such contract is not assignable and may be terminated without penalty on 60 days written notice at the option of either party thereto or by the vote of the shareholders of the Fund.
Transfer Agency Services. PFPC, Inc. (PFPC or the Transfer Agent), a subsidiary of PNC, acts as each Funds Transfer Agent pursuant to a Transfer Agency, Dividend Disbursing Agency and Shareholder Servicing Agency Agreement (the Transfer Agency Agreement) with the Funds. Pursuant to the Transfer Agency Agreement, the Transfer Agent is responsible for the issuance, transfer and redemption of shares and the opening and maintenance of shareholder accounts. Each Fund pays the Transfer Agent a fee for the services it receives based on the type of account and the level of services required. Each Fund reimburses the Transfer Agents reasonable out-of-pocket expenses and pays a fee of 0.10% of account assets for certain accounts that participate in certain fee-based programs sponsored by the Manager or its affiliates. For purposes of each Transfer Agency Agreement, the term account includes a shareholder account maintained directly by the Transfer Agent and any other account representing the beneficial interest of a person in the relevant share class on a recordkeeping system. See Part I, Section IV Management and Advisory Arrangements Transfer Agency Fees of each Funds Statement of Additional Information for information on the transfer agency fees paid by your Fund for the periods indicated.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. The Audit Committee of each Fund, which is comprised of all of the Funds non-interested Directors, has selected an independent registered public accounting firm for that Fund that audits the Funds financial statements. Please see the inside back cover page of your Funds Prospectus for information on your Funds independent registered public accounting firm.
Custodian Services. The name and address of the custodian (the Custodian) of each Fund are provided on the inside back cover page of the Funds Prospectus. The Custodian is responsible for safeguarding and controlling the Funds cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities and collecting interest and dividends on the Funds investments. The Custodian is authorized to establish separate accounts in foreign currencies and to cause foreign securities owned by the Fund to be held in its offices outside the United States and with certain foreign banks and securities depositories.
For certain Feeder Funds, the Custodian also acts as the custodian of the Master Portfolios assets.
Accounting Services. Each Fund has entered into an agreement with State Street, pursuant to which State Street provides certain accounting services to the Fund. Each Fund pays a fee for these services. State Street provides similar accounting services to the Master Trusts. The Manager or the Administrator also provides certain accounting services to each Fund and each Fund reimburses the Manager or the Administrator for these services.
See Part I, Section IV Management and Advisory Arrangements Accounting Services of each Funds Statement of Additional Information for information on the amounts paid by your Fund and, if applicable, Master Trust to State Street and the Manager or, if applicable, the Administrator for the periods indicated.
Distribution Expenses. Each Fund has entered into a distribution agreement with each Distributor in connection with the continuous offering of each class of shares of the Fund (the Distribution Agreements). The Distribution Agreements obligate each Distributor to pay certain expenses in connection with the offering of each class of shares of the Funds. After the prospectuses, statements of additional information and periodic reports have been prepared, set in type and mailed to shareholders, each Distributor pays for the printing and distribution of these documents used in connection with the offering to dealers and investors. The Distributor also pays for other supplementary sales literature and advertising costs. Each Distribution Agreement is subject to the same renewal requirements and termination provisions as the Management Agreement described above.
Code of Ethics
Each Fund, the Manager, each Sub-Adviser and each Distributor has adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act. The Code of Ethics establishes procedures for personal investing and restricts certain transactions. Employees subject to the Code of Ethics may invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by a Fund.
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Selective Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
Pursuant to policies and procedures adopted by each Fund and the Manager, each Fund and the Manager may, under certain circumstances as set forth below, make selective disclosure with respect to the Funds portfolio holdings. The Funds Board of Directors has approved the adoption by the Fund of the policies and procedures set forth below, and has delegated to the Manager the responsibility for ongoing monitoring and supervision to ensure compliance with these policies and procedures. The Board of Directors provides ongoing oversight of the Funds and Managers compliance with the policies and procedures. As part of this oversight function, the Directors receive from the Funds Chief Compliance Officer at least quarterly and more often, as necessary, reports on compliance with these policies and procedures, including reports on any violations of these policies and procedures that may occur. In addition, the Directors receive an annual assessment of the adequacy and effect of the policies and procedures with respect to the Fund, and any changes thereto, and an annual review of the operation of the policies and procedures.
Examples of the information that may be disclosed pursuant to the Funds policies and procedures would include (but is not limited to) specific portfolio holdings including the number of shares held, weightings of particular holdings, specific sector and industry weightings, trading details, and the portfolio managers discussion of Fund performance and reasoning for significant changes in portfolio composition. This information may be both material non-public information (Confidential Information) and proprietary information of the firm. The Fund may disclose such information to individual investors, institutional investors, financial advisers and other financial intermediaries that sell the Funds shares, affiliates of the Fund, third party service providers to the Fund, lenders to the Fund, and independent rating agencies and ranking organizations. The Fund, the Manager and its affiliates receive no compensation or other consideration with respect to such disclosures.
Subject to the exceptions set forth below, Confidential Information relating to a Fund may not be disclosed to persons not employed by the Manager or its affiliates unless such information has been publicly disclosed via a filing with the Commission ( e.g. , Fund annual report), a press release or placement on a publicly-available internet web site, including our web site at www.blackrock.com. If the Confidential Information has not been publicly disclosed, an employee of the Manager who wishes to distribute Confidential Information relating to the Fund must first do the following: (i) require the person or company receiving the Confidential Information to sign, before the Manager will provide disclosure of any such information, a confidentiality agreement approved by an attorney in the Managers Legal Department in which the person or company (a) agrees to use the Confidential Information solely in connection with a legitimate business use ( i.e. , due diligence, etc.) and (b) agrees not to trade on the basis of the information so provided; (ii) obtain the authorization of an attorney in the Managers Legal Department prior to disclosure; and (iii) only distribute Confidential Information that is at least thirty (30) calendar days old unless a shorter period has specifically been approved by an attorney in the Managers Legal Department. Prior to providing any authorization for such disclosure of Confidential Information, an attorney in the Managers Legal Department must review the proposed arrangement and make a determination that it is in the best interests of the Funds shareholders. In connection with day-to-day portfolio management, the Fund may disclose Confidential Information to executing brokers-dealers that is less than 30 days old in order to facilitate the purchase and sale of portfolio holdings. The Fund has adopted policies and procedures, including a Code of Ethics, Code of Conduct, and various policies regarding securities trading and trade allocations, to address potential conflicts of interest that may arise in connection with disclosure of Confidential Information. These procedures are designed, among other things, to prohibit personal trading based on Confidential Information, to ensure that portfolio transactions are conducted in the best interests of each Fund and its shareholders and to prevent portfolio management from using Confidential Information for the benefit of one fund or account at the expense of another. In addition, as noted, an attorney in the Managers Legal Department must determine that disclosure of Confidential Information is for a legitimate business purpose and is in the best interests of the Funds shareholders, and that any conflicts of interest created by release of the Confidential Information have been addressed by the Managers existing policies and procedures. For more information with respect to potential conflicts of interest, see the section entitled Management and Other Service Arrangements Potential Conflicts of Interest in this Statement of Additional Information.
Confidential Information whether or not publicly disclosed may be disclosed to Fund Directors, the independent Directors counsel, the Funds outside counsel, accounting services provider and independent registered public accounting firm without meeting the conditions outlined above. Confidential Information may, with the prior approval of the Funds Chief Compliance Officer or the Managers General Counsel, also be disclosed to any auditor of the parties to a service agreement involving the Fund, or as required by judicial or administrative process
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or otherwise by applicable law or regulation. If Confidential Information is disclosed to such persons, each such person will be subject to restrictions on trading in the subject securities under either the Funds and Managers Code of Ethics or an applicable confidentiality agreement, or under applicable laws or regulations or court order.
The Manager has entered into ongoing arrangements to provide selective disclosure of Fund portfolio holdings to the following persons or entities:
Funds Board of Directors
Funds Transfer Agent
Funds independent registered public accounting firm
Funds accounting services provider State Street Bank and Trust Company
Fund Custodian
Independent rating agencies Morningstar, Inc. and Lipper Inc.
Information aggregators Wall Street on Demand and Thomson Financial
Sponsors of 401(k) plans that include BlackRock-advised funds E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Company, Inc.
Consultants for pension plans that invest in BlackRock-advised funds Rocaton Investment Advisors, LLC;
Mercer Investment Consulting; Watson Wyatt Investment Consulting; Towers Perrin HR Services
Other than with respect to the Board of Directors, each of the persons or entities set forth above is subject to an agreement to keep the information disclosed confidential and to use it only for legitimate business purposes. Each Director has a fiduciary duty as a director to act in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Selective disclosure is made to the Funds Board of Directors and independent registered public accounting firm at least quarterly and otherwise as frequently as necessary to enable such persons or entities to provide services to the Fund. Selective disclosure is made to the Funds Transfer Agent, accounting services provider, and Custodian as frequently as necessary to enable such persons or entities to provide services to the Fund, typically on a daily basis. Disclosure is made to Lipper Inc. and Wall Street on Demand on a monthly basis and to Morningstar and Thomson Financial on a quarterly basis, and to each such firm upon specific request with the approval of the Managers Legal Department. Disclosure is made to 401(k) plan sponsors on a yearly basis and pension plan consultants on a quarterly basis.
The Fund and the Manager monitor, to the extent possible, the use of Confidential Information by the individuals or firms to which it has been disclosed. To do so, in addition to the requirements of any applicable confidentiality agreement and/or the terms and conditions of the Funds and Managers Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct all of which require persons or entities in possession of Confidential Information to keep such information confidential and not to trade on such information for their own benefit the Managers compliance personnel under the supervision of the Funds Chief Compliance Officer, monitor the Managers securities trading desks to determine whether individuals or firms who have received Confidential Information have made any trades on the basis of that information. In addition, the Manager maintains an internal restricted list to prevent trading by the personnel of the Manager or its affiliates in securities including securities held by the Fund about which the Manager has Confidential Information. There can be no assurance, however, that the Funds policies and procedures with respect to the selective disclosure of Fund portfolio holdings will prevent the misuse of such information by individuals or firms that receive such information.
Potential Conflicts of Interest
Activities of the Manager, BlackRock, Inc. and its affiliates (collectively, BlackRock), Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and their affiliates (collectively, Merrill Lynch) and Other Accounts Managed by Merrill Lynch. BlackRock is one of the worlds largest asset management firms with approximately $1 trillion in assets under management. Merrill Lynch is a full service investment banking, broker-dealer, asset management and financial services organization. As a result, BlackRock and Merrill Lynch (including, for these purposes, their directors, partners, trustees, managing members, officers and employees) worldwide, including the entities and personnel who may be involved in the investment activities and business operations of a Fund, are engaged in businesses and have interests other than that of managing the Fund. These are considerations of which investors in a Fund should be aware, and which may cause conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the
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Fund. These activities and interests include potential multiple advisory, transactional, financial and other interests in securities and other instruments, and companies that may be purchased or sold by a Fund.
BlackRock offers a full range of equity, fixed income, cash management and alternative investment products with strong representation in both retail and institutional channels, in the United States and in non-U.S. markets. BlackRock has over 4,500 employees in 18 countries and is a major presence in most key markets, including the United States, the U.K., Asia, Australia, the Middle East and Europe.
BlackRock and its affiliates, including, without limitation, Merrill Lynch and its advisory affiliates, have proprietary interests in, and may manage or advise with respect to, accounts or funds (including separate accounts and other funds and collective investment vehicles) that have investment objectives similar to those of a Fund and/or that engage in transactions in the same types of securities, currencies and instruments as the Fund. Merrill Lynch and its affiliates are also major participants in the global currency, equities, swap and fixed income markets, in each case both on a proprietary basis and for the accounts of customers. As such, BlackRock, Merrill Lynch and their affiliates are actively engaged in transactions in the same securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests. Such activities could affect the prices and availability of the securities, currencies, and instruments in which a Fund invests, which could have an adverse impact on the Funds performance. Such transactions, particularly in respect of most proprietary accounts or customer accounts, will be executed independently of a Funds transactions and thus at prices or rates that may be more or less favorable than those obtained by the Fund. When the Manager and its advisory affiliates seek to purchase or sell the same assets for their managed accounts, including a Fund, the assets actually purchased or sold may be allocated among the accounts on a basis determined in their good faith discretion to be equitable. In some cases, this system may adversely affect the size or price of the assets purchased or sold for a Fund.
The results of a Funds investment activities may differ significantly from the results achieved by the Manager and its affiliates for their proprietary accounts or other accounts (including investment companies or collective investment vehicles) managed or advised by them. It is possible that BlackRock and its affiliates and such other accounts will achieve investment results that are substantially more or less favorable than the results achieved by a Fund. Moreover, it is possible that a Fund will sustain losses during periods in which BlackRock and its affiliates achieve significant profits on their trading for proprietary or other accounts. The opposite result is also possible.
The investment activities of BlackRock and its affiliates for their proprietary accounts and accounts under their management may also limit the investment opportunities for a Fund in certain emerging and other markets in which limitations are imposed upon the amount of investment, in the aggregate or in individual issuers, by affiliated foreign investors.
From time to time, a Funds activities may also be restricted because of regulatory restrictions applicable to BlackRock and its affiliates, and/or their internal policies designed to comply with such restrictions. As a result, there may be periods, for example, when the Manager, and/or its affiliates, will not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions in certain securities or instruments with respect to which the Manager and/or its affiliates are performing services or when position limits have been reached.
In connection with its management of a Fund, the Manager may have access to certain fundamental analysis and proprietary technical models developed by BlackRock or its affiliates (including Merrill Lynch). The Manager will not be under any obligation, however, to effect transactions on behalf of a Fund in accordance with such analysis and models. In addition, neither BlackRock nor any of its affiliates (including Merrill Lynch) will have any obligation to make available any information regarding their proprietary activities or strategies, or the activities or strategies used for other accounts managed by them, for the benefit of the management of a Fund and it is not anticipated that the Manager will have access to such information for the purpose of managing the Fund. The proprietary activities or portfolio strategies of BlackRock and its affiliates (including Merrill Lynch) or the activities or strategies used for accounts managed by them or other customer accounts could conflict with the transactions and strategies employed by the Manager in managing a Fund.
In addition, certain principals and certain employees of the Manager are also principals or employees of BlackRock, Merrill Lynch, PNC or their affiliated entities. As a result, the performance by these principals and employees of their obligations to such other entities may be a consideration of which investors in a Fund should be aware.
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The Manager may enter into transactions and invest in securities, instruments and currencies on behalf of a Fund in which customers of BlackRock, Merrill Lynch, or, to the extent permitted by the Commission, BlackRock or Merrill Lynch, serve as the counterparty, principal or issuer. In such cases, such partys interests in the transaction will be adverse to the interests of the Fund, and such party may have no incentive to assure that the Fund obtains the best possible prices or terms in connection with the transactions. In addition, the purchase, holding and sale of such investments by a Fund may enhance the profitability of BlackRock, Merrill Lynch and/or PNC. Merrill Lynch and its affiliates may also create, write or issue Derivatives for customers of Merrill Lynch or its affiliates, the underlying securities, currencies or instruments of which may be those in which a Fund invests or which may be based on the performance of the Fund. A Fund may, subject to applicable law, purchase investments that are the subject of an underwriting or other distribution by Merrill Lynch or its affiliates and may also enter into transactions with other clients of BlackRock or its affiliates where such other clients have interests adverse to those of the Fund. At times, these activities may cause departments of BlackRock or its affiliates to give advice to clients that may cause these clients to take actions adverse to the interests of the Fund. To the extent affiliated transactions are permitted, a Fund will deal with BlackRock and its affiliates on an arms-length basis. BlackRock may also have an ownership interest in certain trading or information systems used by a Fund. A Funds use of such trading or information systems may enhance the profitability of BlackRock and its affiliates.
A Fund will be required to establish business relationships with its counterparties based on the Funds own credit standing. Neither BlackRock nor its affiliates will have any obligation to allow their credit to be used in connection with a Funds establishment of its business relationships, nor is it expected that the Funds counterparties will rely on the credit of BlackRock or any of its affiliates in evaluating the Funds creditworthiness.
It is also possible that, from time to time, BlackRock or any of its affiliates may, although they are not required to, purchase and hold shares of a Fund. Increasing a Funds assets may enhance investment flexibility and diversification and may contribute to economies of scale that tend to reduce the Funds expense ratio. BlackRock and its affiliates reserve the right to redeem at any time some or all of the shares of a Fund acquired for their own accounts. A large redemption of shares of a Fund by BlackRock or its affiliates could significantly reduce the asset size of the Fund, which might have an adverse effect on the Funds investment flexibility, portfolio diversification and expense ratio. BlackRock will consider the effect of redemptions on a Fund and other shareholders in deciding whether to redeem its shares.
It is possible that a Fund may invest in securities of companies with which Merrill Lynch has or is trying to develop investment banking relationships as well as securities of entities in which BlackRock or Merrill Lynch has significant debt or equity investments or in which Merrill Lynch makes a market. A Fund also may invest in securities of companies to which BlackRock or Merrill Lynch provides or may someday provide research coverage. Such investments could cause conflicts between the interests of a Fund and the interests of other BlackRock or Merrill Lynch clients. In making investment decisions for a Fund, the Manager is not permitted to obtain or use material non-public information acquired by any division, department or affiliate of BlackRock in the course of these activities. In addition, from time to time, Merrill Lynchs activities may limit a Funds flexibility in purchases and sales of securities. When Merrill Lynch is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution of securities of an entity, the Manager may be prohibited from purchasing or recommending the purchase of certain securities of that entity for a Fund.
The Manager, its affiliates and their directors, officers and employees, may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts, and may have conflicts of interest with respect to investments made on behalf of a Fund. As a result of differing trading and investment strategies or constraints, positions may be taken by directors, officers, employees and affiliates of the Manager that are the same, different from or made at different times than positions taken for the Fund. To lessen the possibility that a Fund will be adversely affected by this personal trading, the Fund and the Manager each has adopted a Code of Ethics in compliance with Section 17(j) of the Investment Company Act that restricts securities trading in the personal accounts of investment professionals and others who normally come into possession of information regarding the Funds portfolio transactions. The Code of Ethics can be reviewed and copied at the Commissions Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the Commission at (202) 551-8090. The Code of Ethics is also available on the EDGAR Database on the Commissions Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by e-mail at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing the Commissions Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-0102.
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The Manager and its affiliates will not purchase securities or other property from, or sell securities or other property to, a Fund, except that the Fund may in accordance with rules adopted under the Investment Company Act engage in transactions with accounts that are affiliated with the Fund as a result of common officers, directors, or investment advisers. These transactions would be effected in circumstances in which the Manager determined that it would be appropriate for the Fund to purchase and another client to sell, or the Fund to sell and another client to purchase, the same security or instrument on the same day.
Present and future activities of BlackRock and its affiliates, including the Manager, in addition to those described in this section, may give rise to additional conflicts of interest.
P URCHASE OF S HARES
Each BlackRock-advised open-end fund offers multiple classes of shares under a plan adopted under Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act. Investor A shares are sold to investors choosing the initial sales charge alternative and Investor B and Investor C shares are sold to investors choosing the deferred sales charge alternative. Institutional shares are sold to certain eligible investors without a sales charge. Certain Funds offer Class R shares, which are available only to certain retirement plans and are sold without a sales charge. In addition, certain Funds offer Service shares that are available only to certain eligible investors. Please see the appropriate Prospectus for your Fund to determine which classes are offered by your Fund and under what circumstances. Each class has different exchange privileges. See Shareholder Services Exchange Privilege.
The applicable offering price for purchase orders is based on the net asset value of a Fund next determined after receipt of the purchase order by a dealer or other financial intermediary (Selling Dealer) that has been authorized by one or both Distributors by contract to accept such orders. As to purchase orders received by Selling Dealers prior to the close of business on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (generally, the NYSE closes at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), on the day the order is placed, including orders received after the close of business on the previous day, the applicable offering price is based on the net asset value determined as of the close of business on the NYSE on that day. If the purchase orders are not received by the Selling Dealer before the close of business on the NYSE, such orders are deemed received on the next business day.
Each Fund or each Distributor may suspend the continuous offering of the Funds shares of any class at any time in response to conditions in the securities markets or otherwise and may resume offering of shares from time to time. Any order may be rejected by a Fund or a Distributor. Neither the Distributors, the securities dealers nor other financial intermediaries are permitted to withhold placing orders to benefit themselves by a price change.
The term purchase, as used in the Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information, refers to (i) a single purchase by an individual, (ii) concurrent purchases by an individual, his or her spouse and their children under the age of 21 years purchasing shares for his, her or their own account, and (iii) single purchases by a trustee or other fiduciary purchasing shares for a single trust estate or single fiduciary account although more than one beneficiary may be involved. The term purchase also includes purchases by any company, as that term is defined in the Investment Company Act, but does not include purchases by (i) any company that has not been in existence for at least six months, (ii) a company that has no purpose other than the purchase of shares of a Fund or shares of other registered investment companies at a discount, or (iii) any group of individuals whose sole organizational nexus is that its participants are credit cardholders of a company, policyholders of an insurance company, customers of either a bank or broker-dealer or clients of an investment adviser.
Institutional Shares
Institutional shares may be purchased at net asset value without a sales charge. Only certain investors are eligible to purchase Institutional shares. Investors who are eligible to purchase Institutional shares should purchase Institutional shares because they are not subject to any sales charge and have lower ongoing expenses than Investor A, Investor B, Investor C, Class R, or Service shares.
Eligible Institutional Share Investors. Employees of BlackRock and Directors of any Fund may buy Institutional shares of a Fund without regard to any existing minimum investment requirements. The Fund may in its discretion waive or modify the minimum investment amount, may reject any order for Institutional shares and may suspend and resume the sale of shares of any Fund at any time.
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Institutional shares of the Funds may be purchased by customers of broker-dealers and agents that have established a servicing relationship with the Fund on behalf of their customers. These broker-dealers and agents may impose additional or different conditions on the purchase or redemption of Fund shares by their customers and may charge their customers transaction, account or other fees on the purchase and redemption of Fund shares. Each broker-dealer or agent is responsible for transmitting to its customers a schedule of any such fees and information regarding any additional or different conditions regarding purchases and redemptions. Shareholders who are customers of such broker-dealers or agents should consult them for information regarding these fees and conditions.
Payment for Institutional shares must normally be made in Federal funds or other funds immediately available by 4 p.m. (Eastern time) on the first business day following receipt of the order. Payment may also, in the discretion of the Fund, be made in the form of securities that are permissible investments for the Fund. If payment for a purchase order is not received by the prescribed time, an investor may be liable for any resulting losses or expenses incurred by the Fund. Institutional shares are offered to a limited group of investors.
Investors who currently own Institutional shares in a shareholder account are entitled to purchase additional Institutional shares of a Fund in that account, although shareholders that hold their shares through a financial adviser or other financial intermediary that has an omnibus account with the Fund must meet the Institutional minimum investment requirements in order to make such additional purchases. In addition, the following investors may purchase Institutional shares: Institutional and individual retail investors with a minimum investment of $2 million; certain qualified retirement plans; investors in selected fee based programs; registered investment advisers with a minimum investment of $250,000; Trust departments of PNC Bank and Merrill Lynch Trust Company and their affiliates for whom they (i) act in a fiduciary capacity (excluding participant directed employee benefit plans); (ii) otherwise have investment discretion; (iii) act as custodian for at least $2 million in assets; unaffiliated banks, thrifts of trust companies that have agreements with a Distributor; and holders of certain Merrill Lynch sponsored unit investment trusts (UITs) who reinvest dividends received from such UITs in shares of a Fund. Shareholders of certain continuously offered closed-end funds advised by BlackRock or an affiliate whose shares were issued prior to October 2, 2006 who wish to reinvest the net proceeds from the sale of certain of their shares of common stock pursuant to a tender offer conducted by such funds may also purchase Institutional shares with such proceeds.
Purchase Privileges of Certain Persons . Employees and Directors of each Fund, members of the boards of other funds advised by the Manager or an affiliate, ML & Co., PNC Group and BlackRock, Inc. and their subsidiaries and their directors and employees, and any trust, pension, profit-sharing or other benefit plan for such persons, may purchase Institutional shares. A Fund realizes economies of scale and reduction of sales-related expenses by virtue of the familiarity of these persons with the Fund. Employees, directors, and board members of other funds wishing to purchase shares of a Fund must satisfy the Funds suitability standards.
Initial Sales Charge Alternative Investor A Shares
Investors who prefer an initial sales charge alternative may elect to purchase Investor A shares.
Investors qualifying for significantly reduced initial sales charges may find the initial sales charge alternative particularly attractive because similar sales charge reductions are not available with respect to the deferred sales charges imposed in connection with investments in Investor B and Investor C shares. Investors who do not qualify for reduced initial sales charges and who expect to maintain their investment for an extended period of time also may elect to purchase Investor A shares, because over time the accumulated ongoing account maintenance and distribution fees on Investor B, Investor C and Class R shares may exceed the Investor A initial sales charge and account maintenance fee. Although some investors who previously purchased Institutional shares may no longer be eligible to purchase Institutional shares of other Funds, those previously purchased Institutional shares, together with Investor A, Investor B and Investor C share holdings, will count toward a right of accumulation that may qualify the investor for a reduced initial sales charge on new initial sales charge purchases. In addition, the ongoing Investor B, Investor C and Class R shares account maintenance and distribution fees will cause Investor B, Investor C and Class R shares to have higher expense ratios, pay lower dividends and have lower total returns than the Investor A shares. The ongoing Investor A and Service shares account maintenance fees will cause Investor A and Service shares to have a higher expense ratio, pay lower dividends and have a lower total return than Institutional shares.
See Part I, Section V Information on Sales Charges and Distribution Related Expenses Investor A Sales Charge Information of each Funds Statement of Additional Information for information about amounts paid to the Distributors in connection with Investor A shares for the periods indicated.
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The Distributors may reallow discounts to selected securities dealers and other financial intermediaries and retain the balance over such discounts. At times a Distributor may reallow the entire sales charge to such dealers. Since securities dealers and other financial intermediaries selling Investor A shares of a Fund will receive a concession equal to most of the sales charge, they may be deemed to be underwriters under the Securities Act.
Reduced Initial Sales Charges
Certain investors may be eligible for a reduction in or waiver of a sales load due to the nature of the investors and/or the reduced sales efforts necessary to obtain their investments.
Reinvested Dividends. No sales charges are imposed upon shares issued as a result of the automatic reinvestment of dividends.
Rights of Accumulation. Under the Right of Accumulation, the current value of an investors existing Investor class and Institutional shares in any Fund may be combined with the amount of the investors current purchase in determining the applicable sales charge. In order to receive the cumulative quantity reduction, previous purchases of Investor A, Investor B, Investor C and Institutional shares must be called to the attention of PFPC or your financial adviser or other financial intermediary by the investor at the time of the current purchase.
Letter of Intent
. An investor may qualify for a reduced sales charge immediately by signing a Letter of Intent stating the investors intention to invest during the next 13 months a specified amount in
Investor class and Institutional shares which, if made at one time, would qualify for a reduced sales charge. The 13-month period begins on the day PFPC receives the Letter of Intent. The investor must instruct PFPC upon making subsequent purchases
Purchase Privileges of Certain Persons.
Qualified Plans . In general, no sales charge will apply to purchases by authorized qualified employee benefit plans (Qualified Plans) of Investor A shares. BlackRock may pay placement fees to dealers, up to the following amounts, on purchases of Investor A shares of all Funds by Qualified Plans:
All Funds Except Balanced Capital and Basic Value |
Balanced Capital and Basic Value |
|||||
Less than $3,000,000 |
1.00 | % | 0.75 | % | ||
$3 million but less than $15 million |
0.50 | % | 0.50 | % | ||
$15 million and above |
0.25 | % | 0.25 | % |
For the table above, the placement fees indicated will apply up to the indicated breakpoint (so that, for example, a sale of $4 million worth of Investor A shares will result in a placement fee of up to 1.00% (0.75% for Balanced Capital) on the first $3 million and 0.50% on the final $1 million).
Other. The following persons associated with the Fund, the Distributors, the Funds investment adviser, sub-advisers or transfer agent and their affiliates may buy Investor A shares of each Fund without paying a sales charge to the extent permitted by these firms: (a) officers, directors and partners (and their spouses and minor children); (b) employees and retirees (and their spouses and minor children); (c) registered representatives of brokers who have entered into selling agreements with one or both Distributors; (d) spouses or children of such persons; and (e) any trust, pension, profit-sharing or other benefit plan for any of the persons set forth in (a) through (c). The following persons may also buy Investor A shares without paying a sales charge: (a) authorized qualified employee benefit plans and rollovers of current investments in a Fund through such plans; (b) persons investing through an authorized payroll deduction plan; (c) persons investing through an authorized investment plan for organizations which operate under Section 501(c)(3) of the Code; (d) registered investment advisers, trust companies and bank trust departments exercising discretionary investment authority with respect to amounts to be invested in a Fund; (e) persons participating in a wrap account or similar program under which they pay advisory fees to a broker-dealer or other financial institution; (f) persons participating in an account or program under which they pay fees to a broker-dealer or other financial institution for providing transaction processing and other administrative services, but not
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investment advisory services; and (g) MetLife employees. Investors who qualify for any of these exemptions from the sales charge should purchase Investor A shares.
The CDSC (as defined below) related to purchases of $1,000,000 or more of Investor A shares is not charged if the dealer receives a placement fee over time during the 18 months after purchase.
Investor A shares are also available at net asset value to investors that, for regulatory reasons, are required to transfer investment positions from a non-U.S. registered investment company advised by BlackRock or its affiliates to a U.S. registered BlackRock-advised fund.
Acquisition of Certain Investment Companies . Investor A shares may be offered at net asset value in connection with the acquisition of the assets of, or merger or consolidation with, a personal holding company or a public or private investment company.
Purchases Through Certain Financial Intermediaries . Reduced sales charges may be applicable for purchases of Investor A shares of a Fund through certain financial advisers, selected securities dealers and other financial intermediaries that meet and adhere to standards established by the Manager from time to time.
Deferred Sales Charge Alternative Investor B and Investor C Shares
Investors choosing the deferred sales charge alternative should consider Investor B shares if they intend to hold their shares for an extended period of time and Investor C shares if they are uncertain as to the length of time they intend to hold their assets in a Fund. If you select Investor B or Investor C shares, you do not pay an initial sales charge at the time of purchase.
The deferred sales charge alternative may be particularly appealing to investors who do not qualify for the reduction in initial sales charges. Both Investor B and Investor C shares are subject to ongoing account maintenance fees and distribution fees; however, these fees potentially may be offset to the extent any return is realized on the additional funds initially invested in Investor B or Investor C shares. In addition, Investor B shares will be converted into Investor A shares of a Fund after a conversion period of approximately eight years, and, thereafter, investors will be subject to lower ongoing fees.
BlackRock compensates financial advisers and other financial intermediaries for selling Investor B and Investor C shares at the time of purchase from its own funds. Proceeds from the CDSC (as defined below) and the distribution fee are paid to the Distributors and are used by the Distributors to defray the expenses of securities dealers or other financial intermediaries (including Merrill Lynch) related to providing distribution-related services to each Fund in connection with the sale of Investor B and Investor C shares. The combination of the CDSC and the ongoing distribution fee facilitates the ability of each Fund to sell the Investor B and Investor C shares without a sales charge being deducted at the time of purchase. See Distribution Plans below. Imposition of the CDSC and the distribution fee on Investor B and Investor C shares is limited by the NASD asset-based sales charge rule. See Limitations on the Payment of Deferred Sales Charges below.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charges Investor B Shares . If you redeem Investor B shares within six years of purchase, you may be charged a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) at the rates indicated in the Funds Prospectus and below. The CDSC will be calculated in a manner that results in the lowest applicable rate being charged. The charge will be assessed on an amount equal to the lesser of the proceeds of redemption or the cost of the shares being redeemed. Accordingly, no CDSC will be imposed on increases in net asset value above the initial purchase price. In addition, no CDSC will be assessed on shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends. The order of redemption will be first of shares held for over six years in the case of Investor B shares, next of shares acquired pursuant to reinvestment of dividends, and finally of shares in the order of those held longest. The same order of redemption will apply if you transfer shares from your account to another account. If you exchange your Investor B shares for Investor B shares of another Fund, the CDSC schedule that applies to the shares that you originally purchased will continue to apply to the shares you acquire in the exchange.
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The following table sets forth the schedule that applies to the Investor B CDSC:
Years Since Purchase Payment Made |
CDSC as a Percentage
of Dollar Amount
|
|
0 1 |
4.50% | |
1 2 |
4.00% | |
2 3 |
3.50% | |
3 4 |
3.00% | |
4 5 |
2.00% | |
5 6 |
1.00% | |
6 and thereafter |
None |
* The percentage charge will apply to the lesser of the original cost of the shares being redeemed or the proceeds of your redemption. Shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends are not subject to a deferred sales charge. Shares purchased prior to June 1, 2001 were subject to the four-year contingent deferred sales charge schedule then in effect which has now expired. Shares purchased prior to October 2, 2006 are subject to the 4.00% six-year CDSC schedule in effect at that time. Not all BlackRock funds have identical deferred sales charge schedules. If you exchange your shares for shares of another fund, the original charge will apply.
To provide an example, assume an investor purchased 100 shares at $10 per share (at a cost of $1,000) and in the third year after purchase, the net asset value per share is $12 and, during such time, the investor has acquired 10 additional shares upon dividend reinvestment. If at such time the investor makes his or her first redemption of 50 shares (proceeds of $600), 10 shares will not be subject to a CDSC because they were issued through dividend reinvestment. With respect to the remaining 40 shares, the charge is applied only to the original cost of $10 per share and not to the increase in net asset value of $2 per share. Therefore, $400 of the $600 redemption proceeds will be charged at a rate of 3.50% (the applicable rate in the third year after purchase).
Conversion of Investor B Shares to Investor A Shares. Approximately eight years after purchase (the Conversion Period), Investor B shares of each Fund will convert automatically into Investor A shares of that Fund (the Conversion). The Conversion will occur at least once each month (on the Conversion Date) on the basis of the relative net asset value of the shares of the two classes on the Conversion Date, without the imposition of any sales load, fee or other charge. The Conversion will not be deemed a purchase or sale of the shares for Federal income tax purposes.
Shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends on Investor B shares will also convert automatically to Investor A shares. The Conversion Date for dividend reinvestment shares will be calculated taking into account the length of time the shares underlying the dividend reinvestment shares were outstanding. If at the Conversion Date the Conversion will result in less than $50 worth of Investor B shares being left in an account, all of the Investor B shares of the Fund held in the account will be converted into Investor A shares of the Fund.
In general, Investor B shares of equity Funds will convert approximately eight years after initial purchase and Investor B and Investor B1 shares of taxable and tax-exempt fixed income Funds will convert approximately ten years after initial purchase. If you exchange Investor B shares with an eight-year Conversion Period for Investor B shares with a ten-year Conversion Period, or exchange Investor B or Investor B1 shares with a ten-year Conversion Period for Investor B shares with an eight-year Conversion Period, the Conversion Period that applies to the shares you acquire in the exchange will apply and the holding period for the shares exchanged will be tacked on to the holding period for the shares acquired. The Conversion Period also may be modified for investors that participate in certain fee-based programs. See Shareholder Services Fee-Based Programs.
If you own shares of a Fund that, in the past, issued stock certificates and you continue to hold such stock certificates, you must deliver any certificates for Investor B shares of the Fund to be converted to the Transfer Agent at least one week prior to the Conversion Date applicable to those shares. If the Transfer Agent does not receive the certificates at least one week prior to the Conversion Date, your Investor B shares will convert to Investor A shares on the next scheduled Conversion Date after the certificates are delivered.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge Investor C Shares
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Investor C shares that are redeemed within one year of purchase may be subject to a 1.00% CDSC charged as a percentage of the dollar amount subject thereto. In determining whether an Investor C CDSC is applicable to a redemption, the calculation will be determined in the manner that results in the lowest possible rate being charged. The charge will be assessed on an amount equal to the lesser of the proceeds of redemption or the cost of the shares being redeemed. Accordingly, no Investor C CDSC will be imposed on increases in net asset value above the initial purchase price. In addition, no Investor C CDSC will be assessed on shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends. It will be assumed that the redemption is first of shares held for over one year or shares acquired pursuant to reinvestment of dividends and then of shares held longest during the one-year period. A transfer of shares from a shareholders account to another account will be assumed to be made in the same order as a redemption.
See Part I, Section V Information on Sales Charges and Distribution Related Expenses Investor B and Investor C Sales Charge Information of each Funds Statement of Additional Information for information about amounts paid to the Distributors in connection with Investor B and Investor C shares for the periods indicated.
Investor B and Investor C Shares Contingent Deferred Sales Charge Waivers and Reductions
The CDSC on Investor B and Investor C shares is not charged in connection with: (1) redemptions of Investor B and Investor C shares purchased through certain authorized qualified employee benefit plans and rollovers of current investments in the Fund through such plans; (2) exchanges described in Exchange Privilege below; (3) redemptions made in connection with minimum required distributions due to the shareholder reaching age 70 1 /2 from IRA and 403(b)(7) accounts; (4) redemptions made with respect to certain retirement plans sponsored by the Fund, BlackRock or its affiliates; (5) redemptions in connection with a shareholders death (including in connection with the distribution of account assets to a beneficiary of the decedent) or disability (as defined in the Code) subsequent to the purchase of Investor B or Investor C shares; (6) involuntary redemptions of Investor B or Investor C shares in accounts with low balances as described in Redemption of Shares below; (7) redemptions made pursuant to the Systematic Withdrawal Plan, subject to the limitations set forth under Systematic Withdrawal Plan below; and (8) redemptions when a shareholder can demonstrate hardship, in the absolute discretion of the Fund. In addition, no CDSC is charged on Investor B or Investor C shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends or distributions.
Class R Shares
Certain of the Funds offer Class R shares as described in each such Funds Prospectus. Class R shares are available only to certain retirement plans. Class R shares are not subject to an initial sales charge or a CDSC but are subject to an ongoing distribution fee of 0.25% per year and an ongoing account maintenance fee of 0.25% per year. Distribution fees are used to support the Funds marketing and distribution efforts, such as compensating financial advisers and other financial intermediaries, advertising and promotion. Account maintenance fees are used to compensate securities dealers and other financial intermediaries for account maintenance activities. If Class R shares are held over time, these fees may exceed the maximum sales charge that an investor would have paid as a shareholder of one of the other share classes.
Service Shares
Certain Funds offer Service shares, which are available only to certain investors, including: (i) certain financial institutions, such as banks and brokerage firms, acting on behalf of their customers; (ii) certain persons who were shareholders of the Compass Capital Group of Funds at the time of its combination with The PNC ® Fund in 1996; and (iii) participants in the Capital Directions sm asset allocation program. Service shares are not subject to an initial sales charge or a CDSC but are subject to an ongoing account maintenance fee of 0.25% per year. Service shares are offered to financial institutions (such as banks and brokerage firms) acting on behalf of their customers, certain persons who were shareholders of the Compass Capital Group of Funds at the time of its combination with The PNC ® Fund in 1996 and investors that participate in the Capital Directions SM asset allocation program.
Redemption Fee
Certain Funds charge a 2.00% redemption fee on the proceeds (calculated at market value) of a redemption (either by sale or exchange) of Fund shares made within 30 days of purchase. The redemption fee is paid to the Fund and is intended to offset the trading costs, market impact and other costs associated with short-term trading into and out of the Fund. The redemption fee is imposed to the extent that the number of Fund shares redeemed within 30 days
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exceeds the number of Fund shares that have been held for more than 30 days. For redemptions of Fund shares acquired by exchange, your holding period for the shares exchanged will not be tacked on to the holding period for the Fund shares acquired in determining whether to apply the redemption fee. The redemption fee will not apply in the following circumstances:
| Redemptions resulting from death or disability |
| Redemptions through a Systematic Withdrawal Plan or Systematic Exchange Plan |
| Redemptions of shares purchased through an Automatic Investment Plan prior to October 2, 2006 |
| Redemptions of shares acquired through dividend reinvestment |
| Redemptions of shares held in certain omnibus accounts, including retirement plans qualified under Sections 401(a) or 401(k) of the Code, or plans administered as college savings plans under Section 529 of the Code |
| Redemptions of shares held through advisory asset allocation or fee-based programs that a Distributor determines are not designed to facilitate short-term trading |
| Redemptions by shareholders executing rollovers of current investments in a Fund through qualified employee benefit plans |
| Redemptions by certain other accounts in the absolute discretion of the Funds when a shareholder can demonstrate hardship |
Distribution Plans
The distribution plan for each of the Investor A, Investor B, Investor C, Class R and Service shares of the Funds (each, a Plan) provides that a Fund pays a Distributor an account maintenance fee, accrued daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on the average daily net assets of the Fund attributable to shares of the relevant class. This fee compensates a Distributor, a selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary (pursuant to a sub-agreement) for account maintenance activities with respect to Investor A, Investor B, Investor C, Class R and Service shares of the Funds.
The Plan for each of the Investor B, Investor C and Class R shares also provides that the Fund pays a Distributor a distribution fee, accrued daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on the average daily net assets of the Fund attributable to the shares of the relevant class. This fee compensates a Distributor, a selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary (pursuant to a sub-agreement) for providing shareholder and distribution services and bearing certain distribution-related expenses of the Fund, including payments to financial advisers or other financial intermediaries for selling Investor B, Investor C and Class R shares of the Fund.
Each Funds Plans are subject to the provisions of Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act. In their consideration of a Plan, the Directors must consider all factors they deem relevant, including information as to the benefits of the Plan to the Fund and the related class of shareholders. In approving a Plan in accordance with Rule 12b-1, the non-interested Directors concluded that there is reasonable likelihood that the Plan will benefit the Fund and its related class of shareholders.
Each Plan provides that, so long as the Plan remains in effect, the non-interested Directors then in office will select and nominate other non-interested Directors. Each Plan can be terminated at any time, without penalty, by the vote of a majority of the non-interested Directors or by the vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding related class of voting securities of a Fund. A Plan cannot be amended to increase materially the amount to be spent by the Fund without the approval of the related class of shareholders. All material amendments are required to be approved by the vote of Directors, including a majority of the non-interested Directors who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose. Rule 12b-1 further requires that each Fund preserve copies of each Plan and any report made pursuant to such plan for a period of not less than six years from the date of the Plan or such report, the first two years in an easily accessible place.
Among other things, each Plan provides that the Directors will review quarterly reports of the account maintenance and/or distribution fees paid to a Distributor. Payments under the Plans are based on a percentage of average daily net assets attributable to the shares regardless of the amount of expenses incurred. As a result, distribution-related revenues from the Plans may be more or less than distribution-related expenses of the related class. Information with respect to the distribution-related revenues and expenses is presented to the Directors for their consideration
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quarterly. Distribution-related revenues consist of the account maintenance fees, the distribution fees and the CDSCs. Distribution-related expenses consist of financial adviser compensation, branch office and regional operation center selling and transaction processing expenses, advertising, sales promotion and marketing expenses and interest expense. Distribution-related revenues paid with respect to one class will not be used to finance the distribution expenditures of another class. Sales personnel may receive different compensation for selling different classes of shares.
See Part I, Section V Distribution Related Expenses of each Funds Statement of Additional Information for information relating to the fees paid by your Fund to a Distributor under each Plan during the Funds most recent fiscal year.
Limitations on the Payment of Deferred Sales Charges
The maximum sales charge rule in the Conduct Rules of the NASD imposes a limitation on certain asset-based sales charges such as the distribution fee borne by Class R shares, and the distribution fee and the CDSC borne by the Investor B and Investor C shares. This limitation does not apply to the account maintenance fee. The maximum sales charge rule is applied separately to each class and limits the aggregate of distribution fee payments and CDSCs payable by a Fund to (1) 6.25% of eligible gross sales of Investor B, Investor C and Class R shares, computed separately (excluding shares issued pursuant to dividend reinvestments and exchanges), plus (2) interest on the unpaid balance for the respective class, computed separately, at the prime rate plus 1% (the unpaid balance being the maximum amount payable minus amounts received from the payment of the distribution fee and the CDSC). See Part I, Section V Information on Sales Charges and Distribution Related Expenses Limitation on the Payment of Deferred Sales Charge of each Funds Statement of Additional Information for comparative information as of your Funds most recent fiscal year end with respect to the Investor B, Investor C and, if applicable, Class R shares of your Fund.
Other Compensation to Selling Dealers. The Manager, the Distributors and their affiliates, at their expense, currently provide additional compensation to certain financial intermediaries that make Fund shares available to their customers. With respect to affiliates of the Manager or the Distributors, such compensation may be in the form of payments or intercompany transfers.
The amount of payments made to a financial intermediary in any given year will vary based on the amount of the previous years fund sales by a financial intermediary and/or the amount of assets attributable to a financial intermediary. These payments help defray the costs incurred by financial intermediaries for, among other things, providing marketing and other services intended to assist in the offer and sale of Fund shares, for shareholder servicing activities, and/or for sub-transfer agency services provided to individual shareholders where a financial intermediary maintains omnibus accounts with the Funds Transfer Agent.
As of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, the financial intermediaries that the Distributors anticipate will receive additional payments include:
ADP Broker Dealer Inc.
AIG Valic Retirement Services
American Express / Ameriprise Financial
American Skandia Advisory Services
Amvescap Services, Inc. Retirement Services
AST
AXA Advisors
Bear Stearns
Bisys
BMO Nesbitt Burns Co.
Boston Financial Data Services, Inc. (BFDS)
Brown Brothers Harriman Co.
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Ceridian Retirement Plan Services
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
Chicago Mercantile Exchange
Citigroup Global Markets
Citistreet, LLC
CNS Distributors, Inc.
Columbia Funds Distributor, Inc.
Edgewood Services / Federated Trust
Fascorp / GWFS Equities, Inc.
Federated Edgewood Services, Inc.
Fidelity Brokerage Services, LLC / National Financial
Fidelity Investment Retirement Services
Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Company, Inc.
First Trust - Trustlynx
First Trust - Datalynx
Fiserv Securities, Inc.
Great West / Benefits Corp.
Hand Benefits & Trust Company
Hartford Life Insurance Company
Hewitt Services, LLC
HSBC Bank USA (Fedders) Services
ICMA-RC Services LLC
Invesmart
Janney Montgomery Scott
JP Morgan Retirement Services
LPL
M&I Trust
Manulife Financial Group
Manulife / John Hancock
Matrix
Mercer (Putnam)
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
Metlife Securities
MFS Investment Services
MidAtlantic Capital Corporation
MSCS Financial Services, LLC
National Investor Services Corp.
Nationwide Financial Services, Inc.
Pershing, LLC
PFPC / WySTAR
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PNC
Prudential Investment Management Services
Prudential Securities, Inc.
Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company
RBC Dain Rauscher, Inc.
Salomon Smith Barney, Inc.
SEI
Sungard
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plans Services Inc.
TC Advisors
Trust Company of America
UBS
US Asset Management, LLC
US Bancorp / US Bank National Association
US Bank
US Clearing
USAA
Vining Sparks
Wachovia Bank NA
Wachovia Securities
Wells Fargo NA Institutional Investments
R EDEMPTION O F S HARES
Each Fund is required to redeem for cash all shares of the Fund upon receipt of a written request in proper form. The redemption price is the net asset value per share next determined after the initial receipt of proper notice of redemption. The value of shares of each Fund at the time of redemption may be more or less than your cost at the time of purchase, depending in part on the market value of the securities held by the Fund at such time. Except for any CDSC or redemption fee that may be applicable, there will be no redemption charge if your redemption request is sent directly to the Transfer Agent. If you are liquidating your holdings you will receive all dividends reinvested through the date of redemption.
The right to redeem shares may be suspended for more than seven days only (i) for any period during which trading on the NYSE is restricted as determined by the Commission or during which the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings), (ii) for any period during which an emergency exists, as defined by the Commission, as a result of which disposal of portfolio securities or determination of the net asset value of the Fund is not reasonably practicable, or (iii) for such other periods as the Commission may by order permit for the protection of shareholders of the Fund.
Each Fund, with other investment companies advised by the Manager, has entered into a joint committed line of credit with a syndicate of banks that is intended to provide the Fund with a temporary source of cash to be used to meet redemption requests from shareholders in extraordinary or emergency circumstances.
Redemption
If you hold shares with the Transfer Agent you may redeem such shares without charge by writing to the Funds Transfer Agent, PFPC, Inc., P.O. Box 9819, Providence, Rhode Island, 02940. Redemption requests delivered other than by mail should be sent to PFPC, Inc. 101 Sabin Street, Pawtucket, Rhode Island 02860. If you hold share certificates issued by your Fund, the letter must be accompanied by certificates for the shares. Redemption requests
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should not be sent to the Fund. A redemption request requires the signature(s) of all persons in whose name(s) the shares are registered, signed exactly as such name(s) appear(s) on the Transfer Agents register. If (i) the proceeds of the redemption would exceed $250,000 for a redemption by wire or Automated Clearing House Network (ACH), or $100,000 for a redemption by check; (ii) the Fund does not have verified banking information on file; (iii) the proceeds are not to be paid to the record owner at the record address; or (iv) the shareholder is a corporation, partnership, trust or fiduciary, signature(s) must be guaranteed by any eligible guarantor institution as defined in Rule 17Ad-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act), whose existence and validity may be verified by the Transfer Agent through the use of industry publications. A signature guarantee may be obtained from a domestic bank or trust company, recognized broker, dealer, clearing agency, savings association that is a participant in a medallion program by the Securities Transfer Association, credit unions, national securities exchanges and registered securities associations. The three recognized medallion programs are Securities Transfer Agent Medallion Program (STAMP), Stock Exchanges Medallion Program (SEMP) and New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Medallion Signature Program (MSP). Signature Guarantees which are not a part of these programs will not be accepted. Please note that a notary public stamp or seal is not acceptable. Generally, a properly signed written request with any required signature guarantee is all that is required for a redemption. In some cases, however, other documents may be necessary. Additional documentary evidence of authority is required by PFPC in the event redemption is requested by a corporation, partnership, trust, fiduciary, executor or administrator.
You may also redeem shares held with the Transfer Agent by calling (800) 441-7762. You must be the shareholder of record and the request must be for $25,000 or less. Before telephone requests will be honored, signature approval from all shareholders of record on the account must be obtained. The shares being redeemed must have been held for at least 15 days. Telephone redemption requests will not be honored if: (i) the accountholder is deceased, (ii) the proceeds are to be sent to someone other than the shareholder of record, (iii) funds are to be wired to the clients bank account, (iv) a systematic withdrawal plan is in effect, (v) the request is by an individual other than the accountholder of record, (vi) the account is held by joint tenants who are divorced, (vii) the address on the account has changed within the last 30 days or share certificates have been issued on the account, or (viii) to protect against fraud, if the caller is unable to provide the account number, the name and address registered on the account and the social security number registered on the account. The Funds or the Transfer Agent may temporarily suspend telephone transactions at any time.
If you redeem shares directly with the Transfer Agent, payments will generally be mailed within seven days of receipt of the proper notice of redemption. A Fund may delay the mailing of a redemption check until good payment (that is, cash, Federal funds or certified check drawn on a U.S. bank) has been collected for the purchase of Fund shares, which delay will usually not exceed 10 days. If your account is held directly with the Transfer Agent and contains a fractional share balance following a redemption, the fractional share balance will be automatically redeemed by the Fund.
Service Shares. A Fund may redeem Service shares in any Fund account if the account balance drops below $5,000 as the result of redemption requests and the shareholder does not increase the balance to at least $5,000 upon 30 days written notice. If a customer has agreed with an institution to maintain a minimum balance in his or her account with the institution, and the balance in the account falls below that minimum, the customer may be obligated to redeem all or part of his or her shares in the Fund to the extent necessary to maintain the minimum balance required.
Repurchase
A Fund normally will accept orders to repurchase shares from Selling Dealers for their customers. Shares will be priced at the net asset value of the Fund next determined after receipt of the repurchase order by a Selling Dealer that has been authorized by the Distributors by contract to accept such orders. As to repurchase orders received by Selling Dealers prior to the close of business on the NYSE (generally, the NYSE closes at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), on the day the order is placed, which includes orders received after the close of business on the previous day, the repurchase price is the net asset value determined as of the close of business on the NYSE on that day. If the orders for repurchase are not received by the Selling Dealer before the close of business on the NYSE, such orders are deemed received on the next business day.
These repurchase arrangements are for your convenience and do not involve a charge by the Fund (other than any applicable CDSC or redemption fee). However, Selling Dealers may charge a processing fee in connection with
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such transactions. In addition, securities firms that do not have selected dealer agreements with the Distributors may impose a transaction charge for transmitting the notice of repurchase to the Fund. Each Fund reserves the right to reject any order for repurchase. A shareholder whose order for repurchase is rejected by a Fund, however, may redeem shares as set out above.
Reinstatement Privilege - Investor A Shares
Upon redemption of any class of shares (other than Class R), a shareholder may reinvest the redemption proceeds (after paying any applicable CDSC or redemption/exchange fee) in Investor A shares of the same Fund without paying a front-end sales charge. This right may be exercised once a year and within 60 days of the redemption, provided the Investor A share class of that Fund is currently open to new investors or the shareholder has a current account in that closed Fund. To exercise this privilege, PFPC must be notified of the reinvestment in writing by the purchaser, or by his or her broker, at the time purchase is made. An investor should consult a tax adviser concerning the tax consequences of use of the reinstatement privilege.
S HAREHOLDER S ERVICES
Each Fund offers one or more of the shareholder services described below that are designed to facilitate investment in its shares. You can obtain more information about these services from each Fund by calling the telephone number on the cover page, or from the Distributors, your financial adviser, your selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary. Certain of these services are available only to U.S. investors.
Investment Account
If your account is maintained at the Transfer Agent (an Investment Account) you will receive statements, at least quarterly, from the Transfer Agent. These statements will serve as confirmations for automatic investment purchases and the reinvestment of dividends. The statements also will show any other activity in your Investment Account since the last statement. You also will receive separate confirmations for each purchase or sale transaction other than automatic investment purchases and the reinvestment of dividends. If your Investment Account is held at the Transfer Agent you may make additions to it at any time by mailing a check directly to the Transfer Agent. You may also maintain an account through a selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary. If you transfer shares out of an account maintained with a selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary, an Investment Account in your name may be opened automatically at the Transfer Agent.
You may transfer Fund shares from a selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary to another securities dealer or other financial intermediary that has entered into an agreement with a Distributor. Certain shareholder services may not be available for the transferred shares. All future trading of these assets must be coordinated by the new firm. If you wish to transfer your shares to a securities dealer or other financial intermediary that has not entered into an agreement with a Distributor, you must either (i) redeem your shares, paying any applicable CDSC or (ii) continue to maintain an Investment Account at the Transfer Agent for those shares. You also may request that the new securities dealer or other financial intermediary maintain the shares in an account at the Transfer Agent registered in the name of the securities dealer or other financial intermediary for your benefit whether the securities dealer or other financial intermediary has entered into a selected dealer agreement or not. In the interest of economy and convenience and because of the operating procedures of each Fund, share certificates will not be issued physically. Shares are maintained by each Fund on its register maintained by the Transfer Agent and the holders thereof will have the same rights and ownership with respect to such shares as if certificates had been issued.
If you are considering transferring a tax-deferred retirement account, such as an individual retirement account, from one selected securities dealer to another securities dealer or other financial intermediary, you should be aware that if the new firm will not take delivery of shares of the Fund, you must either redeem the shares (paying any applicable CDSC) so that the cash proceeds can be transferred to the account at the new firm, or you must continue to maintain a retirement account at the original selected securities dealer for those shares.
Exchange Privilege
U.S. shareholders of Investor A, Investor B, Investor C and Institutional shares of each Fund have an exchange privilege with certain other Funds. In order to qualify for the exchange privilege, the shares you wish to exchange
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are required to have a net asset value of at least $100 and must have been held by you for at least 15 days. In addition, if you held the shares used in the exchange for 30 days or less, you may be charged a redemption fee at the time of the exchange. Before effecting an exchange, you should obtain a currently effective prospectus of the fund into which you wish to make the exchange. Exercise of the exchange privilege is treated as a sale of the exchanged shares and a purchase of the acquired shares for Federal income tax purposes.
Exchanges of Investor A and Institutional Shares. Investor A and Institutional shares are exchangeable with shares of the same class of other Funds.
Exchanges of Institutional shares outstanding (outstanding Institutional shares) for Institutional shares of a second Fund or for shares of a money market fund (new Institutional shares) are effected on the basis of relative net asset value per Institutional share. Exchanges of Investor A shares outstanding (outstanding Investor A shares) for Investor A shares of a second Fund, or for shares of a money market fund (new Investor A shares) are effected on the basis of relative net asset value per share.
Exchanges of Investor B and Investor C Shares. Shareholders of certain Funds with Investor B and Investor C shares outstanding (outstanding Investor B or Investor C shares) may exchange their shares for Investor B or Investor C shares, respectively, of a second Fund or for shares of a money market fund (new Investor B or Investor C shares) on the basis of relative net asset value per Investor B or Investor C share, without the payment of any CDSC. Certain Funds impose different CDSC schedules. If you exchange your Investor B shares for shares of a fund with a different CDSC schedule, the CDSC schedule that applies to the shares exchanged will continue to apply. For purposes of computing the CDSC upon redemption of new Investor B or Investor C shares, the time you held both the exchanged Investor B or Investor C shares and the new Investor B shares or Investor C shares will count towards the holding period of the new Investor B or Investor C shares. For example, if you exchange Investor B shares of a Fund with a six-year CDSC for those of a second Fund after having held the first Funds Investor B shares for two-and-a-half years, the 3.50% CDSC that generally would apply to a redemption would not apply to the exchange. Four years later if you decide to redeem the Investor B shares of the second Fund and receive cash, there will be no CDSC due on this redemption since by adding the two-and-a-half year holding period of the first Funds Investor B shares to the four year holding period for the second Funds Investor B shares, you will be deemed to have held the second Funds Investor B shares for more than six years. The length of the CDSC period was extended from four years to six years on June 1, 2001 for certain equity Funds and from four to six years (or from one to three years for certain Funds) on December 1, 2002 for certain fixed income Funds. Investor B shares of the applicable Funds purchased prior to these dates are subject to the shorter CDSC schedule in effect at the time of purchase. This shorter CDSC schedule will also generally apply to Investor B shares received in exchange for such shares.
Exchanges for Shares of a Money Market Fund. You may exchange any class of Investor shares for shares of an affiliated money market fund. If you exchange into BlackRock Summit Cash Reserves Fund (Summit), a series of BlackRock Financial Institutions Series Trust, you will receive one of two classes of shares: exchanges of Investor A and Institutional shares of a Fund will receive Investor A shares of Summit and exchanges of Investor B and Investor C shares of a Fund will receive Investor B shares of Summit. You may exchange Investor A shares of Summit back into Investor A or Institutional shares of a Fund. You may exchange Investor B shares of Summit back into Investor B or Investor C shares of a Fund and, in the event of such an exchange, the period of time that you held Investor B shares of Summit will count toward satisfaction of the holding period requirement for purposes of reducing any CDSC and toward satisfaction of any Conversion Period with respect to Investor B shares. Investor B shares of Summit are subject to a distribution fee at an annual rate of 0.75% of average daily net assets of such Investor B shares. Exchanges of Investor B or Investor C shares of a money market fund other than Summit for Investor B or Investor C shares of a Fund will be exercised at net asset value. However, a CDSC will be charged in connection with any subsequent redemption of the Investor B or Investor C shares of the Fund received in the exchange. In determining the holding period for calculating the CDSC payable on such redemption, the holding period of the money market fund Investor B or Investor C shares originally held will be added to the holding period of the Investor B or Investor C shares acquired through exchange.
Exchanges by Participants in Certain Programs. The exchange privilege may be modified with respect to certain participants in mutual fund advisory programs and other fee-based programs sponsored by the Manager, an affiliate of the Manager, or selected securities dealers or other financial intermediaries that have an agreement with a Distributor. See Fee-Based Programs below.
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Exercise of the Exchange Privilege. To exercise the exchange privilege, you should contact your financial adviser or PFPC, who will advise each Fund of the exchange. If you do not hold share certificates, you may exercise the exchange privilege by wire through your securities dealer or other financial intermediary. Each Fund reserves the right to require a properly completed exchange application.
A shareholder who wishes to make an exchange may do so by sending a written request to the Fund c/o PFPC at the following address: PFPC Inc., P.O. Box 9819, Providence, RI 02940-8019. Shareholders are automatically provided with telephone exchange privileges when opening an account, unless they indicate on the Application that they do not wish to use this privilege. To add this feature to an existing account that previously did not provide this option, a Telephone Exchange Authorization Form must be filed with PFPC. This form is available from PFPC. Once this election has been made, the shareholder may simply contact the Fund by telephone at (800) 441-7762 to request the exchange. During periods of substantial economic or market change, telephone exchanges may be difficult to complete and shareholders may have to submit exchange requests to PFPC in writing.
If the exchanging shareholder does not currently own shares of the investment portfolio whose shares are being acquired, a new account will be established with the same registration, dividend and capital gain options and broker of record as the account from which shares are exchanged, unless otherwise specified in writing by the shareholder with all signatures guaranteed by an eligible guarantor institution as defined below. In order to participate in the Automatic Investment Program or establish a Systematic Withdrawal Plan for the new account, however, an exchanging shareholder must file a specific written request.
Any share exchange must satisfy the requirements relating to the minimum initial investment requirement, and must be legally available for sale in the state of the investors residence. For Federal income tax purposes, a share exchange is a taxable event and, accordingly, a capital gain or loss may be realized. Before making an exchange request, shareholders should consult a tax or other financial adviser and should consider the investment objective, policies and restrictions of the investment portfolio into which the shareholder is making an exchange. Brokers may charge a fee for handling exchanges.
This exchange privilege may be modified or terminated in accordance with the rules of the Commission. Each Fund reserves the right to limit the number of times an investor may exercise the exchange privilege. Certain Funds may suspend the continuous offering of their shares to the general public at any time and may resume such offering from time to time. The exchange privilege is available only to U.S. shareholders in states where the exchange legally may be made. The exchange privilege may be applicable to other new mutual funds whose shares may be distributed by a Distributor.
Fee-Based Programs
Certain fee-based programs offered by the Manager or its affiliates, or by a selected securities dealer or other financial intermediary that has an agreement with a Distributor, including pricing alternatives for securities transactions (each referred to in this paragraph as a Program), may permit the purchase of Institutional shares. Under specified circumstances, participants in certain Programs may exchange their shares in the Program for Institutional shares. Initial or deferred sales charges otherwise due in connection with such exchanges may be waived or modified, as may the Conversion Period applicable to the deposited shares. Termination of participation in a Program may result in the redemption of shares or the automatic exchange of shares to another class at net asset value. Shareholders that participate in a fee based Program generally have two options at termination. A Program can be terminated and the shares liquidated or a Program can be terminated and the shares held in an account. In general, when a shareholder chooses to continue to hold the shares, whatever share class was held in the Program can be held after termination. Shares that have been held for less than specified periods within a Program may be subject to a fee upon redemption. Shareholders that held Investor A or Institutional shares in a Program are eligible to purchase additional shares of the respective share class of the Fund, but purchase of Investor A shares may be subject to upfront sales charges. A shareholder may only make additional purchases of Institutional shares if the shareholder is otherwise eligible to purchase Institutional shares.
Retirement and Education Savings Plans
Individual retirement accounts and other retirement and education savings plans are available from your financial intermediary. Under these plans, investments may be made in a Fund and certain of the other mutual funds
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sponsored by the Manager or its affiliates as well as in other securities. There may be fees associated with investing through these plans. Information with respect to these plans is available on request from your financial intermediary.
Dividends received in each of the plans referred to above are exempt from Federal taxation until distributed from the plans and, in the case of Roth IRAs and education savings plans, may be exempt from taxation when distributed as well. Investors considering participation in any retirement or education savings plan should review specific tax laws relating to the plan and should consult their attorneys or tax advisers with respect to the establishment and maintenance of any such plan.
Automatic Investment Plans
You may make additions to an Investment Account through a service known as the Automatic Investment Plan. Under the Automatic Investment Plan, a Fund is authorized, on a regular basis, to provide systematic additions to your Investment Account through charges of $50 or more to your regular bank account by either pre-authorized checks or automated clearing house debits. If you buy shares of a Fund through certain accounts, no minimum charge to your bank account is required. Contact your financial adviser or other financial intermediary for more information.
Automatic Dividend Reinvestment Plan
Each Fund will distribute substantially all of its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to shareholders. All distributions are reinvested at net asset value in the form of additional full and fractional shares of the same class of shares of the relevant Fund unless a shareholder elects otherwise. Such election, or any revocation thereof, must be made in writing to PFPC, and will become effective with respect to dividends paid after its receipt by PFPC. Each Fund declares a dividend each day on settled shares ( i.e. , shares for which the particular Fund has received payment in Federal funds) on the first Business Day after a purchase order is placed with the Fund. Payments by check are normally converted to Federal funds within two Business Days of receipt. Over the course of a year, substantially all of the Funds net investment income will be declared as dividends. The amount of the daily dividend for each Fund will be based on periodic projections of its net investment income. All dividends are paid within ten days after the end of each month. Net realized capital gains (including net short-term capital gains), if any, will be distributed by each Fund at least annually.
Systematic Withdrawal Plans
Shareholders may receive regular distributions from their accounts via a Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP). Upon commencement of the SWP, the account must have a current value of $10,000 or more in a Fund. Shareholders may elect to receive automatic cash payments of $50 or more at any interval. You may choose any day for the withdrawal. If no day is specified, the withdrawals will be processed on the 25th day of the month or, if such day in not a Business Day, on the prior Business Day and are paid promptly thereafter. An investor may utilize the SWP by completing the Systematic Withdrawal Plan Application Form which may be obtained by visiting our website at www.blackrock.com/funds.
Shareholders should realize that if withdrawals exceed income dividends their invested principal in the account will be depleted. To participate in the SWP, shareholders must have their dividends automatically reinvested. Shareholders may change or cancel the SWP at any time, upon written notice to the Fund, or by calling the Fund at (800) 441-7762. Purchases of additional Investor A shares of the Fund concurrently with withdrawals may be disadvantageous to investors because of the sales charges involved and, therefore, are discouraged. No CDSC will be assessed on redemptions of Investor B or Investor C shares made through the SWP that do not exceed 12% of the original investment on an annualized basis. For example, monthly, quarterly and semi-annual SWP redemptions of Investor B or Investor C shares will not be subject to the CDSC if they do not exceed 1% (monthly), 3% (quarterly) and 6% (semi-annually), respectively, of an accounts net asset value on the redemption date. SWP redemptions of Investor B or Investor C shares in excess of this limit are still subject to the applicable CDSC.
For this reason, a shareholder may not participate in the Automatic Investment Plan described above (see How to Buy, Sell, Transfer and Exchange Shares in the Funds Prospectus) and the SWP at the same time.
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Dividend Allocation Plan
The Dividend Allocation Plan allows shareholders to elect to have all their dividends and any other distributions from any Eligible Fund (which mean funds so designated by the Distributors from time to time) automatically invested at net asset value in one other such Eligible Fund designated by the shareholder, provided the account into which the dividends and distributions are directed is initially funded with the requisite minimum amount.
P RICING OF S HARES
Determination of Net Asset Value
The net asset value of each class of shares of each Fund is determined once daily Monday through Friday as of the close of business on the NYSE on each day the NYSE is open for trading based on prices at the time of closing. The NYSE generally closes at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. Any assets or liabilities initially expressed in terms of foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the prevailing market rates as quoted by one or more banks or dealers on the day of valuation. The NYSE is not open for trading on New Years Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Net asset value per share is computed by dividing the value of the securities held by a Fund plus any cash or other assets (including interest and dividends accrued but not yet received) minus all liabilities (including accrued expenses) by the total number of shares outstanding at such time (on a class by class basis), rounded to the nearest cent. Expenses, including the fees payable to the Manager and Distributors, are accrued daily.
The principal asset of each Feeder Fund will normally be its interest in an underlying Master Portfolio. The value of that interest is based on the net assets of the Master Portfolio, which are comprised of the value of the securities held by the Master Portfolio plus any cash or other assets (including interest and dividends accrued but not yet received) minus all liabilities (including accrued expenses of the Master Portfolio). Expenses of a Master Portfolio, including the investment advisory fees, are accrued daily. The net asset value of a Feeder Fund is equal to the value of the Feeder Funds proportionate interest in the net assets of the Master Portfolio plus any cash or other assets, minus all liabilities (including accrued expenses) of the Feeder Fund. To determine a Feeder Funds net asset value per share, the Feeder Funds net asset value is divided by the total number of shares outstanding of the Feeder Fund at such time (on a class by class basis), rounded to the nearest cent. Expenses, including fees payable to the Administrator and Distributors, are accrued daily.
The per share net asset value of Investor A, Investor B, Investor C, Class R and Service shares generally will be lower than the per share net asset value of Institutional shares, reflecting the daily expense accruals of the account maintenance, distribution and higher transfer agency fees applicable with respect to Investor B and Investor C shares, the daily expense accruals of the account maintenance fees applicable with respect to Investor A and Service shares and the daily expense accruals of the account maintenance and distribution fees applicable to Class R shares. Moreover, the per share net asset value of the Investor B, Investor C and Class R shares generally will be lower than the per share net asset value of Investor A and Service shares reflecting the daily expense accruals of the distribution fees and higher transfer agency fees applicable with respect to Investor B and Investor C shares and the daily expense accruals of the distribution fees applicable to Class R shares of a Fund. In addition, the per share net asset value of Investor B and Investor C shares generally will be lower than the per share net asset value of Class R shares due to the daily expense accruals of the higher distribution fees and higher transfer agency fees applicable to Investor B and Investor C shares. It is expected, however, that the per share net asset value of all classes of a Fund will tend to converge (although not necessarily meet) immediately after the payment of dividends, which will differ by approximately the amount of the expense accrual differentials between the classes.
Securities that are held by a Fund that are traded on stock exchanges or the NASDAQ National Market are valued at the last sale price or official close price on the exchange, as of the close of business on the day the securities are being valued or, lacking any sales, at the last available bid price for long positions, and at the last available ask price for short positions. In cases where equity securities are traded on more than one exchange, the securities are valued on the exchange designated as the primary market by or under the authority of the Board of Directors. Long positions traded in the OTC market, NASDAQ Small Cap Market or Bulletin Board are valued at the last available bid price or yield equivalent obtained from one or more dealers or pricing services approved by the Board of
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Directors. Short positions traded in the OTC market are valued at the last available ask price. Portfolio securities that are traded both in the OTC market and on a stock exchange are valued according to the broadest and most representative market.
Options written are valued at the last sale price in the case of exchange-traded options or, in the case of options traded in the OTC market, the last ask price. Options purchased are valued at their last sale price in the case of exchange-traded options or, in the case of options traded in the OTC market, the last bid price. Swap agreements are valued daily based upon quotations from market makers or by a pricing service approved by the Board of Directors. Financial futures contracts and options thereon, which are traded on exchanges, are valued at their last sale price as of the close of such exchanges. Obligations with remaining maturities of 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost unless the Manager believes that this method no longer produces fair valuations. Repurchase agreements are valued at cost plus accrued interest.
Each Fund employs pricing services to provide certain securities prices for the Fund. Securities and assets for which market quotations are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Board of Directors, including valuations furnished by the pricing services retained by the Fund, which may use a matrix system for valuations. The procedures of a pricing service and its valuations are reviewed by the officers of a Fund under the general supervision of the Board of Directors. Such valuations and procedures will be reviewed periodically by the Board of Directors.
Generally, trading in foreign securities, as well as U.S. government securities and money market instruments and certain fixed income securities, is substantially completed each day at various times prior to the close of business on the NYSE. The values of such securities used in computing the net asset value of a Funds shares are determined as of such times. Foreign currency exchange rates also are generally determined prior to the close of business on the NYSE. Occasionally, events affecting the values of such securities and such exchange rates may occur between the times at which they are determined and the close of business on the NYSE that may not be reflected in the computation of a Funds net asset value. If events (for example, a company announcement, market volatility or a natural disaster) occur during such periods that are expected to materially affect the value of such securities, those securities will be valued at their fair value as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors or by the Manager using a pricing service and/or procedures approved by the Board of Directors.
For Funds organized in a master-feeder structure, each investor in a Master Portfolio may add to or reduce its investment in the Master Portfolio on each day the NYSE is open for trading. The value of each investors (including a Feeder Funds) interest in a Master Portfolio will be determined after the close of business on the NYSE by multiplying the net asset value of the Master Portfolio by the percentage, effective for that day, that represents that investors share of the aggregate interests in the Master Portfolio. Any additions or withdrawals to be effected on that day will then be effected. The investors percentage of the aggregate beneficial interests in a Master Portfolio will then be recomputed as the percentage equal to the fraction (i) the numerator of which is the value of such investors investment in the Master Portfolio as of the time of determination on such day plus or minus, as the case may be, the amount of any additions to or withdrawals from the investors investment in the Master Portfolio effected on such day, and (ii) the denominator of which is the aggregate net asset value of the Master Portfolio as of such time on such day plus or minus, as the case may be, the amount of the net additions to or withdrawals from the aggregate investments in the Master Portfolio by all investors in the Master Portfolio. The percentage so determined will then be applied to determine the value of the investors interest in a Master Portfolio after the close of business of the NYSE or the next determination of net asset
Computation of Offering Price Per Share
See Part I, Section VI Computation of Offering Price of each Funds Statement of Additional Information for an illustration of the computation of the offering price for the different classes of shares
P ORTFOLIO T RANSACTIONS AND B ROKERAGE
Transactions in Portfolio Securities
Subject to policies established by the Board of Directors, the Manager is primarily responsible for the execution of a Funds portfolio transactions and the allocation of brokerage. The Manager does not execute transactions through
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any particular broker or dealer, but seeks to obtain the best net results for the Fund, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of order, difficulty of execution, operational facilities of the firm and the firms risk and skill in positioning blocks of securities. While the Manager generally seeks reasonable trade execution costs, a Fund does not necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available. Subject to applicable legal requirements, the Manager may select a broker based partly upon brokerage or research services provided to the Manager and its clients, including a Fund. In return for such services the Manager may cause a Fund to pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if the Manager determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.
In the case of Feeder Funds, because each Feeder Fund generally invests exclusively in beneficial interests of a Master Portfolio, it is expected that all transactions in portfolio securities will be entered into by the Master Portfolio.
Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act (Section 28(e)) permits an investment adviser, under certain circumstances, to cause an account to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction that exceeds the amount another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the same transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by that broker or dealer. This includes commissions paid on riskless principal transactions under certain conditions. Brokerage and research services include (1) furnishing advice as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities; (2) furnishing analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy, and the performance of accounts; and (3) effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental to securities transactions (such as clearance, settlement, and custody). The Manager believes that access to independent investment research is beneficial to its investment decision-making processes and, therefore, to the Funds.
To the extent research services may be a factor in selecting brokers, such services may be in written form or through direct contact with individuals and may include information as to particular companies and securities as well as market, economic, or institutional areas and information that assists in the valuation of investments. Examples of research-oriented services for which the Manager might pay with Fund commissions include research reports and other information on the economy, industries, groups of securities, individual companies, statistical information, political developments, technical market action, pricing and appraisal services, credit analysis, risk measurement analysis, performance and other analysis. Except as noted immediately below, research services furnished by brokers may be used in servicing some or all client accounts and not all services may be used in connection with the account that paid commissions to the broker providing such services. In some cases, research information received from brokers by mutual fund management personnel, or personnel principally responsible for the Managers individually managed portfolios, is not necessarily shared by and between such personnel. Any investment advisory or other fees paid by a Fund to the Manager are not reduced as a result of the Managers receipt of research services. In some cases the Manager may receive a service from a broker that has both a research and a non-research use. When this occurs the Manager makes a good faith allocation, under all the circumstances, between the research and non-research uses of the service. The percentage of the service that is used for research purposes may be paid for with client commissions, while the Manager will use its own funds to pay for the percentage of the service that is used for non-research purposes. In making this good faith allocation, the Manager faces a potential conflict of interest, but the Manager believes that its allocation procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that it appropriately allocates the anticipated use of such services to their research and non-research uses.
From time to time, a Fund may purchase new issues of securities in a fixed price offering. In these situations, the broker may be a member of the selling group that will, in addition to selling securities, provide the Manager with research services. The NASD has adopted rules expressly permitting these types of arrangements under certain circumstances. Generally, the broker will provide research credits in these situations at a rate that is higher than that available for typical secondary market transactions. These arrangements may not fall within the safe harbor of Section 28(e).
The Manager does not consider sales of shares of the mutual funds it advises as a factor in the selection of brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions for a Fund; however, whether or not a particular broker or dealer sells shares of the mutual funds advised by the Manager neither qualifies nor disqualifies such broker or dealer to execute transactions for those mutual funds.
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Each Fund anticipates that its brokerage transactions involving foreign securities generally will be conducted primarily on the principal stock exchanges of the applicable country. Foreign equity securities may be held by a Fund in the form of Depositary Receipts, or other securities convertible into foreign equity securities. Depositary Receipts may be listed on stock exchanges, or traded in over-the-counter markets in the United States or Europe, as the case may be. American Depositary Receipts, like other securities traded in the United States, will be subject to negotiated commission rates. Because the shares of each Fund are redeemable on a daily basis in U.S. dollars, each Fund intends to manage its portfolio so as to give reasonable assurance that it will be able to obtain U.S. dollars to the extent necessary to meet anticipated redemptions. Under present conditions, it is not believed that these considerations will have a significant effect on a Funds portfolio strategies.
See Part I, Section VII Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage of each Funds Statement of Additional Information for information about the brokerage commissions paid by your Fund, including commissions paid to Merrill Lynch, if any, for the periods indicated.
Each Fund may invest in certain securities traded in the OTC market and intends to deal directly with the dealers who make a market in the particular securities, except in those circumstances in which better prices and execution are available elsewhere. Under the Investment Company Act, persons affiliated with a Fund and persons who are affiliated with such affiliated persons are prohibited from dealing with the Fund as principal in the purchase and sale of securities unless a permissive order allowing such transactions is obtained from the Commission. Since transactions in the OTC market usually involve transactions with the dealers acting as principal for their own accounts, the Funds will not deal with affiliated persons, including Merrill Lynch and its affiliates, in connection with such transactions. However, an affiliated person of a Fund may serve as its broker in OTC transactions conducted on an agency basis provided that, among other things, the fee or commission received by such affiliated broker is reasonable and fair compared to the fee or commission received by non-affiliated brokers in connection with comparable transactions. In addition, a Fund may not purchase securities during the existence of any underwriting syndicate for such securities of which Merrill Lynch is a member or in a private placement in which Merrill Lynch serves as placement agent except pursuant to procedures approved by the Board of Directors that either comply with rules adopted by the Commission or with interpretations of the Commission staff.
Each Fund has received an exemptive order from the Commission permitting it to lend portfolio securities to Merrill Lynch or its affiliates. Pursuant to that order, each Fund also has retained an affiliated entity of the Manager as the securities lending agent (the lending agent) for a fee, including a fee based on a share of the returns on investment of cash collateral. Please see Part I, Section VII Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage of each Funds Statement of Additional Information for information on the securities lending fees paid the lending agent by your Fund. In connection with securities lending activities, the lending agent may, on behalf of a Fund, invest cash collateral received by the Fund for such loans, among other things, in a private investment company managed by the lending agent or in registered money market funds advised by the Manager or its affiliates, or in a private investment company managed by the lending agent. If a Fund acquires shares in either the private investment company or an affiliated money market fund, shareholders would bear both their proportionate share of the Funds expenses, and indirectly, the expense of such other entities. However, in accordance with the exemptive order, the manager to the private investment company will not charge any advisory fees with respect to shares purchased by a Fund. Such shares also will not be subject to a sales load, redemption fee, distribution fee or service fee, or in the case of the shares of an affiliated money market fund, the payment of any such sales load, redemption fee, distribution fee or service fee will be offset by the Managers waiver of a portion of its advisory fee.
Section 11(a) of the Exchange Act generally prohibits members of the U.S. national securities exchanges from executing exchange transactions for their affiliates and institutional accounts that they manage unless the member (i) has obtained prior express authorization from the account to effect such transactions, (ii) at least annually furnishes the account with a statement setting forth the aggregate compensation received by the member in effecting such transactions, and (iii) complies with any rules the Commission has prescribed with respect to the requirements of clauses (i) and (ii). To the extent Section 11(a) would apply to Merrill Lynch acting as a broker for a Fund in any of its portfolio transactions executed on any securities exchange of which it is a member, appropriate consents have been obtained from each Fund and annual statements as to aggregate compensation will be provided to each Fund.
The Directors of each Fund have considered the possibility of seeking to recapture for the benefit of the Fund brokerage commissions and other expenses of possible portfolio transactions by conducting portfolio transactions through affiliated entities. For example, brokerage commissions received by affiliated brokers could be offset
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against the advisory fee paid by each Fund to a Manager. After considering all factors deemed relevant, the Directors of each Fund made a determination not to seek such recapture. The Directors of each Fund will reconsider this matter from time to time.
Because of different objectives or other factors, a particular security may be bought for one or more funds or clients advised by the Manager or its affiliates (collectively, clients) when one or more clients of the Manager or its affiliates are selling the same security. If purchases or sales of securities arise for consideration at or about the same time that would involve a Fund or other clients or funds for which the Manager or an affiliate act as investment manager, transactions in such securities will be made, insofar as feasible, for the respective funds and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all. To the extent that transactions on behalf of more than one client of the Manager or its affiliates during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, there may be an adverse effect on price.
Portfolio Turnover
While a Fund generally does not expect to engage in trading for short-term gains, it will effect portfolio transactions without regard to any holding period if, in Fund managements judgment, such transactions are advisable in light of a change in circumstances of a particular company or within a particular industry or in general market, economic or financial conditions. The portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of a Funds annual sales or purchases of portfolio securities (exclusive of purchases or sales of U.S. government securities and all other securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less) by the monthly average value of the securities in the portfolio during the year. A high rate of portfolio turnover results in certain tax consequences, such as increased capital gain dividends and/or ordinary income dividends, and in correspondingly greater transaction costs in the form of dealer spreads and brokerage commissions, which are borne directly by a Fund.
D IVIDENDS A ND T AXES
Dividends
Each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income, if any. Dividends from such net investment income are paid as set forth in each Funds prospectus. Each Fund will also distribute all net realized capital gains, if any, as set forth in such Funds prospectus. From time to time, a Fund may declare a special distribution at or about the end of the calendar year in order to comply with Federal tax requirements that certain percentages of its ordinary income and capital gains be distributed during the year. If in any fiscal year, a Fund has net income from certain foreign currency transactions, such income will be distributed at least annually.
For information concerning the manner in which dividends may be reinvested automatically in shares of each Fund, see Shareholder Services Automatic Dividend Reinvestment Plan. Shareholders may also elect in writing to receive any such dividends in cash. Dividends are taxable to shareholders, as discussed below, whether they are reinvested in shares of the Fund or received in cash. The per share dividends on Investor A, Investor B, Investor C, Class R and Service shares will be lower than the per share dividends on Institutional shares as a result of the account maintenance, distribution and higher transfer agency fees applicable to Investor B and Investor C shares, the account maintenance fees applicable to Investor A and Service shares, and the account maintenance and distribution fees applicable to Class R shares. Similarly, the per share dividends on Investor B, Investor C and Class R shares will be lower than the per share dividends on Investor A and Service shares as a result of the distribution fees and higher transfer agency fees applicable to Investor B and Investor C shares and the distribution fees applicable to Class R shares, and the per share dividends on Investor B and Investor C shares will be lower than the per share dividends on Class R shares as a result of the higher distribution fees and higher transfer agency fees applicable to Investor B and Investor C shares.
Taxes
Each Fund intends to continue to qualify for the special tax treatment afforded to regulated investment companies (RICs) under the Code. As long as a Fund so qualifies, the Fund (but not its shareholders) will not be subject to Federal income tax on the part of its investment company taxable income and net realized capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders.
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Each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of such income and gains. If, in any taxable year, a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC under the Code, such Fund would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and all distributions from earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. Federal income tax principles) to its shareholders would be taxable as ordinary dividend income eligible for the maximum 15% tax rate for non-corporate shareholders (for taxable years beginning prior to January 1, 2011) and the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.
The Code requires a RIC to pay a nondeductible 4% excise tax to the extent the RIC does not distribute, during each calendar year, 98% of its ordinary income, determined on a calendar year basis, and 98% of its capital gain net income, determined, in general, as if the RICs taxable year ended on October 31, plus certain undistributed amounts from the previous years. While each Fund intends to distribute its income and capital gains in the manner necessary to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax, there can be no assurance that a sufficient amount of the Funds taxable income and capital gains will be distributed to avoid entirely the imposition of the tax. In such event, a Fund will be liable for the tax only on the amount by which it does not meet the foregoing distribution requirements.
Dividends paid by a Fund from its ordinary income or from an excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses (together referred to as ordinary income dividends) are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions made from an excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses (including gains or losses from certain transactions in futures and options) (capital gain dividends) are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains, regardless of the length of time the shareholder has owned Fund shares. Distributions paid by a Fund that are designated as exempt-interest dividends will not be subject to regular federal income tax. Certain dividend income and long-term capital gain are eligible for taxation at a reduced rate that applies to non-corporate shareholders for taxable years beginning prior to 2011. Under these rules, a certain portion of ordinary income dividends constituting qualified dividend income when paid by a RIC to non-corporate shareholders may be taxable to such shareholders at long-term capital gain rates. However, to the extent a Funds distributions are derived from income on debt securities, certain types of preferred stock treated as debt for federal income tax purposes and short-term capital gain, such distributions will not constitute qualified dividend income.
Ordinary income and capital gain dividends are taxable to shareholders even if they are reinvested in additional shares of a Fund. If a Fund pays a dividend in January that was declared in the previous October, November or December to shareholders of record on a specified date in one of such months, then such dividend will be treated for tax purposes as being paid by the Fund and received by its shareholders on December 31 of the year in which the dividend was declared.
No gain or loss will be recognized by Investor B shareholders on the conversion of their Investor B shares into Investor A shares. A shareholders tax basis in the Investor A shares acquired upon conversion will be the same as the shareholders tax basis in the converted Investor B shares, and the holding period of the acquired Investor A shares will include the holding period for the converted Investor B shares.
If a shareholder of a Fund exercises an exchange privilege within 90 days of acquiring the shares of a Fund, then the loss that the shareholder recognizes on the exchange will be reduced (or the gain increased) to the extent any sales charge paid on the exchanged shares reduces any sales charge the shareholder would have owed upon the purchase of the new shares in the absence of the exchange privilege. Instead, such sales charge will be treated as an amount paid for the new shares.
A loss realized on a sale or exchange of shares of a Fund will be disallowed if such shares are acquired (whether through the automatic reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date on which the shares are sold or exchanged. In such case, the basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
Certain Funds may invest in zero coupon U.S. Treasury bonds and other debt securities that are issued at a discount or provide for deferred interest. Even though a Fund receives no actual interest payments on these securities, it will be deemed to receive income equal, generally, to a portion of the excess of the face value of the securities over their issue price (original issue discount) each year that the securities are held. Since the original issue discount income earned by a Fund in a taxable year may not be represented by cash income, the Fund may have to dispose of securities, which it might otherwise have continued to hold, or borrow to generate cash in order to satisfy its distribution requirements. In addition, a Funds investment in foreign currencies or foreign currency denominated or
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referenced debt securities, certain asset-backed securities and contingent payment and inflation-indexed debt instruments also may increase or accelerate the Funds recognition of income, including the recognition of taxable income in excess of cash generated by such investments.
Ordinary income dividends paid to shareholders who are nonresident aliens or foreign entities generally will be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax under existing provisions of the Code applicable to foreign individuals and entities unless a reduced rate of withholding or a withholding exemption is provided under applicable treaty law. Dividends derived by a RIC from short-term capital gains and qualifying net interest income (including income from original issue discount and market discount) and paid to shareholders who are nonresident aliens and foreign entities, if and to the extent properly designated as interest-related dividends or short-term capital gain dividends, generally will not be subject to U.S. withholding tax. Where possible, the Fund intends to make such designations. However, depending on its circumstances, a Fund may designate all, some or none of its potentially eligible dividends as such qualified net interest income or as qualified short-term capital gains, and/or treat such dividends, in whole or in part, as ineligible for this exemption from withholding. In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or substitute Form). In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Fund designates the payment as qualified net interest income or qualified short-term capital gain. Non-U.S. shareholders should contact their intermediaries with respect to the application of these rules to their accounts. It is not possible to predict what portion, if any, of the Funds distributions will be designated as short-term capital gains or interest income exempt from withholding in the hands of nonresident and foreign shareholders.
Distributions of a Fund at least 50% of whose assets are U.S. real property interest, as defined in the Code and Treasury regulations, to the extent the distributions are attributable to gains from sales or exchanges of U.S. real property interests (including gains on the sale or exchange of shares in certain U.S. real property holding corporations, which may include certain REITS, among other entities, and certain REIT capital gain dividends) generally will cause a foreign shareholder to treat such gain as income effectively connected to a trade or business within the United States, generally subject to tax at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. shareholders. Such distributions may be subject to U.S. withholding tax and may require the foreign shareholder to file a U.S. federal income tax return.
These provisions affecting foreign shareholders generally would apply to distributions with respect to taxable years of a Fund beginning before January 1, 2008. Shareholders that are nonresident aliens or foreign entities are urged to consult their own tax advisers concerning the applicability of the U.S. withholding tax.
Under certain provisions of the Code, some shareholders may be subject to a withholding tax on ordinary income dividends, capital gain dividends and redemption payments (backup withholding). Generally, shareholders subject to backup withholding will be those for whom no certified taxpayer identification number is on file with the Fund or who, to the Funds knowledge, have furnished an incorrect number. When establishing an account, an investor must certify under penalty of perjury that such number is correct and that such investor is not otherwise subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amount withheld generally may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a shareholders Federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is timely forwarded to the IRS.
Dividends and interest received by a Fund may give rise to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries. Tax conventions between certain foreign countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes. Shareholders of certain Funds that invest more than 50% of the value of their assets at the close of a taxable year in foreign securities may be able to claim U.S. foreign tax credits with respect to such foreign taxes paid by the Fund, subject to certain requirements and limitations contained in the Code. For example, certain retirement accounts and certain tax-exempt organizations cannot claim foreign tax credits on investments in foreign securities held in a Fund. In addition, a foreign tax credit may be claimed with respect to withholding tax on payments with respect to a security only if the holder of the security meets certain holding period requirements. Both the shareholder and the Fund must meet these holding period requirements, and if a Fund fails to do so, it will not be able to pass through to shareholders the ability to claim a credit or a deduction for the related foreign taxes paid by the Fund. Further, to the extent that a Fund engages in securities lending with respect to security paying income subject to foreign taxes, it may not be able to pass through to its shareholders the ability to take a foreign tax credit. If a Fund satisfies the applicable requirements, such Fund will be eligible to file an election with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
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pursuant to which shareholders of the Fund will be required to include their proportionate shares of such foreign taxes in their U.S. income tax returns as gross income, treat such proportionate shares as taxes paid by them, and deduct such proportionate shares in computing their taxable incomes or, alternatively, use them as foreign tax credits against their U.S. income taxes. No deductions for foreign taxes, however, may be claimed by noncorporate shareholders who do not itemize deductions. A shareholder that is a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation may be subject to U.S. withholding tax on the income resulting from a Funds election described in this paragraph but may not be able to claim a credit or deduction against such U.S. tax for the foreign taxes treated as having been paid by such shareholder. A Fund will report annually to its shareholders the amount per share of such foreign taxes and other information needed to claim the foreign tax credit. For this purpose, a Fund will allocate foreign source income among each class of shareholders according to a method similar to that described above for the allocation of dividends taxable at the maximum 15% tax rate.
Certain transactions entered into by the Funds are subject to special tax rules of the Code that may, among other things, (a) affect the character of gains and losses realized, (b) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions, and (c) accelerate the recognition of income without a corresponding receipt of cash (with which to make the necessary distributions to satisfy distribution requirements applicable to RICs). Operation of these rules could, therefore, affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. Special tax rules also may require a Fund to mark to market certain types of positions in its portfolio ( i.e. , treat them as sold on the last day of the taxable year), and may result in the recognition of income without a corresponding receipt of cash. Funds engaging in transactions affected by these provisions intend to monitor their transactions, make appropriate tax elections and make appropriate entries in their books and records to lessen the effect of these tax rules and avoid any possible disqualification for the special treatment afforded RICs under the Code.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies
If a Fund purchases shares of an investment company (or similar investment entity) organized under foreign law, the Fund will generally be treated as owning shares in a passive foreign investment company (PFIC) for U.S. Federal income tax purposes. A Fund may be subject to U.S. Federal income tax, and interest charges (at the rate applicable to tax underpayments) on tax liability treated as having been deferred with respect to certain distributions from such a company and on gain from the disposition of the shares of such a company (collectively referred to as excess distributions), even if such excess distributions are paid by the Fund as a dividend to its shareholders. However, a Fund may elect to mark to market at the end of each taxable year shares that it holds in PFICs. The election is made separately for each PFIC held and, once made, would be effective for all subsequent taxable years, unless revoked with consent from the IRS. Under this election, a Fund would recognize as ordinary income any increase in the value of its shares as of the close of the taxable year over their adjusted tax basis and as ordinary loss any decrease in such value, but only to the extent of previously recognized mark-to-market gains. By making the mark-to-market election, a Fund could avoid imposition of the interest charge with respect to excess distributions from PFICs, but in any particular year might be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it received from PFICs.
If the Fund were to invest in a PFIC and elect to treat the PFIC as a qualified electing fund under the Code, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, the Fund might be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified electing fund, even if not distributed to the Fund, and such amounts would be subject to the 90% and excise tax distribution requirements described above. In order to make this election, the Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain.
P ERFORMANCE D ATA
From time to time a Fund may include its average annual total return and other total return data, and, if applicable, yield and tax-equivalent yield in advertisements or information furnished to present or prospective shareholders. Total return, yield and tax-equivalent yield each is based on a Funds historical performance and is not intended to indicate future performance. Average annual total return is determined separately for each class of shares in accordance with a formula specified by the Commission.
Quotations of average annual total return, before tax, for the specified periods are computed by finding the average annual compounded rates of return (based on net investment income and any realized and unrealized capital gains or
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losses on portfolio investments over such periods) that would equate the initial amount invested to the redeemable value of such investment at the end of each period. Average annual total return before taxes is computed assuming all dividends are reinvested and taking into account all applicable recurring and nonrecurring expenses, including the maximum sales charge, in the case of Investor A shares, and the CDSC that would be applicable to a complete redemption of the investment at the end of the specified period in the case of Investor B and Investor C shares, but does not take into account taxes payable on dividends or on redemption.
Quotations of average annual total return after taxes on distributions for the specified periods are computed by finding the average annual compounded rates of return that would equate the initial amount invested to the ending value of such investment at the end of each period assuming payment of taxes on distributions received during such period. Average annual total return after taxes on distributions is computed assuming all distributions, less the taxes due on such distributions, are reinvested and taking into account all applicable recurring and nonrecurring expenses, including the maximum sales charge, in the case of Investor A shares and the CDSC that would be applicable to a complete redemption of the investment at the end of the specified period in the case of Investor B and Investor C shares. The taxes due on distributions are calculated by applying to each distribution the highest applicable marginal Federal individual income tax rates in effect on the reinvestment date for that distribution. The rates used correspond to the tax character (including eligibility for the maximum 15% tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income) of each distribution. The taxable amount and tax character of each distribution are specified by each Fund on the distribution declaration date, but may be adjusted to reflect subsequent recharacterizations of distributions. The applicable tax rates may vary over the measurement period. The effects of state and local taxes are not reflected. Applicable tax credits, such as foreign credits, are taken into account according to Federal law. The ending value is determined assuming complete redemption at the end of the applicable periods with no tax consequences associated with such redemption.
Quotations of average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares for the specified periods are computed by finding the average annual compounded rates of return that would equate the initial amount invested to the ending value of such investment at the end of each period assuming payment of taxes on distributions received during such period as well as on complete redemption. Average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares is computed assuming all distributions, less the taxes due on such distributions, are reinvested and taking into account all applicable recurring and nonrecurring expenses, including the maximum sales charge in the case of Investor A shares and the CDSC that would be applicable to a complete redemption of the investment at the end of the specified period in the case of Investor B and Investor C shares and assuming, for all classes of shares, complete redemption and payment of taxes due on such redemption. The ending value is determined assuming complete redemption at the end of the applicable periods, subtracting capital gains taxes resulting from the redemption and adding the presumed tax benefit from capital losses resulting from redemption. The taxes due on distributions and on the deemed redemption are calculated by applying the highest applicable marginal Federal individual income tax rates in effect on the reinvestment and/or the redemption date. The rates used correspond to the tax character (including eligibility for the maximum 15% tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income) of each component of each dividend and/or the redemption payment. The applicable tax rates may vary over the measurement period. The effects of state and local taxes are not reflected. Applicable tax credits, such as foreign tax credits, are taken into account according to federal law.
A Fund also may quote annual, average annual and annualized total return and aggregate total return performance data, both as a percentage and as a dollar amount based on a hypothetical investment of $1,000 or some other amount, for various periods other than those noted below. Such data will be computed as described above, except that (1) as required by the periods of the quotations, actual annual, annualized or aggregate data, rather than average annual data, may be quoted and (2) the maximum applicable sales charges will not be included with respect to annual or annualized rates of return calculations. Aside from the impact on the performance data calculations of including or excluding the maximum applicable sales charges, actual annual or annualized total return data generally will be lower than average annual total return data since the average rates of return reflect compounding of return; aggregate total return data generally will be higher than average annual total return data since the aggregate rates of return reflect compounding over a longer period of time.
Yield quotations will be computed based on a 30-day period by dividing (a) the net income based on the yield of each security earned during the period by (b) the average daily number of shares outstanding during the period that were entitled to receive dividends multiplied by the maximum offering price per share on the last day of the period.
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Tax equivalent yield quotations will be computed by dividing (a) the part of a Funds yield that is tax-exempt by (b) one minus a stated tax rate and adding the result to that part, if any, of the Funds yield that is not tax-exempt.
See Part I, Section VIII Fund Performance of each Funds Statement of Additional Information for performance information for the shares of your Fund for the periods indicated.
A Funds total return will vary depending on market conditions, the securities comprising a Funds portfolio, a Funds operating expenses and the amount of realized and unrealized net capital gains or losses during the period. The value of an investment in a Fund will fluctuate and an investors shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost.
In order to reflect the reduced sales charges in the case of Investor A shares or the waiver of the CDSC in the case of Investor B or Investor C shares applicable to certain investors, as described under Purchase of Shares and Redemption of Shares, respectively, the total return data quoted by a Fund in advertisements directed to such investors may take into account the reduced, and not the maximum, sales charge or may take into account the CDSC waiver and, therefore, may reflect greater total return since, due to the reduced sales charges or the waiver of sales charges, a lower amount of expenses is deducted.
On occasion, a Fund may compare its performance to, among other things, the Funds benchmark index indicated in the Prospectus, the Value Line Composite Index, the Dow Jones Industrial Average, or to other published indices, or to performance data published by Lipper Inc., Morningstar, Inc. (Morningstar), Money Magazine, U.S. News & World Report, BusinessWeek, Forbes Magazine, Fortune Magazine or other industry publications. When comparing its performance to a market index, a Fund may refer to various statistical measures derived from the historical performance of a Fund and the index, such as standard deviation and beta. As with other performance data, performance comparisons should not be considered indicative of a Funds relative performance for any future period. In addition, from time to time a Fund may include the Funds Morningstar risk-adjusted performance ratings assigned by Morningstar in advertising or supplemental sales literature. From time to time a Fund may quote in advertisements or other materials other applicable measures of Fund performance and may also make reference to awards that may be given to the Manager. Certain Funds may also compare their performance to composite indices developed by Fund management.
A Fund may provide information designed to help investors understand how the Fund is seeking to achieve its investment objectives. This may include information about past, current or possible economic, market, political or other conditions, descriptive information or general principles of investing such as asset allocation, diversification and risk tolerance, discussion of a Funds portfolio composition, investment philosophy, strategy or investment techniques, comparisons of the Funds performance or portfolio composition to that of other funds or types of investments, indices relevant to the comparison being made, or to a hypothetical or model portfolio. A Fund may also quote various measures of volatility and benchmark correlation in advertising and other materials, and may compare these measures to those of other funds or types of investments.
P ROXY V OTING P OLICIES A ND P ROCEDURES
Each Funds Board of Directors has delegated to the Manager authority to vote all proxies relating to the Funds portfolio securities. The Manager has adopted policies and procedures (the Proxy Voting Procedures) with respect to the voting of proxies related to the portfolio securities held in the account of one or more of its clients, including a Fund. Pursuant to these Proxy Voting Procedures, the Managers primary objective when voting proxies is to make proxy voting decisions solely in the best interests of each Fund and its shareholders, and to act in a manner that the Manager believes is most likely to enhance the economic value of the securities held by the Fund. The Proxy Voting Procedures are designed to ensure that the Manager considers the interests of its clients, including each Fund, and not the interests of the Manager, when voting proxies and that real (or perceived) material conflicts that may arise between the Managers interest and those of the Managers clients are properly addressed and resolved.
In order to implement the Proxy Voting Procedures, the Manager has formed a Proxy Voting Committee (the Committee). The Committee is comprised of the Managers Chief Investment Officer (the CIO), one or more other senior investment professionals appointed by the CIO, portfolio managers and investment analysts appointed by the CIO and any other personnel the CIO deems appropriate. The Committee will also include two non-voting representatives from the Managers Legal Department appointed by the Managers General Counsel. The
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Committees membership shall be limited to full-time employees of the Manager. No person with any investment banking, trading, retail brokerage or research responsibilities for the Managers affiliates may serve as a member of the Committee or participate in its decision making (except to the extent such person is asked by the Committee to present information to the Committee on the same basis as other interested knowledgeable parties not affiliated with the Manager might be asked to do so). The Committee determines how to vote the proxies of all clients, including a Fund, that have delegated proxy voting authority to the Manager and seeks to ensure that all votes are consistent with the best interests of those clients and are free from unwarranted and inappropriate influences. The Committee establishes general proxy voting policies for the Manager and is responsible for determining how those policies are applied to specific proxy votes, in light of each issuers unique structure, management, strategic options and, in certain circumstances, probable economic and other anticipated consequences of alternate actions. In so doing, the Committee may determine to vote a particular proxy in a manner contrary to its generally stated policies. In addition, the Committee will be responsible for ensuring that all reporting and recordkeeping requirements related to proxy voting are fulfilled.
The Committee may determine that the subject matter of a recurring proxy issue is not suitable for general voting policies and requires a case-by-case determination. In such cases, the Committee may elect not to adopt a specific voting policy applicable to that issue. The Manager believes that certain proxy voting issues require investment analysis such as approval of mergers and other significant corporate transactions akin to investment decisions, and are, therefore, not suitable for general guidelines. The Committee may elect to adopt a common position for the Manager on certain proxy votes that are akin to investment decisions, or determine to permit the portfolio manager to make individual decisions on how best to maximize economic value for a Fund (similar to normal buy/sell investment decisions made by such portfolio managers). While it is expected that the Manager will generally seek to vote proxies over which the Manager exercises voting authority in a uniform manner for all the Managers clients, the Committee, in conjunction with a Funds portfolio manager, may determine that the Funds specific circumstances require that its proxies be voted differently.
To assist the Manager in voting proxies, the Committee has retained Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS). ISS is an independent adviser that specializes in providing a variety of fiduciary-level proxy-related services to institutional investment managers, plan sponsors, custodians, consultants, and other institutional investors. The services provided to the Manager by ISS include in-depth research, voting recommendations (although the Manager is not obligated to follow such recommendations), vote execution, and recordkeeping. ISS will also assist the Fund in fulfilling its reporting and recordkeeping obligations under the Investment Company Act.
The Managers Proxy Voting Procedures also address special circumstances that can arise in connection with proxy voting. For instance, under the Proxy Voting Procedures, the Manager generally will not seek to vote proxies related to portfolio securities that are on loan, although it may do so under certain circumstances. In addition, the Manager will vote proxies related to securities of foreign issuers only on a best efforts basis and may elect not to vote at all in certain countries where the Committee determines that the costs associated with voting generally outweigh the benefits. The Committee may at any time override these general policies if it determines that such action is in the best interests of a Fund.
From time to time, the Manager may be required to vote proxies in respect of an issuer where an affiliate of the Manager (each, an Affiliate), or a money management or other client of the Manager, including investment companies for which the Manager provides investment advisory, administrative and/or other services (each, a Client), is involved. The Proxy Voting Procedures and the Managers adherence to those procedures are designed to address such conflicts of interest. The Committee intends to strictly adhere to the Proxy Voting Procedures in all proxy matters, including matters involving Affiliates and Clients. If, however, an issue representing a non-routine matter that is material to an Affiliate or a widely known Client is involved such that the Committee does not reasonably believe it is able to follow its guidelines (or if the particular proxy matter is not addressed by the guidelines) and vote impartially, the Committee may, in its discretion for the purposes of ensuring that an independent determination is reached, retain an independent fiduciary to advise the Committee on how to vote or to cast votes on behalf of the Managers clients.
In the event that the Committee determines not to retain an independent fiduciary, or it does not follow the advice of such an independent fiduciary, the Committee may pass the voting power to a subcommittee, appointed by the CIO (with advice from the Secretary of the Committee), consisting solely of Committee members selected by the CIO. The CIO shall appoint to the subcommittee, where appropriate, only persons whose job responsibilities do not
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include contact with the Client and whose job evaluations would not be affected by the Managers relationship with the Client (or failure to retain such relationship). The subcommittee shall determine whether and how to vote all proxies on behalf of the Managers clients or, if the proxy matter is, in their judgment, akin to an investment decision, to defer to the applicable portfolio managers, provided that, if the subcommittee determines to alter the Managers normal voting guidelines or, on matters where the Managers policy is case-by-case, does not follow the voting recommendation of any proxy voting service or other independent fiduciary that may be retained to provide research or advice to the Manager on that matter, no proxies relating to the Client may be voted unless the Secretary, or in the Secretarys absence, the Assistant Secretary of the Committee concurs that the subcommittees determination is consistent with the Managers fiduciary duties.
In addition to the general principles outlined above, the Manager has adopted voting guidelines with respect to certain recurring proxy issues that are not expected to involve unusual circumstances. These policies are guidelines only, and the Manager may elect to vote differently from the recommendation set forth in a voting guideline if the Committee determines that it is in a Funds best interest to do so. In addition, the guidelines may be reviewed at any time upon the request of a Committee member and may be amended or deleted upon the vote of a majority of Committee members present at a Committee meeting at which there is a quorum.
The Manager has adopted specific voting guidelines with respect to the following proxy issues:
| Proposals related to the composition of the board of directors of issuers other than investment companies. As a general matter, the Committee believes that a companys board of directors (rather than shareholders) is most likely to have access to important, nonpublic information regarding a companys business and prospects, and is, therefore, best-positioned to set corporate policy and oversee management. The Committee, therefore, believes that the foundation of good corporate governance is the election of qualified, independent corporate directors who are likely to diligently represent the interests of shareholders and oversee management of the corporation in a manner that will seek to maximize shareholder value over time. In individual cases, the Committee may look at a nominees number of other directorships, history of representing shareholder interests as a director of other companies or other factors, to the extent the Committee deems relevant. |
| Proposals related to the selection of an issuers independent auditors. As a general matter, the Committee believes that corporate auditors have a responsibility to represent the interests of shareholders and provide an independent view on the propriety of financial reporting decisions of corporate management. While the Committee will generally defer to a corporations choice of auditor, in individual cases, the Committee may look at an auditors history of representing shareholder interests as auditor of other companies, to the extent the Committee deems relevant. |
| Proposals related to management compensation and employee benefits. As a general matter, the Committee favors disclosure of an issuers compensation and benefit policies and opposes excessive compensation, but believes that compensation matters are normally best determined by an issuers board of directors, rather than shareholders. Proposals to micro-manage an issuers compensation practices or to set arbitrary restrictions on compensation or benefits will, therefore, generally not be supported. |
| Proposals related to requests, principally from management, for approval of amendments that would alter an issuers capital structure. As a general matter, the Committee will support requests that enhance the rights of common shareholders and oppose requests that appear to be unreasonably dilutive. |
| Proposals related to requests for approval of amendments to an issuers charter or by-laws. As a general matter, the Committee opposes poison pill provisions. |
| Routine proposals related to requests regarding the formalities of corporate meetings . |
| Proposals related to proxy issues associated solely with holdings of investment company shares. As with other types of companies, the Committee believes that a funds board of directors (rather than its shareholders) is best positioned to set fund policy and oversee management. However, the Committee opposes granting boards of directors authority over certain matters, such as changes to a funds investment objective, which the Investment Company Act envisions will be approved directly by shareholders. |
| Proposals related to limiting corporate conduct in some manner that relates to the shareholders environmental or social concerns. The Committee generally believes that annual shareholder meetings are |
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| inappropriate forums for discussion of larger social issues, and opposes shareholder resolutions micromanaging corporate conduct or requesting release of information that would not help a shareholder evaluate an investment in the corporation as an economic matter. While the Committee is generally supportive of proposals to require corporate disclosure of matters that seem relevant and material to the economic interests of shareholders, the Committee is generally not supportive of proposals to require disclosure of corporate matters for other purposes. |
Information about how a Fund voted proxies relating to securities held in the Funds portfolio during the most recent 12 month period ended June 30 is available without charge (1) at www.blackrock.com and (2) on the Commissions web site at http://www.sec.gov.
G ENERAL I NFORMATION
Description of Shares
Shareholders of a Fund are entitled to one vote for each full share held and fractional votes for fractional shares held in the election of Directors and generally on other matters submitted to the vote of shareholders of the Fund. Shareholders of a class that bears distribution and/or account maintenance expenses have exclusive voting rights with respect to matters relating to such distribution and account maintenance expenditures (except that Investor B shareholders may vote upon any material changes to such expenses charged under the Investor A Distribution Plan). Voting rights are not cumulative, so that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting in the election of Directors can, if they choose to do so, elect all the Directors of a Fund, in which event the holders of the remaining shares would be unable to elect any person as a Director.
No Fund intends to hold annual meetings of shareholders in any year in which the Investment Company Act does not require shareholders to act upon any of the following matters: (i) election of Directors; (ii) approval of a management agreement; (iii) approval of a distribution agreement; and (iv) ratification of selection of independent accountants. Shares issued are fully paid and non-assessable and have no preemptive rights. Redemption and conversion rights are discussed elsewhere herein and in each Funds Prospectus. Each share of each class of Common Stock is entitled to participate equally in dividends and distributions declared by a Fund and in the net assets of the Fund upon liquidation or dissolution after satisfaction of outstanding liabilities.
For Funds organized as Maryland corporations, the by-laws of the Fund require that a special meeting of shareholders be held upon the written request of a minimum percentage of the outstanding shares of the Fund entitled to vote at such meeting, if they comply with applicable Maryland law.
Certain of the Funds are organized as Massachusetts business trusts. Under Massachusetts law, shareholders of such a trust may, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable as partners for its obligations. However, the Declaration of Trust establishing a trust, a copy of which for each applicable Fund, together with all amendments thereto (the Declaration of Trust), is on file in the office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the trust and provides for indemnification and reimbursement of expenses out of the trust property for any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the trust. The Declaration of Trust also provides that a trust may maintain appropriate insurance (for example, fidelity bond and errors and omissions insurance) for the protection of the trust, its shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees and agents covering possible tort and other liabilities. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which both inadequate insurance existed and the trust itself was unable to meet its obligations.
Certain Funds are organized as Delaware statutory trusts.
See Part I, Section IX Additional Information Description of Shares of each Funds Statement of Additional Information for additional capital stock information for your Fund.
Additional Information
Under a separate agreement, BlackRock has granted each Fund the right to use the BlackRock name and has reserved the right to (i) withdraw its consent to the use of such name by a Fund if the Fund ceases to retain BlackRock Advisors, LLC as investment adviser and (ii) to grant the use of such name to any other company.
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See Part I, Section IX Additional Information Principal Shareholders section of each Funds Statement of Additional Information for information on the holders of 5% or more of any class of shares of your Fund.
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APPENDIX A
Description Of Bond Ratings
Description of Moodys Investors Service, Inc.s (Moodys) Bond Ratings
Aaa |
Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as gilt edge. Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues. | |
Aa |
Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities. | |
A |
Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future. | |
Baa |
Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations, i.e. , they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present, but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well. | |
Ba |
Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class. | |
B |
Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small. | |
Caa |
Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest. | |
Ca |
Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings. | |
C |
Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing. |
Note: Moodys applies numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 in each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
A-1
Description of Moodys U.S. Short-Term Ratings
MIG 1/VMIG 1 |
This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing. | |
MIG 2/VMIG 2 |
This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group. | |
MIG 3/VMIG 3 |
This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established. | |
SG |
This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection. |
Description of Moodys Commercial Paper Ratings
Moodys Commercial Paper ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to repay punctually promissory obligations not having an original maturity in excess of nine months. Moodys employs the following three designations, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated issuers:
Issuers rated Prime-1 (or supporting institutions) have a superior ability for repayment of short term promissory obligations. Prime-1 repayment ability will often be evidenced by many of the following characteristics: leading market positions in well established industries; high rates of return on funds employed; conservative capitalization structures with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection; broad margins in earning coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation; and well established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity.
Issuers rated Prime-2 (or supporting institutions) have a strong ability for repayment of short term promissory obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, may be more subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.
Issuers rated Prime-3 (or supporting institutions) have an acceptable ability for repayment of short term promissory obligations. The effects of industry characteristics and market composition may be more pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability may result in changes to the level of debt protection measurements and may require relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.
Issuers rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Description of Standard & Poors, a Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (Standard & Poors), Debt Ratings
A Standard & Poors issue credit rating is a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations or a specific program. It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation.
The issue credit rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a financial obligation, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor.
The issue credit ratings are based on current information furnished by the obligors or obtained by Standard & Poors from other sources Standard & Poors considers reliable. Standard & Poors does not perform an audit in connection with any rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such information, or based on other circumstances.
A-2
The issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations:
I. Likelihood of paymentcapacity and willingness of the obligor as to the timely payment of interest and repayment of principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation;
II. Nature of and provisions of the obligation;
III. Protection afforded to, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization or other arrangement under the laws of
Long Term Issue Credit Ratings
AAA |
An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poors. Capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong. | |
AA |
An obligation rated AA differs from the highest rated issues only in small degree. The Obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong. | |
A |
An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher-rated categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong. | |
BBB |
An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. | |
BB B CCC CC C |
An obligation rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest degree of speculation. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions. | |
D |
An obligation rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poors believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. | |
c |
The c subscript is used to provide additional information to investors that the bank may terminate its obligation to purchase tendered bonds if the long term credit rating of the issuer is below an investment-grade level and/or the issuers bonds are deemed taxable. | |
p |
The letter p indicates that the rating is provisional. A provisional rating assumes the successful completion of the project financed by the debt being rated and indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely or entirely dependent upon the successful, timely completion of the project. This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to the completion of the project, makes no comment on the likelihood of or the risk of default upon failure of such completion. The investor should exercise his own judgment with respect to such likelihood and risk. | |
* |
Continuance of the ratings is contingent upon Standard & Poors receipt of an executed copy of the escrow agreement or closing documentation confirming investments and cash flows. | |
r |
This symbol is attached to the ratings of instruments with significant noncredit risks. It highlights risks to principal or volatility of expected returns which are not addressed in the credit rating. |
A-3
N.R. | This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poors does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy. |
Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from AA to CCC
Description of Standard & Poors Commercial Paper Ratings
A Standard & Poors commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of debt having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Ratings are graded into several categories, ranging from A-1 for the highest-quality obligations to D for the lowest. These categories are as follows:
A-1 |
A short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poors. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong. | |
A-2 |
A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory. | |
A-3 |
A short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. | |
B |
A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. | |
C |
A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. | |
D |
A short-term obligation rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poors believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating will also be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. | |
c |
The c subscript is used to provide additional information to investors that the bank may terminate its obligation to purchase tendered bonds if the long term credit rating of the issuer is below an investment-grade level and/or the issuers bonds are deemed taxable. | |
p |
The letter p indicates that the rating is provisional. A provisional rating assumes the successful completion of the project financed by the debt being rated and indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely or entirely dependent upon the successful, timely completion of the project. This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion of the project, makes no comment on the likelihood of or the risk of default upon failure of such completion. The investor should exercise his own judgment with respect to such likelihood and risk. | |
* |
Continuance of the ratings is contingent upon Standard & Poors receipt of an executed copy of the escrow agreement or closing. | |
r |
The r highlights derivative, hybrid, and certain other obligations that Standard & Poors believes may experience high volatility or high variability in expected returns as a result of noncredit risks. Examples |
A-4
of such obligations are securities with principal or interest return indexed to equities, commodities, or currencies; certain swaps and options, and interest-only and principal-only mortgage securities. The absence of an r symbol should not be taken as an indication that an obligation will exhibit no volatility or variability in total return. |
A commercial paper rating is not a recommendation to purchase or sell a security. The ratings are based on current information furnished to Standard & Poors by the issuer or obtained by Standard & Poors from other sources it considers reliable. The ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such information.
A Standard & Poors note rating reflects the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond three years will most likely receive a long term debt rating. The following criteria will be used in making that assessment.
Amortization schedulethe larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note.
Source of paymentthe more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.
Note rating symbols are as follows:
SP-1 |
Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation. | |
SP-2 |
Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes. | |
SP-3 |
Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest. |
Description of Fitch Ratings (Fitch) Investment Grade Bond Ratings
Fitch investment grade bond ratings provide a guide to investors in determining the credit risk associated with a particular security. The rating represents Fitchs assessment of the issuers ability to meet the obligations of a specific debt issue or class of debt in a timely manner.
The rating takes into consideration special features of the issue, its relationship to other obligations of the issuer, the current and prospective financial condition and operating performance of the issuer and any guarantor, as well as the economic and political environment that might affect the issuers future financial strength and credit quality.
Fitch ratings do not reflect any credit enhancement that may be provided by insurance policies or financial guarantees unless otherwise indicated.
Bonds carrying the same rating are of similar but not necessarily identical credit quality since the rating categories do not fully reflect small differences in the degrees of credit risk.
Fitch ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell, or hold any security. Ratings do not comment on the adequacy of market price, the suitability of any security for a particular investor, or the tax-exempt nature or taxability of payments made in respect of any security.
Fitch ratings are based on information obtained from issuers, other obligors, underwriters, their experts, and other sources Fitch believes to be reliable. Fitch does not audit or verify the truth or accuracy of such information. Ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or the unavailability of, information or for other reasons.
A-5
AAA |
Bonds considered to be investment grade and of the highest credit quality. The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and repay principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events. | |
AA |
Bonds considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality. The obligors ability to pay interest and repay principal is very strong, although not quite as strong as bonds rated AAA. Because bonds rated in the AAA and AA categories are not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable future developments, short term debt of these issuers is generally rated F-1+. | |
A |
Bonds considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The obligors ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances than bonds with higher ratings. | |
BBB |
Bonds considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory-credit quality. The obligors ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are more likely to have adverse impact on these bonds, and therefore impair timely payment. The likelihood that the ratings of these bonds will fall below investment grade is higher than for bonds with higher ratings. |
Plus (+) or Minus (-): Plus and minus signs are used with a rating symbol to indicate the relative position of a credit within the rating category. Plus and minus signs, however, are not used in the AAA category.
Description of Fitchs Speculative Grade Bond Ratings
Fitch speculative grade bond ratings provide a guide to investors in determining the credit risk associated with a particular security. The ratings (BB to C) represent Fitchs assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of principal and interest in accordance with the terms of obligation for bond issues not in default. For defaulted bonds, the rating (DDD to D) is an assessment of the ultimate recovery value through reorganization or liquidation. The rating takes into consideration special features of the issue, its relationship to other obligations of the issuer, the current and prospective financial condition and operating performance of the issuer and any guarantor, as well as the economic and political environment that might affect the issuers future financial strength.
Bonds that have the rating are of similar but not necessarily identical credit quality since rating categories cannot fully reflect the differences in degrees of credit risk.
BB |
Bonds are considered speculative. The obligors ability to pay interest and repay principal may be affected over time by adverse economic changes. However, business and financial alternatives can be identified which could assist the obligor in satisfying its debt service requirements. | |
B |
Bonds are considered highly speculative. While bonds in this class are currently meeting debt service requirements, the probability of continued timely payment of principal and interest reflects the obligors limited margin of safety and the need for reasonable business and economic activity throughout the life of the issue. | |
CCC |
Bonds have certain identifiable characteristics which, if not remedied, may lead to default. The ability to meet obligations requires an advantageous business and economic environment. | |
CC |
Bonds are minimally protected. Default in payment of interest and/or principal seems probable over time. | |
C |
Bonds are in imminent default in payment of interest or principal. |
A-6
D DD DDD |
Bonds are in default on interest and/or principal payments. Such bonds are extremely speculative and should be valued on the basis of their ultimate recovery value in liquidation or reorganization of the obligor. DDD represents the highest potential for recovery on these bonds, and D represents the lowest potential for recovery. | |
Plus (+) or Minus (-): Plus and minus signs are used with a rating symbol to indicate the relative position of a credit within the rating category. Plus and minus signs, however, are not used in the DDD, DD, or D categories. |
Description of Fitchs Short term Ratings
Fitchs short term ratings apply to debt obligations that are payable on demand or have original maturities of up to three years, including commercial paper, certificates of deposit, medium-term notes, and investment notes.
The short term rating places greater emphasis than a long term rating on the existence of liquidity necessary to meet the issuers obligations in a timely manner.
Fitch short term ratings are as follows:
F-1+ |
Exceptionally Strong Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating are regarded as having the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment. | |
F-1 |
Very Strong Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating reflect an assurance of timely payment only slightly less in degree than issues rated F-1+. | |
F-2 |
Good Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating have a satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payment, but the margin of safety is not as great as for issues assigned F-1+ and F-1 ratings. | |
F-3 |
Fair Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating have characteristics suggesting that the degree of assurance for timely payment is adequate; however, near-term adverse changes could cause these securities to be rated below investment grade. | |
F-S |
Weak Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating have characteristics suggesting a minimal degree of assurance for timely payment and are vulnerable to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions. | |
D |
Default. Issues assigned this rating are in actual or imminent payment default. | |
LOC |
The symbol LOC indicates that the rating is based on a letter of credit issued by a commercial bank. | |
NR |
Indicates that Fitch does not rate the specific issue. | |
Conditional |
A conditional rating is premised on the successful completion of a project or the occurrence of a specific event. | |
Suspended |
A rating is suspended when Fitch deems the amount of information available from the issuer to be inadequate for rating purposes. | |
Withdrawn |
A rating will be withdrawn when an issue matures or is called or refinanced and, at Fitchs discretion, when an issuer fails to furnish proper and timely information. |
A-7
FitchAlert |
Ratings are placed on FitchAlert to notify investors of an occurrence that is likely to result in a rating change and the likely direction of such change. These are designated as Positive, indicating a potential upgrade, Negative, for potential downgrade, or Evolving, where ratings may be raised or lowered. FitchAlert is relatively short term, and should be resolved within 12 months. |
Ratings Outlook: An outlook is used to describe the most likely direction of any rating change over the intermediate term. It is described as Positive or Negative. The absence of a designation indicates a stable outlook.
A-8
PART C. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 23. Exhibits.
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Exhibit
Number |
Description |
||
(b)(3) |
Form of Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement between the Registrant, a syndicate of banks and certain other parties.(l) |
||
(b)(4) |
Form of Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement between the Registrant, a syndicate of banks and certain other parties.(n) |
||
(b)(5) |
Form of Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement between the Registrant, a syndicate of banks and certain other parties.(p) |
||
(b)(6) |
Form of Sixth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement between the Registrant, a syndicate of banks and certain other parties.(r) |
||
(c) |
Form of Administrative Services Agreement between the Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company.(h) |
||
(d) |
Form of Securities Lending Agency Agreement between the Registrant and QA Advisers LLC, (now MLIM LLC) dated August 10, 2001.(k) |
||
9 |
Opinion of Brown & Wood LLP , counsel for the Registrant.(g) |
||
10 |
Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP , independent registered public accounting firm for the Registrant. |
||
11 |
None. |
||
12 |
None. |
||
13 | (a) |
Form of Investor A Distribution Plan.(s) |
|
(b) |
Form of Investor B Distribution Plan.(s) |
||
(c) |
Form of Investor C Distribution Plan.(s) |
||
(d) |
Form of Class R Distribution Plan.(s) |
||
14 |
Select Pricing System Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3.(t) |
||
15 |
Code of Ethics.(f) |
||
16 |
Power of Attorney.(o) |
(a) | Filed on April 29, 1994, as an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act) (File No. 2-56978) (the Registration Statement). |
(b) | Filed on April 28, 1995, as an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 26 to the Registration Statement. |
(c) | Filed on April 26, 1996, as an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to the Registration Statement. |
(d) | Reference is made to Article III (Sections 3, 4 and 5), Article V, Article VI (Sections 2, 3, 4 and 5), Article VII, Article VIII and Article X of the Registrants Articles of Incorporation, as amended and supplemented, filed as Exhibit 1 to the Registration Statement; and Article II, Article III (Sections 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 17), Article VI, Article VII, Article XII, Article XIII and Article XV of the Registrants By-Laws filed as Exhibit 2 to the Registration Statement. |
(e) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (b) to the Issuer Tender Offer Statement on Schedule TO of Merrill Lynch Senior Floating Rate Fund, Inc. (File No. 333-15973) filed on December 14, 2000. |
(f) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 15 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Merrill Lynch Inflation Protected Fund (File No. 333-110936) filed on January 22, 2004. |
(g) | Filed on March 31, 2000, as an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 to the Registration Statement. |
(h) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 8(d) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Merrill Lynch Focus Twenty Fund, Inc. (File No. 333-89775), filed on March 20, 2001. |
(i) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (b)(2) of the Issuer Tender Offer Statement on Schedule TO of Merrill Lynch Senior Floating Rate Fund, Inc. (File No. 333-39837), filed on December 14, 2001. |
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(j) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 7 to Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Master Large Cap Series Trust (File No. 811-09739), filed on January 30, 2002. |
(k) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 8(f) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Merrill Lynch Global Technology Fund, Inc. (File No. 811-8721), filed on July 24, 2002. |
(l) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (b)(3) of the Issuer Tender Offer Statement on Schedule TO of Merrill Lynch Senior Floating Rate Fund, Inc. (File No. 333-39837), filed on December 13, 2002. |
(m) | Filed on April 17, 2003 as an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 36 to the Registration Statement. |
(n) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 8(c)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Merrill Lynch Global Growth Fund, Inc. (File No. 333-32899), filed on December 4, 2003. |
(o) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 16 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Merrill Lynch Municipal Intermediate Term Fund of Merrill Lynch Municipal Series Trust, (File No. 33-8058 ), filed on February 24, 2006. |
(p) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 8(c)(5) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Merrill Lynch Bond Fund, Inc., (File No. 2-62329 ), filed on January 14, 2005. |
(q) | Filed on April 16, 2004 as an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 to the Registration Statement. |
(r) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 8(c)(6) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Merrill Lynch U.S. Government Fund (File No. 2-92366), filed on December 21, 2005. |
(s) | Incorporated by reference to an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Merrill Lynch Bond Fund, Inc. (File No. 2-62329), filed on September 15, 2006. |
(t) | Incorporated by reference to an Exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Merrill Lynch Bond Fund, Inc. (File No. 2-62329), filed on July 21, 2006. |
Item 24. Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant.
The Registrant does not control and is not under common control with any other person.
Item 25. Indemnification.
Reference is made to Article VI of the Registrants Articles of Incorporation, Article VI of the Registrants Amended and Restated By-Laws, Section 2-418 of the Maryland General Corporation Law and Section 9 of each Distribution Agreement.
Article VI of the By-Laws provides that each officer and director of the Registrant shall be indemnified by the Registrant to the full extent permitted under the General Laws of the State of Maryland, except that such indemnity shall not protect any such person against any liability to the Registrant or any stockholder thereof to which such person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office. Absent a court determination that an officer or director seeking indemnification was not liable on the merits or guilty of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office, the decision by the Registrant to indemnify such person must be based upon the reasonable determination of independent counsel or non-party independent directors, after review of the facts, that such officer or director is not guilty of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.
Each officer and director of the Registrant claiming indemnification within the scope of Article VI of the By-Laws shall be entitled to advances from the Registrant for payment of the reasonable expenses incurred by him in connection with proceedings to which he is a party in the manner and to the full extent permitted under the General Laws of the State of Maryland; provided, however, that the person seeking indemnification shall provide to the Registrant a written affirmation of his good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Registrant has been met and a written undertaking to repay any such advance, if it should ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct has not been met, and provided further that at least one of
C-3
the following additional conditions is met: (a) the person seeking indemnification shall provide a security in form and amount acceptable to the Registrant for his undertaking; (b) the Registrant is insured against losses arising by reason of the advance; (c) a majority of a quorum of non-party independent directors, or independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall determine, based on a review of facts readily available to the Registrant at the time the advance is proposed to be made, that there is reason to believe that the person seeking indemnification will ultimately be found to be entitled to indemnification.
The Registrant may purchase insurance on behalf of an officer or director protecting such person to the full extent permitted under the General Laws of the State of Maryland from liability arising from his activities as officer or director of the Registrant. The Registrant, however, may not purchase insurance on behalf of any officer or director of the Registrant that protects or purports to protect such person from liability to the Registrant or to its stockholders to which such officer or director would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.
The Registrant may indemnify, make advances or purchase insurance to the extent provided in Article VI of the By-Laws on behalf of an employee or agent who is not an officer or director of the Registrant.
In Section 9 of each Distribution Agreement relating to the securities being offered hereby, the Registrant agrees to indemnify the Distributor and each person, if any, who controls the Distributor within the meaning of the Securities Act, against certain types of civil liabilities in connection with the Registration Statement or the Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to Directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant and the principal underwriter pursuant to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a Director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant and the principal underwriter in connection with the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such Director, officer or controlling person or the principal underwriter in connection with the shares being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 26. Business and Other Connections of the Manager.
(a) BlackRock Advisors, LLC (currently known as BlackRock Advisors, Inc.), was organized in 1994 for the purpose of providing advisory services to investment companies. The information required by this Item 26 about officers and directors of BlackRock Advisors, Inc., together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A and D of Form ADV, filed by BlackRock Advisors, Inc. pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (SEC File No. 801-47710).
(b) BlackRock Investment Management, LLC (currently known as Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, LLC (MLIM LLC)), will be a subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc. MLIM LLC currently offers investment advisory services to institutional investors such as pension and profit-sharing plans or trusts, insurance companies and banks. The information required by this Item 26 about officers and directors of MLIM LLC, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Schedules A and D of Form ADV, filed by MLIM LLC pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (SEC File No. 801-56972).
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Item 27. Principal Underwriters.
(a) FAM Distributors, Inc. (FAMD) acts as the principal underwriter for each of the following open-end registered investment companies including the Registrant: FDP Series, Inc., Financial Institutions Series Trust, Managed Account Series, Mercury Basic Value Fund, Inc., Mercury Funds II, Merrill Lynch Balanced Capital Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Basic Value Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Bond Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch California Municipal Series Trust, Merrill Lynch Developing Capital Markets Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Equity Dividend Fund, Merrill Lynch EuroFund, Merrill Lynch Focus Twenty Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Focus Value Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Fundamental Growth Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Funds for Institutions Series, Merrill Lynch Global Allocation Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Global Equity Opportunities Fund, Merrill Lynch Global Financial Services Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Global Growth Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Global SmallCap Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Global Technology Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Global Value Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Healthcare Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Index Funds, Inc., Merrill Lynch Inflation Protected Fund, Merrill Lynch International Fund of Mercury Funds, Inc., Merrill Lynch Latin America Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Large Cap Series Funds, Inc., Merrill Lynch Multi-State Municipal Series Trust, Merrill Lynch Municipal Bond Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Municipal Series Trust, Merrill Lynch Natural Resources Trust, Merrill Lynch Pacific Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Principal Protected Trust, Merrill Lynch Ready Assets Trust, Merrill Lynch Real Investment Fund, Merrill Lynch Retirement Series Trust, FAM Series Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Short Term U.S. Government Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch Value Opportunities Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch U.S. Government Fund, Merrill Lynch U.S. High Yield Fund, Inc., Merrill Lynch U.S. Treasury Money Fund, Merrill Lynch U.S.A. Government Reserves, Merrill Lynch Utilities and Telecommunications Fund, Inc., FAM Variable Series Funds, Inc., Merrill Lynch World Income Fund, Inc. and The Asset Program, Inc. FAMD also acts as the principal underwriter for the following closed-end registered investment companies: Merrill Lynch Senior Floating Rate Fund, Inc. and Merrill Lynch Senior Floating Rate Fund II, Inc.
Effective September 29, 2006, many of the funds listed above will undergo a name change to replace Merrill Lynch in the fund name with BlackRock.
BlackRock Distributors, Inc. (BDI) currently acts as distributor for BlackRock Funds and BlackRock Bond Allocation Target Shares.
(b) Set forth below is information concerning each director and officer of FAMD. The principal business address of each such person is P.O. Box 9081, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-9081.
Name |
Position(s) and
Office(s)
|
Position(s) and Office(s)
|
||
Frank Porcelli |
President and Director | None | ||
Thomas J. Verage |
Director | None | ||
Donald C. Burke |
Vice President | Vice President and Treasurer | ||
Stephen W. Mandella |
Treasurer | None | ||
Daniel Dart |
Director | None | ||
Alice A. Pellegrino |
Secretary | Secretary |
C-5
The principal business address of each director, officer or partner of BDI is 760 Moore Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406. No individual listed in the chart below is an officer or employee of the Registrant.
Name |
Position With BDI |
|
Rita Adler |
Chief Compliance Officer | |
Douglas Castagna |
Controller and Assistant Treasurer | |
Brian Burns |
Director, Chairman, CEO and President | |
Bruno DiStefano |
Vice President | |
Susan Moscaritolo |
Vice President | |
Christine Ritch |
Chief Legal Officer, Assistant Secretary and Assistant Clerk |
|
Bradley Stearns |
Assistant Secretary and Assistant Clerk | |
Nicholas Marsini |
Director | |
Craig Stokarski |
Treasurer and Financial and Operations Principal | |
Steven Sunnerberg |
Secretary | |
Michael DeNofrio |
Director | |
John Wilson |
Assistant Secretary and Assistant Clerk | |
Jason Greim |
Assistant Vice President | |
Kristen Nolan |
Assistant Secretary and Assistant Clerk |
(c) Not
Item 28. Location of Accounts and Records.
All accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules thereunder are maintained at the offices of:
(a) | Registrant, 800 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, New Jersey 08536. |
(b) | BlackRock Distributors, Inc., 760 Moore Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406 (records relating to its functions as distributor). |
(c) | FAM Distributors, Inc., 800 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, New Jersey 08536 (records relating to its functions as distributor). |
(d) | BlackRock Advisors, LLC, 100 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, Delaware 19809 (records relating to its functions as manager). |
(e) | BlackRock Investment Management, LLC, 800 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, New Jersey 08536 (records relating to its functions as sub-adviser). |
(f) | PFPC, Inc., 301 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, Delaware 19809 (records relating to its functions as transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent). |
Item 29. Management Services.
Other than as set forth under the caption Management of the FundBlackRock Advisors, LLC in the Prospectus constituting Part A of the Registration Statement and under Part I Management and Advisory Arrangements and Part II Management and Other Service Arrangements in the Statement of Additional Information constituting Part B of the Registration Statement for the Registrant, the Registrant is not a party to any management-related service contract.
Item 30. Undertakings.
Not applicable.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant certifies that it meets all the requirements for the effectiveness of this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Township of Plainsboro, and the State of New Jersey, on September 26, 2006.
M ERRILL L YNCH P ACIFIC F UND , I NC . (Registrant) |
||
By: | / S / D ONALD C. B URKE | |
(Donald C. Burke,
Vice President and Treasurer) |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature |
Title |
Date |
||
R OBERT C. D OLL , J R .* (Robert C. Doll, Jr.) |
President (Principal Executive Officer) and Director |
|||
D ONALD C. B URKE * (Donald C. Burke) |
Vice President and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
|||
R ONALD W. F ORBES * (Ronald W. Forbes) |
Director |
|||
C YNTHIA A. M ONTGOMERY * (Cynthia A. Montgomery) |
Director |
|||
J EAN M ARGO R EID * (Jean Margo Reid) |
Director |
|||
R OSCOE S. S UDDARTH * (Roscoe S. Suddarth) |
Director |
|||
R ICHARD R. W EST * (Richard R. West) |
Director |
|||
E DWARD D. Z INBARG * (Edward D. Zinbarg) |
Director |
*By: |
/ S / D ONALD C. B URKE (Donald C. Burke, Attorney-In-Fact) |
September 26, 2006 |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
Number |
Description |
|
1(l) |
Form of Articles of Amendment Reclassifying Shares of Authorized Stock. |
|
(m) |
Form of Articles of Amendment changing the name of the Registrant to BlackRock Pacific Fund, Inc. |
|
4(a) |
Form of Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant and the Manager. |
|
(b) |
Form of Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement between the Manager and BlackRock Investment Management, LLC. |
|
10 |
Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP , independent registered public accounting firm for the Registrant. |
MERRILL LYNCH PACIFIC FUND, INC.
ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT
MERRILL LYNCH PACIFIC FUND, INC., a Maryland corporation (the Corporation), does hereby certify to the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland that:
FIRST: The Corporation desires to amend its charter as currently in effect. As of immediately before the amendment to the Corporations charter described below, the shares of common stock of the Corporation, par value $.10 per share (the Common Stock), are divided into classes having the following designations: Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock, Class C Common Stock, Class I Common Stock and Class R Common Stock.
SECOND: Pursuant to Section 2-605 of the Maryland General Corporation Law, the charter of the Corporation is hereby amended as follows:
(i) The Class A Common Stock is hereby redesignated Investor A Common Stock. The Investor A Common Stock shall retain the same preferences, conversions and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications, and terms and conditions of redemption of the former Class A Common Stock;
(ii) The Class B Common Stock is hereby redesignated Investor B Common Stock. The Investor B Common Stock shall retain the same preferences, conversions and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications, and terms and conditions of redemption of the former Class B Common Stock;
(iii) The Class C Common Stock is hereby redesignated Investor C Common Stock. The Investor C Common Stock shall retain the same preferences, conversions and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications, and terms and conditions of redemption of the former Class C Common Stock;
(iv) The Class I Common Stock is hereby redesignated Institutional Common Stock. The Institutional Common Stock shall retain the same preferences, conversions and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications, and terms and conditions of redemption of the former Class I Common Stock;
THIRD: These Articles of Amendment have been approved by a majority of the entire Board of Directors of the Corporation and are limited to a change expressly authorized by Section 2-605 of the Maryland General Corporation Law and are therefore made without action by the stockholders.
FOURTH: The authorized capital stock of the Corporation has not been increased by these Articles of Amendment.
FIFTH: As amended hereby, the Corporations charter shall remain in full force and effect.
SIXTH: These Articles of Amendment shall be effective as of the 29th day of September, 2006.
2
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, MERRILL LYNCH PACIFIC FUND, INC. has caused these presents to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its Vice President and witnessed by its Secretary as of the day of September, 2006.
MERRILL LYNCH PACIFIC | ||
FUND, INC. | ||
By: |
|
|
Donald C. Burke, Vice President |
Witness:
|
Alice A. Pellegrino, Secretary |
THE UNDERSIGNED, Vice President of the Corporation, who executed on behalf of the Corporation the foregoing Articles of Amendment of which this certificate is made a part, hereby acknowledges in the name and on behalf of the Corporation the foregoing Articles of Amendment to be the corporate act of the Corporation and further certifies, as to all of the matters and facts required to be verified under oath, that to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, the matters and facts set forth herein are true in all material respects, under the penalties of perjury.
|
Donald C. Burke, Vice President |
3
MERRILL LYNCH PACIFIC FUND, INC.
ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT
MERRILL LYNCH PACIFIC FUND, INC., a Maryland corporation (the Corporation), does hereby certify to the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland that:
FIRST: The name of the corporation is MERRILL LYNCH PACIFIC FUND, INC.
SECOND: The charter of the Corporation is hereby amended by deleting Article II thereof in its entirety and inserting the following in lieu thereof:
ARTICLE II
NAME
The name of the Corporation is
BLACKROCK PACIFIC FUND, INC.
THIRD: These Articles of Amendment have been approved by a majority of the entire Board of Directors of the Corporation and are limited to a change expressly authorized by Section 2-605 of the Maryland General Corporation Law and are therefore made without action by the stockholders.
FOURTH: The authorized capital stock of the Corporation has not been increased by these Articles of Amendment.
FIFTH: As amended hereby, the Corporations charter shall remain in full force and effect.
SIXTH: These Articles of Amendment shall be effective as of the 29 th day of September, 2006.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, MERRILL LYNCH PACIFIC FUND, INC. has caused these presents to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its Vice President and witnessed by its Secretary as of the day of September, 2006.
MERRILL LYNCH PACIFIC FUND, INC. | ||
By: |
|
|
Donald C. Burke, Vice President |
Witness:
|
Alice A. Pellegrino, Secretary |
THE UNDERSIGNED, Vice President of the Corporation, who executed on behalf of the Corporation the foregoing Articles of Amendment of which this certificate is made a part, hereby acknowledges in the name and on behalf of the Corporation the foregoing Articles of Amendment to be the corporate act of the Corporation and further certifies, as to all of the matters and facts required to be verified under oath, that to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, the matters and facts set forth herein are true in all material respects, under the penalties of perjury.
|
Donald C. Burke, Vice President |
2
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT
AGREEMENT, dated September 29, 2006, between BlackRock Pacific Fund, Inc. (the Fund), a Maryland corporation, and BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the Advisor), a Delaware limited liability company.
WHEREAS, the Advisor has agreed to furnish investment advisory services to the Fund, an open-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act); and
WHEREAS, this Agreement has been approved in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, and the Advisor is willing to furnish such services upon the terms and conditions herein set forth;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual premises and covenants herein contained and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, it is agreed by and between the parties hereto as follows:
1. In General . The Advisor agrees, all as more fully set forth herein, to act as investment advisor to the Fund with respect to the investment of the Funds assets and to supervise and arrange for the day to day operations of the Fund and the purchase of securities for and the sale of securities held in the investment portfolio of the Fund.
2. Duties and Obligations of the Advisor with Respect to Investment of Assets of the Fund . Subject to the succeeding provisions of this section and subject to the direction and control of the Funds board of directors (the Board of Directors or Directors), the Advisor shall (i) act as investment advisor for and supervise and manage the investment and reinvestment of the Funds assets and in connection therewith have complete discretion in purchasing and selling securities and other assets for the Fund and in voting, exercising consents and exercising all other rights appertaining to such securities and other assets on behalf of the Fund; (ii) supervise continuously the investment program of the Fund and the composition of its investment portfolio; (iii) arrange, subject to the provisions of paragraph 4 hereof, for the purchase and sale of securities and other assets held in the investment portfolio of the Fund; and (iv) provide investment research to the Fund.
3. Duties and Obligations of Advisor with Respect to the Administration of the Fund . The Advisor also agrees to furnish office facilities and equipment and clerical, bookkeeping and administrative services (other than such services, if any, provided by the Funds custodian, transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent (the Custodian, Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent, respectively) and other service providers) for the Fund. To the extent requested by the Fund, the Advisor agrees to provide the following administrative services:
(a) Oversee the determination and publication of the Funds net asset value in accordance with the Funds policy as adopted from time to time by the Board of Directors;
(b) Oversee the maintenance by the Funds Custodian and Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent of certain books and records of the Fund as required under Rule 31a1(b)(4) of the 1940 Act and maintain (or oversee maintenance by such other persons as approved by the Board of Directors) such other books and records required by law or for the proper operation of the Fund;
(c) Oversee the preparation and filing of the Funds federal, state and local income tax returns and any other required tax returns;
(d) Review the appropriateness of and arrange for payment of the Funds expenses;
(e) Prepare for review and approval by officers of the Fund financial information for the Funds semiannual and annual reports, proxy statements and other communications with shareholders required or otherwise to be sent to Fund shareholders, and arrange for the printing and dissemination of such reports and communications to shareholders;
(f) Prepare for review by an officer of the Fund the Funds periodic financial reports required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form N-SAR, Form N-CSR, Form N-PX, Form N-Q, and such other reports, forms and filings, as may be mutually agreed upon;
(g) Prepare such reports relating to the business and affairs of the Fund as may be mutually agreed upon and not otherwise appropriately prepared by the Funds Custodian, counsel or auditors;
(h) Make such reports and recommendations to the Board of Directors concerning the performance of the independent accountants as the Board of Directors may reasonably request or deems appropriate;
(i) Make such reports and recommendations to the Board of Directors concerning the performance and fees of the Funds Custodian and Transfer and Dividend Disbursing Agent as the Board of Directors may reasonably request or deems appropriate;
(j) Oversee and review calculations of fees paid to the Funds service providers;
(k) Oversee the Funds portfolio and perform necessary calculations as required under Section 18 of the 1940 Act;
(l) Consult with the Funds officers, independent accountants, legal counsel, Custodian, accounting agent and Transfer and Dividend Disbursing Agent in establishing the accounting policies of the Fund and monitor financial and shareholder accounting services;
(m) Determine the amounts available for distribution as dividends and distributions to be paid by the Fund to its shareholders; prepare and arrange for the printing of dividend notices to shareholders; and provide the Funds Dividend Disbursing Agent and Custodian with such information as is required for such parties to effect the payment of dividends and distributions and to implement the Funds dividend reinvestment plan;
(n) Prepare such information and reports as may be required by any banks from which the Fund borrows funds;
(o) Provide such assistance to the Custodian and the Funds counsel and auditors as generally may be required to properly carry on the business and operations of the Fund;
(p) Respond to or refer to the Funds officers or Transfer Agent, shareholder (including any potential shareholder) inquiries relating to the Fund;
(q) Supervise any other aspects of the Funds administration as may be agreed to by the Fund and the Advisor; and
All services are to be furnished through the medium of any directors, officers or employees of the Advisor or its affiliates as the Advisor deems appropriate in order to fulfill its obligations hereunder.
The Fund will reimburse the Advisor or its affiliates for all out of pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with the performance of the administrative services described in this paragraph 3. The Fund will reimburse the Advisor and its affiliates for their costs in providing accounting services to the Fund.
4. Covenants . (a) In the performance of its duties under this Agreement, the Advisor shall at all times conform to, and act in accordance with, any requirements imposed by: (i) the provisions of the 1940 Act and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and all applicable Rules and Regulations of the SEC; (ii) any other applicable provision of law; (iii) the provisions of the Charter and By Laws of the Fund, as such documents are
2
amended from time to time; (iv) the investment objectives and policies of the Fund as set forth in its Registration Statement on Form N-1A and/or the resolutions of the Board of Directors; and (v) any policies and determinations of the Board of Directors of the Fund and
(b) In addition, the Advisor will:
(i) place orders either directly with the issuer or with any broker or dealer. Subject to the other provisions of this paragraph, in placing orders with brokers and dealers, the Advisor will attempt to obtain the best price and the most favorable execution of its orders. In placing orders, the Advisor will consider the experience and skill of the firms securities traders as well as the firms financial responsibility and administrative efficiency. Consistent with this obligation, the Advisor may select brokers on the basis of the research, statistical and pricing services they provide to the Fund and other clients of the Advisor. Information and research received from such brokers will be in addition to, and not in lieu of, the services required to be performed by the Advisor hereunder. A commission paid to such brokers may be higher than that which another qualified broker would have charged for effecting the same transaction, provided that the Advisor determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in terms either of the transaction or the overall responsibility of the Advisor to the Fund and its other clients and that the total commissions paid by the Fund will be reasonable in relation to the benefits to the Fund over the long term. Subject to the foregoing and the provisions of the 1940 Act, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and other applicable provisions of law, the Advisor may select brokers and dealers with which it or the Fund is affiliated;
(ii) maintain a policy and practice of conducting its investment advisory services hereunder independently of the commercial banking operations of its affiliates. When the Advisor makes investment recommendations for the Fund, its investment advisory personnel will not inquire or take into consideration whether the issuer of securities proposed for purchase or sale for the Funds account are customers of the commercial department of its affiliates; and
(iii) treat confidentially and as proprietary information of the Fund all records and other information relative to the Fund, and the Funds prior, current or potential shareholders, and will not use such records and information for any purpose other than performance of its responsibilities and duties hereunder, except after prior notification to and approval in writing by the Fund, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld and may not be withheld where the Advisor may be exposed to civil or criminal contempt proceedings for failure to comply, when requested to divulge such information by duly constituted authorities, or when so requested by the Fund.
5. Services Not Exclusive . Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent the Advisor or any officer, employee or other affiliate thereof from acting as investment advisor for any other person, firm or corporation, or from engaging in any other lawful activity, and shall not in any way limit or restrict the Advisor or any of its officers, employees or agents from buying, selling or trading any securities for its or their own accounts or for the accounts of others for whom it or they may be acting; provided, however, that the Advisor will undertake no activities which, in its judgment, will adversely affect the performance of its obligations under this Agreement.
6. Sub-Advisors . The Advisor may from time to time, in its sole discretion to the extent permitted by applicable law, appoint one or more sub-advisors, including, without limitation, affiliates of the Advisor, to perform investment advisory services with respect to the Fund. The Advisor may terminate any or all sub-advisors in its sole discretion at any time to the extent permitted by applicable law.
7. Books and Records . In compliance with the requirements of Rule 31a-3 under the 1940 Act, the Advisor hereby agrees that all records which it maintains for the Fund are the property of the Fund and further agrees to surrender promptly to the Fund any such records upon the Funds request. The Advisor further agrees to preserve for the periods prescribed by Rule 31a-2 under the 1940 Act the records required to be maintained by Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act.
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8. Expenses . During the term of this Agreement, the Advisor will bear all costs and expenses of its employees and any overhead incurred in connection with its duties hereunder and shall bear the costs of any salaries or Directors fees of any officers or Directors of the Fund who are affiliated persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Advisor; provided that the Board of Directors of the Fund may approve reimbursement to the Advisor of the pro rata portion of the salaries, bonuses, health insurance, retirement benefits and all similar employment costs for the time spent on Fund operations, (including, without limitation, compliance matters) (other than the provision of investment advice and administrative services required to be provided hereunder) of all personnel employed by the Advisor who devote substantial time to Fund operations or the operations of other investment companies advised by the Advisor.
9. Compensation of the Advisor . (a) The Fund agrees to pay to the Advisor and the Advisor agrees to accept as full compensation for all services rendered by the Advisor as such, a monthly fee (the Investment Advisory Fee) in arrears at an annual rate equal to the amount set forth in Schedule A hereto of the average daily value of the Funds Net Assets. Net Assets means the total assets of the Fund minus the sum of the accrued liabilities. For any period less than a month during which this Agreement is in effect, the fee shall be prorated according to the proportion which such period bears to a full month of 28, 29, 30 or 31 days, as the case may be.
(b) For purposes of this Agreement, the net assets of the Fund shall be calculated pursuant to the procedures adopted by resolutions of the Directors of the Fund for calculating the value of the Funds assets or delegating such calculations to third parties.
10. Indemnity . (a) The Fund may, in the discretion of the Board of Directors of the Fund, indemnify the Advisor, and each of the Advisors directors, officers, employees, agents, associates and controlling persons and the directors, partners, members, officers, employees and agents thereof (including any individual who serves at the Advisors request as director, officer, partner, member, trustee or the like of another entity) (each such person being an Indemnitee) against any liabilities and expenses, including amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and counsel fees (all as provided in accordance with applicable state law) reasonably incurred by such Indemnitee in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or investigative body in which such Indemnitee may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such Indemnitee may be or may have been threatened, while acting in any capacity set forth herein or thereafter by reason of such Indemnitee having acted in any such capacity, except with respect to any matter as to which such Indemnitee shall have been adjudicated not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Indemnitees action was in the best interest of the Fund and furthermore, in the case of any criminal proceeding, so long as such Indemnitee had no reasonable cause to believe that the conduct was unlawful; provided, however, that (1) no Indemnitee shall be indemnified hereunder against any liability to the Fund or its shareholders or any expense of such Indemnitee arising by reason of (i) willful misfeasance, (ii) bad faith, (iii) gross negligence or (iv) reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Indemnitees position (the conduct referred to in such clauses (i) through (iv) being sometimes referred to herein as disabling conduct), (2) as to any matter disposed of by settlement or a compromise payment by such Indemnitee, pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise, no indemnification either for said payment or for any other expenses shall be provided unless there has been a determination that such settlement or compromise is in the best interests of the Fund and that such Indemnitee appears to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Indemnitees action was in the best interest of the Fund and did not involve disabling conduct by such Indemnitee and (3) with respect to any action, suit or other proceeding voluntarily prosecuted by any Indemnitee as plaintiff, indemnification shall be mandatory only if the prosecution of such action, suit or other proceeding by such Indemnitee was authorized by a majority of the full Board of Directors of the Fund.
(b) The Fund may make advance payments in connection with the expenses of defending any action with respect to which indemnification might be sought hereunder if the Fund receives a written affirmation of the Indemnitees good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification has been met and a written undertaking to reimburse the Fund unless it is subsequently determined that such Indemnitee is entitled to such indemnification and if the Directors of the Fund determine that the facts then known to them would not preclude indemnification. In addition, at least one of the following conditions must be met: (A) the Indemnitee shall provide security for such Indemnitee undertaking, (B) the Fund shall be insured against losses arising by reason of any unlawful advance, or (C) a majority of a quorum consisting of Directors of the Fund who are neither interested persons of the Fund (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) nor parties to the proceeding
4
(Disinterested Non Party Directors) or an independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall determine, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry), that there is reason to believe that the Indemnitee ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.
(c) All determinations with respect to the standards for indemnification hereunder shall be made (1) by a final decision on the merits by a court or other body before whom the proceeding was brought that such Indemnitee is not liable or is not liable by reason of disabling conduct, or (2) in the absence of such a decision, by (i) a majority vote of a quorum of the Disinterested Non Party Directors of the Fund, or (ii) if such a quorum is not obtainable or, even if obtainable, if a majority vote of such quorum so directs, independent legal counsel in a written opinion. All determinations that advance payments in connection with the expense of defending any proceeding shall be authorized and shall be made in accordance with the immediately preceding clause (2) above.
The rights accruing to any Indemnitee under these provisions shall not exclude any other right to which such Indemnitee may be lawfully entitled.
11. Limitation on Liability . The Advisor will not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Advisor or by the Fund in connection with the performance of this Agreement, except a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation for services or a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its duties under this Agreement. As used in this Section 11, the term Advisor shall include any affiliates of the Advisor performing services for the Fund contemplated hereby and partners, directors, officers and employees of the Advisor and of such affiliates.
12. Duration and Termination . This Agreement shall become effective as of the date hereof and, unless sooner terminated with respect to the Fund as provided herein, shall continue in effect for a period of two years. Thereafter, if not terminated, this Agreement shall continue in effect with respect to the Fund for successive periods of 12 months, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by both (a) the vote of a majority of the Funds Board of Directors or the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund at the time outstanding and entitled to vote, and (b) by the vote of a majority of the Directors who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of any party to this Agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may be terminated by the Fund at any time, without the payment of any penalty, upon giving the Advisor 60 days notice (which notice may be waived by the Advisor), provided that such termination by the Fund shall be directed or approved by the vote of a majority of the Directors of the Fund in office at the time or by the vote of the holders of a majority of the voting securities of the Fund at the time outstanding and entitled to vote, or by the Advisor on 60 days written notice (which notice may be waived by the Fund). This Agreement will also immediately terminate in the event of its assignment. (As used in this Agreement, the terms majority of the outstanding voting securities, interested person and assignment shall have the same meanings of such terms in the 1940 Act.)
13. Notices . Any notice under this Agreement shall be in writing to the other party at such address as the other party may designate from time to time for the receipt of such notice and shall be deemed to be received on the earlier of the date actually received or on the fourth day after the postmark if such notice is mailed first class postage prepaid.
14. Amendment of this Agreement . This Agreement may be amended by the parties only if such amendment is specifically approved by the vote of the Board of Directors of the Fund, including a majority of those Directors who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of any such party cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval and, where required by the 1940 Act, by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
15. Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York for contracts to be performed entirely therein without reference to choice of law principles thereof and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act. To the extent that the applicable laws of the State of New York, or any of the provisions, conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control.
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16. Use of the Name BlackRock . The Advisor has consented to the use by the Fund of the name or identifying word BlackRock in the name of the Fund. Such consent is conditioned upon the employment of the Advisor as the investment advisor to the Fund. The name or identifying word BlackRock may be used from time to time in other connections and for other purposes by the Advisor and any of its affiliates. The Advisor may require the Fund to cease using BlackRock in the name of the Fund if the Fund ceases to employ, for any reason, the Advisor, any successor thereto or any affiliate thereof as investment advisor of the Fund.
17. Miscellaneous . The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define or delimit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby. This Agreement shall be binding on, and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors.
18. Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts by the parties hereto, each of which shall constitute an original counterpart, and all of which, together, shall constitute one Agreement.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused the foregoing instrument to be executed by their duly authorized officers, all as of the day and the year first above written.
BLACKROCK PACIFIC FUND, INC. | ||
By: |
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Name: | ||
Title: | ||
BLACKROCK ADVISORS, LLC | ||
By: |
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|
Name: | ||
Title: |
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Schedule A
Investment Advisory Fee
0.60% of the average daily Net Assets of the Fund.
8
SUB-INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT
AGREEMENT dated September 29, 2006, between BlackRock Advisors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Advisor), and BlackRock Investment Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Sub-Advisor).
WHEREAS, the Advisor has agreed to furnish investment advisory services to BlackRock Pacific Fund, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the Fund), an open-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act);
WHEREAS, the Advisor wishes to retain the Sub-Advisor to provide it with certain sub-advisory services as described below in connection with Advisors advisory activities on behalf of the Fund;
WHEREAS, the advisory agreement between the Advisor and the Fund, dated September 29, 2006 (such agreement or the most recent successor agreement between such parties relating to advisory services to the Fund is referred to herein as the Advisory Agreement) contemplates that the Advisor may sub-contract investment advisory services with respect to the Fund to a sub-advisor pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement agreeable to the Fund and approved in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act; and
WHEREAS, this Agreement has been approved in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, and the Sub-Advisor is willing to furnish such services upon the terms and conditions herein set forth;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual premises and covenants herein contained and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, it is agreed by and between the parties hereto as follows:
1. Appointment . The Advisor hereby appoints the Sub-Advisor to act as sub-advisor with respect to the Fund and the Sub-Advisor accepts such appointment and agrees to render the services herein set forth for the compensation herein provided.
2. Services of the Sub-Advisor . Subject to the succeeding provisions of this section, the oversight and supervision of the Advisor and the direction and control of the Funds board of directors (the Board of Directors or Directors), the Sub-Advisor will perform certain of the day-to-day operations of the Fund, which may include one or more of the following services, at the request of the Advisor: (a) acting as investment advisor for and managing the investment and reinvestment of those assets of the Fund as the Advisor may from time to time request and in connection therewith have complete discretion in purchasing and selling such securities and other assets for the Fund and in
voting, exercising consents and exercising all other rights appertaining to such securities and other assets on behalf of the Fund; (b) arranging, subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 hereof, for the purchase and sale of securities and other assets of the Fund; (c) providing investment research and credit analysis concerning the Funds investments, (d) assist the Advisor in determining what portion of the Funds assets will be invested in cash, cash equivalents and money market instruments, (e) placing orders for all purchases and sales of such investments made for the Fund, and (f) maintaining the books and records as are required to support Fund investment operations. At the request of the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor will also, subject to the oversight and supervision of the Advisor and the direction and control of the Funds Board of Directors, provide to the Advisor or the Fund any of the facilities and equipment and perform any of the services described in Section 3 of the Advisory Agreement. In addition, the Sub-Advisor will keep the Fund and the Advisor informed of developments materially affecting the Fund and shall, on its own initiative, furnish to the Fund from time to time whatever information the Sub-Advisor believes appropriate for this purpose. The Sub-Advisor will periodically communicate to the Advisor, at such times as the Advisor may direct, information concerning the purchase and sale of securities for the Fund, including: (a) the name of the issuer, (b) the amount of the purchase or sale, (c) the name of the broker or dealer, if any, through which the purchase or sale is effected, (d) the CUSIP number of the instrument, if any, and (e) such other information as the Advisor may reasonably require for purposes of fulfilling its obligations to the Fund under the Advisory Agreement. The Sub-Advisor will provide the services rendered by it under this Agreement in accordance with the Funds investment objectives, policies and restrictions (as currently in effect and as they may be amended or supplemented from time to time) as stated in the Funds Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information and the resolutions of the Funds Board of Directors.
3. Covenants . (a) In the performance of its duties under this Agreement, the Sub-Advisor shall at all times conform to, and act in accordance with, any requirements imposed by: (i) the provisions of the 1940 Act and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act) and all applicable Rules and Regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC); (ii) any other applicable provision of law; (iii) the provisions of the Charter and By-Laws of the Fund, as such documents are amended from time to time; (iv) the investment objectives and policies of the Fund as set forth in the Funds Registration Statement on Form N - 1A and/or the resolutions of the Board of Directors; and (v) any policies and determinations of the Board of Directors of the Fund and
(b) In addition, the Sub-Advisor will:
(i) place orders either directly with the issuer or with any broker or dealer. Subject to the other provisions of this paragraph, in placing orders with brokers and dealers, the Sub-Advisor will attempt to obtain the best
2
price and the most favorable execution of its orders. In placing orders, the Sub-Advisor will consider the experience and skill of the firms securities traders as well as the firms financial responsibility and administrative efficiency. Consistent with this obligation, the Sub-Advisor may select brokers on the basis of the research, statistical and pricing services they provide to the Fund and other clients of the Advisor or the Sub-Advisor. Information and research received from such brokers will be in addition to, and not in lieu of, the services required to be performed by the Sub-Advisor hereunder. A commission paid to such brokers may be higher than that which another qualified broker would have charged for effecting the same transaction, provided that the Sub-Advisor determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in terms either of the transaction or the overall responsibility of the Advisor and the Sub-Advisor to the Fund and their other clients and that the total commissions paid by the Fund will be reasonable in relation to the benefits to the Fund over the long-term. Subject to the foregoing and the provisions of the 1940 Act, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and other applicable provisions of law, the Advisor may select brokers and dealers with which it or the Fund is affiliated;
(ii) maintain books and records with respect to the Funds securities transactions and will render to the Advisor and the Funds Board of Directors such periodic and special reports as they may request;
(iii) maintain a policy and practice of conducting its investment advisory services hereunder independently of the commercial banking operations of its affiliates. When the Sub-Advisor makes investment recommendations for the Fund, its investment advisory personnel will not inquire or take into consideration whether the issuer of securities proposed for purchase or sale for the Funds account are customers of the commercial department of its affiliates; and
(iv) treat confidentially and as proprietary information of the Fund all records and other information relative to the Fund, and the Funds prior, current or potential shareholders, and will not use such records and information for any purpose other than performance of its responsibilities and duties hereunder, except after prior notification to and approval in writing by the Fund, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld and may not be withheld where the Sub-Advisor may be exposed to civil or criminal contempt proceedings for failure to comply, when requested to divulge such information by duly constituted authorities, or when so requested by the Fund.
4. Services Not Exclusive . Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent the Sub-Advisor or any officer, employee or other affiliate thereof from acting as investment advisor for any other person, firm or corporation, or from engaging in any other lawful activity, and shall not in any way limit or restrict the Sub-Advisor or any of its officers,
3
employees or agents from buying, selling or trading any securities for its or their own accounts or for the accounts of others for whom it or they may be acting; provided, however, that the Sub-Advisor will undertake no activities which, in its judgment, will adversely affect the performance of its obligations under this Agreement.
5. Books and Records . In compliance with the requirements of Rule 31a-3 under the 1940 Act, the Sub-Advisor hereby agrees that all records which it maintains for the Fund are the property of the Fund and further agrees to surrender promptly to the Fund any such records upon the Funds request. The Sub-Advisor further agrees to preserve for the periods prescribed by Rule 31a-2 under the 1940 Act the records required to be maintained by Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act (to the extent such books and records are not maintained by the Advisor).
6. Expenses . During the term of this Agreement, the Sub-Advisor will bear all costs and expenses of its employees and any overhead incurred by the Sub-Advisor in connection with its duties hereunder; provided that the Board of Directors of the Fund may approve reimbursement to the Sub-Advisor of the pro-rata portion of the salaries, bonuses, health insurance, retirement benefits and all similar employment costs for the time spent on Fund operations (including, without limitation, compliance matters) (other than the provision of investment advice and administrative services required to be provided hereunder) of all personnel employed by the Sub-Advisor who devote substantial time to Fund operations or the operations of other investment companies advised or sub-advised by the Sub-Advisor.
7. Compensation .
(a) The Advisor agrees to pay to the Sub-Advisor and the Sub-Advisor agrees to accept as full compensation for all services rendered by the Sub-Advisor as such, a monthly fee in arrears at an annual rate equal to the amount set forth in Schedule A hereto. For any period less than a month during which this Agreement is in effect, the fee shall be prorated according to the proportion which such period bears to a full month of 28, 29, 30 or 31 days, as the case may be.
(b) For purposes of this Agreement, the net assets of the Fund shall be calculated pursuant to the procedures adopted by resolutions of the Directors of the Fund for calculating the value of the Funds assets or delegating such calculations to third parties.
8. Indemnity .
(a) The Fund may, in the discretion of the Board of Directors of the Fund, indemnify the Sub-Advisor, and each of the Sub-Advisors directors, officers, employees, agents, associates and controlling persons and the directors, partners,
4
members, officers, employees and agents thereof (including any individual who serves at the Sub-Advisors request as director, officer, partner, member, trustee or the like of another entity) (each such person being an Indemnitee) against any liabilities and expenses, including amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and counsel fees (all as provided in accordance with applicable state law) reasonably incurred by such Indemnitee in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or investigative body in which such Indemnitee may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such Indemnitee may be or may have been threatened, while acting in any capacity set forth herein or thereafter by reason of such Indemnitee having acted in any such capacity, except with respect to any matter as to which such Indemnitee shall have been adjudicated not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Indemnitees action was in the best interest of the Fund and furthermore, in the case of any criminal proceeding, so long as such Indemnitee had no reasonable cause to believe that the conduct was unlawful; provided, however, that (1) no Indemnitee shall be indemnified hereunder against any liability to the Fund or its shareholders or any expense of such Indemnitee arising by reason of (i) willful misfeasance, (ii) bad faith, (iii) gross negligence or (iv) reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Indemnitees position (the conduct referred to in such clauses (i) through (iv) being sometimes referred to herein as disabling conduct), (2) as to any matter disposed of by settlement or a compromise payment by such Indemnitee, pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise, no indemnification either for said payment or for any other expenses shall be provided unless there has been a determination that such settlement or compromise is in the best interests of the Fund and that such Indemnitee appears to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Indemnitees action was in the best interest of the Fund and did not involve disabling conduct by such Indemnitee and (3) with respect to any action, suit or other proceeding voluntarily prosecuted by any Indemnitee as plaintiff, indemnification shall be mandatory only if the prosecution of such action, suit or other proceeding by such Indemnitee was authorized by a majority of the full Board of Directors of the Fund.
(b) The Fund shall make advance payments in connection with the expenses of defending any action with respect to which indemnification might be sought hereunder if the Fund receives a written affirmation of the Indemnitees good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification has been met and a written undertaking to reimburse the Fund unless it is subsequently determined that such Indemnitee is entitled to such indemnification and if the Directors of the Fund determine that the facts then known to them would not preclude indemnification. In addition, at least one of the following conditions must be met: (A) the Indemnitee shall provide a security for such Indemnitee undertaking, (B) the Fund shall be insured against losses arising by reason of any unlawful advance, or (C) a majority of a quorum consisting of Directors of the Fund who are neither interested persons of the Fund (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) nor parties to the proceeding (Disinterested Non-Party
5
Directors) or an independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall determine, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that there is reason to believe that the Indemnitee ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.
(c) All determinations with respect to the standards for indemnification hereunder shall be made (1) by a final decision on the merits by a court or other body before whom the proceeding was brought that such Indemnitee is not liable by reason of disabling conduct, or (2) in the absence of such a decision, by (i) a majority vote of a quorum of the Disinterested Non-Party Directors of the Fund, or (ii) if such a quorum is not obtainable or even, if obtainable, if a majority vote of such quorum so directs, independent legal counsel in a written opinion. All determinations that advance payments in connection with the expense of defending any proceeding shall be authorized shall be made in accordance with the immediately preceding clause (2) above.
The rights accruing to any Indemnitee under these provisions shall not exclude any other right to which such Indemnitee may be lawfully entitled.
9. Limitation on Liability . The Sub-Advisor will not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Advisor or by the Fund in connection with the performance of this Agreement, except a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation for services or a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its duties under this Agreement. As used in this Section 9, the term Sub-Advisor shall include any affiliates of the Sub-Advisor performing services for the Fund contemplated hereby and partners, directors, officers and employees of the Sub-Advisor and such affiliates.
10. Duration and Termination . This Agreement shall become effective as of the date hereof and, unless sooner terminated with respect to the Fund as provided herein, shall continue in effect for a period of two years. Thereafter, if not terminated, this Agreement shall continue in effect with respect to the Fund for successive periods of 12 months, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by both (a) the vote of a majority of the Funds Board of Directors or a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund at the time outstanding and entitled to vote and (b) by the vote of a majority of the Directors, who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may be terminated by the Fund or the Advisor at any time, without the payment of any penalty, upon giving the Sub-Advisor 60 days notice (which notice may be waived by the Sub-Advisor), provided that such termination by the Fund or the Advisor shall be directed or approved by the vote of a majority of the Directors of the Fund in office at the time or by the vote of the holders of a majority of the voting securities of the Fund at the time outstanding and entitled to vote, or by the Sub-Advisor
6
on 60 days written notice (which notice may be waived by the Fund and the Advisor), and will terminate automatically upon any termination of the Advisory Agreement between the Fund and the Advisor. This Agreement will also immediately terminate in the event of its assignment. (As used in this Agreement, the terms majority of the outstanding voting securities, interested person and assignment shall have the same meanings of such terms in the 1940 Act.)
11. Notices . Any notice under this Agreement shall be in writing to the other party at such address as the other party may designate from time to time for the receipt of such notice and shall be deemed to be received on the earlier of the date actually received or on the fourth day after the postmark if such notice is mailed first class postage prepaid.
12. Amendment of this Agreement . This Agreement may be amended by the parties only if such amendment is specifically approved by the vote of the Board of Directors of the Fund, including a majority of those Directors who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of any such party cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval and, where required by the 1940 Act, by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
13. Miscellaneous . The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define or delimit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby. This Agreement shall be binding on, and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors.
14. Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York for contracts to be performed entirely therein without reference to choice of law principles thereof and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act. To the extent that the applicable laws of the State of New York, or any of the provisions, conflict with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control.
15. Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts by the parties hereto, each of which shall constitute an original counterpart, and all of which, together, shall constitute one Agreement.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this instrument to be executed by their duly authorized officers designated below as of the day and year first above written.
BLACKROCK ADVISORS, LLC | ||
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Name: | ||
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BLACKROCK INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC | ||
By: |
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Name: | ||
Title: |
AGREED AND ACCEPTED
as of the date first set forth above
BLACKROCK PACIFIC FUND, INC. | ||
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Name: | ||
Title: |
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Schedule A
Sub-Investment Advisory Fee
74% of the monthly advisory fee received by the Advisor from the Fund.
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to Registration Statement No. 2-56978 on Form N-1A of our report dated February 22, 2006, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights of Merrill Lynch Pacific Fund, Inc. (the Fund) (to be renamed BlackRock Pacific Fund, Inc.) appearing in the Annual Report on Form N-CSR of the Fund for the year ended December 31, 2005, and to the references to us under the headings Financial Highlights in the Prospectus and Financial Statements in the Statement of Additional Information, which are part of such Registration Statement.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Princeton, New Jersey
September 25, 2006