Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


Form 10-Q

 


 

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2007

or

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period From              to             

Commission File Number 001-32887

 


VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 


 

Delaware   11-3547680
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)   (IRS Employer Identification No.)

 

23 Main Street, Holmdel, NJ   07733
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (732) 528-2600

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report): Not Applicable

 


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   x     No   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer   ¨     Accelerated filer   ¨     Non-accelerated filer   x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ¨     No   x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

 

Class

 

Outstanding at October 31, 2007

Common Stock, par value $0.001   155,863,949 shares

 



Table of Contents

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

INDEX

 

                  Page
Part I. Financial Information   
   Item 1.   Financial Statements   
     A)   Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2007 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2006    1
     B)   Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 and 2006    2
     C)   Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 and 2006    3
     D)   Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007    4
     E)   Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007    5
   Item 2.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations    14
   Item 3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk    29
   Item 4   Controls and Procedures    29
Part II. Other Information   
   Item 1.   Legal Proceedings    30
   Item 1A.   Risk Factors    30
   Item 2.   Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds    30
   Item 3.   Defaults Upon Senior Securities    30
   Item 4.   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders    30
   Item 5.   Other Information    30
   Item 6.   Exhibits    30
     Signature    31


Table of Contents

Part I – Financial Information

 

Item 1. Financial Statements

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value)

(Unaudited)

 

     September 30,
2007
    December 31,
2006
 
Assets     

Assets

    

Current assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 129,010     $ 210,253  

Marketable securities

     148,734       289,483  

Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $1,400 and $476, respectively

     21,823       16,544  

Inventory, net of allowance of $2,131 and $1,270, respectively

     19,898       24,390  

Deferred customer acquisition costs, current

     17,060       13,022  

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     23,564       16,080  

Restricted cash

     78,146       —    
                

Total current assets

     438,235       569,772  

Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation

     127,856       128,247  

Deferred customer acquisition costs, non-current

     38,635       34,067  

Deferred financing costs, net

     6,371       7,861  

Restricted cash

     31,134       8,042  

Due from related parties

     4       60  

Intangible assets, net

     8,346       4,300  

Other assets

     15,181       5,175  
                

Total assets

   $ 665,762     $ 757,524  
                
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)     

Liabilities

    

Current liabilities:

    

Accounts payable

   $ 58,121     $ 58,899  

Accrued expenses

     273,698       161,505  

Deferred revenue, current portion

     51,038       38,504  

Current maturities of capital lease obligations

     1,018       1,020  
                

Total current liabilities

     383,875       259,928  

Convertible notes, net

     253,310       253,430  

Deferred revenue, net of current portion

     43,023       37,730  

Capital lease obligations, net of current maturities

     22,483       23,235  

Other liability, net of current portion

     26,000       —    
                

Total liabilities

     728,691       574,323  
                

Commitments and Contingencies

    

Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

    

Common stock, par value $0.001 per share; authorized 596,950 shares at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006;

    

157,235 and 156,353 shares issued at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively;

    

155,882 and 155,059 shares outstanding at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively

     157       156  

Additional paid-in capital

     943,107       922,097  

Stock subscription receivable

     (5,273 )     (5,721 )

Accumulated deficit

     (988,645 )     (720,857 )

Treasury stock, at cost, 1,353 shares at September 30, 2007 and 1,294 shares at December 31, 2006

     (12,428 )     (12,342 )

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

     153       (132 )
                

Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)

     (62,929 )     183,201  
                

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)

   $ 665,762     $ 757,524  
                

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

     Three Months Ended
September 30,
    Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2007     2006     2007     2006  

Operating Revenues:

        

Telephony services

   $ 203,724     $ 155,611     $ 593,561     $ 405,732  

Customer equipment and shipping

     6,810       6,235       18,815       20,202  
                                
     210,534       161,846       612,376       425,934  
                                

Operating Expenses:

        

Direct cost of telephony services (excluding depreciation and amortization of $4,312, $3,022, $12,616 and $8,707, respectively)

     54,463       41,396       162,364       119,753  

Royalty

     11,139       —         32,606       —    
                                

Total direct cost of telephony services

     65,602       41,396       194,970       119,753  

Direct cost of goods sold

     17,057       16,934       41,633       50,561  

Selling, general and administrative

     217,939       72,052       397,133       191,036  

Marketing

     61,885       91,316       220,641       269,768  

Depreciation and amortization

     8,563       5,946       24,613       16,645  
                                
     371,046       227,644       878,990       647,763  
                                

Loss from operations

     (160,512 )     (65,798 )     (266,614 )     (221,829 )
                                

Other Income (Expense):

        

Interest income

     4,238       7,721       15,066       14,442  

Interest expense

     (5,424 )     (3,999 )     (15,700 )     (13,977 )

Other, net

     (36 )     (108 )     (69 )     (116 )
                                
     (1,222 )     3,614       (703 )     349  
                                

Loss before income tax benefit (expense)

     (161,734 )     (62,184 )     (267,317 )     (221,480 )

Income tax benefit (expense)

     (94 )     —         (471 )     —    
                                

Net loss

   $ (161,828 )   $ (62,184 )   $ (267,788 )   $ (221,480 )
                                

Net loss per common share:

        

Basic and diluted

   $ (1.04 )   $ (0.40 )   $ (1.72 )   $ (2.99 )
                                

Weighted-average common shares outstanding:

        

Basic and diluted

     155,784       154,775       155,482       73,955  
                                

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

 

     Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2007     2006  

Cash flows from operating activities:

    

Net loss

   $ (267,788 )   $ (221,480 )

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

    

Depreciation and amortization

     23,159       16,412  

Amortization of intangibles

     1,454       233  

Beneficial conversion on interest in kind on convertible notes

     32       22  

Accrued interest

     597       3,295  

Allowance for doubtful accounts

     1,087       191  

Allowance for obsolete inventory

     1,443       827  

Amortization of deferred financing costs

     1,490       1,503  

Loss on disposal of fixed assets

     118       16  

Share-based compensation

     20,079       19,980  

Other

     —         (49 )

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

    

Accounts receivable

     (6,220 )     (6,608 )

Inventory

     3,350       (2,764 )

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     (8,047 )     (13,512 )

Deferred customer acquisition costs

     (8,284 )     (16,908 )

Due from related parties

     74       25  

Other assets

     185       (129 )

Accounts payable

     (1,108 )     40,732  

Accrued expenses

     106,147       (10,159 )

Deferred revenue

     17,243       27,681  

Other liability

     26,000       —    
                

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

     (88,989 )     (160,692 )
                

Cash flows from investing activities:

    

Capital expenditures

     (19,981 )     (32,472 )

Purchase of intangible assets

     —         (5,268 )

Purchase of marketable securities

     (210,325 )     (559,507 )

Maturities and sales of marketable securities

     351,032       303,043  

Acquisition and development of software assets

     (12,737 )     (1,126 )

Increase in restricted cash

     (101,160 )     (1,870 )
                

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

     6,829       (297,200 )
                

Cash flows from financing activities:

    

Principal payments on capital lease obligations

     (754 )     (593 )

Proceeds from notes issuance

     —         2,047  

Debt issuance costs

     —         (283 )

Proceeds from subscription receivable, net

     279       131  

Proceeds from common stock issuance, net

     —         493,497  

Purchase of treasury stock

     —         (11,723 )

Payments for directed share program, net

     169       (4,017 )

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

     780       290  
                

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     474       479,349  
                

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

     443       10  
                

Net change in cash and cash equivalents

     (81,243 )     21,467  

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

     210,253       132,549  
                

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

   $ 129,010     $ 154,016  
                

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:

    

Cash paid during the periods for:

    

Interest

   $ 15,167     $ 8,501  
                

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

 

     Common
Stock
   Additional
Paid-in
Capital
   Stock
Subscription
Receivable
    Accumulated
Deficit
    Treasury
Stock
    Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
    Total  

Balance at December 31, 2006

   $ 156    $ 922,097    $ (5,721 )   $ (720,857 )   $ (12,342 )   $ (132 )   $ 183,201  

Stock option exercises

     1      779              780  

Share-based compensation

        20,079              20,079  

Share-based award activity

               (86 )       (86 )

Convertible notes converted into common stock

        152              152  

Directed share program transactions, net

           169             169  

Stock subscription receivable payments

           279             279  

Comprehensive loss:

                

Change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments

                 (42 )     (42 )

Foreign currency translation adjustment

                 327       327  

Net loss

             (267,788 )         (267,788 )
                                                      

Total comprehensive loss

     —        —        —         (267,788 )     —         285       (267,503 )
                                                      

Balance at September 30, 2007

   $ 157    $ 943,107    $ (5,273 )   $ (988,645 )   $ (12,428 )   $ 153     $ (62,929 )
                                                      

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

Vonage Holdings Corp. (“Vonage”, “Company”, “we, “our”, “us”) is incorporated as a Delaware corporation. The original Certificate of Incorporation was filed in May 2000 as MIN-X.COM, INC., our original name, which was changed in February 2001 to Vonage Holdings Corp. We are a provider of broadband Voice over Internet Protocol (“VoIP”) services to residential and small business and home office customers. We launched service in the United States in October 2002, in Canada in November 2004 and in the United Kingdom in May 2005.

We have incurred significant operating losses since inception. As a result, we have generated negative cash flows from operations, and have an accumulated deficit at September 30, 2007 of $988,645. Our primary source of funds to date has been through the issuance of equity and debt securities, including net proceeds from our initial public offering (“IPO”) of $491,144 in May 2006, which includes costs of $1,896 incurred in 2005.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and information have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and in accordance with the instructions for Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these financial statements contain all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, cash flows and statement of stockholders’ equity for the periods presented. The results for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2007 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on April 17, 2007.

Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Vonage and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including the following:

 

   

those related to the average period of service to a customer (the “customer relationship period”) used to amortize deferred revenue and deferred customer acquisition costs associated with customer activation;

 

   

the useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets; and

 

   

assumptions used for the purpose of determining stock-based compensation using the Black-Scholes option model (“Model”), and on various other assumptions that we believed to be reasonable. The key inputs for this Model are stock price at valuation date, strike price for the option, the dividend yield, risk-free interest rate, life of option in years and volatility.

We base our estimates on historical experience, available market information, appropriate valuation methodologies, and on various other assumptions that we believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.

Restricted Cash and Letters of Credit

In March 2007, a judgment was entered against us in the amount of $58,000 in our Verizon patent litigation. In April 2007, we posted a cash-collateralized $66,000 bond, which reflected the $58,000 jury award plus pre- and post-judgment interest and costs of

$8,000, to stay execution of the monetary judgment pending appeal. In July 2007, we made an additional payment into escrow of $11,885 for the second quarter 2007 royalty. This bond, escrow payment and the interest earned on the bond were reflected as short-term restricted cash, which balance was $78,146 at September 30, 2007.

 

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VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

Our credit card processors have established reserves to cover any exposure that they may have as we collect revenue in advance of providing services to our customers, which is a customary practice for companies that bill their customers in advance of providing services. As such, we have provided our credit card processors with cash reserves of $13,855 and a cash collateralized letter of credit for $10,000. In addition, we have a cash collateralized letter of credit for $7,000 as of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006 related to lease deposits for our offices. The total amount of collateralized letters of credit was $17,279 and $7,549 at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively. In the aggregate, cash reserves and collateralized letters of credit of $31,134 and $8,042 were recorded as long-term restricted cash at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively.

Software Costs

We capitalize certain costs, such as purchased software and internally developed software that we use for customer acquisition and customer care automation tools, in accordance with Statement of Position 98-1, Accounting for Costs of Computer Software Development or Obtained for Internal Use. These costs are classified as “Other Assets” in the consolidated balance sheet. In addition, in the third quarter of 2007, we reclassified computer software originally recorded in prior periods as property and equipment to Other Assets. Computer software is stated at cost less accumulated amortization and the estimated useful life is three years. Total computer software was $20,669 at September 30, 2007 and $7,931 at December 31, 2006, respectively, substantially all of which were external costs. Amortization expense was $1,023 and $250 for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and $2,547 and $865 for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Patents

Patent rights acquired in the settlement of litigation or by direct purchase are accounted for based upon the fair value of assets received.

In June 2006, we purchased three patents related to the compression of packetized digital signals commonly used in VoIP technology. In July 2006, we began amortizing the cost of these patents over their estimated useful lives of 2.7 years. Amortization expense was $484 and $233 for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and $1,453 and $233 for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Annual amortization will be approximately $1,940.

In October 2007, in connection with the settlement of our patent litigation with Sprint, we acquired a license to use Sprint’s portfolio of “Voice over Packet” patents. The fair value assigned to these patents was $5,500. We began amortizing the cost of these patents in October 2007 over their estimated useful lives of 6.6 years. Annual amortization will be approximately $825.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable and accounts payable, approximate fair value because of their short maturities. The carrying amounts of our capital leases approximate fair value of these obligations based upon management’s best estimates of interest rates that would be available for similar debt obligations at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006. As of September 30, 2007, the estimated fair value of our convertible notes was approximately $212,906 based on the average price from private transactions as there is no public market for the convertible notes.

Reclassification

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior years’ financial statements in order to conform to the current year’s presentation.

Loss per Share

Basic and diluted loss per common share is calculated by dividing loss to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The effects of potentially dilutive common shares, including shares issued under our 2001 Stock Incentive Plan and 2006 Incentive Plan using the treasury stock method and our convertible preferred stock (that converted on a 2.86-to-1 basis) using the if-converted method, have been excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per common share because of their anti-dilutive effects.

 

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VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

The following were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per common share because of their anti-dilutive effects:

 

     Three and Nine Months Ended
September 30,
     2007    2006

Common stock warrants

   3,085    3,085

Convertible notes

   17,824    17,835

Restricted stock units

   3,797    983

Employee stock options

   19,116    16,569
         
   43,822    38,472
         

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2007, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities , including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 (“SFAS 159”). SFAS 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. It also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to facilitate comparisons between entities that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and liabilities. SFAS 159 is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2007 (our 2008 fiscal year). We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this pronouncement on our consolidated financial statements.

On January 1, 2007, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48 (“FIN No. 48”), “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” which prescribes a comprehensive model for how a company should recognize, measure, present and disclose in its financial statements uncertain income tax positions that the Company has taken or expects to take on a tax return (including a decision whether to file or not to file a return in a particular jurisdiction). The adoption of FIN No. 48 on January 1, 2007 did not result in a cumulative-effect adjustment or have an effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157 “ Fair Value Measurements .” The Statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This Statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently assessing the impact of adopting SFAS 157 on our consolidated financial statements.

In September 2006, the FASB ratified the consensus on EITF Issue No. 06-3, “How Taxes Collected from Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities Should Be Presented in the Income Statement” (“EITF No. 06-3”). The scope of EITF No. 06-3 includes any tax assessed by a governmental authority that is directly imposed on a revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer and may include, but is not limited to, sales, use, value added, Universal Service Fund (“USF “) contributions and excise taxes. The Task Force concluded that entities should present these taxes in the income statement on either a gross or net basis, based on their accounting policy, which should be disclosed pursuant to APB Opinion No. 22, “Disclosure of Accounting Policies.” If such taxes are significant and are presented on a gross basis, the amount of those taxes should be disclosed. The consensus on EITF No. 06-3 will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2006. We currently record sales, use and excise taxes on a net basis in our consolidated financial statements whereas USF contributions are recorded on a gross basis in our consolidated financial statements. The adoption of EITF No. 06-3 did not have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations.

In February 2006, FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 155, Accounting for Certain Hybrid Instruments (“SFAS 155”). SFAS 155 allows financial instruments that have embedded derivatives to be accounted for as a whole (eliminating the need to bifurcate the derivative from its host) if the holder elects to account for the whole instrument on a fair value basis. This statement is effective for all financial instruments acquired or issued after the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. The adoption of SFAS 155 did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 2. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

State Attorney General Proceedings.

 

   

On May 3, 2005, the Office of the Attorney General for the State of Connecticut filed a complaint against us, alleging that our advertising and provision of emergency calling service violated the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act and certain state regulations. We answered the complaint on July 7, 2005 and denied its allegations. We have undertaken settlement

 

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VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

 

discussions with the Connecticut Attorney General and have voluntarily provided information requested during the course of those discussions. The state recently sent Vonage a proposed settlement agreement focused on consumer disclosures relating to our 911 dialing services, and we are in the process of negotiating the terms and conditions of a settlement. If we are not successful in finalizing this settlement agreement, we intend to vigorously defend against the lawsuit.

 

   

On March 7, 2006, the Attorney General of Missouri issued a civil investigative demand (“CID”), for documents related to our emergency calling service. We responded to the CID on April 3, 2006. The Missouri Attorney General has not filed a complaint against us or taken other formal action.

 

   

We received a subpoena dated September 29, 2006 from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Office of Attorney General, Bureau of Consumer Protection seeking a wide variety of documents. The Attorney General’s office has since agreed to narrow the scope of documents it seeks to certain materials relating to advertising to, and subscriptions by, Pennsylvania consumers, and the training and general form of compensation paid to personnel that market and provides customer care functions for our service. We made a rolling production of responsive materials, which was completed in 2006.

 

   

On November 9, 2007, the Assistant Attorney General for the Wisconsin Department of Justice issued a CID for documents related to our business, including our marketing efforts, local number portability (“LNP”) process, and cancellation practices. We are currently preparing a response to the CID. To date, the Wisconsin Attorney General has not filed a complaint against us or taken other formal action.

Federal Trade Commission Investigation. On August 31, 2005, the Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, issued a CID to us which requested information regarding our 911 service and complaints or notices pertaining to that service, our residential unlimited calling plan and our compliance and our telemarketing vendors’ compliance with the FTC’s Telemarketing Sales Rule including, but not limited to, the requirement to refrain from telemarketing to persons who appear on the National Do Not Call Registry. No formal action has been filed against Vonage at this time. We are unable at this time to predict the outcome of the FTC’s investigation, whether a formal action will be filed against Vonage, to assess the likelihood of a favorable or unfavorable outcome in that event, or to estimate the amount of liability in the event of an unfavorable outcome.

Patent Litigation.

 

   

Sprint . On October 4, 2005, a lawsuit was filed against us by Sprint Communications Company L.P. in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas. Sprint alleged that Vonage infringed seven patents in connection with providing VoIP services. On September 25, 2007, a jury found Vonage liable for having infringed the Sprint patents at issue. The jury awarded damages in the amount of $69,500, representing 5% of our revenue over the infringing period. On October 7, 2007, we entered into a Binding Memorandum of Understanding (the “MOU”) with Sprint pursuant to which we agreed to settle our ongoing patent dispute and agreed to enter into a licensing arrangement under Sprint’s “Voice over Packet” patent portfolio. Pursuant to the terms of the MOU, each party agreed not to assert infringement against the other party for any party’s current commercial business activities as of the date of the MOU or previously provided commercial business activities. We also agreed not to assert any other infringement action against Sprint unless Sprint first files a patent infringement claim against us for activities not licensed or not covered by the MOU. These covenants not to sue are non-transferable. The MOU provides that we shall pay Sprint the following:

 

   

$5,000 as a prepayment for telecommunications services to be purchased from Sprint by us over a two year period; and

 

   

$75,000 for a license for past and future use of Sprint’s patents.

The $5,000 prepayment for services will be recorded as an asset in the consolidated balance sheet in the fourth quarter of 2007 and will be expensed as we use the services. We believe that $69,500, the amount of the jury award, is a good indicator of fair value for past use of the license and has been recorded as selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007. The remaining $5,500 has been recorded as an intangible asset in the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2007 and will be amortized over the remaining life of the patents.

The MOU also provides that Sprint may, at its option, elect to accept the terms and conditions of our settlement with Verizon in lieu of the terms of the MOU (the “Election Provision”). The MOU provides, however, that Sprint shall not be entitled to the financial terms of our settlement with Verizon for any funds paid to Verizon after the one-year period following the execution of the MOU, and the Election Provision will not apply to the extent that there are objective material adverse changes that would negatively effect us (“Vonage Material Adverse Change”) in the legal situation in the Verizon matter. An example of a Vonage Material Adverse Change that is expressly set forth in the MOU is if the stay of the injunction is lifted that would prevent us from adding new customers. We do not believe we will be obligated to make any additional payment to Sprint as a result of our settlement with Verizon.

 

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VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

   

Verizon. On June 12, 2006, a lawsuit was filed against us and our subsidiary Vonage America Inc., by Verizon Services Corp., Verizon Laboratories Inc., and Verizon Communications, Inc. in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. Verizon alleged that we infringed seven patents in connection with providing VoIP services and sought injunctive relief, compensatory and treble damages and attorney’s fees. After trial on the merits, a jury returned a verdict finding that Vonage infringed three of the patents-in-suit. The jury rejected Verizon’s claim for willful infringement, treble damages, and attorney’s fees, and awarded compensatory damages in the amount of $58,000 through February 2007. The trial court subsequently indicated that it would award Verizon $1,578 in prejudgment interest on the $58,000 jury award. The trial court issued a permanent injunction with respect to the three patents the jury found to be infringed effective April 12, 2007. The trial court further granted a partial stay which permits us to continue to service existing customers pending appeal, subject to deposit into escrow of a 5.5% royalty on a quarterly basis. In addition, in April 2007, we posted a cash-collateralized $66,000 bond, which reflected the $58,000 jury award plus pre-and-post judgment interest and costs of $8,000, to stay execution of the monetary judgment pending appeal. In July 2007, we made an additional payment into escrow of $11,885 for the royalty for the second quarter of 2007. These bond and escrow payments are reflected as short-term restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2007.

On April 6, 2007, we filed an amended notice of appeal as well as a motion for a full stay pending its appeal with the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (“CAFC”). On September 26, 2007, the CAFC issued an opinion, affirming in part and reversing in part, the jury verdict. In particular, the CAFC reversed the jury verdict concerning infringement on the 880 patent. The CAFC vacated the $58,000 damage award, as well as the 5.5% royalty and remanded the case to the U.S. District Court for further proceedings. On October 10, 2007, we filed a motion for a review of the September 26 th decision by the original three-judge panel or the full panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit sitting en banc .

On October 25, 2007, we resolved our litigation and executed a settlement agreement with Verizon. The terms of the agreement require us to make a minimum payment of $80,000. We may also be required to pay Verizon an additional $40,000 unless there is an adverse decision by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (“Verizon Adverse Decision”) against Verizon as follows:

 

   

a new claim construction for any of the terms of the claims of the patents and a remand for a new trial on such claim construction;

 

   

a remand for a new trial of the patents on our defense of obviousness; or

 

   

the permanent injunction order entered by the Court is vacated, and/or vacated and remanded for further proceedings, with respect to the patents.

However, if there is a Verizon Material Adverse Change, we would not be obligated to pay Verizon any more than the $80,000 payment. We believe that it is not probable that there will be a Verizon Adverse Decision and therefore the maximum payment of $120,000 has been recorded in the consolidated financial statements at September 30, 2007. Through September 30, 2007, we have recorded $83,950 as a royalty expense included in cost of revenue and $3,424 as interest expense related to the Verizon patents of which $51,345 and $1,170, respectively, were recorded in the year ended December 31, 2006. The remaining $32,626 has been recorded as selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations for the period ended September 30, 2007.

 

   

Klausner Technologies. On July 10, 2006, a lawsuit was filed against us and Vonage America by Klausner Technologies, Inc., (“Klausner”), in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Klausner alleged that we infringed one of its patents concerning voice mail technology. Klausner sought injunctive relief, compensatory and treble damages and attorney’s fees. On October 10, 2007, we reached a settlement with Klausner which provides us with a patent license related to voicemail services. The settlement has been recorded as selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations for the period ended September 30, 2007 and was not material to our financial statements.

 

   

Rates Technology . On October 31, 2007, we settled a dispute with Rates Technology (“Rates”) regarding two patents held by Rates relating to the least cost routing of telephone calls over the public switched telephone network. The settlement has been recorded as selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations for the period ended September 30, 2007 and was not material to our financial statements.

 

   

Web Telephony, LLC. On March 14, 2007, Web Telephony, LLC filed suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas against us and several other defendants. Web Telephony alleges that we are infringing two telecommunications patents held by Web Telephony and seeks injunction relief, compensatory and treble damages and attorneys’ fees. On September 1, 2007, Web Telephony filed an amended complaint, which dropped claims against AT&T, Inc., but retained claims against another AT&T entity (AT&T Corporation). Vonage filed its answer to the amended complaint and counterclaims on September 18, 2007. We intend to contest Web Telephony’s infringement allegations vigorously. The Court has not set a discovery or trial schedule in this matter. We presently are unable to assess the likelihood of a favorable or unfavorable outcome in this matter or to estimate the amount of liability in the event of an unfavorable outcome.

 

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VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

IPO Litigation. During September and July 2006, Vonage, several of our officers and directors, and the firms who served as the underwriters in our initial public offering (“IPO”) were named as defendants in several purported class action lawsuits arising out of our IPO. The cases were filed in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, the Supreme Court of the State of New York, which was subsequently removed to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, and the Superior Court of New Jersey, which was subsequently removed to the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey.

The complaints assert claims under the federal securities laws on behalf of a professed class consisting of all those who were allegedly damaged as a result of acquiring our common stock in connection with our IPO. The complaints allege, among other things, that we omitted and/or misstated certain facts concerning the IPO’s Customer Directed Share Program. Some complaints also allege the IPO prospectus contained misrepresentations or omissions concerning certain of our products and/or the prior experience of some of our management. One complaint which was voluntarily dismissed included an allegation of open market securities fraud during a purported class period of May 24, 2006 to September 19, 2006 in addition to claims arising out of the IPO. On January 9, 2007, the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation transferred all remaining complaints to the District of New Jersey. Following briefing by the various plaintiffs in order to appoint lead plaintiff, the Court held a hearing on July 25, 2007 to select the lead plaintiff. By Order dated September 7, 2007, the Court appointed Zyssman Group as the lead plaintiff, and the law firm of Zwerling, Schachter & Zwerling, LLP as lead counsel. By Order dated September 26, 2007, the Court entered a stipulation by which the plaintiffs agreed to file a consolidated complaint by November 19, 2007, with the defendants responding to the consolidated complaint by January 18, 2008.

Although we believe that we and the individual defendants have meritorious defenses to the claims made in each of the aforementioned complaints and intend to contest each lawsuit vigorously, an adverse resolution of any of the lawsuits may have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations in the period in which the lawsuits are resolved. We are not presently able to reasonably estimate potential losses, if any, related to the lawsuits.

Consumer Class Action Litigations. We have been named in several purported class actions venued in California, New Jersey, and Washington alleging a wide variety of deficiencies with respect to our business practices, marketing disclosures, email marketing and quality issues for both phone and fax service.

For example, there are various class actions, on behalf of both nationwide and state classes, pending in New Jersey, Washington and California generally alleging that we delayed and/or refused to allow consumers to cancel their Company service; failed to disclose procedural impediments to cancellation; failed to adequately disclose that their 30-day money back guarantee does not give consumers 30 days to try out our services; suppressed and concealed the true nature of our services and disseminated false advertising about the quality, nature and terms of our services; imposed an unlawful early termination fee; and invoked unconscionable provisions of our Terms of Service to the detriment of customers. On May 11, 2007, plaintiffs in one action petitioned the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation (the “Panel”), seeking transfer and consolidation of the pending actions to a single court for coordinated pretrial proceedings pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1407. The motion was heard on July 26, 2007 in Minneapolis, Minnesota and the Panel, in an Order dated August 15, 2007, transferred the pending actions to the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. On October 1, 2007, plaintiffs in one action moved before the Court for Consolidation and Appointment of Co-Lead Counsel of the actions, and requested time to file an Amended Consolidated Complaint. The Court has not yet ruled on the motion.

Although we believe that we have meritorious defenses to the claims made in each of the aforementioned complaints and intend to contest each lawsuit vigorously, an adverse resolution of any of the lawsuits may have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations in the period in which the lawsuits are resolved. We are not presently able to reasonably estimate potential losses, if any, related to the lawsuits.

Regulation

Telephony services are subject to a broad spectrum of state and federal regulations. Because of the uncertainty over whether VoIP should be treated as a telecommunications or information service, we have been involved in a substantial amount of state and federal regulatory activity. Implementation and interpretation of the existing laws and regulations is ongoing and is subject to litigation by various federal and state agencies and courts. Due to the nature of the technology in use, there is no guarantee that we will not be subject to new regulations or existing regulations under new interpretations.

On June 1, 2007, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals vacated the portion of the Federal Communications Commission’s (“FCC”) USF Order which required interconnected VoIP providers to make double USF payments in violation of the carrier’s carrier rule. However, the Court failed to decide how interconnected VoIP providers would recover the USF payments made to underlying carriers. Vonage continues to pursue actions to recover all methods of payments that were made from the FCC’s violation of double payments and the carrier’s carrier rule.

 

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VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

On September 15, 2007, the FCC released its Order extending the disability access requirements of Section 255 and 225 to interconnected VoIP services and to manufacturers of specially designed equipment used to provide VoIP services. The Order also required interconnected VoIP providers to contribute to the TRS Fund and offer 711 dialing for access to relay services. Vonage has complied effective October 5, 2007.

On October 9, 2007, the FCC’s Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau issued an Order granting in part several waiver requests related to VoIP 711 dialing. The Order waives for six months the requirement that interconnected VoIP service providers transmit 711 calls to an appropriate relay provider. In the second part of the waiver, the Bureau waived for six months traditional TRS providers’ obligation to call an appropriate PSAP when receiving, via interconnected VoIP services, a 711 call concerning an emergency.

Under the direction of the FCC waiver, Vonage, as an interconnected VoIP service, is providing reminders to subscribers to dial 911 directly in the event of an emergency.

E-911

On September 3, 2005, the FCC released its VoIP E-911 order (the “Order”). Pursuant to the Order, we were required (i) to notify our customers of the differences between the emergency services available through us and those available through traditional telephony providers and to receive affirmative acknowledgment from all of our customers that they understand the nature of the emergency services available through our service and (ii) to provide E-911 services to 100% of our subscribers by November 28, 2005. We have received affirmative acknowledgment from substantially all of our customers that they understand our emergency services and therefore we are substantially in compliance with both aspects of the Order. On November 28, 2005, we filed a petition for extension of time and limited waiver of certain of the enhanced emergency service requirements. To the extent the waiver is necessary and remains ungranted, we are at risk of an enforcement action including fines, penalties and/or an order to cease and desist selling and marketing our services in certain areas where E-911 service is unavailable. We regularly update the FCC on our E-911 deployment efforts.

CALEA

On August 5, 2005, the FCC released an Order extending the obligations of Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (“CALEA”) to interconnected VoIP providers. Under CALEA, telecommunications carriers must assist law enforcement in executing electronic surveillance, which include the capability of providing call content and call-identifying information to a local enforcement agency, or LEA, pursuant to a court order or other lawful authorization.

The FCC required all interconnected VoIP providers to become fully CALEA compliant by May 14, 2007. To date, we have taken significant steps towards CALEA compliance, which include testing the CALEA solution with the FBI and delivering lawful CALEA requests. We have also implemented alternative solutions that allow CALEA access to call content and call-identifying information. The FCC and law enforcement officials have been advised as to our CALEA progress and our efforts at implementing alternative solutions. We could be subject to an enforcement action by the FCC if our CALEA solution is deemed not fully operational.

CPNI

On April 2, 2007, the FCC released its Order extending the application of the customer proprietary network information (“CPNI”) rules to interconnected VoIP providers. The Commission’s CPNI rules were published with an effective date of December 8, 2007. Vonage is preparing to comply.

CPNI includes information such as the phone numbers called by a consumer; the frequency, duration, and timing of such calls; and any services/features purchased by the consumer, such as call waiting, call forwarding, and caller ID.

Under the FCC’s existing rules, carriers may not use CPNI without customer approval except in circumstances related to their provision of existing services, and must comply with detailed customer approval processes when using CPNI outside of these circumstances. The new CPNI requirements are aimed at establishing more stringent security measures for access to a customer’s CPNI data in the form of enhanced passwords for on-line access and call-in access to account information as well as customer notification of account or password changes.

At the present time we do not utilize our customer’s CPNI in a manner which would require us to obtain consent from our customers, but in the event that we do in the future, we will be required to adhere to specific CPNI rules aimed at marketing such services. Within the next six months we will be required to implement internal processes in order to be compliant with all the CPNI rules. We have engaged all affected business units and compliance is expected by the deadline.

 

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VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

State and Municipal Taxes

For a period of time, we did not collect or remit state or municipal taxes (such as sales, excise, and ad valorem taxes), fees or surcharges (“Taxes”) on the charges to our customers for our services, except that we have historically complied with the New Jersey sales tax. We have received inquiries or demands from a number of state and municipal taxing and 911 agencies seeking payment of Taxes that are applied to or collected from customers of providers of traditional public switched telephone network services. Although we have consistently maintained that these Taxes do not apply to our service for a variety of reasons depending on the statute or rule that establishes such obligations, a number of states have changed their statutes as part of the streamlined sales tax initiatives and we are now collecting and remitting sales taxes in those states. In addition, a few states address how VoIP providers should contribute to support public safety agencies, and in those states we began to remit fees to the appropriate state agencies. We have also contacted authorities in each of the other states to discuss how we can financially contribute to the 911 system. We do not know how all these discussions will be resolved, but there is a possibility that we will be required to pay or collect and remit some or all of these Taxes in the future. Additionally, some of these Taxes could apply to us retroactively. As such, we have recorded a reserve of $5,541 at September 30, 2007 as our best estimate of the potential tax exposure for any retroactive assessment. We believe the maximum estimated exposure for retroactive assessments is $14,890 as of September 30, 2007.

Purchase Obligations

At September 30, 2007, future commitments for purchase obligations include $8,300 for the purchase of integrated circuit chips through 2009 and $5,135 for device handsets through 2010.

Note 3. Directed Share Program

In connection with our IPO, we requested that our underwriters reserve 4,219 shares for our customers to purchase at the initial public offering price of $17.00 per share through the Vonage Customer Directed Share Program (“DSP”). In connection with our IPO, we also entered into an Underwriting Agreement, dated May 23, 2006, pursuant to which we agreed to indemnify the Underwriters for any losses caused by the failure of any participant in the DSP to pay for and accept delivery of the shares that had been allocated to such participant in connection with our IPO. In the weeks following the IPO, certain participants in the DSP that had been allocated shares failed to pay for and accept delivery of such shares. As a result of this failure and as part of the indemnification obligations, we acquired from the Underwriters or their affiliates 1,056 shares of our common stock which had an aggregate fair market value of $11,723. These shares were recorded as treasury stock on the consolidated balance sheet using the cost method. We will not make any further purchases of securities pursuant to our indemnification obligations under the Underwriting Agreement. Because we are pursuing the collection of monies owed from the DSP participants who failed to pay for their shares, we recorded a stock subscription receivable of $6,110 representing the difference between the aggregate IPO price value of the unpaid DSP shares and the $11,723 we paid for these shares.

In 2006, we reimbursed $6,110 of the indemnification obligation due to the Underwriters in accordance with the Underwriting Agreement. For the year ended December 31, 2006 and the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we received $684 and $169, respectively, in payments from certain participants in the DSP that had been allocated shares and failed to pay for such shares.

Note 4. Subsequent Events

Patent Litigation and Disputes

Subsequent to September 30, 2007, we settled various patent litigation and disputes. For more information please see Note 2.

AT&T Patent Litigation

On October 17, 2007, AT&T filed a patent infringement claim against us in the U.S. District Court of the Western District of Wisconsin. AT&T is seeking injunctive relief, compensatory and treble damages and attorneys’ fees in unspecified amounts. The complaint relates to a single patent for a wide area packet telephony system. We have been in discussions with AT&T to resolve this matter for some time, and on November 5, 2007, we reached an agreement in principle with AT&T to settle this matter. The general terms of the agreement would require us to pay $39,000 over a five-year period. Also, AT&T would agree to dismiss the lawsuit against us, and we would agree to dismiss a case against AT&T. If negotiations of a definitive settlement agreement fails, then we intend to vigorously defend ourselves in this matter. We believe that the agreement to settle this matter requires us to record the settlement in the third quarter of 2007 in accordance with SFAS No.5 “Accounting for Contingencies”. In the third quarter of 2007, we have recorded $29,000 in our consolidated statement of operations as selling, general and administrative expense, which is the present value of the $39,000, using a discount rate of 12%. We will amortize the difference between the present value of $29,000, of which $26,000 was recorded as a long-term liability, and the $39,000 to interest expense over the term of the payments using the effective interest method.

 

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VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

Regulation

Local Number Portability

On October 31, 2007, the FCC adopted an Order and Notice of Proposed Rulemaking regarding LNP. The Order was released by the Commission on November 8, 2007, but has not been published in the Federal Register. The Order will not become effective until published in the Federal Register. In the announcement of the Order, the FCC’s Wireline Competition Bureau reported that the Order is to clarify that LNP obligations extend to interconnected VoIP providers, such as Vonage, and the telecommunications carriers that obtain numbers for them. It was further announced by the FCC, that the Order clarifies the roles of traditional telephone companies and that they may not obstruct or delay number porting by demanding excess information from the customer’s new provider. The FCC specifically concluded that a simple port should be based on four fields: (1) 10-digit telephone number, (2) customer account number, (3) 5-digit zip code, and (4) pass code, if applicable. Finally, the FCC tentatively concluded that it should require the industry to complete a “simple port” in 48 hours.

Upon the release of the Order, we provided all business units with an initial analysis of the Order and its requirements. We also intend to have discussions with our telecommunications carriers and other industry partners concerning the support of meet these compliance obligations.

 

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements, which involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those we currently anticipate as a result of many factors, including the factors we describe under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.

Overview

We are a leading provider of broadband telephone services with over 2.5 million subscriber lines as of September 30, 2007. Our services use Voice over Internet Protocol, or VoIP, technology, which enables voice communications over the Internet through the conversion and compression of voice signals into data packets. In order to use our service offerings, customers must have access to a broadband Internet connection with sufficient bandwidth (generally 60 kilobits per second or more) for transmitting those data packets.

We earn revenue and generate cash primarily through our broadband telephone service plans, each of which offers a different pricing structure based on a fixed monthly fee. We generate most of our revenue from those fees, substantially all of which we bill to our customers’ credit cards, debit cards or electronic check payments, or ECP, one month in advance.

We have invested heavily in an integrated marketing strategy to build strong brand awareness that supports our sales and distribution efforts. We acquire customers through a number of sales channels, including our websites, toll free numbers and a presence in major retailers located in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. We also acquire new customers through Refer-a-Friend, our online customer referral program.

We launched our service in the United States in October 2002, in Canada in November 2004 and in the United Kingdom in May 2005. Since our U.S. launch, we have experienced rapid revenue and subscriber line growth. While our revenue has grown rapidly, we have incurred an accumulated deficit of $988.6 million from our inception through September 30, 2007. Although our net losses initially were driven primarily by start-up costs and the cost of developing our technology, more recently our net losses have been driven by our growth strategy and litigation costs. In order to grow our customer base and revenue, we chose to spend a significant amount on marketing, rather than seeking to generate net income. In addition, we plan to continue to invest in research and development and customer care. In the first quarter of 2007, we announced a plan to balance growth with profitability and chose to reduce our marketing expense in 2007 as compared to 2006. We incurred marketing expense of $220.6 million and $269.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. We incurred a net loss of $267.8 million, which includes $168.0 million in royalty, interest and litigation settlement costs related to the Verizon, AT&T, Sprint and other patent settlement agreements, and $221.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. We intend to continue to pursue a balance of growth with profitability because we believe it will position us as a strong competitor in the long term. Although we believe we will achieve profitability in the future, we ultimately may not be successful and we may never achieve profitability.

On April 11, 2007, we determined to reduce our total workforce by approximately 10% in the second quarter of 2007 to reduce costs and improve efficiency. We anticipate incurring a charge of approximately $5.0 million in 2007, all of which would be for one-time employee termination benefits. As of September 30, 2007, we recorded $4.2 million of such cost.

Trends in Our Industry and Business

A number of trends in our industry and business have a significant effect on our results of operations and are important to an understanding of our financial statements. These trends include:

Broadband adoption.  The number of U.S. households with broadband Internet access has grown significantly. We expect this trend to continue. We benefit from this trend because our service requires a broadband Internet connection and our potential addressable market increases as broadband adoption increases.

Changing competitive landscape.  We are facing increasing competition from other companies that offer multiple services such as cable television, voice and broadband Internet service. These competitors are offering VoIP or other voice services as part of a bundle, in which they offer voice services at a lower price than we do to new subscribers. In addition, we believe several of these competitors are working to develop new integrated offerings that we cannot provide and that could make their services more attractive to customers. We also compete against established alternative voice communication providers and independent VoIP service providers. Some of these service providers may choose to sacrifice revenue in order to gain market share and have offered their services at lower prices or for free. SunRocket, an independent VoIP service provider, ceased operations in July 2007. The negative press surrounding SunRocket and the offerings from other providers could negatively affect our ability to acquire new customers or retain our existing customers.

Subscriber line growth.  Since our launch, we have experienced rapid subscriber line growth. For example, we grew from 390,566 subscriber lines as of December 31, 2004 to 1,269,038 as of December 31, 2005 and to 2,224,111 as of December 31, 2006. In addition, we grew from 2,057,844 subscriber lines as of September 30, 2006 to 2,524,211 as of September 30, 2007, or approximately

 

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500,000 incremental subscriber lines. We believe we will continue to add subscriber lines in future periods; however, we do not expect to sustain our historical subscriber line growth rate on a percentage basis due to a combination of increased competition, a significantly larger and growing customer base and increasing saturation among our initial target customer base, which included many early adopters.

Average monthly customer churn.  For the three months ended September 30, 2007, we experienced average monthly customer churn of 3.0% compared to 2.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2006. We believe this increase was driven, in part, by inconsistent user experience with our service, quality of our service, increased competition and the uncertainty surrounding our patent infringement litigation with Verizon and Sprint. We believe that our churn will fluctuate over time due to increased competitive pressures and market place perception of our services.

Average monthly revenue per line.  Our average monthly revenue per line increased to $28.24 for the three months ended September 30, 2007 compared to $27.59 for the three months ended September 30, 2006. We continue to expect stability in our pricing environment. In October 2006, we began collecting Universal Service Fund (“USF”) from our customers, which has increased average monthly revenue per line. In addition, an increasing number of customers are choosing the residential unlimited plan as a result of the first month free promotion which has a positive effect on longer term average monthly revenue per line. These increases could be negatively affected by the timing and duration of promotions such as the second line promotion introduced in late May 2006. In addition, in May 2006 we started offering free calls to certain countries in Europe for customers on our unlimited plans, which will decrease average monthly revenue per line. In March 2007, we also reduced international rates to certain countries to one cent per minute, which we believe will also decrease our average monthly revenue per line.

Average monthly total direct cost of telephony services per line.  Our average monthly total direct cost of telephony services per line increased to $8.80 for the three months ended September 30, 2007 compared to $7.06 for the three months ended September 30, 2006. This increase was due to the Verizon royalty that we are required to escrow of $1.49 per line in 2007 and taxes we pay on our services including government-imposed taxes such as USF. This was offset by a decrease for changes in customers’ calling patterns as international calling is a lower portion of our overall call volume and our fixed network costs are being spread over a larger subscriber line base.

Regulation.  Our business has developed in an environment largely free from regulation. However, the United States and other countries have begun to examine how VoIP services should be regulated, and a number of initiatives could have an impact on our business. For example, the FCC has concluded that wireline broadband Internet access, such as DSL and Internet access provided by cable companies, is an information service and is subject to lighter regulation than telecommunications services. This order may give providers of wireline broadband Internet access the right to discriminate against our services, charge their customers an extra fee to use our service or block our service. We believe it is unlikely that this will occur on a widespread basis, but if it does it would have a material adverse effect on us. Other regulatory initiatives include the assertion of state regulatory authority over us, FCC rulemaking regarding emergency calling services, local number portability, disability access and proposed reforms for the intercarrier compensation system. In addition, in 2006 the FCC concluded that VoIP providers must begin contributing to the USF on October 1, 2006. The Internal Revenue Service, however, has discontinued the requirement to collect the Federal Excise Tax, which we stopped collecting on September 24, 2006. Complying with regulatory developments may affect our business by increasing our operating expenses, including legal and consulting fees, requiring us to make significant capital expenditures or increasing the taxes and regulatory fees we pay.

Operating Revenues

Operating revenues consists of telephony services revenue and customer equipment and shipping revenue.

Telephony services revenue. Substantially all of our operating revenues are telephony services revenue. In the United States, we offer two residential plans, “Residential Premium Unlimited” and “Residential Basic 500,” and two small business and home office plans, “Small Business Unlimited” and “Small Business Basic.” Each of our unlimited plans offers unlimited domestic calling as well as unlimited calling to Puerto Rico, Canada and selected European countries, subject to certain restrictions, and each of our basic plans offers a limited number of domestic calling minutes per month. Also, we currently offer international calling plans that are bundled with our Residential Premium Unlimited plan where a customer can make calls to a chosen international region. Under our basic plans, we charge on a per minute basis when the number of domestic calling minutes included in the plan is exceeded for a particular month. International calls (except for calls to certain European countries under our unlimited plans and a variety of countries under international calling plans) are charged on a per minute basis. These per minute fees are not included in our monthly subscription fees. We offer similar plans in Canada and the United Kingdom.

We derive most of our telephony services revenue from monthly subscription fees that we charge our customers under our service plans. We also offer residential fax service, virtual phone numbers, toll free numbers and other services, for each of which we charge an additional monthly fee. One business fax line is included with each of our two small office and home office plans, but we charge monthly fees for additional business fax lines. We automatically charge these fees to our customers’ credit cards, debit cards or ECP monthly in advance. We also automatically charge the per minute fees not included in our monthly subscription fees to our customers’ credit cards, debit cards or ECP monthly in arrears unless they exceed a certain dollar threshold, in which case they are charged immediately.

 

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By collecting monthly subscription fees in advance and certain other charges immediately after they are incurred, we are able to reduce the amount of accounts receivable that we have outstanding, thus allowing us to have lower working capital requirements. Collecting in this manner also helps us mitigate bad debt losses, which are recorded as a reduction to revenue. If a customer’s credit card, debit card or ECP is declined, we generally suspend international calling capabilities as well as the customer’s ability to incur domestic usage charges in excess of their plan minutes. Historically, in most cases, we are able to correct the problem with the customer within the current monthly billing cycle. Through March 31, 2007, if the customer’s credit card, debit card or ECP could not be successfully processed during two billing cycles (i.e., the current and subsequent month’s billing cycle), we terminated the account. Beginning on April 1, 2007, this period was extended to three billings cycles.

We also generate revenue by charging a fee for activating service. We charge an activation fee to our direct channel customers, or those customers who purchase equipment directly from us and to our retail channel customers, or customers who purchase equipment from retail stores. For our direct channel customers, activation fees, together with the related customer acquisition amounts for equipment, are deferred and amortized over the estimated average customer relationship period of 60 months. For our retail channel customers, rebates and retailer commissions up to but not exceeding the activation fee, are also deferred and amortized over the estimated average customer relationship period of 60 months. The amortization of deferred customer equipment expense is recorded to direct cost of goods sold. The amortization of deferred rebates is recorded as a reduction to telephony services revenue. The amortization of deferred retailer commissions is recorded as marketing expense.

In the United States, we charge regulatory recovery fees on a monthly basis to defray the costs associated with regulatory consulting and compliance as well as related litigation, E-911 compliance and to cover taxes that we are charged by the suppliers of telecommunications services. In addition, beginning in October 1, 2006 we began charging customers Federal USF. We record these fees as revenue.

Prior to August 15, 2007, we accepted returns of customer equipment up to 30 days. Subsequent to August 15, 2007, customers have up to 60 days to return equipment. For all subscribers who became our customers from July 1, 2005 to February 1, 2007, we charged a disconnect fee to customers who terminated their service within one year of activation. For subscribers who became customers after February 1, 2007, we charge a disconnect fee to those customers who terminate their service within two years of activation. Disconnect fees are recorded as revenue and are recognized at the time the customer terminates service.

Telephony services revenue is offset by the cost of certain customer acquisition activities, such as rebates and promotions.

Customer equipment and shipping revenue. Customer equipment and shipping revenue consists of revenue from sales of customer equipment to our wholesalers or directly to customers and retailers. In addition, customer equipment and shipping revenue includes the fees that we charge our customers for shipping any equipment to them.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses consist of direct cost of telephony services, royalties, direct cost of goods sold, selling, general and administrative expense, marketing expense and depreciation and amortization.

Total direct cost of telephony services . Total direct cost of telephony services primarily consists of fees that we pay to third parties on an ongoing basis in order to provide our services. These fees include:

 

   

Access charges that we pay to other telephone companies to terminate domestic and international calls on the public switched telephone network. These costs represented approximately 43% and 60% of our direct cost of telephony services for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, with a portion of these payments ultimately being made to incumbent telephone companies. When a Vonage subscriber calls another Vonage subscriber, we do not pay an access charge.

 

   

The cost of leasing interconnections to route calls over the Internet and transfer calls between the Internet and the public switched telephone networks of various long distance carriers.

 

   

The cost of leasing from other telephone companies the telephone numbers that we provide to our customers. We lease these telephone numbers on a monthly basis.

 

   

The cost of co-locating our regional data connection point equipment in third-party facilities owned by other telephone companies, internet service providers, or collocation facility providers.

 

   

The cost of providing local number portability, which allows customers to move their existing telephone numbers from another provider to our service. Only regulated telecommunications providers have access to the centralized number databases that facilitate this process. Because we are not a regulated telecommunications provider, we must pay other telecommunications providers to process our local number portability requests.

 

   

The cost of complying with FCC regulations regarding VoIP emergency services, which require us to provide enhanced emergency dialing capabilities to transmit 911 calls for all of our customers.

 

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Taxes that we pay on our purchase of telecommunications services from our suppliers or imposed by government agencies such as Federal USF.

 

   

Royalties for use of third-party intellectual property.

Direct cost of goods sold.  Direct cost of goods sold primarily consists of costs that we incur when a customer first subscribes to our service. These costs include:

 

   

The cost of the equipment that we provide to customers who subscribe to our service through our direct sales channel in excess of activation fees. The remaining cost of customer equipment is deferred and amortized over the estimated average customer relationship period.

 

   

The cost of the equipment that we sell directly to retailers.

 

   

The cost of shipping and handling for customer equipment, together with the installation manual, that we ship to customers.

 

   

The cost of products or services that we give customers as promotions.

Selling, general and administrative expense. Selling, general and administrative expense includes:

 

   

Compensation and benefit costs for all employees, which is the largest component of selling, general and administrative expense and includes customer care, research and development, network engineering and operations, sales and marketing, executive, legal, finance, human resources and business development personnel.

 

   

Compensation expense related to stock-based awards to employees and directors.

 

   

Outsourced labor related to customer care and retail in-store support activities.

 

   

Transaction fees paid to credit card, debit card or ECP companies, which include a per transaction charge in addition to a percent of billings charge.

 

   

Rent and related expenses.

 

   

Professional fees for legal, accounting, tax, public relations, lobbying and development activities.

 

   

Litigation settlements.

Marketing expense.  Marketing expense consists of:

 

   

Advertising costs, which comprise a majority of our marketing expense and include online, television, print and radio advertising, direct mail, alternative media, promotions, sponsorships and inbound and outbound telemarketing.

 

   

Creative and production costs.

 

   

The costs to serve and track our online advertising.

 

   

Certain amounts we pay to retailers for newspaper insert advertising, product placement and activation commissions.

 

   

The cost associated with our customer referral program.

Depreciation and amortization expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses include:

 

   

Depreciation of our network equipment, furniture and fixtures, and employee computer equipment.

 

   

Amortization of leasehold improvements and purchased and internally developed software.

 

   

Amortization of intangible assets (patents).

Other Income (Expense)

Other Income (Expense) consists of:

 

   

Interest income on cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities.

 

   

Interest expense on notes payable, the Verizon patent litigation judgment and capital leases.

 

   

Amortization of deferred financing costs.

 

   

Accretion of convertible notes.

 

   

Gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment.

 

   

Debt conversion expense relating to the conversion of notes payable to equity.

 

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For 2007 and subsequent years through 2010, we will have annual interest expense on our convertible notes of at least $12.7 million unless the convertible notes are converted, repaid prior to maturity date or the holders require us to repurchase all or any portion of the convertible notes on December 16, 2008. This amount will increase if we pay interest in kind on these notes.

Key Operating Data

The following table contains certain key operating data that our management uses to measure the growth of our business and our operating performance:

 

     Three Months Ended
September 30,
    Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2007     2006     2007     2006  

Gross subscriber line additions

     299,978       359,148       869,311       1,158,044  

Net subscriber line additions

     77,763       204,591       300,100       788,806  

Subscriber lines (at period end)

     2,524,211       2,057,844       2,524,211       2,057,844  

Average monthly customer churn

     3.0 %     2.6 %     2.7 %     2.4 %

Average monthly revenue per line

   $ 28.24     $ 27.59     $ 28.66     $ 28.45  

Average monthly telephony services revenue per line

   $ 27.32     $ 26.52     $ 27.78     $ 27.10  

Average monthly total direct cost of telephony services per line

   $ 8.80     $ 7.06     $ 9.12     $ 8.00  

Marketing costs per gross subscriber line addition

   $ 206.30     $ 254.26     $ 253.81     $ 232.95  

Employees (excluding temporary help) (at period end)

     1,559       1,675       1,559       1,675  

Gross subscriber line additions.  Gross subscriber line additions for a particular period are calculated by taking the net subscriber line additions during that particular period and adding to that the number of subscriber lines that terminated during that period. This number does not include subscriber lines both added and terminated during the period, where termination occurred within the first 30 days after activation. The number does include, however, subscriber lines added during the period that are terminated within 30 days of activation but after the end of the period.

Net subscriber line additions.  Net subscriber line additions for a particular period reflect the number of subscriber lines at the end of the period, less the number of subscriber lines at the beginning of the period.

Subscriber lines.  Our subscriber lines include, as of a particular date, all subscriber lines from which a customer can make an outbound telephone call on that date. Our subscriber lines include fax lines and SoftPhones but do not include our virtual phone numbers or toll free numbers, which only allow inbound telephone calls to customers. We added approximately 500,000 subscribers from 2,057,844 subscriber lines as of September 30, 2006 to 2,524,211 as of September 30, 2007.

Average monthly customer churn.  Average monthly customer churn for a particular period is calculated by dividing the number of customers that terminated during that period by the simple average number of customers during the period, and dividing the result by the number of months in the period. The simple average number of customers during the period is the number of customers on the first day of the period, plus the number of customers on the last day of the period, divided by two. Terminations, as used in the calculation of churn statistics, do not include customers terminated during the period if termination occurred within the first 30 days after activation. Our average monthly customer churn was 3.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2007 compared to 2.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2006. We monitor churn on a daily basis and use it as an indicator of the level of customer satisfaction. Other companies may calculate churn differently, and their churn data may not be directly comparable to ours. Customers who have been with us for a year or more tend to have a significantly lower churn rate than customers who have not. Our churn will fluctuate over time and may increase due to competitive pressures, market place perception of our services and our ability to add future innovative products and services.

Average monthly revenue per line.  Average monthly revenue per line for a particular period is calculated by dividing our total revenue for that period by the simple average number of subscriber lines for the period, and dividing the result by the number of months in the period. The simple average number of subscriber lines for the period is the number of subscriber lines on the first day of the period, plus the number of subscriber lines on the last day of the period, divided by two. Our average monthly revenue per line was $28.24 for the three months ended September 30, 2007 compared to $27.59 for the three months ended September 30, 2006.

Average monthly telephony services revenue per line.  Average monthly telephony services revenue per line for a particular period is calculated by dividing our total telephony services revenue for that period by the simple average number of subscriber lines for the period, and dividing the result by the number of months in the period. Our average monthly telephony services revenue per line was $27.32 for the three months ended September 30, 2007 compared with $26.52 for the three months ended September 30, 2006.

Average monthly total direct cost of telephony services per line.  Average monthly direct total cost of telephony services per line for a particular period is calculated by dividing our direct cost of telephony services for that period by the simple average number of subscriber lines for the period, and dividing the result by the number of months in the period. We use the average monthly total direct cost of telephony services per line to evaluate how effective we are at managing our costs of providing service. Our average monthly total direct cost of telephony services per line increased from $7.06 for the three months ended September 30, 2006 to $8.80 for the three months ended September 30, 2007, primarily due to the Verizon royalty of $1.49 per line that we were required to put in escrow.

 

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Marketing cost per gross subscriber line addition.  Marketing cost per gross subscriber line addition is calculated by dividing our marketing expense for a particular period by the number of gross subscriber line additions during the period. Marketing expense does not include the cost of certain customer acquisition activities, such as rebates and promotions, which are accounted for as an offset to revenues, or customer equipment subsidies, which are accounted for as direct cost of goods sold. As a result, it does not represent the full cost to us of obtaining a new customer.

Employees . Employees represent the number of personnel that are on our payroll and exclude temporary or outsourced labor. We reduced our total workforce by approximately 10% in the second quarter of 2007 to reduce costs and improve efficiency. We anticipate incurring a charge of approximately $5.0 million in 2007, all of which would be for one-time employee termination benefits. We recorded $0.5 million and $4.2 million of such cost for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007.

 

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, as a percentage of consolidated operating revenues, our consolidated statement of operations for the periods indicated:

 

     Three Months Ended
September 30,
    Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2007     2006     2007     2006  

Operating Revenues:

        

Telephony services

   97 %   96 %   97 %   95 %

Customer equipment and shipping

   3     4     3     5  
                        
   100     100     100     100  
                        

Operating Expenses:

        

Direct cost of telephony services (excluding depreciation and amortization)

   27     26     27     28  

Royalty

   5     —       5     —    
                        

Total direct cost of telephony services

   32     26     32     28  

Direct cost of goods sold

   8     10     7     12  

Selling, general and administrative

   104     45     65     45  

Marketing

   29     56     36     63  

Depreciation and amortization

   4     4     4     4  
                        
   177     141     144     152  
                        

Loss from operations

   (77 )   (41 )   (44 )   (52 )
                        

Other Income (Expense):

        

Interest income

   2     5     2     3  

Interest expense

   (3 )   (1 )   (3 )   (3 )
                        
   (1 )   4     (1 )   —    

Loss before income tax benefit (expense)

   (78 )   (37 )   (45 )   (52 )

Income tax benefit (expense)

   —       —       —       —    
                        

Net loss

   (78 )%   (37 )%   (45 )%   (52 )%
                        

Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2006

Telephony Services Revenue, Direct Cost of Telephony Services and Royalty

 

     Three Months Ended
September 30,
  

$

Change

   %
Change
 
     2007    2006      
     (dollars in thousands)  

Telephony services

   $ 203,724    $ 155,611    $ 48,113    31 %

Direct cost of telephony services (excluding depreciation and amortization of $4,312 and $3,022, respectively)

     54,463      41,396      13,067    32 %

Royalty

     11,139      —        11,139    *  

Telephony services revenue.  The increase in telephony services revenue of $48.1 million, or 31%, was primarily due to an increase of $33.5 million in monthly subscription fees resulting from an increased number of subscriber lines, which grew from 2,057,844 at September 30, 2006 to 2,524,211 at September 30, 2007. Also, the growing number of subscriber lines generated additional revenue from activation fees of $1.1 million, increased revenue of $1.7 million from a higher volume of international calling, increased revenue of $0.4 million from customers exceeding their plan minutes and increased revenue of $14.4 million in regulatory fees we collected from customers, including $11.6 million of USF which we began collecting on October 1, 2006. Additionally, add-on features to our service plans generated an increase of $0.9 million. We also had a $0.8 million increase in the fees we charge for disconnecting our service, offset by a $0.5 million increase in credits we issued and a $4.5 million increase in bad debt expense partially attributable to the extension to our customer grace period for non-payment in the second quarter of 2007. We believe that telephony services revenue will continue to increase in 2007 compared to 2006, as we expect an increase in the number of subscribers. However, we do not expect the same rapid growth as in prior years.

 

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Direct cost of telephony services. The increase in direct cost of telephony services of $13.1 million, or 32%, was primarily due to the taxes that we pay on our purchase of telecommunications services from our suppliers and imposed by government agencies of $11.6 million for USF fees we began collecting on October 1, 2006. Our network costs, which includes costs for co-locating in other carriers’ facilities, for leasing phone numbers, routing calls on the Internet, and transferring calls to and from the Internet to the public switched telephone network, increased by $2.9 million. In addition, the cost of porting phone numbers for our customers increased by $0.4 million. This was offset by the decrease in termination cost of $1.6 million, primarily related to the decrease in domestic usage cost due to better per minute rates as a result of competition.

Royalty. The increase in royalty of $11.1 million was due to the judgment entered against us in our patent litigation with Verizon.

Customer Equipment and Shipping Revenue and Direct Cost of Goods Sold

 

     Three Months Ended
September 30,
    $
Change
   %
Change
 
     2007     2006       
     (dollars in thousands)  

Customer equipment and shipping

   $ 6,810     $ 6,235     $ 575    9 %

Direct cost of goods sold

     17,057       16,934       123    1 %
                         

Customer equipment and shipping gross loss

   $ (10,247 )   $ (10,699 )   $ 452    4 %
                         

Customer equipment and shipping revenue. Our customer equipment and shipping revenue increased by $0.6 million, or 9%, was due to a decrease in the number of rebates issued in 2007 of $3.7 million offset by a reduction in customer equipment sales of $2.7 million and $0.4 million in shipping revenue due to fewer period-over-period subscriber line additions and a free shipping promotion to attract former SunRocket customers to subscribe to our service.

Direct cost of goods sold. The increase in direct cost of goods sold of $0.1 million, or 1%, was due to an increase in the cost of customer equipment of $0.2 million offset by a decrease in shipping costs.

Selling, General and Administrative

 

     Three Months Ended
September 30,
  

$

Change

  

%

Change

 
     2007    2006      
     (dollars in thousands)  

Selling, general and administrative

   $ 217,939    $ 72,052    $ 145,887    202 %

Selling, general and administrative. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses of $145.9 million, or 202%, was due to several reasons. Settlement expenses for $133.0 million related to our patent litigation with Sprint, AT&T, Verizon and others were recorded in the quarter ended September 30, 2007 and account for a substantial majority of the increase. There were increases in recruiting expense and outsourced labor costs of $2.7 million offset by a reduction in salaries and employee-related benefits of $1.5 million. As we continued to add customers, our credit card, debit card and ECP fees have increased as well by $1.3 million. We also experienced an increase in professional fees of $6.3 million primarily related to legal fees for our patent infringement litigation, which was offset by the decrease in compensation expense for stock-based awards of $1.1 million. Also, our facility maintenance and other administrative expenses increased by $1.7 million as well. We started our Kiosk sales channels in 2007, which increased our expense by $3.0 million for operating and start-up related expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2007.

Marketing

 

     Three Months Ended
September 30,
  

$

Change

   

%

Change

 
     2007    2006     
     (dollars in thousands)  

Marketing

   $ 61,885    $ 91,316    $ (29,431 )   (32 )%

Marketing. The decrease in marketing expense of $29.4 million, or 32%, was driven by the plan to balance growth with profitability with decreases in television, online, retail, telemarketing and direct mail advertising, which was offset by an increase in alternative media advertising.

 

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Depreciation and Amortization

 

     Three Months Ended
September 30,
  

$

Change

  

%

Change

 
     2007    2006      
     (dollars in thousands)  

Depreciation and amortization

   $ 8,563    $ 5,946    $ 2,617    44 %

Depreciation and amortization. The increase in depreciation and amortization of $2.6 million, or 44%, was due to an increase in capital expenditures primarily for the continued expansion and upgrade of our network and amortization related to patents.

Other Income (Expense)

 

     Three Months Ended
September 30,
   

$

Change

   

%

Change

 
     2007     2006      
     (dollars in thousands)  

Interest income

   $ 4,238     $ 7,721       (3,483 )   (45 )%

Interest expense

     (5,424 )     (3,999 )     (1,425 )   (36 )%

Other, net

     (36 )     (108 )     72     67 %
                          
   $ (1,222 )   $ 3,614     $ (4,836 )  
                          

Interest income. The decrease in interest income of $3.5 million, or 45%, was due to the decrease in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities for the three months ended September 30, 2007 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2006.

Interest expense. Interest expense was primarily related to interest on our convertible notes that were issued in December 2005 and January 2006, which was the same for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006. The increase in interest expense was partially due to the interest expense on the Verizon judgment and royalty.

Provision for Income Taxes

We have net losses for financial reporting purposes. Recognition of deferred tax assets will require generation of future taxable income. There can be no assurance that we will generate sufficient taxable income in future years. Therefore, we established a valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets of $386.4 million as of September 30, 2007.

As of September 30, 2007, we had net operating loss carryforwards for U.S. federal and state tax purposes of $542.3 million and $521.6 million, respectively, expiring at various times from years ending 2020 through 2027. In addition, we had net operating loss carryforwards for Canadian tax purposes of $55.7 million expiring through 2014. We also had net operating loss carryforwards for United Kingdom tax purposes of $23.9 million with no expiration date.

Net Loss

 

     Three Months Ended
September 30,
   

$

Change

   

%

Change

 
     2007     2006      
     (dollars in thousands)  

Net loss

   $ (161,828 )   $ (62,184 )   $ (99,644 )   (160 )%

Net Loss. Based on the explanations described above, our net loss of $161.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 increased by $99.6 million, or 160%, from $62.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006.

 

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006

Telephony Services Revenue, Direct Cost of Telephony Services and Royalty

 

     Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  

$

Change

  

%

Change

 
     2007    2006      
     (dollars in thousands)  

Telephony services

   $ 593,561    $ 405,732    $ 187,829    46 %

Direct cost of telephony services (excluding depreciation and amortization of $12,616 and $8,707, respectively)

     162,364      119,753      42,611    36 %

Royalty

     32,606      —        32,606    *  

Telephony services revenue.  The increase in telephony services revenue of $187.8 million, or 46%, was primarily due to an increase of $136.8 million in monthly subscription fees resulting from an increased number of subscriber lines, which grew from 2,057,844 at September 30, 2006 to 2,524,211 at September 30, 2007. Also, the growing number of subscriber lines generated additional revenue from activation fees of $4.1 million, increased revenue of $7.1 million from a higher volume of international calling, increased revenue of $2.7 million from customers exceeding their plan minutes and increased revenue of $44.4 million in regulatory fees we collected from customers including $31.4 million of USF which we began collecting on October 1, 2006. Additionally, add-on features to our service plans generated an increase of $4.1 million. We also had a $4.6 million increase in the fees we charge for disconnecting our service offset by a $12.2 million increase in bad debt expense and a $4.3 million increase in credits we issued.

Direct cost of telephony services. The increase in direct cost of telephony services of $42.6 million, or 36%, was primarily due to the increase in the number of subscriber lines, which increased the costs that we pay other phone companies for terminating phone calls by $6.2 million. Our network costs, which includes costs for co-locating in other carriers’ facilities, for leasing phone numbers, routing calls on the Internet, and transferring calls to and from the Internet to the public switched telephone network, increased by $6.9 million and our costs for E911 increased by $0.5 million. In addition, the taxes that we pay on our purchase of telecommunications services from our suppliers and imposed by government agencies increased our costs by $30.6 million, including $31.4 million of USF fees paid, which we began collecting on October 1, 2006, offset by a decrease of $1.8 million based on a ruling we won in June 2007 that double charging of USF by our suppliers is inappropriate. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in the cost of porting phone numbers for our customers by $2.1 million.

Royalty. The increase in royalty of $32.6 million was due to the judgment entered against us in our patent litigation with Verizon.

Customer Equipment and Shipping Revenue and Direct Cost of Goods Sold

 

     Nine Months Ended
September 30,
   

$

Change

   

%

Change

 
     2007     2006      
     (dollars in thousands)  

Customer equipment and shipping

   $ 18,815     $ 20,202     $ (1,387 )   (7 )%

Direct cost of goods sold

     41,633       50,561       (8,928 )   (18 )%
                          

Customer equipment and shipping gross loss

   $ (22,818 )   $ (30,359 )   $ 7,541     25 %
                          

Customer equipment and shipping revenue. Our customer equipment and shipping revenue decreased by $1.4 million, or 7%, primarily due to a decrease in shipping revenue due to fewer period-over-period subscriber line additions.

Direct cost of goods sold. The decrease in direct cost of goods sold of $8.9 million, or 18%, was due to the period-over-period decrease in new subscriber line additions which decreased the customer equipment cost by $6.8 million and costs for shipping customer equipment by $2.1 million.

 

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Selling, General and Administrative

 

     Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  

$

Change

  

%

Change

 
     2007    2006      
     (dollars in thousands)  

Selling, general and administrative

   $ 397,133    $ 191,036    $ 206,097    108 %

Selling, general and administrative. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses of $206.1 million, or 108%, was due to several reasons. Settlement expenses of $133.0 million related to our patent litigation with Sprint, AT&T, Verizon and others were recorded in the quarter ended September 30, 2007 and account for a substantial majority of the increase. There was an increase in average employees for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2006. This increase resulted in higher wages, employee-related benefits and outsourced labor costs of $30.3 million offset by a reduction in recruiting costs of $1.1 million. Due to the 10% workforce reduction in April 2007, we incurred additional severance cost of $3.7 million in 2007. As we continued to add customers, our credit card, debit card and ECP fees have increased as well by $5.2 million. We also experienced an increase in professional fees of $23.8 million primarily related to legal fees for our patent infringement litigation offset by a reduction of $1.9 million in tax expense for what we potentially might owe for sales tax. Also, our facility maintenance and other administrative expenses increased by $7.4 million as well. We started our Kiosk sales channels in 2007, which increased our expense by $5.6 million for operating and start-up expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2007.

Marketing

 

     Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  

$

Change

   

%

Change

 
     2007    2006     
     (dollars in thousands)  

Marketing

   $ 220,641    $ 269,768    $ (49,127 )   (18 )%

Marketing. The decrease in marketing expense of $49.1 million, or 18%, was driven by the plan to balance growth with profitability with decreases in television, online, retail, telemarketing and direct mail advertising, which was offset by an increase in alternative media advertising.

Depreciation and Amortization

 

     Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  

$

Change

  

%

Change

 
     2007    2006      
     (dollars in thousands)  

Depreciation and amortization

   $ 24,613    $ 16,645    $ 7,968    48 %

Depreciation and amortization. The increase in depreciation and amortization of $8.0 million, or 48%, was due to an increase in capital expenditures primarily for the continued expansion and upgrade of our network and amortization related to patents.

Other Income (Expense)

 

     Nine Months Ended
September 30,
   

$

Change

   

%

Change

 
     2007     2006      
     (dollars in thousands)  

Interest income

   $ 15,066     $ 14,442       624     4 %

Interest expense

     (15,700 )     (13,977 )     (1,723 )   (12 )%

Other, net

     (69 )     (116 )     47     41 %
                          
   $ (703 )   $ 349     $ (1,052 )  
                          

Interest income. The increase in interest income of $0.6 million, or 4%, was due to an increase in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities primarily from our initial public offering in May 2006.

Interest expense. Interest expense was primarily related to interest on our convertible notes that were issued in December 2005 and January 2006. For the first quarter 2007, interest expense on our convertible notes was accrued at 5% which is the cash rate of interest compared to 7% for first quarter 2006 which is the in kind interest rate. The decrease of $0.7 million on our convertible notes interest expense was partially offset by interest expense of $2.4 million on the Verizon judgment and royalty.

 

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Net Loss

 

     Nine Months Ended
September 30,
   

$

Change

   

%

Change

 
     2007     2006      
     (dollars in thousands)  

Net loss

   $ (267,788 )   $ (221,480 )   $ (46,308 )   (21 )%

Net Loss. Based on the explanations described above, our net loss of $267.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 increased by $46.3 million, or 21%, from $221.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:

 

     Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2007     2006  
     (dollars in thousands)  

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

   $ (88,989 )   $ (160,692 )

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

     6,829       (297,200 )

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     474       479,349  

We have incurred significant operating losses since our inception. As a result, we have generated negative cash flows from operations, and have an accumulated deficit of $988.6 million at September 30, 2007. Our primary sources of funds have been proceeds from private placements of our preferred stock, a private placement of our convertible notes, an initial public offering of our common stock, operating revenues and borrowings under notes payable from our principal stockholder and Chairman, which were subsequently converted into shares of our preferred stock. In 2006, we raised $491.1 million in net proceeds from an initial public offering, or IPO, of our common stock which includes costs of $1.9 million incurred in 2005. We have used the proceeds from the IPO for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including funding operating losses.

Historically, our principal uses of cash have been to fund operating losses, which were initially driven by start-up costs and the costs of developing our technology, and, more recently, have been driven by litigation costs and marketing expense. We anticipate incurring net losses in the near future but intend to continue to pursue a balance of growth with profitability because we believe it will position us as a strong competitor in the long term. Although we believe we will achieve profitability in the future, we ultimately may not be successful and we may never achieve profitability. We believe that revenue and cash on hand will fund our operations for the next twelve months.

We will have to continue paying quarterly interest on our convertible notes. Interest will accrue on our convertible notes at a rate of 5% per annum and be payable quarterly in arrears. The interest rate will increase upon certain events, including if we decide to pay interest in kind rather than in cash and upon certain events of default. The notes are convertible into shares of our common stock. The convertible notes provide for customary events of default. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we paid interest in cash of $9.5 million and intend to pay interest in cash on these convertible notes in the future unless we do not have adequate cash available.

We also have contingent liabilities for state and local sales taxes. As of September 30, 2007, we had a reserve of $5.5 million. If our ultimate liability exceeds this amount, it could have a material adverse effect on us. However, we do not believe it would significantly impair our liquidity.

On October 7, 2007, we agreed to settle our ongoing patent dispute with Sprint and agreed to enter into a licensing arrangement under Sprint’s Voice over Packet patent portfolio. The agreement provides that we shall pay Sprint $5.0 million as a prepayment for telecommunications services to be purchased from Sprint by us and $75.0 million for a license for past and future use of Sprint’s patents. The total amount of $80.0 million was paid in the fourth quarter of 2007.

On October 25, 2007, we resolved our litigation and executed a settlement agreement with Verizon. The terms of the agreement require us to make a minimum payment of $80.0 million or a maximum payment of $120.0 million based upon the outcome of our pending appeal. Through September 30, 2007, we have recorded $84.0 million as a royalty and $3.4 million as interest. The remaining $32.6 million will be paid into escrow in the fourth quarter and will be released upon completion of our appeal.

On November 8, 2007, we reached an agreement in principle with AT&T to settle our IP litigation suit. The general terms of the agreement would require us to pay $39.0 million over a five year period.

These settlement payments have recently reduced our cash balance significantly.

As of September 30, 2007, we had convertible notes outstanding in the aggregate principal amount of $253.5 million. For 2007 and subsequent years through 2010, we will have annual interest expense on our convertible notes of at least $12.7 million unless the convertible notes are converted or repaid prior to maturity date. This amount will increase if we pay interest in kind on these notes. On December 16, 2008, the holders of our convertible notes may require us to repurchase all or a portion of our outstanding notes. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash or are unable to refinance or restructure our convertible notes, obtain additional debt or equity capital (if available on acceptable terms, or if at all), by December 16, 2008, we may not be able to meet our debt and other obligations and may be required to significantly reduce our marketing expense in 2008 or take certain other actions in order to meet these obligations. It may not be possible to accomplish any of these or other alternatives on a timely basis or on satisfactory terms, if at all.

 

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To the extent we change our plans, or if our expectations are wrong, we may need to seek additional funding by accessing the equity or debt capital markets. In addition, although we do not currently anticipate any acquisitions, we may need to seek additional funding if an attractive acquisition opportunity is presented to us. However, our significant losses to date may prevent us from obtaining additional funds on favorable terms or at all. Because of our historical net losses and our limited tangible assets, we do not fit traditional credit lending criteria, which, in particular, could make it difficult for us to obtain loans or to access the debt capital markets. For example, we discussed a revolving credit facility with commercial banks in the summer of 2005. As a result of those discussions, we believe most commercial lenders will require us to very significantly reduce our loss from operations before they will lend us money. In addition, the terms of our outstanding convertible notes provide for additional shares to be issued upon conversion if we sell shares of our common stock after our initial public offering at a price that is less than the average trading price of our common stock over the 10-day period prior to any such sale, which might limit our access to the capital markets. Further, the ability to raise additional capital through the issuance of equity securities may be impeded due to the events surrounding our IPO and our current stock price.

Capital expenditures

Capital expenditures are mainly for the purchase of network equipment and computer hardware as we continue to expand and upgrade our network. We continue to invest in networking equipment, technology and information technology infrastructure. Our capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 were $20.0 million. In addition, we incurred $12.7 million for the development of software assets.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006

Cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 was $89.0 million and consisted of a net loss of $267.8 million and $129.3 million provided by working capital and other activities, offset by adjustments for non-cash items of $49.5 million. Adjustments for non-cash items consisted primarily of depreciation and amortization of $24.6 million and $20.1 million for stock option compensation. Working capital and other activities primarily consisted of a net increase in cash of $131.0 million for accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liability primarily related to our patent litigation settlements and marketing, an increase of $9.0 million for deferred revenue net of deferred product costs and $3.4 million increase in inventory offset by a decrease in accounts receivable of $6.2 million and a decrease in cash of $8.0 million for prepaid expenses.

Cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was $160.7 million and consisted of a net loss of $221.5 million, offset by adjustments for non-cash items of $42.4 million and $18.4 million provided by working capital and other activities. Adjustments for non-cash items consisted primarily of depreciation and amortization of $16.6 million, $20.0 million for stock option compensation and $3.3 million for accrued interest primarily for our convertible notes. Working capital activities primarily consisted of a net increase in cash of $30.6 million for accounts payable and accrued expenses primarily related to marketing and $10.8 million for deferred revenue net of deferred product costs offset by a decrease in cash of $13.5 million for prepaid expenses, $6.6 million for accounts receivable and $2.8 million for inventory.

Cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 of $6.8 million was attributable to net sales and purchases of marketable securities of $140.7 million offset by capital expenditures and development of software assets of $32.7 million and $101.2 million for the increase in restricted cash.

Cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 of $297.2 million was attributable to net purchases and sales of marketable securities of $256.5 million and capital expenditures and development of software assets of $33.6 million, $5.3 million for the acquisition of three patents, and an increase in restricted cash of $1.9 million. Cash from our initial public offering in May 2006 and debt offering in December 2005 and January 2006 was invested in marketable securities, pending use to fund our loss from operations.

Cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 of $0.5 million was attributable to net proceeds received from the exercise of stock options, stock subscription receivable and monies received from customers that owed money through our Directed Share Program related to our initial public offering in May 2006 which was offset for capital lease payments.

Cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 of $479.3 million was primarily attributable to net proceeds from our initial public offering in May 2006 of $493.6 million, net of costs, offset by the purchase of treasury stock of $11.7 million related to customers that committed to purchase our common stock through our Directed Share Program and subsequently defaulted on payment and $4.0 million of net payments to Underwriters related to our Directed Share Program indemnification.

 

 

 

Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our significant accounting policies are summarized in Note 1 to our financial statements. The following describes our critical accounting policies and estimates:

 

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Use of Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including the following:

 

   

those related to the average period of service to a customer (the “customer relationship period”) used to amortize deferred revenue and deferred customer acquisition costs associated with customer activation;

 

   

the useful lives of property and equipment; and

 

   

assumptions used for the purpose of determining stock-based compensation using the Black-Scholes option model (“Model”), and on various other assumptions that we believed to be reasonable. The key inputs for this Model are stock price at valuation date, strike price for the option, the dividend yield, risk-free interest rate, life of option in years and volatility.

We base our estimates on historical experience, available market information, appropriate valuation methodologies, and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.

Revenue Recognition

Operating revenues consist of telephony services revenue and customer equipment (which enables our telephony services) and shipping revenue. The point in time at which revenue is recognized is determined in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, Revenue Recognition, and Emerging Issues Task Force Consensus No. 01-9, Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer (Including a Reseller of the Vendor’s Products).

Substantially all of our operating revenues are telephony services revenue, which is derived primarily from monthly subscription fees that customers are charged under our service plans. We also derive telephony services revenue from per minute fees for international calls and for any calling minutes in excess of a customer’s monthly plan limits. Monthly subscription fees are automatically charged to customers’ credit cards, debit cards or ECP in advance and are recognized over the following month when services are provided. Revenue generated from international calls and from customers exceeding allocated call minutes under limited minute plans are recognized as services are provided, that is, as minutes are used, and are billed to a customer’s credit cards, debit cards or ECP in arrears. As a result of our multiple billing cycles each month, we estimate the amount of revenue earned from international calls and from customers exceeding allocated call minutes under limited minute plans but not billed from the end of each billing cycle to the end of each reporting period. These estimates are based primarily upon historical minutes and have been consistent with our actual results.

We also generate revenue by charging a fee for activating service. Through September 2005, we charged an activation fee to customers in the direct channel. Beginning in July 2005, we also began charging an activation fee in the retail channel. Customer activation fees, along with the related customer acquisition amounts for customer equipment in the direct channel and for rebates and retailer commissions in the retail channel up to but not exceeding the activation fee, are deferred and amortized over the estimated average customer relationship period. The amortization of deferred customer equipment is recorded to direct cost of goods sold. The amortization of deferred rebates is recorded as a reduction to telephony services revenue. The amortization of deferred retailer commissions is recorded as marketing expense. For 2006 and 2007, the estimated customer relationship period has been determined to be 60 months.

We also provide rebates to customers who purchase their customer equipment from retailers and satisfy minimum service period requirements. These rebates in excess of activation fees are recorded as a reduction of revenue over the service period based upon the estimated number of customers that will ultimately earn and claim the rebates.

Inventory

Inventory consists of the cost of customer equipment and is stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined using the average cost method. We provide an inventory allowance for customer equipment that has been returned by customers but may not be able to be re-issued to new customers or returned to the manufacturer for credit.

Income Taxes

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts using tax rates in effect for the year the differences are expected to reverse. We have recorded a valuation allowance on the assumption that we will not generate taxable income.

 

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Net Operating Loss Carryforwards

As of September 30, 2007, we had net operating loss carryforwards for U.S. federal and state tax purposes of $542.3 million and $521.6 million, respectively, expiring at various times from years ending 2020 through 2027. In addition, we had net operating loss carryforwards for Canadian tax purposes of $55.7 million expiring through 2014. We also had net operating loss carryforwards for United Kingdom tax purposes of $23.9 million with no expiration date.

Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change” (generally defined as a greater than 50% change (by value) in its equity ownership over a three-year period), the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change of control net operating loss carry forward and other pre-change tax attributes against its post-change income may be limited. The Section 382 limitation is applied annually so as to limit the use of our pre-change net operating loss carryforwards to an amount that generally equals the value of our stock immediately before the ownership change multiplied by a designated federal long-term tax-exempt rate. In addition, we may be able to increase the base Section 382 limitation amount during the first five years following the ownership change to the extent it realizes built-in gains during that time period. A built-in gain generally is gain or income attributable to an asset that was held at the date of the ownership change and that had a fair market value in excess of the tax basis at the date of the ownership change. Section 382 provides that any unused Section 382 limitation amount can be carried forward and aggregated with the following year’s available net operating losses. Due to the cumulative impact of our equity issuances over the past three years, a change of ownership occurred upon the issuance of our previously outstanding Series E Preferred Stock at the end of April 2005. As a result, $171.1 million of the total U.S. net operating losses will be subject to an annual base limitation of $39.4 million. As noted above, we believe we may be able to increase the base Section 382 limitation for built-in gains during the first five years following the ownership change.

We evaluated the potential for additional Section 382 limitations in light of our initial public offering in May 2006. The results of our analysis confirms that no additional limitation in the utilization of the $371.1 million in domestic net operating losses accumulated since our Series E preferred stock issuance in April 2005 is necessary.

Stock-Based Compensation

Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123(R), we accounted for stock-based awards to employees and directors using the intrinsic value method in accordance with APB 25, as allowed under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, or SFAS 123. Under the intrinsic value method, no stock-based compensation expense for employee stock options had been recognized in our results of operations in prior periods unless the exercise price of the stock options granted to employees and directors was less than the fair market value of the underlying common stock at the date of grant. In accordance with the modified prospective transition method that we used in adopting SFAS 123(R), the consolidated financial statements prior to 2006 have not been restated to reflect, and do not include, the possible impact of SFAS 123(R).

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2007, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities , including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 (“SFAS 159”). SFAS 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. It also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to facilitate comparisons between entities that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and liabilities. SFAS 159 is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2007 (our 2008 fiscal year). We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this pronouncement on our consolidated financial statements.

On January 1, 2007, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48 (“FIN No. 48”), “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” which prescribes a comprehensive model for how a company should recognize, measure, present and disclose in its financial statements uncertain income tax positions that the Company has taken or expects to take on a tax return (including a decision whether to file or not to file a return in a particular jurisdiction). The adoption of FIN No. 48 on January 1, 2007 did not result in a cumulative-effect adjustment or have an effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157 “ Fair Value Measurements .” The Statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This Statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently assessing the impact of adopting SFAS 157 on our consolidated financial statements.

In September 2006, the FASB ratified the consensus on EITF Issue No. 06-3, “How Taxes Collected from Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities Should Be Presented in the Income Statement” (“EITF No. 06-3”). The scope of EITF No. 06-3 includes any tax assessed by a governmental authority that is directly imposed on a revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer and may include, but is not limited to, sales, use, value added, USF contributions and excise taxes. The Task Force concluded that entities should present these taxes in the income statement on either a gross or net basis, based on their accounting policy, which should be disclosed pursuant to APB Opinion No. 22, “Disclosure of Accounting Policies.” If such taxes are significant and are presented on a gross basis, the amount of those taxes should be disclosed. The consensus on EITF No. 06-3 will be effective

 

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for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2006. We currently record sales, use and excise taxes on a net basis in our consolidated financial statements whereas USF contributions are recorded on a gross basis in our consolidated financial statements. The adoption of EITF No. 06-3 did not have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations.

In February 2006, FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 155, Accounting for Certain Hybrid Instruments (“SFAS 155”). SFAS 155 allows financial instruments that have embedded derivatives to be accounted for as a whole (eliminating the need to bifurcate the derivative from its host) if the holder elects to account for the whole instrument on a fair value basis. This statement is effective for all financial instruments acquired or issued after the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. The adoption of SFAS 155 did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

 

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to financial market risks, including changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates.

Foreign Exchange Risk

Our exposure to foreign currency transaction gains and losses is the result of certain net receivables due from our foreign subsidiaries and customers being denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the British Pound, the Euro, and the Canadian Dollar. Our foreign subsidiaries conduct their businesses in local currency.

Interest Rate Risk

We invest in a variety of securities, consisting primarily of investments in interest-bearing demand deposit accounts with financial institutions, money market funds and highly liquid debt securities of corporations and municipalities. By policy, we limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer.

Investments in both fixed rate and floating rate interest earning products carry a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed rate securities may have their fair market value adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than predicted if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our income from investments may decrease in the future.

 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our interim chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2007. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2007, our interim chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Section 404 compliance project.

Beginning with the year ending December 31, 2007, Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 will require us to include management’s report on our internal control over financial reporting in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In order to achieve compliance with Section 404 within the prescribed period, management has been conducting a Section 404 compliance project under which management has hired dedicated internal Sarbanes-Oxley Act compliance personnel, third-party consultants, adopted a detailed project work plan and has commenced testing of controls over financial reporting. In connection with this compliance project, we have, among other things, implemented critical accounting policies and procedures and evaluated our information technology controls and procedures. It may be necessary to make changes to remediate any control deficiencies that may be identified as a result of our testing, as appropriate, in our internal control over financial reporting during the periods prior to December 31, 2007 in connection with our Section 404 compliance project.

Except as described above, for the three months ended September 30, 2007, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

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Part II—Other Information

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are subject to a number of lawsuits, government investigations and claims arising out of the conduct of our business. See a discussion of our litigation matters in Notes 2 and 4 of Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Except for the risk factor below, there have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 and Item 1A of our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31 and June 30, 2007.

Our cash flow and capital resources may not be sufficient for the future repurchase of our convertible notes

On December 16, 2008, the holders of our convertible notes may require us to repurchase all or a portion of our outstanding notes at a price in cash equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest. As of September 30, 2007, we had convertible notes outstanding in the aggregate principal amount of $253.5 million. Our ability to repurchase our convertible notes in December 2008 if required, depends on our ability to generate sufficient cash from our future operations or raise additional capital. Our future operating performance in turn depends in part on factors that are not within our control, including general economic, financial, competitive, market, regulatory and other factors. If our cash flow and capital resources are insufficient to fund our convertible note repayment obligations or if we are unable to refinance or restructure our notes or obtain additional debt or equity capital (if available on acceptable terms), we may face substantial liquidity challenges and we may be forced to reduce or delay capital or other material expenditures, including significantly reducing our marketing expenditures, or disposing of material assets to meet our potential repurchase and other obligations. However, in light of the uncertainties in the sub-prime mortgage market, these alternatives may not be capable of being accomplished on a timely basis or on satisfactory terms, if at all. Although we are currently evaluating our options with respect to our convertible notes, the inability to repurchase, refinance or restructure our convertible notes could lead to the bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency or liquidation of the company.

 

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Use of Proceeds from Initial Public Offering

On May 23, 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission declared effective our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-131659) relating to our IPO. After deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, our net proceeds from the offering equaled approximately $491.1 million, which includes $1.9 million of costs incurred in 2005. We have invested the net proceeds of the offering in short-term, interest bearing securities pending their use to fund our expansion, including funding marketing expenses and operating losses. There has been no material change in our planned use of proceeds from our IPO as described in our final prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b). Between May 23, 2006 and September 30, 2007, we used $111.5 million of the net proceeds from the IPO to fund operating activities and $32.7 million of such net proceeds for capital expenditures, software development and patent purchases.

 

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

 

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

None

 

Item 5. Other Information

None

 

Item 6. Exhibits

 

Exhibit
Number
  

Description of Exhibit

  3.1    Vonage Holdings Corp. Amended and Restated By-Laws, as amended(1)
10.1    Confidential Separation Agreement and General Release, dated May 17, 2007, between Vonage Holdings Corp. and Michael Snyder(1)
10.2    Form of Indemnification Agreement between Vonage Holdings Corp. and its directors and certain officers(1)
31.1    Certification of the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002(1)
31.2    Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002(1)
32.1    Certification of the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002(1)

(1) Filed herewith.

 

30


Table of Contents

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

    Vonage Holdings Corp.
Dated: November 14, 2007   By:  

/s/ JOHN S. REGO

    John S. Rego
    Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
   

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer and Duly

Authorized Officer)

 

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Table of Contents

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit
Number
  

Description of Exhibit

  3.1    Vonage Holdings Corp. Amended and Restated By-Laws, as amended(1)
10.1    Confidential Separation Agreement and General Release, dated May 17, 2007, between Vonage Holdings Corp. and Michael Snyder(1)
10.2    Form of Indemnification Agreement between Vonage Holdings Corp. and its directors and certain officers(1)
31.1    Certification of the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002(1)
31.2    Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002(1)
32.1    Certification of the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002(1)

(1) Filed herewith.

 

32

EXHIBIT 3.1

AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS

OF

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

Effective May 30, 2006


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page
ARTICLE I STOCKHOLDERS    1

1.1

   Place of Meetings    1

1.2

   Annual Meeting    1

1.3

   Special Meetings    1

1.4

   Notice of Meetings    1

1.5

   Voting List    1

1.6

   Quorum    2

1.7

   Adjournments    2

1.8

   Voting and Proxies    2

1.9

   Action at Meeting    2

1.10

   Nomination of Directors    3

1.11

   Notice of Business at Annual Meetings    5

1.12

   Conduct of Meetings    7

1.13

   No Action by Consent in Lieu of a Meeting    8
ARTICLE II DIRECTORS    8

2.1

   General Powers    8

2.2

   Number, Election and Qualification    8

2.3

   Classes of Directors    8

2.4

   Terms of Office    8

2.5

   Quorum    8

2.6

   Action at Meeting    8

2.7

   Removal    8

2.8

   Vacancies    9

2.9

   Resignation    9

2.10

   Regular Meetings    9

2.11

   Special Meetings    9

2.12

   Notice of Special Meetings    9

2.13

   Meetings by Conference Communications Equipment    9

2.14

   Action by Consent    9

2.15

   Committees    10

2.16

   Compensation of Directors    10
ARTICLE III OFFICERS    10

3.1

   Titles    10

3.2

   Election    10

3.3

   Qualification    10

3.4

   Tenure    11

3.5

   Resignation and Removal    11

3.6

   Vacancies    11

3.7

   Chairman of the Board    11

3.8

   Chief Strategist    11

3.9

   Chief Executive Officer    11

 

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3.10

   Vice Presidents    11

3.11

   Secretary and Assistant Secretaries    12

3.12

   Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers    12

3.13

   Salaries    12
ARTICLE IV CAPITAL STOCK    13

4.1

   Issuance of Stock    13

4.2

   Certificates of Stock    13

4.3

   Transfers    13

4.4

   Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates    13

4.5

   Record Date    14
ARTICLE V GENERAL PROVISIONS    14

5.1

   Fiscal Year    14

5.2

   Corporate Seal    14

5.3

   Waiver of Notice    14

5.4

   Voting of Securities    14

5.5

   Evidence of Authority    15

5.6

   Certificate of Incorporation    15

5.7

   Severability    15

5.8

   Pronouns    15
ARTICLE VI AMENDMENTS    15

 

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ARTICLE I

STOCKHOLDERS

1.1 Place of Meetings . All meetings of stockholders shall be held at such place as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Strategist or the Chief Executive Officer or, if not so designated, at the principal office of the corporation.

1.2 Annual Meeting . The annual meeting of stockholders for the election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting shall be held on a date and at a time designated by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Strategist or the Chief Executive Officer (which date shall not be a legal holiday in the place where the meeting is to be held). If no annual meeting is held in accordance with the foregoing provisions, a special meeting may be held in lieu of the annual meeting, and any action taken at that special meeting shall have the same effect as if it had been taken at the annual meeting, and in such case all references in these By-laws to the annual meeting of the stockholders shall be deemed to refer to such special meeting.

1.3 Special Meetings . Special meetings of stockholders for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Strategist or the Chief Executive Officer, but such special meetings may not be called by any other person or persons. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to matters relating to the purpose or purposes stated in the notice of meeting.

1.4 Notice of Meetings . Except as otherwise provided by law, notice of each meeting of stockholders, whether annual or special, shall be given not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given to stockholders, any notice shall be effective if given by a form of electronic transmission consented to (in a manner consistent with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware) by the stockholder to whom the notice is given. The notices of all meetings shall state the place, date and time of the meeting and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting. The notice of a special meeting shall state, in addition, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. If notice is given by mail, such notice shall be deemed given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at such stockholder’s address as it appears on the records of the corporation. If notice is given by electronic transmission, such notice shall be deemed given at the time specified in Section 232 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

1.5 Voting List . The Secretary shall prepare, at least 10 days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting: (a) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with notice of the meeting, or (b) during ordinary


business hours, at the principal place of business of the corporation. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.

1.6 Quorum . Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of the capital stock of the corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person, present by means of remote communication in a manner, if any, authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. A quorum, once established at a meeting, shall not be broken by the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum.

1.7 Adjournments . Any meeting of stockholders may be adjourned from time to time to any other time and to any other place at which a meeting of stockholders may be held under these By-laws by the stockholders present or represented at the meeting and entitled to vote, although less than a quorum, or, if no stockholder is present, by any officer entitled to preside at or to act as secretary of such meeting. It shall not be necessary to notify any stockholder of any adjournment of less than 30 days if the time and place of the adjourned meeting, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting, are announced at the meeting at which adjournment is taken, unless after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting. At the adjourned meeting, the corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.

1.8 Voting and Proxies . Each stockholder shall have one vote for each share of stock entitled to vote held of record by such stockholder and a proportionate vote for each fractional share so held, unless otherwise provided by law or the Certificate of Incorporation. Each stockholder of record entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may vote in person (including by means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting) or may authorize another person or persons to vote for such stockholder by a proxy executed or transmitted in a manner permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware by the stockholder or such stockholder’s authorized agent and delivered (including by electronic transmission) to the Secretary of the corporation. No such proxy shall be voted upon after three years from the date of its execution, unless the proxy expressly provides for a longer period.

1.9 Action at Meeting . When a quorum is present at any meeting, any matter other than the election of directors to be voted upon by the stockholders at such meeting shall be decided by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of stock present or represented and voting on such matter (or if there are two or more classes of stock entitled to vote as separate classes, then in the case of each such class, the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of stock of that class present or represented and voting on such matter), except when a different vote is required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws. When a quorum is present at any meeting, any election by stockholders of directors shall be determined by a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote on the election.

 

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1.10 Nomination of Directors .

(a) Except for (1) any directors entitled to be elected by the holders of preferred stock, (2) any directors elected in accordance with Section 2.8 hereof by the Board of Directors to fill a vacancy or newly-created directorships or (3) as otherwise required by applicable law or stock market regulation, only persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures in this Section 1.10 shall be eligible for election as directors. Nomination for election to the Board of Directors at a meeting of stockholders may be made (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) by any stockholder of the corporation who (x) complies with the notice procedures set forth in Section 1.10(b) and (y) is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of such notice and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting.

(b) To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be received in writing by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation as follows: (i) in the case of an election of directors at an annual meeting of stockholders, not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that (x) in the case of the annual meeting of stockholders of the corporation to be held in 2007 or (y) in the event that the date of the annual meeting in any other year is advanced by more than 20 days, or delayed by more than 60 days, from the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice must be so received not earlier than the 120th day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of (A) the 90th day prior to such annual meeting and (B) the tenth day following the day on which notice of the date of such annual meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting was made, whichever first occurs; or (ii) in the case of an election of directors at a special meeting of stockholders, provided that the Board of Directors has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, not earlier than the 120th day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of (x) the 90th day prior to such special meeting and (y) the tenth day following the day on which notice of the date of such special meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of such special meeting was made, whichever first occurs. In no event shall the adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting (or the public announcement thereof) commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice.

The stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth: (A) as to each proposed nominee (1) such person’s name, age, business address and, if known, residence address, (2) such person’s principal occupation or employment, (3) the class and number of shares of stock of the corporation which are beneficially owned by such person, and (4) any other information concerning such person that must be disclosed as to nominees in proxy solicitations pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”); (B) as to the stockholder giving the notice (1) such stockholder’s name and address, as they appear on the corporation’s books, (2) the class and number of shares of stock of the corporation which are owned, beneficially and of record, by such stockholder, (3) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and each proposed nominee and any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which the nomination(s) are to be made by such stockholder, (4) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person(s) named in its notice and (5) a representation

 

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whether the stockholder intends or is part of a group which intends (x) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to elect the nominee and/or (y) otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such nomination; and (C) as to the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is being made (1) such beneficial owner’s name and address, (2) the class and number of shares of stock of the corporation which are beneficially owned by such beneficial owner, (3) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such beneficial owner and each proposed nominee and any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which the nomination(s) are to be made and (4) a representation whether the beneficial owner intends or is part of a group which intends (x) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to elect the nominee and/or (y) otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such nomination. In addition, to be effective, the stockholder’s notice must be accompanied by the written consent of the proposed nominee to serve as a director if elected. The corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the corporation. A stockholder shall not have complied with this Section 1.10(b) if the stockholder (or beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made) solicits or does not solicit, as the case may be, proxies in support of such stockholder’s nominee in contravention of the representations with respect thereto required by this Section 1.10.

(c) The chairman of any meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination was made in accordance with the provisions of this Section 1.10 (including whether the stockholder or beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made solicited (or is part of a group which solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies in support of such stockholder’s nominee in compliance with the representations with respect thereto required by this Section 1.10), and if the chairman should determine that a nomination was not made in accordance with the provisions of this Section 1.10, the chairman shall so declare to the meeting and such nomination shall be disregarded.

(d) Except as otherwise required by law, nothing in this Section 1.10 shall obligate the corporation or the Board of Directors to include in any proxy statement or other stockholder communication distributed on behalf of the corporation or the Board of Directors information with respect to any nominee for director submitted by a stockholder.

(e) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 1.10, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the corporation to present a nomination, such nomination shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the corporation. For purposes of this Section 1.10, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be authorized by a written instrument executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such written instrument or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the written instrument or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders.

 

4


(f) For purposes of this Section 1.10, “public disclosure” shall include disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones New Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

1.11 Notice of Business at Annual Meetings .

(a) At any annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be (1) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (2) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (3) properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder. For business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, (i) if such business relates to the nomination of a person for election as a director of the corporation, the procedures in Section 1.10 must be complied with and (ii) if such business relates to any other matter, the business must constitute a proper matter under Delaware law for stockholder action and the stockholder must (x) have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 1.11(b) and (y) be a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of such notice and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such annual meeting.

(b) To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be received in writing by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that (x) in the case of the annual meeting of stockholders of the corporation to be held in 2007 or (y) in the event that the date of the annual meeting in any other year is advanced by more than 20 days, or delayed by more than 60 days, from the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice must be so received not earlier than the 120th day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of (A) the 90th day prior to such annual meeting and (B) the tenth day following the day on which notice of the date of such annual meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting was made, whichever first occurs. In no event shall the adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting (or the public announcement thereof) commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice.

The stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (1) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, the text relating to the business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the By-laws, the language of the proposed amendment), and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (2) the name and address, as they appear on the corporation’s books, of the stockholder proposing such business, and the name and address of the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, (3) the class and number of shares of stock of the corporation which are owned, of record and beneficially, by the stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, (4) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder or such beneficial owner, if any, and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder and

 

5


any material interest of the stockholder or such beneficial owner, if any, in such business, (5) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such business before the meeting and (6) a representation whether the stockholder or the beneficial owner, if any, intends or is part of a group which intends (x) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal and/or (y) otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such proposal. Notwithstanding anything in these By-laws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at any annual meeting of stockholders except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.11; provided that any stockholder proposal which complies with Rule 14a-8 of the proxy rules (or any successor provision) promulgated under the Exchange Act, and is to be included in the corporation’s proxy statement for an annual meeting of stockholders shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of this Section 1.11. A stockholder shall not have complied with this Section 1.11(b) if the stockholder (or beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made) solicits or does not solicit, as the case may be, proxies in support of such stockholder’s proposal in contravention of the representations with respect thereto required by this Section 1.11.

(c) The chairman of any meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether business was properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of this Section 1.11 (including whether the stockholder or beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made solicited (or is part of a group which solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies in support of such stockholder’s proposal in compliance with the representation with respect thereto required by this Section 1.11), and if the chairman should determine that business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of this Section 1.11, the chairman shall so declare to the meeting and such business shall not be brought before the meeting.

(d) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 1.11, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual meeting of stockholders of the corporation to present business, such business shall not be considered, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the corporation. For purposes of this Section 1.11, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be authorized by a written instrument executed by the such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as a proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such written instrument or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the written instrument or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders.

(e) For purposes of this Section 1.11, “public disclosure” shall include disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones New Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

 

6


1.12 Conduct of Meetings .

(a) Meetings of stockholders shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board or, in the Chairman’s absence, by the Chief Executive Officer, or in the Chief Executive Officer’s absence, by a chairman designated by the Board of Directors, or in the absence of such designation by a chairman chosen by vote of the stockholders at the meeting. The Secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in the Secretary’s absence the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.

(b) The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution such rules, regulations and procedures for the conduct of any meeting of stockholders of the corporation as it shall deem appropriate including, without limitation, such guidelines and procedures as it may deem appropriate regarding the participation by means of remote communication of stockholders and proxyholders not physically present at a meeting. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules, regulations and procedures as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iii) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as shall be determined; (iv) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.

(c) The chairman of the meeting shall announce at the meeting when the polls for each matter to be voted upon at the meeting will be opened and closed. If no announcement is made, the polls shall be deemed to have opened when the meeting is convened and closed upon the final adjournment of the meeting. After the polls close, no ballots, proxies or votes or any revocations or changes thereto may be accepted.

(d) In advance of any meeting of stockholders, the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer shall appoint one or more inspectors of election to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof. One or more other persons may be designated as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is present, ready and willing to act at a meeting of stockholders, the chairman of the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Unless otherwise required by law, inspectors may be officers, employees or agents of the corporation. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of such inspector’s duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of such inspector’s ability. The inspector shall have the duties prescribed by law and shall take charge of the polls and, when the vote is completed, shall make a certificate of the result of the vote taken and of such other facts as may be required by law.

 

7


1.13 No Action by Consent in Lieu of a Meeting . Stockholders of the corporation may not take any action by written consent in lieu of a meeting.

ARTICLE II

DIRECTORS

2.1 General Powers . The business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of a Board of Directors, who may exercise all of the powers of the corporation except as otherwise provided by law or the Certificate of Incorporation.

2.2 Number, Election and Qualification . Subject to the rights of holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors, the number of directors of the Corporation shall be established by the Board of Directors. Election of directors need not be by written ballot. Directors need not be stockholders of the corporation.

2.3 Classes of Directors . Subject to the rights of holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors, the Board of Directors shall be and is divided into three classes: Class I, Class II and Class III. The allocation of directors among classes shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.

2.4 Terms of Office . Subject to the rights of holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors, each director shall serve for a term ending on the date of the third annual meeting following the annual meeting at which such director was elected; provided, that each director initially appointed to Class I shall serve for a term expiring at the corporation’s annual meeting of stockholders held in 2007; each director initially appointed to Class II shall serve for a term expiring at the corporation’s annual meeting of stockholders held in 2008; and each director initially appointed to Class III shall serve for a term expiring at the corporation’s annual meeting of stockholders held in 2009; provided further, that the term of each director shall continue until the election and qualification of a successor and be subject to such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal.

2.5 Quorum . The greater of (a) a majority of the directors at any time in office and (b) one-third of the number of directors fixed by the Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum. If at any meeting of the Board of Directors there shall be less than such a quorum, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

2.6 Action at Meeting . Every act or decision done or made by a majority of the directors present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present shall be regarded as the act of the Board of Directors unless a greater number is required by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation.

2.7 Removal . Subject to the rights of holder of any series of Preferred Stock, directors of the corporation may be removed only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% of the votes which all the stockholders would be entitled to cast in any annual election of directors or class of directors.

 

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2.8 Vacancies . Subject to the rights of holder of any series of Preferred Stock, any vacancy or newly-created directorships on the Board of Directors, however occurring, shall be filled only by vote of a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director and shall not be filled by the stockholders. A director elected to fill a vacancy shall hold office until the next election of the class for which such director shall have been chosen, subject to the election and qualification of a successor or until such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal.

2.9 Resignation . Any director may resign by delivering a resignation in writing or by electronic transmission to the corporation at its principal office or to the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Strategist, the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless it is specified to be effective at some later time or upon the happening of some later event.

2.10 Regular Meetings . Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and place as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors; provided that any director who is absent when such a determination is made shall be given notice of the determination. A regular meeting of the Board of Directors may be held without notice immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders.

2.11 Special Meetings . Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time and place designated in a call by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Strategist, the Chief Executive Officer, two or more directors, or by one director in the event that there is only a single director in office.

2.12 Notice of Special Meetings . Notice of any special meeting of directors shall be given to each director by the Secretary or by the officer or one of the directors calling the meeting. Notice shall be duly given to each director (a) in person or by telephone at least 24 hours in advance of the meeting, (b) by sending written notice via reputable overnight courier, telecopy or electronic mail, or delivering written notice by hand, to such director’s last known business, home or electronic mail address at least 48 hours in advance of the meeting, or (c) by sending written notice via first-class mail to such director’s last known business or home address at least 72 hours in advance of the meeting. A notice or waiver of notice of a meeting of the Board of Directors need not specify the purposes of the meeting.

2.13 Meetings by Conference Communications Equipment . Directors may participate in meetings of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

2.14 Action by Consent . Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent to the action in writing or by electronic transmission, and the written consents or electronic transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.

 

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2.15 Committees . The Board of Directors may designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members of the committee present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors and subject to the provisions of law, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it. Each such committee shall keep minutes and make such reports as the Board of Directors may from time to time request. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine, any committee may make rules for the conduct of its business, but unless otherwise provided by the directors or in such rules, its business shall be conducted as nearly as possible in the same manner as is provided in these By-laws for the Board of Directors. Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, these By-laws, or the resolution of the Board of Directors designating the committee, a committee may create one or more subcommittees, each subcommittee to consist of one or more members of the committee, and delegate to a subcommittee any or all of the powers and authority of the committee.

2.16 Compensation of Directors . Directors may be paid such compensation for their services and such reimbursement for expenses of attendance at meetings as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the corporation or any of its parent or subsidiary entities in any other capacity and receiving compensation for such service.

ARTICLE III

OFFICERS

3.1 Titles . The officers of the corporation shall consist of a Chief Strategist, a Chief Executive Officer, a Secretary, a Treasurer and such other officers with such other titles as the Board of Directors shall determine, including a Chairman of the Board and one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Secretaries. The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers as it may deem appropriate.

3.2 Election . The Chief Strategist, Chief Executive Officer, Treasurer and Secretary shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors at its first meeting following the annual meeting of stockholders. Other officers may be appointed by the Board of Directors at such meeting or at any other meeting.

3.3 Qualification . No officer need be a stockholder. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.

 

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3.4 Tenure . Except as otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-laws, each officer shall hold office until such officer’s successor is elected and qualified, unless a different term is specified in the resolution electing or appointing such officer, or until such officer’s earlier death, resignation or removal.

3.5 Resignation and Removal . Any officer may resign by delivering a written resignation to the corporation at its principal office or to the Chief Strategist, the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless it is specified to be effective at some later time or upon the happening of some later event.

Any officer may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by vote of a majority of the directors then in office.

Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine, no officer who resigns or is removed shall have any right to any compensation as an officer for any period following such officer’s resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal, whether such officer’s compensation be by the month or by the year or otherwise, unless such compensation is expressly provided for in a duly authorized written agreement with the corporation.

3.6 Vacancies . The Board of Directors may fill any vacancy occurring in any office for any reason and may, in its discretion, leave unfilled for such period as it may determine any offices other than those of Chief Strategist, Chief Executive Officer, Treasurer and Secretary. Each such successor shall hold office for the unexpired term of such officer’s predecessor and until a successor is elected and qualified, or until such officer’s earlier death, resignation or removal.

3.7 Chairman of the Board . The Board of Directors may appoint from its members a Chairman of the Board, who need not be an employee or officer of the corporation. If the Board of Directors appoints a Chairman of the Board, such Chairman shall perform such duties and possess such powers as are assigned by the Board of Directors. Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and stockholders.

3.8 Chief Strategist . The Chief Strategist, as and if appointed from time to time, shall report to the Board of Directors and shall have responsibility for the corporation’s overall strategy, technology matters, employee culture and public relations and such other responsibilities, powers and authority as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.

3.9 Chief Executive Officer . The Chief Executive Officer shall report to the Board of Directors and shall be responsible for the day-to-day management and business operations of the corporation and such other duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and stockholders.

3.10 Vice Presidents . Any Vice President shall perform such duties and possess such powers as the Board of Directors, the Chief Strategist or the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time prescribe. In the absence or inability of the Chief Executive Officer to act, the Board of Directors may designate any Executive Vice President to assume the powers and discharge all of the duties of the Chief Executive Officer, subject to the control of the Board of Directors.

 

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3.11 Secretary and Assistant Secretaries . The Secretary shall perform such duties and shall have such powers as the Board of Directors, the Chief Strategist or the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time prescribe. In addition, the Secretary shall perform such duties and have such powers as are incident to the office of the secretary, including without limitation the duty and power to give notices of all meetings of stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, to attend all meetings of stockholders and the Board of Directors and keep a record of the proceedings, to maintain a stock ledger and prepare lists of stockholders and their addresses as required, to be custodian of corporate records and the corporate seal and to affix and attest to the same on documents.

Any Assistant Secretary shall perform such duties and possess such powers as the Board of Directors, the Chief Strategist, the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary may from time to time prescribe. In the event of the absence, inability or refusal to act of the Secretary, the Assistant Secretary (or if there shall be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Board of Directors) shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary.

In the absence of the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary at any meeting of stockholders or directors, the chairman of the meeting shall designate a temporary secretary to keep a record of the meeting.

3.12 Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers . The Treasurer shall perform such duties and shall have such powers as may from time to time be assigned by the Board of Directors, the Chief Strategist or the Chief Executive Officer. In addition, the Treasurer shall perform such duties and have such powers as are incident to the office of treasurer, including without limitation the duty and power to keep and be responsible for all funds and securities of the corporation, to deposit funds of the corporation in depositories selected in accordance with these By-laws, to disburse such funds as ordered by the Board of Directors, to make proper accounts of such funds, and to render as required by the Board of Directors statements of all such transactions and of the financial condition of the corporation.

The Assistant Treasurers shall perform such duties and possess such powers as the Board of Directors, the Chief Strategist, the Chief Executive Officer or the Treasurer may from time to time prescribe. In the event of the absence, inability or refusal to act of the Treasurer, the Assistant Treasurer (or if there shall be more than one, the Assistant Treasurers in the order determined by the Board of Directors) shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer.

3.13 Salaries . Officers of the corporation shall be entitled to such salaries, compensation or reimbursement as shall be fixed or allowed from time to time by the Board of Directors.

 

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ARTICLE IV

CAPITAL STOCK

4.1 Issuance of Stock . Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the whole or any part of any unissued balance of the authorized capital stock of the corporation or the whole or any part of any shares of the authorized capital stock of the corporation held in the corporation’s treasury may be issued, sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of by vote of the Board of Directors in such manner, for such lawful consideration and on such terms as the Board of Directors may determine.

4.2 Certificates of Stock . Every holder of stock of the corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate, in such form as may be prescribed by law and by the Board of Directors, certifying the number and class of shares owned by such holder in the corporation. Each such certificate shall be signed by, or in the name of the corporation by, the Chairman of the Board or a Vice President, and the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the corporation. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile.

Each certificate for shares of stock which are subject to any restriction on transfer pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, these By-laws, applicable securities laws or any agreement among any number of stockholders or among such holders and the corporation shall have conspicuously noted on the face or back of the certificate either the full text of the restriction or a statement of the existence of such restriction.

There shall be set forth on the face or back of each certificate representing shares of such class or series of stock of the corporation a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests a copy of the full text of the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.

4.3 Transfers . Except as otherwise established by rules and regulations adopted by the Board of Directors, and subject to applicable law, shares of stock may be transferred on the books of the corporation by the surrender to the corporation or its transfer agent of the certificate representing such shares properly endorsed or accompanied by a written assignment or power of attorney properly executed, and with such proof of authority or the authenticity of signature as the corporation or its transfer agent may reasonably require. Except as may be otherwise required by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-laws, the corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock as shown on its books as the owner of such stock for all purposes, including the payment of dividends and the right to vote with respect to such stock, regardless of any transfer, pledge or other disposition of such stock until the shares have been transferred on the books of the corporation in accordance with the requirements of these By-laws.

4.4 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates . The corporation may issue a new certificate of stock in place of any previously issued certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors may prescribe, including the presentation of reasonable evidence of such loss, theft or destruction and the giving of such indemnity and posting of such bond as the Board of Directors may require for the protection of the corporation or any transfer agent or registrar.

 

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4.5 Record Date . The Board of Directors may fix in advance a date as a record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action. Such record date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting, nor more than 60 days prior to any other action to which such record date relates.

If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day before the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day before the day on which the meeting is held. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating to such purpose.

A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

ARTICLE V

GENERAL PROVISIONS

5.1 Fiscal Year . Except as from time to time otherwise designated by the Board of Directors, the fiscal year of the corporation shall begin on the first day of January of each year and end on the last day of December in each year.

5.2 Corporate Seal . The corporate seal shall be in such form as shall be approved by the Board of Directors.

5.3 Waiver of Notice . Whenever notice is required to be given by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-laws, a written waiver signed by the person entitled to notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before, at or after the time stated in such notice, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

5.4 Voting of Securities . Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise designate, the Chief Strategist, the Chief Executive Officer or the Treasurer may waive notice of, and act as, or appoint any person or persons to act as, proxy or attorney-in-fact for this corporation (with or without power of substitution) at any meeting of stockholders or securityholders of any other entity, the securities of which may be held by this corporation.

 

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5.5 Evidence of Authority . A certificate by the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, or a temporary Secretary, as to any action taken by the stockholders, directors, a committee or any officer or representative of the corporation shall as to all persons who rely on the certificate in good faith be conclusive evidence of such action.

5.6 Certificate of Incorporation . All references in these By-laws to the Certificate of Incorporation shall be deemed to refer to the Certificate of Incorporation of the corporation, as amended and in effect from time to time.

5.7 Severability . Any determination that any provision of these By-laws is for any reason inapplicable, illegal or ineffective shall not affect or invalidate any other provision of these By-laws.

5.8 Pronouns . All pronouns used in these By-laws shall be deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine or neuter, singular or plural, as the identity of the person or persons may require.

ARTICLE VI

AMENDMENTS

These By-laws may be altered, amended or repealed, in whole or in part, or new By-laws may be adopted by the Board of Directors or by the stockholders as provided in the Certificate of Incorporation.

 

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AMENDMENT TO

AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS OF

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

The Amended and Restated By-laws of Vonage Holdings Corp. (the “By-laws”) are hereby amended as follows:

1. ARTICLE IV, Section 4.2 of the By-laws is amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

4.2 Stock Certificates; Uncertificated Shares . The shares of the corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Every holder of stock of the corporation represented by certificates shall be entitled to have a certificate, in such form as may be prescribed by law and by the Board of Directors, representing the number of shares held by such holder registered in certificate form. Each such certificate shall be signed in a manner that complies with Section 158 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

Each certificate for shares of stock which are subject to any restriction on transfer pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, these By-laws, applicable securities laws or any agreement among any number of stockholders or among such holders and the corporation shall have conspicuously noted on the face or back of the certificate either the full text of the restriction or a statement of the existence of such restriction.

If the corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the powers, designations, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of each certificate representing shares of such class or series of stock, provided that in lieu of the foregoing requirements there may be set forth on the face or back of each certificate representing shares of such class or series of stock a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests a copy of the full text of the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.

Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of uncertificated stock, the corporation shall send to the registered owner thereof a written notice containing the information required to be set forth or stated on certificates pursuant to Sections 151, 202(a) or 218(a) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or, with respect to Section 151 of General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.


2. ARTICLE IV, Section 4.3 of the By-laws is amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

4.3 Transfers . Shares of stock of the corporation shall be transferable in the manner prescribed by law and in these By-laws. Transfers of shares of stock of the corporation shall be made only on the books of the corporation or by transfer agents designated to transfer shares of stock of the corporation. Subject to applicable law, shares of stock represented by certificates shall be transferred only on the books of the corporation by the surrender to the corporation or its transfer agent of the certificate representing such shares properly endorsed or accompanied by a written assignment or power of attorney properly executed, and with such proof of authority or the authenticity of signature as the corporation or its transfer agent may reasonably require. Except as may be otherwise required by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-laws, the corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock as shown on its books as the owner of such stock for all purposes, including the payment of dividends and the right to vote with respect to such stock, regardless of any transfer, pledge or other disposition of such stock until the shares have been transferred on the books of the corporation in accordance with the requirements of these By-laws.

3. ARTICLE IV of the By-laws is amended by adding a new Section 4.6 to read as follows:

4.6 Regulations . The issue, transfer, conversion and registration of shares of stock of the corporation shall be governed by such other regulations as the Board of Directors may establish.

4. Except as aforesaid, the By-laws shall remain in full force and effect.

 

Adopted by the Board of Directors of
Vonage Holdings Corp. on September 20, 2007

 

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EXHIBIT 10.1

CONFIDENTIAL SEPARATION AGREEMENT AND GENERAL RELEASE

This CONFIDENTIAL SEPARATION AGREEMENT and GENERAL RELEASE (hereinafter referred to as the “Agreement”) is made and entered into by and between Michael Snyder (“Executive”) and Vonage Holdings Corp. (defined herein to include, its affiliates, subsidiaries, predecessors, and successors and hereinafter referred to as “Vonage” or “the Company”), effective as of April 12, 2007 (the “Effective Date”). Executive and Vonage are hereafter referred to as the “Parties.”

WHEREAS, Executive was employed by Vonage as its Chief Executive Officer;

WHEREAS, Executive and Vonage entered into an Employment Agreement dated February 7, 2006 (“Employment Agreement”);

WHEREAS, Executive has resigned from his position as Chief Executive Officer effective April 11, 2007, which resignation, pursuant to Section 4(e) of the Employment Agreement, constituted Executive’s resignation as a member of all applicable boards of directors, boards of trustees, and executive and/or management committees of Vonage of which he was a member, also effective April 11, 2007;

WHEREAS, for the purposes of this Agreement, and assuming that it is executed by Executive and is not rescinded by Executive or otherwise caused by Executive to be held invalid for any reason, the Executive’s resignation, under the circumstances of his separation, will be treated in the same manner as a resignation for “Good Reason” within the meaning of the Employment Agreement;

WHEREAS, Vonage and Executive have read this Agreement and have had the opportunity to review it with their respective legal counsel; and

WHEREAS, Vonage and Executive desire to resolve any and all issues and claims between them including without limitation Executive’s employment and his separation therefrom, as well as any and all issues and claims arising from or relating to the Employment Agreement, and to reach an amicable accord and settlement concerning their future relationship.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and mutual promises herein contained, it is agreed as follows:

1. Separation. Executive ceased performing duties for, and resigned from, Vonage on April 11, 2007 and Executive’s services on any and all boards of directors, boards of trustees, and executive and/or management committees of Vonage of which he was a member ended on such date. The terms of Executive’s separation from Vonage are now being agreed to, as described herein.

2. Salary. Executive agrees that Vonage has no obligation to make, and will not make, any additional salary payments to Executive that have not already been paid, except for any and all earned, accrued or owed amounts, but not yet paid, to which Executive is entitled up to and

 

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including April 11, 2007, including, but not limited to, earned and unpaid salary, unused accrued vacation and unreimbursed reasonable expenses (submitted in accordance with and payable under the Company’s expense reimbursement policy), payable in a lump sum within five (5) days after the revocation period described in Section 19(d) below. Any further entitlement that Executive may have to compensation shall be governed by the terms of this Agreement.

3. Non-Admission. It is specifically understood and agreed that this Agreement does not constitute and is not to be construed as an admission or evidence of (i) any violation by Vonage or Executive, of any federal, state, or municipal law, statute, or regulation, or principle of common law or equity, (ii) the commission by Executive or Vonage of any other actionable wrong, or (iii) any wrongdoing of any kind whatsoever on the part of Executive or Vonage, and shall not be offered, argued, or used for that purpose.

4. General Release.

(a) In exchange for the consideration provided in this Agreement, and as a material inducement for both Parties entering into this Agreement, Executive for himself, his heirs, executors, administrators, trustees, legal representatives, successors and assigns (hereinafter collectively referred to for purposes of this Paragraph 4 as “Executive”) hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives, releases, and forever discharges Vonage, and its past, present and future affiliates and related entities, parent and subsidiary corporations, divisions, shareholders, predecessors, future officers, directors, trustees, fiduciaries, administrators, executives, agents, representatives, successors and assigns (hereinafter collectively referred to for purposes of this Paragraph 4 as “Vonage”) for any and all waivable claims, charges, demands, sums of money, actions, rights, promises, agreements, causes of action, obligations and liabilities of any kind or nature whatsoever, at law or in equity, whether known or unknown, existing or contingent, suspected or unsuspected, apparent or concealed, foreign or domestic (hereinafter collectively referred to as “claims”) which he has now or in the future may claim to have against Vonage based upon or arising out of any facts, acts, conduct, omissions, transactions, occurrences, contracts, claims, events, causes, matters or things of any conceivable kind or character existing or occurring or claimed to exist or to have occurred prior to the Effective Date in any way whatsoever relating to or arising out of Executive’s employment with Vonage. Such claims include, but are not limited to, claims arising under including any claims under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, 29 U.S.C. § 621 et seq. ; Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq. ; the Americans with Disabilities Act, 29 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq. ; the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, 29 U.S.C. § 2601 et seq. ; the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, 29 U.S.C. § 1001 et seq. ; any other federal, state or local statutory laws including, but not limited to, the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination, the Conscientious Employee Protection Act, the New Jersey Wage Payment Law, the New Jersey Family Leave Act, the common law of the State of New Jersey; any claim under any local ordinance, including, but not limited to, any ordinance addressing fair employment practices; any common law claims; and any and all claims for counsel fees and costs.

(b) To the fullest extent permitted by law, and subject to the provisions of Paragraphs 4(d) and 4(e) below, Executive represents and affirms that he has not filed or caused to be filed on his behalf any claim for relief against Vonage or any releasee and, to the best of his knowledge and belief, no outstanding claims for relief have been filed or asserted against Vonage or any releasee on his behalf.

 

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(c) In waiving and releasing any and all waivable claims whether or not now known, Executive understands that this means that, if he later discovers facts different from or in addition to those facts currently known by him, or believed by him to be true, the waivers and releases of this Agreement will remain effective in all respects — despite such different or additional facts and his later discovery of such facts, even if he would not have agreed to this Agreement if he had prior knowledge of such facts.

(d) Nothing in this Paragraph, or elsewhere in this Agreement, prevents or prohibits Executive from filing a claim with a government agency, such as the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, that is responsible for enforcing a law on behalf of the government. However, Executive understands that, because Executive is waiving and releasing, among other things, any and all claims for monetary damages and any other form of personal relief (per Paragraph 4(a) above), Executive may only seek and receive non-monetary forms of relief through any such claim.

(e) Nothing in this Paragraph, or elsewhere in this Agreement, is intended as, or shall be deemed or operate as, a release by Executive of his rights to indemnification relating to his performance of services as an employee, officer and/or board member of Vonage, including, but not limited to, those rights to indemnification as are set forth in Article EIGHTH of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Vonage Holdings Corp. dated as of May 30, 2006 (attached hereto and incorporated herein as Exhibit A). Accordingly, nothing in this Paragraph, or elsewhere in this Agreement, prevents or prohibits Executive from filing a future claim for indemnification. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the representations contained in this Paragraph 4(e) are intended as recitals only and are not intended to provide Executive any additional contractual rights beyond those contained in said Article EIGHTH.

5. Consideration and Post-Employment Benefits. Vonage, for and in consideration of the undertakings of Executive set forth herein and pursuant to Section 4(b)(i) of the Employment Agreement, and intending to be legally bound, and provided that Executive does not revoke this Agreement pursuant to Paragraph 19(d) below, agrees that Vonage will pay the following to Executive: (1) One Hundred Fifty Thousand Six Hundred Eighty-Four and 93/100 Dollars ($150,684.93) which constitutes the Executive’s pro-rata annual bonus for 2007 and which will be paid in a lump sum payment on the date such bonus would have been payable to Executive had he remained employed by the Company but, in no event, later than March 15, 2008, (2) One Million One Hundred Thousand and 00/100 Dollars ($1,100,000.00) which is equal to two (2) times Executive’s current annual base salary and which will be paid in substantially equal regular payroll installments, commencing within five (5) days after the revocation period described in Section 19(d) below, over the six (6) month period immediately following the Effective Date, (3) Forty-Five Thousand Eight Hundred Thirty-Three and 33/100 Dollars ($45,833.33) which is equal to one month’s current annual base salary and which will be paid within five (5) days after the revocation period described in Section 19(d) below, and (4) at the request of Executive, an amount not exceeding Fifty Thousand and 00/100 Dollars ($50,000.00) for outplacement services for Executive, as described in Section 4(b)(i) of the Employment Agreement, during the period described below. The Company shall reimburse said outplacement services payments within thirty (30) days of Executive’s submission for reimbursement of proper proof of payment, which Executive shall submit within thirty (30) days of incurring said expense. All payments under clause (2) shall be paid by December 31, 2007. The outplacement services addressed in

 

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clause (4) will be provided for the period beginning on the Effective Date and ending December 31, 2008, and any reimbursement of the cost of such outplacement services will be paid by December 31, 2009. All payments are subject to applicable tax withholding. Executive shall be solely responsible for all taxes applicable to Executive on the payments under this Agreement. Additionally, for a period not to exceed eighteen (18) months following the Executive’s resignation from the Company, the Company shall pay any COBRA premiums incurred by the Executive for the purchase of medical and dental coverage for Executive and any qualified beneficiaries in accordance with the terms and conditions of such insurance available to the senior executives of the Company, as those coverages may be amended or modified from time to time. The Company’s obligation to continue payments for COBRA premiums pursuant to this Paragraph 5 shall cease as of the date that Executive obtains alternative employment that affords him the opportunity to obtain medical and dental insurance coverage.

6. Prior Agreements. This Agreement supersedes all prior agreements entered into by Vonage and Executive, except for the following: (1) Sections 4(b) and 4(c), and Sections 5 through 12 of the Employment Agreement, which terms survive the termination of the Employment Agreement pursuant to Section 17 thereof, (2) the Parties’ Non-Compete Agreement dated February 7, 2006, (3) the Parties’ Employee Confidentiality and Innovations Agreement dated February 7, 2006 (the “Confidentiality Agreement”), and (4) the Parties’ Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement dated February 7, 2006.

7. Resignation from Directorships and Officerships. Pursuant to Section 4(e) of the Employment Agreement, Executive affirms that his notice of resignation submitted on April 11, 2007 constitutes his immediate resignation from (i) any director, officer, or employee position that Executive has with the Company, and (ii) all fiduciary positions (including as a trustee) the Executive holds with respect to any employee benefit plans or trusts established by the Company.

8. Confidentiality of Agreement. Executive agrees to keep secret and strictly confidential the terms of this Agreement and further represents and warrants that he will not disclose, make known, discuss or relay any information concerning this Agreement, or any of the discussions leading up to this Agreement, to anyone (other than members of his immediate family, accountants or attorneys who have first agreed to keep said information confidential and to not disclose it to others), and that he has not done so. The foregoing shall not prohibit or restrict such disclosure as required by law or in connection with the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other governmental or regulatory body, or as may be necessary for the prosecution or defense of claims relating to the performance or enforcement of this Agreement, or prohibit or restrict Executive (or Executive’s attorney) or Vonage from responding to any such inquiry about this settlement or its underlying facts and circumstances by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the New York Stock Exchange, any other self- regulatory organization, or in response to a duly served and effective subpoena or discovery request in the course of any litigation. Prior to making any disclosure other than to his immediate family, accountants or attorneys, Executive shall provide Vonage with as much notice as practicable that he has been requested or compelled to make disclosure and use his best efforts to ensure that if such disclosure occurs it does so in a manner designed to maintain the confidentiality of this Agreement to the fullest extent possible.

 

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9. Return of Property and Documents. Executive represents and warrants that he has returned, or will immediately return, to Vonage all Vonage property (including, without limitation, any and all computers, Blackberries, identification cards, card key passes, corporate credit cards, corporate phone cards, files, memoranda, keys, and software) in Executive’s possession and that he has not, and will not, retain any duplicates or reproductions of such items. Executive further represents and warrants that he has delivered to Vonage all copies of any Confidential Information (as defined in the Confidentiality Agreement) in his possession or control and has destroyed all copies of any analyses, compilations, studies or other documents in his possession that contain any Confidential Information.

10. Breach of Obligations. It is expressly understood and agreed that in the event of a material breach by either party of any of its obligations under this Agreement and any agreements incorporated by reference herein, and in addition to any other legal or equitable remedy the non-breaching party may have, the non-breaching party shall have the option to pursue any available legal or equitable remedy. The Parties further agree that, to the extent permitted by law, the prevailing party shall recover its costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees incurred in seeking relief for any proven breach of this Agreement or to enforce the terms of this Agreement.

11. Notices. All notices, requests, demands and other communications hereunder to Vonage shall be in writing and shall be delivered, either by hand, by facsimile, by overnight courier or by certified mail, return receipt requested, duly addressed as indicated below or to such changed address as Vonage may subsequently designate:

Vonage Holdings Corp.

23 Main Street

Holmdel, New Jersey 07733

Attention: Sharon O’Leary, Executive Vice President & Chief Legal Officer

Any such notice, request, demand, or other communication to Vonage delivered in the manner specified above shall be deemed duly given only upon receipt by Vonage.

All notices, requests, demands, and other communications hereunder to Executive shall be in writing and shall be delivered, either by hand, by facsimile, by overnight courier, or by certified mail, return receipt requested, duly addressed as indicated below or to such changed address as Executive may subsequently designate:

Michael Snyder

77 Hance Road

Fair Haven, New Jersey 07704

Any such notice, request, demand, or other communication to Executive delivered in the manner specified above shall be deemed duly given only upon receipt by Executive.

12. Severability. If, at any time after the Effective Date, any provision of this Agreement shall be held by any court of competent jurisdiction or arbitrator to be illegal, void, or unenforceable, such provision shall be of no force and effect. The illegality or unenforceability

 

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of such provision, however, shall have no effect upon, and shall not impair the enforceability of, any other provision of this Agreement, provided, however, that, upon any finding that Paragraph 4(a) is illegal and/or unenforceable (other than a finding caused by Vonage), Vonage shall be released from any obligation to make any payment pursuant to Paragraph 5 of this Agreement and Executive shall repay to Vonage any and all amounts already received pursuant to Paragraph 5.

13. Choice of Law; Arbitration. The terms of this Agreement and all rights and obligations of the Parties thereto including its enforcement shall be interpreted and governed by the laws of the State of New Jersey, without regard to conflicts of law principles. Pursuant to Section 12 of the Employment Agreement, which is incorporated by operation thereof and reference herein, any disputes arising out of this Agreement and which are mandatorily arbitrable shall be settled exclusively by arbitration before the American Arbitration Association at a location in New Jersey.

14. In junctive Relief. Notwithstanding the limited agreement to arbitrate set forth in Paragraph 13 of this Agreement, any claim alleging breach of Executive’s non-disparagement obligations or alleging breach of Paragraph 8 (confidentiality) may be brought in any federal or state court of competent jurisdiction in the State of New Jersey, where the Parties consent to jurisdiction and agree not to argue that it is an inconvenient forum for resolution of the claim. A material breach of Section 10 of Executive’s Employment Agreement or Paragraph 8 of this Agreement shall be considered to be irreparable harm, where no adequate remedy at law would be available in respect thereof. The Parties agree that Vonage will have no obligation to post a bond to obtain said injunctive relief.

15. Modification of Agreement. No provision of this Agreement may be modified, altered, waived or discharged unless such modification, alteration, waiver or discharge is agreed to in writing and signed by the Parties hereto. No waiver by either party hereto of, or compliance with, any condition or provision of this Agreement to be performed by such other party shall be deemed a waiver of similar or dissimilar provisions or conditions at the same or at any prior or subsequent time.

16. Withholding. Vonage may withhold from amounts payable or benefits provided under this Agreement any and all federal, state, and local taxes that are required to be withheld and reported by any applicable laws and regulations. Vonage may also withhold and report any amounts necessary pursuant to the benefit plans, policies, or arrangements of Vonage or otherwise, in accordance with any applicable Vonage policies, laws and/or regulations.

17. Entire Agreement; Headings. This Agreement sets forth the entire agreement between the Parties hereto and any and all prior and contemporaneous agreements (including the Employment Agreement), discussions or understandings between the Parties pertaining to the subject matter hereof, including relating to severance payments or compensation, have been and are merged into and superseded by this Agreement; provided, however, that this Agreement does not supersede Executive’s obligations relating to confidential information, trade secrets, intellectual property, copyrights, and non-solicitation, which shall remain in full force and effect in accordance with their terms. The headings of the paragraphs contained in this Agreement are for convenience only and shall not be deemed to control or affect the meaning or construction of any provision of this Agreement

 

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18. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which will constitute one and the same instrument.

19. EXECUTIVE ACKNOWLEDGES AND WARRANTS THAT:

(a) he has read the terms of this Agreement and that he understands its terms and effects, including the fact that he has agreed to release and forever discharge Vonage or any releases from any legal action arising out of his employment relationship with Vonage, the terms and conditions of that employment relationship, and the termination of that employment relationship;

(b) he has signed this Agreement voluntarily and knowingly in exchange for the consideration described and referenced herein, which he acknowledges as adequate and satisfactory to him;

(c) he has been informed that he has the right to consider this Agreement for a period of twenty-one (21) days from receipt prior to entering into this Agreement and he has signed on the date indicated below after concluding that the Agreement is satisfactory;

(d) he has been informed that he has the right to revoke this Agreement for a period of seven (7) days following his execution of this. Agreement by giving written notice to Vonage to the attention of Sharon O’Leary, Executive Vice President & Chief Legal Officer, Vonage Holdings Corp., 23 Main Street, Holmdel, New Jersey 07733. This Agreement shall not be effective or enforceable until Executive’s right to revoke this Agreement has lapsed;

(e) he has been and is hereby advised in writing by Vonage to consult with an attorney prior to signing this Agreement and he has consulted with his attorney;

(f) neither Vonage, nor any of its agents, representatives or attorneys have made any representations to Executive concerning the terms or effects of this Agreement other than those contained and referenced herein; and

(g) this Agreement shall be governed, interpreted and enforced by and under the laws of the State of New Jersey, without regard to choice of law principles.

 

      VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.
By:  

/s/ MICHAEL SNYDER

    By:  

LOGO

  MICHAEL SNYDER      
Dated:   5-17-07     Dated:   May 17, 2007

 

7

EXHIBIT 10.2

INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT

This Agreement is made as of the [    ] day of [                ], by and between Vonage Holdings Corp., a Delaware corporation (the “Corporation), and [                    ] (the “Indemnitee”), a director or officer of the Corporation.

WHEREAS, it is essential to the Corporation to retain and attract as directors and officers the most capable persons available, and

WHEREAS, the substantial increase in corporate litigation subjects directors and officers to expensive litigation risks at the same time that the availability of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance has been severely limited, and

WHEREAS, it is now and has always been the express policy of the Corporation to indemnify its directors and officers, and

WHEREAS, the Indemnitee does not regard the protection available under the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation and insurance as adequate in the present circumstances, and may not be willing to serve or continue to serve as a director or officer without adequate protection, and

WHEREAS, the Corporation desires the Indemnitee to serve, or continue to serve, as a director or officer of the Corporation.

NOW THEREFORE, the Corporation and the Indemnitee do hereby agree as follows:

1. Agreement to Serve . The Indemnitee agrees to serve or continue to serve as a director or officer of the Corporation for so long as the Indemnitee is duly elected or appointed or until such time as the Indemnitee tenders a resignation in writing.

2. Definitions . As used in this Agreement:

(a) The term “Change in Control” shall mean, and shall be deemed to have occurred if, on or after the date of this Agreement, (i) any “person” (as such term is used in Section 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), other than a trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Corporation acting in such capacity or a corporation owned directly or indirectly by the stockholders of the Corporation in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of stock of the Corporation, becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under said Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Corporation representing more than 50% of the total voting power represented by the Corporation’s then outstanding Voting Securities (as defined below), (ii) during any period of two consecutive years, individuals who at the beginning of such period constitute the Board of Directors of the Corporation and any new director whose election by the Board of Directors or nomination for election by the Corporation’s stockholders was approved by a vote of at least two thirds (2/3) of the directors then still in office who either were directors at the beginning of the period or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved, cease for any reason to constitute a majority thereof, or (iii) the stockholders of the Corporation approve a merger or consolidation of the Corporation with any other entity other


than a merger or consolidation which would result in the Voting Securities of the Corporation outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into Voting Securities of the surviving entity) at least 80% of the total voting power represented by the Voting Securities of the Corporation or such surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation, or the stockholders of the Corporation approve a plan of complete liquidation of the Corporation or an agreement for the sale or disposition by the Corporation of (in one transaction or a series of related transactions) all or substantially all of the Corporation’s assets.

(b) The term “Corporate Status” shall mean the status of a person who is or was, or has agreed to become, a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving, or has agreed to serve, at the request of the Corporation, as a director, officer, fiduciary, partner, trustee, member, employee or agent of, or in a similar capacity with, another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise (including any employee benefit plan).

(c) References to the “Corporation” shall include, in addition to Vonage Holdings Corp., any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger to which Vonage Holdings Corp. (or any of its wholly owned subsidiaries) is a party which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had the power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, employees, agents or fiduciaries, so that if the Indemnitee is or was a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, employee benefit plan, trust or other enterprise, the Indemnitee shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Agreement with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as the Indemnitee would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.

(d) The term “Expenses” shall include, without limitation, attorneys’ fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees and expenses of experts, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees and other disbursements or expenses of the types customarily incurred in connection with actions, suits, proceedings, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, hearings, inquiries or investigations, including any costs or expenses incurred defending, being a witness in or participating in, or preparing to defend, to be a witness in or to participate in, such actions, suits, proceedings, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, hearings, inquiries or investigations, including any federal, state, local or foreign taxes imposed on the Indemnitee as a result of actual or deemed receipt of payments for the foregoing, but shall not include the amount of judgments, fines or penalties against the Indemnitee or amounts paid in settlement in connection with such matters.

(e) References to “other enterprise” shall include employee benefit plans; references to “fines” shall include any excise tax assessed with respect to any employee benefit plan; references to “serving at the request of the Corporation” shall include any service as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in the interests of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation” as referred to in this Agreement.

 

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(f) The term “Proceeding” shall include any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, arbitration, alternative dispute resolution mechanism, hearing, inquiry, investigation or other proceeding, whether brought by or in the right of the Corporation or otherwise and whether of a civil, criminal, administrative or investigative nature, and any appeal therefrom.

(g) The term “Special Independent Counsel” shall mean a law firm, or a member of a law firm, that is experienced in matters of corporation law and neither currently is, nor in the past three years has been, retained to represent: (i) the Corporation or the Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party or (ii) any other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term “Special Independent Counsel” shall not include any person who, under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, would have a conflict of interest in representing either the Corporation or the Indemnitee in an action to determine the Indemnitee’s rights under this Agreement.

(h) The term “Voting Securities” shall mean any securities of the Corporation that vote generally in the election of directors.

3. Indemnity of Indemnitee . Subject to Sections 6, 7 and 9, the Corporation shall indemnify the Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding as to which the Indemnitee is, was or is threatened to be made a party (or is a witness or participant in or otherwise involved with) by reason of the Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, to the fullest extent permitted by law (as such may be amended from time to time). To the extent that a change in applicable law (whether by statute or judicial decision) permits greater indemnification than would be afforded currently hereunder, the Indemnitee shall enjoy the greater benefits so afforded by such change without any further action by the Corporation. In furtherance of the foregoing and without limiting the generality thereof:

(a) Indemnification in Third-Party Proceedings . The Corporation shall indemnify the Indemnitee in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(a) if the Indemnitee was or is a party to or threatened to be made a party to or otherwise involved in any Proceeding (other than a Proceeding by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor or a Proceeding referred to in Section 6 below) by reason of the Indemnitee’s Corporate Status or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in connection therewith, against all Expenses, liabilities, losses, judgments, fines, ERISA taxes or penalties and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by or on behalf of the Indemnitee in connection with such Proceeding, if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner which the Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the Corporation and, with respect to any criminal Proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.

(b) Indemnification in Proceedings by or in the Right of the Corporation . The Corporation shall indemnify the Indemnitee in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(b) if the Indemnitee was or is a party to or threatened to be made a party to or otherwise

 

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involved in any Proceeding by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the Indemnitee’s Corporate Status or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in connection therewith, against all Expenses and, to the extent permitted by law, amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by or on behalf of the Indemnitee in connection with such Proceeding, if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner which the Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the Corporation, except that, if applicable law so provides, no indemnification shall be made under this Section 3(b) in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which the Indemnitee shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation, unless, and only to the extent, that the Court of Chancery of Delaware or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of such liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, the Indemnitee is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such Expenses as the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

4. Indemnification of Expenses of Successful Party . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, to the extent that the Indemnitee has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in defense of any Proceeding or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein (other than a Proceeding referred to in Section 6), the Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by or on behalf of the Indemnitee in connection therewith. Without limiting the foregoing, if any Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein is disposed of, on the merits or otherwise (including a disposition without prejudice), without (i) the disposition being adverse to the Indemnitee, (ii) an adjudication that the Indemnitee was liable to the Corporation, (iii) a plea of guilty or nolo contendere by the Indemnitee, (iv) an adjudication that the Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner the Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and (v) with respect to any criminal proceeding, an adjudication that the Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful, the Indemnitee shall be considered for the purposes hereof to have been wholly successful with respect thereto.

5. Indemnification for Expenses of a Witness . To the extent that the Indemnitee is, by reason of the Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, a witness in any Proceeding to which the Indemnitee is not a party, the Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by or on behalf of the Indemnitee in connection therewith.

6. Exceptions to Right of Indemnification . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, except as set forth in Section 10, the Corporation shall not indemnify the Indemnitee in connection with a Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by the Indemnitee unless (a) the initiation thereof was approved by the Board of Directors of the Corporation or (b) the Proceeding was commenced following a Change in Control. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Corporation shall not indemnify the Indemnitee to the extent the Indemnitee is reimbursed from the proceeds of insurance, and in the event the Corporation makes any indemnification payments to the Indemnitee and the Indemnitee is subsequently reimbursed from the proceeds of insurance, the Indemnitee shall promptly refund such indemnification payments to the Corporation to the extent of such insurance reimbursement.

7. Notification and Defense of Claim . As a condition precedent to the Indemnitee’s right to be indemnified, the Indemnitee must notify the Corporation in writing as soon as

 

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practicable of any Proceeding for which indemnity will or could be sought. With respect to any Proceeding of which the Corporation is so notified, the Corporation will be entitled to participate therein at its own expense and/or to assume the defense thereof at its own expense, with legal counsel reasonably acceptable to the Indemnitee. After notice from the Corporation to the Indemnitee of its election so to assume such defense, the Corporation shall not be liable to the Indemnitee for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with such Proceeding, other than as provided below in this Section 7. The Indemnitee shall have the right to employ his or her own counsel in connection with such Proceeding, but the fees and expenses of such counsel incurred after notice from the Corporation of its assumption of the defense thereof shall be at the expense of the Indemnitee unless (i) the employment of counsel by the Indemnitee has been authorized by the Corporation, (ii) counsel to the Indemnitee shall have reasonably concluded that there may be a conflict of interest or position on any significant issue between the Corporation and the Indemnitee in the conduct of the defense of such Proceeding or (iii) the Corporation shall not in fact have employed counsel to assume the defense of such Proceeding, in each of which cases the fees and expenses of counsel for the Indemnitee shall be at the expense of the Corporation, except as otherwise expressly provided by this Agreement. The Corporation shall not be entitled, without the consent of the Indemnitee, to assume the defense of any claim brought by or in the right of the Corporation or as to which counsel for the Indemnitee shall have reasonably made the conclusion provided for in clause (ii) above. The Corporation shall not be required to indemnify the Indemnitee under this Agreement for any amounts paid in settlement of any Proceeding effected without its written consent. The Corporation shall not settle any Proceeding in any manner that would impose any penalty or limitation on the Indemnitee without the Indemnitee’s written consent. Neither the Corporation nor the Indemnitee will unreasonably withhold or delay their consent to any proposed settlement.

8. Advancement of Expenses . In the event that the Corporation does not assume the defense pursuant to Section 7 of any Proceeding of which the Corporation receives notice under this Agreement, any Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by or on behalf of the Indemnitee in defending such Proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding; provided, however, that the payment of such Expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Indemnitee in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the Indemnitee to repay all amounts so advanced in the event that it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right of appeal that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Agreement. Such undertaking shall be accepted without reference to the financial ability of the Indemnitee to make repayment. Any advances and undertakings to repay pursuant to this Section 8 shall be unsecured and interest-free. The parties agree that for the purposes of any advancement of Expenses for which the Indemnitee has made written demand to the Corporation in accordance with this Agreement, all Expenses included in such advancement that are certified by affidavit of the Indemnitee’s counsel as being reasonable shall be presumed conclusively to be reasonable.

9. Procedures .

(a) In order to obtain indemnification or advancement of Expenses pursuant to this Agreement, the Indemnitee shall submit to the Corporation a written request, including in

 

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such request such documentation and information as is reasonably available to the Indemnitee and is reasonably necessary to determine whether and to what extent the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification or advancement of Expenses. Any such indemnification or advancement of Expenses shall be made as soon as practicable after written demand by the Indemnitee therefor is presented to the Corporation, and in any event within (i) in the case of indemnification under Sections 4, 5 or 9(d) or advancement of Expenses, 20 business days after receipt by the Corporation of the written request of the Indemnitee, or (ii) in the case of all other indemnification, 45 business days after receipt by the Corporation of the written request of the Indemnitee, unless with respect to requests under this clause (ii) the Corporation determines, by clear and convincing evidence, within the 45 business-day period referred to above that the Indemnitee did not meet the applicable standard of conduct. Such determination, and any determination that advanced Expenses must be repaid to the Corporation, shall be made as follows:

(x) if a Change in Control shall have occurred, by Special Independent Counsel in a written opinion to the Board of Directors of the Corporation, a copy of which shall be delivered to the Indemnitee (unless the Indemnitee shall request that such determination be made by the Board of Directors of the Corporation, in which case the determination shall be made in the manner provided below in clauses (y)(1) or (y)(2)).

(y) in all other cases, in the discretion of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, (1) by a majority vote of the directors of the Corporation consisting of persons who are not at that time parties to the Proceeding (“disinterested directors”), whether or not a quorum, (2) by a committee of disinterested directors designated by a majority vote of disinterested directors, whether or not a quorum, (3) if there are no disinterested directors, or if the disinterested directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion to the Board, or (4) by the stockholders of the Corporation.

(b) In the event that a Change in Control shall have occurred and the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Special Independent Counsel, the Special Independent Counsel shall be selected as provided in this Section 9(b). The Special Independent Counsel shall be selected by the Indemnitee, unless the Indemnitee shall request that such selection be made by the Board of Directors of the Corporation. The party making the determination shall give written notice to the other party advising it of the identity of the Special Independent Counsel so selected. The party receiving such notice may, within seven days after such written notice of selection shall have been given, deliver to the other party a written objection to such selection. Such objection may be asserted only on the ground that the Special Independent Counsel so selected does not meet the requirements of “Special Independent Counsel” as defined in Section 2, and the objection shall set forth with particularity the factual basis of such assertion. Absent a proper and timely objection, the person so selected shall act as Special Independent Counsel. If a written objection is made, the Special Independent Counsel so selected may not serve as Special Independent Counsel unless and until a court has determined that such objection is without merit. If, within 20 business days after submission by the Indemnitee of a written request for indemnification, no Special Independent Counsel shall have been selected or if selected, shall have been objected to, in accordance with this paragraph either the Corporation or the Indemnitee may petition the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or other court of competent jurisdiction for resolution of any objection which shall have been

 

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made by the Corporation or the Indemnitee to the other’s selection of Special Independent Counsel and/or for the appointment as Special Independent Counsel of a person selected by the court or by such other person as the court shall designate, and the person with respect to whom an objection is favorably resolved or the person so appointed shall act as Special Independent Counsel. The Corporation shall pay the reasonable and necessary fees and expenses of Special Independent Counsel incurred in connection with its acting in such capacity. The Corporation shall pay any and all reasonable and necessary fees and expenses incident to the procedures of this paragraph, regardless of the manner in which such Special Independent Counsel was selected or appointed. Upon the due commencement of any judicial proceeding pursuant to Section 10 of this Agreement, any Special Independent Counsel shall be discharged and relieved of any further responsibility in such capacity (subject to the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing).

(c) The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner that the Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal Proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.

(d) The Indemnitee shall cooperate with the person, persons or entity making such determination with respect to the Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification, including providing to such person, persons or entity upon reasonable advance request any documentation or information which is not privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure and which is reasonably available to the Indemnitee and reasonably necessary to such determination. Any Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee in so cooperating shall be borne by the Corporation (irrespective of the determination as to the Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification), and the Corporation hereby indemnifies the Indemnitee therefrom.

10. Remedies . The right to indemnification or advancement of Expenses as provided by this Agreement shall be enforceable by the Indemnitee in any court of competent jurisdiction if the Corporation denies such request, in whole or in part, or if no disposition thereof is made within the applicable periods referred to in Section 9. Unless otherwise required by law, the burden of proving that indemnification or advancement of Expenses is not appropriate shall be on the Corporation. Neither the failure of the Corporation to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification is proper in the circumstances because the Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct, nor an actual determination by the Corporation that the Indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct. Indemnitee’s Expenses (including attorneys’ fees) reasonably incurred in connection with any action instituted by the Indemnitee to enforce or interpret its right to indemnification, in whole or in part, shall also be indemnified by the Corporation, regardless of whether the Indemnitee is ultimately successful in such action, unless as a part of such action a court having jurisdiction over such action makes a final judicial determination (as to which all rights of appeal therefrom have been exhausted or lapsed) that each of the material assertions made by the Indemnitee as a basis for such action was not made in good faith or was frivolous; provided, however, that until such final judicial determination is made, the Indemnitee shall be entitled under Section 8 to advancement of Expenses with respect to such action.

 

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11. Partial Indemnification . If the Indemnitee is entitled under any provision of this Agreement to indemnification by the Corporation for some or a portion of the Expenses, liabilities, losses, judgments, fines, ERISA taxes or penalties or amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by or on behalf of the Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding but not, however, for the total amount thereof, the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify the Indemnitee for the portion of such Expenses, liabilities, losses, judgments, fines, ERISA taxes or penalties or amounts paid in settlement to which the Indemnitee is entitled.

12. Subrogation . In the event of any payment under this Agreement, the Corporation shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and take all action necessary to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Corporation to bring suit to enforce such rights.

13. Contribution .

(a) If the indemnification provided for in this Agreement for any reason is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be unavailable to the Indemnitee in respect of any Expenses, losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to herein, then the Corporation, in lieu of indemnifying the Indemnitee hereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by the Indemnitee as a result of such Expenses, losses, claims, damages or liabilities (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Corporation and the Indemnitee, or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Corporation and the Indemnitee in connection with the action or inaction which resulted in such Expenses, losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. In connection with the registration of the Corporation’s securities, the relative benefits received by the Corporation and the Indemnitee shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions that the net proceeds from the offering (before deducting expenses) received by the Corporation and the Indemnitee, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover page of the applicable prospectus, bear to the aggregate public offering price of the securities so offered. The relative fault of the Corporation and the Indemnitee shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Corporation or the Indemnitee and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.

(b) The Corporation and the Indemnitee agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 13 were determined by pro rata or per capita allocation or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph. In connection with the registration of the Corporation’s securities, in no event shall the Indemnitee be required to contribute any amount under this Section 13 in excess of the lesser of (i) that proportion of the

 

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total securities sold under such registration statement which is being sold by the Indemnitee or (ii) the proceeds received by the Indemnitee from its sale of securities under such registration statement. No person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 10(f) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not found guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

14. Notice to Insurers . If, at the time of the receipt by the Corporation of a notice of a claim for indemnification or advancement of Expenses by the Indemnitee, the Corporation has liability insurance in effect which may cover such claim, the Corporation shall give prompt notice of the commencement of such claim to the insurers in accordance with the procedures set forth in the respective policies. The Corporation shall thereafter take all necessary or desirable action to cause such insurers to pay, on behalf of the Indemnitee, all amounts payable as a result of such claim in accordance with the terms of such polices.

15. Mutual Acknowledgment . Both the Corporation and the Indemnitee acknowledge that in certain instances, federal law or applicable public policy may prohibit the Corporation from indemnifying its directors, officers, employees, agents or fiduciaries under this Agreement or otherwise. The Indemnitee understands and acknowledges that the Corporation has undertaken or may be required in the future to undertake with the Securities and Exchange Commission to submit the question of indemnification to a court in certain circumstances for a determination of the Corporation’s right under public policy to indemnify the Indemnitee.

16. Liability Insurance . To the extent the Corporation maintains liability insurance applicable to directors, officers, employees, agents or fiduciaries, the Indemnitee shall be covered by such policies in such a manner as to provide the Indemnitee the same rights and benefits as are provided to the most favorably insured of the Corporation’s directors, if the Indemnitee is a director; or of the Corporation’s officers, if the Indemnitee is not a director of the Corporation but is an officer.

17. Indemnification Hereunder Not Exclusive . The indemnification and advancement of Expenses provided by this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which the Indemnitee may be entitled under the Certification of Incorporation, the By-laws, any other agreement, any vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, the General Corporation Law of Delaware, any other law (common or statutory), or otherwise, both as to action in the Indemnitee’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding office for the Corporation. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to prohibit the Corporation from purchasing and maintaining insurance, at its expense, to protect itself or the Indemnitee against any expense, liability or loss incurred by it or the Indemnitee in any such capacity, or arising out of the Indemnitee’s status as such, whether or not the Indemnitee would be indemnified against such expense, liability or loss under this Agreement; provided that the Corporation shall not be liable under this Agreement to make any payment of amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder if and to the extent that the Indemnitee has otherwise actually received such payment under any insurance policy, contract, agreement or otherwise.

18. No Special Rights . Nothing herein shall confer upon the Indemnitee any right to continue to serve as an officer or director of the Corporation for any period of time or at any particular rate of compensation.

 

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19. Savings Clause . If this Agreement or any portion thereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify the Indemnitee as to Expenses, liabilities, losses, judgments, fines, ERISA taxes and penalties and amounts paid in settlement with respect to any Proceeding to the full extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Agreement that shall not have been invalidated and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.

20. Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall constitute the original.

21. Binding Effect; Successors and Assigns . This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the parties hereto and their respective successors, assigns (including any direct or indirect successor by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise to all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Corporation), spouses, heirs and personal and legal representatives. The Corporation shall require and cause any successor (whether direct or indirect, and whether by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all, substantially all, or a substantial part, of the business or assets of the Corporation, expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Corporation would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place. This Agreement shall continue in effect regardless of whether Indemnitee continues to serve as a director, officer, employee, agent of fiduciary (as applicable) of the Corporation or of any other enterprise at the Corporation’s request.

22. Headings . The headings of the paragraphs of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or to affect the construction thereof.

23. Modification and Waiver . This Agreement may be amended from time to time to reflect changes in Delaware law or for other reasons. No supplement, modification or amendment of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by both of the parties hereto. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other provision hereof nor shall any such waiver constitute a continuing waiver.

24. Notices . All notices, requests, demands and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given (i) when delivered by hand or (ii) if mailed by certified or registered mail with postage prepaid, on the third day after the date on which it is so mailed:

 

(a)   if to the Indemnitee, to:   [        ]
(b)   if to the Corporation, to:   Vonage Holdings Corp.
    23 Main Street
    Holmdel, New Jersey 07733
    Attn:   Sharon A. O’Leary
     

Executive Vice President,

Chief Legal Officer and Secretary

 

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or to such other address as may have been furnished to the Indemnitee by the Corporation or to the Corporation by the Indemnitee, as the case may be.

25. Applicable Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to principles of conflicts of law. The Indemnitee may elect to have the right to indemnification or reimbursement or advancement of Expenses interpreted on the basis of the applicable law in effect at the time of the occurrence of the event or events giving rise to the applicable Proceeding, to the extent permitted by law, or on the basis of the applicable law in effect at the time such indemnification or reimbursement or advancement of Expenses is sought. Such election shall be made, by a notice in writing to the Corporation, at the time indemnification or reimbursement or advancement of Expenses is sought; provided, however, that if no such notice is given, and if the General Corporation Law of Delaware is amended, or other Delaware law is enacted, to permit further indemnification of the directors and officers, then the Indemnitee shall be indemnified to the fullest extent permitted under the General Corporation Law, as so amended, or by such other Delaware law, as so enacted.

26. Enforcement . The Corporation expressly confirms and agrees that it has entered into this Agreement in order to induce the Indemnitee to continue to serve as an officer or director of the Corporation, and acknowledges that the Indemnitee is relying upon this Agreement in continuing in such capacity.

27. Entire Agreement . This Agreement sets forth the entire agreement of the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein and supersedes all prior agreements, whether oral or written, by any officer, employee or representative of any party hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein; and any prior agreement of the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein is hereby terminated and cancelled. For avoidance of doubt, the parties confirm that the foregoing does not apply to or limit the Indemnitee’s rights under Delaware law or the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws.

28. Consent to Suit . In the case of any dispute under or in connection with this Agreement, the Indemnitee may only bring suit against the Corporation in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware in and for New Castle County. The Indemnitee hereby consents to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of the courts of the State of Delaware in and for New Castle County, and the Indemnitee hereby waives any claim the Indemnitee may have at any time as to forum non conveniens with respect to such venue. The Corporation shall have the right to institute any legal action arising out of or relating to this Agreement in any court of competent jurisdiction. Any judgment entered against either of the parties in any proceeding hereunder may be entered and enforced by any court of competent jurisdiction.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

 

VONAGE HOLDINGS CORP.

 

Name:  
Title:  
INDEMNITEE:

 

 

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Schedule of Omitted Information

 

Name of Indemnitee

 

Date of Agreement

 

Person Signing on

behalf of Company

Jeffrey A. Citron   May 19, 2006  

John S. Rego

Chief Financial Officer

Betsy Atkins   May 19, 2006  

John S. Rego

Chief Financial Officer

Peter Barris   May 19, 2006  

John S. Rego

Chief Financial Officer

Mort David   May 19, 2006  

John S. Rego

Chief Financial Officer

Orit Gadiesh   May 19, 2006  

John S. Rego

Chief Financial Officer

Michael A. Krupka   July 19, 2007  

Jeffrey A. Citron

Chief Executive Officer

J. Sanford Miller   May 19, 2006  

John S. Rego

Chief Financial Officer

Hugh Panero   May 19, 2006  

John S. Rego

Chief Financial Officer

Gov. Tom Ridge   May 19, 2006  

John S. Rego

Chief Financial Officer

John J. Roberts   May 19, 2006  

John S. Rego

Chief Financial Officer

Harry Weller   May 19, 2006  

John S. Rego

Chief Financial Officer

Leslie Arena   October 30, 2007  

Jeffrey A. Citron

Chief Executive Officer

Jamie Haenggi   October 24, 2007  

Jeffrey A. Citron

Chief Executive Officer

Louis Mamakos   May 19, 2006  

John S. Rego

Chief Financial Officer

Sharon A. O’Leary   May 19, 2006  

John S. Rego

Chief Financial Officer

John S. Rego   May 19, 2006  

Jeffrey A. Citron

Chief Executive Officer

Michael Snyder   May 19, 2006  

John S. Rego

Chief Financial Officer

Michael Tribolet   May 19, 2006  

John S. Rego

Chief Financial Officer

 

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EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Jeffrey Citron, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Vonage Holdings Corp.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) [Not applicable];

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: November 14, 2007    

/s/ JEFFREY CITRON

    Jeffrey Citron
   

Chairman, Chief Strategist and

Interim Chief Executive Officer

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS

I, John S. Rego, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Vonage Holdings Corp.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) [Not applicable];

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: November 14, 2007    

/s/ JOHN S. REGO

    John S. Rego
   

Executive Vice President,

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF INTERIM CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Jeffrey Citron, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge, the Quarterly Report of Vonage Holdings Corp. on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in such Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Vonage Holdings Corp.

 

Date: November 14, 2007  

/s/ JEFFREY CITRON

  Jeffrey Citron
  Chairman, Chief Strategist and Interim Chief Executive Officer

I, John S. Rego, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge, the Quarterly Report of Vonage Holdings Corp. on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in such Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Vonage Holdings Corp.

 

Date: November 14, 2007  

/s/ JOHN S. REGO

  John S. Rego
  Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer